201
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Urban C, Wang Y, Rodríguez-Fernández J, García R, Herranz MÁ, Alcamí M, Martín N, Martín F, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Otero R. Charge transfer-assisted self-limited decyanation reaction of TCNQ-type electron acceptors on Cu(100). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:833-5. [PMID: 24292504 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45791e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TCNQ derivatives adsorbed on a metal surface undergo a self-limited decyanation reaction that only affects two out of the four cyano groups in the molecule. Combined Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments and Density Functional Theory calculations relate the self-limiting behavior to the transfer of electrons from the metal to the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Urban
- Dep. de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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202
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Sun Q, Zhang C, Kong H, Tan Q, Xu W. On-surface aryl-aryl coupling via selective C-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11825-8. [PMID: 25156416 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Through the interplay of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging/manipulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have demonstrated that an unprecedented selective aryl-aryl coupling via direct C-H bond activation can be successfully achieved on Cu(110). These findings present a simple and generalized route for preparing low dimensional carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
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203
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Xu L, Zhou X, Tian WQ, Gao T, Zhang YF, Lei S, Liu ZF. Surface-Confined Single-Layer Covalent Organic Framework on Single-Layer Graphene Grown on Copper Foil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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204
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Xu L, Zhou X, Tian WQ, Gao T, Zhang YF, Lei S, Liu ZF. Surface-Confined Single-Layer Covalent Organic Framework on Single-Layer Graphene Grown on Copper Foil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9564-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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205
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206
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Gao HY, Held PA, Knor M, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Neugebauer J, Studer A, Fuchs H. Decarboxylative Polymerization of 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid at Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9658-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5033875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Gao
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Physikalisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Marek Knor
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Physikalisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Harald Fuchs
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Physikalisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute
for Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
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207
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Dinca LE, MacLeod JM, Lipton-Duffin J, Fu C, Ma D, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Tip-induced C-H activation and oligomerization of thienoanthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8791-3. [PMID: 24967741 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can be used to dehydrogenate freely-diffusing tetrathienoanthracene (TTA) molecules on Cu(111), trapping the molecules into metal-coordinated oligomeric structures. The process proceeds at bias voltages above ~3 V and produces organometallic structures identical to those resulting from the thermally-activated cross-coupling of a halogenated analogue. The process appears to be substrate dependent: no oligomerization was observed on Ag(111) or HOPG. This approach demonstrates the possibility of controlled synthesis and nanoscale patterning of 2D oligomer structures on selected surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Dinca
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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208
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Wiengarten A, Seufert K, Auwärter W, Ecija D, Diller K, Allegretti F, Bischoff F, Fischer S, Duncan DA, Papageorgiou AC, Klappenberger F, Acres RG, Ngo TH, Barth JV. Surface-assisted Dehydrogenative Homocoupling of Porphine Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9346-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501680n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Ecija
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Diller
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Bischoff
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert G. Acres
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale
14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city. Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department
E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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209
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Sun Q, Xu W. Regulating the Interactions of Adsorbates on Surfaces by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Manipulation. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2657-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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210
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Li L, Fan S, Mu X, Mi Z, Li CJ. Photoinduced conversion of methane into benzene over GaN nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7793-6. [PMID: 24826797 DOI: 10.1021/ja5004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As a class of key building blocks in the chemical industry, aromatic compounds are mainly derived from the catalytic reforming of petroleum-based long chain hydrocarbons. The dehydroaromatization of methane can also be achieved by using zeolitic catalysts under relatively high temperature. Herein we demonstrate that Si-doped GaN nanowires (NWs) with a 97% rationally constructed m-plane can directly convert methane into benzene and molecular hydrogen under ultraviolet (UV) illumination at rt. Mechanistic studies suggest that the exposed m-plane of GaN exhibited particularly high activity toward methane C-H bond activation and the quantum efficiency increased linearly as a function of light intensity. The incorporation of a Si-donor or Mg-acceptor dopants into GaN also has a large influence on the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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211
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Zhang H, Franke JH, Zhong D, Li Y, Timmer A, Arado OD, Mönig H, Wang H, Chi L, Wang Z, Müllen K, Fuchs H. Surface supported gold-organic hybrids: on-surface synthesis and surface directed orientation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1361-1368. [PMID: 24227765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted synthesis of gold-organic hybrids on Au (111) and Au (100) surfaces is repotred by thermally initiated dehalogenation of chloro-substituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBIs). Structures and surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains are investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy in ultra high vacuum conditions. Using dichloro-PBI as a model system, the mechanism for the formation of Au-PBI dimer is revealed with scanning tunnelling microscopy studies and density functional theory calculations. A PBI radical generated from the homolytic C-Cl bond dissociation can covalently bind a surface gold atom and partially pull it out of the surface to form stable PBI-Au hybrid species, which also gives rise to the surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains on reconstructed Au (100) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemmstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany, Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
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212
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Zhou H, Liu J, Du S, Zhang L, Li G, Zhang Y, Tang BZ, Gao HJ. Direct visualization of surface-assisted two-dimensional diyne polycyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5567-70. [PMID: 24689835 DOI: 10.1021/ja501308s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotrimerization of alkynes to aromatics represents a promising approach to two-dimensional conjugated networks due to its single-reactant and atom-economy attributes, in comparison with other multicomponent coupling reactions. However, the reaction mechanism of alkyne cyclotrimerization has not yet been well understood due to characterization challenges. In this work, we take a surface reaction approach to study fundamental polymerization mechanism by using a diyne monomer named 4,4'-diethynyl-1,1'-biphenyl as a test bed. We have succeeded in directly characterizing reactants, intermediates, and their reaction products with the aid of scanning tunneling microscope, which allows us to gain mechanistic insights into the reaction pathways. By combining with density functional theory calculation, our result has revealed for the first time that the polycyclotrimerization is a two-step [2+2+2] cyclization reaction. This work provides an in-depth understanding of polycyclotrimerization process at the atomic level, offering a new avenue to design and construct of single-atom-thick conjugated networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhou
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
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213
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Palma CA, Diller K, Berger R, Welle A, Björk J, Cabellos JL, Mowbray DJ, Papageorgiou AC, Ivleva NP, Matich S, Margapoti E, Niessner R, Menges B, Reichert J, Feng X, Räder HJ, Klappenberger F, Rubio A, Müllen K, Barth JV. Photoinduced C–C Reactions on Insulators toward Photolithography of Graphene Nanoarchitectures. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4651-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412868w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Diller
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholz-Platz
1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Jose Luis Cabellos
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC DIPC, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Duncan J. Mowbray
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC DIPC, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia P. Ivleva
- Chair
for Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Sonja Matich
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emanuela Margapoti
- Walter
Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Chair
for Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Menges
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre, Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC DIPC, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Fritz-Haber-Institut Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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214
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Gutzler R, Cardenas L, Lipton-Duffin J, El Garah M, Dinca LE, Szakacs CE, Fu C, Gallagher M, Vondráček M, Rybachuk M, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Ullmann-type coupling of brominated tetrathienoanthracene on copper and silver. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2660-2668. [PMID: 24441565 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of extended two-dimensional organic networks on Cu(111), Ag(111), Cu(110), and Ag(110) from thiophene-based molecules. A combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy yields insight into the reaction pathways from single molecules towards the formation of two-dimensional organometallic and polymeric structures via Ullmann reaction dehalogenation and C-C coupling. The thermal stability of the molecular networks is probed by annealing at elevated temperatures of up to 500 °C. On Cu(111) only organometallic structures are formed, while on Ag(111) both organometallic and covalent polymeric networks were found to coexist. The ratio between organometallic and covalent bonds could be controlled by means of the annealing temperature. The thiophene moieties start degrading at 200 °C on the copper surface, whereas on silver the degradation process becomes significant only at 400 °C. Our work reveals how the interplay of a specific surface type and temperature steers the formation of organometallic and polymeric networks and describes how these factors influence the structural integrity of two-dimensional organic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Gutzler
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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215
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Adisoejoso J, Lin T, Shang XS, Shi KJ, Gupta A, Liu PN, Lin N. A Single-Molecule-Level Mechanistic Study of Pd-Catalyzed and Cu-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Aryl Bromide on an Au(111) Surface. Chemistry 2014; 20:4111-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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216
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Zhong D, Blömker T, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Zhang H, Kehr G, Erker G, Fuchs H, Chi L. Thymine and adenine tetrads formed on anisotropic metal surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:265-270. [PMID: 24605377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of the Au(110) surface and alkyl-substituted DNA bases induces reorganization of the surface with parallel atomic grooves, while the enhanced surface anisotropy constrains the substituent alkyl chains along the grooves. Every four molecules are bound together through H-bonds while further possible H-bonds are prohibited by either the alkyl chains or the groove borders, resulting in separated tetrad structures located in the grooves.
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217
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Polymerization or cyclic dimerization: solvent dependent homo-coupling of terminal alkynes at HOPG surface. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3899. [PMID: 24469357 PMCID: PMC3904147 DOI: 10.1038/srep03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface reactivity has become one of the most important issues in surface chemistry over the past few years. In this work, we, for the first time, have investigated the homo-coupling of a special terminal alkyne derivative on the highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique, we have found that such coupling reaction seriously depends on the supramolecular assembly of the monomer on the studied substrate, whereas the latter appears an obvious solvent effect. As a result, the reaction in our system undergoes polymerization and cyclic dimerization process in 1-phenyloctane and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, respectively. That is to say, the solvent effect can be extended from the two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular self-assembly to surface chemical reactions, and the selective homo-coupling has been successfully achieved at the solid/liquid interface.
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218
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Li XB, Li ZJ, Gao YJ, Meng QY, Yu S, Weiss RG, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Mechanistic Insights into the Interface-Directed Transformation of Thiols into Disulfides and Molecular Hydrogen by Visible-Light Irradiation of Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2085-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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219
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Li XB, Li ZJ, Gao YJ, Meng QY, Yu S, Weiss RG, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Mechanistic Insights into the Interface-Directed Transformation of Thiols into Disulfides and Molecular Hydrogen by Visible-Light Irradiation of Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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220
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Cirera B, Zhang YQ, Björk J, Klyatskaya S, Chen Z, Ruben M, Barth JV, Klappenberger F. Synthesis of extended graphdiyne wires by vicinal surface templating. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1891-7. [PMID: 24564910 DOI: 10.1021/nl4046747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-assisted covalent synthesis currently evolves into an important approach for the fabrication of functional nanostructures at interfaces. Here, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate the homocoupling reaction of linear, terminal alkyne-functionalized polyphenylene building-blocks on noble metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum. On the flat Ag(111) surface, thermal activation triggers a variety of side-reactions resulting in irregularly branched polymeric networks. Upon alignment along the step-edges of the Ag(877) vicinal surface drastically improves the chemoselectivity of the linking process permitting the controlled synthesis of extended-graphdiyne wires with lengths reaching 30 nm. The ideal hydrocarbon scaffold is characterized by density functional theory as a 1D, direct band gap semiconductor material with both HOMO and LUMO-derived bands promisingly isolated within the electronic structure. The templating approach should be applicable to related organic precursors and different reaction schemes thus bears general promise for the engineering of novel low-dimensional carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Cirera
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße, 85748 Garching, Germany
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221
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Clair S, Abel M, Porte L. Growth of boronic acid based two-dimensional covalent networks on a metal surface under ultrahigh vacuum. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9627-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An extensive analysis of the complex mechanisms governing the on-surface polymerisation of boronic acid on a metal surface under vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Université de Toulon
- 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Abel
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Université de Toulon
- 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Louis Porte
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Université de Toulon
- 13397 Marseille, France
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222
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Li B, Tahara K, Adisoejoso J, Vanderlinden W, Mali KS, De Gendt S, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Self-assembled air-stable supramolecular porous networks on graphene. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10764-10772. [PMID: 24206021 DOI: 10.1021/nn4039047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization and modification of graphene at the nanometer scale is desirable for many applications. Supramolecular assembly offers an attractive approach in this regard, as many organic molecules form well-defined patterns on surfaces such as graphite via physisorption. Here we show that ordered porous supramolecular networks with different pore sizes can be readily fabricated on different graphene substrates via self-assembly of dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives at the interface between graphene and an organic liquid. Molecular resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations reveal that the extended honeycomb networks are highly flexible and that they follow the topological features of the graphene surface without any discontinuity, irrespective of the step-edges present in the substrate underneath. We also demonstrate the stability of these networks under liquid as well as ambient air conditions. The robust yet flexible DBA network adsorbed on graphene surface is a unique platform for further functionalization and modification of graphene. Identical network formation irrespective of the substrate supporting the graphene layer and the level of surface roughness illustrates the versatility of these building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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223
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Díaz Arado O, Mönig H, Wagner H, Franke JH, Langewisch G, Held PA, Studer A, Fuchs H. On-surface azide-alkyne cycloaddition on Au(111). ACS NANO 2013; 7:8509-15. [PMID: 24047459 DOI: 10.1021/nn4022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between azides and alkynes on a Au(111) surface at room temperature and under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images reveal that these on-surface cycloadditions occur highly regioselectively to form the corresponding 1,4-triazoles. Density functional theory simulations confirm that the reactions can occur at room temperature, where the Au(111) surface does not participate as a catalytic agent in alkyne C-H activation but acts solely as a two-dimensional constraint for the positioning of the two reaction partners. The on-surface azide-alkyne cycloaddition offers great potential toward the development and fabrication of functional organic nanomaterials on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Díaz Arado
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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224
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Heinrich BW, Ahmadi G, Müller VL, Braun L, Pascual JI, Franke KJ. Change of the magnetic coupling of a metal-organic complex with the substrate by a stepwise ligand reaction. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4840-3. [PMID: 23985020 DOI: 10.1021/nl402575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted intramolecular ligand reaction of a porphyrin molecule adsorbed on Au(111) is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The temperature-induced stepwise transformation of iron octaethylporphyrin proceeds via a concentric electrocyclic ring closure, with the final product iron tetrabenzoporphyrin being identified by its characteristic Kondo resonance. Along with the transformation of the organic ligand, changes in the magnetic fingerprint are observed, indicating an increasing coupling of the iron spin with the substrate electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Heinrich
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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225
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Xu L, Zhou X, Yu Y, Tian WQ, Ma J, Lei S. Surface-confined crystalline two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks via on-surface Schiff-base coupling. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8066-8073. [PMID: 23924203 DOI: 10.1021/nn403328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We performed a co-condensation reaction between aromatic aldehyde and aromatic diamine monomers on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface either at a solid/liquid interface at room temperature or in low vacuum with moderate heating. With this simple and moderate methodology, we have obtained surface-confined 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with few defects and almost entire surface coverage. The single crystalline domain can extend to more than 1 μm(2). By varying the backbone length of aromatic diamines the pore size of 2D surface COFs is tunable from ∼1.7 to 3.5 nm. In addition, the nature of the surface COF can be modified by introducing functional groups into the aromatic amine precursor, which has been demonstrated by introducing methyl groups to the backbone of the diamine. Formation of small portions of bilayers was observed by both scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and AFM, which clearly reveals an eclipsed stacking manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
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226
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Zhang X, Zeng Q, Wang C. On-surface single molecule synthesis chemistry: a promising bottom-up approach towards functional surfaces. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8269-8287. [PMID: 23748971 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we introduce recent progress on surface synthesis and focus on supramolecular self-assembled structures driven by several typical chemical reactions at solid surfaces, with the aid of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We also emphasize the relationship between the non-covalent self-assembly and surface reactivity, by which we hope to find an effective way for further controllable nano-manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, PR China
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227
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Zhang X, Zeng Q, Wang C. Host-guest supramolecular chemistry at solid-liquid interface: An important strategy for preparing two-dimensional functional nanostructures. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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228
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Cirera B, Zhang YQ, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Klappenberger F, Barth JV. 2 D Self-Assembly and Catalytic Homo-coupling of the Terminal Alkyne 1,4-Bis(3,5-diethynyl-phenyl)butadiyne-1,3 on Ag(111). ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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229
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Zhang XM, Zeng QD, Wang C. Reversible Phase Transformation at the Solid-Liquid Interface: STM Reveals. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2330-40. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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230
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Farberow CA, Godinez-Garcia A, Peng G, Perez-Robles JF, Solorza-Feria O, Mavrikakis M. Mechanistic Studies of Oxygen Reduction by Hydrogen on PdAg(110). ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Farberow
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andres Godinez-Garcia
- Depto. Materiales, CINVESTAV-IPN, Lib. Norponiente 2000 Fracc. Real de
Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, México
| | - Guowen Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Juan Francisco Perez-Robles
- Depto. Materiales, CINVESTAV-IPN, Lib. Norponiente 2000 Fracc. Real de
Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Qro, México
| | - Omar Solorza-Feria
- Depto. Química, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508 A.P. 14-740, 07360 México,
D.F., México
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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231
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Sun Q, Zhang C, Li Z, Kong H, Tan Q, Hu A, Xu W. On-Surface Formation of One-Dimensional Polyphenylene through Bergman Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404039t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
(Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
(Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R.
China
| | - Huihui Kong
- College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
(Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang Tan
- College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
(Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R.
China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Civil Engineering Materials
(Ministry of Education), Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
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232
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Pinardi AL, Otero-Irurueta G, Palacio I, Martinez JI, Sanchez-Sanchez C, Tello M, Rogero C, Cossaro A, Preobrajenski A, Gómez-Lor B, Jancarik A, Stará IG, Starý I, Lopez MF, Méndez J, Martin-Gago JA. Tailored formation of N-doped nanoarchitectures by diffusion-controlled on-surface (cyclo)dehydrogenation of heteroaromatics. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3676-3684. [PMID: 23506342 DOI: 10.1021/nn400690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation and dehydrogenative polymerization of polycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are among the most important strategies for bottom-up assembly of new nanostructures from their molecular building blocks. Although diverse compounds have been formed in recent years using this methodology, a limited knowledge on the molecular machinery operating at the nanoscale has prevented a rational control of the reaction outcome. We show that the strength of the PAH-substrate interaction rules the competitive reaction pathways (cyclodehydrogenation versus dehydrogenative polymerization). By controlling the diffusion of N-heteroaromatic precursors, the on-surface dehydrogenation can lead to monomolecular triazafullerenes and diazahexabenzocoronenes (N-doped nanographene), to N-doped oligomeric or polymeric networks, or to carbonaceous monolayers. Governing the on-surface dehydrogenation process is a step forward toward the tailored fabrication of molecular 2D nanoarchitectures distinct from graphene and exhibiting new properties of fundamental and technological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Pinardi
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ((ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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233
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Jiang L, Tang Y, Liow C, Wu J, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Dong Z, Li S, Dravid VP, Chen X. Synthesis of fivefold stellate polyhedral gold nanoparticles with {110}-facets via a seed-mediated growth method. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:705-710. [PMID: 23161845 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New Type of Gold Nanoparticle: A new class of fivefold stellate polyhedral gold nanoparticles (FSPAuNPs) with {110} facets have been synthesized by a seed-mediated growth method without adding surfactant. The size of FSPAuNPs can be simply adjusted from nanoscale to microscale by varying the amount of seeds, which results in a shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak from the visible to the NIR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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234
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Lin T, Shang XS, Adisoejoso J, Liu PN, Lin N. Steering on-surface polymerization with metal-directed template. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3576-82. [PMID: 23427979 DOI: 10.1021/ja311890n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On-surface polymerization represents a novel bottom-up approach for producing macromolecular structures. To date, however, most of the structures formed using this method exhibit a broad size distribution and are disorderly adsorbed on the surface. Here we demonstrate a strategy of using metal-directed template to control the on-surface polymerization process. We chose a bifunctional compound which contains pyridyl and bromine end groups as the precursor. Linear template afforded by pyridyl-Cu-pyridyl coordination effectively promoted Ullmann coupling of the monomers on a Au(111) surface. Taking advantage of efficient topochemical enhancement owing to the conformation flexibility of the Cu-pyridyl bonds, macromolecular porphyrin structures that exhibit a narrow size distribution were synthesized. We used scanning tunneling microscopy and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to gain insights into the metal-directed polymerization at the single molecule level. The results reveal that the polymerization process profited from the rich chemistry of Cu which catalyzed the C-C bond formation, controlled the size of the macromolecular products, and organized the macromolecules in a highly ordered manner on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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235
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Gao HY, Wagner H, Zhong D, Franke JH, Studer A, Fuchs H. Glaser coupling at metal surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4024-8. [PMID: 23424176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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236
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Gao HY, Wagner H, Zhong D, Franke JH, Studer A, Fuchs H. Glaser-Kupplungen auf Metalloberflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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237
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Li Q, Owens JR, Han C, Sumpter BG, Lu W, Bernholc J, Meunier V, Maksymovych P, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Pan M. Self-organized and cu-coordinated surface linear polymerization. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2102. [PMID: 23811605 PMCID: PMC3696919 DOI: 10.1038/srep02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a controllable surface-coordinated linear polymerization of long-chain poly(phenylacetylenyl)s that are self-organized into a "circuit-board" pattern on a Cu(100) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) corroborated by ab initio calculations, reveals the atomistic details of the molecular structure, and provides a clear signature of electronic and vibrational properties of the poly(phenylacetylene)s chains. Notably, the polymerization reaction is confined epitaxially to the copper lattice, despite a large strain along the polymerized chain that subsequently renders it metallic. Polymerization and depolymerization reactions can be controlled locally at the nanoscale by using a charged metal tip. This control demonstrates the possibility of precisely accessing and controlling conjugated chain-growth polymerization at low temperature. This finding may lead to the bottom-up design and realization of sophisticated architectures for molecular nano-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Owens
- Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Physics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Chengbo Han
- Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wenchang Lu
- Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jerzy Bernholc
- Center for High Performance Simulation and Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - V. Meunier
- Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Physics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Peter Maksymovych
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Minghu Pan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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238
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Chen ZY, Gao HW, He YY. Selective photodegradation and backfilling for regeneration of the inorganic–organic hybrid composite Fe3O4@C18ADB@Zn2SiO4 which captures organic pollutants from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22324h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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239
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Zhang X, Zeng Q, Wang C. Molecular templates and nano-reactors: two-dimensional hydrogen bonded supramolecular networks on solid/liquid interfaces. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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240
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Zhang YQ, Kepčija N, Kleinschrodt M, Diller K, Fischer S, Papageorgiou AC, Allegretti F, Björk J, Klyatskaya S, Klappenberger F, Ruben M, Barth JV. Homo-coupling of terminal alkynes on a noble metal surface. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1286. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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241
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Xie W, Walkenfort B, Schlücker S. Label-Free SERS Monitoring of Chemical Reactions Catalyzed by Small Gold Nanoparticles Using 3D Plasmonic Superstructures. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department
of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Department
of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Department
of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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242
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Saywell A, Schwarz J, Hecht S, Grill L. Polymerization on Stepped Surfaces: Alignment of Polymers and Identification of Catalytic Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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243
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Saywell A, Schwarz J, Hecht S, Grill L. Polymerization on stepped surfaces: alignment of polymers and identification of catalytic sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5096-100. [PMID: 22522422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Saywell
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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244
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Jiang L, Sun Y, Chen X. Chemical reaction on a solid surface with nanoconfined geometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:333-335. [PMID: 22173942 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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245
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