201
|
Jamsai D, O'Connor AE, O'Donnell L, Lo JCY, O'Bryan MK. Uncoupling of transcription and translation of Fanconi anemia (FANC) complex proteins during spermatogenesis. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 5:e979061. [PMID: 26413409 DOI: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Male germ cell genome integrity is critical for spermatogenesis, fertility and normal development of the offspring. Several DNA repair pathways exist in male germ cells. One such important pathway is the Fanconi anemia (FANC) pathway. Unlike in somatic cells, expression profiles and the role of the FANC pathway in germ cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we undertook an extensive expression analyses at both mRNA and protein levels of key components of the FANC pathway during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Herein we show that Fanc mRNAs and proteins displayed developmental enrichment within particular male germ cell types. Spermatogonia and pre-leptotene spermatocytes contained the majority of the FANC components examined i.e. complex I members FANCB, FANCG and FANCM, complex II members FANCD2 and FANCI, and complex III member FANCJ. Leptotene, zygotene and early pachytene spermatocytes contained FANCB, FANCG, FANCM and FANCD2. With the exception of FANCL, all FANC proteins examined were not detected in round spermatids. Elongating and elongated spermatids contained FANCB, FANCG, FANCL and FANCJ. qPCR analysis on isolated spermatocytes and round spermatids showed that Fancg, Fancl, Fancm, Fancd2, Fanci and Fancj mRNAs were expressed in both of these germ cell types, indicating that some degree of translational repression of these FANC proteins occurs during the transition from meiosis to spermiogenesis. Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that the assembly of FANC protein complexes in each of the male germ cell type is unique and may be distinct from the proposed model in mitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duangporn Jamsai
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University ; Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University ; Victoria, Australia
| | - Liza O'Donnell
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University ; Victoria, Australia ; MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research ; Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Chi Yi Lo
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University ; Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University ; Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Gwon GH, Kim Y, Liu Y, Watson AT, Jo A, Etheridge TJ, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Kim Y, Carr AM, Cho Y. Crystal structure of a Fanconi anemia-associated nuclease homolog bound to 5' flap DNA: basis of interstrand cross-link repair by FAN1. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2276-90. [PMID: 25319828 PMCID: PMC4201288 DOI: 10.1101/gad.248492.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in FA genes responsible for processing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). FA-associated nuclease (FAN1) is recruited to lesions by a monoubiquitinated FANCI–FANCD2 (ID) complex and participates in ICL repair. Here, Gwon et al. determined the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FAN1 (PaFAN1) lacking the UBZ (ubiquitin-binding zinc) domain in complex with 5′ flap DNA. The PaFAN1 structure provides insights into how FAN1 integrates with the FA complex to participate in ICL repair. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in any of 15 FA genes responsible for processing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). The ultimate outcome of the FA pathway is resolution of cross-links, which requires structure-selective nucleases. FA-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1) is believed to be recruited to lesions by a monoubiquitinated FANCI–FANCD2 (ID) complex and participates in ICL repair. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FAN1 (PaFAN1) lacking the UBZ (ubiquitin-binding zinc) domain in complex with 5′ flap DNA. All four domains of the right-hand-shaped PaFAN1 are involved in DNA recognition, with each domain playing a specific role in bending DNA at the nick. The six-helix bundle that binds the junction connects to the catalytic viral replication and repair (VRR) nuclease (VRR nuc) domain, enabling FAN1 to incise the scissile phosphate a few bases distant from the junction. The six-helix bundle also inhibits the cleavage of intact Holliday junctions. PaFAN1 shares several conserved features with other flap structure-selective nucleases despite structural differences. A clamping motion of the domains around the wedge helix, which acts as a pivot, facilitates nucleolytic cleavage. The PaFAN1 structure provides insights into how archaeal Holliday junction resolvases evolved to incise 5′ flap substrates and how FAN1 integrates with the FA complex to participate in ICL repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyeon Gwon
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Youngran Kim
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Adam T Watson
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aera Jo
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Thomas J Etheridge
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fenghua Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - YoungChang Kim
- Biosciences Division, Structural Biology Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Anthony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Takeiri A, Wada NA, Motoyama S, Matsuzaki K, Tateishi H, Matsumoto K, Niimi N, Sassa A, Grúz P, Masumura K, Yamada M, Mishima M, Jishage KI, Nohmi T. In vivo evidence that DNA polymerase kappa is responsible for error-free bypass across DNA cross-links induced by mitomycin C. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 24:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
204
|
Elg1, a central player in genome stability. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 763:267-79. [PMID: 25795125 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ELG1 is a conserved gene uncovered in a number of genetic screens in yeast aimed at identifying factors important in the maintenance of genome stability. Elg1's activity prevents gross chromosomal rearrangements, maintains proper telomere length regulation, helps repairing DNA damage created by a number of genotoxins and participates in sister chromatid cohesion. Elg1 is evolutionarily conserved, and its mammalian ortholog (also known as ATAD5) is embryonic lethal when lost in mice, acts as a tumor suppressor in mice and humans, exhibits physical interactions with components of the human Fanconi Anemia pathway and may be responsible for some of the phenotypes associated with neurofibromatosis. In this review, we summarize the information available on Elg1-related activities in yeast and mammals, and present models to explain how the different phenotypes observed in the absence of Elg1 activity are related.
Collapse
|
205
|
Li YC, Rodewald LW, Hoppmann C, Wong ET, Lebreton S, Safar P, Patek M, Wang L, Wertman KF, Wahl GM. A versatile platform to analyze low-affinity and transient protein-protein interactions in living cells in real time. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1946-1958. [PMID: 25464845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play central roles in orchestrating biological processes. While some PPIs are stable, many important ones are transient and hard to detect with conventional approaches. We developed ReBiL, a recombinase enhanced bimolecular luciferase complementation platform, to enable detection of weak PPIs in living cells. ReBiL readily identified challenging transient interactions between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. ReBiL's ability to rapidly interrogate PPIs in diverse conditions revealed that some stapled α-helical peptides, a class of PPI antagonists, induce target-independent cytosolic leakage and cytotoxicity that is antagonized by serum. These results explain the requirement for serum-free conditions to detect stapled peptide activity, and define a required parameter to evaluate for peptide antagonist approaches. ReBiL's ability to expedite PPI analysis, assess target specificity and cell permeability, and reveal off-target effects of PPI modifiers should facilitate the development of effective, cell-permeable PPI therapeutics and the elaboration of diverse biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Cheng Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luo Wei Rodewald
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian Hoppmann
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sylvain Lebreton
- Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, 2090 East Innovation Park Drive, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Pavel Safar
- Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, 2090 East Innovation Park Drive, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Marcel Patek
- Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, 2090 East Innovation Park Drive, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth F Wertman
- Sanofi Tucson Innovation Center, 2090 East Innovation Park Drive, Oro Valley, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive chromosomal instability syndrome. It is a hereditary disorder with defects in DNA repair characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors. Bi-allelic gene mutations in FA cause not only the FA phenotype but also genome instability and additional mutations in their somatic cells resulting in a high predisposition to many different types of cancers. Mono-allelic mutation in FA genes increases the susceptibility to several types of cancers in a sporadic manner in non-FA patients. The strong link between cancer from bi-allelic and mono-allelic FA gene mutations has been well established. Studies have demonstrated a link between FA and cancer due to gene defects which cause the disruption of the FA pathways in a proportion of familial and sporadic cancers. The convincing evidence is that one of the FA genes, FANCD1 is identical to the well-known breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2. Another three FA genes were found to be associated with genes mutated from breast cancer and other types of cancers such as prostate cancer as well. Studies on FA's biological function in genome instability maintenance, DNA damage/repair and its complex regulation pathways have become the main focus within the genetic cancer research field because of many unique features of FA. The lessons learnt from FA studies provided invaluable information towards the understanding of cancer pathogenesis to be translated into targeting cancer therapies. Studies also demonstrated that FA is a paradigm of cancer-prone inherited monogenic disease, offering insights into the pathogenesis of many types of human diseases, particularly in bone marrow failure, cancer and aging. In this review, brief FA clinical characteristics, identification of FA genes and their protein pathways, the pathogenic linking between cancers from bi-allelic and mono-allelic mutated FA genes will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhanhe Wu
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer, Qiqihaer 161005, China ; 2 Department of Neonatology, Qiqihaer Hospital of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihaer 161000, China ; 3 Western Sydney Genomic Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Genetic variants in fanconi anemia pathway genes BRCA2 and FANCA predict melanoma survival. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:542-550. [PMID: 25243787 PMCID: PMC4289462 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most lethal skin cancer. The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway involved in DNA crosslinks repair may affect CM susceptibility and prognosis. Using data derived from published genome-wide association study, we comprehensively analyzed the associations of 2339 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 14 autosomal FA genes with overall survival (OS) in 858 CM patients. By performing false-positive report probability corrections and stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, we identified significant associations between CM OS and four putatively functional SNPs: BRCA2 rs10492396 [AG vs. GG: adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR)=1.85, 95% confident interval (CI)=1.16-2.95, P=0.010], rs206118 (CC vs. TT+TC: adjHR=2.44, 95% CI=1.27-4.67, P=0.007), rs3752447 (CC vs. TT+TC: adjHR=2.10, 95% CI=1.38-3.18, P=0.0005), and FANCA rs62068372 (TT vs. CC+CT: adjHR=1.85, 95% CI=1.27-2.69, P=0.001). Moreover, patients with an increasing number of unfavorable genotypes (NUG) of these loci had markedly reduced OS and melanoma-specific survival (MSS). The final model incorporating with NUG, tumor stage and Breslow thickness showed an improved discriminatory ability to classify both 5-year OS and 5-year MSS. Additional investigations, preferably prospective studies, are needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
|
208
|
Sugahara R, Mon H, Lee JM, Shiotsuki T, Kusakabe T. Differential contribution of the Fanconi anemia-related proteins to repair of several types of DNA damage in cultured silkworm cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3959-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
209
|
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) represents a paradigm of rare genetic diseases, where the quest for cause and cure has led to seminal discoveries in cancer biology. Although a total of 16 FA genes have been identified thus far, the biochemical function of many of the FA proteins remains to be elucidated. FA is rare, yet the fact that 5 FA genes are in fact familial breast cancer genes and FA gene mutations are found frequently in sporadic cancers suggest wider applicability in hematopoiesis and oncology. Establishing the interaction network involving the FA proteins and their associated partners has revealed an intersection of FA with several DNA repair pathways, including homologous recombination, DNA mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, and translesion DNA synthesis. Importantly, recent studies have shown a major involvement of the FA pathway in the tolerance of reactive aldehydes. Moreover, despite improved outcomes in stem cell transplantation in the treatment of FA, many challenges remain in patient care.
Collapse
|
210
|
Primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma of the torcular Herophili associated with Fanconi anemia and allogenic stem cell transplantation. Childs Nerv Syst 2014; 30:1613-6. [PMID: 24752708 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia is associated with a high risk for developing malignant tumors. The occurrence of primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma, however, which in general has a poor prognosis, has not been described thus far. The purpose of this study is to report on management and outcome of leiomyosarcoma of the torcular Herophili associated with Fanconi anemia in a pediatric patient. CASE REPORT A 12-year-old girl with Fanconi anemia presented with a primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma arising from the torcular Herophili and infiltrating the adjacent venous sinuses after previous allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Radical tumor resection followed by radiotherapy resulted in tumor-free survival and good outcome at a 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Despite occurrence of leiomyosarcoma in a site thought unfavorable for surgery, combined tumor resection and radiosurgery may yield excellent outcome.
Collapse
|
211
|
Riaz N, Morris LG, Lee W, Chan TA. Unraveling the molecular genetics of head and neck cancer through genome-wide approaches. Genes Dis 2014; 1:75-86. [PMID: 25642447 PMCID: PMC4310010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen an unprecedented increase in our understanding of the biology and etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Genome-wide sequencing projects have identified a number of recurrently mutated genes, including unexpected alterations in the NOTCH pathway and chromatin related genes. Gene-expression profiling has identified 4 distinct genetic subtypes which show some parallels to lung squamous cell carcinoma biology. The identification of the human papilloma virus as one causative agent in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers and their association with a favorable prognosis has opened up avenues for new therapeutic strategies. The expanding knowledge of the underlying molecular abnormalities in this once very poorly understood cancer should allow for increasingly rational clinical trial design and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc G. Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Yao C, Du W, Chen H, Xiao S, Huang L, Chen F. The Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway is involved in DNA interstrand cross-link repair of adriamycin-resistant leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:755-62. [PMID: 24996439 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.935363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia/BRCA (FA/BRCA) pathway plays a vital role in DNA damage repair induced by DNA cross-linking agents and is closely related to drug response in cancer treatment. Here we demonstrate that the FA/BRCA pathway contributes to acquired drug resistance in adriamycin (ADR)-resistant leukemia cell lines, and disruption of this pathway partially reverses the drug resistance. We observed that ADR-resistant cells have reduced DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) compared with ADR-sensitive cells. Western blot studies demonstrated enhanced FA protein expression in ADR-resistant cells. Using siRNA to knock down FANCF in K562/R drug-resistant cells showed increases in sensitivity to ADR and ADR-induced DNA damage, and demonstrated a direct relationship between the FA/BRCA pathway and drug sensitivity. Overexpression of FANCF in K562 drug-sensitive cells partially reproduced the drug-resistant phenotype. These results show that the FA/BRCA pathway is involved in acquired ADR resistance of leukemia cells. The FA/BRCA pathway may be a new target to reverse ADR resistance in leukemia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Zhu B, Yan K, Li L, Lin M, Zhang S, He Q, Zheng D, Yang H, Shao G. K63-linked ubiquitination of FANCG is required for its association with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex to modulate homologous recombination repair of DNA interstand crosslinks. Oncogene 2014; 34:2867-78. [PMID: 25132264 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are extremely deleterious lesions that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) through coordination of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) product, but the exact role these proteins have remains unclear. Here we report that FANCG was modified by the addition of lysine63-linked polyubiquitin chains (K63Ub) in response to DNA damage. We show that FANCG K63Ub was dispensable for monoubiquitination of FANCD2, but was required for FANCG to interact with the Rap80-BRCA1 (receptor-associated protein 80-BRCA1) complex for subsequent modulation of HR repair of ICLs induced by mitomycin C. Mutation of three lysine residues within FANCG to arginine (K182, K258 and K347, 3KR) reduced FANCG K63Ub modification, as well as its interaction with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex, and therefore impeded HR repair. In addition, we demonstrated that K63Ub-modified FANCG was deubiquitinated by BRCC36 complex in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of BRCC36 resulted in increased K63Ub modification of FANCG. Taken together, our results identify a new role of FANCG in HR repair of ICL through K63Ub-mediated interaction with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - K Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - G Shao
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Abstract
PALB2 [partner and localizer of BRCA2 (breast cancer early-onset 2)] [corrected] has emerged as a key player in the maintenance of genome integrity. Biallelic mutations in PALB2 cause FA (Fanconi's anaemia) subtype FA-N, a devastating inherited disorder marked by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure and childhood cancer susceptibility, whereas monoallelic mutations predispose to breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer. The tumour suppressor role of PALB2 has been intimately linked to its ability to promote HR (homologous recombination)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Because PALB2 lies at the crossroads between FA, HR and cancer susceptibility, understanding its function has become the primary focus of several studies. The present review discusses a current synthesis of the contribution of PALB2 to these pathways. We also provide a molecular description of FA- or cancer-associated PALB2 mutations.
Collapse
|
215
|
Chen X, Wilson JB, McChesney P, Williams SA, Kwon Y, Longerich S, Marriott AS, Sung P, Jones NJ, Kupfer GM. The Fanconi anemia proteins FANCD2 and FANCJ interact and regulate each other's chromatin localization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25774-82. [PMID: 25070891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic disease resulting in bone marrow failure, birth defects, and cancer that is thought to encompass a defect in maintenance of genomic stability. Mutations in 16 genes (FANCA, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, and Q) have been identified in patients, with the Fanconi anemia subtype J (FA-J) resulting from homozygous mutations in the FANCJ gene. Here, we describe the direct interaction of FANCD2 with FANCJ. We demonstrate the interaction of FANCD2 and FANCJ in vivo and in vitro by immunoprecipitation in crude cell lysates and from fractions after gel filtration and with baculovirally expressed proteins. Mutation of the monoubiquitination site of FANCD2 (K561R) preserves interaction with FANCJ constitutively in a manner that impedes proper chromatin localization of FANCJ. FANCJ is necessary for FANCD2 chromatin loading and focus formation in response to mitomycin C treatment. Our results suggest not only that FANCD2 regulates FANCJ chromatin localization but also that FANCJ is necessary for efficient loading of FANCD2 onto chromatin following DNA damage caused by mitomycin C treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James B Wilson
- the Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Youngho Kwon
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Simonne Longerich
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Andrew S Marriott
- the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom, and
| | - Patrick Sung
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Nigel J Jones
- the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom, and
| | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
FANCA knockout in human embryonic stem cells causes a severe growth disadvantage. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:240-50. [PMID: 25108529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) during childhood, aside from numerous congenital abnormalities. FA mouse models have been generated; however, they do not fully mimic the hematopoietic phenotype. As there is mounting evidence that the hematopoietic impairment starts already in utero, a human pluripotent stem cell model would constitute a more appropriate system to investigate the mechanisms underlying BMF in FA and its developmental basis. Using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology, we have created a knockout of FANCA in human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We introduced a selection cassette into exon 2 thereby disrupting the FANCA coding sequence and found that whereas mono-allelically targeted cells retain an unaltered proliferation potential, disruption of the second allele causes a severe growth disadvantage. As a result, heterogeneous cultures arise due to the presence of cells still carrying an unaffected FANCA allele, quickly outgrowing the knockout cells. When pure cultures of FANCA knockout hESC are pursued either through selection or single cell cloning, this rapidly results in growth arrest and such cultures cannot be maintained. These data highlight the importance of a functional FA pathway at the pluripotent stem cell stage.
Collapse
|
217
|
Wang CQ, Krishnan V, Tay LS, Chin DWL, Koh CP, Chooi JY, Nah GSS, Du L, Jacob B, Yamashita N, Lai SK, Tan TZ, Mori S, Tanuichi I, Tergaonkar V, Ito Y, Osato M. Disruption of Runx1 and Runx3 leads to bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition due to transcriptional and DNA repair defects. Cell Rep 2014; 8:767-82. [PMID: 25066130 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX genes encode transcription factors involved in development and human disease. RUNX1 and RUNX3 are frequently associated with leukemias, yet the basis for their involvement in leukemogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we show that Runx1;Runx3 double-knockout (DKO) mice exhibited lethal phenotypes due to bone marrow failure and myeloproliferative disorder. These contradictory clinical manifestations are reminiscent of human inherited bone marrow failure syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), caused by defective DNA repair. Indeed, Runx1;Runx3 DKO cells showed mitomycin C hypersensitivity, due to impairment of monoubiquitinated-FANCD2 recruitment to DNA damage foci, although FANCD2 monoubiquitination in the FA pathway was unaffected. RUNX1 and RUNX3 interact with FANCD2 independently of CBFβ, suggesting a nontranscriptional role for RUNX in DNA repair. These findings suggest that RUNX dysfunction causes DNA repair defect, besides transcriptional misregulation, and promotes the development of leukemias and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Lavina Sierra Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Desmond Wai Loon Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Cai Ping Koh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Giselle Sek Suan Nah
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Linsen Du
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Bindya Jacob
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Namiko Yamashita
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Soak Kuan Lai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ichiro Tanuichi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Liu GH, Suzuki K, Li M, Qu J, Montserrat N, Tarantino C, Gu Y, Yi F, Xu X, Zhang W, Ruiz S, Plongthongkum N, Zhang K, Masuda S, Nivet E, Tsunekawa Y, Soligalla RD, Goebl A, Aizawa E, Kim NY, Kim J, Dubova I, Li Y, Ren R, Benner C, Del Sol A, Bueren J, Trujillo JP, Surralles J, Cappelli E, Dufour C, Esteban CR, Belmonte JCI. Modelling Fanconi anemia pathogenesis and therapeutics using integration-free patient-derived iPSCs. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4330. [PMID: 24999918 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability, congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and bone marrow (BM) failure. However, the pathogenesis of FA is not fully understood partly due to the limitations of current disease models. Here, we derive integration free-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an FA patient without genetic complementation and report in situ gene correction in FA-iPSCs as well as the generation of isogenic FANCA-deficient human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines. FA cellular phenotypes are recapitulated in iPSCs/ESCs and their adult stem/progenitor cell derivatives. By using isogenic pathogenic mutation-free controls as well as cellular and genomic tools, our model serves to facilitate the discovery of novel disease features. We validate our model as a drug-screening platform by identifying several compounds that improve hematopoietic differentiation of FA-iPSCs. These compounds are also able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotype of FA patient BM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mo Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jing Qu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Center for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Fei Yi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Xiuling Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nongluk Plongthongkum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yuji Tsunekawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Rupa Devi Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - April Goebl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Na Young Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Kim
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ilir Dubova
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ying Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chris Benner
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Juan Bueren
- Hematopoiesis and Gene Therapy Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Trujillo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova Quarto, Italy
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
A DNA-Dependent Protease Involved in DNA-Protein Crosslink Repair. Cell 2014; 158:327-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
220
|
Peng M, Xie J, Ucher A, Stavnezer J, Cantor SB. Crosstalk between BRCA-Fanconi anemia and mismatch repair pathways prevents MSH2-dependent aberrant DNA damage responses. EMBO J 2014; 33:1698-712. [PMID: 24966277 PMCID: PMC4194102 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several proteins in the BRCA-Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, such as FANCJ, BRCA1, and FANCD2, interact with mismatch repair (MMR) pathway factors, but the significance of this link remains unknown. Unlike the BRCA-FA pathway, the MMR pathway is not essential for cells to survive toxic DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), although MMR proteins bind ICLs and other DNA structures that form at stalled replication forks. We hypothesized that MMR proteins corrupt ICL repair in cells that lack crosstalk between BRCA-FA and MMR pathways. Here, we show that ICL sensitivity of cells lacking the interaction between FANCJ and the MMR protein MLH1 is suppressed by depletion of the upstream mismatch recognition factor MSH2. MSH2 depletion suppresses an aberrant DNA damage response, restores cell cycle progression, and promotes ICL resistance through a Rad18-dependent mechanism. MSH2 depletion also suppresses ICL sensitivity in cells deficient for BRCA1 or FANCD2, but not FANCA. Rescue by Msh2 loss was confirmed in Fancd2-null primary mouse cells. Thus, we propose that regulation of MSH2-dependent DNA damage response underlies the importance of interactions between BRCA-FA and MMR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Xie
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anna Ucher
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Janet Stavnezer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Women's Cancers Program, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Karttunen H, Savas JN, McKinney C, Chen YH, Yates JR, Hukkanen V, Huang TT, Mohr I. Co-opting the Fanconi anemia genomic stability pathway enables herpesvirus DNA synthesis and productive growth. Mol Cell 2014; 55:111-22. [PMID: 24954902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage associated with viral DNA synthesis can result in double-strand breaks that threaten genome integrity and must be repaired. Here, we establish that the cellular Fanconi anemia (FA) genomic stability pathway is exploited by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to promote viral DNA synthesis and enable its productive growth. Potent FA pathway activation in HSV-1-infected cells resulted in monoubiquitination of FA effector proteins FANCI and FANCD2 (FANCI-D2) and required the viral DNA polymerase. FANCD2 relocalized to viral replication compartments, and FANCI-D2 interacted with a multisubunit complex containing the virus-encoded single-stranded DNA-binding protein ICP8. Significantly, whereas HSV-1 productive growth was impaired in monoubiquitination-defective FA cells, this restriction was partially surmounted by antagonizing the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a critical enzyme required for nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). This identifies the FA-pathway as a cellular factor required for herpesvirus productive growth and suggests that FA-mediated suppression of NHEJ is a fundamental step in the viral life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Karttunen
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caleb McKinney
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Veijo Hukkanen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ian Mohr
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Sokratous K, Hadjisavvas A, Diamandis EP, Kyriacou K. The role of ubiquitin-binding domains in human pathophysiology. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:280-90. [PMID: 24901807 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.915287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a fundamental post-translational modification (PTM) resulting in the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to a target protein, is currently implicated in several key cellular processes. Although ubiquitination was initially associated with protein degradation, it is becoming increasingly evident that proteins labeled with polyUb chains of specific topology and length are activated in an ever-expanding repertoire of specific cellular processes. In addition to their involvement in the classical protein degradation pathways they are involved in DNA repair, kinase regulation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. The sorting and processing of distinct Ub signals is mediated by small protein motifs, known as Ub-binding domains (UBDs), which are found in proteins that execute disparate biological functions. The involvement of UBDs in several biological pathways has been revealed by several studies which have highlighted the vital role of UBDs in cellular homeostasis. Importantly, functional impairment of UBDs in key regulatory pathways has been related to the development of pathophysiological conditions, including immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we present an up-to-date account of the crucial role of UBDs and their functions, with a special emphasis on their functional impairment in key biological pathways and the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The still under-investigated topic of Ub-UBD interactions as a target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against many diseases is also discussed.
Collapse
|
223
|
Alcantara D, O'Driscoll M. Congenital microcephaly. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 166C:124-39. [PMID: 24816482 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The underlying etiologies of genetic congenital microcephaly are complex and multifactorial. Recently, with the exponential growth in the identification and characterization of novel genetic causes of congenital microcephaly, there has been a consolidation and emergence of certain themes concerning underlying pathomechanisms. These include abnormal mitotic microtubule spindle structure, numerical and structural abnormalities of the centrosome, altered cilia function, impaired DNA repair, DNA Damage Response signaling and DNA replication, along with attenuated cell cycle checkpoint proficiency. Many of these processes are highly interconnected. Interestingly, a defect in a gene whose encoded protein has a canonical function in one of these processes can often have multiple impacts at the cellular level involving several of these pathways. Here, we overview the key pathomechanistic themes underlying profound congenital microcephaly, and emphasize their interconnected nature.
Collapse
|
224
|
Bhatia V, Barroso SI, García-Rubio ML, Tumini E, Herrera-Moyano E, Aguilera A. BRCA2 prevents R-loop accumulation and associates with TREX-2 mRNA export factor PCID2. Nature 2014; 511:362-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
225
|
Wang Z, Huang Y, Zhang J. Molecularly targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:233-42. [PMID: 24728800 PMCID: PMC6275747 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA are the current major non-surgical means of treating cancer. However, many patients develop resistances to chemotherapy drugs in their later lives. The PI3K and Ras signaling pathways are deregulated in most cancers, so molecularly targeting PI3K-Akt or Ras-MAPK signaling sensitizes many cancer types to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be determined. During the multi-step processes of tumorigenesis, cancer cells gain the capability to disrupt the cell cycle checkpoint and increase the activity of CDK4/6 by disrupting the PI3K, Ras, p53, and Rb signaling circuits. Recent advances have demonstrated that PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling controls FANCD2 and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). FANCD2 plays an important role in the resistance of cells to DNA damage agents and the activation of DNA damage checkpoints, while RNR is critical for the completion of DNA replication and repair in response to DNA damage and replication stress. Regulation of FANCD2 and RNR suggests that cancer cells depend on PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling for survival in response to DNA damage, indicating that the PI3K-AktmTOR pathway promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by enhancing DNA damage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yujung Huang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Dangel NJ, Knoll A, Puchta H. MHF1 plays Fanconi anaemia complementation group M protein (FANCM)-dependent and FANCM-independent roles in DNA repair and homologous recombination in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:822-833. [PMID: 24635147 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia complementation group M protein (FANCM), a component of the human Fanconi anemia pathway, acts as DNA translocase that is essential during the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. The DNA-damage-binding function of FANCM is strongly enhanced by the histone fold-containing FANCM-associated protein MHF1. We identified a single homologue of MHF1 in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Similar to the loss of AtFANCM, the loss of AtMHF1 leads to several meiotic defects, such as chromosome bridges between bivalents and an unequal distribution of chromosomes. Moreover, MHF1, together with FANCM, is involved in interstrand cross-link repair in plants. This phenotype is detectable only in double mutants of the RecQ helicase and BLM homologue RECQ4A, which appears to function in a parallel pathway to the FANCM/MHF1 complex. However, in somatic cells, FANCM has an MHF1-independent function in replicative repair in a parallel pathway to the endonuclease MUS81. Furthermore, MHF1 is required for efficient somatic homologous recombination (HR) - a role antagonistic to FANCM. FANCM and RECQ4A define two parallel pathways of HR suppression in Arabidopsis. Hyperrecombination in the fancm but not the recq4A mutant can be abolished by MHF1 mutations. This finding indicates that MHF1 and FANCM act at different steps of a single, common, HR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Dangel
- Botanical Institute II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
The transcriptomes of the crucian carp complex (Carassius auratus) provide insights into the distinction between unisexual triploids and sexual diploids. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9386-406. [PMID: 24871367 PMCID: PMC4100101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both sexual reproduction and unisexual reproduction are adaptive strategies for species survival and evolution. Unisexual animals have originated largely by hybridization, which tends to elevate their heterozygosity. However, the extent of genetic diversity resulting from hybridization and the genomic differences that determine the type of reproduction are poorly understood. In Carassius auratus, sexual diploids and unisexual triploids coexist. These two forms are similar morphologically but differ markedly in their modes of reproduction. Investigation of their genomic differences will be useful to study genome diversity and the development of reproductive mode. We generated transcriptomes for the unisexual and sexual populations. Genes were identified using homology searches and an ab initio method. Estimation of the synonymous substitution rate in the orthologous pairs indicated that the hybridization of gibel carp occurred 2.2 million years ago. Microsatellite genotyping in each individual from the gibel carp population indicated that most gibel carp genes were not tri-allelic. Molecular function and pathway comparisons suggested few gene expansions between them, except for the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway, which is enriched in gibel carp. Differential expression analysis identified highly expressed genes in gibel carp. The transcriptomes provide information on genetic diversity and genomic differences, which should assist future studies in functional genomics.
Collapse
|
228
|
Chang L, Yuan W, Zeng H, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhou J, Li M, Wang X, Xu M, Yang F, Yang Y, Cheng T, Zhu X. Whole exome sequencing reveals concomitant mutations of multiple FA genes in individual Fanconi anemia patients. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:24. [PMID: 24885126 PMCID: PMC4038598 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited genetic syndrome with highly variable clinical manifestations. Fifteen genetic subtypes of FA have been identified. Traditional complementation tests for grouping studies have been used generally in FA patients and in stepwise methods to identify the FA type, which can result in incomplete genetic information from FA patients. METHODS We diagnosed five pediatric patients with FA based on clinical manifestations, and we performed exome sequencing of peripheral blood specimens from these patients and their family members. The related sequencing data were then analyzed by bioinformatics, and the FANC gene mutations identified by exome sequencing were confirmed by PCR re-sequencing. RESULTS Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations of FANC genes were identified in all of the patients. The FA subtypes of the patients included FANCA, FANCM and FANCD2. Interestingly, four FA patients harbored multiple mutations in at least two FA genes, and some of these mutations have not been previously reported. These patients' clinical manifestations were vastly different from each other, as were their treatment responses to androstanazol and prednisone. This finding suggests that heterozygous mutation(s) in FA genes could also have diverse biological and/or pathophysiological effects on FA patients or FA gene carriers. Interestingly, we were not able to identify de novo mutations in the genes implicated in DNA repair pathways when the sequencing data of patients were compared with those of their parents. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Chinese FA patients and carriers might have higher and more complex mutation rates in FANC genes than have been conventionally recognized. Testing of the fifteen FANC genes in FA patients and their family members should be a regular clinical practice to determine the optimal care for the individual patient, to counsel the family and to obtain a better understanding of FA pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
229
|
Li J, Pang Q. Oxidative stress-associated protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in Fanconi anemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2290-301. [PMID: 24206276 PMCID: PMC3995293 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder featuring chromosomal instability, developmental defects, progressive bone marrow failure, and predisposition to cancer. Besides the predominant role in DNA damage response and/or repair, many studies have linked FA proteins to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, defined as imbalance in pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis, has been considered to contribute to disease development, including FA. RECENT ADVANCES A variety of signaling pathways may be influenced by oxidative stress, particularly the equilibrium between protein kinases and phosphatases, consequently leading to an aberrant phosphorylation state of cellular proteins. Dysfunction of kinases/phosphatases has been implicated in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In FA, evidence is emerging that links abnormal phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation of signaling molecules to clinical complications and malformations. CRITICAL ISSUES In this study, we review the recent findings on the oxidative stress-related kinases and phosphatases, particularly tyrosine phosphatases in FA. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the role of oxidative stress-related kinases and phosphatases in FA may provide unique and generic possibilities for the future development of therapeutic strategies by targeting the dysregulated protein kinases and phosphatases in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- 1 Division of Neurosurgery, Center for Theoretic and Applied Neuro-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Lachaud C, Castor D, Hain K, Muñoz I, Wilson J, MacArtney TJ, Schindler D, Rouse J. Distinct functional roles for the two SLX4 ubiquitin-binding UBZ domains mutated in Fanconi anemia. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2811-7. [PMID: 24794496 PMCID: PMC4075355 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in SLX4, a scaffold for DNA repair nucleases, result in Fanconi anemia (FA), due to the defective repair of inter-strand DNA crosslinks (ICLs). Some FA patients have an SLX4 deletion removing two tandem UBZ4-type ubiquitin-binding domains that are implicated in protein recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Here, we show that human SLX4 is recruited to sites of ICL induction but that the UBZ-deleted form of SLX4 in cells from FA patients is not. SLX4 recruitment does not require either the ubiquitylation of FANCD2 or the E3 ligases RNF8, RAD18 and BRCA1. We show that the first (UBZ-1) but not the second UBZ domain of SLX4 binds to ubiquitin polymers, with a preference for K63-linked chains. Furthermore, UBZ-1 is required for SLX4 recruitment to ICL sites and for efficient ICL repair in murine fibroblasts. The SLX4 UBZ-2 domain does not bind to ubiquitin in vitro or contribute to ICL repair, but it is required for the resolution of Holliday junctions in vivo. These data shed light on SLX4 recruitment, and they point to the existence of currently unidentified ubiquitylated ligands and E3 ligases that are crucial for ICL repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Lachaud
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Dennis Castor
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Karolina Hain
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ivan Muñoz
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jamie Wilson
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas J MacArtney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Biozentrum, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - John Rouse
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Murina O, von Aesch C, Karakus U, Ferretti LP, Bolck HA, Hänggi K, Sartori AA. FANCD2 and CtIP cooperate to repair DNA interstrand crosslinks. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1030-8. [PMID: 24794434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) requires a complex interplay between several processes of DNA metabolism, including the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and homologous recombination (HR). FANCD2 monoubiquitination and CtIP-dependent DNA-end resection represent key events in FA and HR activation, respectively, but very little is known about their functional relationship. Here, we show that CtIP physically interacts with both FANCD2 and ubiquitin and that monoubiquitinated FANCD2 tethers CtIP to damaged chromatin, which helps channel DNA double-strand breaks generated during ICL processing into the HR pathway. Consequently, CtIP mutants defective in FANCD2 binding fail to associate with damaged chromatin, which leads to increased levels of nonhomologous end-joining activity and ICL hypersensitivity. Interestingly, we also observe that CtIP depletion aggravates the genomic instability in FANCD2-deficient cells. Thus, our data indicate that FANCD2 primes CtIP-dependent resection during HR after ICL induction but that CtIP helps prevent illegitimate recombination in FA cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Murina
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine von Aesch
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ufuk Karakus
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza P Ferretti
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hella A Bolck
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Mukherjee S, Guainazzi A, Schärer OD. Synthesis of structurally diverse major groove DNA interstrand crosslinks using three different aldehyde precursors. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:7429-35. [PMID: 24782532 PMCID: PMC4066762 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are extremely cytotoxic lesions that block essential cellular processes, such as replication and transcription. Crosslinking agents are widely used in cancer chemotherapy and form an array of structurally diverse ICLs. Despite the clinical success of these agents, resistance of tumors to crosslinking agents, for example, through repair of these lesions by the cellular machinery remains a problem. We have previously reported the synthesis of site-specific ICLs mimicking those formed by nitrogen mustards to facilitate the studies of cellular responses to ICL formation. Here we extend these efforts and report the synthesis of structurally diverse major groove ICLs that induce severe, little or no distortion in the DNA. Our approach employs the incorporation of aldehyde precursors of different lengths into complementary strands and ICL formation using a double reductive amination with a variety of amines. Our studies provide insight into the structure and reactivity parameters of ICL formation by double reductive amination and yield a set of diverse ICLs that will be invaluable for exploring structure–activity relationships in ICL repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Angelo Guainazzi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Rio P, Baños R, Lombardo A, Quintana-Bustamante O, Alvarez L, Garate Z, Genovese P, Almarza E, Valeri A, Díez B, Navarro S, Torres Y, Trujillo JP, Murillas R, Segovia JC, Samper E, Surralles J, Gregory PD, Holmes MC, Naldini L, Bueren JA. Targeted gene therapy and cell reprogramming in Fanconi anemia. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:835-48. [PMID: 24859981 PMCID: PMC4203359 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting is progressively becoming a realistic therapeutic alternative in clinics. It is unknown, however, whether this technology will be suitable for the treatment of DNA repair deficiency syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA), with defects in homology-directed DNA repair. In this study, we used zinc finger nucleases and integrase-defective lentiviral vectors to demonstrate for the first time that FANCA can be efficiently and specifically targeted into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in fibroblasts from FA-A patients. Strikingly, up to 40% of FA fibroblasts showed gene targeting 42 days after gene editing. Given the low number of hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow of FA patients, gene-edited FA fibroblasts were then reprogrammed and re-differentiated toward the hematopoietic lineage. Analyses of gene-edited FA-iPSCs confirmed the specific integration of FANCA in the AAVS1 locus in all tested clones. Moreover, the hematopoietic differentiation of these iPSCs efficiently generated disease-free hematopoietic progenitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of a DNA repair deficiency syndrome using gene-targeting and cell reprogramming strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rio
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Baños
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Quintana-Bustamante
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Alvarez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zita Garate
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pietro Genovese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Almarza
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valeri
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Díez
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan P Trujillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain Universidad Autónoma Barcelona/CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose C Segovia
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Takata KI, Reh S, Tomida J, Person MD, Wood RD. Human DNA helicase HELQ participates in DNA interstrand crosslink tolerance with ATR and RAD51 paralogs. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2338. [PMID: 24005565 PMCID: PMC3778836 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian HELQ is a 3′–5′ DNA helicase with strand displacement activity. Here we show that HELQ participates in a pathway of resistance to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Genetic disruption of HELQ in human cells enhances cellular sensitivity and chromosome radial formation by the ICL-inducing agent mitomycin C (MMC). A significant fraction of MMC sensitivity is independent of the Fanconi anaemia pathway. Sister chromatid exchange frequency and sensitivity to UV radiation or topoisomerase inhibitors is unaltered. Proteomic analysis reveals that HELQ is associated with the RAD51 paralogs RAD51B/C/D and XRCC2, and with the DNA damage-responsive kinase ATR. After treatment with MMC, reduced phosphorylation of the ATR substrate CHK1 occurs in HELQ-knockout cells, and accumulation of G2/M cells is reduced. The results indicate that HELQ operates in an arm of DNA repair and signalling in response to ICL. Further, the association with RAD51 paralogs suggests HELQ as a candidate ovarian cancer gene. Agents that cause DNA interstrand crosslinks are widely used to treat cancer. Takata et al. show that the DNA helicase HELQ associates with ATR and RAD51 paralogs, which are components of DNA repair pathways, and helps defend human cells against agents that induce DNA interstrand crosslinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichi Takata
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
235
|
MacKay C, Carroll E, Ibrahim AFM, Garg A, Inman GJ, Hay RT, Alpi AF. E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP attenuates apoptotic cell death induced by cisplatin. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2246-2257. [PMID: 24686174 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxin cisplatin is commonly used in chemotherapy to treat solid tumors, yet our understanding of the mechanism underlying the drug response is limited. In a focused siRNA screen, using an siRNA library targeting genes involved in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like signaling, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP as a key regulator of cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. HOIP forms, with SHARPIN and HOIL-1L, the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC). We show that cells deficient in the HOIP ligase complex exhibit hypersensitivity to cisplatin. This is due to a dramatic increase in caspase-8/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis that is strictly dependent on ATM-, but not ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint activation. Moreover, basal and cisplatin-induced activity of the stress response kinase JNK is enhanced in HOIP-depleted cells and, conversely, JNK inhibition can increase cellular resistance to cisplatin and reverse the apoptotic hyperactivation in HOIP-depleted cells. Furthermore, we show that HOIP depletion sensitizes cancer cells, derived from carcinomas of various origins, through an enhanced apoptotic cell death response. We also provide evidence that ovarian cancer cells classified as cisplatin-resistant can regain sensitivity following HOIP downregulation. Cumulatively, our study identifies a HOIP-regulated antiapoptotic signaling pathway, and we envisage HOIP as a potential target for the development of combinatorial chemotherapies to potentiate the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig MacKay
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Eilís Carroll
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Adel F M Ibrahim
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Amit Garg
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Arno F Alpi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
Collapse
|
237
|
Pan Y, Yang H, Claret FX. Emerging roles of Jab1/CSN5 in DNA damage response, DNA repair, and cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:256-62. [PMID: 24495954 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.27823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Jab1/CSN5 is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in integrin signaling, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the regulation of genomic instability and DNA repair. Dysregulation of Jab1/CSN5 activity has been shown to contribute to oncogenesis by functionally inactivating several key negative regulatory proteins and tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the relationship between Jab1/CSN5 and DNA damage and summarize recent findings regarding opportunities for and challenges to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Pan
- Department of Systems Biology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Department of Pathophysiology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Breast Tumor Center; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology; Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Experimental Therapeutic Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Buisson R, Niraj J, Pauty J, Maity R, Zhao W, Coulombe Y, Sung P, Masson JY. Breast cancer proteins PALB2 and BRCA2 stimulate polymerase η in recombination-associated DNA synthesis at blocked replication forks. Cell Rep 2014; 6:553-64. [PMID: 24485656 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One envisioned function of homologous recombination (HR) is to find a template for DNA synthesis from the resected 3'-OH molecules that occur during double-strand break (DSB) repair at collapsed replication forks. However, the interplay between DNA synthesis and HR remains poorly understood in higher eukaryotic cells. Here, we reveal functions for the breast cancer proteins BRCA2 and PALB2 at blocked replication forks and show a role for these proteins in stimulating polymerase η (Polη) to initiate DNA synthesis. PALB2, BRCA2, and Polη colocalize at stalled or collapsed replication forks after hydroxyurea treatment. Moreover, PALB2 and BRCA2 interact with Polη and are required to sustain the recruitment of Polη at blocked replication forks. PALB2 and BRCA2 stimulate Polη-dependent DNA synthesis on D loop substrates. We conclude that PALB2 and BRCA2, in addition to their functions in D loop formation, play crucial roles in the initiation of recombination-associated DNA synthesis by Polη-mediated DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Buisson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joshi Niraj
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joris Pauty
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ranjan Maity
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Yan Coulombe
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Sung
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Abstract
The ubiquitin system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses. This system includes a large family of E3 ubiquitin ligases of over 700 proteins and about 100 deubiquitinating enzymes, with the majority of their biological functions remaining unknown. Over the last decade, through a combination of genetic, biochemical, and molecular approaches, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of how the process of protein ubiquitination and its reversal deubiquitination controls the basic aspect of the immune system including lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and tolerance induction and regulates the pathophysiological abnormalities such as autoimmunity, allergy, and malignant formation. In this review, we selected some of the published literature to discuss the roles of protein-ubiquitin conjugation and deubiquitination in T-cell activation and anergy, regulatory T-cell and T-helper cell differentiation, regulation of NF-κB signaling, and hematopoiesis in both normal and dysregulated conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the ubiquitin system and immunity will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of immune regulation and at the same time will advance new therapeutic intervention for human immunological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Park
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hyung-seung Jin
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daisuke Aki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeeho Lee
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Khalaj M, Abbasi A, Yamanishi H, Akiyama K, Wakitani S, Kikuchi S, Hirose M, Yuzuriha M, Magari M, Degheidy HA, Abe K, Ogura A, Hashimoto H, Kunieda T. A missense mutation in Rev7 disrupts formation of Polζ, impairing mouse development and repair of genotoxic agent-induced DNA lesions. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3811-24. [PMID: 24356953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repro22 is a mutant mouse produced via N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutagenesis that shows sterility with germ cell depletion caused by defective proliferation of primordial germ cells, decreased body weight, and partial lethality during embryonic development. Using a positional cloning strategy, we identified a missense mutation in Rev7/Mad2l2 (Rev7(C70R)) and confirmed that the mutation is the cause of the defects in repro22 mice through transgenic rescue with normal Rev7. Rev7/Mad2l2 encodes a subunit of DNA polymerase ζ (Polζ), 1 of 10 translesion DNA synthesis polymerases known in mammals. The mutant REV7 did not interact with REV3, the catalytic subunit of Polζ. Rev7(C70R/C70R) cells showed decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and arrest in S phase with extensive γH2AX foci in nuclei that indicated accumulation of DNA damage after treatment with the genotoxic agent mitomycin C. The Rev7(C70R) mutation does not affect the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. These results demonstrated that Rev7 is essential in resolving the replication stalls caused by DNA damage during S phase. We concluded that Rev7 is required for primordial germ cell proliferation and embryonic viability and development through the translesion DNA synthesis activity of Polζ preserving DNA integrity during cell proliferation, which is required in highly proliferating embryonic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khalaj
- From the Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Boisvert RA, Rego MA, Azzinaro PA, Mauro M, Howlett NG. Coordinate nuclear targeting of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins via a FANCD2 nuclear localization signal. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81387. [PMID: 24278431 PMCID: PMC3836817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disease, characterized by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, and increased cancer susceptibility. FA is caused by biallelic mutation of any one of sixteen genes. The protein products of these genes function cooperatively in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). A central step in the activation of this pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins. Monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and FANCI localize to discrete chromatin regions where they function in ICL repair. Despite their critical role in ICL repair, very little is known about the structure, function, and regulation of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins, or how they are targeted to the nucleus and chromatin. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of an amino-terminal FANCD2 nuclear localization signal (NLS). We demonstrate that the amino terminal 58 amino acids of FANCD2 can promote the nuclear expression of GFP and is necessary for the nuclear localization of FANCD2. Importantly, mutation of this FANCD2 NLS reveals that intact FANCD2 is required for the nuclear localization of a subset of FANCI. In addition, the NLS is necessary for the efficient monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI and, consequently, for their localization to chromatin. As a result, FANCD2 NLS mutants fail to rescue the ICL sensitivity of FA-D2 patient cells. Our studies yield important insight into the domain structure of the poorly characterized FANCD2 protein, and reveal a previously unknown mechanism for the coordinate nuclear import of a subset of FANCD2 and FANCI, a key early step in the cellular ICL response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Boisvert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Fagerholm R, Sprott K, Heikkinen T, Bartkova J, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Bartek J, Weaver D, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. Overabundant FANCD2, alone and combined with NQO1, is a sensitive marker of adverse prognosis in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2780-5. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
243
|
Wu ZH, Shi Y. When ubiquitin meets NF-κB: a trove for anti-cancer drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3263-75. [PMID: 23151140 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, the studies on ubiquitination in regulating transcription factor NF-κB activation have elucidated the expanding role of ubiquitination in modulating cellular events by non-proteolytic mechanisms, as well as by proteasomal degradation. The significance of ubiquitination has also been recognized in regulating gene transcription, epigenetic modifications, kinase activation, DNA repair and subcellular translocation. This progress has been translated into novel strategies for developing anti-cancer therapeutics, exemplified by the success of the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor drug Bortezomib. Here we discuss the current understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and how it is involved in regulating NF-κB signaling pathways in response to a variety of stimuli. We also focus on the recent progress of anti-cancer drug development targeting various steps of ubiquitination process, and the potential of these drugs in cancer treatment as related to their impact on NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Adult Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S. Manassas St., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Edwards TG, Vidmar TJ, Koeller K, Bashkin JK, Fisher C. DNA damage repair genes controlling human papillomavirus (HPV) episome levels under conditions of stability and extreme instability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75406. [PMID: 24098381 PMCID: PMC3788802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) genes and pathways controlling the stability of HPV episomal DNA are reported here. We set out to understand the mechanism by which a DNA-binding, N-methylpyrrole-imidazole hairpin polyamide (PA25) acts to cause the dramatic loss of HPV DNA from cells. Southern blots revealed that PA25 alters HPV episomes within 5 hours of treatment. Gene expression arrays identified numerous DDR genes that were specifically altered in HPV16 episome-containing cells (W12E) by PA25, but not in HPV-negative (C33A) cells or in cells with integrated HPV16 (SiHa). A siRNA screen of 240 DDR genes was then conducted to identify enhancers and repressors of PA25 activity. Serendipitously, the screen also identified many novel genes, such as TDP1 and TDP2, regulating normal HPV episome stability. MRN and 9-1-1 complexes emerged as important for PA25-mediated episome destruction and were selected for follow-up studies. Mre11, along with other homologous recombination and dsDNA break repair genes, was among the highly significant PA25 repressors. The Mre11 inhibitor Mirin was found to sensitize HPV episomes to PA25 resulting in a ∼5-fold reduction of the PA25 IC50. A novel assay that couples end-labeling of DNA to Q-PCR showed that PA25 causes strand breaks within HPV DNA, and that Mirin greatly enhances this activity. The 9-1-1 complex member Rad9, a representative PA25 enhancer, was transiently phosphorylated in response to PA25 treatment suggesting that it has a role in detecting and signaling episome damage by PA25 to the cell. These results establish that DNA-targeted compounds enter cells and specifically target the HPV episome. This action leads to the activation of numerous DDR pathways and the massive elimination of episomal DNA from cells. Our findings demonstrate that viral episomes can be targeted for elimination from cells by minor groove binding agents, and implicate DDR pathways as important mediators of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Vidmar
- BioStat Consultants, Portage, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin Koeller
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James K. Bashkin
- NanoVir, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chris Fisher
- NanoVir, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Yu J, Zhao L, Li Y, Li N, He M, Bai X, Yu Z, Zheng Z, Mi X, Wang E, Wei M. Silencing of fanconi anemia complementation group f exhibits potent chemosensitization of mitomycin C activity in breast cancer cells. J Breast Cancer 2013; 16:291-9. [PMID: 24155758 PMCID: PMC3800725 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2013.16.3.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia complementation group F (FANCF) is a key factor to maintaining the function of Fanconi anaemia/BRCA (FA/BRCA) pathway, a DNA-damage response pathway. However, the functional role of FANCF in breast cancer has not been elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the chemosensitization effect of FANCF in breast cancer cells. METHODS We performed specific knockdown of the endogenous FANCF in breast cancer cells by transfecting the cells with an FANCF short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector. Cell viability was measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8, and DNA damage was assessed with the alkaline comet assay. The apoptosis, cell cycle, and drug accumulation were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis, using specific antibodies. RESULTS The analyses of two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435S) demonstrated that the FANCF shRNA could effectively block the FA/BRCA pathway through the inhibition of Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 ubiquitination. Moreover, FANCF silencing potentiated the sensitivity of cells to mitomycin C (MMC), where combined FANCF shRNA/MMC treatment inhibited cell proliferation, induced S-phase arrest, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, compared with MMC treatment alone. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study demonstrates that the inhibition of FANCF by its shRNA leads to a synergistic enhancement of MMC cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of the FA/BRCA pathway is a useful adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
High incidence of HPV-associated head and neck cancers in FA deficient mice is associated with E7's induction of DNA damage through its inactivation of pocket proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75056. [PMID: 24086435 PMCID: PMC3781031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients are highly susceptible to solid tumors at multiple anatomical sites including head and neck region. A subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs) is associated with 'high-risk' HPVs, particularly HPV16. However, the correlation between HPV oncogenes and cancers in FA patients is still unclear. We previously learned that FA deficiency in mice predisposes HPV16 E7 transgenic mice to HNCs. To address HPV16 E6's oncogenic potential under FA deficiency in HNCs, we utilized HPV16 E6-transgenic mice (K14E6) and HPV16 E6/E7-bi-transgenic mice (K14E6E7) on genetic backgrounds sufficient or deficient for one of the fanc genes, fancD2 and monitored their susceptibility to HNCs. K14E6 mice failed to develop tumor. However, E6 and fancD2-deficiency accelerated E7-driven tumor development in K14E6E7 mice. The increased tumor incidence was more correlated with E7-driven DNA damage than proliferation. We also found that deficiency of pocket proteins, pRb, p107, and p130 that are well-established targets of E7, could recapitulate E7's induction of DNA damage. Our findings support the hypothesis that E7 induces HPV-associated HNCs by promoting DNA damage through the inactivation of pocket proteins, which explains why a deficiency in DNA damage repair would increase susceptibility to E7-driven cancer. Our results further demonstrate the unexpected finding that FA deficiency does not predispose E6 transgenic mice to HNCs, indicating a specificity in the synergy between FA deficiency and HPV oncogenes in causing HNCs.
Collapse
|
247
|
Yang H, Zhang T, Tao Y, Wang F, Tong L, Ding J. Structural insights into the functions of the FANCM-FAAP24 complex in DNA repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:10573-83. [PMID: 24003026 PMCID: PMC3905867 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with deficiencies in the FA complementation group network. FA complementation group M (FANCM) and FA-associated protein 24 kDa (FAAP24) form a stable complex to anchor the FA core complex to chromatin in repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the C-terminal segment of FANCM in complex with FAAP24. The C-terminal segment of FANCM and FAAP24 both consist of a nuclease domain at the N-terminus and a tandem helix-hairpin-helix (HhH)2 domain at the C-terminus. The FANCM-FAAP24 complex exhibits a similar architecture as that of ApXPF. However, the variations of several key residues and the electrostatic property at the active-site region render a catalytically inactive nuclease domain of FANCM, accounting for the lack of nuclease activity. We also show that the first HhH motif of FAAP24 is a potential binding site for DNA, which plays a critical role in targeting FANCM-FAAP24 to chromatin. These results reveal the mechanistic insights into the functions of FANCM-FAAP24 in DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Wang Y, Han X, Wu F, Leung JW, Lowery MG, Do H, Chen J, Shi C, Tian C, Li L, Gong W. Structure analysis of FAAP24 reveals single-stranded DNA-binding activity and domain functions in DNA damage response. Cell Res 2013; 23:1215-28. [PMID: 23999858 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The FANCM/FAAP24 heterodimer has distinct functions in protecting cells from complex DNA lesions such as interstrand crosslinks. These functions rely on the biochemical activity of FANCM/FAAP24 to recognize and bind to damaged DNA or stalled replication forks. However, the DNA-binding activity of this complex was not clearly defined. We investigated how FAAP24 contributes to the DNA-interacting functions of the FANCM/FAAP24 complex by acquiring the N-terminal and C-terminal solution structures of human FAAP24. Modeling of the FAAP24 structure indicates that FAAP24 may possess a high affinity toward single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Testing of various FAAP24 mutations in vitro and in vivo validated this prediction derived from structural analyses. We found that the DNA-binding and FANCM-interacting functions of FAAP24, although both require the C-terminal (HhH)2 domain, can be distinguished by segregation-of-function mutations. These results demonstrate dual roles of FAAP24 in DNA damage response against crosslinking lesions, one through the formation of FANCM/FAAP24 heterodimer and the other via its ssDNA-binding activity required in optimized checkpoint activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Hu L, Huang W, Hjort E, Eklund EA. Increased Fanconi C expression contributes to the emergency granulopoiesis response. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3952-66. [PMID: 23925293 DOI: 10.1172/jci69032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis is a component of the innate immune response that is induced in response to infectious or inflammatory challenge. It is characterized by the rapid expansion and differentiation of granulocyte/monocyte progenitor (GMP) populations, which is due in part to a shortened S-phase of the cell cycle. We found that IRF8 (also known as ICSBP), an interferon regulatory transcription factor that activates phagocyte effector genes during the innate immune response, activates the gene encoding Fanconi C (Fancc) in murine myeloid progenitor cells. Moreover, IRF8-induced Fancc transcription was augmented by treatment with IL-1β, an essential cytokine for emergency granulopoiesis. The Fanconi pathway participates in repair of stalled or collapsed replication forks during DNA replication, leading us to hypothesize that the Fanconi pathway contributes to genomic stability during emergency granulopoiesis. In support of this hypothesis, Fancc(-/-) mice developed anemia and neutropenia during repeated, failed episodes of emergency granulopoiesis. Failed emergency granulopoiesis in Fancc(-/-) mice was associated with excess apoptosis of HSCs and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and impaired HSC function. These studies have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia and suggest possible therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
250
|
Abstract
Genomes are transmitted faithfully from dividing cells to their offspring. Changes that occur during DNA repair, chromosome duplication, and transmission or via recombination provide a natural source of genetic variation. They occur at low frequency because of the intrinsic variable nature of genomes, which we refer to as genome instability. However, genome instability can be enhanced by exposure to external genotoxic agents or as the result of cellular pathologies. We review the causes of genome instability as well as how it results in hyper-recombination, genome rearrangements, and chromosome fragmentation and loss, which are mainly mediated by double-strand breaks or single-strand gaps. Such events are primarily associated with defects in DNA replication and the DNA damage response, and show high incidence at repetitive DNA, non-B DNA structures, DNA-protein barriers, and highly transcribed regions. Identifying the causes of genome instability is crucial to understanding genome dynamics during cell proliferation and its role in cancer, aging, and a number of rare genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|