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Chan CW, Lee PH. Association between dietary fibre intake with cancer and all-cause mortality among 15 740 adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:633-42. [PMID: 27296222 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few prospective studies have examined the longitudinal associations of total dietary fibre intake and water insoluble and soluble fibres with cancer and all-cause mortality. The present study aimed to examine these associations. METHODS We studied the effects of total dietary fibre intake and water insoluble and soluble fibres on cancer and all-cause mortality, using data from 15 740 adult participants [mean (SD) age: 44.53 (19.22) years, 46.60% male] in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988-1994, who had completed a 24-h dietary recall. Death certificate data were obtained up to 2006. Participants had been followed for 13.74 years on average. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of total dietary, insoluble and soluble fibres on cancer and all-cause mortality, with the first quartile as the reference group, adjusted for demographics, lifestyle and dietary factors. RESULTS Relative to those in the first quartile of total fibre intake, only the third quartile was associated with all-cause mortality, with an adjusted HR of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79, 0.97, P = 0.021], and cancer mortality, with an adjusted HR of 0.77 (95% CI = 0.61, 0.99, P = 0.05). The third quartile of insoluble fibre intake was associated with cancer mortality, with an adjusted HR of 0.76 (95% CI = 0.60, 0.96, P = 0.023), and colorectal-anal cancer mortality (in grouped data as provided for public use), with an adjusted HR of 0.42 (95% CI = 0.19, 0.91, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fibre showed protective benefits in terms of mortality risk. Investigating the mechanisms and components of dietary fibres underlying the different protective benefits remains an important consideration for research on fibre-mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Chan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - P H Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Mummah SA, Mathur M, King AC, Gardner CD, Sutton S. Mobile Technology for Vegetable Consumption: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study in Overweight Adults. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e51. [PMID: 27193036 PMCID: PMC4889871 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile apps present a potentially cost-effective tool for delivering behavior change interventions at scale, but no known studies have tested the efficacy of apps as a tool to specifically increase vegetable consumption among overweight adults. Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the initial efficacy and user acceptability of a theory-driven mobile app to increase vegetable consumption. Methods A total of 17 overweight adults aged 42.0 (SD 7.3) years with a body mass index (BMI) of 32.0 (SD 3.5) kg/m2 were randomized to the use of Vegethon (a fully automated theory-driven mobile app enabling self-monitoring of vegetable consumption, goal setting, feedback, and social comparison) or a wait-listed control condition. All participants were recruited from an ongoing 12-month weight loss trial (parent trial). Researchers who performed data analysis were blinded to condition assignment. The primary outcome measure was daily vegetable consumption, assessed using an adapted version of the validated Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire administered at baseline and 12 weeks after randomization. An analysis of covariance was used to assess differences in 12-week vegetable consumption between intervention and control conditions, controlling for baseline. App usability and satisfaction were measured via a 21-item post-intervention questionnaire. Results Using intention-to-treat analyses, all enrolled participants (intervention: 8; control: 9) were analyzed. Of the 8 participants randomized to the intervention, 5 downloaded the app and logged their vegetable consumption a mean of 0.7 (SD 0.9) times per day, 2 downloaded the app but did not use it, and 1 never downloaded it. Consumption of vegetables was significantly greater among the intervention versus control condition at the end of the 12-week pilot study (adjusted mean difference: 7.4 servings; 95% CI 1.4-13.5; P=.02). Among secondary outcomes defined a priori, there was significantly greater consumption of green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and dark yellow vegetables (adjusted mean difference: 2.6, 1.6, and 0.8 servings; 95% CI 0.1-5.0, 0.1-3.2, and 0.3-1.4; P=.04, P=.04, and P=.004, respectively). Participants reported positive experiences with the app, including strong agreement with the statements “I have found Vegethon easy to use” and “I would recommend Vegethon to a friend” (mean 4.6 (SD 0.6) and 4.2 (SD 0.8), respectively, (on a 5-point scale). Conclusions Vegethon demonstrated initial efficacy and user acceptability. A mobile app intervention may be useful for increasing vegetable consumption among overweight adults. The small sample size prevented precise estimates of effect sizes. Given the improved health outcomes associated with increases in vegetable consumption, these findings indicate the need for larger, longer-term evaluations of Vegethon and similar technologies among overweight adults and other suitable target groups. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01826591; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01826591 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hYDw2AOB)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ann Mummah
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Health and ecological implications of fish consumption: A deeper insight. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-160054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Nutrition Ecology International Center (NEIC), Torino, Italy
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, U.L.S.S. No. 9, Treviso, Italy
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Storm V, Dörenkämper J, Reinwand DA, Wienert J, De Vries H, Lippke S. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Computer-Tailored Multiple-Lifestyle Intervention for People Interested in Reducing their Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e78. [PMID: 27068880 PMCID: PMC4844907 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Web-based computer-tailored interventions for multiple health behaviors can improve the strength of behavior habits in people who want to reduce their cardiovascular risk. Nonetheless, few randomized controlled trials have tested this assumption to date. Objective The study aim was to test an 8-week Web-based computer-tailored intervention designed to improve habit strength for physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption among people who want to reduce their cardiovascular risk. In a randomized controlled design, self-reported changes in perceived habit strength, self-efficacy, and planning across different domains of physical activity as well as fruit and vegetable consumption were evaluated. Methods This study was a randomized controlled trial involving an intervention group (n=403) and a waiting control group (n=387). Web-based data collection was performed in Germany and the Netherlands during 2013-2015. The intervention content was based on the Health Action Process Approach and involved personalized feedback on lifestyle behaviors, which indicated whether participants complied with behavioral guidelines for physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. There were three Web-based assessments: baseline (T0, N=790), a posttest 8 weeks after the baseline (T1, n=206), and a follow-up 3 months after the baseline (T2, n=121). Data analysis was conducted by analyzing variances and structural equation analysis. Results Significant group by time interactions revealed superior treatment effects for the intervention group, with substantially higher increases in self-reported habit strength for physical activity (F1,199=7.71, P=.006, Cohen’s d=0.37) and fruit and vegetable consumption (F1,199=7.71, P=.006, Cohen’s d=0.30) at posttest T1 for the intervention group. Mediation analyses yielded behavior-specific sequential mediator effects for T1 planning and T1 self-efficacy between the intervention and habit strength at follow-up T2 (fruit and vegetable consumption: beta=0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.16, P<.001; physical activity: beta=0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.06, P<.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate the general effectiveness and practicality of Web-based computer-tailored interventions in terms of increasing self-reported habit strength for physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Self-efficacy and planning may play major roles in the mechanisms that facilitate the habit strength of these behaviors; therefore, they should be actively promoted in Web-based interventions. Although the results need to take into account the high dropout rates and medium effect sizes, a large number of people were reached and changes in habit strength were achieved after 3 months. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01909349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01909349 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6g5F0qoft) and Nederlands Trial Register NTR3706 http://www.trialregister.nl/ trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3706 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6g5F5HMLX)
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Storm
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Du H, Li L, Bennett D, Guo Y, Key TJ, Bian Z, Sherliker P, Gao H, Chen Y, Yang L, Chen J, Wang S, Du R, Su H, Collins R, Peto R, Chen Z. Fresh Fruit Consumption and Major Cardiovascular Disease in China. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:1332-43. [PMID: 27050205 PMCID: PMC4896382 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1501451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Western populations, a higher level of fruit consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about such associations in China, where the consumption level is low and rates of stroke are high. METHODS Between 2004 and 2008, we recruited 512,891 adults, 30 to 79 years of age, from 10 diverse localities in China. During 3.2 million person-years of follow-up, 5173 deaths from cardiovascular disease, 2551 incident major coronary events (fatal or nonfatal), 14,579 ischemic strokes, and 3523 intracerebral hemorrhages were recorded among the 451,665 participants who did not have a history of cardiovascular disease or antihypertensive treatments at baseline. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios relating fresh fruit consumption to disease rates. RESULTS Overall, 18.0% of participants reported consuming fresh fruit daily. As compared with participants who never or rarely consumed fresh fruit (the "nonconsumption" category), those who ate fresh fruit daily had lower systolic blood pressure (by 4.0 mm Hg) and blood glucose levels (by 0.5 mmol per liter [9.0 mg per deciliter]) (P<0.001 for trend for both comparisons). The adjusted hazard ratios for daily consumption versus nonconsumption were 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.67) for cardiovascular death, and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.75), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.79), and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.74), respectively, for incident major coronary events, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. There was a strong log-linear dose-response relationship between the incidence of each outcome and the amount of fresh fruit consumed. These associations were similar across the 10 study regions and in subgroups of participants defined by baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, a higher level of fruit consumption was associated with lower blood pressure and blood glucose levels and, largely independent of these and other dietary and nondietary factors, with significantly lower risks of major cardiovascular diseases. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidong Du
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Liming Li
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Derrick Bennett
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Yu Guo
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Timothy J Key
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Zheng Bian
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Paul Sherliker
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Yiping Chen
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Ling Yang
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Junshi Chen
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Shanqing Wang
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Ranran Du
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Hua Su
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Rory Collins
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Richard Peto
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- From the Clinical Trial Service Unit and the Epidemiological Studies Unit (H.D., D.B., P.S., H.G., Y.C., L.Y., R.C., R.P., Z.C.) and the Cancer Epidemiology Unit (T.J.K.), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center (L.L.), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.L., Y.G., Z.B.), and the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment ( J.C.), Beijing, Hainan Center for Disease Control (CDC), Haikou (S.W.), Qingdao CDC, Qingdao (R.D.), and Heilongjiang CDC, Harbin (H.S.) - all in China
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Marital transitions and associated changes in fruit and vegetable intake: Findings from the population-based prospective EPIC-Norfolk cohort, UK. Soc Sci Med 2016; 157:120-6. [PMID: 27082023 PMCID: PMC4857700 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is critical to health and social relationships are an important determinant of diet. We report the association between transitions in marital status and healthy eating behaviours in a UK population. METHODS Longitudinal study of middle-age and older adults 39-78y (n = 11 577) in EPIC-Norfolk, a population-based cohort, who completed food frequency questionnaires in 1993-97 and 1998-2002. Multivariable linear regression analyses assessed gender-specific associations between five categories of marital transitions and changes in quantity (g/d), and variety (no/month) of fruits or vegetables. RESULTS In 3.6 years of follow-up and relative to men who stayed married, widowed men showed significant declines (mean difference, 95% CI) in all four indicators of healthy eating including fruit quantity (-47.7, -80.6 to -14.9 g/d), fruit variety (-0.6, -1.1 to -0.2 no/month), vegetable quantity (-27.7, -50.5 to -4.9 g/d), and vegetable variety (-1.6, -2.2 to -0.9 no/month). Men who were separated or divorced or who remained single also showed significant declines in three of the indicators. Among women, only those who became separated/divorced or stayed single showed declines in one indicator, vegetable variety. CONCLUSION Unhealthy changes to diet accompanying divorce, separation and becoming widowed may be more common among men than women. Moreover, deterioration in fruit and vegetable intakes was more apparent for variety rather than quantity consumed. Programmes to promote healthy eating among older adults need to recognise these social determinants of diet and consider prioritising people who live alone and in particular men who have recently left relationships or who have been widowed.
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207
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Garcia-Perez I, Posma JM, Chambers ES, Nicholson JK, C Mathers J, Beckmann M, Draper J, Holmes E, Frost G. An Analytical Pipeline for Quantitative Characterization of Dietary Intake: Application To Assess Grape Intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2423-2431. [PMID: 26909845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lack of accurate dietary assessment in free-living populations requires discovery of new biomarkers reflecting food intake qualitatively and quantitatively to objectively evaluate effects of diet on health. We provide a proof-of-principle for an analytical pipeline to identify quantitative dietary biomarkers. Tartaric acid was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a dose-responsive urinary biomarker of grape intake and subsequently quantified in volunteers following a series of 4-day dietary interventions incorporating 0 g/day, 50 g/day, 100 g/day, and 150 g/day of grapes in standardized diets from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Most accurate quantitative predictions of grape intake were obtained in 24 h urine samples which have the strongest linear relationship between grape intake and tartaric acid excretion (r(2) = 0.90). This new methodological pipeline for estimating nutritional intake based on coupling dietary intake information and quantified nutritional biomarkers was developed and validated in a controlled dietary intervention study, showing that this approach can improve the accuracy of estimating nutritional intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Joram M Posma
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Edward S Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, U.K
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, U.K
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208
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Abstract
The origins of the obesogenic environment date back to the early 1980s. This means that young adults i.e., those aged 18 to 35 years, have only ever experienced a food milieu that promotes obesity. Indeed, younger generations are becoming heavier sooner than their parents in developed countries, such as the USA. Young adults demonstrate food consumption patterns and dietary behaviors implicated in an excessive gain of body fat. They are the highest consumers of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages among adult age groups and the lowest consumers of fruit and vegetables. Younger adults are meal skippers but may consume more energy from snacks than older adults. So that the gains made in stemming obesity in childhood are not undone during young adulthood, prevention programs are needed. This review highlights areas for consideration in planning such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- School of Molecular Bioscience in the Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Building D17, NSW, Australia, 2006.
| | - Stephanie R Partridge
- School of Molecular Bioscience in the Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Building D17, NSW, Australia, 2006
| | - Rajshri Roy
- School of Molecular Bioscience in the Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, Building D17, NSW, Australia, 2006
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Kuntz S, Asseburg H, Dold S, Römpp A, Fröhling B, Kunz C, Rudloff S. Inhibition of low-grade inflammation by anthocyanins from grape extract in an in vitro epithelial-endothelial co-culture model. Food Funct 2016; 6:1136-49. [PMID: 25690135 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins (ACNs) are the most prevalent flavonoids in berries and their health promoting effects on vascular functions are still discussed. The aim of the present study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of ACNs on activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after their transport across an epithelial monolayer. STUDY DESIGN We established a transwell epithelial-endothelial co-culture system with Caco-2/HT29-B6 cells mimicking the intestinal layer and HUVECs as endothelial cells mimicking the vascular layer. Caco-2 were seeded alone (100%) or together with HT29-B6 cells (10 and 20%) on transwell inserts in order to simulate different metabolization sides of the gut. ACNs as well as malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G) were applied to the luminal compartment of the transwell-system. Transport and degradation rates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) or by ultra-PLC coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). After 4 hours incubation time, co-cultured HUVECs were used immediately (short-term incubation) or after 20 hours (long-term incubation). Thereafter, HUVECs were stimulated for 3 hours with 1 ng mL(-1) TNF-α to mimic a low-grade or 10 ng mL(-1) to mimic a high-grade inflammation. Afterwards, (1.) leukocyte adhesion, (2.) expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) and (3.) cytokine expression and secretion (IL-6 and IL-8) were determined using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. RESULTS Degradation and incubation studies revealed that ACNs were differently degraded depending on the ACN structure and the seeding densities. Incubation of ACNs and M3G to Caco-2 cells (100%) led to a fast decrease, which was not observed when HT29-B6 cells were co-cultured (10 and 20%). Concomitantly, anti-inflammatory effects were only observed using 100% Caco-2 cells, whereas mixtures of Caco-2 and HT29-B6 cells failed to induce an effect. ACN extract and M3G significantly attenuated TNF-α-stimulated low-grade leukocyte adhesion, expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and cytokine expression and secretion (IL-8 and IL-6) as well as NF-κB mRNA expression. No effects were observed with high TNF-α (10 ng mL(-1)) or after short-term incubation (4 hours). CONCLUSIONS ACNs in physiological concentrations reached the serosal compartment and reduced inflammation-related parameters, which were related to the initial steps during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, Feulgenstrasse 12, University of Giessen, Germany.
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210
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Oppezzo MA, Michalek AK, Delucchi K, Baiocchi MTM, Barnett PG, Prochaska JJ. Health-related quality of life among veterans in addictions treatment: identifying behavioral targets for future intervention. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:1949-57. [PMID: 26886926 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND US veterans report lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) relative to the general population. Identifying behavioral factors related to HRQoL that are malleable to change may inform interventions to improve well-being in this vulnerable group. PURPOSE The current study sought to characterize HRQoL in a largely male sample of veterans in addictions treatment, both in relation to US norms and in association with five recommended health behavior practices: regularly exercising, managing stress, having good sleep hygiene, consuming fruits and vegetables, and being tobacco free. METHODS We assessed HRQoL with 250 veterans in addictions treatment (96 % male, mean age 53, range 24-77) using scales from four validated measures. Data reduction methods identified two principal components reflecting physical and mental HRQoL. Model testing of HRQoL associations with health behaviors adjusted for relevant demographic and treatment-related covariates. RESULTS Compared to US norms, the sample had lower HRQoL scores. Better psychological HRQoL was associated with higher subjective social standing, absence of pain or trauma, lower alcohol severity, and monotonically with the sum of health behaviors (all p < 0.05). Specifically, psychological HRQoL was associated with regular exercise, stress management, and sleep hygiene. Regular exercise also related to better physical HRQoL. The models explained >40 % of the variance in HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, sleep hygiene, and stress management are strongly associated with HRQoL among veterans in addictions treatment. Future research is needed to test the effect of interventions for improving well-being in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marily A Oppezzo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Medical School Office Building, X316, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5411, USA
| | - Anne K Michalek
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Medical School Office Building, X316, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5411, USA
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T M Baiocchi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Medical School Office Building, X316, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5411, USA
| | - Paul G Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Health Economics Resource Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Medical School Office Building, X316, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5411, USA.
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211
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Fielden AL, Sillence E, Little L, Harris PR. Online Self-Affirmation Increases Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Groups at High Risk of Low Intake. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2016; 8:3-18. [PMID: 26810362 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested the efficacy of self-affirmation in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of participants comprising two groups at high risk of low consumption: young adults and mothers of school-aged children with low social economic status (SES). METHODS Baseline fruit and vegetable consumption was recorded for 85 participants (n = 26 mothers with low SES). Following randomisation to condition (Self-Affirmed or Non-Affirmed), participants viewed targeted, online, health recommendations about fruit and vegetable consumption. Fruit and vegetable intake was reported online every day for the following seven days. RESULTS Self-affirmed participants reported consuming significantly more portions of fruit and vegetables (SA M = 3.96, NA M = 2.81). Analyses of simple slopes indicated that the effect was greatest amongst lowest baseline consumers. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the efficacy of self-affirmation in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in individuals who are at risk of having a low intake and whose consumption put them at the greatest risk of negative health outcomes. Application of these findings could help to reduce health care costs, through the use of cost-effective online interventions and reductions in treatment costs. Further research is needed to capitalise on the increased tailoring that online intervention allows in order to optimise the effects of self-affirmation.
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Nguyen B, Bauman A, Gale J, Banks E, Kritharides L, Ding D. Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality: evidence from a large Australian cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:9. [PMID: 26810760 PMCID: PMC4727264 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence for a relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality. Few studies, however, specifically explored consuming raw versus cooked vegetables in relation to health and mortality outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of all-cause mortality with: a) fruit and vegetable consumption, either combined or separately; b) the consumption of raw versus cooked vegetables in a large cohort of Australian middle-aged and older adults. Methods The sample included 150,969 adults aged 45 years and over from the 45 and Up Study, a prospective cohort study conducted in New South Wales, Australia. Self-reported baseline questionnaire data (2006–09) were linked to mortality data up to June 2014. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed by validated short questions. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related and dietary variables. Results During a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, 6038 (4 %) participants died from all causes. In the fully adjusted models, increasing consumption of fruit and vegetables combined was associated with reductions in all-cause mortality, with the highest risk reduction seen up to 7 serves/day or more of fruit and vegetables (P for trend = 0.002, hazard ratio for highest versus lowest consumption quartile: 0.90; 95 % confidence interval: 0.84, 0.97). Separate consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as consumption of raw or cooked vegetables, were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in the crude and minimally adjusted models (all P for trend <0.05). With the exception of raw vegetables, these associations remained significant in the fully adjusted models (all P for trend <0.05). Age and sex were significant effect modifiers of the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality. Conclusions Fruit and vegetable consumption were inversely related to all-cause mortality in this large Australian cohort. Further studies examining the effects of raw versus cooked vegetables are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Nguyen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joanne Gale
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- Concord Clinical School, ANZAC Research Institute, the University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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213
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Elderly Taiwanese who spend more on fruits and vegetables and less on animal-derived foods use less medical services and incur lower medical costs. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:823-33. [PMID: 26786998 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A higher intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V) compared with animal-derived foods is associated with lower risks of all-cause-, cancer- and CVD-related mortalities. However, the association between consumption patterns and medical costs remains unclear. The effects of various food group costs on medical service utilisation and costs were investigated. The study cohort was recruited through the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan between 1999 and 2000 and followed-up for 8 years until 2006. It comprised free-living elderly participants who provided a 24-h dietary recall. Daily energy-adjusted food group costs were estimated. Annual medical service utilisation and costs for 1445 participants aged 65-79 years were calculated from the National Health Insurance claim data. Generalised linear models were used to appraise the associations between the food group costs and medical service utilisation and costs. Older adults with the highest F&V cost tertile had significantly fewer hospital days (30%) and total medical costs (19%), whereas those in the highest animal-derived group had a higher number of hospital days (28%) and costs (83%) as well as total medical costs (38%). Participants in the high F&V and low animal-derived cost groups had the shortest annual hospitalisation stays (5·78 d) and lowest costs (NT$38,600) as well as the lowest total medical costs (NT$75,800), a mean annual saving of NT$45 200/person. Older adults who spend more on F&V and less on animal-derived foods have a reduced medical-care system burden. This provides opportunities for nutritionally related healthcare system investment strategies.
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Increasing vegetable intakes: rationale and systematic review of published interventions. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:869-96. [PMID: 26754302 PMCID: PMC4819941 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
While the health benefits of a high fruit and vegetable consumption are well known and considerable work has attempted to improve intakes, increasing evidence also recognises a distinction between fruit and vegetables, both in their impacts on health and in consumption patterns. Increasing work suggests health benefits from a high consumption specifically of vegetables, yet intakes remain low, and barriers to increasing intakes are prevalent making intervention difficult. A systematic review was undertaken to identify from the published literature all studies reporting an intervention to increase intakes of vegetables as a distinct food group. Methods Databases—PubMed, PsychInfo and Medline—were searched over all years of records until April 2015 using pre-specified terms. Results Our searches identified 77 studies, detailing 140 interventions, of which 133 (81 %) interventions were conducted in children. Interventions aimed to use or change hedonic factors, such as taste, liking and familiarity (n = 72), use or change environmental factors (n = 39), use or change cognitive factors (n = 19), or a combination of strategies (n = 10). Increased vegetable acceptance, selection and/or consumption were reported to some degree in 116 (83 %) interventions, but the majority of effects seem small and inconsistent. Conclusions Greater percent success is currently found from environmental, educational and multi-component interventions, but publication bias is likely, and long-term effects and cost-effectiveness are rarely considered. A focus on long-term benefits and sustained behaviour change is required. Certain population groups are also noticeably absent from the current list of tried interventions.
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215
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Clum G, Gustat J, O'Malley K, Begalieva M, Luckett B, Rice J, Johnson C. Factors Influencing Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in Older Adults in New Orleans, Louisiana. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:678-84. [PMID: 27499299 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify demographic, social and structural factors associated with intake of fruit and vegetables in older adults in New Orleans, Louisiana. DESIGN A cross-sectional randomly sampled, address-based telephone survey of households in Orleans Parish, Louisiana was conducted with the household's main grocery shopper. SETTING All participants were in the New Orleans metro area and were surveyed in 2011. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 2,834 residents identified as the households' main grocery shopper in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. Participants were primarily female (75%), African-American (53%), approximately 10 percent of the sample reported receipt of government assistance. Approximately 37% of the sample was age 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS Measures included a telephone administered survey assessing demographic characteristics, food intake, access to supermarkets and other food sources, transportation, self-reported health, and frequency of grocery shopping. RESULTS Older adults consumed fewer fresh fruits and vegetables (FV) than younger adults (p<0.01). Bivariate associations with decreased FV included older age, receipt of government assistance, African American race, use of mobility aid, and poorer health. Multivariate factors associated with lower consumption include age, African American race, and poorer self-reported health. Women reported more fruit and vegetable consumption than men. CONCLUSIONS FV consumption is associated with improved health and reduced mortality. Older adults are less likely to consume fruits and vegetables, therefore addressing reduced FV consumption in older adults is a potential target for improving health outcomes in older adults. Specifically targeting African Americans and those with poorer health, as well as males may be an important focus for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clum
- Gretchen Clum, 1440 Canal st tw 19, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA,
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217
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Fuhrman J, Singer M. Improved Cardiovascular Parameter With a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich Diet-Style: A Patient Survey With Illustrative Cases. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 11:264-273. [PMID: 30202342 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615611024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The results presented from a practice survey include cases of interest, demonstrating improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors utilizing a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich (NDPR) diet. It includes changes in weight, blood pressure, and lipids parameters derived from the survey and retrospective chart review. Methods. Practice records and interviews were used for case history descriptions. Participants' data were collected via an online survey. Results. Adherence to a NDPR dietary protocol resulted in reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Compliance of greater than 80% with the target diet resulted in an average sustained weight loss of over 50 pounds in 75 obese subjects. There was a corresponding average reduction of 27.8 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure for the 127 survey responders with untreated hypertension at baseline, and a 42.2 mg/dL average decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the 328 survey responders, not on cholesterol reducing medications. Conclusion. The outcomes from both the survey responders and cases demonstrate the potential for the NDPR dietary intervention to improve weight, blood pressure, lipids, and even reverse severe cardiovascular disease. Though this is a report of cases and self-reported benefits, it adds evidence to support the need for further studies investigating the potential of this dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Fuhrman
- Nutritional Research Foundation, Flemington, New Jersey (JF).,Long Island Plastic Surgical, Garden City, New York (MS)
| | - Michael Singer
- Nutritional Research Foundation, Flemington, New Jersey (JF).,Long Island Plastic Surgical, Garden City, New York (MS)
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218
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Denlinger CS, Ligibel JA, Are M, Baker KS, Demark-Wahnefried W, Dizon D, Friedman DL, Goldman M, Jones L, King A, Ku GH, Kvale E, Langbaum TS, Leonardi-Warren K, McCabe MS, Melisko M, Montoya JG, Mooney K, Morgan MA, Moslehi JJ, O'Connor T, Overholser L, Paskett ED, Peppercorn J, Raza M, Rodriguez MA, Syrjala KL, Urba SG, Wakabayashi MT, Zee P, McMillian NR, Freedman-Cass DA. Survivorship: nutrition and weight management, Version 2.2014. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 12:1396-406. [PMID: 25313179 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle habits have been associated with improved health outcomes and quality of life and, for some cancers, a reduced risk of recurrence and death. The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship therefore recommend that cancer survivors be encouraged to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle, including attention to weight management, physical activity, and dietary habits. This section of the NCCN Guidelines focuses on recommendations regarding nutrition, weight management, and supplement use in survivors. Weight management recommendations are based on the survivor's body mass index and include discussions of nutritional, weight management, and physical activity principles, with referral to community resources, dietitians, and/or weight management programs as needed.
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219
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Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Fulgoni VL. Consumption of various forms of apples is associated with a better nutrient intake and improved nutrient adequacy in diets of children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2010. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:25948. [PMID: 26445211 PMCID: PMC4595465 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of fruit has been associated with a variety of health benefits, yet, 75% of children have usual intakes of total fruit below minimum recommended amounts. Apples are the second most commonly consumed fruit in the United States; however, no studies have examined the impact of apple consumption on nutrient intake and adequacy in children's diets. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the association between apple (various forms) consumption with nutrient intake and nutrient adequacy in a nationally representative sample of children. Design Participants were children aged 2–18 years (n=13,339), from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010. Least square means of total energy and nutrient intake, and the percentage of the population below the estimated average requirement (EAR) or above the adequate intake (AI) among apple consumers and non-consumers were examined. Results Consumers of total apple products had higher (p<0.01) total intakes of fiber, magnesium, and potassium and lower intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid, and sodium than non-consumers. Apple consumers had higher (p<0.01) total sugar intake, but lower intake of added sugars compared to non-consumers. A lower (p<0.01) percentage of apple consumers were below the EAR for 13 of the 16 nutrients studied. Apple consumers had approximately a 10 percentage unit difference below the EAR for calcium and magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E, than non-consumers. The percentage above the AI for fiber was significantly (p<0.0001) higher among total apple consumers (6.24±0.45 g) compared to non-consumers (0.57±0.07 g). The results were similar for individual apple products (i.e. apple juice, applesauce, and whole apples). Conclusion Consumption of any forms of apples provided valuable nutrients in the diets of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA;
| | - Carol E O'Neil
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Benefits and Progress of Nutrition Education Interventions- Narrative Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:1309-21. [PMID: 26576343 PMCID: PMC4644575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases and body weight management but the exact mechanism is unknown. The World Health Organisation and Food and Agriculture of the United Nation reports recommend adults to consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day excluding starchy vegetables. This review focuses on the importance of fruits and vegetables as well as the benefits and progress of nutrition education in improving intake. METHODS For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (e.g Science Direct, Pub Med and Google Scholar) using the keywords Fruit and vegetable, Nutrition education, Body weight, Obesity, Benefits and challenges. RESULTS Existing data suggests that despite the protective effects of fruits and vegetables, their intakes are still inadequate in many countries, especially developing ones. Consequently enhancing strategies to promote fruit and vegetable intake are essential for health promotion among population. A number of reviews confirm that a well planned and behaviour focused nutrition education intervention can significantly improve behaviour and health indicators. CONCLUSION Despite challenges in nutrition education intervention programs, they are considered as a good investment in terms of cost benefit ratio. Rapid improvement in trends of nutrition education can be seen in many countries and majority of interventions has been successful in increasing fruits and vegetables intake. It is recommended that health professionals use multiple interventions to deliver information in several smaller doses over time to ensure improved outcomes.
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Increasing fruit and vegetable intake: where are we at and how do we reach recommendations? Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:2701-4. [PMID: 26416287 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015002803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rathod KS, Velmurugan S, Ahluwalia A. A 'green' diet-based approach to cardiovascular health? Is inorganic nitrate the answer? Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:185-202. [PMID: 26256112 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of fruit and vegetables rich in inorganic nitrate (NO(3)(-)) has emerged as an effective method for acutely elevating vascular nitric oxide (NO) levels through formation of an NO(2)(-) intermediate. As such a number of beneficial effects of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) ingestion have been demonstrated including reductions in blood pressure, measures of arterial stiffness and platelet activity. The pathway for NO generation from such dietary interventions involves the activity of facultative oral microflora that facilitate the reduction of inorganic NO(3)(-), ingested in the diet, to inorganic NO(2)(-). This NO(2)(-) then eventually enters the circulation where, through the activity of one or more of a range of distinct NO(2)(-) reductases, it is chemically reduced to NO. This pathway provides an alternative route for in vivo NO generation that could be utilized for therapeutic benefit in those cardiovascular disease states where reduced bioavailable NO is thought to contribute to pathogenesis. Indeed, the cardiovascular benefits of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) are now starting to be translated in patients in several clinical trials. In this review, we discuss recent evidence supporting the potential utility of delivery of NO(3)(-) or NO(2)(-) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaraj Sinhji Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Shanti Velmurugan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts & The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that diets meeting recommendations for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake are more costly. Dietary costs may be a greater constraint on the diet quality of people of lower socioeconomic position (SEP). The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary costs are more strongly associated with F&V intake in lower-SEP groups than in higher-SEP groups. Data on individual participants’ education and income were available from a population-based, cross-sectional study of 10 020 British adults. F&V intake and dietary costs (GBP/d) were derived from a semi-quantitative FFQ. Dietary cost estimates were based on UK food prices. General linear models were used to assess associations between SEP, quartiles of dietary costs and F&V intake. Effect modification of SEP gradients by dietary costs was examined with interaction terms. Analysis demonstrated that individuals with lowest quartile dietary costs, low income and low education consumed less F&V than individuals with higher dietary costs, high income and high education. Significant interaction between SEP and dietary costs indicated that the association between dietary costs and F&V intake was stronger for less-educated and lower-income groups. That is, socioeconomic differences in F&V intake were magnified among individuals who consumed lowest-cost diets. Such amplification of socioeconomic inequalities in diet among those consuming low-cost diets indicates the need to address food costs in strategies to promote healthy diets. In addition, the absence of socioeconomic inequalities for individuals with high dietary costs suggests that high dietary costs can compensate for lack of other material, or psychosocial resources.
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224
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported inverse associations between various single healthy diet indices and lower levels of systemic inflammation, but rarely are they examined in the same sample. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen) and overall foods (dietary patterns), single foods (fruits and vegetables), and specific nutritive (antioxidants) and non-nutritive (flavonoids) food components in the same narrow-age cohort of older adults. The dietary intake of 792 participants aged 70 years from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was assessed using a 168-item FFQ. Models were adjusted for age, sex, childhood cognitive ability, lifestyle factors and history of disease. Using logistic regression analyses, CRP (normal v. elevated) was favourably associated (at P< 0·05) with the ‘health-aware’ (low-fat) dietary pattern (unstandardised β = (0·200, OR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99) and fruit intake (unstandardised β = (0·100, OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·82, 0·99), including flavonoid-rich apples (unstandardised β = (0·456, OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·439, 0·946). Using linear regression analyses, fibrinogen (continuous) was inversely associated (at P< 0·05) with the Mediterranean dietary pattern (standardised β = (0·100), fruit intake (standardised β = (0·083), and combined fruit and vegetable intake (standardised β = (0·084). We observed no association between food components (antioxidant nutrients or specific flavonoid subclasses) and inflammatory markers. In the present cross-sectional study, nutrient-dense dietary patterns were associated with lower levels of systemic inflammation in older people. The results are consistent with dietary guidelines that promote a balanced diet based on a variety of plant-based foods.
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225
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Nørnberg TR, Houlby L, Skov LR, Peréz-Cueto FJA. Choice architecture interventions for increased vegetable intake and behaviour change in a school setting: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2015; 136:132-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913915596017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The primary objective of this review is to assess the prevalence and quality of published studies on the effect of choice architectural nudge interventions promoting vegetable consumption among adolescents. Additionally, this review aims to identify studies estimating adolescents’ attitude towards choice architectural nudge interventions. Methods: Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched systematically for experimental studies with a predefined search strategy in the period November–December 2013. Publications were included following predetermined inclusion criteria. Studies were evaluated as of high, moderate or weak quality. Finally, studies were grouped by the type of intervention and underwent a narrative synthesis. Results: The search showed that only very few studies investigated the effects of choice architectural nudging interventions on vegetable consumption, and none of them had attitude towards behavioural interventions as an outcome measure. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the 12 studies were inconclusive, and the majority of studies were of weak or moderate quality. Conclusion: This review uncovers a gap in knowledge on the effect of choice architectural nudge interventions aiming to promote the intake of vegetables among adolescents in a school context. It also highlights that no previous studies have considered the attitudes towards choice architectural nudge interventions as a potential factor for their success – or lack thereof – in achieving the desired goal of increased vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Houlby
- Integrated Food Studies, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurits Rohden Skov
- Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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226
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Celli GB, Khattab R, Ghanem A, Brooks MSL. Refractance Window™ drying of haskap berry--preliminary results on anthocyanin retention and physicochemical properties. Food Chem 2015; 194:218-21. [PMID: 26471547 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to determine the anthocyanin retention and physicochemical properties of haskap powder prepared by Refractance Window™ (RW) drying. In general, the RW-dried powder particles had a smooth surface with similar thickness, consistent with the preparation method, and had a solubility of 75.63% in water. The RW-dried powder (consisting of 98% haskap berries) retained approximately 93.8% of anthocyanins from the original frozen fruits, as assessed by the pH-differential method. This result is in good agreement with HPLC analysis that indicated 92.9% retention. Three anthocyanins were identified in frozen berries and RW-dried powder: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, and peonidin 3-glucoside. Surprisingly, cyanidin 3-rutinoside exhibited the lowest retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bonat Celli
- Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rabie Khattab
- Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amyl Ghanem
- Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marianne Su-Ling Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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227
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Goldberg L, Lockwood C, Garg B, Kuehl KS. Healthy Team Healthy U: A Prospective Validation of an Evidence-Based Worksite Health Promotion and Wellness Platform. Front Public Health 2015; 3:188. [PMID: 26301210 PMCID: PMC4524273 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of a research-tested, team-based health promotion and wellness program combined with digital technologies and implemented in a diverse worksite setting among hospital, clinic, and university employees. Methods A prospective cohort study of employees completing biometrics and questionnaires before and after the initial 12-session wellness program and its 12-session booster, 1 year later. Results After both the initial intervention and booster, blood pressure and weight were reduced, with greater reductions among employees with pre-hypertension and hypertension and those with a body mass index ≥25. After both the initial intervention and booster, there was a significant increase in (1) daily intake of fruit and vegetable servings, (2) days/week of ≥30 min of exercise, (3) days/week of strength training, and (4) levels of moderately vigorous and vigorous daily physical activity. Self-reported indices of both depression and work-related stress were reduced, while participants reported increased happiness. Post booster, average sleep quality, and sleep duration increased among higher risk employees reporting ≤6 h of daily sleep. Employees reported receiving encouragement from co-workers to engage in healthful diet and physical activities, and exercised together more, and indicated that they would recommend the program to other employees. Longitudinal analysis revealed the durability of the initial intervention outcomes with further beneficial effects after the booster. Conclusion A research tested, comprehensive team-based health promotion and wellness program, combined with digital technologies, improved employee health behaviors, mood, sleep, elements of co-worker cohesion, and biometrics among a diverse multi-site workforce. Positive program effects were durable, with enhanced results after the booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Chondra Lockwood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Bharti Garg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Kerry S Kuehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR , USA
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228
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Using Short Dietary Questions to Develop Indicators of Dietary Behaviour for Use in Surveys Exploring Attitudinal and/or Behavioural Aspects of Dietary Choices. Nutrients 2015; 7:6330-45. [PMID: 26247963 PMCID: PMC4555126 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For countries where nutrition surveys are infrequent, there is a need to have some measure of healthful eating to plan and evaluate interventions. This study shows how it is possible to develop healthful eating indicators based on dietary guidelines from a cross sectional population survey. Adults 18 to 64 years answered questions about the type and amount of foods eaten the previous day, including fruit, vegetables, cereals, dairy, fish or meat and fluids. Scores were based on serves and types of food according to an established method. Factor analysis indicated two factors, confirmed by structural equation modeling: a recommended food healthful eating indicator (RF_HEI) and a discretionary food healthful eating indicator (DF_HEI). Both yield mean scores similar to an established dietary index validated against nutrient intake. Significant associations for the RF_HEI were education, income, ability to save, and attitude toward diet; and for the DF_HEI, gender, not living alone, living in a socially disadvantaged area, and attitude toward diet. The results confirm that short dietary questions can be used to develop healthful eating indicators against dietary recommendations. This will enable the exploration of dietary behaviours for “at risk” groups, such as those with excess weight, leading to more relevant interventions for populations.
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229
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Association between inflammatory potential of diet and mortality among women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1891-900. [PMID: 26227485 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet and dietary components have been studied previously in relation to mortality; however, little is known about the relationship between the inflammatory potential of overall diet and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and mortality among 33,747 participants in the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort. The DII score was calculated based on dietary information obtained from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Mortality was determined through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Registry through 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). During 15 years of follow-up, 7095 deaths were identified, including 1996 due to cancer, 602 of which were due to digestive-tract cancer, and 2399 due to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS After adjusting for age, energy intake, education, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, and smoking status, analyses revealed a positive association between higher DII score and all-cause mortality. When used as a continuous variable (range -4.19 to 5.10), DII score was associated with all-cause mortality (HRContinuous = 1.05; 95 % CI 1.01-1.09) and digestive-tract cancer mortality (HRContinuous = 1.15; 95 % CI 1.02-1.29). Comparing subjects in the highest quintile of DII (≥1.91) versus the lowest quintile (DII ≤ -0.67), a significant association was observed for all-cause mortality (HR = 1.25; 95 % CI 1.07-1.47, P trend = 0.003). CONCLUSION These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII score, was associated with all-cause and digestive-tract cancer mortality.
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230
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Bonat Celli G, Ghanem A, Su-Ling Brooks M. Influence of freezing process and frozen storage on the quality of fruits and fruit products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1075212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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231
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Lorková M, Kopčeková J, Gažarová M, Habánová M, Chlebo P, Magula D, Mrázová J. Dietary patterns and lifestyle of patients with myocardial infarction. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Civilization diseases, including cardiovascular, are major health problems in current modern society. Numerous studies provided sufficient evidence that variety of risk factors are involved in cardiovascular diseases formation. Of the most important is the lifestyle that largely contributes to our health, up to 50 - 60%. Lifestyle includes all modifiable risk factors that together affect the development of these diseases. In our study we searched and evaluated the nutritional parameters and lifestyle of patients hospitalized in Cardiocentre Nitra. In order to obtain the necessary information we chose the questionnaire method. In our survey 194 patients were included, of which 155 were men (79.89%) and 39 (20.11%) women. These patients were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. The vast majority of patients had overweight and obesity caused by improper eating habits. The high prevalence of overweight, BMI in the range 25 - 30 kg/m2, was also confirmed as statistically significant, p <0.05 (P=0.02). BMI over 25 kg/m2 was present in 85% of men and 80% of women. The consumption of selected food commodities with evidence of a positive or negative impact on the emergence of acute myocardial infarction was not statistically significant (p >0.05) when evaluating dietary habits. But we can confirm too frequent consumption of chicken at the expense of other types of meat and relatively frequent consumption of fish (once a week). We recorded the preference of semi-skimmed dairy products, but also high and inappropriate consumption of full-fat dairy products in men and women (37% and 17.8%, respectively). Daily intake of fruits and vegetables was in 85.9% of women and 64.7% of men. Everyday intake of bread and pastries was confirmed by 100% of respondents. Lifestyle was evaluated according to the presence of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Up to 60.5% of men and 26.4% of women admitted smoking, while 34.6% of men and 7.5% women ended up with the habit after myocardial infarction. The excessive alcohol consumption was not detected in the study group. Approximately 67% of men and 56% of women carry out an easier walking and moderate physical activity while taking into account their health status.
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232
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Celli GB, Ghanem A, Brooks MSL. Bioactive Encapsulated Powders for Functional Foods—a Review of Methods and Current Limitations. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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233
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Byberg L, Bellavia A, Orsini N, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hip fracture: a cohort study of Swedish men and women. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:976-84. [PMID: 25294687 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines recommend a daily intake of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Whether such intakes are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture is at present unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose-response association between habitual fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture in a cohort study based on 40,644 men from the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and 34,947 women from the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) (total n = 75,591), free from cardiovascular disease and cancer, who answered lifestyle questionnaires in 1997 (age 45 to 83 years). Intake of fruits and vegetables (servings/day) was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and incident hip fractures were retrieved from the Swedish Patient Register (1998 to 2010). The mean follow-up time was 14.2 years. One-third of the participants reported an intake of fruits and vegetables of >5 servings/day, one-third reported >3 to ≤5 servings/day, 28% reported >1 to ≤3 servings/day, and 6% reported ≤1 serving/day. During 1,037,645 person-years we observed 3644 hip fractures (2266 or 62% in women). The dose-response association was found to be strongly nonlinear (p < 0.001). Men and women with zero consumption had 88% higher rate of hip fracture compared with those consuming 5 servings/day; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.53 to 2.32). The rate was gradually lower with higher intakes; adjusted HR for 1 versus 5 servings/day was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.58). However, more than 5 servings/day did not confer additionally lower HRs (adjusted HR for 8 versus 5 servings/day was 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.03). Similar results were observed when men and women were analyzed separately. We conclude that there is a dose-response association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture such that an intake below the recommended five servings/day confers higher rates of hip fracture. Intakes above this recommendation do not seem to further lower the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Bellavia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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234
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Ball K, McNaughton SA, Le HND, Gold L, Ni Mhurchu C, Abbott G, Pollard C, Crawford D. Influence of price discounts and skill-building strategies on purchase and consumption of healthy food and beverages: outcomes of the Supermarket Healthy Eating for Life randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:1055-64. [PMID: 25877492 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.096735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fiscal strategies are increasingly considered upstream nutrition promotion measures. However, few trials have investigated the effectiveness or cost effectiveness of pricing manipulations on diet in real-world settings. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effects on fruit, vegetable, and beverage purchasing and consumption of a 20% price-reduction intervention, a tailored skills-based behavior-change intervention, and a combined intervention compared with a control condition. DESIGN The Supermarket Healthy Eating for Life trial was a randomized controlled trial conducted over 3 mo [baseline (time 1) to postintervention (time 2) with a 6-mo follow-up (time 3)]. Female primary household shoppers in Melbourne, Australia, were randomly assigned to a 1) skill-building (n = 160), 2) price-reduction (n = 161), 3) combined skill-building and price-reduction (n = 160), or 4) control (n = 161) group. Supermarket transaction data and surveys were used to measure the following study outcomes: fruit, vegetable, and beverage purchases and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption at each time point. RESULTS At 3 mo (time 2), price reduction-alone participants purchased more total vegetables and frozen vegetables than did controls. Price reduction-alone and price reduction-plus-skill-building participants purchased more fruit than did controls. Relative to controls, in the price-reduction group, total vegetable consumption increased by 233 g/wk (3.1 servings or 15% more than at baseline), and fruit purchases increased by 364 g/wk (2.4 servings; 35% more than at baseline). Increases were not maintained 6 mo postintervention (time 3). Price reduction-alone participants showed a tendency for a slight increase in fruit consumption at time 2 (P = 0.09) that was maintained at time 3 (P = 0.014). No intervention improved purchases of bottled water or low-calorie beverages. CONCLUSIONS A 20% price reduction in fruit and vegetables resulted in increased purchasing per household of 35% for fruit and 15% for vegetables over the price-reduction period. These findings show that price modifications can directly increase produce purchases. The Supermarket Healthy Eating for Life trial was registered at Current Controlled Trials Registration as ISRCTN39432901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Ball
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Ha N D Le
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Lisa Gold
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Cliona Ni Mhurchu
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Gavin Abbott
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - Christina Pollard
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
| | - David Crawford
- From the Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (KB, SAM, GA, and DC) and Deakin Health Economics (HNDL and LG), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; the National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (CNM); and the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia (CP)
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235
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Patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting exhibit poor pre-operative intakes of fruit, vegetables, dietary fibre, fish and vitamin D. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1466-76. [PMID: 25827177 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CHD may ensue from chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for both, and its optimisation may reduce post-operative mortality, atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline. In the present study, we investigated the usual dietary intakes of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), emphasising on food groups and nutrients with putative roles in the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. From November 2012 to April 2013, we approached ninety-three consecutive patients (80% men) undergoing elective CABG. Of these, fifty-five were finally included (84% men, median age 69 years; range 46-84 years). The median BMI was 27 (range 18-36) kg/m(2). The dietary intake items were fruits (median 181 g/d; range 0-433 g/d), vegetables (median 115 g/d; range 0-303 g/d), dietary fibre (median 22 g/d; range 9-45 g/d), EPA+DHA (median 0.14 g/d; range 0.01-1.06 g/d), vitamin D (median 4.9 μg/d; range 1.9-11.2 μg/d), saturated fat (median 13.1% of energy (E%); range 9-23 E%) and linoleic acid (LA; median 6.3 E%; range 1.9-11.3 E%). The percentages of patients with dietary intakes below recommendations were 62% (fruits; recommendation 200 g/d), 87 % (vegetables; recommendation 150-200 g/d), 73% (dietary fibre; recommendation 30-45 g/d), 91% (EPA+DHA; recommendation 0.45 g/d), 98% (vitamin D; recommendation 10-20 μg/d) and 13% (LA; recommendation 5-10 E%). The percentages of patients with dietary intakes above recommendations were 95% (saturated fat; recommendation < 10 E%) and 7% (LA). The dietary intakes of patients proved comparable with the average nutritional intake of the age- and sex-matched healthy Dutch population. These unbalanced pre-operative diets may put them at risk of unfavourable surgical outcomes, since they promote a pro-inflammatory state. We conclude that there is an urgent need for intervention trials aiming at rapid improvement of their diets to reduce peri-operative risks.
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Clemens R, Drewnowski A, Ferruzzi MG, Toner CD, Welland D. Squeezing fact from fiction about 100% fruit juice. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:236S-243S. [PMID: 25770266 PMCID: PMC4352186 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total fruit intake in the United States is ~1 cup equivalent per day, or one-half of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation for adults. Two-thirds of the fruit consumed is whole fruit and one-third is 100% juice. The nutritional value of whole fruit, with the exception of fiber and vitamin C, may be retained with appropriate juice production methods and storage conditions. One-hundred percent fruit juice consumption is associated with a number of health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular health and decreased obesity, although some of these and other potential benefits are controversial. Comprehensive analyses of the evidence by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2014, the US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee in 2010, and the Australian Dietary Guidelines of 2013 concluded that 100% fruit juice is not related to adiposity in children when consumed in appropriate amounts for age and energy needs. However, some reports suggest the consumption of fruit juice contributes to unhealthful outcomes, particularly among children. A dietary modeling study on the best ways to meet the fruit intake shortfall showed that a combination of whole fruit and 100% juice improved dietary density of potassium and vitamin C without significantly increasing total calories. Notably, 100% juice intake was capped at amounts consistent with the 2001 American Pediatric Association guidance. The preponderance of evidence supports the position that 100% fruit juice delivers essential nutrients and phytonutrients, provides year-round access to a variety of fruits, and is a cost-effective way to help people meet fruit recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Clemens
- Horn, La Mirada, CA; University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA; and California State University, Northridge, CA
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, WA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science and Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Aasheim ET, Sharp SJ, Appleby PN, Shipley MJ, Lentjes MAH, Khaw KT, Brunner E, Key TJ, Wareham NJ. Tinned fruit consumption and mortality in three prospective cohorts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117796. [PMID: 25714554 PMCID: PMC4340615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations to promote health include fresh, frozen and tinned fruit, but few studies have examined the health benefits of tinned fruit. We therefore studied the association between tinned fruit consumption and mortality. We followed up participants from three prospective cohorts in the United Kingdom: 22,421 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort (1993-2012), 52,625 participants from the EPIC-Oxford cohort (1993-2012), and 7440 participants from the Whitehall II cohort (1991-2012), all reporting no history of heart attack, stroke, or cancer when entering these studies. We estimated the association between frequency of tinned fruit consumption and all cause mortality (primary outcome measure) using Cox regression models within each cohort, and pooled hazard ratios across cohorts using random-effects meta-analysis. Tinned fruit consumption was assessed with validated food frequency questionnaires including specific questions about tinned fruit. During 1,305,330 person years of follow-up, 8857 deaths occurred. After adjustment for lifestyle factors and risk markers the pooled hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of all cause mortality compared with the reference group of tinned fruit consumption less often than one serving per month were: 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) for one to three servings per month, 1.10 (1.03, 1.18) for one serving per week, and 1.13 (1.04, 1.23) for two or more servings per week. Analysis of cause-specific mortality showed that tinned fruit consumption was associated with mortality from cardiovascular causes and from non-cardiovascular, non-cancer causes. In a pooled analysis of three prospective cohorts from the United Kingdom self-reported tinned fruit consumption in the 1990s was weakly but positively associated with mortality during long-term follow-up. These findings raise questions about the evidence underlying dietary recommendations to promote tinned fruit consumption as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend T. Aasheim
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Shipley
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen A. H. Lentjes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Brunner
- University College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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238
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Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japan: a 24-year follow-up of the NIPPON DATA80 Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:482-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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239
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Lee J, Shin A. Vegetable and fruit intake in one person household: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2012). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2015.48.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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240
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Potter JD. Nutritional epidemiology--there's life in the old dog yet! Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:323-30. [PMID: 25515549 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consideration is given to the idea that the nutritional epidemiology of cancer is dead, as some in the media have claimed. The basis for the claim does not lie in science nor has anyone with relevant knowledge made such a statement-although that, too, has been claimed. Evidence is adduced for the importance of past achievements of nutritional epidemiology. Attention is similarly drawn to recent contributions. In particular, I note the state of play of cancer and plant foods, fat and breast cancer, meat and cancer, vegetarians, intervention studies, migrant studies, and westernization of diet and lifestyle. Some next steps and some currently important questions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Potter
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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241
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Grace MH, Yousef GG, Esposito D, Raskin I, Lila MA. Bioactive capacity, sensory properties, and nutritional analysis of a shelf stable protein-rich functional ingredient with concentrated fruit and vegetable phytoactives. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:372-378. [PMID: 25359555 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Well-known health-protective phytochemicals from muscadine grape and kale were stably complexed with food grade protein (soy or hemp protein isolates) to create biofortified food ingredients for use in a variety of convenient, portable food formulations. The bioactive (anti-inflammatory) potential, sensory attributes and proximates of the prepared formulations were evaluated in this study. Anti-inflammatory properties of the protein-phytoactive ingredient particles were contributed by the polyphenolic content (muscadine-protein) or the combination of polyphenol, carotenoid, and glucosinolate content (kale-protein aggregates). Phytoactive compounds from the fortified matrices suppressed at least two biomarkers of inflammation; most notable with the expression of chronic pro-inflammatory genes IL-6 and Mcp1. Sensory analysis suggested both sweet and savory functional food applications for the biofortified ingredients. Proximate analyses determined that fortification of the soy protein isolate (SPI) with muscadine or kale bioactives resulted in elevated dietary fibers, total carbohydrates, and free sugars, but did not increase calories/100 g dry matrix compared to unfortified SPI. Overall protein content in the aggregate matrices was about 37% less (muscadine-SPI, kale-SPI and kale- HP50) or 17.6% less (muscadine-HP50) on a weight basis, likely due to solubility of some proteins during preparation and partial displacement of some protein mass by the fruit and vegetable phytoactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Grace
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
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242
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Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Woodside
- Centre for Public Health; Queen's University Belfast; UK
| | - C. Rooney
- Centre for Public Health; Queen's University Belfast; UK
| | - M. C. McKinley
- Centre for Public Health; Queen's University Belfast; UK
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243
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Yang Y, Zhang D, Feng N, Chen G, Liu J, Chen G, Zhu Y. Increased intake of vegetables, but not fruit, reduces risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:1031-42. [PMID: 25127680 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The anti-cancer effects of vegetables and fruit have been investigated extensively, but the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been quantified. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to clarify the association. METHODS We identified eligible studies, published from 1956 through May 31, 2014, by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and dose-response analyses were conducted to quantify associations. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics. RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 1,290,045 participants and 3912 cases of HCC were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for HCC was 0.72 for individuals with high intake vs low intake of vegetables (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-0.83) and 0.92 with a daily increase in vegetable intake (100 g/d) (95% CI: 0.88-0.95). Subgroup analyses showed that this inverse association did not change regardless of history of hepatitis, alcohol drinking, smoking, or energy intake. The summary RR for HCC among individuals with high vs low intake of fruit was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.80-1.09), and 0.99 with a daily increase in fruit intake (100 g/d) (95% CI: 0.94-1.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on a meta-analysis, increased intake of vegetables, but not fruit, is associated with lower risk for HCC. The risk of HCC decreases by 8% for every 100 g/d increase in vegetable intake. The findings should be confirmed by future studies with validated questionnaires and strict control of confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochong Chen
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianjiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China
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244
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Tapper K, Jiga-Boy G, Maio GR, Haddock G, Lewis M. Development and preliminary evaluation of an internet-based healthy eating program: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e231. [PMID: 25305376 PMCID: PMC4210956 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HealthValues Healthy Eating Programme is a standalone Internet-based intervention that employs a novel strategy for promoting behavior change (analyzing one's reasons for endorsing health values) alongside other psychological principles that have been shown to influence behavior. The program consists of phases targeting motivation (dietary feedback and advice, analyzing reasons for health values, thinking about health-related desires, and concerns), volition (implementation intentions with mental contrasting), and maintenance (reviewing tasks, weekly tips). OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the effects of the program on consumption of fruit and vegetables, saturated fat, and added sugar over a 6-month period. METHODS A total of 82 females and 18 males were recruited using both online and print advertisements in the local community. They were allocated to an intervention or control group using a stratified block randomization protocol. The program was designed such that participants logged onto a website every week for 24 weeks and completed health-related measures. Those allocated to the intervention group also completed the intervention tasks at these sessions. Additionally, all participants attended laboratory sessions at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. During these sessions, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ, the Block Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener, adapted for the UK), and researchers (blind to group allocation) measured their body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS Data were analyzed using a series of ANOVA models. Per protocol analysis (n=92) showed a significant interaction for fruit and vegetable consumption (P=.048); the intervention group increased their intake between baseline and 6 months (3.7 to 4.1 cups) relative to the control group (3.6 to 3.4 cups). Results also showed overall reductions in saturated fat intake (20.2 to 15.6 g, P<.001) and added sugar intake (44.6 to 33.9 g, P<.001) during this period, but there were no interactions with group. Similarly, there were overall reductions in BMI (27.7 to 27.3 kg/m(2), P=.001) and WHR (0.82 to 0.81, P=.009), but no interactions with group. The intervention did not affect alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, or HRV. Data collected during the online sessions suggested that the changes in fruit and vegetable consumption were driven by the motivational and maintenance phases of the program. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the program helped individuals to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables and to sustain this over a 6-month period. The observed reduction in fat and sugar intake suggests that monitoring behaviors over time is effective, although further research is needed to confirm this conclusion. The Web-based nature of the program makes it a potentially cost-effective way of promoting healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Tapper
- Department of Psychology, City University London, London, United Kingdom.
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245
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Stranges S, Samaraweera PC, Taggart F, Kandala NB, Stewart-Brown S. Major health-related behaviours and mental well-being in the general population: the Health Survey for England. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005878. [PMID: 25239293 PMCID: PMC4170205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major behavioural risk factors are known to adversely affect health outcomes and be strongly associated with mental illness. However, little is known about the association of these risk factors with mental well-being in the general population. We sought to examine behavioural correlates of high and low mental well-being in the Health Survey for England. METHODS Participants were 13,983 adults, aged 16 years and older (56% females), with valid responses for the combined 2010 and 2011 surveys. Mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS). ORs of low and high mental well-being, compared to the middle-range category, were estimated for body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking habits, and fruit and vegetable intake. RESULTS ORs for low mental well-being were increased in obese individuals (up to 1.72, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.36 in BMI 40+ kg/m(2)). They increased in a linear fashion with increasing smoking (up to 1.98, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.53, >20 cigarettes/day) and with decreasing fruit and vegetable intake (up to 1.53, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.90, <1 portion/day); whereas ORs were reduced for sensible alcohol intake (0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.91, ≤4 units/day in men, ≤3 units/day in women). ORs for high mental well-being were not correlated with categories of BMI or alcohol intake. ORs were reduced among ex-smokers (0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.92), as well as with lower fruit and vegetable intake (up to 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92, 1 to <3 portions/day). CONCLUSIONS Along with smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption was the health-related behaviour most consistently associated with mental well-being in both sexes. Alcohol intake and obesity were associated with low, but not high mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Stranges
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Preshila Chandimali Samaraweera
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka
| | - Frances Taggart
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
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247
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Berciano S, Ordovás JM. Nutrition and cardiovascular health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:738-47. [PMID: 25172070 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of studies have been published on the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk and a variety of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. Despite the well-accepted notion that diet has a significant influence on the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease, the foods considered healthy and harmful have varied over the years. This review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence on the cardioprotective effect of those foods and nutrients that have been considered healthy as well as those that have been deemed unhealthy at any given time in history. For this purpose, we reviewed the most recent literature using as keywords foods and nutrients (ie, meat, omega-3) and cardiovascular disease-related terms (ie, cardiovascular diseases, stroke). Emphasis has been placed on meta-analyses and Cochrane reviews. In general, there is a paucity of intervention studies with a high level of evidence supporting the benefits of healthy foods (ie, fruits and vegetables), whereas the evidence supporting the case against those foods considered less healthy (ie, saturated fat) seems to be weakened by most recent evidence. In summary, most of the evidence supporting the benefits and harms of specific foods and nutrients is based on observational epidemiological studies. The outcome of randomized clinical trials reveals a more confusing picture with most studies providing very small effects in one direction or another; the strongest evidence comes from dietary patterns. The current status of the relationship between diet and cardiovascular disease risk calls for more tailored recommendations based on genomic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Ordovás
- IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; United States Department of Agriculture Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
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