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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Iype M, Thomas SV. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cognitive neurodevelopmental disorders: Cause or effect? Mitochondrion 2023; 69:18-32. [PMID: 36621534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a crucial role in brain development and neurogenesis, both in embryonic and adult brains. Since the brain is the highest energy consuming organ, it is highly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. This has been implicated in a range of brain disorders including, neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric illnesses, and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear DNA encoding mitochondrial proteins, have been associated with several cognitive disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of these conditions or a secondary effect. Our review article deals with this topic, and brings out recent advances in mitochondria-oriented therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of a subset of disorders involving cognitive impairment. In these patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be the cause of the condition, rather than the consequence. There are vast areas in this topic that remains to be explored and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Dept. of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Iype
- Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, Kerala, India; Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Dept. of Neurology, ICCONS, Thiruvananthapuram 695 033, Kerala, India
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202
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Colvett I, Saternos H, Coughlan C, Vielle A, Ledreux A. Extracellular vesicles from the CNS play pivotal roles in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration: lessons from in vitro experiments. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:72-89. [PMID: 37859665 PMCID: PMC10586524 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication between diverse cell types is crucial for the maintenance of the central nervous system, and exosomes have been shown to play an important role in this process. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released by all cell types and carry cargoes that can elicit downstream effects in recipient cells. Exosomal communication in the central nervous system has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from Alzheimer's disease to major depressive disorder. Though there remain many unknowns in the field of EV biology, in vitro experiments can provide many insights into their potential roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the findings of many in vitro EV experiments, with a focus on the potential roles in regulating cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurite integrity in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Colvett
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Hannah Saternos
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Anne Vielle
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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203
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Dobrek L, Głowacka K. Depression and Its Phytopharmacotherapy-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054772. [PMID: 36902200 PMCID: PMC10003400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental health disorder that develops as a result of complex psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological disturbances. This disease presents with mood disturbances, persistent sadness, loss of interest and impaired cognition, which causes distress to the patient and significantly affects the ability to function and have a satisfying family, social and professional life. Depression requires comprehensive management, including pharmacological treatment. Because pharmacotherapy of depression is a long-term process associated with the risk of numerous adverse drug effects, much attention is paid to alternative therapy methods, including phytopharmacotherapy, especially in treating mild or moderate depression. Preclinical studies and previous clinical studies confirm the antidepressant activity of active compounds in plants, such as St. John's wort, saffron crocus, lemon balm and lavender, or less known in European ethnopharmacology, roseroot, ginkgo, Korean ginseng, borage, brahmi, mimosa tree and magnolia bark. The active compounds in these plants exert antidepressive effects in similar mechanisms to those found in synthetic antidepressants. The description of phytopharmacodynamics includes inhibiting monoamine reuptake and monoamine oxidase activity and complex, agonistic or antagonistic effects on multiple central nervous system (CNS) receptors. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the anti-inflammatory effect is also important to the antidepressant activity of the plants mentioned above in light of the hypothesis that immunological disorders of the CNS are a significant pathogenetic factor of depression. This narrative review results from a traditional, non-systematic literature review. It briefly discusses the pathophysiology, symptomatology and treatment of depression, with a particular focus on the role of phytopharmacology in its treatment. It provides the mechanisms of action revealed in experimental studies of active ingredients isolated from herbal antidepressants and presents the results of selected clinical studies confirming their antidepressant effectiveness.
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204
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Dietary energy restriction in neurological diseases: what's new? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:573-588. [PMID: 36369305 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy-restricted diet is a specific dietary regimen, including the continuous energy-restricted diet and the intermittent energy-restricted diet. It has been proven effective not only to reduce weight and extend the lifespan in animal models, but also to regulate the development and progression of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases (stroke), neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis). However, the mechanism in this field is still not clear and a systematic neurological summary is still missing. In this review, we first give a brief summary of the definition and mainstream strategies of energy restrictions. We then review evidence about the effects of energy-restricted diet from both animal models and human trials, and update the current understanding of mechanisms underlying the biological role of energy-restricted diet in the fight against neurological diseases. Our review thus contributes to the modification of dietary regimen and the search for special diet mimics.
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205
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Weber ADAP, Bulegon JS, de Souza MD, Vendrame SA, Venturini L, Mombaque dos Santos W, Gonçalves TDL. Clinical, demographic and oxidative profile of patients with COVID-19 and disease severity. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115886. [PMID: 36657361 PMCID: PMC9801695 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to profile the clinical progression, demographics, and oxidative status of COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity. The study included 143 participants: 93 patients with COVID-19 (28 outpatients, 65 inpatients), and 50 control participants. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was used as an oxidative damage marker. Antioxidant activity was assessed via quantification of Vitamin C, sulfhydryl groups, ferric reduction ability of plasma (FRAP), Uric acid (UA), and evaluation of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) enzymatic activity. Geriatric patients, especially men, with comorbidities such as obesity and/or chronic diseases were more likely to develop the most severe form of COVID-19. The activity of the δ-ALA-D was lower in inpatients, and there was no significant difference with the outpatient. Antioxidants decreased in COVID-19 groups, while lipid peroxidation increased. FRAP and Vitamin C decreased with evolution of the disease. Oxidative stress could be used as a predictor of worsening clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Azambuja Pias Weber
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil,Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 55 32208749; fax: +55 55 3220 8018
| | - Jovana Simonetti Bulegon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Manoela Dias de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Silmara Ana Vendrame
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thissiane de Lima Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Healthy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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206
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Voronkova KV, Alieva AM, Nikitin IG, Musina GM, Surskaya EV, Zaitseva OS, Mashkevich NG, Gomonova LV, Petrukhin AS. [The role of the phenosanic acid in the combined treatment of patients with epilepsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:151-157. [PMID: 36843473 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123021151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most studied chronic neurological disorders in the world. Despite significant progress in epilepsy research, some patients continue to experience recurrent seizures. It has been proven that oxidative stress plays an important role in epilepsy. Targeting oxidative stress may provide a novel therapeutic intervention to attenuate epileptogenesis as well as cognitive and psychiatric impairment in patients with epilepsy. One of the promising directions in the search for new strategies for the treatment of epilepsy is the combined use of antiepileptic drugs with antioxidants that affect the pathogenetic links of this disease. The new Russian antiepileptic drug fenosanoic acid (Dibufelon) has an anticonvulsant effect due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of brain cells and the reconstruction of cell membranes. This mechanism of action also paves the way for an increase in the effectiveness of co-administered drugs with phenosanoic acid. The effect of the drug on the cognitive and mental functions of patients, the regression of asthenia phenomena is also observed. The clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of this drug with other antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy has been demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Voronkova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Alieva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Nikitin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G M Musina
- Medical Center NORIS, Sterlitamak, Russia
| | - E V Surskaya
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Zaitseva
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Mashkevich
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Gomonova
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Petrukhin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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207
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Lanou AJ, Mast AC, Hill BD, Kim SS, Hanaway P. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of a Novel Dietary Supplement (Braini) on Standardized CNS Vital Signs Cognitive Performance Parameters in Adults. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:303-312. [PMID: 36856456 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To test the effectiveness of a novel dietary supplement as a support for cognitive function in healthy younger and older adults Design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the dietary supplement, Braini® in two age cohorts with 60 participants: 31 healthy younger adults (18-30 years) and 29 healthy older adults (55-80 years). Intervention: A 28-day intervention of a dietary supplement (active or placebo) taken daily with cognitive assessment using CNS Vital Signs computer-based testing at day 0 and 28. Participants were asked to fill out a daily survey regarding compliance with supplement protocol, changes in health, adherence to the protocol, and reported side effects. CNS Vital Signs provides aged normed aggregated outcome measures for Processing Speed, Psychomotor Speed, Reaction Time, Cognitive Flexibility, Executive Function, and Motor Speed. Results: Significant improvements in performance were found for two CNS Vital Signs domains, Cognitive Flexibility (p = 0.048), and Executive Function (p = 0.025) in the treated younger adults (n = 12) compared with the placebo group (n = 19) at day 28 compared with baseline. The Shifting Attention Test Reaction Time (SAT-RT), a measure of shifting attention correct response reaction time, showed significant improvement at 28 days in those taking Braini in both younger (p = 0.004) and older adult cohorts (p = 0.05) with an average improvement over the control subjects of 44%. No serious side effects were reported. Conclusions: The dietary formulation, Braini, safely and significantly improved cognitive flexibility and executive function in younger adults and trended positively in older adults in this study that was stopped prematurely due to pandemic restrictions. Scores on SAT-RT significantly improved in both younger and older adults. Further studies are needed to confirm that Braini reliably improves cognitive function in additional CNS domains in healthy adults (Clinicaltrials.gov under registration number: NCT04025255).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Joy Lanou
- Department of Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aubrey C Mast
- Department of Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Precision Medicision Research Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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208
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Lin L, Li C, Li T, Zheng J, Shu Y, Zhang J, Shen Y, Ren D. Plant‐derived peptides for the improvement of Alzheimer's disease: Production, functions, and mechanisms. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Like Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Difeng Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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209
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Synthesis of New Shogaol Analogues as NRF2 Activators and Evaluation of Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Modes of Action and Metabolic Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020475. [PMID: 36830033 PMCID: PMC9951879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
6-shogaol is a natural and the most potent bioactive vanilloid in dried Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Many scientific studies have reported the diverse biological activities of 6-shogaol. However, the major drawback of 6-shogaol is its instability at room temperature. We synthesised new shogaol thiophene compounds (STCs) by replacing the pentyl group in the sidechain with thiophene derivatives. The STCs were tested for their nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation ability in murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c-7) by determining their NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inducing ability and expression of NRF2-associated antioxidant genes. The anti-inflammatory activity of STCs was determined in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPSEc)-stimulated NR2-proficient and -silenced mouse microglial cells (BV-2) by measuring the inflammatory markers, cytokines, and mediators. The modes of action (interacting with the Kelch domain of KEAP1, covalent bonding with cysteines of KEAP1, and inhibition of GSK-3β enzyme activity) of NRF2 activation by STCs were determined using commercially available kits. The in vitro metabolic stability of the STCs in liver microsomes (humans, rats, and mice) was also investigated. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to identify the binding poses, stability, and molecular interactions of the STCs in the binding pockets of Kelch and BTB domains of KEAP1 and GSK-3β enzyme. The new STCs were synthesised in good yields of > 85%, with a purity of about 95%, using a novel synthesis method by employing a reusable proline-proline dipeptide catalyst. The STCs are more potent than 6-shogaol in activating NRF2 and reducing inflammation. The nature of substituents on thiophene has a profound influence on the bioactivity of the STCs. Phenylthiophene STC (STC5) is the most potent, while thiophenes containing electron-withdrawing groups showed weaker bioactivity. The bioactivity of 6-shogaol is in the micromolar range, whereas STC5 showed bioactivity in the sub micromolar range. The STCs showed anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2-dependent and NRF2-independent mechanisms. The STCs improved NRF2 activity through multiple (KEAP1-independent and -dependent) mechanisms. The STCs showed decreased reactivity with thiols than 6-shogaol and thus may possess fewer side-effects than 6-shogaol. The STCs were more metabolically stable than 6-shogaol.
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210
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Isaev NK, Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV. Antioxidant Thymoquinone and Its Potential in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020433. [PMID: 36829993 PMCID: PMC9952318 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic factors of neuron damage in neurodegenerative processes; this makes it an important therapeutic target to which the action of neuroprotectors should be directed. One of these drugs is thymoquinone. According to modern data, this substance has a wide range of pharmacological activity, including neuroprotective, which was demonstrated in experimental modeling of various neurodegenerative diseases and pathological conditions of the brain. The neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone is largely due to its antioxidant ability. Currently available data show that thymoquinone is an effective means to reduce the negative consequences of acute and chronic forms of cerebral pathology, leading to the normalization of the content of antioxidant enzymes and preventing an increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products. Antioxidant properties make this substance a promising basis for the development of prototypes of therapeutic agents aimed at the treatment of a number of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K. Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena V. Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-9171908
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211
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Structure, Activation, and Regulation of NOX2: At the Crossroad between the Innate Immunity and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Pathologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020429. [PMID: 36829988 PMCID: PMC9952346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that participates in the generation of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a key role in several biological functions. Among seven known NOX isoforms, NOX2 was the first identified in phagocytes but is also expressed in several other cell types including endothelial cells, platelets, microglia, neurons, and muscle cells. NOX2 has been assigned multiple roles in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, and human and mouse models of NOX2 genetic deletion highlighted this key role. On the other side, NOX2 hyperactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases with different etiologies but all are characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory process. From this point of view, the modulation of NOX2 represents an important therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the damage associated with its hyperactivation. Although pharmacological strategies to selectively modulate NOX2 are implemented thanks to new biotechnologies, this field of research remains to be explored. Therefore, in this review, we analyzed the role of NOX2 at the crossroads between immunity and pathologies mediated by its hyperactivation. We described (1) the mechanisms of activation and regulation, (2) human, mouse, and cellular models studied to understand the role of NOX2 as an enzyme of innate immunity, (3) some of the pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and (4) the inhibitory strategies, with reference to the most recent discoveries.
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212
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Puentes-Díaz N, Chaparro D, Morales-Morales D, Flores-Gaspar A, Alí-Torres J. Role of Metal Cations of Copper, Iron, and Aluminum and Multifunctional Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease: Experimental and Computational Insights. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4508-4526. [PMID: 36777601 PMCID: PMC9909689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people around the world. Even though the causes of AD are not completely understood due to its multifactorial nature, some neuropathological hallmarks of its development have been related to the high concentration of some metal cations. These roles include the participation of these metal cations in the production of reactive oxygen species, which have been involved in neuronal damage. In order to avoid the increment in the oxidative stress, multifunctional ligands used to coordinate these metal cations have been proposed as a possible treatment to AD. In this review, we present the recent advances in experimental and computational works aiming to understand the role of two redox active and essential transition-metal cations (Cu and Fe) and one nonbiological metal (Al) and the recent proposals on the development of multifunctional ligands to stop or revert the damaging effects promoted by these metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Puentes-Díaz
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
| | - Diego Chaparro
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto
de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
- Areli Flores-Gaspar − Departamento de Química,
Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá, 250247, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Jorge Alí-Torres − Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Sede Bogotá,11301, Bogotá, Colombia.
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213
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Konakanchi S, Raavi V, Ml HK, Shankar Ms V. Impact of chronic sleep deprivation and sleep recovery on hippocampal oligodendrocytes, anxiety-like behavior, spatial learning and memory of rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 193:59-71. [PMID: 36494056 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and its quality play an important role in memory, cognition, and quality of life. Sleep deprivation-induced changes in hippocampal neurons and behavior have been studied widely, in contrast, the extent of damage to oligodendrocytes have not been fully understood. The present study aims to investigate chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and sleep recovery-induced changes in oligodendrocytes of the hippocampus, cognition, and behavior of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were grouped as control, sham control (SC), CSD, and CSD+sleep recovery (CSD+SR) (n = 12/group). CSD and CSD+SR group rats were sleep deprived for 21-days. After CSD, the CSD+SR group rats sleep recovered for 21-days. Oxidative markers, CNPase+ve oligodendrocytes, CNPase intensity, and CNPase gene expression were measured in the hippocampus, and the anxiety-like behavior, spatial learning, and memory were assessed. The 21-days of CSD significantly (p < 0.001) increased oxidative stress and significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the number of CNPase+ve oligodendrocytes, CNPase intensity, and CNPase gene expression when compared to controls. The increased oxidative stress was correlated with reduced CNPase+ve oligodendrocytes, CNPase intensity, and CNPase gene expression (r = -0.9). In-line with cellular changes, an increased (p < 0.01) anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory were observed in the CSD group compared to controls. The 21-days of sleep recovery significantly (p < 0.01) reduced oxidative stress and anxiety-like behavior, improved spatial memory, increased CNPase intensity and CNPase gene expression, and non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in CNPase+ve oligodendrocytes compared to CSD. Overall, the 21-days of CSD reduced the number of CNPase+ve oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus, increased anxiety, and impaired spatial memory in rats. Though the 21-day sleep recovery showed an improvement in all parameters, it was not sufficient to completely reverse the CSD-induced changes to the control level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Konakanchi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India.
| | - Harendra Kumar Ml
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vinutha Shankar Ms
- Department of Physiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Kolar 563103, Karnataka, India.
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Long-Term Supplementation of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Concentrate Alleviates Age-Related Cognitive Deficit and Oxidative Damage: A Comparative Study of Young vs. Old Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030666. [PMID: 36771374 PMCID: PMC9921576 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is reported to have medicinal properties, but its benefits on age-related neurological changes have not been previously explored. In the current study, after phytochemical analysis of the pulp of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruit (Sy. cmi), young BALB/c mice have been supplemented with its 5, 15, and 30% dilution for 16 months, followed by behavioral experimentation and biochemical evaluation of isolated brains. The Sy. cmi has been found enriched with phenols/flavonoids while the occurrence of nine phytocompounds has been identified through GC-MS analysis. Further, Sy. cmi supplementation has caused significant (p < 0.05) protection from anxiety-like behavior in aged mice, and they have explored open, illuminated, and exposed areas of open field, light/dark, and an elevated plus maze, respectively. Furthermore, these animals have shown improved cognitive abilities as their percent (%) spontaneous alteration and novelty preference are significantly greater in T-maze and Y-maze and familiarity/novelty recognition tests. Further, Sy. cmi-supplemented mice remember the aversive stimuli zone and escape box location in passive avoidance and Barnes maze tests, and their brains have low levels of malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase with elevated antioxidant enzymes. The outcomes have provided scientific insight into the beneficial effects of Sy. cmi on age-associated amnesia that might be attributed to antioxidant and anticholinergic effects exerted by phytocompounds (caryophyllene, humulene, β-Farnesene, and phytol) owned by Syzygium cumini.
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215
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Liu N, Yan W, Su R, Zhang L, Wang X, Li Z, Qin D, Peng J. Research progress on rheumatoid arthritis-associated depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:992223. [PMID: 36755665 PMCID: PMC9899853 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.992223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is an independent mood disorder and one of the most common comorbidities of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Growing evidence suggests that there is two-way regulation between RA and depression, resulting in a vicious cycle of RA, depression, poor outcomes, and disease burden. The rising prevalence of RA-associated depression warrants a re-examination of the relationships between them. Here we provide an overview of the etiology and pathological mechanisms of RA-associated depression, and recent advances in treatment with biologics, which will facilitate the development of new and effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Weitian Yan
- First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Su
- Rheumatism Center, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Rheumatism Center, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofu Li Dongdong Qin Jiangyun Peng
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofu Li Dongdong Qin Jiangyun Peng
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Rheumatism Center, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Zhaofu Li Dongdong Qin Jiangyun Peng
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216
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In vitro prospective healthy and nutritional benefits of different Citrus monofloral honeys. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1088. [PMID: 36658323 PMCID: PMC9852249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the total polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of six Citrus monofloral honey, and the in vitro inhibitory effect against cholinesterases and tyrosinase. Finally, we assessed their effect against the biofilm of some pathogenic bacteria. Lime honey showed the best antioxidant activity and the highest content of polyphenols and vitamin C. Lemon and tangerine honey contained almost exclusively flavonoids. Lemon honey better preserved the bovine serum albumin against denaturation (IC50 = 48.47 mg). Honeys inhibited acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase up to 12.04% (tangerine), 19.11% (bergamot), and 94.1% (lemon), respectively. Lime and clementine honey better inhibited the Listeria monocytogenes biofilm. Bergamot honey acted mainly against the Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm; bergamot and tangerine honey inhibited the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm particularly. Bergamot, clementine, and tangerine honey acted against Escherichia coli sessile cell metabolism. This Citrus honey exhibited in vitro prospective health benefits and is applicable for future in vivo studies.
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217
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Wylie AC, Short SJ. Environmental Toxicants and the Developing Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:921-933. [PMID: 36906498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early life represents the most rapid and foundational period of brain development and a time of vulnerability to environmental insults. Evidence indicates that greater exposure to ubiquitous toxicants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and many phthalates is associated with altered developmental, physical health, and mental health trajectories across the lifespan. Whereas animal models offer evidence of their mechanistic effects on neurological development, there is little research that evaluates how these environmental toxicants are associated with human neurodevelopment using neuroimaging measures in infant and pediatric populations. This review provides an overview of 3 environmental toxicants of interest in neurodevelopment that are prevalent worldwide in the air, soil, food, water, and/or products of everyday life: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and phthalates. We summarize mechanistic evidence from animal models for their roles in neurodevelopment, highlight prior research that has examined these toxicants with pediatric developmental and psychiatric outcomes, and provide a narrative review of the limited number of studies that have examined these toxicants using neuroimaging with pediatric populations. We conclude with a discussion of suggested directions that will move this field forward, including the incorporation of environmental toxicant assessment in large, longitudinal, multimodal neuroimaging studies; the use of multidimensional data analysis strategies; and the importance of studying the combined effects of environmental and psychosocial stressors and buffers on neurodevelopment. Collectively, these strategies will improve ecological validity and our understanding of how environmental toxicants affect long-term sequelae via alterations to brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah J Short
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Center for Health Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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218
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Mandal PK, Guha Roy R, Kalyani A. Distribution Pattern of Closed and Extended Forms of Glutathione in the Human Brain: MR Spectroscopic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:270-276. [PMID: 36595311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a potent antioxidant synthesized de novo in cells and helps to detoxify free radicals in the brain and other organs. In vitro NMR studies from various research groups have reported primarily two sets of chemical shifts (2.80 or 2.96 ppm) of Cys-βCH2 depending on GSH sample preparation in either inert or oxygenated environments. A multi-center in vivo MRS human study has also validated the presence of two types of GSH conformer in the human brain. Our study is aimed at investigating the distribution patterns of the two GSH conformers from five brain regions, namely, ACC (anterior cingulate cortex), PCC (posterior cingulate cortex), LPC (left parietal cortex), LH (left hippocampus), and CER (cerebellum). GSH was measured using a 3T MRI scanner using MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in healthy young male and female populations (M/F = 5/9; age 32.8 ± 5.27 years). We conclude that the closed GSH conformer (characteristic NMR shift signature: Cys Hα 4.40-Hβ 2.80 ppm) is more abundant than the extended GSH form (characteristic NMR shift signature Cys Hα 4.56-Hβ 2.95 ppm). Closed conformer has a non-uniform distribution (ACC < CER < LH < PCC < LPC) in the healthy brain. On the contrary, the extended form of GSH has a uniform distribution in various anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Avinash Kalyani
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
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219
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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220
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Hollen C, Neilson LE, Barajas RF, Greenhouse I, Spain RI. Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis-Emerging imaging techniques. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1025659. [PMID: 36712455 PMCID: PMC9878592 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1025659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to the evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis, its role in detecting the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration is more limited. One of the common outcome measures for progressive multiple sclerosis trials, atrophy on brain MRI, is non-specific and reflects end-stage changes after considerable neurodegeneration has occurred. Identifying biomarkers that identify processes underlying neurodegeneration before it is irreversible and that reflect relevant neurodegenerative pathophysiology is an area of significant need. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Imaging markers related to inflammation, myelination, and neuronal integrity have been areas of advancement in recent years but oxidative stress has remained an area of unrealized potential. In this article we will begin by reviewing the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Chronic inflammation appears to be directly related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species and the effects of subsequent oxidative stress appear to be amplified by aging and accumulating disease. We will then discuss techniques in development used in the assessment of MS as well as other models of neurodegenerative disease in which oxidative stress is implicated. Multiple blood and CSF markers of oxidative stress have been evaluated in subjects with MS, but non-invasive imaging offers major upside in that it provides real-time assessment within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hollen
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Lee E. Neilson
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ramon F. Barajas
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
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Sulforaphane Delays Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Activating Nrf-2/HO-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:3626091. [PMID: 36647429 PMCID: PMC9840554 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3626091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain, which brings heavy burdens to individuals and society. The mechanism of IVDD is complex and diverse. One of the important reasons is that the abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which causes increased apoptosis of NPCs. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its downstream antioxidant proteins are key molecular switches for sensing oxidative stress and regulating antioxidant responses in cells. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound derived from Brassicaceae plants, is a Nrf-2 agonist that displays potent antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. Here, we used advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to construct an in vitro degeneration model of NPCs, and we found that AGEs elevated ROS level in NPCs and caused severe ERS and apoptosis. While SFN can promote the entry of Nrf-2 into the nucleus and increase the expression level of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in vitro, thus clearing the accumulated ROS in cells and alleviating ERS and cell apoptosis. Moreover, the protection of SFN on NPCs was greatly attenuated after HO-1 was inhibited. We also used AGEs to construct a rat IVDD model. Consistent with the in vitro experiments, SFN could attenuate ERS in NPCs in vivo and delay disc degeneration in rats. This study found that SFN can be used as a new and promising agent for the treatment of IVDD.
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Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Abnormal Myelination in Excessive Aggression Associated with Depression: Recent Input from Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020915. [PMID: 36674429 PMCID: PMC9861430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression and deficient cognitive control problems are widespread in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). These abnormalities are known to contribute significantly to the accompanying functional impairment and the global burden of disease. Progress in the development of targeted treatments of excessive aggression and accompanying symptoms has been limited, and there exists a major unmet need to develop more efficacious treatments for depressed patients. Due to the complex nature and the clinical heterogeneity of MDD and the lack of precise knowledge regarding its pathophysiology, effective management is challenging. Nonetheless, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MDD has been the subject of extensive research and there is a vast body of the latest literature that points to new mechanisms for this disorder. Here, we overview the key mechanisms, which include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin receptor signalling and abnormal myelination. We discuss the hypotheses that have been proposed to unify these processes, as many of these pathways are integrated for the neurobiology of MDD. We also describe the current translational approaches in modelling depression, including the recent advances in stress models of MDD, and emerging novel therapies, including novel approaches to management of excessive aggression, such as anti-diabetic drugs, antioxidant treatment and herbal compositions.
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223
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Soleimani A, Ezabadi SG, Möhn N, Esfandabadi ZM, Khosravizadeh Z, Skripuletz T, Azimzadeh M. Influence of hormones in multiple sclerosis: focus on the most important hormones. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:739-747. [PMID: 36595158 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal imbalance may be an important factor in the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In this context, hormone therapy has been shown to have immunoregulatory potential in various experimental approaches. There is increasing evidence of potentially beneficial effects of thyroid, melatonin, and sex hormones in MS models. These hormones may ameliorate the neurological impairment through immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effects, as well as by reducing oxidative stress. Expanding our knowledge of hormone therapy may be an effective step toward identifying additional molecular/cellular pathways in MS disease. In this review, we discuss the role of several important hormones in MS pathogenesis in terms of their effects on immunoregulatory aspects and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ghane Ezabadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nora Möhn
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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224
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Adedara AO, Otenaike TA, Olabiyi AA, Adedara IA, Abolaji AO. Neurotoxic and behavioral deficit in Drosophila melanogaster co-exposed to rotenone and iron. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:349-360. [PMID: 36308588 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants has been linked with the onset of different neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. Here, we evaluated the toxic effects of co-exposure to iron and rotenone at low concentrations in Drosophila melanogaster. Adult wild-type flies were orally exposed to rotenone (50.0 µM) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4; 1.0 and 10.0 µM) through the diet for 10 days. Thereafter, we evaluated markers of oxidative damage (Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), Nitric Oxide (NO), Protein Carbonyl, and malondialdehyde (MDA)), antioxidant status (catalase, Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), Total Thiol (T-SH) and Non-protein Thiol (NPSH), neurotransmission (monoamine oxidase; MAO and acetylcholinesterase, AChE) and mitochondrial respiration. The results indicated that flies fed rotenone and FeSO4 had impaired locomotion, reduced survival rate, and AChE activity with a corresponding increase in MAO activity when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, rotenone and FeSO4 significantly decreased the antioxidant status with a concurrent accumulation of NO, MDA, and H2O2. Additionally, the activity of complex 1 and mitochondria bioenergetic capacity was compromised in the flies. These findings suggest that the combination of rotenone and FeSO4 elicited a possible synergistic toxic response in the flies and therefore provided further insights on the use of D. melanogaster in toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Adedara
- Drosophila Research and Training Centre, A2 Ajao Dental Street, Salami Somade Estate, Basorun, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Bioquímica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Titilayomi A Otenaike
- Drosophila Research and Training Centre, A2 Ajao Dental Street, Salami Somade Estate, Basorun, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Bioquímica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drosophila Research and Training Centre, A2 Ajao Dental Street, Salami Somade Estate, Basorun, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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225
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Sun Y, Yang X, Xu L, Jia M, Zhang L, Li P, Yang P. The Role of Nrf2 in Relieving Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1405-1420. [PMID: 36453490 PMCID: PMC10324331 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221129100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke includes two related pathological damage processes: brain injury caused by primary ischemia and secondary ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury has become a worldwide health problem. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of satisfactory drugs for ameliorating cerebral I/R damage. Nrf2 is a vital endogenous antioxidant protein, which combines with Keap1 to maintain a dormant state under physiological conditions. When pathological changes such as I/R occurs, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 and activates the expression of downstream antioxidant proteins to exert a protective effect. Recent research have shown that the activated Nrf2 not only effectively inhibits oxidative stress, but also performs the ability to repair the function of compromised mitochondria, alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress, eliminate inflammatory response, reduce blood-brain barrier permeability, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, enhance the neural network remolding, thereby exerting significant protective effects in alleviating the injuries caused by cell oxygen-glucose deprivation, or animal cerebral I/R. However, no definite clinical application report demonstrated the efficacy of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Therefore, further efforts are needed to elaborate the role of Nrf2 activators in the treatment of cerebral I/R. Here, we reviewed the possible mechanisms underlying its potential pharmacological benefits in alleviating cerebral I/R injury, so as to provide a theoretical basis for studying its mechanism and developing Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mengxiao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Pingdingshan Polytenchnic College, Pingdingshan, 467001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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Malekinia F, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Khoshnam SE, Navabi SP. Sesamin alleviates defects in seizure, behavioral symptoms, and hippocampus electroencephalogram in a pentylenetetrazol rat model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1016-1023. [PMID: 37605727 PMCID: PMC10440134 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69565.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Seizure is a prevalent disorder reflected by powerful and sudden activity of neural networks in the brain that leads to tonic-clonic attacks. These signs may be due to an increase in excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters ratio. So, the current experiment aimed to examine the seizure and neurobehavioral parameters, as well as the hippocampus local electroencephalogram (EEG) after seizure with and without sesamin pretreatment. Materials and Methods Sesamin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/5 ml, intraperitoneal or IP, vehicle: dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO, for 3 days) was administrated before pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (60 mg/kg/10 ml, IP, vehicle: saline), which induces acute seizure in adult male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g, six weeks old). Different phases of seizures (score, latency, duration, and frequency), behavioral parameters (passive avoidance memory, anxiety, and locomotor activity), and hippocampus local EEG were evaluated after the injections. At the end of the experiments, oxidative stress markers plus gene expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B or PI3K/Akt mRNA were measured in the hippocampus. Results Pretreatment with sesamin (30 mg/kg) could significantly decrease seizure scores and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. PTZ injection induced EEG deficits and neurobehavioral impairments which were significantly decreased by sesamin, especially in Beta, Theta, and delta EEG waves. Also, the expression of PI3K/Akt significantly increased in the sesamin (30 mg/kg) group in comparison with the PTZ group. Conclusion Sesamin could prevent seizure attacks and neurobehavioral and EEG deficits induced by pentylenetetrazol, probably through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farima Malekinia
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Navabi
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Nesterowicz M, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Ładny JR, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M. Antiglycoxidative properties of amantadine – a systematic review and comprehensive in vitro study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:138-155. [PMID: 36325591 PMCID: PMC9639497 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2137161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An important drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is amantadine. We are the first to perform a comprehensive study based on various glycation and oxidation factors, determining the impact of amantadine on protein glycoxidation. Sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose) and aldehydes (glyoxal, methylglyoxal) were used as glycation agents, and chloramine T was used as an oxidant. Glycoxidation biomarkers in albumin treated with amantadine were generally not different from the control group (glycation/oxidation factors), indicating that the drug did not affect oxidation and glycation processes. Molecular docking analysis did not reveal strong binding sites of amantadine on the bovine serum albumin structure. Although amantadine poorly scavenged hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, it had significantly lower antioxidant and antiglycation effect than all protein oxidation and glycation inhibitors. In some cases, amantadine even demonstrated glycoxidant, proglycation, and prooxidant properties. In summary, amantadine exhibited weak antioxidant properties and a lack of antiglycation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students’ Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Robert Ładny
- 1st Department of General Surgery and Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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228
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Ralta A, Prakash A, Kumar_M P, Kumar R, Sarma P, Bhatia A, Medhi B, Chakrabarti A. Neuroprotective Effect of Celastrus Paniculatus Seed Extract on Epilepsy and Epilepsy-associated Cognitive Deficits. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:155-166. [PMID: 37346867 PMCID: PMC10279989 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive deficit is one of the common comorbidity accompanying epilepsy. The present study evaluated the effect of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract on seizure severity and cognitive deficit following the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling model. Methods PTZ kindling model was developed by daily administration of the sub-convulsive dose of PTZ 30 mg/kg for four weeks. After four weeks of induction, the following treatment, namely sodium valproic acid (SVA) 200 mg/kg, C. paniculatus 500 mg\kg, pergolide 2 mg/kg, C. paniculatus (250 mg\kg)+ Pergolide (1 mg/kg), and C. paniculatus (250 mg\kg)+ SVA (100 mg/kg) were administered 30 minutes prior to PTZ (30 mg/kg) injection for a period of next 14 days. Neurobehavioral parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and dopamine levels were assessed and the Morris water maze test (MWM) and Grip strength test (GPS) were performed. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining of hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA1), CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), and frontal cortex was performed. Results C. paniculatus (500 mg/kg) alone and in combination (C. paniculatus (250 mg\ kg)+ pergolide (1 mg/kg) and C. paniculatus (250 mg\kg)+ SVA (100 mg/kg)) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the seizure score, mean latency time, and distance traveled in the MWM. However, no significant effect was seen in GPS. Biochemical analysis showed elevated antioxidant markers, namely GSH, CAT, and SOD, and also elevated dopamine levels. C. paniculatus and its combination also significantly (P<0.05) protected against neuronal loss in the hippocampus and frontal cortex evidenced by H&E staining. Conclusion C. paniculatus alone and in combination with other agents may have the potential to treat epilepsy and associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Ralta
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kumar_M
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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229
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Wei S, Leng B, Yan G. Targeting autophagy process in center nervous trauma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1128087. [PMID: 36950126 PMCID: PMC10025323 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1128087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary regulator of physiological activity, and when CNS is compromised, its physical functions are affected. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common trauma in CNS that are difficult to recover from, with a higher global disability and mortality rate. Autophagy is familiar to almost all researchers due to its role in regulating the degradation and recycling of cellular defective or incorrect proteins and toxic components, maintaining body balance and regulating cell health and function. Emerging evidence suggests it has a broad and long-lasting impact on pathophysiological process such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, involving the alteration of autophagy marker expression and function recovery. Changes in autophagy level are considered a potential therapeutic strategy and have shown promising results in preclinical studies for neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury. However, the relationship between upward or downward autophagy and functional recovery following SCI or TBI is debatable. This article reviews the regulation and role of autophagy in repairing CNS trauma and the intervention effects of autophagy-targeted therapeutic agents to find more and better treatment options for SCI and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Genquan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Genquan Yan,
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230
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Chen T, Hu Y, Lu L, Zhao Q, Tao X, Ding B, Chen S, Zhu J, Guo X, Lin Z. Myricetin attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats via NRF2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134464. [PMID: 36969871 PMCID: PMC10031108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a crucial cause of neonatal death and neurological sequelae, but currently there is no effective therapy drug for HIE. Both oxidative stress and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathological development of HIE. Myricetin, a naturally extracted flavonol compound, exerts remarkable effects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of myricetin on HIE remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we established the neonatal rats hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage model in vivo and CoCl2 induced PC12 cell model in vitro to explore the neuroprotective effects of myricetin on HI injury, and illuminate the potential mechanism. Results: Our results showed that myricetin intervention could significantly reduce brain infarction volume, glia activation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress marker levels through activating NRF2 (Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2) and increase the expressions of NRF2 downstream proteins NQO-1 and HO-1. In addition, the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 could significantly reverse the effects of myricetin. Conclusion: This study found that myricetin might alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis through NRF2 signaling pathway to exert the protective role for HI injury, which suggested that myricetin might be a promising therapeutic agent for HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianlei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqing Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianghu Zhu, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Zhenlang Lin,
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianghu Zhu, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Zhenlang Lin,
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianghu Zhu, ; Xiaoling Guo, ; Zhenlang Lin,
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Xuan C, Yang E, Zhao S, Xu J, Li P, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Ding X. Regulation of LncRNAs and microRNAs in neuronal development and disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15197. [PMID: 37038472 PMCID: PMC10082570 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not encode proteins but play important roles in regulating cellular processes. Multiple studies over the past decade have demonstrated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer, in which some miRNAs can act as biomarkers or provide therapy target. Accumulating evidence also points to the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating miRNA-mRNA networks. An increasing number of ncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular processes, and dysregulation of ncRNAs often heralds disease. As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, placing enormous pressure on global health systems. Given the excellent performance of ncRNAs in early cancer screening and treatment, here we attempted to aggregate and analyze the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in neuronal development and disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on ncRNA taxonomy, biogenesis, and function, and discuss current research progress on ncRNAs in relation to neuronal development, differentiation, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xuan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Enyu Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peihang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenggang Jiang
- Department of Science Research and Information Management, Zhejiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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232
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Ishihara Y, Itoh K. Microglial inflammatory reactions regulated by oxidative stress. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:23-27. [PMID: 36777074 PMCID: PMC9899914 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells in the brain that can respond to endogenous and exogenous substrates to elicit inflammatory reactions. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B induces proinflammatory gene expression in response to foreign matter via pattern recognition receptors; thus, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B is a master regulator of inflammation. During the inflammatory process, very large amounts of reactive oxygen species are generated and promote the onset and progression of inflammation. Interestingly, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B drives the transcription of superoxide dismutase 2 in many types of cells, including microglia. Superoxide dismutase 2 is an antioxidative enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Of note, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B can initiate inflammation to elicit proinflammatory gene expression, while its transcription product superoxide dismutase 2 can suppress inflammation. In this review, we use recent knowledge to describe the interaction between oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B and discuss the complicated role of microglial superoxide dismutase 2 in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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Induction of Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Overexpression of hTau40 and Its Mitigation by Redox-Active Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010359. [PMID: 36613801 PMCID: PMC9820486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally phosphorylated tau protein is the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, accumulating in the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether overexpression of tau protein leads to changes in the redox status of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was elevated in tau-overexpressing cells (TAU cells) as compared with cells transfected with the empty vector (EP cells). The level of glutathione was increased in TAU cells, apparently due to overproduction as an adaptation to oxidative stress. The TAU cells had elevated mitochondrial mass. They were more sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine, delphinidin, 4-amino-TEMPO, and nitroxide-containing nanoparticles (NPs) compared to EP controls. These results indicate that overexpression of the tau protein imposes oxidative stress on the cells. The nitroxide 4-amino-TEMPO and nitroxide-containing nanoparticles (NPs) mitigated oxidative stress in TAU cells, decreasing the level of ROS. Nitroxide-containing nanoparticles lowered the level of lipid peroxidation in both TAU and EP cells, suggesting that nitroxides and NPs may mitigate tau-protein-induced oxidative stress.
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234
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Barak T, Miller O, Melamed S, Tietel Z, Harari M, Belausov E, Elmann A. Neuroprotective Effects of Pulicaria incisa Infusion on Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010032. [PMID: 36670894 PMCID: PMC9854488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress increase susceptibility to neurodegeneration and other age-related pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that an infusion prepared from Pulicaria incisa (Pi) has protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects in glial cells. However, the neuroprotective activities of Pi infusion in cultured neurons and aging mice have never been studied. In the following study, the effects of Pi infusion were explored in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Profiling of the infusion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and aucubin as some of its main constituents. H2O2-induced ROS accumulation and caspase 3 activity decreased SH-SY5Y viability and were prevented upon the pretreatment of cells with Pi infusion. Additionally, the Pi infusion upregulated cellular levels and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Aging mice treated daily for 18 months with Pi infusion exhibited reduced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus as compared to age-matched controls. We, therefore, propose Pi infusion as a candidate regulator of oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Barak
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Oshrat Miller
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Moti Harari
- The Southern Arava Research and Development, Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3516
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235
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Błażewicz A, Grabrucker AM. Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010308. [PMID: 36613749 PMCID: PMC9820494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since hundreds of years ago, metals have been recognized as impacting our body's physiology. As a result, they have been studied as a potential cure for many ailments as well as a cause of acute or chronic poisoning. However, the link between aberrant metal levels and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is a relatively new finding, despite some evident ASD-related consequences of shortage or excess of specific metals. In this review, we will summarize past and current results explaining the pathomechanisms of toxic metals at the cellular and molecular levels that are still not fully understood. While toxic metals may interfere with dozens of physiological processes concurrently, we will focus on ASD-relevant activity such as inflammation/immune activation, mitochondrial malfunction, increased oxidative stress, impairment of axonal myelination, and synapse formation and function. In particular, we will highlight the competition with essential metals that may explain why both the presence of certain toxic metals and the absence of certain essential metals have emerged as risk factors for ASD. Although often investigated separately, through the agonistic and antagonistic effects of metals, a common metal imbalance may result in relation to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-61-237756
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A review of mechanisms underlying the protective effects of natural compounds against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Biometals 2022:10.1007/s10534-022-00482-6. [PMID: 36564665 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that is widely distributed in the earth's crust. People are continuously exposed to this toxicant in their food and drinking water. Inorganic arsenic occurs in two oxidation states, arsenite 3+ (iAs3+) and arsenate 5+ (iAs5+). The most toxic form is its trivalent form which interferes with the electron transfer cycle and induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species, leading to depletion of the antioxidant defense system, as well as altering fatty acid levels and mitochondrial action. Since arsenic crosses the blood-brain barrier, it can damage cells in different regions of the brain, causing neurological disorders through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and cell death. Hydroxytyrosol, taurine, alpha-lipoic acid, ellagic acid, and thymoquinone have been shown to effectively alleviate arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. The protective effects are the result of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the phytochemicals and in particular their anti-apoptotic function via the Nrf2 and PI3/Akt/SIRT1 signaling pathways.
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237
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Aribal P, Alver EN, Kaltalioglu K, Balabanli B, Ebegil M, Coskun-Cevher S. The relationship between experimental 2,4-Dinitrophenol administration and neurological oxidative stress: in terms of dose, time and gender differences. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1161-1168. [PMID: 36562917 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although 2,4-DNP is claimed to promote fast weight reduction, it is also related with an intolerable high risk of serious side effects to various tissues. On the other hand, it is known to have neuroprotective effects. These different effects of 2,4-DNP may be due to the administration conditions. For this reason, in this study, it was aimed for the first time to clarify the oxidative changes that occur in the brain during the use of 2,4-DNP, depending on the dose, time and gender. For this purpose, 60 Wistar rats (30 male, 30 female) were divided into ten groups: control groups, short-term/long-term groups and low dose/high dose groups. Except for the control groups, 2,4-DNP was administered to the other groups by oral gavage. End of the experiment, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NOx) and ascorbic acid (AA) levels were measured in the brain tissues of sacrificed animals. 2,4-DNP administration showed attenuation impact on oxidative stress depending on both dose, time and gender. It can be said that it is more beneficial in terms of neuroprotection, especially in the short-term and male groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, depending on the dose, time, and gender, 2,4-DNP may be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Aribal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Naz Alver
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Kaltalioglu
- Vocational School of Espiye, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Ebegil
- Department of Statistics, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Coskun-Cevher
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Purwoningsih E, Arozal W, Lee HJ, Barinda AJ, Sani Y, Munim A. The Oil Formulation Derived from Moringa Oleifera Seeds Ameliorates Behavioral Abnormalities in Water-immersion Restraint Stress Mouse Model. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:395-407. [PMID: 36583146 PMCID: PMC9792812 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s386745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Repeated stress events are well known to be associated with the onset of behavioral abnormalities including depression, anxiety and memory impairment. In spite of the traditional uses of Moringa oleifera (MO), no experimental evidence for its use against chronic stress exists. Here, we investigated whether seed oil from MO (MOO) could improve behavior abnormalities of chronic stress mice induced by water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) and the underlying mechanism. Methods BALB/C male mice at 12 weeks of age were exposed to chronic WIRS for two weeks and divided in to four groups: normal group, WIRS group, WIRS+MOO1 group (treated with MOO at the dose of 1 mL/kg BW), and WIRS+MOO2 group (treated with MOO 2 mL/kg BW). The MOO treatment was given orally for 23 days. On day 24, we checked the behavior parameters, the plasma level of cortisol, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus, mRNA expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissues. In addition, we also checked the histopathological features of the gastric mucosa wall. Results Administration of MOO ameliorated anxiety-like, depression-like and memory impairment phenotypes in the WIRS mouse model although the plasma cortisol concentrations were comparable among the groups. Of note, MOO both in two doses could suppress the AChE activity in hippocampus tissue and ameliorated the MDA level in prefrontal cortex tissue in mice exposed to WIRS. Although only WIRS+MOO2 group could increase the mRNA expression of BDNF, the histopathological gastric mucosa wall features were improved in all MOO groups. Conclusion Taken together, these finding suggested that MOO may have a neuroprotective effect in the mouse model of WIRS as evidenced by improving the abnormal behaviors through enhancing mRNA expression level of BDNF, inhibited AChE activity, and prevented the increase of MDA level in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emni Purwoningsih
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wawaimuli Arozal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Correspondence: Wawaimuli Arozal, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Tel +62-21-31930481, Fax +62-21-3920947, Email ;
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea,Hee Jae Lee, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon Campus 1, Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea, Tel/Fax +82-33-250-8850, Email
| | - Agian Jeffilano Barinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulvian Sani
- Research Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Munim
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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Cuscuta epithymum Murr. crude extract pre-conditioning protects C6 cells from L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 36550546 PMCID: PMC9773566 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuscuta epithymum Murr. (C. epithymum), as an herbal medicine, has played an anti-cancerous role in various studies; however, its possible neuroprotective effects have been neglected. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of C. epithymum seeds crude extract and different fractions on rat glioblastoma cells (C6) in L-glutamate oxidative condition. METHODS Initially, the total phenolic content of C. epithymum crude extract and the fractions (all produced by maceration method) was determined. Subsequently, C6 cells were pre-treated with the various concentrations of crude extract and fractions 24 h before L-glutamate exposure. Likewise, C6 cells were treated with the same concentrations of crude extract and fractions 24 h after exposure to L-glutamate. The cell viability and morphology were compared in crude extract and fractions groups, then superoxide dismutase (SODs) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. The flow cytometry test was used to study C. epithymum crude extract's effects on the cell cycle and also to quantify the apoptosis, necrosis, and live cells population in different groups. RESULTS C. epithymum crude extract and fractions (hexanoic, dichloromethanolic, and methanolic) had concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (IC50:126.47, 2101.96, 140.97, and 218.96 µg/ml, respectively). The crude extract and methanolic fraction contained phenolic compounds (55.99 ± 2.795 and 50.80 ± 2.969 mg gallic acid/g extract), while in hexanoic and dichloromethanolic fractions, the phenolic content was undetectable. In the cell viability assay, in comparison to fractions, the crude extract showed a more protective effect against glutamate-induced oxidative condition (P < 0.0001). The crude extract increased the SODs activity (P < 0.001) and decreased MDA and ROS levels (P < 0.0001) in comparison to the glutamate group. The crude extract significantly increased the population of cells in G1 (from 63.04 to 76.29) and decreased the percentage of cells in G2 (from 11.56 to 6.7) and S phase (from 25.4 to 17.01). In addition, it decreased the apoptotic and necrotic cell populations (from 34 to 17.1) and also increased the percentage of live cells (from 66.8 to 83.4 percent) in the flow cytometry test. CONCLUSION C. epithymum crude extract plays a neuroprotective role by activating the defense mechanisms in cell against the oxidative condition.
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Wang Q, Xu S, Wang B, Qin Y, Ji Y, Yang Q, Xu Y, Zhou Z. Chemokine receptor 7 mediates miRNA-182 to regulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:712-726. [PMID: 36523152 PMCID: PMC9873520 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) exerts protective effects on the brain. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but their involvement in CXCR7-mediated brain protection is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CXCR7-mediated brain protection. METHODS CXCR7 levels in peripheral blood samples from patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and ischemic penumbra area brain tissues from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats after recanalization were measured. An miRNA microarray analysis was performed to examine the expression of miRNAs caused by CXCR7 knockdown in ischemic penumbra area brain tissue in middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion rats and to predict corresponding downstream target genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed the most enriched pathways. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct regulation of miR-182 on the target gene TCF7L2. The correlation between TCF7L2 and CXCR7/miR-182 was verified using rescue assays. RESULTS CXCR7 expression was upregulated in MCAO rats and mechanical thrombectomy patients with AIS compared to that in controls. The motor and sensory functions of MCAO rats with CXCR7 knockdown further decreased, and the infarct volume and cerebral edema increased. miRNA microarray data showed that seven miRNAs were differentially expressed after shRNA-CXCR7 treatment. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-182 directly targeted the TCF7L2 gene. Rescue assays confirmed that TCF7L2 is downstream of CXCR7/miR-182. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the Hippo pathway may be a key pathway in CXCR7 upregulation and plays a role in protecting the brain after interventional surgery. Animal experiments have shown that CXCR7-mediated cerebral I/R injury promotes the phosphorylation of key molecules YAP and TAZ in the Hippo pathway. CONCLUSION CXCR7 protects against cerebral I/R injury, possibly via the miR-182/TCF7L2/Hippo pathway. These results indicate that CXCR7 affects cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through miRNA regulation and downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina,Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesWannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Sifan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Yachen Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan HospitalWuhuChina
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Hong J, Lee TK, Kim IH, Lee S, Jeon BJ, Lee J, Won MH, Kim S. Anti-stress effects of Fameyes in in vitro and in vivo models of stresses. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:39. [PMID: 36471422 PMCID: PMC9724292 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fameyes (a mixture of Clematis mandshurica Rupr. extract (CMRE) and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. extract (EAPE)) containing scutellarin and chlorogenic acid as major components has been reported to relieve mental stress in human subjects, which is reflected in improved scores in psychometric tests measuring levels of depression, anxiety, well-being, and mental fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-stress activity of Fameyes and to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-stress activity using in vitro and in vivo models of stresses. RESULTS First, we tested the effect of Fameyes on corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells (human neurofibroma cell lines). Corticosterone induced apoptosis and decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, but treatment with Fameyes inhibited these cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. However, CMRE and EAPE (components of Fameyes) did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of corticosterone individually. Next, we tested the effects of Fameyes on rats that were exposed to different kinds of stresses for four weeks. When the stressed rats were treated with Fameyes, their immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests decreased. A reduction was also observed in the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. Furthermore, upon oral administration of Fameyes, serum serotonin levels increased. These in vitro and in vivo results support the anti-stress effects of Fameyes. CONCLUSIONS In vitro experiments showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, in vivo experiments using rats showed anti-stress effects of Fameyes in blood and tissue levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and serotonin, as well as the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. However, we did not specifically investigate which ingredient or ingredients showed anti-stress effects, although we reported that Fameyes contained chlorogenic acid and scutellarin major ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkee Hong
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- R&D Center, Naturesense INC., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturesense INC., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kim
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006 Republic of Korea
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy-silver nanoparticle conjugate interacts with neuronal and glial cells and alleviates anxiety-like behaviour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:57-68. [PMID: 35769902 PMCID: PMC9234225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inception of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients, with an improvement in life expectancy. However, neurological complications associated with high dosage and chronic administration of HAART have not been fully addressed. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential benefits of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) conjugated-HAART (HAART-AgNPs) and its interaction with neuronal and glial cells in type-2 diabetic rats. Forty-two (n = 42) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 13 g) were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. Each rat was administered with either distilled water, HAART, or HAART-AgNPs for eight weeks. After that, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was excised for immunohistochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. The formulated HAART-AgNPs were characterised by Ultraviolet-Visible, Transmission electron microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Of the various concentrations of HAART-AgNPs, 1.5 M exhibited 20.3 nm in size and a spherical shape was used for this study. Administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats significantly decreased (p < 0.05) blood glucose level, number of faecal pellets, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) compared with HAART-treated diabetic rats. Notably, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and GSH), improvement in PFC-glial fibrillary acid protein (PFC-GFAP) positive cells and alleviation of anxiety-like behaviour in HAART-AgNPs treated diabetic rats. These results showed that HAART-AgNPs alleviates the anxiogenic effect and neuronal toxicity aggravated by HAART exposure via the reduction of oxidative and neuroinflammatory injury as well as preserving PFC GFAP-positive cells and neuronal cytoarchitecture.
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Osowe OC, Adu OA, Oloruntola OD, Chineke CA, Atansuyi AJ, Olateju IS. The impact of breed, Ficus exasperata leaf powder and vitamin C on carcass traits, brain and meat oxidative enzymes of broiler chickens raised under the tropical condition. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:404. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rao C, Cao X, Li L, Zhou J, Sun D, Li B, Guo S, Yuan R, Cui H, Chen J. Bisphenol AF induces multiple behavioral and biochemical changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106345. [PMID: 36351319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As common environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol AF (BPAF) raises potential concerns for aquatic organisms due to its widespread presence and continued release in the aquatic environment. This research aimed to use zebrafish embryos and adult fish to explore the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (5 μg/L), 50 μg/L and 500 μg/L of BPAF on zebrafish embryonic development, behavioral alterations, and the potential mechanisms driving these effects. The results showed that 500 μg/L of BPAF severely affected the growth and development of embryos. In behavioral experiments, all concentrations of BPAF significantly inhibited the locomotor activity of larvae, 50 and 500 μg/L BPAF significantly altered the anxiety-like and aggressive behavior of adult zebrafish. Furthermore, environmentally relevant concentrations and higher concentrations of BPAF induced varying degrees of oxidative stress in both embryonic and adult fish. The most significant histopathological changes and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were observed in the brain at 50 and 500 μg/L of BPAF. We hypothesized that oxidative stress is an important cause of behavioral disturbances in larvae and adult fish. To our best knowledge, the present experiment is a pioneer in studying the effects of BPAF on a variety of complex behaviors (swimming performance, anxiety-like, social behavior, aggression) in zebrafish, which emphasizes the potential health risk of higher concentrations of BPAF in terms of induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Sevastre-Berghian AC, Casandra C, Gheban D, Olteanu D, Olanescu Vaida Voevod MC, Rogojan L, Filip GA, Bâldea I. Neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A and the Impact of Melatonin Administration on Oxidative Stress, ERK/NF-kB Signaling Pathway, and Behavior in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1882-1894. [PMID: 36515867 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure can be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders due to impairment of cell proliferation and synaptic development. Our study evaluated the effects of melatonin (MEL) on ambulatory activity, lipid peroxidation, cytokines, ERK/NF-kB signaling pathway in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, and histopathological changes in the hippocampus of the BPA-treated rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, BPA, BPA + MEL I, and BPA + MEL II. MEL I (20 mg/kg b.w.) and MEL II (40 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered for 28 days. On the 29th day, BPA (1 mg/kg b.w.) was intraperitoneally administered, and, after 24 h, an open field test (OFT) and an elevated plus maze (EPM) were conducted. The results showed that the MEL II group made significantly more entries in the open arms of EPM, traveled significantly greater distance, and spent more time in the central part of OFT. Malondialdehyde levels were diminished by MEL II in the hippocampus and by MEL I in the frontal lobe. In the hippocampus, the MAPK level was significantly lowered by both doses of MEL (p < 0.05) while in the frontal lobe, only MEL II reduced the MAPK activation. MEL I and II significantly decreased the γH2AX and upregulated the NFkB and pNFkB expressions in the hippocampus while MEL II downregulated the MCP1 expression. Both doses of MEL attenuated the BPA-evoked histopathological alterations in the hippocampus. These data indicate that MEL can mediate the neuroprotection against BPA-induced neurotoxicity and improves behavioral changes suggesting a real potential as a protective agent in brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Casandra
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Morphopathology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Liliana Rogojan
- Department of Morphopathology, District Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela A Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
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Zappelli E, Daniele S, Vergassola M, Ceccarelli L, Chelucci E, Mangano G, Durando L, Ragni L, Martini C. A specific combination of nutraceutical Ingredients exerts cytoprotective effects in human cholinergic neurons. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Oh CE, Lim HJ, Park J, Moon E, Park JK. Relationship of Circadian Rhythm in Behavioral Characteristics and Lipid Peroxidation of Brain Tissues in Mice. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:649-661. [PMID: 36263640 PMCID: PMC9606440 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship among several indices of circadian rhythms and lipid peroxidation of brain tissue in mice. METHODS After entrainment of 4-week-old mice, one group was disrupted their circadian rhythms for three days and the other group for seven days (n = 10, respectively). After a recovery period, the Y-maze test, the elevated plus maze test, the tail suspension test, and the forced swimming test were conducted. To assess lipid peroxidation in brain tissue, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. RESULTS When circadian rhythms were disrupted and adapted back to their original rhythm, the recovery time of the 7-day disruption group (median 3.35 days) was significiantly faster than one of the 3-day disruption group (median 4.87 days). In the group with a 7-day disruption, mice that had recovered their rhythms early had higher malondialdehyde levels in their hippocampus compared to those with delayed recovery. The entrainment of circadian rhythms was negatively correlated with the malondialdehyde level of brain tissue. The behavioral test results showed no differences depending on the disruption durations or recovery patterns of circadian rhythms. CONCLUSION These results suggest that disruption types, recovery patterns, and the entrainment of circadian rhythms are likely to affect oxidative stress in adolescents or young adult mice. Future study is needed to confirm and specify these results on the effects of circadian rhythms on oxidative stress and age-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Eun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Ji Kyoung Park Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-2302, Eunsoo Moon, E-mail: , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-3413, This manuscript is based on Chi Eun Oh’s doctoral thesis
| | - Hyun Ju Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeounghyun Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Ji Kyoung Park Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-2302, Eunsoo Moon, E-mail: , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-3413, This manuscript is based on Chi Eun Oh’s doctoral thesis
| | - Ji Kyoung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea,Address for correspondence: Ji Kyoung Park Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Korea, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-2302, Eunsoo Moon, E-mail: , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-3413, This manuscript is based on Chi Eun Oh’s doctoral thesis
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Alcohol Withdrawal and the Associated Mood Disorders-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314912. [PMID: 36499240 PMCID: PMC9738481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational use of alcohol is a social norm in many communities worldwide. Alcohol use in moderation brings pleasure and may protect the cardiovascular system. However, excessive alcohol consumption or alcohol abuse are detrimental to one's health. Three million deaths due to excessive alcohol consumption were reported by the World Health Organization. Emerging evidence also revealed the danger of moderate consumption, which includes the increased risk to cancer. Alcohol abuse and periods of withdrawal have been linked to depression and anxiety. Here, we present the effects of alcohol consumption (acute and chronic) on important brain structures-the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the limbic system, and the cerebellum. Apart from this, we also present the link between alcohol abuse and withdrawal and mood disorders in this review, thus drawing a link to oxidative stress. In addition, we also discuss the positive impacts of some pharmacotherapies used. Due to the ever-rising demands of life, the cycle between alcohol abuse, withdrawal, and mood disorders may be a never-ending cycle of destruction. Hence, through this review, we hope that we can emphasise the importance and urgency of managing this issue with the appropriate approaches.
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Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Açai Berry Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Damage in Genitourinary Axis-Modulating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122355. [PMID: 36552563 PMCID: PMC9774754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat different malignancies and autoimmune disorders in men. This chemotherapy frequently reduces tumors, which is beneficial, but also causes infertility because of severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the bladder and testes brought on by its metabolite, acrolein. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel food, açai berry, in preventing CYP-induced damage in the bladder and testes. METHODS CYP was administered intraperitoneally once during the experiment at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight diluted in 10 mL/kg b.w. of water. Açai berry was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of açai berry was able to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and histological changes in the bladder and testes after CYP injection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show for the first time that açai berry modulates physiological antioxidant defenses to protect the bladder and testes against CYP-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Lilimpakis K, Tsepelaki A, Kalaitzopoulou E, Zisimopoulos D, Papadea P, Skipitari M, Varemmenou A, Aggelis A, Vagianos C, Constantoyannis C, Georgiou CD. Time progression and regional expression of brain oxidative stress induced by obstructive jaundice in rats. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:35. [PMID: 36434681 PMCID: PMC9701014 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive jaundice induces oxidative changes in the brain parenchyma and plays significant role in clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy. We aim to study the progression of the brain oxidative status over time and the differences of its pattern over the hemispheres, the brainstem and the cerebellum. We use an experimental model in rats and measuring the oxidative stress (OS) specific biomarkers protein malondialdehyde (PrMDA) and protein carbonyls (PrC = O). RESULTS Hyperbilirubinemia has been confirmed in all study groups as the result of common bile duct obstruction. We confirmed increase in both PrMDA and PrC = O biomarkers levels with different type of changes over time. We also confirmed that the oxidative process develops differently in each of the brain areas in study. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the progressive increase in OS in all brain areas studied using markers indicative of cumulative protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lilimpakis
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece ,grid.416564.40000 0004 0622 585XDepartment of Neurosurgery, St. Savvas Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Aidona Tsepelaki
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Medicine, Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527 Athens, Goudi Greece
| | - Electra Kalaitzopoulou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Zisimopoulos
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Papadea
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Marianna Skipitari
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Athina Varemmenou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Aggelis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Medicine, Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527 Athens, Goudi Greece
| | - Constantine Vagianos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Department of Medicine, Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527 Athens, Goudi Greece
| | - Constantine Constantoyannis
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
| | - Christos D. Georgiou
- grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rion, Achaia Patras, Greece
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