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Lavudi K, Banerjee A, Li N, Yang Y, Cai S, Bai X, Zhang X, Li A, Wani E, Yang SM, Zhang J, Rai G, Backes F, Patnaik S, Guo P, Wang QE. ALDH1A1 promotes PARP inhibitor resistance by enhancing retinoic acid receptor-mediated DNA polymerase θ expression. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:66. [PMID: 37429899 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for both frontline and recurrent setting in ovarian cancer with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency. However, more than 40% of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian cancer lack the initial response to PARPi treatment, and the majority of those that initially respond eventually develop resistance. Our previous study has demonstrated that increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) contributes to PARPi resistance in BRCA2-mutated ovarian cancer cells by enhancing microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we find that ALDH1A1 enhances the expression of DNA polymerase θ (Polθ, encoded by the POLQ gene) in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the retinoic acid (RA) pathway is involved in the transcription activation of the POLQ gene. The RA receptor (RAR) can bind to the retinoic acid response element (RARE) located in the promoter of the POLQ gene, promoting transcription activation-related histone modification in the presence of RA. Given that ALDH1A1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of RA, we conclude that ALDH1A1 promotes POLQ expression via the activation of the RA signaling pathway. Finally, using a clinically-relevant patient-derived organoid (PDO) model, we find that ALDH1A1 inhibition by the pharmacological inhibitor NCT-505 in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib synergistically reduce the cell viability of PDOs carrying BRCA1/2 mutation and positive ALDH1A1 expression. In summary, our study elucidates a new mechanism contributing to PARPi resistance in HR-deficient ovarian cancer and shows the therapeutic potential of combining PARPi and ALDH1A1 inhibition in treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Lavudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ananya Banerjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yajing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shurui Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xuetao Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aidan Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elsa Wani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Floor Backes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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202
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Jesus M, Cabral A, Monteiro C, Duarte AP, Morgado M. Peripheral Neuropathy Potentially Associated to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: An Analysis of the Eudravigilance Database. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6533-6545. [PMID: 37504339 PMCID: PMC10378010 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a targeted therapy in cancer treatment with promising results in various types of cancer. This work aims to investigate the profile of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with PARPi through the reports provided by the Eudravigilance (EV) database. We also intend to analyze the potential association of peripheral neuropathy to PARPi. Data on individual case safety reports (ICSRs) were obtained by accessing the European spontaneous reporting system via the EV website. A total of 12,762 ICSRs were collected from the EV database. Serious cases of nervous system disorders were analyzed providing strong evidence that peripheral neuropathy was reported in a higher frequency in patients treated with niraparib. Most cases reported a not recovered/not resolved outcome and involved drug withdrawal. However, several studies suggest that PARPi attenuate chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy. Unexpected ADRs such as peripheral neuropathy may also occur, mostly in patients taking niraparib. Further pharmacovigilance studies should be conducted in this area to clarify with more precision the toxicity profile of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Jesus
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Cabral
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Pharmaceutical Services of Local Healthcare Unit of Guarda, 6300-749 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- UFBI-Pharmacovigilance Unit of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- UFBI-Pharmacovigilance Unit of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Manuel Morgado
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Beira Interior (FCS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Pharmaceutical Services of University Hospital Center of Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
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203
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Yu X, Zhu L, Wang T, Li L, Liu J, Che G, Zhou Q. Enhancing the anti-tumor response by combining DNA damage repair inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188910. [PMID: 37172653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer efficacy of anti-malignancy therapies is related to DNA damage. However, DNA damage-response mechanisms can repair DNA damage, failing anti-tumor therapy. The resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy remains a clinical challenge. Thus, new strategies to overcome these therapeutic resistance mechanisms are needed. DNA damage repair inhibitors (DDRis) continue to be investigated, with polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors being the most studied inhibitors. Evidence of their clinical benefits and therapeutic potential in preclinical studies is growing. In addition to their potential as a monotherapy, DDRis may play an important synergistic role with other anti-cancer therapies or in reversing acquired treatment resistance. Here we review the impact of DDRis on solid tumors and the potential value of combinations of different treatment modalities with DDRis for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guowei Che
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Institute/Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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204
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Asai T, Yokota M, Isomura H, Koide H, Sakurai N, Okamoto A, Ando H, Dewa T, Oku N. Treatment of PTEN-Null Breast Cancer by a Synthetic Lethal Approach Involving PARP1 Gene Silencing. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1908-1914. [PMID: 36828124 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted from chromosome 10 is frequently observed in a variety of human cancers and appears to be an ideal target in synthetic lethality-based treatment. In this study, the synthetic lethal interaction between PTEN loss and the gene silencing of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) was examined in human triple-negative breast cancer cells (PTEN-null MDA-MB-468 and PTEN-positive MDA-MB-231 cells). Polycation liposomes previously developed by us were employed to deliver the small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeted toward PARP1 (siPARP1) into the cancer cells. The silencing of the PARP1 gene exerted a cytocidal effect on the MDA-MB-468 cells but had no effect on the MDA-MB-231 cells and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells employed as normal cells. The simultaneous knockdown of PARP1 and PTEN in the MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in the significant inhibition of cell growth. The data suggest that the effects of the PARP1 knockdown on the cells were dependent on the PTEN status. A significant increase in the DNA breaks and the extent of apoptosis, possibly due to the failure of DNA repair, was observed upon PARP1 knockdown in the MDA-MB-468 cells compared with the case in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings suggest that the synthetic lethal approach via PARP1 gene silencing holds promise for the treatment of patients with PTEN-null breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Asai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideki Isomura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sakurai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takehisa Dewa
- Department of Life and Materials Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555 Japan
| | - Naoto Oku
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
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205
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Krishnan A, Spegg V, Dettwiler S, Schraml P, Moch H, Dedes K, Varga Z, Altmeyer M. Analysis of the PARP1, ADP-Ribosylation, and TRIP12 Triad With Markers of Patient Outcome in Human Breast Cancer. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100167. [PMID: 36990278 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are increasingly used in breast cancer therapy, including high-grade triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Varying treatment responses and PARPi resistance with relapse currently pose limitations to the efficacy of PARPi therapy. The pathobiological reasons why individual patients respond differently to PARPi are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed expression of PARP1, the main target of PARPi, in normal breast tissue, breast cancer, and its precursor lesions using human breast cancer tissue microarrays covering a total of 824 patients, including more than 100 TNBC cases. In parallel, we analyzed nuclear adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation as a marker of PARP1 activity and TRIP12, an antagonist of PARPi-induced PARP1 trapping. Although we found PARP1 expression to be generally increased in invasive breast cancer, PARP1 protein levels and nuclear ADP-ribosylation were lower in higher tumor grade and TNBC samples than non-TNBCs. Cancers with low levels of PARP1 and low levels of nuclear ADP-ribosylation were associated with significantly reduced overall survival. This effect was even more pronounced in cases with high levels of TRIP12. These results indicate that PARP1-dependent DNA repair capacity may be compromised in aggressive breast cancers, potentially fueling enhanced accumulation of mutations. Moreover, the results revealed a subset of breast cancers with low PARP1, low nuclear ADP-ribosylation, and high TRIP12 levels, which may compromise their response to PARPi, suggesting a combination of markers for PARP1 abundance, enzymatic activity, and trapping capabilities might aid patient stratification for PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dettwiler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schraml
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Dedes
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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206
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Akinjiyan FA, Morecroft R, Phillipps J, Adeyelu T, Elliott A, Park SJ, Butt OH, Zhou AY, Ansstas G. Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) in Cutaneous Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10771. [PMID: 37445949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, are the most common malignancies in the United States. Loss of DNA repair pathways in the skin plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. In recent years, targeting DNA repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach in cutaneous malignancies. This review provides an overview of DNA damage and repair pathways, with a focus on HRD, and discusses major advances in targeting these pathways in skin cancers. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been developed to exploit HRD in cancer cells. PARP inhibitors disrupt DNA repair mechanisms by inhibiting PARP enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and cell death. The concept of synthetic lethality has been demonstrated in HR-deficient cells, such as those with BRCA1/2 mutations, which exhibit increased sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. HRD assessment methods, including genomic scars, RAD51 foci formation, functional assays, and BRCA1/2 mutation analysis, are discussed as tools for identifying patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, HRD has been implicated in the response to immunotherapy, and the combination of PARP inhibitors with immunotherapy has shown promising results. The frequency of HRD in melanoma ranges from 18% to 57%, and studies investigating the use of PARP inhibitors as monotherapy in melanoma are limited. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of PARP inhibition in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favour A Akinjiyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Renee Morecroft
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jordan Phillipps
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Soo J Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar H Butt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alice Y Zhou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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207
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Duma L, Ahel I. The function and regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:995-1008. [PMID: 37171085 PMCID: PMC10317172 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA damage response (DDR). In higher organisms it is synthesised by PARP 1-3, DNA strand break sensors. Recent advances have identified serine residues as the most common targets for ADP-ribosylation during DDR. To ADP-ribosylate serine, PARPs require an accessory factor, HPF1 which completes the catalytic domain. Through ADP-ribosylation, PARPs recruit a variety of factors to the break site and control their activities. However, the timely removal of ADP-ribosylation is also key for genome stability and is mostly performed by two hydrolases: PARG and ARH3. Here, we describe the key writers, readers and erasers of ADP-ribosylation and their contribution to the mounting of the DDR. We also discuss the use of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy and the ways to tackle PARPi treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Duma
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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208
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Fu W, Li G, Lei C, Qian K, Zhang S, Zhao J, Hu S. Bispecific antibodies targeting EGFR/Notch enhance the response to talazoparib by decreasing tumour-initiating cell frequency. Theranostics 2023; 13:3641-3654. [PMID: 37441599 PMCID: PMC10334837 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are mainly used in treating BRCA-mutant cancers, and their application in novel therapies to expand their benefit is of interest in personalized medicine. A recent report showed that pharmacological targeting of PARP increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to EGFR inhibition, but the therapeutic value of this combination has not been fully determined. We propose a strategy of combining PARP inhibitors with bispecific antibodies that target both EGFR and Notch signalling, highlighting the difficulties posed by deregulation of Notch signalling and the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during therapy. In the present study, we showed that although PARP plus EGFR targeting led to more penetrant and durable responses in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PDX model, it influenced the enrichment of stem-like cells and their relative proportion. Stem-like cells were significantly inhibited in vitro and in vivo by EGFR/Notch-targeting bispecific antibodies. These bispecific antibodies were effective in PDX models and showed promise in cell line models of NSCLC, where they delayed the development of acquired resistance to cetuximab and talazoparib. Moreover, combining EGFR/Notch-targeting bispecific antibodies and talazoparib had a more substantial antitumour effect than the combination of talazoparib and cetuximab in a broad spectrum of epithelial tumours. EGFR/Notch bispecific antibodies decrease the subpopulation of stem-like cells, reduce the frequency of tumour-initiating cells, and downregulate mesenchymal gene expression. These findings suggest that combining EGFR and Notch signalling blockade can potentially increase the response to PARP blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Fu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- KOCHKOR Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, Shanghai 201406, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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209
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Pearson ADJ, Federico S, Gatz SA, Ortiz M, Lesa G, Scobie N, Gounaris I, Weiner SL, Weigel B, Unger TJ, Stewart E, Smith M, Slotkin EK, Reaman G, Pappo A, Nysom K, Norga K, McDonough J, Marshall LV, Ludwinski D, Ligas F, Karres D, Kool M, Horner TJ, Henssen A, Heenen D, Hawkins DS, Gore L, Bender JG, Galluzzo S, Fox E, de Rojas T, Davies BR, Chakrabarti J, Carmichael J, Bradford D, Blanc P, Bernardi R, Benchetrit S, Akindele K, Vassal G. Paediatric Strategy Forum for medicinal product development of DNA damage response pathway inhibitors in children and adolescents with cancer: ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration. Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112950. [PMID: 37441939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response inhibitors have a potentially important therapeutic role in paediatric cancers; however, their optimal use, including patient selection and combination strategy, remains unknown. Moreover, there is an imbalance between the number of drugs with diverse mechanisms of action and the limited number of paediatric patients available to be enrolled in early-phase trials, so prioritisation and a strategy are essential. While PARP inhibitors targeting homologous recombination-deficient tumours have been used primarily in the treatment of adult cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations, BRCA1/2 mutations occur infrequently in childhood tumours, and therefore, a specific response hypothesis is required. Combinations with targeted radiotherapy, ATR inhibitors, or antibody drug conjugates with DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor-related warheads warrant evaluation. Additional monotherapy trials of PARP inhibitors with the same mechanism of action are not recommended. PARP1-specific inhibitors and PARP inhibitors with very good central nervous system penetration also deserve evaluation. ATR, ATM, DNA-PK, CHK1, WEE1, DNA polymerase theta and PKMYT1 inhibitors are early in paediatric development. There should be an overall coordinated strategy for their development. Therefore, an academia/industry consensus of the relevant biomarkers will be established and a focused meeting on ATR inhibitors (as proof of principle) held. CHK1 inhibitors have demonstrated activity in desmoplastic small round cell tumours and have a potential role in the treatment of other paediatric malignancies, such as neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma. Access to CHK1 inhibitors for paediatric clinical trials is a high priority. The three key elements in evaluating these inhibitors in children are (1) innovative trial design (design driven by a clear hypothesis with the intent to further investigate responders and non-responders with detailed retrospective molecular analyses to generate a revised or new hypothesis); (2) biomarker selection and (3) rational combination therapy, which is limited by overlapping toxicity. To maximally benefit children with cancer, investigators should work collaboratively to learn the lessons from the past and apply them to future studies. Plans should be based on the relevant biology, with a focus on simultaneous and parallel research in preclinical and clinical settings, and an overall integrated and collaborative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D J Pearson
- ACCELERATE, c/o BLSI, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, Bte 1.30.30 BE-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sara Federico
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susanne A Gatz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Lesa
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ioannis Gounaris
- Merck Serono Ltd (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Feltham, UK
| | | | | | - T J Unger
- Repare Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Reaman
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Springs, MD, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Koen Norga
- Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Paediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joe McDonough
- The Andrew McDonough B+ Foundation, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Lynley V Marshall
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Hospital, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Franca Ligas
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominik Karres
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Children's Oncology Group, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lia Gore
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Fox
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Teresa de Rojas
- ACCELERATE, c/o BLSI, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, Bte 1.30.30 BE-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Juliet Carmichael
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Hospital, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Diana Bradford
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Springs, MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald Bernardi
- Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sylvie Benchetrit
- National Agency for the Safety of Medicine and Health Products, Paris, France
| | | | - Gilles Vassal
- ACCELERATE, c/o BLSI, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, Bte 1.30.30 BE-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, Paris, France
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Bouberhan S, Bar-Peled L, Matoba Y, Mazina V, Philp L, Rueda BR. The evolving role of DNA damage response in overcoming therapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:345-357. [PMID: 37457127 PMCID: PMC10344720 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is treated in the first-line setting with combined platinum and taxane chemotherapy, often followed by a maintenance poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi). Responses to first-line treatment are frequent. For many patients, however, responses are suboptimal or short-lived. Over the last several years, multiple new classes of agents targeting DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms have advanced through clinical development. In this review, we explore the preclinical rationale for the use of ATR inhibitors, CHK1 inhibitors, and WEE1 inhibitors, emphasizing their application to chemotherapy-resistant and PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer. We also present an overview of the clinical development of the leading drugs in each of these classes, emphasizing the rationale for monotherapy and combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bouberhan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yusuke Matoba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Varvara Mazina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lauren Philp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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211
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Li WH, Wang F, Song GY, Yu QH, Du RP, Xu P. PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198948. [PMID: 37351512 PMCID: PMC10283042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Purpose: To assess the current understanding of PARP-1 mechanisms in radioprotection and radiotherapy based on the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and summarized information on PARP inhibitors, the interaction of PARP-1 with DNA, and the relationships between PARP-1 and p53/ROS, NF-κB/DNA-PK, and caspase3/AIF, respectively. Results: The enzyme PARP-1 plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage and modifying proteins. Cells exposed to radiation can experience DNA damage, such as single-, intra-, or inter-strand damage. This damage, associated with replication fork stagnation, triggers DNA repair mechanisms, including those involving PARP-1. The activity of PARP-1 increases 500-fold on DNA binding. Studies on PARP-1-knockdown mice have shown that the protein regulates the response to radiation. A lack of PARP-1 also increases the organism's sensitivity to radiation injury. PARP-1 has been found positively or negatively regulate the expression of specific genes through its modulation of key transcription factors and other molecules, including NF-κB, p53, Caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of PARP-1 and examines the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors under conditions of ionizing radiation exposure. The review also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for developing PARP-1 inhibitors to improve the clinical outcomes of ionizing radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Peng Du
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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212
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Bennani FE, Doudach L, Karrouchi K, Tarib A, Rudd CE, Ansar M, Faouzi MEA. Targeting EGFR, RSK1, RAF1, PARP2 and LIN28B for several cancer type therapies with newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives via a computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:4194-4218. [PMID: 35442150 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2064915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death in the world despite the significant advancements made in anticancer drug discovery. This study is aimed to computationally evaluate the efficacy of 63 in-house synthesized pyrazole derivatives targeted to bind with prominent cancer targets namely EGFR, RSK1, RAF1, PARP2 and LIN28B known to be expressed, respectively, in lung, colon, skin, ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells. Initially, we perform the molecular docking investigations for all pyrazole compounds with a comparison to known standard drugs for each target. Docking studies have revealed that some pyrazole compounds possess better binding affinity scores than standard drug compounds. Thereafter, a long-range of 1 μs molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study for top ranked docked compounds with all respective proteins was carried out to assess the interaction stability in a dynamic environment. The results suggested that the top ranked complexes showed a stable interaction profile for a longer period of time. The outcome of this study suggests that pyrazole compounds, M33, M36, M76 and M77, are promising molecular candidates that can modulate the studied target proteins significantly in comparison to their known inhibitor based on their selective binding interactions profile. Furthermore, ADME-T profile has been explored to check for the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics profiles and found that all proposed compounds exhibited acceptable values for being a potential drug-like candidate with non-toxic characteristics. Overall, extensive computational investigations indicate that the four proposed pyrazole inhibitors/modulators studied against each respective target protein will be helpful for future cancer therapeutic developments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Bennani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Doudach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Medical Physiology, Higher School of Technical Education of Rabat, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Karrouchi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Tarib
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M'hammed Ansar
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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213
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Cecchini M, Zhang JY, Wei W, Sklar J, Lacy J, Zhong M, Kong Y, Zhao H, DiPalermo J, Devine L, Stein SM, Kortmansky J, Johung KL, Bindra RS, LoRusso P, Schalper KA. Quantitative DNA Repair Biomarkers and Immune Profiling for Temozolomide and Olaparib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1132-1139. [PMID: 37387791 PMCID: PMC10305782 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-silenced tumors reveal sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ), which may be enhanced by PARP inhibitors. Approximately 40% of colorectal cancer has MGMT silencing and we aimed to measure antitumoral and immunomodulatory effects from TMZ and olaparib in colorectal cancer. Experimental Design Patients with advanced colorectal cancer were screened for MGMT promoter hypermethylation using methylation-specific PCR of archival tumor. Eligible patients received TMZ 75 mg/m2 days 1-7 with olaparib 150 mg twice daily every 21 days. Pretreatment tumor biopsies were collected for whole-exome sequencing (WES), and multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) of MGMT protein expression and immune markers. Results MGMT promoter hypermethylation was detected in 18/51 (35%) patients, 9 received study treatment with no objective responses, 5/9 had stable disease (SD) and 4/9 had progressive disease as best response. Three patients had clinical benefit: carcinoembryonic antigen reduction, radiographic tumor regression, and prolonged SD. MGMT expression by multiplex QIF revealed prominent tumor MGMT protein from 6/9 patients without benefit, while MGMT protein was lower in 3/9 with benefit. Moreover, benefitting patients had higher baseline CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. WES revealed 8/9 patients with MAP kinase variants (7 KRAS and 1 ERBB2). Flow cytometry identified peripheral expansion of effector T cells. Conclusions Our results indicate discordance between MGMT promoter hypermethylation and MGMT protein expression. Antitumor activity seen in patients with low MGMT protein expression, supports MGMT protein as a predictor of alkylator sensitivity. Increased CD8+ TILs and peripheral activated T cells, suggest a role for immunostimulatory combinations. Significance TMZ and PARP inhibitors synergize in vitro and in vivo in tumors with MGMT silencing. Up to 40% of colorectal cancer is MGMT promoter hypermethylated, and we investigated whether TMZ and olaparib are effective in this population. We also measured MGMT by QIF and observed efficacy only in patients with low MGMT, suggesting quantitative MGMT biomarkers more accurately predict benefit to alkylator combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cecchini
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janie Y. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey Sklar
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jill Lacy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Minghao Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jassim DiPalermo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lesley Devine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stacey M. Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeremy Kortmansky
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly L. Johung
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kurt A. Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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214
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Zhao ML, Stefanick DF, Nadalutti CA, Beard WA, Wilson SH, Horton JK. Temporal recruitment of base excision DNA repair factors in living cells in response to different micro-irradiation DNA damage protocols. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 126:103486. [PMID: 37028218 PMCID: PMC10133186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser micro-irradiation across the nucleus rapidly generates localized chromatin-associated DNA lesions permitting analysis of repair protein recruitment in living cells. Recruitment of three fluorescently-tagged base excision repair factors [DNA polymerase β (pol β), XRCC1 and PARP1], known to interact with one another, was compared in gene-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in those expressing the endogenous factor. A low energy micro-irradiation (LEMI) forming direct single-strand breaks and a moderate energy (MEMI) protocol that additionally creates oxidized bases were compared. Quantitative characterization of repair factor recruitment and sensitivity to clinical PARP inhibitors (PARPi) was dependent on the micro-irradiation protocol. PARP1 recruitment was biphasic and generally occurred prior to pol β and XRCC1. After LEMI, but not after MEMI, pol β and XRCC1 recruitment was abolished by the PARPi veliparib. Consistent with this, pol β and XRCC1 recruitment following LEMI was considerably slower in PARP1-deficient cells. Surprisingly, the recruitment half-times and amplitudes for pol β were less affected by PARPi than were XRCC1 after MEMI suggesting there is a XRCC1-independent component for pol β recruitment. After LEMI, but not MEMI, pol β dissociation was more rapid than that of XRCC1. Unexpectedly, PARP1 dissociation was slowed in the absence of XRCC1 as well with a PARPi after LEMI but not MEMI, suggesting that XRCC1 facilitates PARP1 dissociation from specific DNA lesions. XRCC1-deficient cells showed pronounced hypersensitivity to the PARPi talazoparib correlating with its known cytotoxic PARP1 trapping activity. In contrast to DNA methylating agents, PARPi only minimally sensitized pol β and XRCC1-deficient cells to oxidative DNA damage suggesting differential binding of PARP1 to alternate repair intermediates. In summary, pol β, XRCC1, and PARP1 display recruitment kinetics that exhibit correlated and unique properties that depend on the DNA lesion and PARP activity revealing that there are multiple avenues utilized in the repair of chromatin-associated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lang Zhao
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Donna F Stefanick
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Cristina A Nadalutti
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William A Beard
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Julie K Horton
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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215
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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216
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Sorrentino C, Di Carlo E. Molecular Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112885. [PMID: 37296848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in men, and, despite the great improvements in survival in patients with localized cancer, the prognosis for metastatic disease remains poor. Novel molecular targeted therapies, which block specific molecules or signaling pathways in tumor cells or in their microenvironment, have shown encouraging results in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Among these therapeutic approaches, prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radionuclide therapies and DNA repair inhibitors represent the most promising ones, with some therapeutic protocols already approved by the FDA, whereas therapies targeting tumor neovascularization and immune checkpoint inhibitors have not yet demonstrated clear clinical benefits. In this review, the most relevant studies and clinical trials on this topic are illustrated and discussed, together with future research directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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217
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Bhin J, Paes Dias M, Gogola E, Rolfs F, Piersma SR, de Bruijn R, de Ruiter JR, van den Broek B, Duarte AA, Sol W, van der Heijden I, Andronikou C, Kaiponen TS, Bakker L, Lieftink C, Morris B, Beijersbergen RL, van de Ven M, Jimenez CR, Wessels LFA, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J. Multi-omics analysis reveals distinct non-reversion mechanisms of PARPi resistance in BRCA1- versus BRCA2-deficient mammary tumors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112538. [PMID: 37209095 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 both function in DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination (HR). Due to their HR defect, BRCA1/2-deficient cancers are sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis), but they eventually acquire resistance. Preclinical studies yielded several PARPi resistance mechanisms that do not involve BRCA1/2 reactivation, but their relevance in the clinic remains elusive. To investigate which BRCA1/2-independent mechanisms drive spontaneous resistance in vivo, we combine molecular profiling with functional analysis of HR of matched PARPi-naive and PARPi-resistant mouse mammary tumors harboring large intragenic deletions that prevent reactivation of BRCA1/2. We observe restoration of HR in 62% of PARPi-resistant BRCA1-deficient tumors but none in the PARPi-resistant BRCA2-deficient tumors. Moreover, we find that 53BP1 loss is the prevalent resistance mechanism in HR-proficient BRCA1-deficient tumors, whereas resistance in BRCA2-deficient tumors is mainly induced by PARG loss. Furthermore, combined multi-omics analysis identifies additional genes and pathways potentially involved in modulating PARPi response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical System Informatics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariana Paes Dias
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Rolfs
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra A Duarte
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Heijden
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Andronikou
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taina S Kaiponen
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lara Bakker
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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218
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Luo Y, Cheng Y, Wu C, Ye H, Chen N, Zhang F, Wei H, Xu B. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and antitumor activity of talazoparib monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2023:10.1007/s10637-023-01351-w. [PMID: 37171721 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Talazoparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancers in Western populations. This open-label, phase 1 study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antitumor activity of talazoparib monotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Molecularly unselected patients (≥18 years) with advanced solid tumors resistant to standard therapy received talazoparib (oral, 1 mg once daily). Primary endpoint was characterization of single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics. Secondary endpoints evaluated safety, unconfirmed objective response rate (ORR), and duration of response. The safety population comprised 15 Chinese patients (median [range] age 53.0 [31.0-72.0] years). Single-dose median time to first occurrence of maximum observed concentration was 1.9 h; concentrations then declined with a mean terminal half-life (t1/2) of 67 h. Following multiple dosing, median Tmax was approximately 1.85 h with steady state generally achieved by Day 21. Treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 86.7% (13/15) of patients (grade 3, 20.0%; grade 4, 13.3%). Two patients (13.3%) experienced serious treatment-related TEAEs. ORR (investigator-assessed) was 6.7% (95% CI: 0.2-31.9); one patient (6.7%) had a partial response. In patients with measurable disease at baseline, the ORR was 9.1% (1/11; 95% CI: 0.2-41.3; duration of response: 114 days); stable disease was achieved by 36.4% (4/11) of patients, and 54.5% (6/11) progressed by data cut-off. In Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors, the pharmacokinetic profile of talazoparib monotherapy (1 mg/day) was consistent with other patient populations. TEAEs were generally manageable with no unexpected safety findings. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04635631 [prospectively registered November 19, 2020]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunjiao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Clinical Development, Development China, Pfizer Pharmaceutical Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Naihan Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Development China, Pfizer Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- China Statistics, Global Biometrics & Data Management, Pfizer Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Clinical Pharmacology, Development China, Pfizer Pharmaceutical Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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219
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Zelceski A, Francica P, Lingg L, Mutlu M, Stok C, Liptay M, Alexander J, Baxter JS, Brough R, Gulati A, Haider S, Raghunandan M, Song F, Sridhar S, Forment JV, O'Connor MJ, Davies BR, van Vugt MATM, Krastev DB, Pettitt SJ, Tutt ANJ, Rottenberg S, Lord CJ. MND1 and PSMC3IP control PARP inhibitor sensitivity in mitotic cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112484. [PMID: 37163373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PSMC3IP-MND1 heterodimer promotes meiotic D loop formation before DNA strand exchange. In genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and interference screens in mitotic cells, depletion of PSMC3IP or MND1 causes sensitivity to poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) used in cancer treatment. PSMC3IP or MND1 depletion also causes ionizing radiation sensitivity. These effects are independent of PSMC3IP/MND1's role in mitotic alternative lengthening of telomeres. PSMC3IP- or MND1-depleted cells accumulate toxic RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage, show impaired homology-directed DNA repair, and become PARPi sensitive, even in cells lacking both BRCA1 and TP53BP1. Epistasis between PSMC3IP-MND1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 defects suggest that abrogated D loop formation is the cause of PARPi sensitivity. Wild-type PSMC3IP reverses PARPi sensitivity, whereas a PSMC3IP p.Glu201del mutant associated with D loop defects and ovarian dysgenesis does not. These observations suggest that meiotic proteins such as MND1 and PSMC3IP have a greater role in mitotic DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Zelceski
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Liptay
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Alexander
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joseph S Baxter
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Maya Raghunandan
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Feifei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sandhya Sridhar
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dragomir B Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Departement of Biomedical Research (DBMR), Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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220
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Zhu Y, Liu Z, Gui L, Yun W, Mao C, Deng R, Yao Y, Yu Q, Feng J, Ma H, Bao W. Inhibition of CXorf56 promotes PARP inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37156759 PMCID: PMC10167262 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) induce DNA lesions that preferentially kill homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast cancers induced by BRCA mutations, which exhibit a low incidence in breast cancer, thereby limiting the benefits of PARPis. Additionally, breast cancer cells, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, exhibit HR and PARPi resistance. Therefore, targets must be identified for inducing HR deficiency and sensitizing cancer cells to PARPis. Here, we reveal that CXorf56 protein increased HR repair in TNBC cells by interacting with the Ku70 DNA-binding domain, reducing Ku70 recruitment and promoting RPA32, BRCA2, and RAD51 recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Knockdown of CXorf56 protein suppressed HR in TNBC cells, specifically during the S and G2 phases, and increased cell sensitivity to olaparib in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, CXorf56 protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival. All these findings indicate that treatment designed to inhibit CXorf56 protein in TNBC combined with PARPis may overcome drug resistance and expand the application of PARPis to patients with non-BRCA mutantion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Gui
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yun
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changfei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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221
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Noireterre A, Serbyn N, Bagdiul I, Stutz F. Ubx5-Cdc48 assists the protease Wss1 at DNA-protein crosslink sites in yeast. EMBO J 2023:e113609. [PMID: 37144685 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) pose a serious threat to genome stability. The yeast proteases Wss1, 26S proteasome, and Ddi1 are safeguards of genome integrity by acting on a plethora of DNA-bound proteins in different cellular contexts. The AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 is known to assist Wss1/SPRTN in clearing DNA-bound complexes; however, its contribution to DPC proteolysis remains unclear. Here, we show that the Cdc48 adaptor Ubx5 is detrimental in yeast mutants defective in DPC processing. Using an inducible site-specific crosslink, we show that Ubx5 accumulates at persistent DPC lesions in the absence of Wss1, which prevents their efficient removal from the DNA. Abolishing Cdc48 binding or complete loss of Ubx5 suppresses sensitivity of wss1∆ cells to DPC-inducing agents by favoring alternate repair pathways. We provide evidence for cooperation of Ubx5-Cdc48 and Wss1 in the genotoxin-induced degradation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), a described candidate substrate of Wss1. We propose that Ubx5-Cdc48 assists Wss1 for proteolysis of a subset of DNA-bound proteins. Together, our findings reveal a central role for Ubx5 in DPC clearance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noireterre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nataliia Serbyn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivona Bagdiul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Stutz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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222
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Smith R, Zentout S, Rother M, Bigot N, Chapuis C, Mihuț A, Zobel FF, Ahel I, van Attikum H, Timinszky G, Huet S. HPF1-dependent histone ADP-ribosylation triggers chromatin relaxation to promote the recruitment of repair factors at sites of DNA damage. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:678-691. [PMID: 37106138 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity is regulated by its co-factor histone poly(ADP-ribosylation) factor 1 (HPF1). The complex formed by HPF1 and PARP1 catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of serine residues of proteins near DNA breaks, mainly PARP1 and histones. However, the effect of HPF1 on DNA repair regulated by PARP1 remains unclear. Here, we show that HPF1 controls prolonged histone ADP-ribosylation in the vicinity of the DNA breaks by regulating both the number and length of ADP-ribose chains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HPF1-dependent histone ADP-ribosylation triggers the rapid unfolding of chromatin, facilitating access to DNA at sites of damage. This process promotes the assembly of both the homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining repair machineries. Altogether, our data highlight the key roles played by the PARP1/HPF1 complex in regulating ADP-ribosylation signaling as well as the conformation of damaged chromatin at early stages of the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Smith
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, Rennes, France.
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Siham Zentout
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, Rennes, France
| | - Magdalena Rother
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Bigot
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Chapuis
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Mihuț
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Sébastien Huet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS3480, Rennes, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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223
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Wei X, Yang K. PARP1 Incises Abasic Sites and Covalently Cross-links to 3'-DNA Termini via Cysteine Addition Not Reductive Amination. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1527-1530. [PMID: 37094109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme that plays multifaceted roles in the cellular response to DNA damage. Previous studies demonstrated that PARP1 incises the most frequently formed DNA lesion, the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, and in the process is trapped as a DNA-PARP1 cross-link at the 3'-terminus. The covalent linkage was proposed to be composed of a secondary amine resulting from formal reductive amination of an initially formed incision product. PARP1 cysteine residues were proposed to reduce the initially formed Schiff base. Here, we report evidence to support a different mechanism in which DNA-PARP1 cross-links result from cysteine addition to incised AP sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wei
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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224
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Martino J, Siri SO, Calzetta NL, Paviolo NS, Garro C, Pansa MF, Carbajosa S, Brown AC, Bocco JL, Gloger I, Drewes G, Madauss KP, Soria G, Gottifredi V. Inhibitors of Rho kinases (ROCK) induce multiple mitotic defects and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells. eLife 2023; 12:e80254. [PMID: 37073955 PMCID: PMC10185344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The trapping of Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) on DNA caused by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) triggers acute DNA replication stress and synthetic lethality (SL) in BRCA2-deficient cells. Hence, DNA damage is accepted as a prerequisite for SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. In contrast, here we show that inhibiting ROCK in BRCA2-deficient cells triggers SL independently from acute replication stress. Such SL is preceded by polyploidy and binucleation resulting from cytokinesis failure. Such initial mitosis abnormalities are followed by other M phase defects, including anaphase bridges and abnormal mitotic figures associated with multipolar spindles, supernumerary centrosomes and multinucleation. SL was also triggered by inhibiting Citron Rho-interacting kinase, another enzyme that, similarly to ROCK, regulates cytokinesis. Together, these observations demonstrate that cytokinesis failure triggers mitotic abnormalities and SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. Furthermore, the prevention of mitotic entry by depletion of Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) augmented the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells treated with ROCK inhibitors, thus reinforcing the association between M phase and cell death in BRCA2-deficient cells. This novel SL differs from the one triggered by PARPi and uncovers mitosis as an Achilles heel of BRCA2-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cintia Garro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Maria F Pansa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Sofía Carbajosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Aaron C Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Israel Gloger
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerard Drewes
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Madauss
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DUpper ProvidenceUnited States
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
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225
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Wang SSY, Jie YE, Cheng SW, Ling GL, Ming HVY. PARP Inhibitors in Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082357. [PMID: 37190285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are one of the most successful examples of clinical translation of targeted therapies in medical oncology, and this has been demonstrated by their effective management of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutant cancers, most notably in breast and ovarian cancers. PARP inhibitors target DNA repair pathways that BRCA1/2-mutant tumours are dependent upon. Inhibition of the key components of these pathways leads to DNA damage triggering subsequent critical levels of genomic instability, mitotic catastrophe and cell death. This ultimately results in a synthetic lethal relationship between BRCA1/2 and PARP, which underpins the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors. Despite the early and dramatic response seen with PARP inhibitors, patients receiving them often develop treatment resistance. To date, data from both clinical and preclinical studies have highlighted multiple resistance mechanisms to PARP inhibitors, and only by understanding these mechanisms are we able to overcome the challenges. The focus of this review is to summarise the underlying mechanisms underpinning treatment resistance to PARP inhibitors and to aid both clinicians and scientists to develop better clinically applicable assays to better select patients who would derive the greatest benefit as well as develop new novel/combination treatment strategies to overcome these mechanisms of resistance. With a better understanding of PARP inhibitor resistance mechanisms, we would not only be able to identify a subset of patients who are unlikely to benefit from therapy but also to sequence our treatment paradigm to avoid and overcome these resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Y Wang
- Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Yeo Ee Jie
- Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Sim Wey Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Goh Liuh Ling
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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226
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Cai M, Song XL, Li XA, Chen M, Guo J, Yang DH, Chen Z, Zhao SC. Current therapy and drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100962. [PMID: 37068396 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), especially metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and main cause of cancer-related death among men in the world. In addition, it is very difficult for clinical treatment because of the natural or acquired drug resistance of CRPC. Mechanisms of drug resistance are extremely complicated and how to overcome it remains an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Thus, a comprehensive and thorough understanding for mechanisms of drug resistance in mCRPC is indispensable to develop novel and better therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aim to review new insight of the treatment of mCRPC and elucidate mechanisms governing resistance to new drugs: taxanes, androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). Most importantly, in order to improve efficacy of these drugs, strategies of overcoming drug resistance are also discussed based on their mechanisms respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Cai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xian-Lu Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xin-An Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingkun Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiading Guo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola 11501, NY, USA.
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; The Third Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, PR China.
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Tang H, Kulkarni S, Peters C, Eddison J, Al-Ani M, Madhusudan S. The Current Status of DNA-Repair-Directed Precision Oncology Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087293. [PMID: 37108451 PMCID: PMC10138422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival outcomes for patients with advanced ovarian cancer remain poor despite advances in chemotherapy and surgery. Platinum-based systemic chemotherapy can result in a response rate of up to 80%, but most patients will have recurrence and die from the disease. Recently, the DNA-repair-directed precision oncology strategy has generated hope for patients. The clinical use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA germ-line-deficient and/or platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancers has improved survival. However, the emergence of resistance is an ongoing clinical challenge. Here, we review the current clinical state of PARP inhibitors and other clinically viable targeted approaches in epithelial ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Sanat Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, Lyndon, West Bromwich B71 4HJ, UK
| | - Christina Peters
- Department of Oncology, Sussex Cancer Centre, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN2 5BD, UK
| | - Jasper Eddison
- College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maryam Al-Ani
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK
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228
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Lim PX, Zaman M, Jasin M. BRCA2 promotes genomic integrity and therapy resistance primarily through its role in homology-directed repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536470. [PMID: 37090587 PMCID: PMC10120702 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Highlights Gap suppression requires BRCA2 C-terminal RAD51 binding in mouse and human cells Brca2 heterozygosity in mice results in fork protection and gap suppression defects Gap suppression mitigates sensitivity to hmdU, but only when HDR is unperturbedHDR deficiency is the primary driver of chemotherapeutic sensitivity. eTOC blurb Lim et al . report that gap suppression as well as fork protection require BRCA2 stabilization of RAD51 filaments in human and mouse cells but have minimal impact on genome integrity, oncogenesis, and drug resistance. BRCA2 suppression of PRIMPOL-mediated replication gaps confers resistance to the nucleotide hmdU, incorporation of which leads to cytotoxic abasic sites.This effect is diminished when HDR is abrogated. Summary Tumor suppressor BRCA2 functions in homology-directed repair (HDR), protection of stalled replication forks, and suppression of replicative gaps. The relative contributions of these pathways to genome integrity and chemotherapy response are under scrutiny. Here, we report that mouse and human cells require a RAD51 filament stabilization motif in BRCA2 for both fork protection and gap suppression, but not HDR. Loss of fork protection and gap suppression do not compromise genome instability or shorten tumor latency in mice or cause replication stress in human mammary cells. By contrast, HDR deficiency increases spontaneous and replication stress-induced chromosome aberrations and tumor predisposition. Unlike with HDR, fork protection and gap suppression defects are also observed in Brca2 heterozygous mouse cells, likely due to reduced RAD51 stabilization at stalled forks and gaps. Gaps arise from PRIMPOL activity, which is associated with sensitivity to 5-hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxyuridine due to the formation of abasic sites by SMUG1 glycosylase and is exacerbated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. However, HDR deficiency ultimately modulates sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, including PARP inhibitors.
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229
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Sanada S, Maekawa M, Tate S, Nakaoka H, Fujisawa Y, Sayama K, Higashiyama S. SPOP is essential for DNA replication licensing through maintaining translation of CDT1 and CDC6 in HaCaT cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:30-38. [PMID: 36791496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Speckle-type pox virus and zinc finger (POZ) protein (SPOP), a substrate recognition receptor for the cullin-3/RING ubiquitin E3 complex, leads to the ubiquitination of >40 of its target substrates. Since a variety of point mutations in the substrate-binding domain of SPOP have been identified in cancers, including prostate and endometrial cancers, the pathological roles of those cancer-associated SPOP mutants have been extensively elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the cellular functions of wild-type SPOP in non-cancerous human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells expressing wild-type SPOP gene. SPOP knockdown using siRNA in HaCaT cells dramatically reduced cell growth and arrested their cell cycles at G1/S phase. The expression of DNA replication licensing factors CDT1 and CDC6 in HaCaT cells drastically decreased on SPOP knockdown as their translation was inhibited. CDT1 and CDC6 downregulation induced p21 expression without p53 activation. Our results suggest that SPOP is essential for DNA replication licensing in non-cancerous keratinocyte HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Sanada
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Sota Tate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakaoka
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koji Sayama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Oncogenesis and Tumor Regulation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
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230
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Subhan MA, Parveen F, Shah H, Yalamarty SSK, Ataide JA, Torchilin VP. Recent Advances with Precision Medicine Treatment for Breast Cancer including Triple-Negative Sub-Type. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082204. [PMID: 37190133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in woman due to rapid metastasis and disease recurrence. Precision medicine remains an essential source to lower the off-target toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents and maximize the patient benefits. This is a crucial approach for a more effective treatment and prevention of disease. Precision-medicine methods are based on the selection of suitable biomarkers to envision the effectiveness of targeted therapy in a specific group of patients. Several druggable mutations have been identified in breast cancer patients. Current improvements in omics technologies have focused on more precise strategies for precision therapy. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has raised hopes for precision-medicine treatment strategies in breast cancer (BC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeted therapies utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRi), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), oncolytic viruses (OVs), glucose transporter-1 inhibitor (GLUT1i), and targeting signaling pathways are potential treatment approaches for BC and TNBC. This review emphasizes the recent progress made with the precision-medicine therapy of metastatic breast cancer and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, DHQ Hospital Jhang 35200, Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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231
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Zhao J, Yu N, Zhao X, Quan W, Shu M. 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics analysis of dihydrodiazaindolone derivatives as PARP-1 inhibitors. J Mol Model 2023; 29:131. [PMID: 37020092 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT PARP-1 plays an important role in DNA repair and apoptosis, and PARP-1 inhibitors have shown to be effective in the treatment of several malignancies. To evaluate the function of new PARP-1 inhibitors as anticancer adjuvant medicines, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a sequence of dihydrodiazepinoindolone derivatives PARP-1 inhibitors were undertaken in this study. METHODS In this paper, 43 PARP-1 inhibitors were studied in a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA). CoMFA with q2 of 0.675 and r2 of 0.981 was achieved, as was CoMSIA with q2 of 0.755 and r2 of 0.992. The changed areas of these compounds are shown by steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonded acceptor field contour maps. Subsequently, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed that key residues Gly863 and Ser904 of PARP-1 are vital residues for protein interactions and their binding affinity. The effects of 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations supply a new route for the search of new PARP-1 inhibitors. Finally, we designed eight new compounds with exact activity and ADME/T properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Xuemin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
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232
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Sun X, Tang H, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hu Z, Cui Z, Tao Y, Yuan J, Fu Y, Zhuang Z, He Q, Li Q, Xu X, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Loss of the receptors ER, PR and HER2 promotes USP15-dependent stabilization of PARP1 in triple-negative breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:716-733. [PMID: 37012401 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is essential for the progression of several types of cancers. However, whether and how PARP1 is stabilized to promote genomic stability in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the deubiquitinase USP15 interacts with and deubiquitinates PARP1 to promote its stability, thereby stimulating DNA repair, genomic stability and TNBC cell proliferation. Two PARP1 mutations found in individuals with breast cancer (E90K and S104R) enhanced the PARP1-USP15 interaction and suppressed PARP1 ubiquitination, thereby elevating the protein level of PARP1. Importantly, we found that estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibited USP15-mediated PARP1 stabilization through different mechanisms. ER bound to the USP15 promoter to suppress its expression, PR suppressed the deubiquitinase activity of USP15, and HER2 abrogated the PARP1-USP15 interaction. The specific absence of these three receptors in TNBC results in high PARP1 levels, leading to increases in base excision repair and female TNBC cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China.
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Takamatsu S, Yoshihara K, Baba T, Shimada M, Yoshida H, Kajiyama H, Oda K, Mandai M, Okamoto A, Enomoto T, Matsumura N. Prognostic relevance of HRDness gene expression signature in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma; JGOG3025-TR2 study. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1095-1104. [PMID: 36593360 PMCID: PMC10006095 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the homologous recombination repair pathway deficiency (HRD) in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). METHODS In the ovarian cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified genes differentially expressed between tumours with and without HRD genomic scars and named these genes "HRDness signature". We performed SNP array, RNA sequencing, and methylation array analyses on 274 HGSC tumours for which targeted sequencing of 51 genes and clinical data were available to generate JGOG3025-TR2 dataset. The HRDness signature was tested on external datasets, including the JGOG3025-TR2 cohort, by computational scoring and machine-learning prediction. RESULTS High scores and positive predictions of the HRDness signature were significantly associated with BRCA alterations, genomic scar scores, and better survival. On the other hand, among cases with high scores and/or positive predictions, those with BRCA1 methylation showed poorer survival. In the JGOG3025-TR2 cohort, HRD status was significantly associated with the use of olaparib after relapse and progression-free survival after its initiation. CONCLUSIONS The HRDness gene expression signature is associated with a good prognosis, while BRCA1 methylation is associated with a poor prognosis. The newly generated JGOG3025-TR2 dataset will be useful in future HGSC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Takamatsu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Muneaki Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Division of Integrative Genomics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
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Hirlekar BU, Nuthi A, Singh KD, Murty US, Dixit VA. An overview of compound properties, multiparameter optimization, and computational drug design methods for PARP-1 inhibitor drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115300. [PMID: 36989813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment with PARP-1 inhibitors remains challenging due to emerging toxicities, drug resistance, and unaffordable costs of treatment options. How do we invent strategies to design better anti-cancer drugs? A part of the answer is in optimized compound properties, desirability functions, and modern computational drug design methods that drive selectivity and toxicity and have not been reviewed for PARP-1 inhibitors. Nonetheless, comparisons of these compound properties for PARP-1 inhibitors are not available in the literature. In this review, we analyze the physchem, PKPD space to identify inherent desirability functions characteristic of approved drugs that can be valuable for the design of better candidates. Recent literature utilizing ligand, structure-based drug design strategies and matched molecular pair analysis (MMPA) for the discovery of novel PARP-1 inhibitors are also reviewed. Thus, this perspective provides valuable insights into the medchem and multiparameter optimization of PARP-1 inhibitors that might be useful to other medicinal chemists.
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235
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Yang C, Wierbiłowicz K, Dworak NM, Bae SY, Tengse SB, Abianeh N, Drake JM, Abbas T, Ratan A, Wotton D, Paschal BM. Induction of PARP7 Creates a Vulnerability for Growth Inhibition by RBN2397 in Prostate Cancer Cells. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:592-606. [PMID: 37077937 PMCID: PMC10108886 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP7 modulates protein function by conjugating ADP-ribose to the side chains of acceptor amino acids. PARP7 has been shown to affect gene expression in prostate cancer cells and certain other cell types by mechanisms that include transcription factor ADP-ribosylation. Here, we use a recently developed catalytic inhibitor to PARP7, RBN2397, to study the effects of PARP7 inhibition in androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-negative prostate cancer cells. We find that RBN2397 has nanomolar potency for inhibiting androgen-induced ADP-ribosylation of the AR. RBN2397 inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells in culture when cells are treated with ligands that activate the AR, or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and induce PARP7 expression. We show that the growth-inhibitory effects of RBN2397 are distinct from its enhancement of IFN signaling recently shown to promote tumor immunogenicity. RBN2397 treatment also induces trapping of PARP7 in a detergent-resistant fraction within the nucleus, which is reminiscent of how inhibitors such as talazoparib affect PARP1 compartmentalization. Because PARP7 is expressed in AR-negative metastatic tumors and RBN2397 can affect cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, PARP7 may be an actionable target in advanced prostate cancer. Significance RBN2397 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PARP7 that reduces the growth of prostate cancer cells, including a model for treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer. RBN2397 induces PARP7 trapping on chromatin, suggesting its mechanism of action might be similar to clinically used PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Krzysztof Wierbiłowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Natalia M. Dworak
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Song Yi Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sachi B. Tengse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nicki Abianeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Department of Pharmacology and Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bryce M. Paschal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Hachem S, Kassis Y, Hachem MC, Zouein J, Gharios J, Kourie HR. BRCAness in biliary tract cancer: a new prognostic and predictive biomarker? Biomark Med 2023; 17:51-57. [PMID: 36994675 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Considering that most cases of CCA are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and the standard of care for advanced CCA remains suboptimal, new prognostic and predictive biomarkers must be developed to improve the management and survival of patients diagnosed with CCA regardless of disease stage. According to recent studies, 20% of biliary tract cancers exhibit the BRCAness phenotype, meaning that these tumors do not have germline mutations in BRCA but share phenotypic traits with tumors that possess hereditary BRCA mutations. Therefore, screening for these mutations in CCA patients is beneficial to predict tumor sensitivity and response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy such as platinum agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Yara Kassis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Maria Cr Hachem
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Zouein
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Gharios
- Department of General Surgery, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
| | - Hampig R Kourie
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad el Solh Beirut, 11-5076, Lebanon
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Biegała Ł, Gajek A, Marczak A, Rogalska A. Olaparib-Resistant BRCA2MUT Ovarian Cancer Cells with Restored BRCA2 Abrogate Olaparib-Induced DNA Damage and G2/M Arrest Controlled by the ATR/CHK1 Pathway for Survival. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071038. [PMID: 37048111 PMCID: PMC10093185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is currently the drug of choice for serous ovarian cancer (OC), especially in patients with homologous recombination (HR) repair deficiency associated with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations. Unfortunately, OC patients who fail to respond to PARPi or relapse after treatment have limited therapeutic options. To elucidate olaparib resistance and enhance the efficacy of olaparib, intracellular factors exploited by OC cells to achieve decreased sensitivity to PARPi were examined. An olaparib-resistant OC cell line, PEO1-OR, was established from BRCA2MUT PEO1 cells. The anticancer activity and action of olaparib combined with inhibitors of the ATR/CHK1 pathway (ceralasertib as ATRi, MK-8776 as CHK1i) in olaparib-sensitive and -resistant OC cell lines were evaluated. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that PEO1-OR cells acquire resistance through subclonal enrichment of BRCA2 secondary mutations that restore functional full-length protein. Moreover, PEO1-OR cells upregulate HR repair-promoting factors (BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51) and PARP1. Olaparib-inducible activation of the ATR/CHK1 pathway and G2/M arrest is abrogated in olaparib-resistant cells. Drug sensitivity assays revealed that PEO1-OR cells are less sensitive to ATRi and CHK1i agents. Combined treatment is less effective in olaparib-resistant cells considering inhibition of metabolic activity, colony formation, survival, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, and chromosomal aberrations. However, synergistic antitumor activity between compounds is achievable in PEO1-OR cells. Collectively, olaparib-resistant cells display co-existing HR repair-related mechanisms that confer resistance to olaparib, which may be effectively utilized to resensitize them to PARPi via combination therapy. Importantly, the addition of ATR/CHK1 pathway inhibitors to olaparib has the potential to overcome acquired resistance to PARPi.
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238
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Langelier MF, Lin X, Zha S, Pascal JM. Clinical PARP inhibitors allosterically induce PARP2 retention on DNA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7175. [PMID: 36961901 PMCID: PMC10038340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 and PARP2 detect DNA breaks, which activates their catalytic production of poly(ADP-ribose) that recruits repair factors and contributes to PARP1/2 release from DNA. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are used in cancer treatment and target PARP1/2 catalytic activity, interfering with repair and increasing PARP1/2 persistence on DNA damage. In addition, certain PARPi exert allosteric effects that increase PARP1 retention on DNA. However, no clinical PARPi exhibit this allosteric behavior toward PARP1. In contrast, we show that certain clinical PARPi exhibit an allosteric effect that retains PARP2 on DNA breaks in a manner that depends on communication between the catalytic and DNA binding regions. Using a PARP2 mutant that mimics an allosteric inhibitor effect, we observed increased PARP2 retention at cellular damage sites. The PARPi AZD5305 also exhibited a clear reverse allosteric effect on PARP2. Our results can help explain the toxicity of clinical PARPi and suggest ways to improve PARPi moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Langelier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - John M. Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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239
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Patterson A, Elbasir A, Tian B, Auslander N. Computational Methods Summarizing Mutational Patterns in Cancer: Promise and Limitations for Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071958. [PMID: 37046619 PMCID: PMC10093138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the rise of next-generation sequencing technologies, the catalogue of mutations in cancer has been continuously expanding. To address the complexity of the cancer-genomic landscape and extract meaningful insights, numerous computational approaches have been developed over the last two decades. In this review, we survey the current leading computational methods to derive intricate mutational patterns in the context of clinical relevance. We begin with mutation signatures, explaining first how mutation signatures were developed and then examining the utility of studies using mutation signatures to correlate environmental effects on the cancer genome. Next, we examine current clinical research that employs mutation signatures and discuss the potential use cases and challenges of mutation signatures in clinical decision-making. We then examine computational studies developing tools to investigate complex patterns of mutations beyond the context of mutational signatures. We survey methods to identify cancer-driver genes, from single-driver studies to pathway and network analyses. In addition, we review methods inferring complex combinations of mutations for clinical tasks and using mutations integrated with multi-omics data to better predict cancer phenotypes. We examine the use of these tools for either discovery or prediction, including prediction of tumor origin, treatment outcomes, prognosis, and cancer typing. We further discuss the main limitations preventing widespread clinical integration of computational tools for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We end by proposing solutions to address these challenges using recent advances in machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Patterson
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bin Tian
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noam Auslander
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Sohn EJ, Goralsky JA, Shay JW, Min J. The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071945. [PMID: 37046606 PMCID: PMC10093677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As detailed by the end replication problem, the linear ends of a cell's chromosomes, known as telomeres, shorten with each successive round of replication until a cell enters into a state of growth arrest referred to as senescence. To maintain their immortal proliferation capacity, cancer cells must employ a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as telomerase activation or the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres pathway (ALT). With only 10-15% of cancers utilizing the ALT mechanism, progress towards understanding its molecular components and associated hallmarks has only recently been made. This review analyzes the advances towards understanding the ALT pathway by: (1) detailing the mechanisms associated with engaging the ALT pathway as well as (2) identifying potential therapeutic targets of ALT that may lead to novel cancer therapeutic treatments. Collectively, these studies indicate that the ALT molecular mechanisms involve at least two distinct pathways induced by replication stress and damage at telomeres. We suggest exploiting tumor dependency on ALT is a promising field of study because it suggests new approaches to ALT-specific therapies for cancers with poorer prognosis. While substantial progress has been made in the ALT research field, additional progress will be required to realize these advances into clinical practices to treat ALT cancers and improve patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Sohn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia A Goralsky
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, USA
| | - Jaewon Min
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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241
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Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
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242
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Beniey M, Hubert A, Haque T, Cotte AK, Béchir N, Zhang X, Tran-Thanh D, Hassan S. Sequential targeting of PARP with carboplatin inhibits primary tumour growth and distant metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1964-1975. [PMID: 36941406 PMCID: PMC10147920 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop early recurrence. While PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated potential in BRCA1/2-mutant (BRCAMUT) TNBC, durable responses will likely be achieved if PARPi are used in combination. It is plausible that sequential administration of a potent PARPi like talazoparib in combination with carboplatin can enhance primary tumour and metastasis inhibition in BRCAMUT and BRCA1/2 wild-type (BRCAWT) TNBCs, and decrease toxicity. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the concurrent combination of talazoparib and carboplatin on cell survival in 13 TNBC cell lines. We compared the concurrent and sequential combination upon fork replication, migration and invasion. We also used three orthotopic xenograft models to evaluate primary tumour growth, distant metastasis, and toxicity. RESULTS Concurrent talazoparib and carboplatin was synergistic in 92.3% of TNBC cell lines, independent of BRCA1/2-mutation status. The sequential combination decreased fork speed in normal cells, but not in TNBC cells. The talazoparib-first sequential combination resulted in a strong reduction in migration (70.4%, P < 0.0001), invasion (56.9%, P < 0.0001), lung micrometastasis (56.4%, P < 0.0001), and less toxicity in a BRCAWT model. CONCLUSION The sequential combination of talazoparib and carboplatin is an effective approach to inhibit micrometastatic disease, providing rationale for the use of this combination in early TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Beniey
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Takrima Haque
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexia Karen Cotte
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelly Béchir
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danh Tran-Thanh
- Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saima Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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243
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Tisseverasinghe S, Bahoric B, Anidjar M, Probst S, Niazi T. Advances in PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061849. [PMID: 36980735 PMCID: PMC10046616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase plays an essential role in cell function by regulating apoptosis, genomic stability and DNA repair. PARPi is a promising drug class that has gained significant traction in the last decade with good outcomes in different cancers. Several trials have sought to test its effectiveness in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current role of PARPi in this setting. To this effect, we conducted queries in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. We reviewed and compared all major contemporary publications on the topic. In particular, recent phase II and III studies have also demonstrated the benefits of olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib in CRPC. Drug effectiveness has been assessed through radiological progression or overall response. Given the notion of synthetic lethality and potential synergy with other oncological therapies, several trials are looking to integrate PARPi in combined therapies. There remains ongoing controversy on the need for genetic screening prior to treatment initiation as well as the optimal patient population, which would benefit most from PARPi. PARPi is an important asset in the oncological arsenal for mCRPC. New combinations with PARPi may improve outcomes in earlier phases of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Bahoric
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Maurice Anidjar
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stephan Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tamim Niazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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244
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Yao W, Chen X, Fan B, Zeng L, Zhou Z, Mao Z, Shen Q. Multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Current landscape and future prospects. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1077605. [PMID: 37007078 PMCID: PMC10050556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer has not been completely clear, there is no highly sensitive and specific detection method, so early diagnosis is very difficult. Despite the rapid development of tumor diagnosis and treatment, it is difficult to break through in the short term and the overall 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is less than 8%. In the face of the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer, in addition to strengthening basic research, exploring its etiology and pathogenesis, it is urgent to optimize the existing diagnosis and treatment methods through standard multidisciplinary team (MDT), and formulate personalized treatment plan to achieve the purpose of improving the curative effect. However, there are some problems in MDT, such as insufficient understanding and enthusiasm of some doctors, failure to operate MDT according to the system, lack of good communication between domestic and foreign peers, and lack of attention in personnel training and talent echelon construction. It is expected to protect the rights and interests of doctors in the future and ensure the continuous operation of MDT. To strengthen the research on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, MDT can try the Internet +MDT mode to improve the efficiency of MDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Yao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinglin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Qinglin Shen,
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245
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Lapini A, Caffo O, Conti GN, Pappagallo G, Del Re M, D'Angelillo RM, Capoluongo ED, Castiglione F, Brunelli M, Iacovelli R, De Giorgi U, Bracarda S. Matching BRCA and prostate cancer in a public health system: Report of the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) consensus project. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 184:103959. [PMID: 36921782 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of metastatic -castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with BRCA mutations firstly introduced the possibility of proposing a targeted treatment in this disease. However, the availability of this therapeutic option raises a number of questions concerning the management of prostate cancer in everyday clinical practice: the timing and method of detecting BRCA mutations, the therapeutic implications of the detection, and the screening of the members of the family of a prostate cancer patient with a BRCA alteration. These challenging issues led the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) to organise a Consensus Conference aimed to develop suggestions capable of supporting clinicians managing prostate cancer patients. The present paper described the development of the statements discussed during the consensus, which involved all of the most important Italian scientific societies engaged in the multi-disciplinary and multi-professional management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lapini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'Oro, 38122 Trento, Italy.
| | - Giario Natale Conti
- Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIURO), Via Dante 17, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pappagallo
- IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria", Viale Luigi Rizzardi, 4, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rolando Maria D'Angelillo
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Domenico Capoluongo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genomics, Azienda Ospedaliera per L'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Castiglione
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Via Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Sergio Bracarda
- Medical and Translational Oncology, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Viale Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy
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246
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Ovarian Cancer—Insights into Platinum Resistance and Overcoming It. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030544. [PMID: 36984544 PMCID: PMC10057458 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the backbone of treatment for ovarian cancer, and although the majority of patients initially have a platinum-sensitive disease, through multiple recurrences, they will acquire resistance. Platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and few treatment options with limited efficacy. Resistance to platinum compounds is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms pertaining not only to the tumoral cell but also to the tumoral microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism involved in ovarian cancer cells’ resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, focusing on the alteration of drug influx and efflux pathways, DNA repair, the dysregulation of epigenetic modulation, and the involvement of the tumoral microenvironment in the acquisition of the platinum-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, we review promising alternative treatment approaches that may improve these patients’ poor prognosis, discussing current strategies, novel combinations, and therapeutic agents.
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247
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Wang L, Wang P, Chen X, Yang H, Song S, Song Z, Jia L, Chen H, Bao X, Guo N, Huan X, Xi Y, Shen Y, Yang X, Su Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Ding J, Lang J, Miao Z, Zhang A, He J. Thioparib inhibits homologous recombination repair, activates the type I IFN response, and overcomes olaparib resistance. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16235. [PMID: 36652375 PMCID: PMC9994488 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have shown great promise for treating BRCA-deficient tumors. However, over 40% of BRCA-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. Here, we report that thioparib, a next-generation PARPi with high affinity against multiple PARPs, including PARP1, PARP2, and PARP7, displays high antitumor activities against PARPi-sensitive and -resistant cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Thioparib treatment elicited PARP1-dependent DNA damage and replication stress, causing S-phase arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, thioparib strongly inhibited HR-mediated DNA repair while increasing RAD51 foci formation. Notably, the on-target inhibition of PARP7 by thioparib-activated STING/TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of STAT1, triggered a strong induction of type I interferons (IFNs), and resulted in tumor growth retardation in an immunocompetent mouse model. However, the inhibitory effect of thioparib on tumor growth was more pronounced in PARP1 knockout mice, suggesting that a specific PARP7 inhibitor, rather than a pan inhibitor such as thioparib, would be more relevant for clinical applications. Finally, genome-scale CRISPR screening identified PARP1 and MCRS1 as genes capable of modulating thioparib sensitivity. Taken together, thioparib, a next-generation PARPi acting on both DNA damage response and antitumor immunity, serves as a therapeutic potential for treating hyperactive HR tumors, including those resistant to earlier-generation PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Evolution and Marine BiodiversityOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xiao‐Min Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shan‐Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zilan Song
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ne Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xia‐Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xin‐Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Yu Lang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ze‐Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Pharm‐X Center, School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin‐Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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248
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Concannon K, Morris BB, Gay CM, Byers LA. Combining targeted DNA repair inhibition and immune-oncology approaches for enhanced tumor control. Mol Cell 2023; 83:660-680. [PMID: 36669489 PMCID: PMC9992136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the ability of cancer to evade the immune system remains a major barrier for effective treatment. Related to this, several targeted DNA-damage response inhibitors (DDRis) are being tested in the clinic and have been shown to potentiate anti-tumor immune responses. Seminal studies have shown that these agents are highly effective in a pan-cancer class of tumors with genetic defects in key DNA repair genes such as BRCA1/2, BRCA-related genes, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and others. Here, we review the molecular consequences of targeted DDR inhibition, from tumor cell death to increased engagement of the anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, we discuss mechanistic and clinical rationale for pairing targeted DDRis with immunotherapy for enhanced tumor control. We also review biomarkers for patient selection and promising new immunotherapy approaches poised to form the foundation of next-generation DDRi and immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Concannon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin B Morris
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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249
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Zhang D, Shimokawa T, Guo Q, Dan S, Miki Y, Sunada S. Discovery of novel DNA-damaging agents through phenotypic screening for DNA double-strand break. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1108-1117. [PMID: 36385507 PMCID: PMC9986057 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) seriously damage DNA and promote genomic instability that can lead to cell death. They are the source of conditions such as carcinogenesis and aging, but also have important applications in cancer therapy. Therefore, rapid detection and quantification of DSBs in cells are necessary for identifying carcinogenic and anticancer factors. In this study, we detected DSBs using a flow cytometry-based high-throughput method to analyze γH2AX intensity. We screened a chemical library containing 9600 compounds and detected multiple DNA-damaging compounds, although we could not identify mechanisms of action through this procedure. Thus, we also profiled a representative compound with the highest DSB potential, DNA-damaging agent-1 (DDA-1), using a bioinformatics-based method we termed "molecular profiling." Prediction and verification analysis revealed DDA-1 as a potential inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, different from known inhibitors such as etoposide and doxorubicin. Additional investigation of DDA-1 analogs and xenograft models suggested that DDA-1 is a potential anticancer drug. In conclusion, our findings established that combining high-throughput DSB detection and molecular profiling to undertake phenotypic analysis is a viable method for efficient identification of novel DNA-damaging compounds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Sunada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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250
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Jiménez-Vacas JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Sáez-Martínez P, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Closa A, González-Serrano T, Martínez-López A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, López-Casas PP, Sarmento-Cabral A, Olmos D, Eyras E, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Tumor suppressor role of RBM22 in prostate cancer acting as a dual-factor regulating alternative splicing and transcription of key oncogenic genes. Transl Res 2023; 253:68-79. [PMID: 36089245 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among men. Consequently, the identification of novel molecular targets for treatment is urgently needed to improve patients' outcomes. Our group recently reported that some elements of the cellular machinery controlling alternative-splicing might be useful as potential novel therapeutic tools against advanced PCa. However, the presence and functional role of RBM22, a key spliceosome component, in PCa remains unknown. Therefore, RBM22 levels were firstly interrogated in 3 human cohorts and 2 preclinical mouse models (TRAMP/Pbsn-Myc). Results were validated in in silico using 2 additional cohorts. Then, functional effects in response to RBM22 overexpression (proliferation, migration, tumorspheres/colonies formation) were tested in PCa models in vitro (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3 cell-lines) and in vivo (xenograft). High throughput methods (ie, RNA-seq, nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel) were performed in RBM22 overexpressing cells and xenograft tumors. We found that RBM22 levels were down-regulated (mRNA and protein) in PCa samples, and were inversely associated with key clinical aggressiveness features. Consistently, a gradual reduction of RBM22 from non-tumor to poorly differentiated PCa samples was observed in transgenic models (TRAMP/Pbsn-Myc). Notably, RBM22 overexpression decreased aggressiveness features in vitro, and in vivo. These actions were associated with the splicing dysregulation of numerous genes and to the downregulation of critical upstream regulators of cell-cycle (i.e., CDK1/CCND1/EPAS1). Altogether, our data demonstrate that RBM22 plays a critical pathophysiological role in PCa and invites to suggest that targeting negative regulators of RBM22 expression/activity could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Adrià Closa
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Teresa González-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-López
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro P López-Casas
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - David Olmos
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Eyras
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; EMBL Australia Partner Laboratory Network at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies. Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
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