201
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Rhodes MK, Fant JB, Skogen KA. Local topography shapes fine-scale spatial genetic structure in the Arkansas Valley evening primrose, Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae). J Hered 2014; 105:806-15. [PMID: 25189774 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying factors that shape the spatial distribution of genetic variation is crucial to understanding many population- and landscape-level processes. In this study, we explore fine-scale spatial genetic structure in Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae), an insect-pollinated, gravity-dispersed herb endemic to the grasslands of south-central and southeastern Colorado, USA. We genotyped 315 individuals with 11 microsatellite markers and utilized a combination of spatial autocorrelation analyses and landscape genetic models to relate life history traits and landscape features to dispersal processes. Spatial genetic structure was consistent with theoretical expectations of isolation by distance, but this pattern was weak (Sp = 0.00374). Anisotropic analyses indicated that spatial genetic structure was markedly directional, in this case consistent with increased dispersal along prominent slopes. Landscape genetic models subsequently confirmed that spatial genetic variation was significantly influenced by local topographic heterogeneity, specifically that geographic distance, elevation and aspect were important predictors of spatial genetic structure. Among these variables, geographic distance was ~68% more important than elevation in describing spatial genetic variation, and elevation was ~42% more important than aspect after removing the effect of geographic distance. From these results, we infer a mechanism of hydrochorous seed dispersal along major drainages aided by seasonal monsoon rains. Our findings suggest that landscape features may shape microevolutionary processes at much finer spatial scales than typically considered, and stress the importance of considering how particular dispersal vectors are influenced by their environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Rhodes
- From the Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA (Rhodes, Fant, and Skogen); and the Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, IL 60208, USA (Rhodes).
| | - Jeremie B Fant
- From the Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA (Rhodes, Fant, and Skogen); and the Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, IL 60208, USA (Rhodes)
| | - Krissa A Skogen
- From the Division of Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA (Rhodes, Fant, and Skogen); and the Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 2-144, Evanston, IL 60208, USA (Rhodes)
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202
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Engler JO, Balkenhol N, Filz KJ, Habel JC, Rödder D. Comparative landscape genetics of three closely related sympatric Hesperid butterflies with diverging ecological traits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106526. [PMID: 25184414 PMCID: PMC4153614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how landscape characteristics affect gene flow in species with diverging ecological traits, it is important to analyze taxonomically related sympatric species in the same landscape using identical methods. Here, we present such a comparative landscape genetic study involving three closely related Hesperid butterflies of the genus Thymelicus that represent a gradient of diverging ecological traits. We analyzed landscape effects on their gene flow by deriving inter-population connectivity estimates based on different species distribution models (SDMs), which were calculated from multiple landscape parameters. We then used SDM output maps to calculate circuit-theoretic connectivity estimates and statistically compared these estimates to actual genetic differentiation in each species. We based our inferences on two different analytical methods and two metrics of genetic differentiation. Results indicate that land use patterns influence population connectivity in the least mobile specialist T. acteon. In contrast, populations of the highly mobile generalist T. lineola were panmictic, lacking any landscape related effect on genetic differentiation. In the species with ecological traits in between those of the congeners, T. sylvestris, climate has a strong impact on inter-population connectivity. However, the relative importance of different landscape factors for connectivity varies when using different metrics of genetic differentiation in this species. Our results show that closely related species representing a gradient of ecological traits also show genetic structures and landscape genetic relationships that gradually change from a geographical macro- to micro-scale. Thus, the type and magnitude of landscape effects on gene flow can differ strongly even among closely related species inhabiting the same landscape, and depend on their relative degree of specialization. In addition, the use of different genetic differentiation metrics makes it possible to detect recent changes in the relative importance of landscape factors affecting gene flow, which likely change as a result of contemporary habitat alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O. Engler
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Filz
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- Museum of Natural History Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan C. Habel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystemmanagement, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
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203
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Galpern P, Peres-Neto PR, Polfus J, Manseau M. MEMGENE: Spatial pattern detection in genetic distance data. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galpern
- Faculty of Environmental Design; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Natural Resources Institute; University of Manitoba; 70 Dysart Road Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Pedro R. Peres-Neto
- Canada Research Chair in Spatial Modelling and Biodiversity; Département des sciences biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montréal QC H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Jean Polfus
- Natural Resources Institute; University of Manitoba; 70 Dysart Road Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Micheline Manseau
- Natural Resources Institute; University of Manitoba; 70 Dysart Road Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Parks Canada; 145 McDermot Avenue Winnipeg MB R3B 0R9 Canada
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204
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Vander Wal E, Garant D, Calmé S, Chapman CA, Festa-Bianchet M, Millien V, Rioux-Paquette S, Pelletier F. Applying evolutionary concepts to wildlife disease ecology and management. Evol Appl 2014; 7:856-68. [PMID: 25469163 PMCID: PMC4227862 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing and emerging infectious diseases are among the most pressing global threats to biodiversity, food safety and human health. The complex interplay between host, pathogen and environment creates a challenge for conserving species, communities and ecosystem functions, while mediating the many known ecological and socio-economic negative effects of disease. Despite the clear ecological and evolutionary contexts of host-pathogen dynamics, approaches to managing wildlife disease remain predominantly reactionary, focusing on surveillance and some attempts at eradication. A few exceptional studies have heeded recent calls for better integration of ecological concepts in the study and management of wildlife disease; however, evolutionary concepts remain underused. Applied evolution consists of four principles: evolutionary history, genetic and phenotypic variation, selection and eco-evolutionary dynamics. In this article, we first update a classical framework for understanding wildlife disease to integrate better these principles. Within this framework, we explore the evolutionary implications of environment-disease interactions. Subsequently, we synthesize areas where applied evolution can be employed in wildlife disease management. Finally, we discuss some future directions and challenges. Here, we underscore that despite some evolutionary principles currently playing an important role in our understanding of disease in wild animals, considerable opportunities remain for fostering the practice of evolutionarily enlightened wildlife disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vander Wal
- Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Calmé
- Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
- El Colegio de la Frontera SurChetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyBronx, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
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205
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Sunny A, Monroy-Vilchis O, Reyna-Valencia C, Zarco-González MM. Microhabitat types promote the genetic structure of a micro-endemic and critically endangered mole salamander (Ambystoma leorae) of Central Mexico. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103595. [PMID: 25076052 PMCID: PMC4116214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced immigration and emigration rates resulting from the lack of landscape connectivity of patches and the hospitality of the intervening matrix could favor the loss of alleles through genetic drift and an increased chance of inbreeding. In order for isolated populations to maintain sufficient levels of genetic diversity and adapt to environmental changes, one important conservation goal must be to preserve or reestablish connectivity among patches in a fragmented landscape. We studied the last known population of Ambystoma leorae, an endemic and critically threatened species. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the demographic parameters of A. leorae and to distinguish and characterize the microhabitats in the river, (2) to determine the number of existing genetic groups or demes of A. leorae and to describe possible relationships between microhabitats types and demes, (3) to determine gene flow between demes, and (4) to search for geographic locations of genetic discontinuities that limit gene flow between demes. We found three types of microhabitats and three genetically differentiated subpopulations with a significant level of genetic structure. In addition, we found slight genetic barriers. Our results suggest that mole salamander's species are very sensitive to microhabitat features and relatively narrow obstacles in their path. The estimates of bidirectional gene flow are consistent with the pattern of a stepping stone model between demes, where migration occurs between adjacent demes, but there is low gene flow between distant demes. We can also conclude that there is a positive correlation between microhabitats and genetic structure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Sunny
- Estación Biológica Sierra Nanchititla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Octavio Monroy-Vilchis
- Estación Biológica Sierra Nanchititla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Carlos Reyna-Valencia
- Estación Biológica Sierra Nanchititla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Martha M. Zarco-González
- Estación Biológica Sierra Nanchititla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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206
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Taylor ZS, Hoffman SMG. Landscape models for nuclear genetic diversity and genetic structure in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:588-95. [PMID: 24448564 PMCID: PMC4023441 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic changes in the North American landscape over the last 12 000 years have shaped the genomes of the small mammals, such as the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), which currently inhabit the region. However, very recent interactions of populations with each other and the environment are expected to leave the most pronounced signature on rapidly evolving nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed landscape characteristics and microsatellite markers of P. leucopus populations along a transect from southern Ohio to northern Michigan, in order to evaluate hypotheses about the spatial distribution of genetic heterogeneity. Genetic diversity increased to the north and was best approximated by a single-variable model based on habitat availability within a 0.5-km radius of trapping sites. Interpopulation differentiation measured by clustering analysis was highly variable and not significantly related to latitude or habitat availability. Interpopulation differentiation measured as FST values and chord distance was correlated with the proportion of habitat intervening, but was best explained by agricultural distance and by latitude. The observed gradients in diversity and interpopulation differentiation were consistent with recent habitat availability being the major constraint on effective population size in this system, and contradicted the predictions of both the postglacial expansion and core-periphery hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Taylor
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - S M G Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
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207
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Development of genetic structure in a heterogeneous landscape over a short time frame: the reintroduced Asiatic wild ass. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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208
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Cooke GM, Landguth EL, Beheregaray LB. Riverscape genetics identifies replicated ecological divergence across an Amazonian ecotone. Evolution 2014; 68:1947-60. [PMID: 24641091 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation and niche divergence in the absence of a physical barrier to gene flow. The process is one of the most controversial topics of the speciation debate, particularly in tropical regions. Here, we investigate ecologically based divergence across an Amazonian ecotone in the electric fish, Steatogenys elegans. We combine phylogenetics, genome scans, and population genetics with a recently developed individual-based evolutionary landscape genetics approach that incorporates selection. This framework is used to assess the relative contributions of geography and divergent natural selection between environments as biodiversity drivers. We report on two closely related and sympatric lineages that exemplify how divergent selection across a major Amazonian aquatic ecotone (i.e., between rivers with markedly different hydrochemical properties) may result in replicated ecologically mediated speciation. The results link selection across an ecological gradient with reproductive isolation and we propose that assortative mating based on water color may be driving the divergence. Divergence resulting from ecologically driven selection highlights the importance of considering environmental heterogeneity in studies of speciation in tropical regions. Furthermore, we show that framing ecological speciation in a spatially explicit evolutionary landscape genetics framework provides an important first step in exploring a wide range of the potential effects of spatial dependence in natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Cooke
- Molecular Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; The Australian Museum, The Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
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209
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Convey P, Chown SL, Clarke A, Barnes DKA, Bokhorst S, Cummings V, Ducklow HW, Frati F, Green TGA, Gordon S, Griffiths HJ, Howard-Williams C, Huiskes AHL, Laybourn-Parry J, Lyons WB, McMinn A, Morley SA, Peck LS, Quesada A, Robinson SA, Schiaparelli S, Wall DH. The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/12-2216.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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210
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Baumsteiger J, Kinziger AP, Reid SB, Aguilar A. Complex phylogeography and historical hybridization between sister taxa of freshwater sculpin (Cottus). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2602-18. [PMID: 24750456 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species ranges that span different geographic landscapes frequently contain cryptic species- or population-level structure. Identifying these possible diversification factors can often be accomplished under a comparative phylogeographic framework. However, comparisons suffer if previous studies are limited to a particular group or habitat type. In California, a complex landscape has led to several phylogeographic breaks, primarily in terrestrial species. However, two sister taxa of freshwater fish, riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus) and Pit sculpin (Cottus pitensis), display ranges based on morphological identifications that do not coincide with these breaks. Using a comprehensive sampling and nuclear, mitochondrial and microsatellite markers, we hypothesized that proposed species ranges are erroneous based on potential hybridization/gene flow between species. Results identified a phylogeographic signature consistent with this hypothesis, with breaks at the Coast Range Mountains and Sacramento/San Joaquin River confluence. Coastal locations of C. gulosus represent a unique lineage, and 'true' C. gulosus were limited to the San Joaquin basin, both regions under strong anthropogenic influence and potential conservation targets. C. pitensis limits extended historically throughout the Sacramento/Pit River basin but currently are restricted to the Pit River. Interestingly, locations in the Sacramento River contained low levels of ancestral hybridization and gene flow from C. gulosus but now appear to be a distinct population. The remaining population structure was strongly correlated with Sierra Nevada presence (high) or absence (low). This study stresses the importance of testing phylogeographic breaks across multiple taxa/habitats before conservation decisions are made, but also the potential impact of different geographic landscapes on evolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Baumsteiger
- School of Natural Sciences & Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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211
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Driscoll DA, Banks SC, Barton PS, Ikin K, Lentini P, Lindenmayer DB, Smith AL, Berry LE, Burns EL, Edworthy A, Evans MJ, Gibson R, Heinsohn R, Howland B, Kay G, Munro N, Scheele BC, Stirnemann I, Stojanovic D, Sweaney N, Villaseñor NR, Westgate MJ. The trajectory of dispersal research in conservation biology. Systematic review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95053. [PMID: 24743447 PMCID: PMC3990620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal knowledge is essential for conservation management, and demand is growing. But are we accumulating dispersal knowledge at a pace that can meet the demand? To answer this question we tested for changes in dispersal data collection and use over time. Our systematic review of 655 conservation-related publications compared five topics: climate change, habitat restoration, population viability analysis, land planning (systematic conservation planning) and invasive species. We analysed temporal changes in the: (i) questions asked by dispersal-related research; (ii) methods used to study dispersal; (iii) the quality of dispersal data; (iv) extent that dispersal knowledge is lacking, and; (v) likely consequences of limited dispersal knowledge. Research questions have changed little over time; the same problems examined in the 1990s are still being addressed. The most common methods used to study dispersal were occupancy data, expert opinion and modelling, which often provided indirect, low quality information about dispersal. Although use of genetics for estimating dispersal has increased, new ecological and genetic methods for measuring dispersal are not yet widely adopted. Almost half of the papers identified knowledge gaps related to dispersal. Limited dispersal knowledge often made it impossible to discover ecological processes or compromised conservation outcomes. The quality of dispersal data used in climate change research has increased since the 1990s. In comparison, restoration ecology inadequately addresses large-scale process, whilst the gap between knowledge accumulation and growth in applications may be increasing in land planning. To overcome apparent stagnation in collection and use of dispersal knowledge, researchers need to: (i) improve the quality of available data using new approaches; (ii) understand the complementarities of different methods and; (iii) define the value of different kinds of dispersal information for supporting management decisions. Ambitious, multi-disciplinary research programs studying many species are critical for advancing dispersal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don A. Driscoll
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sam C. Banks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Philip S. Barton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Karen Ikin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pia Lentini
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Annabel L. Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laurence E. Berry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Emma L. Burns
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amanda Edworthy
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Maldwyn J. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rob Heinsohn
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Brett Howland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoff Kay
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicola Munro
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ingrid Stirnemann
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Dejan Stojanovic
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nici Sweaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nélida R. Villaseñor
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Martin J. Westgate
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, the NERP Environmental Decisions Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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212
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Plant-species diversity correlates with genetic variation of an oligophagous seed predator. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94105. [PMID: 24728342 PMCID: PMC3984091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several characteristics of habitats of herbivores and their food-plant communities, such as plant-species composition and plant quality, influence population genetics of both herbivores and their host plants. We investigated how different ecological and geographic factors affect genetic variation in and differentiation of 23 populations of the oligophagous seed predator Lygaeus equestris (Heteroptera) in southwestern Finland and in eastern Sweden. We tested whether genetic differentiation of the L. equestris populations was related to the similarity of vegetation, and whether there was more within-population genetic variation in habitats with a high number of plant species or in those with a large population of the primary food plant, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria. We also tested whether genetic differentiation of the populations was related to the geographic distance, and whether location of the populations on islands or on mainland, island size, or population size affected within-population genetic variation. Pairwise FST ranged from 0 to 0.1 indicating low to moderate genetic differentiation of populations. Differentiation increased with geographic distance between the populations, but was not related to the similarity of vegetation between the habitats. Genetic variation within the L. equestris populations did not increase with the population size of the primary food plant. However, the more diverse the plant community the higher was the level of genetic variation within the L. equestris population. Furthermore, the level of genetic variation did not vary significantly between island and mainland populations. The effect of the population size on within-population genetic variation was related to island size. Usually small populations are susceptible to loss of genetic variation, but small L. equestris populations on large islands seemed to maintain a relatively high level of within-population genetic variation. Our findings suggest that, in addition to geographic and species-specific ecological factors, the plant community affects population genetic structure of oligophagous herbivores.
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213
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Fünfstück T, Arandjelovic M, Morgan DB, Sanz C, Breuer T, Stokes EJ, Reed P, Olson SH, Cameron K, Ondzie A, Peeters M, Kühl HS, Cipolletta C, Todd A, Masi S, Doran-Sheehy DM, Bradley BJ, Vigilant L. The genetic population structure of wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) living in continuous rain forest. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:868-78. [PMID: 24700547 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To understand the evolutionary histories and conservation potential of wild animal species it is useful to assess whether taxa are genetically structured into different populations and identify the underlying factors responsible for any clustering. Landscape features such as rivers may influence genetic population structure, and analysis of structure by sex can further reveal effects of sex-specific dispersal. Using microsatellite genotypes obtained from noninvasively collected fecal samples we investigated the population structure of 261 western lowland gorillas (WLGs) (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) from seven locations spanning an approximately 37,000 km(2) region of mainly continuous rain forest within Central African Republic (CAR), Republic of Congo and Cameroon. We found our sample to consist of two or three significantly differentiated clusters. The boundaries of the clusters coincided with courses of major rivers. Moreover, geographic distance detoured around rivers better-explained variation in genetic distance than straight line distance. Together these results suggest that major rivers in our study area play an important role in directing WLG gene flow. The number of clusters did not change when males and females were analyzed separately, indicating a lack of greater philopatry in WLG females than males at this scale.
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214
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Pflüger FJ, Balkenhol N. A plea for simultaneously considering matrix quality and local environmental conditions when analysing landscape impacts on effective dispersal. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2146-56. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Femke J. Pflüger
- Department of Wildlife Sciences; University of Goettingen; Buesgenweg 3 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Department of Wildlife Sciences; University of Goettingen; Buesgenweg 3 Goettingen 37077 Germany
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215
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Kopps AM, Ackermann CY, Sherwin WB, Allen SJ, Bejder L, Krützen M. Cultural transmission of tool use combined with habitat specializations leads to fine-scale genetic structure in bottlenose dolphins. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133245. [PMID: 24648223 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Socially learned behaviours leading to genetic population structure have rarely been described outside humans. Here, we provide evidence of fine-scale genetic structure that has probably arisen based on socially transmitted behaviours in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) in western Shark Bay, Western Australia. We argue that vertical social transmission in different habitats has led to significant geographical genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes. Dolphins with mtDNA haplotypes E or F are found predominantly in deep (more than 10 m) channel habitat, while dolphins with a third haplotype (H) are found predominantly in shallow habitat (less than 10 m), indicating a strong haplotype-habitat correlation. Some dolphins in the deep habitat engage in a foraging strategy using tools. These 'sponging' dolphins are members of one matriline, carrying haplotype E. This pattern is consistent with what had been demonstrated previously at another research site in Shark Bay, where vertical social transmission of sponging had been shown using multiple lines of evidence. Using an individual-based model, we found support that in western Shark Bay, socially transmitted specializations may have led to the observed genetic structure. The reported genetic structure appears to present an example of cultural hitchhiking of mtDNA haplotypes on socially transmitted foraging strategies, suggesting that, as in humans, genetic structure can be shaped through cultural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kopps
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, Evolutionary Genetics Group, Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, , Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland, Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, Centre for Fish, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, , South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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216
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Population genetics of Formica aquilonia wood ants in Scotland: the effects of long-term forest fragmentation and recent reforestation. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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217
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Yineger H, Schmidt DJ, Hughes JM. Genetic structuring of remnant forest patches in an endangered medicinal tree in North-western Ethiopia. BMC Genet 2014; 15:31. [PMID: 24602239 PMCID: PMC4021171 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Habitat loss and fragmentation may have detrimental impacts on genetic diversity, population structure and overall viability of tropical trees. The response of tropical trees to fragmentation processes may, however, be species, cohort or region-specific. Here we test the hypothesis that forest fragmentation is associated with lower genetic variability and higher genetic differentiation in adult and seedling populations of Prunus africana in North-western Ethiopia. This is a floristically impoverished region where all but a few remnant forest patches have been destroyed, mostly by anthropogenic means. Results Genetic diversity (based on allelic richness) was significantly greater in large and less-isolated forest patches as well as in adults than seedlings. Nearly all pairwise FST comparisons showed evidence for significant population genetic differentiation. Mean FST values were significantly greater in seedlings than adults, even after correction for within population diversity, but varied little with patch size or isolation. Conclusions Analysis of long-lived adult trees suggests the formerly contiguous forest in North-western Ethiopia probably exhibited strong spatial patterns of genetic structure. This means that protecting a range of patches including small and isolated ones is needed to conserve the extant genetic resources of the valuable forests in this region. However, given the high livelihood dependence of the local community and the high impact of foreign investors on forest resources of this region, in situ conservation efforts alone may not be helpful. Therefore, these efforts should be supported with ex situ gene conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Yineger
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia.
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218
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Sato JJ, Kawakami T, Tasaka Y, Tamenishi M, Yamaguchi Y. A Few Decades of Habitat Fragmentation has Reduced Population Genetic Diversity: A Case Study of Landscape Genetics of the Large Japanese Field Mouse,Apodemus speciosus. MAMMAL STUDY 2014. [DOI: 10.3106/041.039.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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219
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van Strien MJ, Keller D, Holderegger R, Ghazoul J, Kienast F, Bolliger J. Landscape genetics as a tool for conservation planning: predicting the effects of landscape change on gene flow. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:327-339. [PMID: 24689144 DOI: 10.1890/13-0442.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For conservation managers, it is important to know whether landscape changes lead to increasing or decreasing gene flow. Although the discipline of landscape genetics assesses the influence of landscape elements on gene flow, no studies have yet used landscape-genetic models to predict gene flow resulting from landscape change. A species that has already been severely affected by landscape change is the large marsh grasshopper (Stethophyma grossum), which inhabits moist areas in fragmented agricultural landscapes in Switzerland. From transects drawn between all population pairs within maximum dispersal distance (< 3 km), we calculated several measures of landscape composition as well as some measures of habitat configuration. Additionally, a complete sampling of all populations in our study area allowed incorporating measures of population topology. These measures together with the landscape metrics formed the predictor variables in linear models with gene flow as response variable (F(ST) and mean pairwise assignment probability). With a modified leave-one-out cross-validation approach, we selected the model with the highest predictive accuracy. With this model, we predicted gene flow under several landscape-change scenarios, which simulated construction, rezoning or restoration projects, and the establishment of a new population. For some landscape-change scenarios, significant increase or decrease in gene flow was predicted, while for others little change was forecast. Furthermore, we found that the measures of population topology strongly increase model fit in landscape genetic analysis. This study demonstrates the use of predictive landscape-genetic models in conservation and landscape planning.
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220
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Castillo JA, Epps CW, Davis AR, Cushman SA. Landscape effects on gene flow for a climate-sensitive montane species, the American pika. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:843-56. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Castillo
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Clinton W. Epps
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Anne R. Davis
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Oregon State University; 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Samuel A. Cushman
- U.S. Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr. Flagstaff AZ 86001 USA
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221
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Duforet-Frebourg N, Blum MGB. Nonstationary patterns of isolation-by-distance: inferring measures of local genetic differentiation with Bayesian kriging. Evolution 2014; 68:1110-23. [PMID: 24372175 PMCID: PMC4285919 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of isolation-by-distance (IBD) arise when population differentiation increases with increasing geographic distances. Patterns of IBD are usually caused by local spatial dispersal, which explains why differences of allele frequencies between populations accumulate with distance. However, spatial variations of demographic parameters such as migration rate or population density can generate nonstationary patterns of IBD where the rate at which genetic differentiation accumulates varies across space. To characterize nonstationary patterns of IBD, we infer local genetic differentiation based on Bayesian kriging. Local genetic differentiation for a sampled population is defined as the average genetic differentiation between the sampled population and fictive neighboring populations. To avoid defining populations in advance, the method can also be applied at the scale of individuals making it relevant for landscape genetics. Inference of local genetic differentiation relies on a matrix of pairwise similarity or dissimilarity between populations or individuals such as matrices of FST between pairs of populations. Simulation studies show that maps of local genetic differentiation can reveal barriers to gene flow but also other patterns such as continuous variations of gene flow across habitat. The potential of the method is illustrated with two datasets: single nucleotide polymorphisms from human Swedish populations and dominant markers for alpine plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Duforet-Frebourg
- Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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222
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The influence of contemporary and historic landscape features on the genetic structure of the sand dune endemic, Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:519-30. [PMID: 24398882 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow endemics are at risk from climate change because of their restricted habitat preferences, lower colonization ability and dispersal distances. Landscape genetics combines new tools and analyses that allow us to test how both past and present landscape features have facilitated or hindered previous range expansion and local migration patterns, and thereby identifying potential limitations to future range shifts. We have compared current and historic habitat corridors in Cirsium pitcheri, an endemic of the linear dune ecosystem of the Great Lakes, to determine the relative contributions of contemporary migration and post-glacial range expansion on genetic structure. We used seven microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic structure for 24 populations of Cirsium pitcheri, spanning the center to periphery of the range. We tested genetic distance against different measures of geographic distance and landscape permeability, based on contemporary and historic landscape features. We found moderate genetic structure (Fst=0.14), and a north-south pattern to the distribution of genetic diversity and inbreeding, with northern populations having the highest diversity and lowest levels of inbreeding. High allelic diversity, small average pairwise distances and mixed genetic clusters identified in Structure suggest that populations in the center of the range represent the point of entry to the Lake Michigan and a refugium of diversity for this species. A strong association between genetic distances and lake-level changes suggests that historic lake fluctuations best explain the broad geographic patterns, and sandy habitat best explains local patterns of movement.
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223
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Scriber JM. Climate-Driven Reshuffling of Species and Genes: Potential Conservation Roles for Species Translocations and Recombinant Hybrid Genotypes. INSECTS 2013; 5:1-61. [PMID: 26462579 PMCID: PMC4592632 DOI: 10.3390/insects5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprising 50%-75% of the world's fauna, insects are a prominent part of biodiversity in communities and ecosystems globally. Biodiversity across all levels of biological classifications is fundamentally based on genetic diversity. However, the integration of genomics and phylogenetics into conservation management may not be as rapid as climate change. The genetics of hybrid introgression as a source of novel variation for ecological divergence and evolutionary speciation (and resilience) may generate adaptive potential and diversity fast enough to respond to locally-altered environmental conditions. Major plant and herbivore hybrid zones with associated communities deserve conservation consideration. This review addresses functional genetics across multi-trophic-level interactions including "invasive species" in various ecosystems as they may become disrupted in different ways by rapid climate change. "Invasive genes" (into new species and populations) need to be recognized for their positive creative potential and addressed in conservation programs. "Genetic rescue" via hybrid translocations may provide needed adaptive flexibility for rapid adaptation to environmental change. While concerns persist for some conservationists, this review emphasizes the positive aspects of hybrids and hybridization. Specific implications of natural genetic introgression are addressed with a few examples from butterflies, including transgressive phenotypes and climate-driven homoploid recombinant hybrid speciation. Some specific examples illustrate these points using the swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) with their long-term historical data base (phylogeographical diversity changes) and recent (3-decade) climate-driven temporal and genetic divergence in recombinant homoploid hybrids and relatively recent hybrid speciation of Papilio appalachiensis in North America. Climate-induced "reshuffling" (recombinations) of species composition, genotypes, and genomes may become increasingly ecologically and evolutionarily predictable, but future conservation management programs are more likely to remain constrained by human behavior than by lack of academic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mark Scriber
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, MI 48824, USA.
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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224
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Anstett DN, O'Brien H, Larsen EW, McMullin RT, Fortin MJ. Dispersal analysis of three Peltigera species based on landscape genetics data. Mycology 2013; 4:187-195. [PMID: 24605248 PMCID: PMC3932805 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2013.875955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens can either disperse sexually through fungal spores or asexually through vegetative propagules and fragmentation. Understanding how genetic variation in lichens is distributed across a landscape can be useful to infer dispersal and establishment events in space and time as well as the conditions needed for this establishment. Most studies have sampled lichens across large spatial distances on the order of hundreds of kilometers, while here we sequence the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for 113 samples of three Peltigera species sampling at a variety of small spatial scales. The maximum distance between sampled lichens was 3.7 km and minimum distance was approximately 20 cm. We find significant amounts of genetic diversity across all three species. For P. praetextata, two out of the three most common ITS genotypes exhibit spatial autocorrelation supporting short-range dispersal. Using rarefaction we estimate that all ITS genotypes in our sampling area have been found for P. praetextata and P. evansiana, but not P. canina. Comparing our results with other ITS data in the literature provides evidence for global dispersal for at least one sequence followed by the evolution of endemic haplotypes with wide dispersal and rare haplotypes with more local dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Anstett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N., Mississauga, ON, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Heath O'Brien
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG UK
| | - Ellen W. Larsen
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - R. Troy McMullin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2
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225
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Integrating phylogenetics, phylogeography and population genetics through genomes and evolutionary theory. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:1172-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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226
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Soare TW, Kumar A, Naish KA, O'Donnell S. Genetic evidence for landscape effects on dispersal in the army ant Eciton burchellii. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:96-109. [PMID: 24372755 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibited dispersal, leading to reduced gene flow, threatens populations with inbreeding depression and local extinction. Fragmentation may be especially detrimental to social insects because inhibited gene flow has important consequences for cooperation and competition within and among colonies. Army ants have winged males and permanently wingless queens; these traits imply male-biased dispersal. However, army ant colonies are obligately nomadic and have the potential to traverse landscapes. Eciton burchellii, the most regularly nomadic army ant, is a forest interior species: colony raiding activities are limited in the absence of forest cover. To examine whether nomadism and landscape (forest clearing and elevation) affect population genetic structure in a montane E. burchellii population, we reconstructed queen and male genotypes from 25 colonies at seven polymorphic microsatellite loci. Pairwise genetic distances among individuals were compared to pairwise geographical and resistance distances using regressions with permutations, partial Mantel tests and random forests analyses. Although there was no significant spatial genetic structure in queens or males in montane forest, dispersal may be male-biased. We found significant isolation by landscape resistance for queens based on land cover (forest clearing), but not on elevation. Summed colony emigrations over the lifetime of the queen may contribute to gene flow in this species and forest clearing impedes these movements and subsequent gene dispersal. Further forest cover removal may increasingly inhibit Eciton burchellii colony dispersal. We recommend maintaining habitat connectivity in tropical forests to promote population persistence for this keystone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Soare
- Animal Behavior Program, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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227
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Joly S, Davies TJ, Archambault A, Bruneau A, Derry A, Kembel SW, Peres-Neto P, Vamosi J, Wheeler TA. Ecology in the age of DNA barcoding: the resource, the promise and the challenges ahead. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 14:221-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale; Département de sciences biologiques; Université de Montréal; 4101 Sherbrooke East Montréal Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
- Montreal Botanical Garden; 4101 Sherbrooke East Montréal Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Biology Department; McGill University; 1205 Dr Penfield Montréal Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Annie Archambault
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science; 1205 Dr Penfield Montréal Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale; Département de sciences biologiques; Université de Montréal; 4101 Sherbrooke East Montréal Quebec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - Alison Derry
- Département des sciences biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy Montréal Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Steven W. Kembel
- Département des sciences biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy Montréal Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Pedro Peres-Neto
- Département des sciences biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy Montréal Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - Jana Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Terry A. Wheeler
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences; McGill University; Macdonald Campus Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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228
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Petren
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio 45221
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229
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Tetushkin EY. Landscape and ecological genomics. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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230
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Manel S, Holderegger R. Ten years of landscape genetics. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:614-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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231
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Hahn T, Kettle CJ, Ghazoul J, Hennig EI, Pluess AR. Landscape Composition Has Limited Impact on Local Genetic Structure in Mountain Clover, Trifolium montanum L. J Hered 2013; 104:842-52. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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232
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Drechsler A, Geller D, Freund K, Schmeller DS, Künzel S, Rupp O, Loyau A, Denoël M, Valbuena-Ureña E, Steinfartz S. What remains from a 454 run: estimation of success rates of microsatellite loci development in selected newt species (Calotriton asper, Lissotriton helveticus, and Triturus cristatus) and comparison with Illumina-based approaches. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3947-57. [PMID: 24198952 PMCID: PMC3810887 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of microsatellite loci has become more efficient using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, and many studies imply that the amount of applicable loci is large. However, few studies have sought to quantify the number of loci that are retained for use out of the thousands of sequence reads initially obtained. We analyzed the success rate of microsatellite loci development for three amphibian species using a 454 NGS approach on tetra-nucleotide motif-enriched species-specific libraries. The number of sequence reads obtained differed strongly between species and ranged from 19,562 for Triturus cristatus to 55,626 for Lissotriton helveticus, with 52,075 reads obtained for Calotriton asper. PHOBOS was used to identify sequences with tetra-nucleotide repeat motifs with a minimum repeat number of ten and high quality primer binding sites. Of 107 sequences for T. cristatus, 316 for C. asper and 319 for L. helveticus, we tested the amplification success, polymorphism, and degree of heterozygosity for 41 primer combinations each for C. asper and T. cristatus, and 22 for L. helveticus. We found 11 polymorphic loci for T. cristatus, 20 loci for C. asper, and 15 loci for L. helveticus. Extrapolated, the number of potentially amplifiable loci (PALs) resulted in estimated species-specific success rates of 0.15% (T. cristatus), 0.30% (C. asper), and 0.39% (L. helveticus). Compared with representative Illumina NGS approaches, our applied 454-sequencing approach on specifically enriched sublibraries proved to be quite competitive in terms of success rates and number of finally applicable loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Drechsler
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Unit of Molecular Ecology and Behavior, University of Bielefeld Morgenbreede 45, D-33619, Bielefeld, Germany
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233
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Garrido-Garduño T, Vázquez-Domínguez E. Métodos de análisis genéticos, espaciales y de conectividad en genética del paisaje. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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234
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Genetic Diversity of Black Salamanders (Aneides flavipunctatus) across Watersheds in the Klamath Mountains. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/d5030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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235
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McCulloch ES, Tello JS, Whitehead A, Rolón-Mendoza CMJ, Maldonado-Rodríguez MCD, Stevens RD. Fragmentation of Atlantic forest has not affected gene flow of a widespread seed-dispersing bat. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4619-33. [PMID: 23909879 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss and resultant fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity, particularly in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. It is increasingly urgent to understand fragmentation effects, which are often complex and vary across taxa, time and space. We determined whether recent fragmentation of Atlantic forest is causing population subdivision in a widespread and important Neotropical seed disperser: Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Genetic structure within highly fragmented forest in Paraguay was compared to that in mostly contiguous forest in neighbouring Misiones, Argentina. Further, observed genetic structure across the fragmented landscape was compared with expected levels of structure for similar time spans in realistic simulated landscapes under different degrees of reduction in gene flow. If fragmentation significantly reduced successful dispersal, greater population differentiation and stronger isolation by distance would be expected in the fragmented than in the continuous landscape, and genetic structure in the fragmented landscape should be similar to structure for simulated landscapes where dispersal had been substantially reduced. Instead, little genetic differentiation was observed, and no significant correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance in fragmented or continuous landscapes. Furthermore, comparison of empirical and simulated landscapes indicated empirical results were consistent with regular long-distance dispersal and high migration rates. Our results suggest maintenance of high gene flow for this relatively mobile and generalist species, which could be preventing or significantly delaying reduction in population connectivity in fragmented habitat. Our conclusions apply to A. lituratus in Interior Atlantic Forest, and do not contradict broad evidence that habitat fragmentation is contributing to extinction of populations and species, and poses a threat to biodiversity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve S McCulloch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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236
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Levy E, Tomkins JL, LeBas NR, Kennington WJ. Contrasting effects of landscape features on genetic structure in different geographic regions in the ornate dragon lizard,Ctenophorus ornatus. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3904-15. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Levy
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; M092 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Joseph L. Tomkins
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; M092 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Natasha R. LeBas
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; M092 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - W. Jason Kennington
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology; The University of Western Australia; M092 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia
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237
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Scharnweber K, Watanabe K, Syväranta J, Wanke T, Monaghan MT, Mehner T. Effects of predation pressure and resource use on morphological divergence in omnivorous prey fish. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:132. [PMID: 23802571 PMCID: PMC3702407 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body shape is one of the most variable traits of organisms and responds to a broad array of local selective forces. In freshwater fish, divergent body shapes within single species have been repeatedly observed along the littoral-pelagic axes of lakes, where the structural complexity of near shore habitats provides a more diverse set of resources compared to the open-water zones. It remains poorly understood whether similar resource-driven polymorphism occurs among lakes that vary in structural complexity and predation pressure, and whether this variation is heritable. Here, we analyzed body shape in four populations of omnivorous roach (Rutilus rutilus) inhabiting shallow lakes. We tested the relationship between body shape, gradients of resources, predation pressure, and, in a subset of two lakes, diet composition. We used genome scans of 331 polymorphic AFLP markers to test whether there was a heritable component to the observed morphological diversification. Results Body shape differed among lakes and was significantly correlated to differences in predation pressure. Roach from the lake with highest predation pressure were most divergent from the average body shape of all populations, characterized by a more streamlined body and caudally inserted dorsal fins; features that facilitate predator escape. Surprisingly, diet composition was not associated with morphology. AFLP analysis revealed weak genetic differentiation among lakes and no isolation by distance (IBD). Outlier analysis detected three loci under positive selection with differing frequencies in the four populations. General linear models did not support an association of lake-specific genotypes with morphological variation. Conclusion Body shape was divergent among lakes, suggesting that processes previously reported from within single lakes may also be operating at the scale of whole lakes. We found no evidence for body shape being heritable, although sample size was small in these natural populations. Rather than habitat structure and diet, we conclude that predation had a stronger effect on the prevalence of local morphotypes. A variable morphotype facilitating the efficient uptake of a variety of spatially and temporarily scattered resources seems to be favored in these small aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
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238
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Wei X, Meng H, Jiang M. Landscape genetic structure of a Streamside tree species Euptelea pleiospermum (Eupteleaceae): contrasting roles of river valley and mountain ridge. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66928. [PMID: 23825588 PMCID: PMC3692547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used landscape genetics and statistical models to test how landscape features influence connectivity or create barriers to dispersal for a mountain riparian tree species, Euptelea pleiospermum. Young leaves from 1078 individuals belonging to 36 populations at elevations of 900-2000 m along upper reaches of four rivers were genotyped using eight nuclear microsatellite markers. We found no evidence for the unidirectional dispersal hypothesis in E. pleiospermum within each river. The linear dispersal pattern along each river valley is mostly consistent with the "classical metapopulaton" model. Mountain ridges separating rivers were genetic barriers for this wind-pollinated tree species with anemochorous seeds, whereas river valleys provided important corridors for dispersal. Gene flow among populations along elevational gradients within each river prevails over gene flow among populations at similar elevations but from different rivers. This pattern of gene flow is likely to promote elevational range shifts of plant populations and to hinder local adaptation along elevational gradients. This study provides a paradigm to determine which of the two strategies (migration or adaptation) will be adopted by mountain riparian plants under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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239
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Brouat C, Rahelinirina S, Loiseau A, Rahalison L, Rajerison M, Laffly D, Handschumacher P, Duplantier JM. Plague circulation and population genetics of the reservoir Rattus rattus: the influence of topographic relief on the distribution of the disease within the Madagascan focus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2266. [PMID: 23755317 PMCID: PMC3674990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Landscape may affect the distribution of infectious diseases by influencing the population density and dispersal of hosts and vectors. Plague (Yersinia pestis infection) is a highly virulent, re-emerging disease, the ecology of which has been scarcely studied in Africa. Human seroprevalence data for the major plague focus of Madagascar suggest that plague spreads heterogeneously across the landscape as a function of the relief. Plague is primarily a disease of rodents. We therefore investigated the relationship between disease distribution and the population genetic structure of the black rat, Rattus rattus, the main reservoir of plague in Madagascar. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a comparative study of plague seroprevalence and genetic structure (15 microsatellite markers) in rat populations from four geographic areas differing in topology, each covering about 150-200 km(2) within the Madagascan plague focus. The seroprevalence levels in the rat populations mimicked those previously reported for humans. As expected, rat populations clearly displayed a more marked genetic structure with increasing relief. However, the relationship between seroprevalence data and genetic structure differs between areas, suggesting that plague distribution is not related everywhere to the effective dispersal of rats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Genetic diversity estimates suggested that plague epizootics had only a weak impact on rat population sizes. In the highlands of Madagascar, plague dissemination cannot be accounted for solely by the effective dispersal of the reservoir. Human social activities may also be involved in spreading the disease in rat and human populations.
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240
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He Q, Edwards DL, Knowles LL. INTEGRATIVE TESTING OF HOW ENVIRONMENTS FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT SHAPE GENETIC STRUCTURE ACROSS LANDSCAPES. Evolution 2013; 67:3386-402. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin He
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Danielle L. Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06520
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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241
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Gabrielsen CG, Kovach AI, Babbitt KJ, McDowell WH. Limited effects of suburbanization on the genetic structure of an abundant vernal pool-breeding amphibian. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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242
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Lozier JD, Strange JP, Koch JB. Landscape heterogeneity predicts gene flow in a widespread polymorphic bumble bee, Bombus bifarius (Hymenoptera: Apidae). CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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243
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Wang IJ. EXAMINING THE FULL EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE HETEROGENEITY ON SPATIAL GENETIC VARIATION: A MULTIPLE MATRIX REGRESSION APPROACH FOR QUANTIFYING GEOGRAPHIC AND ECOLOGICAL ISOLATION. Evolution 2013; 67:3403-11. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Wang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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244
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Holderegger R, Gugerli F. Where do you come from, where do you go? Directional migration rates in landscape genetics. Mol Ecol 2013; 21:5640-2. [PMID: 23310963 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identifying landscape elements that influence gene flow and migration in wild species is the current main topic of landscape genetics. Most landscape genetic studies infer gene flow and migration from genetic distances among populations or individuals and statistically relate these measurements to landscape composition and configuration. This approach assumes symmetrical gene flow between pairs of populations. Such an assumption, however, will often be violated, especially in source–sink systems. Source populations provide more emigrants than they receive immigrants, and sink populations get many immigrants, but release few emigrants. Source–sink dynamics cannot be explored using common landscape genetic approaches relying on genetic distances. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Andreasen et al. (2012) apply an alternative approach allowing them to infer asymmetrical migration. They use a Bayesian assignment test among objectively defined populations of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in western USA to estimate recent and directional migration rates. The study shows that an area with a high amount of wildlife refuges and low hunting pressure harbours a source population for mountain lion dispersal, while areas with high hunting pressures form sink populations; a result helpful in making informed decisions in conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Holderegger
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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245
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Andrew RL, Bernatchez L, Bonin A, Buerkle CA, Carstens BC, Emerson BC, Garant D, Giraud T, Kane NC, Rogers SM, Slate J, Smith H, Sork VL, Stone GN, Vines TH, Waits L, Widmer A, Rieseberg LH. A road map for molecular ecology. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2605-26. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose L. Andrew
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- DInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systémes; Département de Biologie; 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 Université Joseph Fourier; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - C. Alex. Buerkle
- Department of Botany; University of Wyoming; 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Bryan C. Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; 318 W. 12th Ave. The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 La Laguna Tenerife; Canary Islands 38206 Spain
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR 8079 CNRS-UPS-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 360 Univ. Paris Sud; 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Nolan C. Kane
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Sean M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jon Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Harry Smith
- 79 Melton Road Burton-on-the-Wolds Loughborough LE12 5TQ UK
| | - Victoria L. Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 4139 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT UK
| | - Timothy H. Vines
- Molecular Ecology Editorial Office; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lisette Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences; University of Idaho; 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1136 Moscow ID 83844 USA
| | - Alex Widmer
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Integrative Biology; Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Loren H. Rieseberg
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. 3 St., Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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246
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Lee CR, Mitchell-Olds T. Complex trait divergence contributes to environmental niche differentiation in ecological speciation of Boechera stricta. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2204-17. [PMID: 23432437 PMCID: PMC3618598 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecological factors may contribute to reproductive isolation if differential local adaptation causes immigrant or hybrid fitness reduction. Because local adaptation results from the interaction between natural selection and adaptive traits, it is crucial to investigate both to understand ecological speciation. Previously, we used niche modelling to identify local water availability as an environmental correlate of incipient ecological speciation between two subspecies in Boechera stricta, a close relative of Arabidopsis. Here, we performed several large-scale glasshouse experiments to investigate the divergence of various physiological, phenological and morphological traits. Although we found no significant difference in physiological traits, the Western subspecies has significantly faster growth rate, larger leaf area, less succulent leaves, delayed reproductive time and longer flowering duration. These trait differences are concordant with previous results that habitats of the Western genotypes have more consistent water availability, while Eastern genotypes inhabit locations with more ephemeral water supplies. In addition, by comparing univariate and multivariate divergence of complex traits (Q(ST)) to the genomewide distribution of SNP FST , we conclude that the aspects of phenology and morphology (but not physiology) are under divergent selection. In addition, we also identified several highly diverged traits without obvious water-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ruei Lee
- Department of Biology, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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247
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Duckett PE, Wilson PD, Stow AJ. Keeping up with the neighbours: using a genetic measurement of dispersal and species distribution modelling to assess the impact of climate change on an
A
ustralian arid zone gecko (
G
ehyra variegata
). DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Duckett
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Peter D. Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Adam J. Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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248
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Berkman LK, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Heist EJ. Resistance is futile: effects of landscape features on gene flow of the northern bobwhite. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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249
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250
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Keller D, Holderegger R, van Strien MJ. Spatial scale affects landscape genetic analysis of a wetland grasshopper. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2467-82. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Keller
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute; Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Universitätsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rolf Holderegger
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute; Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Universitätsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Maarten J. van Strien
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute; Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zurich; Universitätsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
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