201
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Castillo-Tandazo W, Mutsaers AJ, Walkley CR. Osteosarcoma in the Post Genome Era: Preclinical Models and Approaches to Identify Tractable Therapeutic Targets. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:343-352. [PMID: 31529263 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone, yet is classified as a rare cancer. Treatment and outcomes for OS have not substantively changed in several decades. While the decoding of the OS genome greatly advanced the understanding of the mutational landscape of OS, immediately actionable therapeutic targets were not apparent. Here we describe recent preclinical models that can be leveraged to identify, test, and prioritize therapeutic candidates. RECENT FINDINGS The generation of multiple high fidelity murine models of OS, the spontaneous disease that arises in pet dogs, and the establishment of a diverse collection of patient-derived OS xenografts provide a robust preclinical platform for OS. These models enable evidence to be accumulated across multiple stages of preclinical evaluation. Chemical and genetic screening has identified therapeutic targets, often demonstrating cross species activity. Clinical trials in both PDX models and in canine OS have effectively tested new therapies for prioritization. Improving clinical outcomes in OS has proven elusive. The integrated target discovery and testing possible through a cross species platform provides validation of a putative target and may enable the rigorous evaluation of new therapies in models where endpoints can be rapidly assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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202
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Nelson DS, Marano RL, Joo Y, Tian SY, Patel B, Kaplan DH, Shlomchik MJ, Stevenson K, Bronson RT, Rollins BJ. BRAF V600E and Pten deletion in mice produces a histiocytic disorder with features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222400. [PMID: 31527903 PMCID: PMC6748438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by the accumulation of Langerin (CD207)-expressing histiocytes. Mutational activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes, in particular BRAF, drives most cases. To test whether activated BRAF is sufficient for the development of LCH, we engineered mice to express BRAF V600E under the control of the human Langerin promoter. These mice have shortened survivals, smaller lymphoid organs, absent Leydig cells, and fewer epidermal LCs than controls, but do not accumulate histiocytes. To test whether the absence of histiocyte proliferation could be due to oncogene-induced senescence, we engineered homozygous Pten loss in the same cells that expressed BRAF V600E. Like mice with intact Pten, these mice have shortened survivals, smaller thymi, and absent Leydig cells. However, loss of Pten also leads to the accumulation of CD207+ histiocytes in spleen, thymus, and some lymph nodes. While many CD207+ histiocytes in the thymus are CD8-, reminiscent of LCH cells, the CD207+ histiocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes are CD8+. These mice also accumulate large numbers of CD207- cells in the lamina propria (LP) of the small intestine. Both the lymphoid and LP phenotypes are likely due to human Langerin promoter-driven BRAF V600E expression in resident CD8+ dendritic cells in the former and LP dendritic cells in the latter and confirm that Pten loss is required to overcome inhibitory pathways induced by BRAF V600E expression. The complex phenotype of these mice is a consequence of the multiple murine cell types in which the human Langerin promoter is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Nelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryan L. Marano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yechaan Joo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sara Y. Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bhumi Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Kaplan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Barrett J. Rollins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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203
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Viny AD, Bowman RL, Liu Y, Lavallée VP, Eisman SE, Xiao W, Durham BH, Navitski A, Park J, Braunstein S, Alija B, Karzai A, Csete IS, Witkin M, Azizi E, Baslan T, Ott CJ, Pe'er D, Dekker J, Koche R, Levine RL. Cohesin Members Stag1 and Stag2 Display Distinct Roles in Chromatin Accessibility and Topological Control of HSC Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:682-696.e8. [PMID: 31495782 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators, including the cohesin complex member STAG2, are recurrently mutated in cancer. The role of STAG2 in gene regulation, hematopoiesis, and tumor suppression remains unresolved. We show that Stag2 deletion in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) results in altered hematopoietic function, increased self-renewal, and impaired differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing revealed that, although Stag2 and Stag1 bind a shared set of genomic loci, a component of Stag2 binding sites is unoccupied by Stag1, even in Stag2-deficient HSPCs. Although concurrent loss of Stag2 and Stag1 abrogated hematopoiesis, Stag2 loss alone decreased chromatin accessibility and transcription of lineage-specification genes, including Ebf1 and Pax5, leading to increased self-renewal and reduced HSPC commitment to the B cell lineage. Our data illustrate a role for Stag2 in transformation and transcriptional dysregulation distinct from its shared role with Stag1 in chromosomal segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Viny
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert L Bowman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shira E Eisman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anastasia Navitski
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jane Park
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Braunstein
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Besmira Alija
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abdul Karzai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Isabelle S Csete
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Witkin
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Center for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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204
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Guillamot M, Ouazia D, Dolgalev I, Yeung ST, Kourtis N, Dai Y, Corrigan K, Zea-Redondo L, Saraf A, Florens L, Washburn MP, Tikhonova AN, Malumbres M, Gong Y, Tsirigos A, Park C, Barbieri C, Khanna KM, Busino L, Aifantis I. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP controls resolution of systemic inflammation by triggering MYD88 degradation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1196-1207. [PMID: 31406379 PMCID: PMC7376385 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The response to systemic infection and injury requires the rapid adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which proliferate and divert their differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Significant interest has emerged in understanding the signals that trigger the emergency hematopoietic program. However, the mechanisms that halt this response of HSCs, which is critical to restore homeostasis, remain unknown. Here we reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle-type BTB-POZ protein (SPOP) restrains the inflammatory activation of HSCs. In the absence of Spop, systemic inflammation proceeded in an unresolved manner, and the sustained response in the HSCs resulted in a lethal phenotype reminiscent of hyper-inflammatory syndrome or sepsis. Our proteomic studies decipher that SPOP restricted inflammation by ubiquitinating the innate signal transducer myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88). These findings unearth an HSC-intrinsic post-translational mechanism that is essential for reestablishing homeostasis after emergency hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guillamot
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Dahmane Ouazia
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T. Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikos Kourtis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuling Dai
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Corrigan
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luna Zea-Redondo
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Washburn
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Tikhonova
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Malumbres
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M. Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
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205
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Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Vukovic M, Abdelfattah A, Saleh L, Almotiri A, Thomas LA, Agirre-Lizaso A, Azevedo A, Menezes AC, Tornillo G, Edkins S, Kong K, Giles P, Anjos-Afonso F, Tonks A, Boyd AS, Kranc KR, Rodrigues NP. Gata2 as a Crucial Regulator of Stem Cells in Adult Hematopoiesis and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:291-306. [PMID: 31378673 PMCID: PMC6700503 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subversion of transcription factor (TF) activity in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to the development of therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that drive fulminant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using a conditional mouse model where zinc-finger TF Gata2 was deleted specifically in hematopoietic cells, we show that knockout of Gata2 leads to rapid and complete cell-autonomous loss of adult hematopoietic stem cells. By using short hairpin RNAi to target GATA2, we also identify a requirement for GATA2 in human HSPCs. In Meis1a/Hoxa9-driven AML, deletion of Gata2 impedes maintenance and self-renewal of LSCs. Ablation of Gata2 enforces an LSC-specific program of enhanced apoptosis, exemplified by attenuation of anti-apoptotic factor BCL2, and re-instigation of myeloid differentiation--which is characteristically blocked in AML. Thus, GATA2 acts as a critical regulator of normal and leukemic stem cells and mediates transcriptional networks that may be exploited therapeutically to target key facets of LSC behavior in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Self Renewal
- Disease Models, Animal
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Centre for Hemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lubaid Saleh
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aloña Agirre-Lizaso
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Hematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Hematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Kay Kong
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Peter Giles
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK
| | - Fernando Anjos-Afonso
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Hematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Ashleigh S Boyd
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Centre for Hemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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206
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Kallunki T, Barisic M, Jäättelä M, Liu B. How to Choose the Right Inducible Gene Expression System for Mammalian Studies? Cells 2019; 8:cells8080796. [PMID: 31366153 PMCID: PMC6721553 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible gene expression systems are favored over stable expression systems in a wide variety of basic and applied research areas, including functional genomics, gene therapy, tissue engineering, biopharmaceutical protein production and drug discovery. This is because they are mostly reversible and thus more flexible to use. Furthermore, compared to constitutive expression, they generally exhibit a higher efficiency and have fewer side effects, such as cell death and delayed growth or development. Empowered by decades of development of inducible gene expression systems, researchers can now efficiently activate or suppress any gene, temporarily and quantitively at will, depending on experimental requirements and designs. Here, we review a number of most commonly used mammalian inducible expression systems and provide basic standards and criteria for the selection of the most suitable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Kallunki
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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207
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Farhana I, Hossain MN, Suzuki K, Matsuda T, Nagai T. Genetically Encoded Fluorescence/Bioluminescence Bimodal Indicators for Ca 2+ Imaging. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1825-1834. [PMID: 31276380 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent and bioluminescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) are an indispensable tool for monitoring Ca2+ dynamics in numerous cellular events. Although fluorescent GECIs have a high spatiotemporal resolution, their application is often confined to short-term imaging due to the external illumination that causes phototoxicity and autofluorescence from specimens. Bioluminescent GECIs overcome these pitfalls with enhanced compatibility to optogenetic manipulation and photophysiological processes; however, they are compromised for spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, there has been a push toward the use of Ca2+ indicators that possess the advantages of both fluorescent and bioluminescent GECI for a wide range of applications. To address this, we developed a high-affinity bimodal GECI, GLICO, using a single fluorescent protein-based GECI combined with a split luciferase. Through this novel design, the fusion protein becomes bimodal and possesses Ca2+ sensing properties similar to those of its fluorescent ancestor and confers bioluminescence-based Ca2+ imaging. GLICO in bioluminescence mode has the highest dynamic range (2200%) of all bioluminescent GECIs. We demonstrated the performance of GLICO in studying cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in different cultured cells in each mode. With the purpose of Ca2+ imaging in high Ca2+ content organelle, we also created a low-affinity variant, ReBLICO and performed Ca2+ imaging of the ER in both fluorescence and bioluminescence modes. The ability to switch between fluorescence and bioluminescence modes with a single indicator would benefit transgenic applications by presenting an opportunity for a wide range of live Ca2+ imaging in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Farhana
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Md Nadim Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
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208
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Bressan RB, Pollard SM. Genome Editing in Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 66:163-182. [PMID: 30209659 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
Experimental tools for precise manipulation of mammalian genomes enable reverse genetic approaches to explore biology and disease. Powerful genome editing technologies built upon designer nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have recently emerged. Parallel progress has been made in methodologies for the expansion and differentiation of human pluripotent and tissue stem cells. Together these innovations provide a remarkable new toolbox for human cellular genetics and are opening up vast opportunities for discoveries and applications across the breadth of life sciences research. In this chapter, we review the emergence of genome editing technologies and how these are being deployed in studies of human neurobiology, neurological disease, and neuro-oncology. We focus our discussion on CRISPR/Cas9 and its application in studies of human neural stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Bardini Bressan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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209
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Transcription factor Oct1 protects against hematopoietic stress and promotes acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2019; 76:38-48.e2. [PMID: 31295506 PMCID: PMC7670548 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the development and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is necessary to improve patient outcome. Here we define roles for the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 in AML and normal hematopoiesis. Inappropriate reactivation of the CDX2 gene is widely observed in leukemia patients and in leukemia mouse models. We show that Oct1 associates with the CDX2 promoter in both normal and AML primary patient samples, but recruits the histone demethylase Jmjd1a/Kdm3a to remove the repressive H3K9me2 mark only in malignant specimens. The CpG DNA immediately adjacent to the Oct1 binding site within the CDX2 promoter exhibits variable DNA methylation in healthy control blood and bone marrow samples, but complete demethylation in AML samples. In MLL-AF9-driven mouse models, partial loss of Oct1 protects from myeloid leukemia. Complete Oct1 loss completely suppresses leukemia but results in lethality from bone marrow failure. Loss of Oct1 in normal hematopoietic transplants results in superficially normal long-term reconstitution; however, animals become acutely sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, indicating that Oct1 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis but protects blood progenitor cells against external chemotoxic stress. These findings elucidate a novel and important role for Oct1 in AML.
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210
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Paris J, Morgan M, Campos J, Spencer GJ, Shmakova A, Ivanova I, Mapperley C, Lawson H, Wotherspoon DA, Sepulveda C, Vukovic M, Allen L, Sarapuu A, Tavosanis A, Guitart AV, Villacreces A, Much C, Choe J, Azar A, van de Lagemaat LN, Vernimmen D, Nehme A, Mazurier F, Somervaille TCP, Gregory RI, O'Carroll D, Kranc KR. Targeting the RNA m 6A Reader YTHDF2 Selectively Compromises Cancer Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:137-148.e6. [PMID: 31031138 PMCID: PMC6617387 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and primitive progenitors that blocks their myeloid differentiation, generating self-renewing leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Here, we show that the mRNA m6A reader YTHDF2 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human AML and is required for disease initiation as well as propagation in mouse and human AML. YTHDF2 decreases the half-life of diverse m6A transcripts that contribute to the overall integrity of LSC function, including the tumor necrosis factor receptor Tnfrsf2, whose upregulation in Ythdf2-deficient LSCs primes cells for apoptosis. Intriguingly, YTHDF2 is not essential for normal HSC function, with YTHDF2 deficiency actually enhancing HSC activity. Thus, we identify YTHDF2 as a unique therapeutic target whose inhibition selectively targets LSCs while promoting HSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Paris
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marcos Morgan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gary J Spencer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Alena Shmakova
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ivayla Ivanova
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Christopher Mapperley
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Lawson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David A Wotherspoon
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catarina Sepulveda
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Milica Vukovic
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lewis Allen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Annika Sarapuu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Tavosanis
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Amelie V Guitart
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Christian Much
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Junho Choe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Azar
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Louie N van de Lagemaat
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Ali Nehme
- Université de Tours, CNRS, LNOx ERL 7001, Tours, France
| | | | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Richard I Gregory
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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211
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Li W, Yang L, He Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Ma X, Ma X, Bao S, Li L, Chen Y, Deng X, Zhang X, Cen J, Zhang L, Wang Z, Xie WF, Li H, Li Y, Hui L. A Homeostatic Arid1a-Dependent Permissive Chromatin State Licenses Hepatocyte Responsiveness to Liver-Injury-Associated YAP Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:54-68.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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212
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Laidlaw BJ, Gray EE, Zhang Y, Ramírez-Valle F, Cyster JG. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 restrains egress of γδ T cells from the skin. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1487-1496. [PMID: 31160320 PMCID: PMC6605748 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a population of IL-17-committed γδ T cells in the dermis is important in promoting tissue immunity. However, the signals facilitating γδ T cell retention within the dermis remain poorly understood. Here, we find that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) acts in a cell-intrinsic manner to oppose γδ T cell migration from the dermis to the skin draining lymph node (dLN). Migration of dermal γδ T cells to the dLN under steady-state conditions occurs in an S1PR1-dependent manner. S1PR1 and CD69 are reciprocally expressed on dermal γδ T cells, with loss of CD69 associated with increased S1PR1 expression and enhanced migration to the dLN. γδ T cells lacking both S1PR2 and CD69 are impaired in their maintenance within the dermis. These findings provide a mechanism for how IL-17+ γδ T cells establish residence within the dermis and identify a role for S1PR2 in restraining the egress of tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Laidlaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elizabeth E Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Francisco Ramírez-Valle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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213
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Peng B, Tian D, Zhang D, Li Y, Feng X, Liu J, Li J, Zhang T, Liu X, Lu J, Chen B, Wang S. Generating viable mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in two-cell embryos. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2883. [PMID: 31253768 PMCID: PMC6599060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of mouse genes, about 25%, are embryonically lethal when knocked out. Using current genetic tools, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, it is difficult-or even impossible-to produce viable mice with heritable embryonically lethal mutations. Here, we establish a one-step method for microinjection of CRISPR reagents into one blastomere of two-cell embryos to generate viable chimeric founder mice with a heritable embryonically lethal mutation, of either Virma or Dpm1. By examining founder mice, we identify a phenotype and role of Virma in regulating kidney metabolism in adult mice. Additionally, we generate knockout mice with a heritable postnatally lethal mutation, of either Slc17a5 or Ctla-4, and study its function in vivo. This one-step method provides a convenient system that rapidly generates knockout mice possessing lethal phenotypes. This allows relatively easy in vivo study of the associated genes' functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Boya Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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214
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Gu Z, Liu Y, Cai F, Patrick M, Zmajkovic J, Cao H, Zhang Y, Tasdogan A, Chen M, Qi L, Liu X, Li K, Lyu J, Dickerson KE, Chen W, Ni M, Merritt ME, Morrison SJ, Skoda RC, DeBerardinis RJ, Xu J. Loss of EZH2 Reprograms BCAA Metabolism to Drive Leukemic Transformation. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1228-1247. [PMID: 31189531 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene regulation and metabolism are highly intertwined, yet little is known about whether altered epigenetics influence cellular metabolism during cancer progression. Here, we show that EZH2 and NRASG12D mutations cooperatively induce progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms to highly penetrant, transplantable, and lethal myeloid leukemias in mice. EZH1, an EZH2 homolog, is indispensable for EZH2-deficient leukemia-initiating cells and constitutes an epigenetic vulnerability. BCAT1, which catalyzes the reversible transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), is repressed by EZH2 in normal hematopoiesis and aberrantly activated in EZH2-deficient myeloid neoplasms in mice and humans. BCAT1 reactivation cooperates with NRASG12D to sustain intracellular BCAA pools, resulting in enhanced mTOR signaling in EZH2-deficient leukemia cells. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BCAT1 selectively impairs EZH2-deficient leukemia-initiating cells and constitutes a metabolic vulnerability. Hence, epigenetic alterations rewire intracellular metabolism during leukemic transformation, causing epigenetic and metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer-initiating cells. SIGNIFICANCE: EZH2 inactivation and oncogenic NRAS cooperate to induce leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms by activating BCAT1 to enhance BCAA metabolism and mTOR signaling. We uncover a mechanism by which epigenetic alterations rewire metabolism during cancer progression, causing epigenetic and metabolic liabilities in cancer-initiating cells that may be exploited as potential therapeutics.See related commentary by Li and Melnick, p. 1158.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Feng Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - McKenzie Patrick
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jakub Zmajkovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Cao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Le Qi
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xin Liu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kailong Li
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Junhua Lyu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Dickerson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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215
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation requires the trithorax protein Ash2l. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8262. [PMID: 31164666 PMCID: PMC6547667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of core histones participate in controlling the expression of genes. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4), together with acetylation of H3K27, is closely associated with open chromatin and gene transcription. H3K4 methylation is catalyzed by KMT2 lysine methyltransferases that include the mixed-lineage leukemia 1–4 (MLL1-4) and SET1A and B enzymes. For efficient catalysis, all six require a core complex of four proteins, WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30. We report that targeted disruption of Ash2l in the murine hematopoietic system results in the death of the mice due to a rapid loss of mature hematopoietic cells. However, lin−Sca1+Kit+ (LSK) cells, which are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cells, accumulated in the bone marrow. The loss of Ash2l resulted in global reduction of H3K4 methylation and deregulated gene expression, including down-regulation of many mitosis-associated genes. As a consequence, LSK cells accumulated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle and were unable to proliferate and differentiate. In conclusion, Ash2l is essential for balanced gene expression and for hematopoietic stem and multi-potent progenitor cell physiology.
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216
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Poulin EJ, Bera AK, Lu J, Lin YJ, Strasser SD, Paulo JA, Huang TQ, Morales C, Yan W, Cook J, Nowak JA, Brubaker DK, Joughin BA, Johnson CW, DeStefanis RA, Ghazi PC, Gondi S, Wales TE, Iacob RE, Bogdanova L, Gierut JJ, Li Y, Engen JR, Perez-Mancera PA, Braun BS, Gygi SP, Lauffenburger DA, Westover KD, Haigis KM. Tissue-Specific Oncogenic Activity of KRAS A146T. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:738-755. [PMID: 30952657 PMCID: PMC6548671 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene. The incidence of specific KRAS alleles varies between cancers from different sites, but it is unclear whether allelic selection results from biological selection for specific mutant KRAS proteins. We used a cross-disciplinary approach to compare KRASG12D, a common mutant form, and KRASA146T, a mutant that occurs only in selected cancers. Biochemical and structural studies demonstrated that KRASA146T exhibits a marked extension of switch 1 away from the protein body and nucleotide binding site, which activates KRAS by promoting a high rate of intrinsic and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-induced nucleotide exchange. Using mice genetically engineered to express either allele, we found that KRASG12D and KRASA146T exhibit distinct tissue-specific effects on homeostasis that mirror mutational frequencies in human cancers. These tissue-specific phenotypes result from allele-specific signaling properties, demonstrating that context-dependent variations in signaling downstream of different KRAS mutants drive the KRAS mutational pattern seen in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Although epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested allele-specific behaviors for KRAS, experimental evidence for allele-specific biological properties is limited. We combined structural biology, mass spectrometry, and mouse modeling to demonstrate that the selection for specific KRAS mutants in human cancers from different tissues is due to their distinct signaling properties.See related commentary by Hobbs and Der, p. 696.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Poulin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Asim K Bera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jia Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yi-Jang Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Dale Strasser
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tannie Q Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolina Morales
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Yan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joshua Cook
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas K Brubaker
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christian W Johnson
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca A DeStefanis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phaedra C Ghazi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudershan Gondi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lana Bogdanova
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica J Gierut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yina Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro A Perez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin S Braun
- Department of Pediatrics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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217
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Non-canonical function of IRE1α determines mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum composition to control calcium transfer and bioenergetics. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:755-767. [PMID: 31110288 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are central microdomains that fine-tune bioenergetics by the local transfer of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondrial matrix. Here, we report an unexpected function of the endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer IRE1α as a structural determinant of MAMs that controls mitochondrial calcium uptake. IRE1α deficiency resulted in marked alterations in mitochondrial physiology and energy metabolism under resting conditions. IRE1α determined the distribution of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors at MAMs by operating as a scaffold. Using mutagenesis analysis, we separated the housekeeping activity of IRE1α at MAMs from its canonical role in the unfolded protein response. These observations were validated in vivo in the liver of IRE1α conditional knockout mice, revealing broad implications for cellular metabolism. Our results support an alternative function of IRE1α in orchestrating the communication between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to sustain bioenergetics.
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218
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Loizou E, Banito A, Livshits G, Ho YJ, Koche RP, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Mayle A, Chen CC, Kinalis S, Bagger FO, Kastenhuber ER, Durham BH, Lowe SW. A Gain-of-Function p53-Mutant Oncogene Promotes Cell Fate Plasticity and Myeloid Leukemia through the Pluripotency Factor FOXH1. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:962-979. [PMID: 31068365 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are common in many cancer types, including the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype known as complex karyotype AML (CK-AML). Here, we identify a gain-of-function (GOF) Trp53 mutation that accelerates CK-AML initiation beyond p53 loss and, surprisingly, is required for disease maintenance. The Trp53R172H mutation (TP53R175H in humans) exhibits a neomorphic function by promoting aberrant self-renewal in leukemic cells, a phenotype that is present in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) even prior to their transformation. We identify FOXH1 as a critical mediator of mutant p53 function that binds to and regulates stem cell-associated genes and transcriptional programs. Our results identify a context where mutant p53 acts as a bona fide oncogene that contributes to the pathogenesis of CK-AML and suggests a common biological theme for TP53 GOF in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study demonstrates how a GOF p53 mutant can hijack an embryonic transcription factor to promote aberrant self-renewal. In this context, mutant Trp53 functions as an oncogene to both initiate and sustain myeloid leukemia and suggests a potential convergent activity of mutant Trp53 across cancer types.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Loizou
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Ana Banito
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Geulah Livshits
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Allison Mayle
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Savvas Kinalis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik O Bagger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshopitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, UKBB Universitats-Kinderspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
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219
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Stage-specific requirement for Mettl3-dependent m 6A mRNA methylation during haematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:700-709. [PMID: 31061465 PMCID: PMC6556891 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain balanced self-renewal and differentiation, but how these functions are precisely regulated is not fully understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation has emerged as an important mode of epitranscriptional gene expression regulation affecting many biological processes. We show that deleting the m6A methyltransferase, Mettl3, from the adult haematopoietic system led to an accumulation of HSCs in the bone marrow and marked reduction of reconstitution potential due to a blockage of HSC differentiation. Interestingly, deleting Mettl3 from myeloid cells using Lysm-cre did not impact myeloid cell number or function. m6A sequencing revealed 2,073 genes with significant m6A modification in HSCs. Myc was identified as a direct target of m6A in HSCs. Mettl3-deficient HSCs failed to up-regulate MYC expression upon stimulation to differentiate and enforced expression of Myc rescued differentiation defects of Mettl3-deficient HSCs. Our results revealed a key role of m6A in governing HSC differentiation.
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220
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Chand V, Pandey A, Kopanja D, Guzman G, Raychaudhuri P. Opposing Roles of the Forkhead Box Factors FoxM1 and FoxA2 in Liver Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1063-1074. [PMID: 30814128 PMCID: PMC6497570 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor FoxM1 is essential for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and its overexpression coincides with poor prognosis. Here, we show that the mechanisms by which FoxM1 drives HCC progression involve overcoming the inhibitory effects of the liver differentiation gene FoxA2. First, the expression patterns of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in human HCC are opposite. We show that FoxM1 represses expression of FoxA2 in G1 phase. Repression of FoxA2 in G1 phase is important, as it is capable of inhibiting expression of the pluripotency genes that are expressed mainly in S-G2 phases. Using a transgenic mouse model for oncogenic Ras-driven HCC, we provide genetic evidence for a repression of FoxA2 by FoxM1. Conversely, FoxA2 inhibits expression of FoxM1 and inhibits FoxM1-induced tumorigenicity. Also, FoxA2 inhibits Ras-induced HCC progression that involves FoxM1. IMPLICATIONS: The observations provide strong genetic evidence for an opposing role of FoxM1 and FoxA2 in HCC progression. Moreover, FoxM1 drives high-grade HCC progression partly by inhibiting the hepatocyte differentiation gene FoxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Chand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akshay Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dragana Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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221
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Wu B, Pan X, Chen X, Chen M, Shi K, Xu J, Zheng J, Niu T, Chen C, Shuai X, Liu Y. Epigenetic drug library screening identified an LSD1 inhibitor to target UTX-deficient cells for differentiation therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:11. [PMID: 31044091 PMCID: PMC6483994 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UTX (also known as KDM6A), a histone 3 lysine 27 demethylase, is among the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recent studies have suggested that UTX mutations promote MDS and AML by blocking the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we performed an epigenetic drug library screening for small molecules able to release the differentiation block on HSPCs induced by UTX deficiency. We found that SP2509, a selective inhibitor of LSD1, specifically promoted the differentiation of Utx-null HSPCs while sparing wild-type HSPCs. Transcriptome profiling showed that Utx loss reduced the expression of differentiation-related and tumor suppressor genes, correlating with their potential roles in HSPC self-renewal and leukemogenesis. In contrast, SP2509 treatment reversed these changes in gene expression in Utx-null HSPCs. Accordingly, Utx loss decreased H3K4 methylation level probably through the COMPASS-like complex, while LSD1 inhibition by SP2509 partially reversed the reduction of H3K4 methylation in Utx-deficient HSPCs. Further, SP2509 promoted the differentiation of Utx-null AML cells in vitro and in vivo and, therefore, extended the survival of these leukemic mice. Thus, our study identified a novel strategy to specifically target both premalignant and malignant cells with Utx deficiency for differentiation therapy and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Utx in regulating HSPCs and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Wu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiangyu Pan
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Kaidou Shi
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jianan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiao Shuai
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan China
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222
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The PAF1c Subunit CDC73 Is Required for Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance but Displays Leukemia-Specific Gene Regulation. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1069-1083. [PMID: 31031188 PMCID: PMC6524170 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polymerase Associated Factor 1 complex (PAF1c) functions at the interface of epigenetics and gene transcription. The PAF1c is required for MLL fusion-driven acute myeloid leukemia (AML) through direct regulation of pro-leukemic target genes such as Hoxa9 and Meis1. However, the role of the PAF1c in normal hematopoiesis is unknown. Here, we discovered that the PAF1c subunit, CDC73, is required for both fetal and adult hematopoiesis. Loss of Cdc73 in hematopoietic cells is lethal because of extensive bone marrow failure. Cdc73 has an essential cell-autonomous role for adult hematopoietic stem cell function in vivo, and deletion of Cdc73 results in cell-cycle defects in hematopoietic progenitors. Gene expression profiling indicated a differential regulation of Hoxa9/Meis1 gene programs by CDC73 in progenitors compared with AML cells, suggesting disease-specific functions. Thus, the PAF1c subunit, CDC73 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell function but exhibits leukemia-specific regulation of self-renewal gene programs in AML cells. CDC73 is necessary for embryonic and adult hematopoietic stem cell function Proliferation and survival of cKIT+ hematopoietic progenitors require CDC73 CDC73 regulates unique gene programs in leukemia and hematopoietic progenitor cells
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223
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Scaramozza A, Park D, Kollu S, Beerman I, Sun X, Rossi DJ, Lin CP, Scadden DT, Crist C, Brack AS. Lineage Tracing Reveals a Subset of Reserve Muscle Stem Cells Capable of Clonal Expansion under Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:944-957.e5. [PMID: 31006621 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell heterogeneity is recognized as functionally relevant for tissue homeostasis and repair. The identity, context dependence, and regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) subsets remains poorly understood. We identify a minor subset of Pax7+ SCs that is indelibly marked by an inducible Mx1-Cre transgene in vivo, is enriched for Pax3 expression, and has reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. Mx1+ SCs possess potent stem cell activity upon transplantation but minimally contribute to endogenous muscle repair, due to their relative low abundance. In contrast, a dramatic clonal expansion of Mx1+ SCs allows extensive contribution to muscle repair and niche repopulation upon selective pressure of radiation stress, consistent with reserve stem cell (RSC) properties. Loss of Pax3 in RSCs increased ROS content and diminished survival and stress tolerance. These observations demonstrate that the Pax7+ SC pool contains a discrete population of radiotolerant RSCs that undergo clonal expansion under severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Scaramozza
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swapna Kollu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Advanced Microscopy Program, Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Colin Crist
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Andrew S Brack
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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224
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Hannemann N, Cao S, Eriksson D, Schnelzer A, Jordan J, Eberhardt M, Schleicher U, Rech J, Ramming A, Uebe S, Ekici A, Cañete JD, Chen X, Bäuerle T, Vera J, Bogdan C, Schett G, Bozec A. Transcription factor Fra-1 targets arginase-1 to enhance macrophage-mediated inflammation in arthritis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2669-2684. [PMID: 30990796 DOI: 10.1172/jci96832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages is regulated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In this manuscript, we delineated the role of the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) during macrophage activation and development of arthritis. Network level interaction analysis of microarray data derived from Fra-1- or Fra-2-deficient macrophages revealed a central role of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2 in orchestrating the expression of genes related to wound response, toll-like receptor activation and interleukin signaling. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and standard ChIP analyses of macrophages identified arginase 1 (Arg1) as a target of Fra-1. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that Fra-1 down-regulated Arg1 expression by direct binding to the promoter region. Using macrophage-specific Fra-1- or Fra-2- deficient mice, we observed an enhanced expression and activity of Arg1 and a reduction of arthritis in the absence of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2. This phenotype was reversed by treatment with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, while ʟ-arginine supplementation increased arginase activity and alleviated arthritis, supporting the notion that reduced arthritis in macrophage-specific Fra-1-deficient mice resulted from enhanced Arg1 expression and activity. Moreover, patients with active RA showed increased Fra-1 expression in the peripheral blood and elevated Fra-1 protein in synovial macrophages compared to RA patients in remission. In addition, the Fra-1/ARG1 ratio in synovial macrophages was related to RA disease activity. In conclusion, these data suggest that Fra-1 orchestrates the inflammatory state of macrophages by inhibition of Arg1 expression and thereby impedes the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Anne Schnelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona e IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
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225
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent tissue stem cells that differentiate into a number of mesodermal tissue types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myofibroblasts. MSCs were originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) of humans and other mammals, but recent studies have shown that they are multilineage progenitors in various adult organs and tissues. MSCs that localize at perivascular sites function to rapidly respond to external stimuli and coordinate with the vascular and immune systems to accomplish the wound healing process. Cancer, considered as wounds that never heal, is also accompanied by changes in MSCs that parallels the wound healing response. MSCs are now recognized as key players at distinct steps of tumorigenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of MSCs in wound healing and cancer progression with the goal of providing insight into the development of novel MSC-manipulating strategies for clinical cancer treatment.
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226
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Di Genua C, Norfo R, Rodriguez-Meira A, Wen WX, Drissen R, Booth CAG, Povinelli B, Repapi E, Gray N, Carrelha J, Kettyle LM, Jamieson L, Neo WH, Thongjuea S, Nerlov C, Mead AJ. Cell-intrinsic depletion of Aml1-ETO-expressing pre-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells by K-Ras activating mutation. Haematologica 2019; 104:2215-2224. [PMID: 30975913 PMCID: PMC6821613 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia are acquired sequentially and hierarchically. First, pre-leukemic mutations, such as t(8;21) that encodes AML1-ETO, are acquired within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, while signaling pathway mutations, including KRAS activating mutations, are late events acquired during transformation of leukemic progenitor cells and are rarely detectable in HSC. This raises the possibility that signaling pathway mutations are detrimental to clonal expansion of pre-leukemic HSC. To address this hypothesis, we used conditional genetics to introduce Aml1-ETO and K-RasG12D into murine HSC, either individually or in combination. In the absence of activated Ras, Aml1-ETO-expressing HSC conferred a competitive advantage. However, activated K-Ras had a marked detrimental effect on Aml1-ETO-expressing HSC, leading to loss of both phenotypic and functional HSC. Cell cycle analysis revealed a loss of quiescence in HSC co-expressing Aml1-ETO and K-RasG12D, accompanied by an enrichment in E2F and Myc target gene expression and depletion of HSC self-renewal-associated gene expression. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the observed absence of KRAS signaling mutations in the pre-malignant HSC compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Xiong Wen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit.,WIMM Centre for Computational Biology
| | | | | | | | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicki Gray
- Computational Biology Research Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit.,WIMM Centre for Computational Biology
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227
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Mallaney C, Ostrander EL, Celik H, Kramer AC, Martens A, Kothari A, Koh WK, Haussler E, Iwamori N, Gontarz P, Zhang B, Challen GA. Kdm6b regulates context-dependent hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2019; 33:2506-2521. [PMID: 30936419 PMCID: PMC6773521 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM6B (JMJD3) is upregulated in blood disorders, suggesting it may have important pathogenic functions. Here we examined the function of Kdm6b in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. Loss of Kdm6b lead to depletion of phenotypic and functional HSCs in adult mice, and Kdm6b is necessary for HSC self-renewal in response to inflammatory and proliferative stress. Loss of Kdm6b leads to a pro-differentiation poised state in HSCs due to the increased expression of the AP-1 transcription factor complex (Fos and Jun) and immediate early response (IER) genes. These gene expression changes occurred independently of chromatin modifications. Targeting AP-1 restored function of Kdm6b-deficient HSCs, suggesting Kdm6b regulates this complex during HSC stress response. We also show Kdm6b supports developmental context-dependent leukemogenesis for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and M5 acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Kdm6b is required for effective fetal-derived T-ALL and adult-derived AML, but not vice versa. These studies identify a crucial role for Kdm6b in regulating HSC self-renewal in different contexts, and highlight the potential of KDM6B as a therapeutic target in different hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cates Mallaney
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Ostrander
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashley C Kramer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Martens
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alok Kothari
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Won Kyun Koh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Emily Haussler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Naoki Iwamori
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Division of Pathobiology, Department of Basic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Grant A Challen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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228
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Couasnay G, Frey C, Elefteriou F. Promoter Cre-Specific Genotyping Assays for Authentication of Cre-Driver Mouse Lines. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10128. [PMID: 31044186 PMCID: PMC6478581 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre-LoxP system gene knockout (KO) technology provides cell- and time-specificity of gene ablation to investigate cell-autonomous gene function in vivo, and is paramount for understanding the function of genes involved in bone development, remodeling, and repair. This approach permits gene ablation in a cell- or tissue-specific, differentiation stage-specific, and inducible manner, thanks to the use of well-chosen promoters that drive expression of the Cre recombinase in selected cells/tissues. The generation of these powerful tools has led to the expansion of Cre mouse lines available to the research community, which are often shared within and between laboratories. Although convenient and commonly used, genotyping these Cre lines with a generic set of primers that amplifies the Cre transgene does not distinguish between various Cre-deleter lines. This practice poses the significant risk of mistakenly swapping Cre lineages, as laboratories often host and handle several lines at a time and utilize multiple lines per project. In line with the NIH-led effort to promote authentication of biological reagents and increase scientific rigor, we report here strategies for designing appropriate sets of primers able to discriminate some of most widely used Cre-deleter mouse lines in the field of bone biology, and the validation of 24 of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Departments of Human and Molecular GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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229
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Han L, Madan V, Mayakonda A, Dakle P, Woon TW, Shyamsunder P, Nordin HBM, Cao Z, Sundaresan J, Lei I, Wang Z, Koeffler HP. Chromatin remodeling mediated by ARID1A is indispensable for normal hematopoiesis in mice. Leukemia 2019; 33:2291-2305. [PMID: 30858552 PMCID: PMC6756219 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of chromatin architecture is vital to physiological processes including hematopoiesis. ARID1A is a core component of the mammalian SWI/SNF complex, which is one of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. To uncover the role of ARID1A in hematopoietic development, we utilized hematopoietic cell-specific deletion of Arid1a in mice. We demonstrate that ARID1A is essential for maintaining the frequency and function of hematopoietic stem cells and its loss impairs the differentiation of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. ARID1A deficiency led to a global reduction in open chromatin and ensuing transcriptional changes affected key genes involved in hematopoietic development. We also observed that silencing of ARID1A affected ATRA-induced differentiation of NB4 cells, suggesting its role in granulocytic differentiation of human leukemic cells. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive elucidation of the function of ARID1A in hematopoiesis and highlights the central role of ARID1A-containing SWI/SNF complex in maintaining chromatin dynamics in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikas Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pushkar Dakle
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teoh Weoi Woon
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zeya Cao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janani Sundaresan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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230
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Ni F, Yu WM, Li Z, Graham DK, Jin L, Kang S, Rossi MR, Li S, Broxmeyer HE, Qu CK. Critical role of ASCT2-mediated amino acid metabolism in promoting leukaemia development and progression. Nat Metab 2019; 1:390-403. [PMID: 31535081 PMCID: PMC6750232 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism is involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell survival and growth, however it remains unclear how it regulates normal hematopoiesis versus leukemogenesis. Here, we report that knockout of Slc1a5 (ASCT2), a transporter of neutral AAs, especially glutamine, results in mild to moderate defects in bone marrow and mature blood cell development under steady state conditions. In contrast, constitutive or induced deletion of Slc1a5 decreases leukemia initiation and maintenance driven by the oncogene MLL-AF9 or Pten deficiency. Survival of leukemic mice is prolonged following Slc1a5 deletion, and pharmacological inhibition of ASCT2 also decreases leukemia development and progression in xenograft models of human acute myeloid leukemia. Mechanistically, loss of ASCT2 generates a global effect on cellular metabolism, disrupts leucine influx and mTOR signaling, and induces apoptosis in leukemic cells. Given the substantial difference in reliance on ASCT2-mediated AA metabolism between normal and malignant blood cells, this in vivo study suggests ASCT2 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Rossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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231
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Schulien I, Hockenjos B, Schmitt-Graeff A, Perdekamp MG, Follo M, Thimme R, Hasselblatt P. The transcription factor c-Jun/AP-1 promotes liver fibrosis during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating Osteopontin expression. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1688-1699. [PMID: 30778201 PMCID: PMC6748141 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key step of NASH pathogenesis. The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is an important regulator of hepatic stress responses, but its contribution to NASH pathogenesis remains poorly defined. We therefore addressed c-Jun expression in liver biopsies of patients with steatosis and NASH. The role of c-Jun during NASH pathogenesis was analyzed mechanistically in c-Jun mutant mice fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Disease progression from steatosis to NASH in patients correlated with increased c-Jun expression in hepatocytes, while its expression in non-parenchymal liver cells (NPLCs) particularly correlated with fibrosis. Analysis of untreated and MCDD-fed mice lacking c-Jun in hepatocytes (c-Jun∆li) revealed that c-Jun promotes hepatocyte survival, thereby protecting against the regenerative ductular reaction (DR) of Sox9/Osteopontin (Opn) co-expressing NPLCs, expression of the Opn receptor CD44 and fibrosis, which were all exacerbated in c-Jun∆li mice. Since Opn and c-Jun were co-expressed by NPLCs in mice and patients with NASH, we wondered whether the increased fibrosis observed in c-Jun∆li mice could be rescued by additional c-Jun deletion in NPLCs (c-Jun∆li*). c-Jun∆li* mice with NASH indeed exhibited reduced expression of Opn and CD44 in NPLCs, impaired DR and reduced fibrosis. A similar phenotype was observed in Opn knockout mice, suggesting that the observed functions of c-Jun were indeed Opn-dependent. In conclusion, c-Jun expression correlates with disease progression from steatosis to NASH in patients and exerts cell-type-specific functions in mice: In hepatocytes, it promotes cell survival thereby limiting the DR and fibrogenesis. In NPLCs, it rather promotes the DR and fibrogenesis by regulating expression of Opn and CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hockenjos
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Große Perdekamp
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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232
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Sommerkamp P, Renders S, Ladel L, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Schönberger K, Zeisberger P, Przybylla A, Sohn M, Zhou Y, Klibanski A, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Trumpp A. The long non-coding RNA Meg3 is dispensable for hematopoietic stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2110. [PMID: 30765776 PMCID: PMC6375991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (Meg3) is encoded within the imprinted Dlk1-Meg3 gene locus and is only maternally expressed. Meg3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and functions as a tumor suppressor in numerous tissues. Meg3 is highly expressed in mouse adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and strongly down-regulated in early progenitors. To address its functional role in HSCs, we used MxCre to conditionally delete Meg3 in the adult bone marrow of Meg3mat-flox/pat-wt mice. We performed extensive in vitro and in vivo analyses of mice carrying a Meg3 deficient blood system, but neither observed impaired hematopoiesis during homeostatic conditions nor upon serial transplantation. Furthermore, we analyzed VavCre Meg3mat-flox/pat-wt mice, in which Meg3 was deleted in the embryonic hematopoietic system and unexpectedly this did neither generate any hematopoietic defects. In response to interferon-mediated stimulation, Meg3 deficient adult HSCs responded highly similar compared to controls. Taken together, we report the finding, that the highly expressed imprinted lncRNA Meg3 is dispensable for the function of HSCs during homeostasis and in response to stress mediators as well as for serial reconstitution of the blood system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Sommerkamp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Core Facility Omics IT and Data Management, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Zeisberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Sohn
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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233
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Novel function of PiT1/SLC20A1 in LPS-related inflammation and wound healing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1808. [PMID: 30755642 PMCID: PMC6372663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PiT1/SLC20A1 is an inorganic phosphate transporter with additional functions including the regulation of TNFα-induced apoptosis, erythropoiesis, cell proliferation and insulin signaling. Recent data suggest a relationship between PiT1 and NF-κB-dependent inflammation: (i) Pit1 mRNA is up-regulated in the context of NF-κB pathway activation; (ii) NF-κB target gene transcription is decreased in PiT1-deficient conditions. This led us to investigate the role of PiT1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. MCP-1 and IL-6 concentrations were impaired in PiT1-deficient bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon LPS stimulation. Lower MCP-1 and IL-6 serum levels were observed in Mx1-Cre; Pit1lox/lox mice dosed intraperitoneally with LPS. Lower PiT1 expression correlated with decreased in vitro wound healing and lower reactive oxygen species levels. Reduced IκB degradation and lower p65 nuclear translocation were observed in PiT1-deficient cells stimulated with LPS. Conversely, PiT1 expression was induced in vitro upon LPS stimulation. Addition of an NF-κB inhibitor abolished LPS-induced PiT1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that p65 expression activated Pit1 promoter activity. Finally, ChIP assays demonstrated that p65 directly binds to the mPit1 promoter in response to LPS. These data demonstrate a completely novel function of PiT1 in the response to LPS and provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of PiT1 expression by NF-κB.
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234
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Wang Y, Richter L, Becker M, Amador C, Hyde RK. IL1RL1 is dynamically expressed on Cbfb-MYH11 + leukemia stem cells and promotes cell survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1729. [PMID: 30742053 PMCID: PMC6370767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is often characterized by the presence of specific, recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. One of the most common aberrations, inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)], generates the fusion oncogene CBFB-MYH11. Previously, we used a mouse knock-in model to show that Cbfb-MYH11 induces changes in gene expression and results in the accumulation of abnormal myeloid cells, a subset of which are enriched for leukemia stem cell (LSC) activity. One gene upregulated by Cbfb-MYH11 encodes the cytokine receptor IL1RL1 (ST2). IL1RL1 and its ligand IL-33 are known regulators of mature myeloid cells, but their roles in AML are not known. Here, we use Cbfb-MYH11 knock-in mice to show that IL1RL1 is expressed by cell populations with high LSC activity, and that the cell surface expression of IL1RL1 is dynamic, implying that the expression of IL1RL1 is not restricted to a specific stage of differentiation. We also show that treatment with IL-33 increased serial replating ability and expression of pro-survival proteins in vitro. Finally, we show that IL1RL1+ cells can survive chemotherapy better than IL1RL1− cells in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that IL1RL1 is dynamically expressed in Cbfb-MYH11+ leukemia cells and promotes their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lisa Richter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michelle Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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235
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Green AC, Rudolph-Stringer V, Chantry AD, Wu JY, Purton LE. Mesenchymal lineage cells and their importance in B lymphocyte niches. Bone 2019; 119:42-56. [PMID: 29183783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early B lymphopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is reliant on interactions with numerous cell types in the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly those of the mesenchymal lineage. Each cellular niche that supports the distinct stages of B lymphopoiesis is unique. Different cell types and signaling molecules are important for the progressive stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. Cells expressing CXCL12 and IL-7 have long been recognized as having essential roles in facilitating progression through stages of B lymphopoiesis. Recently, a number of other factors that extrinsically mediate B lymphopoiesis (positively or negatively) have been identified. In addition, the use of transgenic mouse models to delete specific genes in mesenchymal lineage cells has further contributed to our understanding of how B lymphopoiesis is regulated in the bone marrow. This review will cover the current understanding of B lymphocyte niches in the bone marrow and key extrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in these niches, with a focus on how mesenchymal lineage cells regulate B lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Victoria Rudolph-Stringer
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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236
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The NUP98-HOXD13 fusion oncogene induces thymocyte self-renewal via Lmo2/Lyl1. Leukemia 2019; 33:1868-1880. [PMID: 30700838 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cases include subfamilies that overexpress the TAL1/LMO, TLX1/3 and HOXA transcription factor oncogenes. While it has been shown that TAL1/LMO transcription factors induce self-renewal of thymocytes, whether this is true for other transcription factor oncogenes is unknown. To address this, we have studied NUP98-HOXD13-transgenic (NHD13-Tg) mice, which overexpress HOXA transcription factors throughout haematopoiesis and develop both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) as well as T-ALL. We find that thymocytes from preleukaemic NHD13-Tg mice can serially transplant, demonstrating that they have self-renewal capacity. Transcriptome analysis shows that NHD13-Tg thymocytes exhibit a stem cell-like transcriptional programme closely resembling that induced by Lmo2, including Lmo2 itself and its critical cofactor Lyl1. To determine whether Lmo2/Lyl1 are required for NHD13-induced thymocyte self-renewal, NHD13-Tg mice were crossed with Lyl1 knockout mice. This showed that Lyl1 is essential for expression of the stem cell-like gene expression programme in thymocytes and self-renewal. Surprisingly however, NHD13 transgenic mice lacking Lyl1 showed accelerated T-ALL and absence of transformation to AML, associated with a loss of multipotent progenitors in the bone marrow. Thus multiple T cell oncogenes induce thymocyte self-renewal via Lmo2/Lyl1; however, NHD13 can also promote T-ALL via an alternative pathway.
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237
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Sequentially inducible mouse models reveal that Npm1 mutation causes malignant transformation of Dnmt3a-mutant clonal hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2019; 33:1635-1649. [PMID: 30692594 PMCID: PMC6609470 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a common aging-associated condition with increased risk of hematologic malignancy. Knowledge of the mechanisms driving evolution from CH to overt malignancy has been hampered by a lack of in vivo models that orthogonally activate mutant alleles. Here, we develop independently regulatable mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a) and nucleophosmin 1 (Npm1), observed in human CH and AML, respectively. We find Dnmt3a mutation expands hematopoietic stem and multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs), modeling CH. Induction of mutant Npm1 after development of Dnmt3a-mutant CH causes progression to myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), and more aggressive MPD is observed with longer latency between mutations. MPDs uniformly progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following transplant, accompanied by a decrease in HSC/MPPs and an increase in myeloid-restricted progenitors, the latter of which propagate AML in tertiary recipient mice. At a molecular level, progression of CH to MPD is accompanied by selection for mutations activating Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling. Progression to AML is characterized by additional oncogenic signaling mutations (Ptpn11, Pik3r1, Flt3) and/or mutations in epigenetic regulators (Hdac1, Idh1, Arid1a). Together, our study demonstrates that Npm1 mutation drives evolution of Dnmt3a-mutant CH to AML and rate of disease progression is accelerated with longer latency of CH.
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238
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Chen Z, Amro EM, Becker F, Hölzer M, Rasa SMM, Njeru SN, Han B, Di Sanzo S, Chen Y, Tang D, Tao S, Haenold R, Groth M, Romanov VS, Kirkpatrick JM, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Marz M, Ori A, Neri F, Morita Y, Rudolph KL. Cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in aging and inflammation. J Exp Med 2019; 216:152-175. [PMID: 30530755 PMCID: PMC6314529 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organism aging is characterized by increased inflammation and decreased stem cell function, yet the relationship between these factors remains incompletely understood. This study shows that aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit increased ground-stage NF-κB activity, which enhances their responsiveness to undergo differentiation and loss of self-renewal in response to inflammation. The study identifies Rad21/cohesin as a critical mediator of NF-κB signaling, which increases chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of NF-κB target genes in response to inflammation. Rad21 is required for normal differentiation, but limits self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during aging and inflammation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. HSCs from aged mice fail to down-regulate Rad21/cohesin and inflammation/differentiation signals in the resolution phase of inflammation. Inhibition of cohesin/NF-κB reverts hypersensitivity of aged HSPCs to inflammation-induced differentiation and myeloid-biased HSCs with disrupted/reduced expression of Rad21/cohesin are increasingly selected during aging. Together, Rad21/cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits HSPC function during aging and selects for cohesin-deficient HSCs with myeloid-skewed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elias Moris Amro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Becker
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Bing Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yulin Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Haenold
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Vasily S Romanov
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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239
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Mouse Cre-LoxP system: general principles to determine tissue-specific roles of target genes. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:147-159. [PMID: 30671100 PMCID: PMC6333611 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.4.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are commonly preferred for studying the human disease due to genetic and pathophysiological similarities between mice and humans. In particular, Cre-loxP system is widely used as an integral experimental tool for generating the conditional. This system has enabled researchers to investigate genes of interest in a tissue/cell (spatial control) and/or time (temporal control) specific manner. A various tissue-specific Cre-driver mouse lines have been generated to date, and new Cre lines are still being developed. This review provides a brief overview of Cre-loxP system and a few commonly used promoters for expression of tissue-specific Cre recombinase. Also, we finally introduce some available links to the Web sites that provides detailed information about Cre mouse lines including their characterization.
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240
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Lee KY, Luong Q, Sharma R, Dreyfuss JM, Ussar S, Kahn CR. Developmental and functional heterogeneity of white adipocytes within a single fat depot. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899291. [PMID: 30530479 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that, even within a single adipose depot, there may be distinct subpopulations of adipocytes. To investigate this cellular heterogeneity, we have developed multiple conditionally immortalized clonal preadipocyte lines from white adipose tissue of mice. Analysis of these clones reveals at least three white adipocyte subpopulations. These subpopulations have differences in metabolism and differentially respond to inflammatory cytokines, insulin, and growth hormones. These also have distinct gene expression profiles and can be tracked by differential expression of three marker genes: Wilms' tumor 1, transgelin, and myxovirus 1. Lineage tracing analysis with dual-fluorescent reporter mice indicates that these adipocyte subpopulations have differences in gene expression and metabolism that mirror those observed in the clonal cell lines. Furthermore, preadipocytes and adipocytes from these subpopulations differ in their abundance in different fat depots. Thus, white adipose tissue, even in a single depot, is comprised of distinct subpopulations of white adipocytes with different physiological phenotypes. These differences in adipocyte composition may contribute to the differences in metabolic behavior and physiology of different fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Lee
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Quyen Luong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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241
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Hussain RZ, Cravens PC, Doelger R, Dentel B, Herndon E, Loof N, Tsai P, Okuda DT, Racke MK, Stüve O. TLR3 agonism re-establishes CNS immune competence during α4-integrin deficiency. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1543-1561. [PMID: 30564621 PMCID: PMC6292184 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natalizumab blocks α4-integrin-mediated leukocyte migration into the central nervous system (CNS). It diminishes disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but carries a high risk of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML), an opportunistic infection with JV virus that may be prompted by diminished CNS immune surveillance. The initial host response to viral infections entails the synthesis of type I interferons (IFN) upon engagement of TLR3 receptors. We hypothesized that TLR3 agonism reestablishes CNS immune competence in the setting of α4-integrin deficiency. METHOD We generated the conditional knock out mouse strain Mx1.Cre+ α4-integrinfl/fl, in which the α4-integrin gene is ablated upon treatment with the TLR3 agonist poly I:C. Adoptive transfer of purified lymphocytes from poly I:C-treated Mx1.Cre+ α4-integrinfl/fl donors into naive recipients recapitulates immunosuppression under natalizumab. Active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Mx1.Cre+ α4-integrinfl/fl mice treated with poly I:C represents immune-reconstitution. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of T cells from poly I:C treated Mx1.Cre+ α4-integrinfl/fl mice causes minimal EAE. The in vitro migratory capability of CD45+ splenocytes from these mice is reduced. In contrast, actively-induced EAE after poly I:C treatment results in full disease susceptibility of Mx1.Cre+ α4-integrinfl/fl mice, and the number and composition of CNS leukocytes is similar to controls. Extravasation of Evans Blue indicates a compromised blood-brain barrier. Poly I:C treatment results in a 2-fold increase in IFN β transcription in the spinal cord. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that TLR3 agonism in the setting of relative α4-integrin deficiency can reestablish CNS immune surveillance in an experimental model. This pathway may present a feasible treatment strategy to treat and prevent PML under natalizumab therapy and should be considered for further experimental evaluation in a controlled setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Z. Hussain
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Petra C. Cravens
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Richard Doelger
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Brianne Dentel
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Emily Herndon
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Nicolas Loof
- The Moody Foundation Flow Cytometry FacilityChildren's Research InstituteUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | - Darin T. Okuda
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
| | | | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas
- Neurology SectionVA North Texas Health Care System, Medical ServiceDallasTexas
- Department of NeurologyKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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242
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Engelowski E, Modares NF, Gorressen S, Bouvain P, Semmler D, Alter C, Ding Z, Flögel U, Schrader J, Xu H, Lang PA, Fischer J, Floss DM, Scheller J. IL-23R Signaling Plays No Role in Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17078. [PMID: 30459442 PMCID: PMC6244091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are the most frequent diseases in the western world. Apart from Interleukin (IL-)1, inflammatory therapeutic targets in the clinic are still missing. Interestingly, opposing roles of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23 have been described in cardiac ischemia in mice. IL-23 is a composite cytokine consisting of p19 and p40 which binds to IL-23R and IL-12Rβ1 to initiate signal transduction characterized by activation of the Jak/STAT, PI3K and Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways. Here, we generate IL-23R-Y416FΔICD signaling deficient mice and challenged these mice in close- and open-chest left anterior descending coronary arteria ischemia/reperfusion experiments. Our experiments showed only minimal changes in all assayed parameters in IL-23R signaling deficient mice compared to wild-type mice in ischemia and for up to four weeks of reperfusion, including ejection fraction, endsystolic volume, enddiastolic volume, infarct size, gene regulation and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and Hyaluronic acid (HA) protein expression. Moreover, injection of IL-23 in wild-type mice after LAD ischemia/reperfusion had also no influence on the outcome of the healing phase. Our data showed that IL-23R deficiency has no effects in myocardial I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Engelowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nastaran Fazel Modares
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Semmler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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243
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Rao TN, Gupta MK, Softic S, Wang LD, Jang YC, Thomou T, Bezy O, Kulkarni RN, Kahn CR, Wagers AJ. Attenuation of PKCδ enhances metabolic activity and promotes expansion of blood progenitors. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100409. [PMID: 30446598 PMCID: PMC6293338 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A finely tuned balance of self‐renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and survival governs the pool size and regenerative capacity of blood‐forming hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we report that protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) is a critical regulator of adult HSPC number and function that couples the proliferative and metabolic activities of HSPCs. PKCδ‐deficient mice showed a pronounced increase in HSPC numbers, increased competence in reconstituting lethally irradiated recipients, enhanced long‐term competitive advantage in serial transplantation studies, and an augmented HSPC recovery during stress. PKCδ‐deficient HSPCs also showed accelerated proliferation and reduced apoptosis, but did not exhaust in serial transplant assays or induce leukemia. Using inducible knockout and transplantation models, we further found that PKCδ acts in a hematopoietic cell‐intrinsic manner to restrict HSPC number and bone marrow regenerative function. Mechanistically, PKCδ regulates HSPC energy metabolism and coordinately governs multiple regulators within signaling pathways implicated in HSPC homeostasis. Together, these data identify PKCδ as a critical regulator of HSPC signaling and metabolism that acts to limit HSPC expansion in response to physiological and regenerative demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tata Nageswara Rao
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo D Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Young C Jang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Thomou
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Bezy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
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244
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Deficiency of the Endocytic Protein Hip1 Leads to Decreased Gdpd3 Expression, Low Phosphocholine, and Kypholordosis. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00385-18. [PMID: 30224518 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00385-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (Hip1) results in degenerative phenotypes. Here we generated a Hip1 deficiency allele where a floxed transcriptional stop cassette and a human HIP1 cDNA were knocked into intron 1 of the mouse Hip1 locus. CMV-Cre-mediated germ line excision of the stop cassette resulted in expression of HIP1 and rescue of the Hip1 knockout phenotype. Mx1-Cre-mediated excision led to HIP1 expression in spleen, kidney and liver, and also rescued the phenotype. In contrast, hGFAP-Cre-mediated, brain-specific HIP1 expression did not rescue the phenotype. Metabolomics and microarrays of several Hip1 knockout tissues identified low phosphocholine (PC) levels and low glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 (Gdpd3) gene expression. Since Gdpd3 has lysophospholipase D activity that results in the formation of choline, a precursor of PC, Gdpd3 downregulation could lead to the low PC levels. To test whether Gdpd3 contributes to the Hip1 deficiency phenotype, we generated Gdpd3 knockout mice. Double knockout of Gdpd3 and Hip1 worsened the Hip1 phenotype. This suggests that Gdpd3 compensates for Hip1 loss. More-detailed knowledge of how Hip1 deficiency leads to low PC will improve our understanding of HIP1 in choline metabolism in normal and disease states.
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245
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Celik H, Koh WK, Kramer AC, Ostrander EL, Mallaney C, Fisher DAC, Xiang J, Wilson WC, Martens A, Kothari A, Fishberger G, Tycksen E, Karpova D, Duncavage EJ, Lee Y, Oh ST, Challen GA. JARID2 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Myeloid Neoplasms by Repressing Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:741-756.e8. [PMID: 30423295 PMCID: PMC6237100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How specific genetic lesions contribute to transformation of non-malignant myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) are poorly understood. JARID2 is lost by chromosomal deletions in a proportion of MPN/MDS cases that progress to sAML. In this study, genetic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts demonstrated that JARID2 acts as a tumor suppressor in chronic myeloid disorders. Genetic deletion of Jarid2 either reduced overall survival of animals with MPNs or drove transformation to sAML, depending on the timing and context of co-operating mutations. Mechanistically, JARID2 recruits PRC2 to epigenetically repress self-renewal pathways in hematopoietic progenitor cells. These studies establish JARID2 as a bona fide hematopoietic tumor suppressor and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- Cell Self Renewal/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/metabolism
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Won Kyun Koh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashley C Kramer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Ostrander
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cates Mallaney
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William C Wilson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Martens
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alok Kothari
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Fishberger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric J Duncavage
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Grant A Challen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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246
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Xu JJ, Smeets MF, Tan SY, Wall M, Purton LE, Walkley CR. Modeling human RNA spliceosome mutations in the mouse: not all mice were created equal. Exp Hematol 2018; 70:10-23. [PMID: 30408513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and related myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders, primarily affecting patients over 65 years of age. Mapping of the MDS and MDS/MPN genome identified recurrent heterozygous mutations in the RNA splicing machinery, with the SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 genes being frequently mutated. To better understand how spliceosomal mutations contribute to MDS pathogenesis in vivo, numerous groups have sought to establish conditional murine models of SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 mutations. The high degree of conservation of hematopoiesis between mice and human and the well-established phenotyping and genetic modification approaches make murine models an effective tool with which to study how a gene mutation contributes to disease pathogenesis. The murine models of spliceosomal mutations described to date recapitulate human MDS or MDS/MPN to varying extents. Reasons for the differences in phenotypes reported between alleles of the same mutation are varied, but the nature of the genetic modification itself and subsequent analysis methods are important to consider. In this review, we summarize recently reported murine models of SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 mutations, with a particular focus on the genetically engineered modifications underlying the models and the experimental approaches applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jialu Xu
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Monique F Smeets
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Shuh Ying Tan
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Hematology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Meaghan Wall
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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247
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Buxadé M, Huerga Encabo H, Riera-Borrull M, Quintana-Gallardo L, López-Cotarelo P, Tellechea M, Martínez-Martínez S, Redondo JM, Martín-Caballero J, Flores JM, Bosch E, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. Macrophage-specific MHCII expression is regulated by a remote Ciita enhancer controlled by NFAT5. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2901-2918. [PMID: 30327417 PMCID: PMC6219740 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 regulates macrophage MHCII expression by controlling the transcription of its coactivator Ciita through a remote enhancer. This mechanism differs from those previously found in DCs and B lymphocytes and distinguishes macrophages from these APC lineages. MHCII in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a key regulator of adaptive immune responses. Expression of MHCII genes is controlled by the transcription coactivator CIITA, itself regulated through cell type–specific promoters. Here we show that the transcription factor NFAT5 is needed for expression of Ciita and MHCII in macrophages, but not in dendritic cells and other APCs. NFAT5-deficient macrophages showed defective activation of MHCII-dependent responses in CD4+ T lymphocytes and attenuated capacity to elicit graft rejection in vivo. Ultrasequencing analysis of NFAT5-immunoprecipitated chromatin uncovered an NFAT5-regulated region distally upstream of Ciita. This region was required for CIITA and hence MHCII expression, exhibited NFAT5-dependent characteristics of active enhancers such as H3K27 acetylation marks, and required NFAT5 to interact with Ciita myeloid promoter I. Our results uncover an NFAT5-regulated mechanism that maintains CIITA and MHCII expression in macrophages and thus modulates their T lymphocyte priming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buxadé
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Huerga Encabo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Quintana-Gallardo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Tellechea
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Caballero
- Parc Cientific de Barcelona/Barcelona Biomedical Research Park Animal Facilities, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana María Flores
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bosch
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish National Research Council), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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248
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Impaired hematopoiesis and leukemia development in mice with a conditional knock-in allele of a mutant splicing factor gene U2af1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10437-E10446. [PMID: 30322915 PMCID: PMC6217397 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812669115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in some splicing factor genes are frequently found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and MDS-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML), blood cancers with few effective treatment options. However, the pathophysiological effects of these mutations remain poorly characterized. Here, we report the establishment of mouse models to study a common splicing factor mutation, U2AF1(S34F). Production of the mutant protein in the murine hematopoietic compartment disrupts hematopoiesis in ways resembling human MDS. We further identified deletion of the Runx1 gene and other known oncogenic mutations as changes that might collaborate with U2af1(S34F) to give rise to frank AML in mice. However, the U2af1(S34F) mutation was absent in two of the three AML cases, raising the possibility that this mutant protein plays a dispensable role in tumor maintenance. Mutations affecting the spliceosomal protein U2AF1 are commonly found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). We have generated mice that carry Cre-dependent knock-in alleles of U2af1(S34F), the murine version of the most common mutant allele of U2AF1 encountered in human cancers. Cre-mediated recombination in murine hematopoietic lineages caused changes in RNA splicing, as well as multilineage cytopenia, macrocytic anemia, decreased hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, low-grade dysplasias, and impaired transplantability, but without lifespan shortening or leukemia development. In an attempt to identify U2af1(S34F)-cooperating changes that promote leukemogenesis, we combined U2af1(S34F) with Runx1 deficiency in mice and further treated the mice with a mutagen, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Overall, 3 of 16 ENU-treated compound transgenic mice developed AML. However, AML did not arise in mice with other genotypes or without ENU treatment. Sequencing DNA from the three AMLs revealed somatic mutations homologous to those considered to be drivers of human AML, including predicted loss- or gain-of-function mutations in Tet2, Gata2, Idh1, and Ikzf1. However, the engineered U2af1(S34F) missense mutation reverted to WT in two of the three AML cases, implying that U2af1(S34F) is dispensable, or even selected against, once leukemia is established.
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249
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Joseph C, Green AC, Kwang D, Purton LE. Extrinsic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lymphocytes by Vitamin A. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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250
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Baba M, Endoh M, Ma W, Toyama H, Hirayama A, Nishikawa K, Takubo K, Hano H, Hasumi H, Umemoto T, Hashimoto M, Irie N, Esumi C, Kataoka M, Nakagata N, Soga T, Yao M, Kamba T, Minami T, Ishii M, Suda T. Folliculin Regulates Osteoclastogenesis Through Metabolic Regulation. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1785-1798. [PMID: 29893999 PMCID: PMC6220829 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is a dynamic differentiation process, which is accompanied by dramatic changes in metabolic status as well as in gene expression. Recent findings have revealed an essential connection between metabolic reprogramming and dynamic gene expression changes during osteoclast differentiation. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms that drive these metabolic changes in osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that induced deletion of a tumor suppressor gene, Folliculin (Flcn), in mouse osteoclast precursors causes severe osteoporosis in 3 weeks through excess osteoclastogenesis. Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors reveal cell autonomous accelerated osteoclastogenesis with increased sensitivity to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We demonstrate that Flcn regulates oxidative phosphorylation and purine metabolism through suppression of nuclear localization of the transcription factor Tfe3, thereby inhibiting expression of its target gene Pgc1. Metabolome studies revealed that Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors exhibit significant augmentation of oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide production, resulting in an enhanced purinergic signaling loop that is composed of controlled ATP release and autocrine/paracrine purinergic receptor stimulation. Inhibition of this purinergic signaling loop efficiently blocks accelerated osteoclastogenesis in Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors. Here, we demonstrate an essential and novel role of the Flcn-Tfe3-Pgc1 axis in osteoclastogenesis through the metabolic reprogramming of oxidative phosphorylation and purine metabolism. © 2018 The Authors Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Endoh
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeCentre for Translational MedicineSingapore
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Toyama
- Department of Cell DifferentiationThe Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental BiologySchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Keizo Nishikawa
- Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Cell DifferentiationThe Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental BiologySchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Hano
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Nobuko Irie
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Chiharu Esumi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Miho Kataoka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive EngineeringCenter for Animal Resources and Development (CARD)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesKeio UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of UrologyFaculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular BiologyInstitute of Resource Development and Analysis (IRDA)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyGraduate School of Medicine and Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeCentre for Translational MedicineSingapore
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