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Chen M, Huang L, Zhang W, Shi J, Lin X, Lv Z, Zhang W, Liang R, Jiang S. MiR-23b controls TGF-β1 induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via TGFβR2/p-Smad3 signals. Mol Immunol 2015; 70:84-93. [PMID: 26748386 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal proliferation of ASM (airway smooth muscle) directly contributes to the airway remodeling during development of lung diseases such as asthma. Here we report that a specific microRNA (miR-23b) controls ASMCs proliferation through directly inhibiting TGFβR2/p-Smad3 pathway. METHODS The expression of miR-23b in ASMCs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of miR-23b on cell proliferation and apoptosis of ASMCs were assessed by transient transfection of miR-23b mimics and inhibitor. The target gene of miR-23b and the downstream pathway were further investigated. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-23b significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced ASMCs proliferation and promoted apoptosis. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed miR-23b negatively regulates the expression of TGFβR2 and p-Smad3 in ASMCs. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that TGFβR2 was a direct and functional target of miR-23b, which was validated by the dual luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS MiR-23b may function as an inhibitor of airway smooth muscle cells proliferation through inactivation of TGFβR2/p-Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Linjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geratology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jianting Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Ruiyun Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, China.
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Wilhelm CP, Chipps BE. Bronchial thermoplasty: a review of the evidence. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 116:92-8. [PMID: 26654482 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelle Pope Wilhelm
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
| | - Bradley E Chipps
- Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center, Sacramento, California
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203
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Lezmi G, Gosset P, Deschildre A, Abou-Taam R, Mahut B, Beydon N, de Blic J. Airway Remodeling in Preschool Children with Severe Recurrent Wheeze. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:164-71. [PMID: 25961111 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201411-1958oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Airway wall structure in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze is poorly described. OBJECTIVES To describe airway wall structure and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze. METHODS Flexible bronchoscopy was performed in two groups of preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze: group 1, less than or equal to 36 months (n = 20); group 2, 36-59 months (n = 29). We assessed airway inflammation, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness, airway smooth muscle (ASM), mucus gland area, vascularity, and epithelial integrity. Comparisons were then made with biopsies from 21 previously described schoolchildren with severe asthma (group 3, 5-11.2 yr). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS RBM thickness was lower in group 1 than in group 2 (3.3 vs. 3.9 μm; P = 0.02), was correlated with age (P < 0.01; ρ = 0.62), and was higher in schoolchildren than in preschoolers (6.8 vs. 3.8 μm; P < 0.01). ASM area was lower in preschoolers than in schoolchildren (9.8% vs. 16.5%; P < 0.01). Vascularity was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.02) and group 3 (P < 0.05). Mucus gland area was higher in preschoolers than in schoolchildren (16.4% vs. 4.6%; P < 0.01). Inflammatory cell counts in biopsies were not correlated with airway wall structure. ASM area was higher in preschoolers with atopy than without atopy (13.1% vs. 7.7%; P = 0.01). Airway morphometrics and inflammation were similar in viral and multiple-trigger wheezers. CONCLUSIONS In preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze, markers of remodeling and inflammation are unrelated, and atopy is associated with ASM. In the absence of control subjects, we cannot determine whether differences observed in RBM thickness and vascularity result from disease or normal age-related development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lezmi
- 1 AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- 3 Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,4 Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.,5 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,6 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France.,7 Institut Fédératif de la Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Deschildre
- 8 Unité de Pneumologie-Allergologie Pédiatrique, Clinique de Pédiatrie Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Rola Abou-Taam
- 1 AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Beydon
- 10 APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Jacques de Blic
- 1 AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Acosta-Herrera M, Pino-Yanes M, Ma SF, Barreto-Luis A, Corrales A, Cumplido J, Pérez-Rodríguez E, Campo P, Eng C, García-Robaina JC, Quintela I, Villar J, Blanca M, Carracedo Á, Carrillo T, Garcia JGN, Torgerson DG, Burchard EG, Flores C. Fine mapping of the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene replicates the association with asthma in populations of Spanish descent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1116-8.e9. [PMID: 26025125 PMCID: PMC4699578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network (MODERN), Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Amalia Barreto-Luis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Almudena Corrales
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Cumplido
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Campo
- U.G.C. Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CEGEN-ISCIII-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network (MODERN), Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- U.G.C. Allergy, Regional University Hospital of Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Fundación Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Carrillo
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Dara G Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Carlos Flores
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain; Applied Genomics Group (G2A), Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Effect of Reducing Field of View on Multidetector Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters of Airway Wall Thickness in Asthma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:584-90. [PMID: 25938213 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reduced the computed tomography (CT)-reconstructed field of view (FOV), increasing pixel density across airway structures and reducing partial volume effects, to determine whether this would improve accuracy of airway wall thickness quantification. METHODS We performed CT imaging on a lung phantom and 29 participants. Images were reconstructed at 30-, 15-, and 10-cm FOV using a medium-smooth kernel. Cross-sectional airway dimensions were compared at each FOV with repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Phantom measurements were more accurate when FOV decreased from 30 to 15 cm (P < 0.05). Decreasing FOV further to 10 cm did not significantly improve accuracy. Human airway measurements similarly decreased by decreasing FOV (P < 0.001). Percent changes in all measurements when reducing FOV from 30 to 15 cm were less than 3%. CONCLUSIONS Airway measurements at 30-cm FOV are near the limits of CT resolution using a medium-smooth kernel. Reducing reconstructed FOV would minimally increase sensitivity to detect differences in airway dimensions.
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206
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Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Weitoft M, Nihlberg K, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Tufvesson E. iNOS affects matrix production in distal lung fibroblasts from patients with mild asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:64-71. [PMID: 26362859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high level of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a marker for inflammation in the airways of asthmatic subjects. However, little is known about how NO and inducible nitric oxides synthase (iNOS) activity may affect remodelling in the distal lung. We hypothesized that there is a link between iNOS and ongoing remodelling processes in the distal lung of mild asthmatics. METHODS Patients with mild asthma (n = 6) and healthy control subjects (n = 8) were included. Exhaled NO was measured at different flow rates and alveolar NO concentrations were calculated. For studies of remodelling processes in the distal lung, primary fibroblasts were grown from transbronchial biopsies and stimulated with unselective and selective NOS inhibitors or a NO donor. The mRNA expression of iNOS and synthesis of NO (indirectly as nitrite/nitrate) were measured and distal lung fibroblast synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteoglycans were analysed. RESULTS The distal lung fibroblasts expressed iNOS, and there was a tendency of higher expression in fibroblasts from patients with asthma. The selective iNOS inhibitor 1400 W inhibited iNOS expression and NO synthesis in fibroblasts from patients with asthma (p = 0.031). Treatment with 1400 W significantly increased synthesis of the proteoglycan versican (p = 0.018) in distal fibroblasts from patients with asthma whereas there were no effects in fibroblasts from control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that there is a link between iNOS and remodelling in the distal lung of subjects with mild asthma and that iNOS could have a modulatory role in pathological airway remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Weitoft
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristian Nihlberg
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Dombret MC, Alagha K, Boulet LP, Brillet PY, Joos G, Laviolette M, Louis R, Rochat T, Soccal P, Aubier M, Chanez P. Bronchial thermoplasty: a new therapeutic option for the treatment of severe, uncontrolled asthma in adults. Eur Respir Rev 2015; 23:510-8. [PMID: 25445950 DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial thermoplasty is a young yet promising treatment for severe asthma whose benefit for long-term asthma control outweighs the short-term risk of deterioration and hospitalisation in the days following the treatment. It is an innovative treatment whose clinical efficacy and safety are beginning to be better understood. Since this is a device-based therapy, the overall evaluation of risk-benefit is unlike that of pharmaceutical products; safety aspects, regulatory requirements, study design and effect size assessment may be unfamiliar. The mechanisms of action and optimal patient selection need to be addressed in further rigorous clinical and scientific studies. Bronchial thermoplasty fits in perfectly with the movement to expand personalised medicine in the field of chronic airway disorders. This is a device-based complimentary asthma treatment that must be supported and developed in order to meet the unmet needs of modern severe asthma management. The mechanisms of action and the type of patients that benefit from bronchial thermoplasty are the most important challenges for bronchial thermoplasty in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Dombret
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Khuder Alagha
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Louis Philippe Boulet
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Pierre Yves Brillet
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Guy Joos
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Renaud Louis
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Thierry Rochat
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Paola Soccal
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Michel Aubier
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bichat APHP, U700 INSERM University Hospitals Dept, Diderot University, Paris, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, APHM, INSERM U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, FranceResearch Centre at the Institute of Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CanadaDept of Radiology, Avicenne Public Hospital, Bobigny, France Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, Liege University Hospital, GIGAI3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDept of Respiratory Medicine, HUG Geneva, SwitzerlandBoth authors contributed equally
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Abstract
The pathological changes of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contribute to airway remodeling during asthma. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-145 on ASM function. We found that miR-145 was aberrantly more highly expressed in ASM cells exposed to cytokine stimulation that mimic the airway conditions of patients with asthma. Repression of miR-145 resulted in decreased ASM cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner and down-regulation of type I collagen and contractile protein MHC in ASM cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-145 negatively regulated the expression of downstream target Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) protein, and overexpression of KLF4 attenuated the effects of miR-145 on ASM cells. Further studies showed that KLF4 significantly up-regulated the expression of p21 and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9). In conclusion, miR-145 overexpression in ASM cells significantly inhibited KLF4, and subsequently affected downstream p21, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expressions, eventually leading to enhanced proliferation and migration of ASM cells in vitro.
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Lin TY, Venkatesan N, Nishioka M, Kyoh S, Al-Alwan L, Baglole CJ, Eidelman DH, Ludwig MS, Hamid Q. Monocyte-derived fibrocytes induce an inflammatory phenotype in airway smooth muscle cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1347-60. [PMID: 25255717 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltration of fibrocytes (FC) in the airway smooth muscle is a feature of asthma, but the pathological significance is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore whether FC modulate the phenotype of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in asthmatic vs. control subjects. METHODS Fibrocytes were isolated from CD14+ monocytes from asthmatic and normal subjects. Proliferation of ASMC of asthmatic or normal subjects was analysed by (3) H-thymidine incorporation, cell number counting and Ki-67 expression after treatment of ASMC with FC-conditioned medium (FCCM) or co-culture with FC. ASMC-associated cytokines/chemokines implicated in asthma (TGF-β1, eotaxin, IL-6 and IL-8) were measured in co-culture or transwell culture of ASMC + FC by ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to localize these cytokines in ASMC. Cytokine secretion was measured in the transwell culture of ASMC + FC, where NF-κB-p65 or ERK1/2 in ASMC was silenced by siRNA. Contractile phenotype of ASMC in transwell culture was assessed by immunoblotting of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). RESULTS Fibrocytes did not affect ASMC proliferation and expression of TGF-β1, eotaxin, α-SMA and MLCK; however, ASMC production of IL-8 and IL-6 was increased in the co-culture and transwell culture by FC. ASMC treated with FCCM were immunopositive for IL-8/IL-6 and produced more IL-8/IL-6. Furthermore, siRNA silencing of NF-κB-p65 or ERK1/2 in transwell cultures of asthmatic ASMC with normal subject FC decreased IL-8 and IL-6 production. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fibrocytes promoted IL-8 and IL-6 production by ASMC, demonstrating a proinflammatory role for FC and a possible mechanism of the inflammatory phenotype in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Lin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Computed tomography assessment of airways throughout bronchial tree demonstrates airway narrowing in severe asthma. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:734-42. [PMID: 25882092 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To analyze airway dimensions throughout the bronchial tree in severe asthmatic patients using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) focusing on airway narrowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with severe asthma underwent automated (BronCare software) analysis of their right lung bronchi, with counts of airways >3 mm long arising from the main bronchi (airway count) and bronchial dimension quantification at segmental and subsegmental levels (lumen area [LA], wall area [WA], and WA%). Focal bronchial stenosis was defined as >50% narrowing of maximal LA on contiguous cross-sectional slices. Severe asthmatics were compared to 13 nonsevere asthmatic patients and nonasthmatic (pooled) subjects (Wilcoxon rank tests, then stepwise logistic regression). Finally, cluster analysis of severe asthmatic patients and stepwise logistic regression identified specific imaging subgroups. RESULTS The most significant differences between severe asthmatic patients and the pooled subjects were bronchial stenosis (subsegmental and all bronchi: P < .002) and WA% (P < .0003). Stepwise logistic regression retained WA% as the only explanatory covariable (P = .002). Two identified clusters of severe asthmatic patients differed for parameters characterizing airway narrowing (airway count: P = .0002; focal bronchial stenosis: P = .009). Airway count was as discriminant as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (P = .01) to identify patients in each cluster, with both variables being correlated (r = 0.59, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Severe asthma-associated morphologic changes were characterized by focal bronchial stenoses and diffuse airway narrowing; the latter was associated with airflow obstruction. WA%, dependent on airway caliber, is the best parameter to identify severe asthmatic patients from pooled subjects.
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Emmanouil P, Loukides S, Kostikas K, Papatheodorou G, Papaporfyriou A, Hillas G, Vamvakaris I, Triggidou R, Katafigiotis P, Kokkini A, Papiris S, Koulouris N, Bakakos P. Sputum and BAL Clara cell secretory protein and surfactant protein D levels in asthma. Allergy 2015; 70:711-4. [PMID: 25728058 DOI: 10.1111/all.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) is associated with Th2 modulation. Surfactant protein D (SPD) plays an important role in surfactant homeostasis and eosinophil chemotaxis. We measured CC16 and SPD in sputum supernatants of 84 asthmatic patients and 12 healthy controls. In 22 asthmatics, we additionally measured CC16 and SPD levels in BAL and assessed smooth muscle area (SMA), reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness, and epithelial detachment (ED) in bronchial biopsies. Induced sputum CC16 and SPD were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma (SRA) compared to mild-moderate and healthy controls. BAL CC16 and SPD levels were also higher in SRA compared to mild-moderate asthma. CC16 BAL levels correlated with ED, while SPD BAL levels correlated with SMA and RBM. Severity represented a significant covariate for these associations. CC16 and SPD levels are upregulated in SRA and correlate with remodeling indices, suggesting a possible role of these biomarkers in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Emmanouil
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - S. Loukides
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Attikon’ Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - K. Kostikas
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Attikon’ Hospital; Athens Greece
| | | | - A. Papaporfyriou
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - G. Hillas
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - I. Vamvakaris
- Pathology Department; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - R. Triggidou
- Pathology Department; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - P. Katafigiotis
- Pathology Department; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - A. Kokkini
- Cytology Department; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - S. Papiris
- 2nd Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Attikon’ Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - N. Koulouris
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
| | - P. Bakakos
- 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine; Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; ‘Sotiria’ Hospital of Chest Diseases; Athens Greece
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Abstract
Asthma remains a major health problem with significant morbidity, mortality and economic costs. In asthma, airway remodelling, which refers to all the microscopic structural changes seen in the airway tissue, has been recognised for many decades and remains one of the defining characteristics of the disease; however, it is still poorly understood. The detrimental pathophysiological consequences of some features of remodelling, like increased airway smooth muscle mass and subepithelial fibrosis, are well documented. However, whether targeting these by therapy would be beneficial is unknown. Although the prevailing thinking is that remodelling is an abnormal response to persistent airway inflammation, recent evidence, especially from studies of remodelling in asthmatic children, suggests that the two processes occur in parallel. The effects of asthma therapy on airway remodelling have not been studied extensively due to the challenges of obtaining airway tissue in the context of clinical trials. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of asthma therapy, and their effects on remodelling have been better studied than other drugs. Bronchial thermoplasty is the only asthma therapy to primarily target remodelling, although how it results in the apparent clinical benefits seen is not exactly clear. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of airway remodelling in asthma and review the effects of conventional and novel asthma therapies on the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Berair
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
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213
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Gosens R, Grainge C. Bronchoconstriction and airway biology: potential impact and therapeutic opportunities. Chest 2015; 147:798-803. [PMID: 25732446 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that mechanical forces occurring in the airway as a consequence of bronchoconstriction are sufficient to not only induce symptoms but also influence airway biology. Animal and human in vitro and in vivo work demonstrates that the airways are structurally and functionally altered by mechanical stress induced by bronchoconstriction. Compression of the airway epithelium and mechanosensing by the airway smooth muscle trigger the activation and release of growth factors, causing cell proliferation, extracellular matrix protein accumulation, and goblet cell differentiation. These effects of bronchoconstriction are of major importance to asthma pathophysiology and appear sufficient to induce remodeling independent of the inflammatory response. We review these findings in detail and discuss previous studies in light of this new evidence regarding the influence of mechanical forces in the airways. Furthermore, we highlight potential impacts of therapies influencing mechanical forces on airway structure and function in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinoud Gosens
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris Grainge
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Preliminary Investigations of the Anti-asthmatic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Justicia pectoralis (Fresh Cut). W INDIAN MED J 2015; 64:320-4. [PMID: 26624581 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Justicia pectoralis (fresh cut plant), family Acantheceae, is a herb that is native to central America and the Caribbean. A crude extract prepared from the leaves of Justicia pectoralis is commonly used in Jamaican ethnotraditional medicine to reduce difficulty in breathing and suppress wheezing in asthmatic individuals. OBJECTIVES To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antihistamine activity of an aqueous extract of Justicia pectoralis. METHOD In in vivo experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized by the method of Weinrich and Undem (1987). The effect of water on the wheals was assessed in the control group, n = 4. The effect of 3.3 mg of the crude extract was noted in histamine-induced wheals over a period of three hours. The extract was injected via intraperitoneal injections. In in vitro experiments, 3.3 mg of crude sample was tested for its effectiveness against histamine-induced tracheal contraction caused by cumulative dosing of histamine. RESULTS The crude extract was efficacious in reducing the formation of histamine-induced wheals (p < 0.05). Results obtained from in vitro studies indicated that the crude extract (3.3 mg) caused significant reduction in tracheal smooth muscle contraction resulting from cumulative doses of histamine (p < 0.05). However, as the histamine doses increased, fresh cut extract was not able to maintain inhibition of histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction. This is an indication that the extract showed competitive reversible antagonism, possibly at histamine receptors. CONCLUSION A crude extract of the leaves Justicia pectoralis reduced the formation of histamine-induced wheals in sensitized guinea pigs (p < 0.05) and also reduced histamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions (p < 0.05). It blocked the effect of contraction produced by histamine in the airways; this property supports folklore claims for its use as an antihistamine.
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215
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Gohy ST, Hupin C, Fregimilicka C, Detry BR, Bouzin C, Gaide Chevronay H, Lecocq M, Weynand B, Ladjemi MZ, Pierreux CE, Birembaut P, Polette M, Pilette C. Imprinting of the COPD airway epithelium for dedifferentiation and mesenchymal transition. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1258-72. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00135814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), epithelial changes and subepithelial fibrosis are salient features in conducting airways. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recently suggested in COPD, but the mechanisms and relationship to peribronchial fibrosis remain unclear. We hypothesised that de-differentiation of the COPD respiratory epithelium through EMT could participate in airway fibrosis and thereby, in airway obstruction.Surgical lung tissue and primary broncho-epithelial cultures (in air–liquid interface (ALI)) from 104 patients were assessed for EMT markers. Cell cultures were also assayed for mesenchymal features and for the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.The bronchial epithelium from COPD patients showed increased vimentin and decreased ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression. Increased vimentin expression correlated with basement membrane thickening and airflow limitation. ALI broncho-epithelial cells from COPD patients also displayed EMT phenotype in up to 2 weeks of culture, were more spindle shaped and released more fibronectin. Targeting TGF-β1 during ALI differentiation prevented vimentin induction and fibronectin release.In COPD, the airway epithelium displays features of de-differentiation towards mesenchymal cells, which correlate with peribronchial fibrosis and airflow limitation, and which are partly due to a TGF-β1-driven epithelial reprogramming.
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216
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Pretolani M, Dombret MC, Thabut G, Knap D, Hamidi F, Debray MP, Taille C, Chanez P, Aubier M. Reduction of airway smooth muscle mass by bronchial thermoplasty in patients with severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1452-4. [PMID: 25496106 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201407-1374le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Perry MM, Durham AL, Austin PJ, Adcock IM, Chung KF. BET bromodomains regulate transforming growth factor-β-induced proliferation and cytokine release in asthmatic airway smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9111-21. [PMID: 25697361 PMCID: PMC4423696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is increased in asthma, and ASM cells from patients with asthma are hyperproliferative and release more IL-6 and CXCL8. The BET (bromo- and extra-terminal) family of proteins (Brd2, Brd3, and Brd4) govern the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. We have examined whether they modulate proliferation and cytokine expression in asthmatic ASM cells by studying the effect of BET bromodomain mimics JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762. ASM cells from healthy individuals and nonsevere and severe asthmatics were pretreated with JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 prior to stimulation with FCS and TGF-β. Proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation. IL-6 and CXCL8 release was measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. ChIP using a specific anti-Brd4 antibody and PCR primers directed against the transcriptional start site of IL-6 and CXCL8 gene promoters was performed. Neither JQ1/SGCBD01 nor I-BET762 had any effect on ASM cell viability. JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 inhibited FCS+TGF-β-induced ASM cell proliferation and IL-6 and CXCL8 release in healthy individuals (≥ 30 nm) and in nonsevere and severe asthma patients (≥100 nm), with the latter requiring higher concentrations of these mimics. JQ1/SGCBD01 reduced Brd4 binding to IL8 and IL6 promoters induced by FCS+TGF-β. Mimics of BET bromodomains inhibit aberrant ASM cell proliferation and inflammation with lesser efficiency in those from asthmatic patients. They may be effective in reducing airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Durham
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Austin
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- From the Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
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Sweeney D, Hollins F, Gomez E, Mistry R, Saunders R, Challiss RAJ, Brightling CE. No evidence for altered intracellular calcium-handling in airway smooth muscle cells from human subjects with asthma. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:12. [PMID: 25880173 PMCID: PMC4349477 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, in part as a consequence of hyper-contractile airway smooth muscle, which persists in primary cell culture. One potential mechanism for this hyper-contractility is abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling. Methods We sought to compare intracellular Ca2+ handling in airway smooth muscle cells from subjects with asthma compared to non-asthmatic controls by measuring: i) bradykinin-stimulated changes in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, ii) sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) expression, iii) mechanisms of cytoplasmic Ca2+ clearance assessed following instantaneous flash photolytic release of Ca2+ into the cytoplasm. Results We found no differences in airway smooth muscle cell basal intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, bradykinin-stimulated IP3 accumulation or intracellular Ca2+ responses. Quantification of SERCA2 mRNA or protein expression levels revealed no differences in ASM cells obtained from subjects with asthma compared to non-asthmatic controls. We did not identify differences in intracellular calcium kinetics assessed by flash photolysis and calcium uncaging independent of agonist-activation with or without SERCA inhibition. However, we did observe some correlations in subjects with asthma between lung function and the different cellular measurements of intracellular Ca2+ handling, with poorer lung function related to increased rate of recovery following flash photolytic elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Conclusions Taken together, the experimental results reported in this study do not demonstrate major fundamental differences in Ca2+ handling between airway smooth muscle cells from non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects. Therefore, increased contraction of airway smooth muscle cells derived from asthmatic subjects cannot be fully explained by altered Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sweeney
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, and Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK. .,Department of Cell Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Fay Hollins
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, and Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
| | - Edith Gomez
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, and Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK. .,Department of Cell Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Rajendra Mistry
- Department of Cell Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Ruth Saunders
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, and Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
| | - Robert Alfred John Challiss
- Department of Cell Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Christopher Edward Brightling
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, and Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
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Asokananthan N, Lan RS, Graham PT, Bakker AJ, Tokanović A, Stewart GA. Activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs)-1 and -2 promotes alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and release of cytokines from human lung fibroblasts. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12295. [PMID: 25663523 PMCID: PMC4393203 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that protease-activated receptors (PARs) play an important role in various physiological processes. In the present investigation, we determined the expression of PARs on human lung fibroblasts (HLF-1) and whether they were involved in cellular differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin (PGE2) secretion. PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, and PAR-4 were detected in fibroblasts using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. Increased expression of PAR-4, but not other PARs, was observed in fibroblasts stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate. The archetypical activators of PARs, namely, thrombin and trypsin, as well as PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonist peptides, stimulated transient increases in intracellular Ca2+, and promoted increased α-smooth muscle actin expression. The proteolytic and peptidic PAR activators also stimulated the release of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as PGE2, with a rank order of potency of PAR-1 > PAR-2. The combined stimulation of PAR-1 and PAR-2 resulted in an additive release of both IL-6 and IL-8. In contrast, PAR-3 and PAR-4 agonist peptides, as well as all the PAR control peptides examined, were inactive. These results suggest an important role for PARs associated with fibroblasts in the modulation of inflammation and remodeling in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiananthan Asokananthan
- School Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia School of Psychology and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, CasuarinaDarwin, NT, Australia
| | - Rommel S Lan
- School Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter T Graham
- School Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony J Bakker
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Ana Tokanović
- School Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Stewart
- School Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, CrawleyPerth, WA, Australia
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Haj-Salem I, Fakhfakh R, Bérubé JC, Jacques E, Plante S, Simard MJ, Bossé Y, Chakir J. MicroRNA-19a enhances proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by targeting TGFβR2 gene in severe asthma. Allergy 2015; 70:212-9. [PMID: 25443138 DOI: 10.1111/all.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is characterized by inflammation and airway remodeling. Bronchial epithelium is considered a key player in coordinating airway wall remodeling. In mild asthma, the epithelium is damaged and fails to proliferate and to repair, whereas in severe asthma, the epithelium is highly proliferative and thicker. This may be due to different regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of our study was to determine the role of miRNAs in regulating proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells obtained from severe asthmatic subjects in comparison with cells obtained from mild asthmatics and healthy controls. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) were isolated by bronchoscopy from bronchial biopsies of healthy donors and patients with mild and severe asthma. MiRNA expression was evaluated using the TaqMan low-density arrays and qRT-PCR. Transfection studies of bronchial epithelial cells were performed to determine the target genes. Cell proliferation was evaluated by BrdU incorporation test. RESULTS MiR-19a was upregulated in epithelia of severe asthmatic subjects compared with cells from mild asthmatics and healthy controls. Functional studies based on luciferase reporter and Western blot assays suggest that miR-19a enhances cell proliferation of BEC in severe asthma through targeting TGF-β receptor 2 mRNA. Moreover, repressed expression of miR-19a increased SMAD3 phosphorylation through TGF-β receptor 2 signaling and abrogated BEC proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study uncovers a new regulatory pathway involving miR-19a that is critical to the severe phenotype of asthma and indicates that downregulating miR-19a expression could be explored as a potential new therapy to modulate epithelium repair in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Haj-Salem
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - R. Fakhfakh
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - J.-C. Bérubé
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - E. Jacques
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - S. Plante
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - M. J. Simard
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology; Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec); Laval University; Cancer Research Center; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - Y. Bossé
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
| | - J. Chakir
- Centre de recherche; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec; Université Laval; Quebec City Québec Canada
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Horie M, Saito A, Yamauchi Y, Mikami Y, Sakamoto M, Jo T, Nakajima J, Takizawa H, Nagase T, Kohyama T. Histamine induces human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction via histamine H1 receptor. Exp Lung Res 2015; 40:222-36. [PMID: 24809793 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is implicated in irreversible airflow limitation of refractory asthma, which includes increased smooth muscle mass and subepithelial fibrosis. Activated fibroblasts acquire contractile phenotype to participate in tissue contraction and structural alteration of extracellular matrices. Histamine is a potent mediator of allergic inflammation, substantially involved in asthmatic pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that histamine might play a role in airway remodeling, and investigated its effect on fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. METHODS Fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction was studied. Histamine's regulation of collagen gel contraction was characterized by using specific histamine-receptor antagonists, an IP3 receptor antagonist and a PKC inhibitor. RESULTS Histamine induced contraction of collagen gels embedded with human lung fibroblasts, in a time-dependent manner, and at the concentration more than 10(-6) M, both in four primary cultured adult lung fibroblasts and three fetal lung fibroblast cell lines. This effect was attenuated by H1 receptor antagonist, whereas those for H2 to H4 receptors failed to show an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, IP3 receptor-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization was implicated in histamine's action on collagen gel contraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that histamine is involved in airway remodeling through its action on lung fibroblasts, and antihistamine drugs, especially H1 receptor antagonists, might be potentially beneficial for a subset of asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Horie
- 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Alagha K, Jarjour B, Bommart S, Aviles B, Varrin M, Gamez AS, Molinari N, Vachier I, Paganin F, Chanez P, Bourdin A. Persistent severe hypereosinophilic asthma is not associated with airway remodeling. Respir Med 2015; 109:180-7. [PMID: 25592243 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic asthma (HEA) is considered as a specific severe asthma phenotype. Whether eosinophils have a link with airway remodeling characterized by pathological (thickening of the basement membrane), functional (persistent airflow impairment and decline in lung function) and imaging features (increase airway wall thickness at CT scan) is still debated. In a one year prospective cohort of 142 severe asthma patients (according to IMI), 14 persistent HEA patients (defined by a persistent blood eosinophilia >500/mm(3) at two consecutive visits) were identified and compared with ten patients without any blood eosinophilia during the follow-up period (NEA, blood eosinophilia always <500/mm(3)). Airflow and lung volumes were recorded. Bronchial biopsies obtained at enrollment were stained for eosinophils (EG2) and basement membrane thickness (BM) was quantified. Imaging by CT scan acquisition was standardized and bronchial abnormalities quantified. ACQ score and exacerbations were prospectively recorded. HEA was not associated with preeminent features of airway remodeling assessed by airflow impairment (Best ever FEV1 values 97% ± 20 in HEA vs. 80 ± 24% in NEA, p = 0.020), decline of FEV1 (FEV1 Decline 40 ± 235 ml/y in HEA vs. 19 ± 40 ml/y in NEA, P = 0.319), submucosal abnormalities (BM thickness 7.80 ± 2.66 μm in HEA vs. 6.84 ± 2.59 in NEA, p = 0.37) and airway wall thickening at CT-scan (0.250 ± 0.036 mm vs. 0.261 ± 0.043, p = 0.92). Eosinophils blood count was inversely correlated with semiquantitative imaging score (rho -0.373, p = 0.039). Smoking history and positive skin prick tests were independent risk factors for increased BM thickening. Outcomes were similar in both populations (Control and exacerbations). Persistent HEA is not associated with evidences of airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuder Alagha
- Department of Respiratory Disease, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Baihas Jarjour
- Department of Respiratory Disease, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Bommart
- Department of Radiology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier I et II, Montpellier, France
| | - Berta Aviles
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Palamos, Spain
| | - Muriel Varrin
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gamez
- Department of Respiratory Disease, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Disease, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Paganin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, GHSR, Saint Pierre de La Réunion, France; INSERM UMR, Université Aix Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Department of Respiratory Disease, APHM, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR, Université Aix Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier I et II, Montpellier, France.
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223
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Chang PJ, Michaeloudes C, Zhu J, Shaikh N, Baker J, Chung KF, Bhavsar PK. Impaired nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in corticosteroid-insensitive airway smooth muscle in severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:54-62. [PMID: 25411910 PMCID: PMC4299627 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0314oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with severe asthma (SA) are less responsive to the beneficial effects of corticosteroid (CS) therapy, and relative CS insensitivity has been shown in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) from patients with SA. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether there was a defect in the actions of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) underlying the ability of CS to suppress the inflammatory response in ASMC of patients with SA. ASMC from healthy subjects (n = 10) and subjects with severe (n = 8) and nonsevere asthma (N-SA; n = 8) were cultured from endobronchial biopsies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS GR expression in ASMC from SA and N-SA was reduced compared with that from healthy subjects by 49% (P < 0.01). Although baseline levels of nuclear GR were similar, GR nuclear translocation induced by dexamethasone (10(-7) M) in SA was 60% of that measured in either healthy subjects or subjects with N-SA. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced greater nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) mRNA expression in ASMC from subjects with SA (5.6- vs. 2.0-fold; P < 0.01), whereas baseline and TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and dexamethasone-mediated suppression of p65 expression were similar between groups. Dexamethasone, although not modulating TNF-α-induced p65 nuclear translocation, attenuated p65 recruitment to the CCL11 promoter in the healthy and N-SA groups, but this suppressive effect was impaired in subjects with SA. CONCLUSIONS Decreased GR expression with impaired nuclear translocation in ASMC, associated with reduced dexamethasone-mediated attenuation of p65 recruitment to NF-κB-dependent gene promoters, may underlie CS insensitivity of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jui Chang
- 1 Experimental Studies, Airway Disease Section, and
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224
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Chanez P, Boulet LP, Brillet PY, Joos G, Laviolette M, Louis R, Rochat T, Soccal P, Aubier M. [Bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe adult asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 32:97-109. [PMID: 25534552 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial thermoplasty is a recent endoscopic technique for the treatment of severe asthma. It is an innovative treatment whose clinical efficacy and safety are beginning to be better understood. Since this is a device-based treatment, the evaluation procedure of risks and benefits is different that for pharmaceutical products; safety aspects, regulatory requirements, study design and the assessment of the magnitude of effects may all be different. The mechanism of action and optimal patient selection need to be assessed further in rigorous clinical and scientific studies. This technique is in harmony with the development of personalised medicine in the 21st century. It should be developed further in response to the numerous challenges and needs not yet met in the management of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chanez
- Inserm U1067 CNRS UMR 7333, service de pneumologie, AP-HM, Aix Marseille université, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France.
| | - L-P Boulet
- Centre de recherche, institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l'université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - P-Y Brillet
- Département de radiologie, AP-HP Avicenne, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - G Joos
- Département de pneumologie, CHU de Gand, université de Gand, Gand, Belgique
| | - M Laviolette
- Centre de recherche, institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l'université Laval Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - R Louis
- Département de pneumologie, CHU de Liège, GIGAI3 groupe de recherche, université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - T Rochat
- Département de pneumologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - P Soccal
- Département de pneumologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - M Aubier
- U700 Inserm DHU, service de pneumologie, AP-HP Bichat, université Diderot Paris, 75018 Paris, France
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225
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Pascoe CD, Swyngedouw NE, Seow CY, Paré PD. Gene expression in asthmatic airway smooth muscle: a mixed bag. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 93:137-43. [PMID: 25587873 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction contributes significantly to the reversible airflow obstruction that defines asthma. It has also been postulated that phenotypic changes in ASM contribute to the airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) that is a characteristic feature of asthma. Although there is agreement that the mass of ASM surrounding the airways is significantly increased in asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic airways, it is still uncertain whether there are quantitative or qualitative changes in the level of expression of the genes and proteins involved in the canonical contractile pathway in ASM that could account for AHR. This review will summarize past attempts at quantifying gene expression changes in the ASM of asthmatic lungs as well as non-asthmatic ASM cells stimulated with various inflammatory cytokines. The lack of consistent findings in asthmatic samples coupled with the relative concordance of results from stimulated ASM cells suggests that changes to the contractility of ASM tissues in asthma may be dependent on the presence of an inflammatory environment surrounding the ASM layer. Removal of the ASM from this environment could explain why hypercontractility is rarely seen ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Pascoe
- a Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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226
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Lo CY, Michaeloudes C, Bhavsar PK, Huang CD, Wang CH, Kuo HP, Chung KF. Increased phenotypic differentiation and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity of fibrocytes in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1186-95.e1-6. [PMID: 25488691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe asthma are less responsive to corticosteroid therapy and show increased airway remodeling. The mesenchymal progenitors, fibrocytes, may be involved in the remodeling of asthmatic airways. We propose that fibrocytes in severe asthma are different from those in nonsevere asthma. OBJECTIVES To examine the survival, myofibroblastic differentiation, and C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression in blood fibrocytes from patients with severe and nonsevere asthma and study the effect of corticosteroids on fibrocyte function. METHODS The nonadherent non-T-cell fraction of blood mononuclear cells was isolated from healthy subjects and patients with nonsevere and severe asthma. Total and differentiating fibrocytes were identified by their expression of CD45, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin using flow cytometry. The expression of CCR7 and of the glucocorticoid receptor was measured by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Increased numbers of circulating fibrocytes, with greater myofibroblastic differentiation potential, were observed in patients with severe asthma. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis, leading to reduction in the number of cultured fibrocytes and total nonadherent non-T cells from healthy subjects and patients with nonsevere asthma but not from patients with severe asthma. Dexamethasone reduced CCR7 expression in fibrocytes from patients with nonsevere asthma but not from patients with severe asthma. Glucocorticoid receptor expression was attenuated in fibrocytes from patients with severe asthma. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe asthma have elevated numbers of circulating fibrocytes that show enhanced myofibroblastic differentiation and that are less responsive to the effects of corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lo
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Da Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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227
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Dekkers BGJ, Naeimi S, Bos IST, Menzen MH, Halayko AJ, Hashjin GS, Meurs H. L-thyroxine promotes a proliferative airway smooth muscle phenotype in the presence of TGF-β1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L301-6. [PMID: 25480330 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00071.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism may reduce, whereas hyperthyroidism may aggravate, asthma symptoms. The mechanisms underlying this relationship are largely unknown. Since thyroid hormones have central roles in cell growth and differentiation, we hypothesized that airway remodeling, in particular increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, may be involved. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and l-thyroxine (T4) in the absence and presence of the profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on human ASM cell phenotype switching. T3 (1-100 nM) and T4 (1-100 nM) did not affect basal ASM proliferation. However, when combined with TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml), T4 synergistically increased the proliferative response, whereas only a minor effect was observed for T3. In line with a switch from a contractile to a proliferative ASM phenotype, T4 reduced the TGF-β1-induced contractile protein expression by ∼50%. Cotreatment with T3 reduced TGF-β1-induced contractile protein expression by ∼25%. The synergistic increase in proliferation was almost fully inhibited by the integrin αvβ3 antagonist tetrac (100 nM), whereas no significant effects of the thyroid receptor antagonist 1-850 (3 μM) were observed. Inhibition of MEK1/2, downstream of the integrin αvβ3, also inhibited the T4- and TGF-β1-induced proliferative responses. Collectively, the results indicate that T4, and to a lesser extent T3, promotes a proliferative ASM phenotype in the presence of TGF-β1, which is predominantly mediated by the membrane-bound T4 receptor αvβ3. These results indicate that thyroid hormones may enhance ASM remodeling in asthma, which could be of relevance for hyperthyroid patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Saeideh Naeimi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Goudarz Sadeghi Hashjin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Teheran, Iran
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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228
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Pulmonary vascular changes in asthma and COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:144-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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229
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Trejo Bittar HE, Yousem SA, Wenzel SE. Pathobiology of severe asthma. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2014; 10:511-45. [PMID: 25423350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) afflicts a heterogeneous group of asthma patients who exhibit poor responses to traditional asthma medications. SA patients likely represent 5-10% of all asthma patients; however, they have a higher economic burden when compared with milder asthmatics. Considerable research has been performed on pathological pathways and structural changes associated with SA. Although limitations of the pathological approaches, ranging from sampling, to quantitative assessments, to heterogeneity of disease, have prevented a more definitive understanding of the underlying pathobiology, studies linking pathology to molecular markers to targeted therapies are beginning to solidify the identification of select molecular phenotypes. This review addresses the pathobiology of SA and discusses the current limitations of studies, the inflammatory cells and pathways linked to emerging phenotypes, and the structural and remodeling changes associated with severe disease. In all cases, an effort is made to link pathological findings to specific clinical/molecular phenotypes.
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230
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Harkness LM, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Asthma is not only an airway disease, but also a vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:17-33. [PMID: 25460035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified an expansion and morphological dysregulation of the bronchial vascular network in the airways of asthmatics. Increased number, size and density of blood vessels, as well as vascular leakage and plasma engorgement, have been reported in the airways of patients with all grades of asthma from mild to fatal. This neovascularisation is an increasingly commonly reported feature of airway remodelling; however, the pathophysiological impact of the increased vasculature in the bronchial wall and its significance to pulmonary function in asthma are unrecognised at this time. Multiple factors capable of influencing the development and persistence of the vascular network exist within asthmatic airway tissue. These include structural components of the altered extracellular matrix (ECM), imbalance of proteases and their endogenous inhibitors, release of active matrikines and the dysregulated levels of both soluble and matrix sequestered growth factors. This review will explore the features of the asthmatic airway which influence the development and persistence of the increased vascular network, as well as the effect of enhanced tissue perfusion on chronic inflammation and airway dynamics. The response of cells of the airways to the altered vascular profile and the subsequent influence on the features of airway remodelling will also be highlighted. We will explore the failure of current asthma therapeutics in "normalising" this vascular remodelling. Finally, we will summarize the outcomes of recent clinical trials which provide hope that anti-angiogenic therapies may be a potent asthma-resolving class of drugs and provide a new approach to asthma management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Harkness
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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231
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A MYLK variant regulates asthmatic inflammation via alterations in mRNA secondary structure. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:874-6. [PMID: 25271083 PMCID: PMC4795064 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin light-chain kinase (MYLK) is a gene known to be significantly associated with severe asthma in African Americans. Here we further examine the molecular function of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), located in the non-muscle myosin light-chain kinase isoform (nmMLCK), in asthma susceptibility and pathobiology. We identified nmMLCK variant (reference SNP: rs9840993, NM_053025: 721C>T, c.439C>T) with a distinct mRNA secondary structure from the other variants. The nmMLCK variant (721C) secondary structure exhibits increased stability with an elongated half-life in the human endothelial cell, and greater efficiency in protein translation initiation owing to an increased accessibility to translation start site. Finally, nmMLCK expression of 721C- and 721T-containing MYLK transgenes were compared in nmMLCK−/− mice and confirmed deleterious effects of nmMLCK expression on asthmatic indices and implicated the augmented influence of MYLK 721C>T (c.439C>T) SNP on asthma severity. The confirmation of the novel mechanism of the regulation of asthmatic inflammation by a MYLK advances knowledge of the genetic basis for asthma disparities, and further suggests the potential of nmMLCK as a therapeutic target. Our study suggests that in addition to altering protein structure and function, non-synonymous SNPs may also lead to phenotypic disparity by altering protein expression.
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232
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Farhat AA, Mohamad AS, Shareef MM, Attia GA, Eid MA, Taha RW. Asthma remodeling: The pathogenic role of matrix metalloproteinase-9. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Boorsma CE, Dekkers BGJ, van Dijk EM, Kumawat K, Richardson J, Burgess JK, John AE. Beyond TGFβ--novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:166-80. [PMID: 25197006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the lungs, fibrosis can affect both the parenchyma and the airways. Fibrosis is a hallmark pathological change in the parenchyma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whilst in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibrosis is a component of the remodelling of the airways. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the disease behaviour and pathogenesis of parenchymal and airway fibrosis and as a result a variety of novel therapeutic targets for slowing or preventing progression of these fibrotic changes have been identified. This review highlights a number of these targets and discusses the potential for treating parenchymal or airway fibrosis through these mediators/pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B G J Dekkers
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M van Dijk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Kumawat
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Richardson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, QMC Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - J K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - A E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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234
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Singh SR, Sutcliffe A, Kaur D, Gupta S, Desai D, Saunders R, Brightling CE. CCL2 release by airway smooth muscle is increased in asthma and promotes fibrocyte migration. Allergy 2014; 69:1189-97. [PMID: 24931417 PMCID: PMC4215601 DOI: 10.1111/all.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodelling. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a feature of airway remodelling and contributes to bronchial wall thickening. We sought to investigate the expression levels of chemokines in primary cultures of ASM cells from asthmatics vs healthy controls and to assess whether differentially expressed chemokines (i) promote fibrocyte (FC) migration towards ASM and (ii) are increased in blood from subjects with asthma and in sputum samples from those asthmatics with bronchial wall thickening. METHODS Chemokine concentrations released by primary ASM were measured by MesoScale Discovery platform. The chemokine most highly expressed by ASM from asthmatics compared with healthy controls was confirmed by ELISA, and expression of its cognate chemokine receptor by FCs was examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The role of this chemokine in FC migration towards ASM was investigated by chemotaxis assays. RESULTS Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels were increased in primary ASM supernatants from asthmatics compared with healthy controls. CCR2 was expressed on FCs. Fibrocytes migrated towards recombinant CCL2 and ASM supernatants. These effects were inhibited by CCL2 neutralization. CCL2 levels were increased in blood from asthmatics compared with healthy controls, and sputum CCL2 was increased in asthmatics with bronchial wall thickening. CONCLUSIONS Airway smooth muscle-derived CCL2 mediates FC migration and potentially contributes to the development of ASM hyperplasia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Singh
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - A Sutcliffe
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - D Kaur
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - S Gupta
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - D Desai
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - R Saunders
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - C E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
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235
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Lambers C, Qi Y, Eleni P, Costa L, Zhong J, Tamm M, Block LH, Roth M. Extracellular matrix composition is modified by β₂-agonists through cAMP in COPD. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:400-8. [PMID: 25107701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long acting β₂-agonists (LABA) have been reported to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in the airway wall. Based on our earlier studies we here investigated the mechanism underlying the control of ECM modification by LABA in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. Cells were treated with formoterol or salmeterol (30 min) before TGF-β₁ stimulation (2-3 days) Using RT-PCT, immuno-blotting and ELISA the de novo synthesis and deposition of collagen type-I, -III, -IV and fibronectin were determined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were analyzed by zymography. Both LABA activated cAMP and its corresponding transcription factor CREB within 60 min and thus partly reduced TGF-β₁-induced gene transcription of collagen type-I, -III, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The inhibitory effect of both LABA on collagen type-I and -III deposition involved a cAMP dependent mechanism, while the inhibitory effect of the two drugs on TGF-β1-induced fibronectin deposition and on CTGF secretion was independent of cAMP. Interestingly, none of the two LABA reduced CTGF-induced synthesis of collagen type-I or type-III deposition. In addition, none of the two LABA modified collagen type-IV deposition or the expression and activity of MMP-2 or MMP-9. Our results show that LABA can prevent de novo deposition of specific ECM components through cAMP dependent and independent signaling. However, they do not reduce all ECM components by the same mechanism and they do not reduce existing collagen deposits. This might explain some of the controversial reports on the anti-remodeling effect of LABA in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ying Qi
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Papakonstantinou Eleni
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luigi Costa
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhong
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lutz-Henning Block
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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236
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Wang T, Moreno-Vinasco L, Ma SF, Zhou T, Shimizu Y, Sammani S, Epshtein Y, Watterson DM, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase regulates murine asthmatic inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1129-35. [PMID: 24428690 PMCID: PMC4068916 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0434oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK; gene code, MYLK) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in isoform-specific nonmuscle (nm) and smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, and vascular permeability, processes directly relevant to asthma pathobiology. In this report, we highlight the contribution of the nm isoform (nmMLCK) to asthma susceptibility and severity, supported by studies in two lines of transgenic mice with knocking out nmMLCK or selectively overexpressing nmMLCK in endothelium. These mice were sensitized to exhibit ovalbumin-mediated allergic inflammation. Genetically engineered mice with targeted nmMLCK deletion (nmMLCK(-/-)) exhibited significant reductions in lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Conversely, mice with overexpressed nmMLCK in endothelium (nmMLCK(ec/ec)) exhibited elevated susceptibility and severity in asthmatic inflammation. In addition, reduction of nmMLCK expression in pulmonary endothelium by small interfering RNA results in reduced asthmatic inflammation in wild-type mice. These pathophysiological assessments demonstrate the positive contribution of nmMLCK to asthmatic inflammation, and a clear correlation of the level of nmMLCK with the degree of experimental allergic inflammation. This study confirms MYLK as an asthma candidate gene, and verifies nmMLCK as a novel molecular target in asthmatic pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- 1 Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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237
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Bullone M, Chevigny M, Allano M, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Technical and physiological determinants of airway smooth muscle mass in endobronchial biopsy samples of asthmatic horses. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:806-15. [PMID: 25103978 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00468.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphometric analyses of endobronchial biopsies are commonly performed in asthma research but little is known about the technical and physiological parameters contributing to measurement variability. We investigated factors potentially affecting biopsy size, quality, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) content in heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses. Horses with heaves in clinical exacerbation (n = 6) or remission (n = 6) from the disease and six controls were studied using a crossover design. The effect of disease status, age, bronchodilation, biopsy forceps type, and carina size on total biopsy area (Atot), ASM area (AASM), ASM% (AASM/Atot), and histologic quality were assessed. Concordance among different measuring techniques was also assessed. Compared with other groups, horses with heaves in exacerbation yielded larger biopsies (P < 0.05). Better quality biopsies were obtained from carinae of small size compared with large ones (P = 0.02), and carina size and forceps type significantly affected the ASM content of the biopsy (interaction, P < 0.05). AASM increased with age only in heaves-affected horses (r = 0.9, P < 0.05), and ASM% was negatively correlated with pulmonary resistance at 5 Hz in heaves-affected horses (r = -0.74, P = 0.01), likely because of the increased thickness of the extracellular matrix layer in this group (P = 0.01). In conclusion, disease status, carina thickness, and the forceps used may significantly affect biopsy size, quality, and ASM content. Endobronchial biopsies are not appropriate samples for ASM quantification in heaves, and studies measuring ASM mass should not be compared when measuring techniques differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bullone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Mylène Chevigny
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Marion Allano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; and
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; and
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238
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Witt CA, Sheshadri A, Carlstrom L, Tarsi J, Kozlowski J, Wilson B, Gierada DS, Hoffman E, Fain SB, Cook-Granroth J, Sajol G, Sierra O, Giri T, O'Neill M, Zheng J, Schechtman KB, Bacharier LB, Jarjour N, Busse W, Castro M. Longitudinal changes in airway remodeling and air trapping in severe asthma. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:986-93. [PMID: 25018070 PMCID: PMC4100072 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that airway wall thickness and air trapping are greater in subjects with severe asthma than in those with mild-to-moderate asthma. However, a better understanding of how airway remodeling and lung density change over time is needed. This study aimed to evaluate predictors of airway wall remodeling and change in lung function and lung density over time in severe asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenotypic characterization and quantitative multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest were performed at baseline and ∼2.6 years later in 38 participants with asthma (severe n = 24 and mild-to-moderate n = 14) and nine normal controls from the Severe Asthma Research Program. RESULTS Subjects with severe asthma had a significant decline in postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent (FEV1%) predicted over time (P < .001). Airway wall thickness measured by MDCT was increased at multiple airway generations in severe asthma compared to mild-to-moderate asthma (wall area percent [WA%]: P < .05) and normals (P < .05) at baseline and year 2. Over time, there was an increase in WA% and wall thickness percent (WT%) in all subjects (P = .030 and .009, respectively) with no change in emphysema-like lung or air trapping. Baseline prebronchodilator FEV1% inversely correlated with WA% and WT% (both P < .05). In a multivariable regression model, baseline WA%, race, and health care utilization were predictors of subsequent airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Severe asthma subjects have a greater decline in lung function over time than normal subjects or those with mild-to-moderate asthma. MDCT provides a noninvasive measure of airway wall thickness that may predict subsequent airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Witt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Ajay Sheshadri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Luke Carlstrom
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Jaime Tarsi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - James Kozlowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Brad Wilson
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David S Gierada
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Janice Cook-Granroth
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Geneline Sajol
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Oscar Sierra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Tusar Giri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Michael O'Neill
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093
| | - Jie Zheng
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kenneth B Schechtman
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Busse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8052, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093.
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239
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Balenga NA, Jester W, Jiang M, Panettieri RA, Druey KM. Loss of regulator of G protein signaling 5 promotes airway hyperresponsiveness in the absence of allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:451-9. [PMID: 24666695 PMCID: PMC4119844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although eosinophilic inflammation typifies allergic asthma, it is not a prerequisite for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), suggesting that underlying abnormalities in structural cells, such as airway smooth muscle (ASM), contribute to the asthmatic diathesis. Dysregulation of procontractile G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in ASM could mediate enhanced contractility. OBJECTIVE We explored the role of a regulator of procontractile GPCR signaling, regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5), in unprovoked and allergen-induced AHR. METHODS We evaluated GPCR-evoked Ca(2+) signaling, precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) contraction, and lung inflammation in naive and Aspergillus fumigatus-challenged wild-type and Rgs5(-/-) mice. We analyzed lung resistance and dynamic compliance in live anesthetized mice using invasive plethysmography. RESULTS Loss of RGS5 promoted constitutive AHR because of enhanced GPCR-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in ASM. PCLSs from naive Rgs5(-/-) mice contracted maximally at baseline independently of allergen challenge. RGS5 deficiency had little effect on the parameters of allergic inflammation, including cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mucin production, ASM mass, and subepithelial collagen deposition. Unexpectedly, induced IL-13 and IL-33 levels were much lower in challenged lungs from Rgs5(-/-) mice relative to those seen in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Loss of RGS5 confers spontaneous AHR in mice in the absence of allergic inflammation. Because it is selectively expressed in ASM within the lung and does not promote inflammation, RGS5 might be a therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman A Balenga
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - William Jester
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Meiqi Jiang
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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240
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Noble PB, Pascoe CD, Lan B, Ito S, Kistemaker LEM, Tatler AL, Pera T, Brook BS, Gosens R, West AR. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: linking contraction and mechanotransduction to disease pathogenesis and remodelling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:96-107. [PMID: 25062835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an obstructive airway disease, with a heterogeneous and multifactorial pathogenesis. Although generally considered to be a disease principally driven by chronic inflammation, it is becoming increasingly recognised that the immune component of the pathology poorly correlates with the clinical symptoms of asthma, thus highlighting a potentially central role for non-immune cells. In this context airway smooth muscle (ASM) may be a key player, as it comprises a significant proportion of the airway wall and is the ultimate effector of acute airway narrowing. Historically, the contribution of ASM to asthma pathogenesis has been contentious, yet emerging evidence suggests that ASM contractile activation imparts chronic effects that extend well beyond the temporary effects of bronchoconstriction. In this review article we describe the effects that ASM contraction, in combination with cellular mechanotransduction and novel contraction-inflammation synergies, contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Specific emphasis will be placed on the effects that ASM contraction exerts on the mechanical properties of the airway wall, as well as novel mechanisms by which ASM contraction may contribute to more established features of asthma such as airway wall remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
| | - Chris D Pascoe
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Bo Lan
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tonio Pera
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian R West
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, MB, Canada; Biology of Breathing, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, MB, Canada.
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241
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Wilson SJ, Rigden HM, Ward JA, Laviolette M, Jarjour NN, Djukanović R. The relationship between eosinophilia and airway remodelling in mild asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1342-50. [PMID: 24261944 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilia is a marker of corticosteroid responsiveness and risk of exacerbation in asthma; although it has been linked to submucosal matrix deposition, its relationship with other features of airway remodelling is less clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between airway eosinophilia and airway remodelling. METHODS Bronchial biopsies from subjects (n = 20 in each group) with mild steroid-naïve asthma, with either low (0-0.45 mm(-2)) ) or high submucosal eosinophil (23.43-46.28 mm(-2) ) counts and healthy controls were assessed for in vivo epithelial damage (using epidermal growth factor receptor staining), mucin expression, airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypertrophy and inflammatory cells within ASM. RESULTS The proportion of in vivo damaged epithelium was significantly greater (P = 0.02) in the high-eosinophil (27.37%) than the low-eosinophil (4.14%) group. Mucin expression and goblet cell numbers were similar in the two eosinophil groups; however, MUC-2 expression was increased (P = 0.002) in the high-eosinophil group compared with controls. The proportion of submucosa occupied by ASM was higher in both asthma groups (P = 0.021 and P = 0.046) compared with controls. In the ASM, eosinophil and T-lymphocyte numbers were higher (P < 0.05) in the high-eosinophil group than both the low-eosinophil group and the controls, whereas the numbers of mast cells were increased in the high-eosinophil group (P = 0.01) compared with controls. CONCLUSION Submucosal eosinophilia is a marker (and possibly a cause) of epithelial damage and is related to infiltration of ASM with eosinophils and T lymphocytes, but is unrelated to mucus metaplasia or smooth muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wilson
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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242
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Shikotra A, Siddiqui S. The role of tissue eosinophils in asthmatic airway remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1302-6. [PMID: 24261942 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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243
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Kumawat K, Koopmans T, Gosens R. β-catenin as a regulator and therapeutic target for asthmatic airway remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1023-34. [PMID: 25005144 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.934813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathological alteration in the airway structure, termed as airway remodeling, is a hallmark feature of individuals with asthma and has been described to negatively impact lung function in asthmatics. Recent studies have raised considerable interest in the regulatory role of β-catenin in remodeling asthmatic airways. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is the key to normal lung development and tightly coordinates the maintenance of tissue homeostasis under steady-state conditions. Several studies indicate the crucial role of β-catenin signaling in airway remodeling in asthma and suggest that this pathway may be activated by both the growth factors and mechanical stimuli such as bronchoconstriction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss recent literature regarding the mechanisms of β-catenin signaling activation and its mechanistic role in asthmatic airway remodeling. Further, we discuss the possibilities of therapeutic targeting of β-catenin. EXPERT OPINION The aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling by both WNT-dependent and -independent mechanisms in asthmatic airways plays a key role in remodeling the airways, including cell proliferation, differentiation, tissue repair and extracellular matrix production. These findings are interesting from both a mechanistic and therapeutic perspective, as several drug classes have now been described that target β-catenin signaling directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kumawat
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Molecular Pharmacology , A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands +31 50 363 8177 ; +31 50 363 6908 ;
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Zhao L, Sullivan MN, Chase M, Gonzales AL, Earley S. Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells-coupled vanilliod transient receptor potential channel 4 ca2+ sparklets stimulate airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1064-75. [PMID: 24392954 PMCID: PMC4068915 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0416oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) contributes to the remodeling and irreversible obstruction of airways during severe asthma, but the mechanisms underlying this disease process are poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that Ca(2+) influx through the vanilliod transient receptor potential channel (TRPV) 4 stimulates ASMC proliferation. We found that synthetic and endogenous TRPV4 agonists increase proliferation of primary ASMCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ca(2+) influx through individual TRPV4 channels produces Ca(2+) microdomains in ASMCs, called "TRPV4 Ca(2+) sparklets." We also show that TRPV4 channels colocalize with the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin in ASMCs. Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors cytosolic (c) to allow nuclear translocation and activation of synthetic transcriptional pathways. We show that ASMC proliferation in response to TRPV4 activity is associated with calcineurin-dependent nuclear translocation of the NFATc3 isoform tagged with green florescent protein. Our findings suggest that Ca(2+) microdomains created by TRPV4 Ca(2+) sparklets activate calcineurin to stimulate nuclear translocation of NFAT and ASMC proliferation. These findings further suggest that inhibition of TRPV4 could diminish asthma-induced airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhao
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Michelle N. Sullivan
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Marlee Chase
- Vascular Physiology Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Albert L. Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
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245
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Setlakwe EL, Lemos KR, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Duguay JD, Lavoie JP. Airway collagen and elastic fiber content correlates with lung function in equine heaves. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L252-60. [PMID: 24879055 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences on lung function and inflammation of alterations in the extracellular matrix affecting the peripheral airway wall in asthma are largely unknown. We hypothesized that remodeling of collagen and elastic fibers in the peripheral airway wall leads to airway obstruction and contributes to neutrophilic airway inflammation. Animals used were six heaves-affected horses and five controls. Large peripheral lung biopsies were obtained from horses with heaves in clinical remission (Baseline) and during disease exacerbation and from age-matched controls. The area of collagen and elastic fiber content in the lamina propria was measured by histological staining techniques and corrected for airway size. Collagen type 1 and type 3 content was further assessed from additional horses after postmortem lung samples by immunohistochemistry. The collagen breakdown products proline-glycine-proline (PGP) and N-acetylated-PGP (N-α-PGP) were also measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) by mass spectrometry. Compared with controls, heaves-affected horses had an increase in collagen (P = 0.05) and elastic fiber contents (P = 0.04) at baseline. Collagen types 1 and 3 content was also significantly increased in diseased horses (P = 0.015) when both collagen types were combined. No further change in collagen content was observed after a 30-day antigenic challenge. Airway collagen at baseline was positively correlated with pulmonary resistance in asthmatic horses (r(2) = 0.78, P = 0.03) and elastic fiber content was positively associated with pulmonary elastance in controls (r(2) = 0.95, P = 0.02). No difference between groups was appreciated in PGP and N-α-PGP peptides in BALF. Increased airway wall collagen and elastic fiber content may contribute to residual obstruction in the asthmatic airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie L Setlakwe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karen R Lemos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anouk Lavoie-Lamoureux
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-David Duguay
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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246
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Perry MM, Baker JE, Gibeon DS, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Airway smooth muscle hyperproliferation is regulated by microRNA-221 in severe asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:7-17. [PMID: 23944957 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0067oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is a feature of asthmatic airways, and could result from augmented proliferation. We determined whether proliferation and IL-6 release are abnormal in ASM cells (ASMCs) from patients with severe asthma, and whether these features could be mediated by microRNA-221 and microRNA-222, through modulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1). ASMCs cultured from bronchial biopsies of healthy subjects and patients with nonsevere or severe asthma were studied. Proliferation was measured by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine and IL-6 by ELISA. FCS and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β caused greater proliferation and IL-6 release in patients with severe compared with nonsevere asthma and normal subjects. FCS + TGF-β inhibited p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1) expression, and increased microRNA-221 (miR-221) expression in ASMCs from individuals with severe asthma. miR-221, and not miR-222, mimics the increased proliferation and IL-6 release induced by FCS + TGF in healthy ASM, whereas in patients with severe asthma, the inhibition of miR-221, but not miR-222, inhibited proliferation and IL-6 release. miR-221 inhibition led to the increased expression of FCS + TGF-β-induced p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1). Dexamethasone suppressed proliferation in healthy subjects, but not in subjects with asthma. IL-6 was less suppressible by dexamethasone in patients with nonsevere and severe asthma, compared with healthy subjects. miR-221 did not influence the effects of dexamethasone. ASM from patients with severe asthma shows greater proliferation and IL-6 release than in patients with nonsevere asthma, but both groups show corticosteroid insensitivity. miR-221 regulates p21(WAF1) and p27(kip1) expression levels. Furthermore, miR-221 regulates the hyperproliferation and IL-6 release of ASMCs from patients with severe asthma, but does not regulate corticosteroid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Perry
- 1 Experimental Studies Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Balhara J, Redhu NS, Shan L, Gounni AS. IgE regulates the expression of smMLCK in human airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93946. [PMID: 24722483 PMCID: PMC3983085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that enhanced accumulation of contractile proteins such as smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) plays a major role in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASM) cell hypercontractility and hypertrophy. Furthermore, serum IgE levels play an important role in smooth muscle hyperreactivity. However, the effect of IgE on smMLCK expression has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that IgE increases the expression of smMLCK at mRNA and protein levels. This effect was inhibited significantly with neutralizing abs directed against FcεRI but not with anti-FcεRII/CD23. Furthermore, Syk knock down and pharmacological inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) significantly diminished the IgE-mediated upregulation of smMLCK expression in HASM cells. Taken together, our data suggest a role of IgE in regulating smMLCK in HASM cells. Therefore, targeting the FcεRI activation on HASM cells may offer a novel approach in controlling the bronchomotor tone in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Balhara
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Naresh Singh Redhu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Abdelilah S. Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
- * E-mail:
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248
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Matusovsky OS, Nakada EM, Kachmar L, Fixman ED, Lauzon AM. CD4+ T cells enhance the unloaded shortening velocity of airway smooth muscle by altering the contractile protein expression. J Physiol 2014; 592:2999-3012. [PMID: 24687581 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.270843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant data indicate that pathogenesis in allergic airways disease is orchestrated by an aberrant T-helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory response. CD4(+) T cells have been localized to airway smooth muscle (ASM) in both human asthmatics and in rodent models of allergic airways disease, where they have been implicated in proliferative responses of ASM. Whether CD4(+) T cells also alter ASM contractility has not been addressed. We established an in vitro system to assess the ability of antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells to modify contractile responses of the Brown Norway rat trachealis muscle. Our data demonstrated that the unloaded velocity of shortening (Vmax) of ASM was significantly increased upon 24 h co-incubation with antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells, while stress did not change. Enhanced Vmax was dependent upon contact between the CD4(+) T cells and the ASM and correlated with increased levels of the fast (+)insert smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoform. The levels of myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphorylation were also increased within the muscle. The alterations in mechanics and in the levels of contractile proteins were transient, both declining to control levels after 48 h of co-incubation. More permanent alterations in muscle phenotype might be attainable when several inflammatory cells and mediators interact together or after repeated antigenic challenges. Further studies will await new tissue culture methodologies that preserve the muscle properties over longer periods of time. In conclusion, our data suggest that inflammatory cells promote ASM hypercontractility in airway hyper-responsiveness and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S Matusovsky
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
| | - Emily M Nakada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
| | - Linda Kachmar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
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249
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Tai A, Tran H, Roberts M, Clarke N, Wilson J, Robertson CF. The association between childhood asthma and adult chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2014; 69:805-10. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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250
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Application of vitamin E to antagonize SWCNTs-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4275. [PMID: 24589727 PMCID: PMC3940970 DOI: 10.1038/srep04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggravating effects of zero-dimensional, particle-shaped nanomaterials on allergic asthma have been previously investigated, but similar possible effects of one-dimensional shaped nanomaterials have not been reported. More importantly, there are no available means to counteract the adverse nanomaterial effects to allow for their safe use. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rat asthma model was established to investigate whether single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aggravate allergic asthma. The results showed that SWCNTs in rats exacerbated OVA-induced allergic asthma and that this exacerbation was counteracted by concurrent administration vitamin E. A mechanism involving the elimination of reactive oxygen species, downregulation of Th2 responses, reduced Ig production, and the relief of allergic asthma symptoms was proposed to explain the antagonistic effects of vitamin E. This work could provide a universal strategy to effectively protect people with allergic asthma from SWCNTs or similar nanomaterial-induced aggravating effects.
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