201
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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202
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Paneni F, Beckman JA, Creager MA, Cosentino F. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:2436-43. [PMID: 23641007 PMCID: PMC3743069 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are key players in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. A large body of evidence suggest that metabolic abnormalities cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, ROS, via endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, play a major role in precipitating diabetic vascular disease. A better understanding of ROS-generating pathways may provide the basis to develop novel therapeutic strategies against vascular complications in this setting. Part I of this review will focus on the most current advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular disease: (i) emerging role of endothelium in obesity-induced insulin resistance; (ii) hyperglycemia-dependent microRNAs deregulation and impairment of vascular repair capacities; (iii) alterations of coagulation, platelet reactivity, and microparticle release; (iv) epigenetic-driven transcription of ROS-generating and proinflammatory genes. Taken together these novel insights point to the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies as a promising option to prevent cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paneni
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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203
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Cosentino C, Mostoslavsky R. Metabolism, longevity and epigenetics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1525-41. [PMID: 23467663 PMCID: PMC3625512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis and interventions that influence nutrient uptake are well-established means to influence lifespan even in higher eukaryotes. Until recently, the molecular mechanisms explaining such an effect remained scantily understood. Sirtuins are a group of protein deacetylases that depend on the metabolic intermediate NAD(+) as a cofactor for their function. For this reason they sense metabolic stress and in turn function at multiple levels to exert proper metabolic adaptation. Among other things, sirtuins can perform as histone deacetylases inducing epigenetic changes to modulate transcription and DNA repair. Recent studies have indicated that beyond sirtuins, the activity of other chromatin modifiers, such as histone acetyl transferases, might also be tightly linked to the availability of their intermediate metabolite acetyl-CoA. We summarize current knowledge of the emerging concepts indicating close crosstalk between the epigenetic machineries able to sense metabolic stress, their adaptive metabolic responses and their potential role in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cosentino
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center-Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center-Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA USA
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204
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Beckman JA, Paneni F, Cosentino F, Creager MA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part II. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:2444-52. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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205
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Chen HZ, Wan YZ, Liu DP. Cross-talk between SIRT1 and p66Shc in vascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 23:237-41. [PMID: 23499302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress can occur through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reduced anti-oxidant potentials under pathophysiological conditions and plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Adapter protein p66Shc has the property to directly stimulate mitochondrial ROS generation by an oxidoreductase activity. A growing body of evidence implies that p66Shc plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of age-related vascular diseases. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), has also been implicated in protection against vascular aging and age-related vascular diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that SIRT1 protects blood vessels from hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction through a novel mechanism involving the downregulation of p66Shc expression. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk between these two longevity genes as a mechanism of preventing vascular diseases by involving anti-oxidative stress responses and inhibiting endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
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206
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Liu J, Wu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Bu P, Zhang Q, Jiang F. Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Functional Importance of Sirt2 in Endothelial Cells under Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5633-49. [PMID: 23478437 PMCID: PMC3634502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylases Sirt1 and Sirt2 mediate cellular stress responses and are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. In contrast to the well-documented protective actions of Sirt1, the role of endothelial Sirt2 remains unknown. Using cDNA microarray and PCR validation, we examined global gene expression changes in response to Sirt2 knock down in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells under oxidative stress. We found that Sirt2 knock down changed expression of 340 genes, which are mainly involved in cellular processes including actin binding, cellular amino acid metabolic process, transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling, ferrous iron transport, protein transport and localization, cell morphogenesis, and functions associated with endosome membrane and the trans-Golgi network. These genes and associated functions were largely non-overlapping with those altered by Sirt1 knock down. Moreover, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of Sirt2 attenuated oxidant-induced cell toxicity in endothelial cells. These suggest that Sirt2 is functionally important in endothelial cells under oxidative stress, and may have a primarily distinct role as compared to Sirt1. Our results may provide a basis for future studies aiming to dissect the specific signaling pathway(s) that mediates specific Sirt2 functions in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peili Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (P.B.); (Q.Z.); (F.J.); Tel.: +86-531-8216-9267 (F.J.); Fax: +86-531-8616-9356 (F.J.)
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (P.B.); (Q.Z.); (F.J.); Tel.: +86-531-8216-9267 (F.J.); Fax: +86-531-8616-9356 (F.J.)
| | - Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; E-Mails: (J.L.); (X.Wu.); (X.Wa.); (Y.Z.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (P.B.); (Q.Z.); (F.J.); Tel.: +86-531-8216-9267 (F.J.); Fax: +86-531-8616-9356 (F.J.)
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207
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Morris BJ. Seven sirtuins for seven deadly diseases of aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 56:133-71. [PMID: 23104101 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases having beneficial health effects. This extensive review describes the numerous intracellular actions of the seven mammalian sirtuins, their protein targets, intracellular localization, the pathways they modulate, and their role in common diseases of aging. Selective pharmacological targeting of sirtuins is of current interest in helping to alleviate global disease burden. Since all sirtuins are activated by NAD(+), strategies that boost NAD(+) in cells are of interest. While most is known about SIRT1, the functions of the six other sirtuins are now emerging. Best known is the involvement of sirtuins in helping cells adapt energy output to match energy requirements. SIRT1 and some of the other sirtuins enhance fat metabolism and modulate mitochondrial respiration to optimize energy harvesting. The AMP kinase/SIRT1-PGC-1α-PPAR axis and mitochondrial sirtuins appear pivotal to maintaining mitochondrial function. Downregulation with aging explains much of the pathophysiology that accumulates with aging. Posttranslational modifications of sirtuins and their substrates affect specificity. Although SIRT1 activation seems not to affect life span, activation of some of the other sirtuins might. Since sirtuins are crucial to pathways that counter the decline in health that accompanies aging, pharmacological agents that boost sirtuin activity have clinical potential in treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and other conditions. In cancer, however, SIRT1 inhibitors could have therapeutic value. Nutraceuticals such as resveratrol have a multiplicity of actions besides sirtuin activation. Their net health benefit and relative safety may have originated from the ability of animals to survive environmental changes by utilizing these stress resistance chemicals in the diet during evolution. Each sirtuin forms a key hub to the intracellular pathways affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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208
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Sebastián C, Satterstrom FK, Haigis MC, Mostoslavsky R. From sirtuin biology to human diseases: an update. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42444-52. [PMID: 23086954 PMCID: PMC3522245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.402768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally rising to notoriety for their role in the regulation of aging, sirtuins are a family of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes that have been connected to a steadily growing set of biological processes. In addition to regulating aging, sirtuins play key roles in the maintenance of organismal metabolic homeostasis. These enzymes also have primarily protective functions in the development of many age-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. In this minireview, we provide an update on the known roles for each of the seven mammalian sirtuins in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sebastián
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - F. Kyle Satterstrom
- the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
- the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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209
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Jia Y, Gao P, Chen H, Wan Y, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Yang R, Wang X, Xu J, Liu D. SIRT1 suppresses PMA and ionomycin-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 56:19-25. [PMID: 23238746 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in the recruitment of leukocytes to the endothelium, which causes inflammation and initiation of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown that endothelium-specific over-expression of class III deacetylase SIRT1 decreases atherosclerosis. We therefore addressed the hypothesis that SIRT1 suppresses ICAM-1 expression in the endothelial cells. Here, we found that expression of SIRT1 and ICAM-1 was significantly induced by PMA and ionomycin (PMA/Io) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of SIRT1 significantly inhibited PMA/Io-induced ICAM-1 expression in HUVECs. Knockdown of SIRT1 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in increased expression of ICAM-1 in HUVECs. Luciferase report assay showed that over-expression of SIRT1 suppressed ICAM-1 promoter activity both in basic and in PMA/Io-induced conditions. We further found that SIRT1 was involved in transcription complex binding on the ICAM-1 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Furthermore, SIRT1 RNAi increased NF-κB p65 binding ability to the ICAM-1 promoter by ChIP assays. Overall, these data suggests that SIRT1 inhibits ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, which may contribute to its anti-atherosclerosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuYan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
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210
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Yuen DA, Zhang Y, Thai K, Spring C, Chan L, Guo X, Advani A, Sivak JM, Gilbert RE. Angiogenic dysfunction in bone marrow-derived early outgrowth cells from diabetic animals is attenuated by SIRT1 activation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012; 1:921-6. [PMID: 23283553 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired endothelial repair is a key contributor to microvascular rarefaction and consequent end-organ dysfunction in diabetes. Recent studies suggest an important role for bone marrow-derived early outgrowth cells (EOCs) in mediating endothelial repair, but the function of these cells is impaired in diabetes, as in advanced age. We sought to determine whether diabetes-associated EOC dysfunction might be attenuated by pharmacological activation of silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1), a lysine deacetylase implicated in nutrient-dependent life span extension in mammals. Despite being cultured in normal (5.5 mM) glucose for 7 days, EOCs from diabetic rats expressed less SIRT1 mRNA, induced less endothelial tube formation in vitro and neovascularization in vivo, and secreted less of the proangiogenic ELR(+) CXC chemokines CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL5. Ex vivo SIRT1 activation restored EOC chemokine secretion and increased the in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activity of EOC conditioned medium derived from diabetic animals to levels similar to that derived from control animals. These findings suggest a pivotal role for SIRT1 in diabetes-induced EOC dysfunction and that its pharmacologic activation may provide a new strategy for the restoration of EOC-mediated repair mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Corneal Neovascularization/pathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microcirculation/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren A Yuen
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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211
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Williams R. Circulation Research
“In This Issue” Anthology. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/res.0b013e31826f7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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212
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Circulation Research
Thematic Synopsis. Circ Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.281030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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213
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Wang Y, Xu C, Liang Y, Vanhoutte PM. SIRT1 in metabolic syndrome: where to target matters. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:305-18. [PMID: 22939883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the mammalian ortholog of yeast Sir2p, is a highly conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has emerged as a key cardiometabolic regulator. During the past decade, Sir2p has been the focus of intense investigations and discussion because it regulates longevity in yeast, worms and flies. Although the extrapolation of data obtained from yeast Sir2p to mammalian SIRT1 cannot be automatic, animal studies provide convincing evidence that SIRT1 is a potent protector against aging-associated pathologies, in particular metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, many exciting connections exist between the protein deacetylation function of SIRT1 and its role in fundamental biological responses to various nutritional and environmental signals. As a result, pharmaceutical and nutriceutical interventions targeting SIRT1 are promising strategies to combat aging-associated diseases. The present review summarizes the recent progress in SIRT1 research with a particular focus on the specificities of this protein in individual tissues as they relate to cardiometabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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214
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215
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Chen H, Wan Y, Zhou S, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Chen F, Hao D, Zhao X, Guo Z, Liu D, Liang C. Endothelium-specific SIRT1 overexpression inhibits hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of vascular cell senescence. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:467-73. [PMID: 22744176 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is one of the most serious and challenging health problems in the 21st century. Mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been shown to decrease high-glucose-induced endothelial cell senescence in vitro and prevent hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. However, a role for SIRT1 in prevention of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence in vivo remains unclear. We used endothelium-specific SIRT1 transgenic (SIRT1-Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to construct a 40-week streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. In this mode, 42.9% of wild-type (WT) mice and 38.5% of SIRT1-Tg mice were successfully established as diabetic. Forty weeks of hyperglycemia induced significant vascular cell senescence in aortas of mice, as indicated by upregulation of expression of senescence-associated markers including p53, p21 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). However, SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice displayed dramatically decreased expression of p53, p21 and PAI-1 compared with diabetic WT mice. Moreover, manganese superoxide dismutase expression (MnSOD) was significantly downregulated in the aortas of diabetic WT mice, but was preserved in diabetic SIRT1-Tg mice. Furthermore, expression of the oxidative stress adaptor p66Shc was significantly decreased in aortas of SIRT1-Tg diabetic mice compared with WT diabetic mice. Overall, these findings suggest that SIRT1-mediated inhibition of hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence is mediated at least partly through the reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzao Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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216
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Abstract
Blood vessels form the first organ in the developing embryo and build extensive networks that supply all cells with nutrients and oxygen throughout life. As blood vessels get older, they often become abnormal in structure and function, thereby contributing to numerous age-associated diseases including ischemic heart and brain disease, neurodegeneration, or cancer. First described as regulators of the aging process in invertebrate model organisms, Forkhead box "O" (FOXO) transcription factors and sirtuin deacetylases are now emerging as key regulators of mammalian vascular development and disease. The integration of individual FOXO and sirtuin family members into various aspects of vessel growth, maintenance, and function provides new perspectives on disease mechanisms of aging, the most important risk factor for medical maladies of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Oellerich
- Vascular Epigenetics Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
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217
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Abstract
Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction likely contribute to the increased prevalence of both cardiovascular diseases and their adverse sequelae in the elderly. Angiogenesis is both an essential adaptive response to physiological stress and an endogenous repair mechanism after ischemic injury. In addition, induction of angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic diseases. For these reasons, understanding the basis of age-related impairment of angiogenesis and endothelial function has important implications for understanding and managing cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that contribute to impaired angiogenesis in the elderly and potential therapeutic approaches to improving vascular function and angiogenesis in aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lähteenvuo
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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218
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Paneni F, Mocharla P, Akhmedov A, Costantino S, Osto E, Volpe M, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F. Gene silencing of the mitochondrial adaptor p66(Shc) suppresses vascular hyperglycemic memory in diabetes. Circ Res 2012; 111:278-89. [PMID: 22693349 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.266593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperglycemic memory may explain why intensive glucose control has failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes. Indeed, hyperglycemia promotes vascular dysfunction even after glucose normalization. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the role of mitochondrial adaptor p66(Shc) in this setting. METHODS AND RESULTS In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to high glucose and aortas of diabetic mice, activation of p66(Shc) by protein kinase C βII (PKCβII) persisted after returning to normoglycemia. Persistent p66(Shc) upregulation and mitochondrial translocation were associated with continued reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and apoptosis. We show that p66(Shc) gene overexpression was epigenetically regulated by promoter CpG hypomethylation and general control nonderepressible 5-induced histone 3 acetylation. Furthermore, p66(Shc)-derived ROS production maintained PKCβII upregulation and PKCβII-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at Thr-495, leading to a detrimental vicious cycle despite restoration of normoglycemia. Moreover, p66(Shc) activation accounted for the persistent elevation of the advanced glycated end product precursor methylglyoxal. In vitro and in vivo gene silencing of p66(Shc), performed at the time of glucose normalization, blunted ROS production, restored endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and attenuated apoptosis by limiting cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activity, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. CONCLUSIONS p66(Shc) is the key effector driving vascular hyperglycemic memory in diabetes. Our study provides molecular insights for the progression of diabetic vascular complications despite glycemic control and may help to define novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paneni
- Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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219
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Menegazzo L, Albiero M, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus. Biofactors 2012; 38:194-202. [PMID: 22488933 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to its negative impact on the vascular endothelium. The damaged endothelium is repaired by resident cells also through the contribution of a population of circulating cells derived from bone marrow. These cells, termed endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in maintaining endothelial homeostasis and contributes to the formation of new blood vessels with a process called postnatal vasculogenesis. The mechanisms whereby these cells allow for protection of the cardiovascular system are still unclear; nevertheless, consistent evidences have shown that impairment and reduction of EPCs are hallmark features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, EPC alterations might have a pathogenic role in diabetic complications, thus becoming a potential therapeutic target. In this review, EPC alterations will be examined in the context of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, highlighting their roles and functions in the progression of the disease.
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220
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Zhang Z, Chen H, Liu D. Translational research: Lessons from past research, growing up nowadays, and development goal in future. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 54:1085-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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