201
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Zampieri M, Sauer U. Metabolomics-driven understanding of genotype-phenotype relations in model organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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202
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Mishra P, Tang W, Putluri V, Dorsey TH, Jin F, Wang F, Zhu D, Amable L, Deng T, Zhang S, Killian JK, Wang Y, Minas TZ, Yfantis HG, Lee DH, Sreekumar A, Bustin M, Liu W, Putluri N, Ambs S. ADHFE1 is a breast cancer oncogene and induces metabolic reprogramming. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:323-340. [PMID: 29202474 DOI: 10.1172/jci93815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in breast tumors is linked to increases in putative oncogenic metabolites that may contribute to malignant transformation. We previously showed that accumulation of the oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), in breast tumors was associated with MYC signaling, but not with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, suggesting a distinct mechanism for increased 2HG in breast cancer. Here, we determined that D-2HG is the predominant enantiomer in human breast tumors and show that the D-2HG-producing mitochondrial enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, iron-containing protein 1 (ADHFE1), is a breast cancer oncogene that decreases patient survival. We found that MYC upregulates ADHFE1 through changes in iron metabolism while coexpression of both ADHFE1 and MYC strongly enhanced orthotopic tumor growth in MCF7 cells. Moreover, ADHFE1 promoted metabolic reprogramming with increased formation of D-2HG and reactive oxygen, a reductive glutamine metabolism, and modifications of the epigenetic landscape, leading to cellular dedifferentiation, enhanced mesenchymal transition, and phenocopying alterations that occur with high D-2HG levels in cancer cells with IDH mutations. Together, our data support the hypothesis that ADHFE1 and MYC signaling contribute to D-2HG accumulation in breast tumors and show that D-2HG is an oncogenic metabolite and potential driver of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Mishra
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and.,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and.,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donewei Zhu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Amable
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
| | - Tao Deng
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, CCR, NCI, and
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, CCR, NCI, and
| | - J Keith Killian
- Genetics Branch, CCR, and Clinical Molecular Profiling Core, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Genetics Branch, CCR, and Clinical Molecular Profiling Core, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsion Z Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry G Yfantis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong H Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and
| | - Michael Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, CCR, NCI, and
| | - Wei Liu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, and.,Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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203
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Smith CJ, Minas TZ, Ambs S. Analysis of Tumor Biology to Advance Cancer Health Disparity Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:304-316. [PMID: 29137948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mortality rates in the United States continue to decline. Reductions in tobacco use, uptake of preventive measures, adoption of early detection methods, and better treatments have resulted in improved cancer outcomes for men and women. Despite this progress, some population groups continue to experience an excessive cancer burden when compared with other population groups. One of the most prominent cancer health disparities exists in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry when compared with other men, both in the United States and globally. This disparity and other cancer health disparities are largely explained by differences in access to health care, diet, lifestyle, cultural barriers, and disparate exposures to carcinogens and pathogens. Dietary and lifestyle factors, pathogens, and ancestry-related factors can modify tumor biology and induce a more aggressive disease. There are numerous examples of how environmental exposures, like tobacco, chronic stress, or dietary factors, induce an adverse tumor biology, leading to a more aggressive disease and decreased patient survival. Because of population differences in the exposure to these risk factors, they can be the cause of cancer disparities. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of prostate and breast cancer disparities in the United States and discuss how the analysis of tumor biology can advance health disparity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J Smith
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tsion Z Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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204
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Zacksenhaus E, Shrestha M, Liu JC, Vorobieva I, Chung PE, Ju Y, Nir U, Jiang Z. Mitochondrial OXPHOS Induced by RB1 Deficiency in Breast Cancer: Implications for Anabolic Metabolism, Stemness, and Metastasis. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:768-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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205
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El Ansari R, McIntyre A, Craze ML, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Altered glutamine metabolism in breast cancer; subtype dependencies and alternative adaptations. Histopathology 2017; 72:183-190. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rokaya El Ansari
- Academic Pathology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology Unit; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
| | - Madeleine L Craze
- Academic Pathology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Academic Pathology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
- Cellular Pathology; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
- Cellular Pathology; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Pathology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham City Hospital; Nottingham UK
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206
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Collins RRJ, Patel K, Putnam WC, Kapur P, Rakheja D. Oncometabolites: A New Paradigm for Oncology, Metabolism, and the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1812-1820. [PMID: 29038145 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.267666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric clinical laboratories commonly measure tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of specific inborn errors of metabolism, such as organic acidurias. In the past decade, the same tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites have been implicated and studied in cancer. The accumulation of these metabolites in certain cancers not only serves as a biomarker but also directly contributes to cellular transformation, therefore earning them the designation of oncometabolites. CONTENT D-2-hydroxyglutarate, L-2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are the currently recognized oncometabolites. They are structurally similar and share metabolic proximity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. As a result, they promote tumorigenesis in cancer cells through similar mechanisms. This review summarizes the currently understood common and distinct biological features of these compounds. In addition, we will review the current laboratory methodologies that can be used to quantify these metabolites and their downstream targets. SUMMARY Oncometabolites play an important role in cancer biology. The metabolic pathways that lead to the production of oncometabolites and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated by oncometabolites represent potential therapeutic targets. Clinical laboratories have a critical role to play in the management of oncometabolite-associated cancers through development and validation of sensitive and specific assays that measure oncometabolites and their downstream effectors. These assays can be used as screening tools and for follow-up to measure response to treatment, as well as to detect minimal residual disease and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R J Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX
| | - William C Putnam
- Office of Clinical and Translational Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health, Dallas, TX.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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207
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Lee KM, Giltnane JM, Balko JM, Schwarz LJ, Guerrero-Zotano AL, Hutchinson KE, Nixon MJ, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Sanders ME, Lee T, Gómez H, Lluch A, Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Wolf MM, Andrejeva G, Rathmell JC, Fesik SW, Arteaga CL. MYC and MCL1 Cooperatively Promote Chemotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells via Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation. Cell Metab 2017; 26:633-647.e7. [PMID: 28978427 PMCID: PMC5650077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop drug resistance. MYC and MCL1 are frequently co-amplified in drug-resistant TNBC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Herein, we demonstrate that MYC and MCL1 cooperate in the maintenance of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) in TNBC. MYC and MCL1 increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), processes involved in maintenance of CSCs. A mutant of MCL1 that cannot localize in mitochondria reduced mtOXPHOS, ROS levels, and drug-resistant CSCs without affecting the anti-apoptotic function of MCL1. Increased levels of ROS, a by-product of activated mtOXPHOS, led to the accumulation of HIF-1α. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α attenuated CSC enrichment and tumor initiation in vivo. These data suggest that (1) MYC and MCL1 confer resistance to chemotherapy by expanding CSCs via mtOXPHOS and (2) targeting mitochondrial respiration and HIF-1α may reverse chemotherapy resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luis J Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | - Mellissa J Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mónica V Estrada
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sánchez
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Henry Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, 15038 Lima, Perú
| | - Ana Lluch
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Melissa Magdalene Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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208
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Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 with the selective antagonist STO-609 regresses NAFLD. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11793. [PMID: 28924233 PMCID: PMC5603587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of calcium to its intracellular receptor calmodulin (CaM) activates a family of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases. CaMKK2 (Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase 2) is a central member of this kinase family as it controls the actions of a CaMK cascade involving CaMKI, CaMKIV or AMPK. CaMKK2 controls insulin signaling, metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and cancer cell growth highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. STO-609 is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of CaMKK2. Although STO-609 has been used extensively in vitro and in cells to characterize and define new mechanistic functions of CaMKK2, only a few studies have reported the in vivo use of STO-609. We synthesized functional STO-609 and assessed its pharmacological properties through in vitro (kinase assay), ex vivo (human liver microsomes) and in vivo (mouse) model systems. We describe the metabolic processing of STO-609, its toxicity, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in a variety of mouse tissues. Utilizing these data, we show STO-609 treatment to inhibit CaMKK2 function confers protection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These data provide a valuable resource by establishing criteria for use of STO-609 to inhibit the in vivo functions of CaMKK2 and demonstrate its utility for treating metabolically-related hepatic disease.
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209
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Shi H, Zhang L, Qu Y, Hou L, Wang L, Zheng M. Prognostic genes of breast cancer revealed by gene co-expression network analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4535-4542. [PMID: 29085450 PMCID: PMC5649579 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify genes that may serve as markers for breast cancer prognosis by constructing a gene co-expression network and mining modules associated with survival. Two gene expression datasets of breast cancer were downloaded from ArrayExpress and genes from these datasets with a coefficient of variation >0.5 were selected and underwent functional enrichment analysis with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery. Gene co-expression networks were constructed with the WGCNA package in R. Modules were identified from the network via cluster analysis. Cox regression was conducted to analyze survival rates. A total of 2,669 genes were selected, and functional enrichment analysis of them revealed that they were mainly associated with the immune response, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell adhesion. Seven modules were identified from the gene co-expression network, one of which was found to be significantly associated with patient survival time. Expression status of 144 genes from this module was used to cluster patient samples into two groups, with a significant difference in survival time revealed between these groups. These genes were involved in the cell cycle and tumor protein p53 signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes were identified in the module. The findings of the present study could advance the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Shi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Qu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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210
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Coupling between d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase drives bacterial l-serine synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7574-E7582. [PMID: 28827360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619034114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Serine biosynthesis, a crucial metabolic process in most domains of life, is initiated by d-3-phosphoglycerate (d-3-PG) dehydrogenation, a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction catalyzed by d-3-PG dehydrogenase (SerA). d-2-Hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG) is traditionally viewed as an abnormal metabolite associated with cancer and neurometabolic disorders. Here, we reveal that bacterial anabolism and catabolism of d-2-HG are involved in l-serine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. SerA catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) to d-2-HG, responsible for the major production of d-2-HG in vivo. SerA combines the energetically favorable reaction of d-2-HG production to overcome the thermodynamic barrier of d-3-PG dehydrogenation. We identified a bacterial d-2-HG dehydrogenase (D2HGDH), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme, that converts d-2-HG back to 2-KG. Electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) and ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) are also essential in d-2-HG metabolism through their capacity to transfer electrons from D2HGDH. Furthermore, while the mutant with D2HGDH deletion displayed decreased growth, the defect was rescued by adding l-serine, suggesting that the D2HGDH is functionally tied to l-serine synthesis. Substantial flux flows through d-2-HG, being produced by SerA and removed by D2HGDH, ETF, and ETFQO, maintaining d-2-HG homeostasis. Overall, our results uncover that d-2-HG-mediated coupling between SerA and D2HGDH drives bacterial l-serine synthesis.
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211
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Metabolic control of T H17 and induced T reg cell balance by an epigenetic mechanism. Nature 2017; 548:228-233. [PMID: 28783731 PMCID: PMC6701955 DOI: 10.1038/nature23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has been shown to integrate with epigenetics and transcription to modulate cell fate and function. Beyond meeting the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of T-cell differentiation, whether metabolism might control T-cell fate by an epigenetic mechanism is unclear. Here, through the discovery and mechanistic characterization of a small molecule, (aminooxy)acetic acid, that reprograms the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells towards induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells, we show that increased transamination, mainly catalysed by GOT1, leads to increased levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate in differentiating TH17 cells. The accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate resulted in hypermethylation of the Foxp3 gene locus and inhibited Foxp3 transcription, which is essential for fate determination towards TH17 cells. Inhibition of the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutaric acid prevented the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, reduced methylation of the Foxp3 gene locus, and increased Foxp3 expression. This consequently blocked the differentiation of TH17 cells by antagonizing the function of transcription factor RORγt and promoted polarization into iTreg cells. Selective inhibition of GOT1 with (aminooxy)acetic acid ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a therapeutic mouse model by regulating the balance between TH17 and iTreg cells. Targeting a glutamate-dependent metabolic pathway thus represents a new strategy for developing therapeutic agents against TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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212
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Tang X, Ding CK, Wu J, Sjol J, Wardell S, Spasojevic I, George D, McDonnell DP, Hsu DS, Chang JT, Chi JT. Cystine addiction of triple-negative breast cancer associated with EMT augmented death signaling. Oncogene 2017; 36:4235-4242. [PMID: 27869167 PMCID: PMC5438912 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, breast cancers still cause significant mortality. For some patients, especially those with triple-negative breast cancer, current treatments continue to be limited and ineffective. Therefore, there remains an unmet need for a novel therapeutic approach. One potential strategy is to target the altered metabolic state that is rewired by oncogenic transformation. Specifically, this rewiring may render certain outside nutrients indispensable. To identify such a nutrient, we performed a nutrigenetic screen by removing individual amino acids to identify possible addictions across a panel of breast cancer cells. This screen revealed that cystine deprivation triggered rapid programmed necrosis, but not apoptosis, in the basal-type breast cancer cells mostly seen in TNBC tumors. In contrast, luminal-type breast cancer cells are cystine-independent and exhibit little death during cystine deprivation. The cystine addiction phenotype is associated with a higher level of cystine-deprivation signatures noted in the basal type breast cancer cells and tumors. We found that the cystine-addicted breast cancer cells and tumors have strong activation of TNFα and MEKK4-p38-Noxa pathways that render them susceptible to cystine deprivation-induced necrosis. Consistent with this model, silencing of TNFα and MEKK4 dramatically reduces cystine-deprived death. In addition, the cystine addiction phenotype can be abrogated in the cystine-addictive cells by miR-200c, which converts the mesenchymal-like cells to adopt epithelial features. Conversely, the introduction of inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cystine-independent breast cancer cells conferred the cystine-addiction phenotype by modulating the signaling components of cystine addiction. Together, our data reveal that cystine-addiction is associated with EMT in breast cancer during tumor progression. These findings provide the genetic and mechanistic basis to explain how cystine deprivation triggers necrosis by activating pre-existing oncogenic pathways in cystine-addicted TNBC with prominent mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Tang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - C-K Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Sjol
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Wardell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - I Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D George
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - D S Hsu
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J-T Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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213
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M Gagné L, Boulay K, Topisirovic I, Huot MÉ, Mallette FA. Oncogenic Activities of IDH1/2 Mutations: From Epigenetics to Cellular Signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:738-752. [PMID: 28711227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas and leukemias remain highly refractory to treatment, thus highlighting the need for new and improved therapeutic strategies. Mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, such as the isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), are frequently encountered in astrocytomas and secondary glioblastomas, as well as in acute myeloid leukemias; however, the precise molecular mechanisms by which these mutations promote tumorigenesis remain to be fully characterized. Gain-of-function mutations in IDH1/2 have been shown to stimulate production of the oncogenic metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), which inhibits α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes. We review recent advances on the elucidation of oncogenic functions of IDH1/2 mutations, and of the associated oncometabolite R-2HG, which link altered metabolism of cancer cells to epigenetics, RNA methylation, cellular signaling, hypoxic response, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Karine Boulay
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, and Departments of Experimental Medicine, and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec - Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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214
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DACH1 suppresses breast cancer as a negative regulator of CD44. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4361. [PMID: 28659634 PMCID: PMC5489534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1), a key cell fate determination factor, contributes to tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis of human breast neoplasm. However, the exact molecular mechanisms for the anti-tumor roles of DACH1 in breast carcinoma are still lack of extensive understanding. Herein, we utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and public microarray data analysis showing that DACH1 was higher in normal breast, low-grade and luminal-type cancer in comparison with breast carcinoma, high-grade and basal-like tumors respectively. Additionally, both correlation analysis of public databases of human breast carcinoma and IHC analysis of mice xenograft tumors demonstrated that DACH1 inversely related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers and basal-enriched molecules, while cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) behaved in an opposite manner. Furthermore, mice transplanted tumor model indicated that breast cancer cells Met-1 with up-regulation of DACH1 were endowed with remarkably reduced potential of tumorigenesis. Importantly, meta-analysis of 19 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases of breast cancer implicated that patients with higher DACH1 expression had prolonged time to death, recurrence and metastasis, while CD44 was a promising biomarker predicting worse overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). Collectively, our study indicated that CD44 might be a novel target of DACH1 in breast carcinoma.
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215
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Ciccarone F, Vegliante R, Di Leo L, Ciriolo MR. The TCA cycle as a bridge between oncometabolism and DNA transactions in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017. [PMID: 28645607 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exploit metabolic rearrangements for sustaining their high proliferation rate and energy demand. The TCA cycle is a central metabolic hub necessary for ATP production and for providing precursors used in many biosynthetic pathways. Thus, dysregulation of the TCA cycle flux is frequently observed in cancer. The identification of mutations in several enzymes of the TCA cycle in human tumours demonstrated a direct connection between this metabolic pathway and cancer occurrence. Moreover, changes in the expression/activity of these enzymes were also shown to promote metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. In this review, the main genetic and non-genetic alterations of TCA cycle in cancer will be described. Particular attention will be given to extrametabolic roles of TCA cycle enzymes and metabolites underlying the regulation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Vegliante
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele 'La Pisana', Via di Val Cannuta, 00166, Rome, Italy.
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216
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Song W, Hwang Y, Youngblood VM, Cook RS, Balko JM, Chen J, Brantley-Sieders DM. Targeting EphA2 impairs cell cycle progression and growth of basal-like/triple-negative breast cancers. Oncogene 2017; 36:5620-5630. [PMID: 28581527 PMCID: PMC5629103 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like/triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are among the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, and disproportionally affects young premenopausal women and women of African descent. Patients with TNBC suffer a poor prognosis due in part to a lack of molecularly targeted therapies, which represents a critical barrier for effective treatment. Here, we identify EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a clinically relevant target for TNBC. EphA2 expression is enriched in the basal-like molecular subtype in human breast cancers. Loss of EphA2 function in both human and genetically engineered mouse models of TNBC reduced tumor growth in culture and in vivo. Mechanistically, targeting EphA2 impaired cell cycle progression through S-phase via downregulation of c-Myc and stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/KIP1. A small molecule kinase inhibitor of EphA2 effectively suppressed tumor cell growth in vivo, including TNBC patient-derived xenografts. Thus, our data identify EphA2 as a novel molecular target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Y Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - V M Youngblood
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J M Balko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D M Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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217
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Fouad YA, Aanei C. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1016-1036. [PMID: 28560055 PMCID: PMC5446472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg have proved seminal in our understanding of cancer's common traits and in rational drug design. Not free of critique and with understanding of different aspects of tumorigenesis coming into clearer focus in the recent years, we attempt to draw a more organized and updated picture of the cancer hallmarks. We define seven hallmarks of cancer: selective growth and proliferative advantage, altered stress response favoring overall survival, vascularization, invasion and metastasis, metabolic rewiring, an abetting microenvironment, and immune modulation, while highlighting some considerations for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Aanei
- Hematology Laboratory, Pole De Biologie-Pathologie, University Hospital of St EtienneSt Etienne, France
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218
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Camarda R, Williams J, Goga A. In vivo Reprogramming of Cancer Metabolism by MYC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 28443280 PMCID: PMC5386977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have welcomed tremendous advancements toward understanding the functional significance of altered metabolism during tumorigenesis. However, many conclusions drawn from studies of cancer cells in a dish (i.e., in vitro) have been put into question as multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that the metabolism of cells can differ significantly from that of primary tumors (in vivo). This realization, along with the need to identify tissue-specific vulnerabilities of driver oncogenes, has led to an increased focus on oncogene-dependent metabolic programming in vivo. The oncogene c-MYC (MYC) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers, and while its ability to alter cellular metabolism is well-established, translating the metabolic requirements, and vulnerabilities of MYC-driven cancers to the clinic has been hindered by disparate findings from in vitro and in vivo models. This review will provide an overview of the in vivo strategies, mechanisms, and conclusions generated thus far by studying MYC's regulation of metabolism in various cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
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219
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the last years, metabolic reprogramming, fluctuations in bioenergetic fuels, and modulation of oxidative stress became new key hallmarks of tumor development. In cancer, elevated glucose uptake and high glycolytic rate, as a source of adenosine triphosphate, constitute a growth advantage for tumors. This represents the universally known Warburg effect, which gave rise to one major clinical application for detecting cancer cells using glucose analogs: the positron emission tomography scan imaging. Recent Advances: Glucose utilization and carbon sources in tumors are much more heterogeneous than initially thought. Indeed, new studies emerged and revealed a dual capacity of tumor cells for glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. OXPHOS metabolism, which relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, exhibits fine-tuned regulation of respiratory chain complexes and enhanced antioxidant response or detoxification capacity. CRITICAL ISSUES OXPHOS-dependent cancer cells use alternative oxidizable substrates, such as glutamine and fatty acids. The diversity of carbon substrates fueling neoplastic cells is indicative of metabolic heterogeneity, even within tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. Metabolic switch supports cancer cell stemness and their bioenergy-consuming functions, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Moreover, reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial metabolism and nutrient availability are important for interaction with tumor microenvironment components. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and immune cells participate in the metabolic interplay with neoplastic cells. They collectively adapt in a dynamic manner to the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thus participating in tumorigenesis and resistance to treatments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the reciprocal metabolic interplay between stromal, immune, and neoplastic cells will provide a better understanding of treatment resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 462-485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gentric
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mieulet
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
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220
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Morandi A, Taddei ML, Chiarugi P, Giannoni E. Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming That Controls Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Aggressive Tumors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:40. [PMID: 28352611 PMCID: PMC5348536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process allows the trans-differentiation of a cell with epithelial features into a cell with mesenchymal characteristics. This process has been reported to be a key priming event for tumor development and therefore EMT activation is now considered an established trait of malignancy. The transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that governs EMT has been extensively characterized and reviewed in the last decade. However, increasing evidence demonstrates a correlation between metabolic reprogramming and EMT execution. The aim of the current review is to gather the recent findings that illustrate this correlation to help deciphering whether metabolic changes are causative or just a bystander effect of EMT activation. The review is divided accordingly to the catabolic and anabolic pathways that characterize carbohydrate, aminoacid, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, at the end of each part, we have discussed a series of potential metabolic targets involved in EMT promotion and execution for which drugs are either available or that could be further investigated for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Excellence Centre for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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221
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L-2-Hydroxyglutarate production arises from noncanonical enzyme function at acidic pH. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:494-500. [PMID: 28263965 PMCID: PMC5516644 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be produced as either a D(R)- or L(S)- enantiomer, each of which inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes involved in diverse biologic processes. Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase produce D-2HG, which causes a pathologic blockade in cell differentiation. On the other hand, oxygen limitation leads to accumulation of L-2HG, which can facilitate physiologic adaptation to hypoxic stress in both normal and malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyze stereospecific production of L-2HG via ‘promiscuous’ reduction of the alternative substrate αKG. Acidic pH enhances production of L-2HG by promoting a protonated form of αKG that binds to a key residue in the substrate-binding pocket of LDHA. Acid-enhanced production of L-2HG leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in normoxia. These findings offer insights into mechanisms whereby microenvironmental factors influence production of metabolites that alter cell fate and function.
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222
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Noonepalle SK, Gu F, Lee EJ, Choi JH, Han Q, Kim J, Ouzounova M, Shull AY, Pei L, Hsu PY, Kolhe R, Shi F, Choi J, Chiou K, Huang THM, Korkaya H, Deng L, Xin HB, Huang S, Thangaraju M, Sreekumar A, Ambs S, Tang SC, Munn DH, Shi H. Promoter Methylation Modulates Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Induction by Activated T Cells in Human Breast Cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:330-344. [PMID: 28264810 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are modulated in reaction to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, their specific responses to this immune pressure are unknown. In order to address this question, we first used mRNA sequencing to compare the immunophenotype of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and the luminal breast cancer cell line MCF7 after both were cocultured with activated human T cells. Despite similarities in the cytokine-induced immune signatures of the two cell lines, MDA-MD-231 cells were able to transcribe more IDO1 than MCF7 cells. The two cell lines had similar upstream JAK/STAT1 signaling and IDO1 mRNA stability. However, using a series of breast cancer cell lines, IFNγ stimulated IDO1 protein expression and enzymatic activity only in ER-, not ER+, cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine reversed the suppression of IDO1 expression in MCF7 cells, suggesting that DNA methylation was potentially involved in IDO1 induction. By analyzing several breast cancer datasets, we discovered subtype-specific mRNA and promoter methylation differences in IDO1, with TNBC/basal subtypes exhibiting lower methylation/higher expression and ER+/luminal subtypes exhibiting higher methylation/lower expression. We confirmed this trend of IDO1 methylation by bisulfite pyrosequencing breast cancer cell lines and an independent cohort of primary breast tumors. Taken together, these findings suggest that IDO1 promoter methylation regulates anti-immune responses in breast cancer subtypes and could be used as a predictive biomarker for IDO1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 330-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Noonepalle
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Franklin Gu
- Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Qimei Han
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jaejik Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Austin Y Shull
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lirong Pei
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pei-Yin Hsu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiseok Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Katie Chiou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tim H M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Tianjing Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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223
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Attri KS, Murthy D, Singh PK. Racial disparity in metabolic regulation of cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1221-1246. [PMID: 28199202 DOI: 10.2741/4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations and metabolic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer, required for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the disease. While genetic mutations, whether inherited or acquired, are critical for the initiation of tumor development, metabolic reprogramming is an effector mechanism imperative for adaptational transition during the progression of cancer. Recent findings in the literature emphasize the significance of molecular cross-talk between these two cellular processes in regulating signaling and differentiation of cancer cells. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of cancer genomes have highlighted the association of various genic mutations in predicting cancer risk and survival. Oncogenic mutational frequency is heterogeneously distributed among various cancer types in different populations, resulting in varying susceptibility to cancer risk. In this review, we explore and discuss the role of genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes and metabolic oncoregulators to stratify cancer risk in persons of different racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA,
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224
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Interplay between epigenetics and metabolism in oncogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2017; 36:3359-3374. [PMID: 28092669 PMCID: PMC5485177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA and histone modification enzymes at the metabolite level. Conversely, epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering the metabolome. Epigenetic-metabolomic interplay has a critical role in tumourigenesis by coordinately sustaining cell proliferation, metastasis and pluripotency. Understanding the link between epigenetics and metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention may lead to improvements in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries linking epigenetics and metabolism and their underlying roles in tumorigenesis; and highlighted the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these abnormalities in cancer.
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225
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He T, Qiu T, Wang X, Gui H, Wang X, Hu Q, Xia H, Qi G, Wu J, Ma H. Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies enriched foci of cancer stem-like cells in high-grade gliomas. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:195-203. [PMID: 28115854 PMCID: PMC5221654 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s118834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the correlation between choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios determined by multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the distribution of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) in high-grade gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen patients with high-grade gliomas were recruited and underwent 1H-MRS examination before surgery to identify distinct tumor regions with variable Cho/Cr ratios. Using intraoperative neuronavigation, tumor tissues were accurately sampled from regions with high and low Cho/Cr ratios within each tumor. The distribution of CSLCs in samples from glioma tissue regions with different Cho/Cr ratios was quantified by neurosphere culture, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. RESULTS The mean neurosphere formation rate in tissues with high Cho/Cr ratios was significantly increased compared with that in low Cho/Cr ratio tissues (13.94±5.94 per 100 cells vs 8.04±3.99 per 100 cells, P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry indicated that tissues with high Cho/Cr ratios had elevated expression of CD133, nestin, and CD15, relative to low Cho/Cr ratio tissue samples (23.6%±3.8% vs 18.3%±3.3%, 25.2%±4.5% vs 19.8%±2.8%, 24.5%±3.8% vs 17.8%±2.2%, respectively; all P<0.001). Western blot demonstrated that relative CD133 and nestin protein expression in high Cho/Cr ratio regions was significantly higher than that in low Cho/Cr ratio tissue samples (0.50±0.17 vs 0.30±0.08, 0.45±0.13 vs 0.27±0.07, respectively; both P<0.001). The protein expression levels of CD133 and nestin were highly correlated with Cho/Cr ratios (r=0.897 and r=0.861, respectively). CONCLUSION Cho/Cr ratios correlate with the distribution of CSLCs in high-grade gliomas, and this may assist in identifying foci enriched with CSLCs and thus improve the management of high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, The National Key Laboratory Incubation Base, Yinchuan
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Gui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School of Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Qikuan Hu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, The National Key Laboratory Incubation Base, Yinchuan; Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Gaoyang Qi
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
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226
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Perspectives of Reprogramming Breast Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:217-232. [PMID: 29282686 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells remodel metabolic network to maintain their transformed state and survive in a harsh tumor microenvironment. Dysregulated metabolism further interacts with cellular signaling and epigenetics to promote breast cancer development. Meanwhile, breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique metabolic features, which are critical for therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Besides, aberrant metabolism of breast cancer cells reshapes tumor microenvironment, such as promoting cancer vascularization and sabotaging tumor immunity, to accelerate tumor progression. These special metabolic traits not only open vulnerabilities of breast cancer by targeting essential metabolic pathways but also provide promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to facilitate clinical investigations. Studies in the last few decades have significantly advanced our understanding of mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of breast cancer metabolism and metabolic regulation of breast cancer biology. Targeting tumor metabolism serves as a potentially effective therapeutic approach to suppress breast cancer.
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227
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Bekri S. The role of metabolomics in precision medicine. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1273067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen 76000, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, CHU Rouen, IRIB, INSERM U1245, Rouen 76000, France
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228
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Ravez S, Spillier Q, Marteau R, Feron O, Frédérick R. Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of Serine Synthetic Pathway Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2016; 60:1227-1237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Ravez
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Quentin Spillier
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- Pole
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale
et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Romain Marteau
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale
et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
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229
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Dvořák A, Zelenka J, Smolková K, Vítek L, JeŽek P. Background levels of neomorphic 2-hydroxyglutarate facilitate proliferation of primary fibroblasts. Physiol Res 2016; 66:293-304. [PMID: 27982681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell types or tissues contain certain "physiological" levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dvořák
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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230
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Fang X, Zhou W, Wu Q, Huang Z, Shi Y, Yang K, Chen C, Xie Q, Mack SC, Wang X, Carcaboso AM, Sloan AE, Ouyang G, McLendon RE, Bian XW, Rich JN, Bao S. Deubiquitinase USP13 maintains glioblastoma stem cells by antagonizing FBXL14-mediated Myc ubiquitination. J Exp Med 2016; 214:245-267. [PMID: 27923907 PMCID: PMC5206492 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fang et al. show that the deubiquitinase USP13 stabilizes c-Myc in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) by counteracting FBXL14-mediated Myc ubiquitination. c-Myc stabilization maintains GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumor and harbors glioma stem cells (GSCs) with potent tumorigenic capacity. The function of GSCs in tumor propagation is maintained by several core transcriptional regulators including c-Myc. c-Myc protein is tightly regulated by posttranslational modification. However, the posttranslational regulatory mechanisms for c-Myc in GSCs have not been defined. In this study, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinase USP13 stabilizes c-Myc by antagonizing FBXL14-mediated ubiquitination to maintain GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. USP13 was preferentially expressed in GSCs, and its depletion potently inhibited GSC proliferation and tumor growth by promoting c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation. In contrast, overexpression of the ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXL14 induced c-Myc degradation, promoted GSC differentiation, and inhibited tumor growth. Ectopic expression of the ubiquitin-insensitive mutant T58A–c-Myc rescued the effects caused by FBXL14 overexpression or USP13 disruption. These data suggest that USP13 and FBXL14 play opposing roles in the regulation of GSCs through reversible ubiquitination of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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231
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Abstract
The early landmark discoveries in cancer metabolism research have uncovered metabolic processes that support rapid proliferation, such as aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), glutaminolysis, and increased nucleotide biosynthesis. However, there are limitations to the effectiveness of specifically targeting the metabolic processes which support rapid proliferation. First, as other normal proliferative tissues also share similar metabolic features, they may also be affected by such treatments. Secondly, targeting proliferative metabolism may only target the highly proliferating "bulk tumor" cells and not the slower-growing, clinically relevant cancer stem cell subpopulations which may be required for an effective cure. An emerging body of research indicates that altered metabolism plays key roles in supporting proliferation-independent functions of cancer such as cell survival within the ischemic and acidic tumor microenvironment, immune system evasion, and maintenance of the cancer stem cell state. As these aspects of cancer cell metabolism are critical for tumor maintenance yet are less likely to be relevant in normal cells, they represent attractive targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgyu Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
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232
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233
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Oncometabolite D-2-Hydroxyglurate Directly Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and is Associated with Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36289. [PMID: 27824159 PMCID: PMC5099755 DOI: 10.1038/srep36289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deranged metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, playing a significant role in driving the disease process. One such example is the induction of carcinogenesis by the oncometabolite D-2 hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), which is produced by the mutated enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) occurring in subsets of leukaemias and brain tumours. The oncogenic property of D-2HG appears to stem from its ability to interfere with the activities of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including the Jumonji family histone demethylases. Here, we find in colorectal cancer cells that even in the absence of IDH mutation, the levels of D-2HG and its enantiomer L-2HG were elevated through glutamine anaplerosis. D-2HG, but not L-2HG, increased the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 of the promoter region of ZEB1, a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased the expression of the ZEB1 gene to directly induce EMT in colorectal cancer cells. EMT promotes the ability of cancer cells to invade the local tissue and enter into the bloodstream, leading to distant organ metastasis. D-2HG levels were elevated in colorectal cancer specimens, particularly in those associated with distant metastasis, supporting the observations in vitro and implicating the contribution of D-2HG in metastasis, the major cause of death in this disease.
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234
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Sullivan LB, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. Altered metabolite levels in cancer: implications for tumour biology and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:680-693. [PMID: 27658530 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered cell metabolism is a characteristic feature of many cancers. Aside from well-described changes in nutrient consumption and waste excretion, altered cancer cell metabolism also results in changes to intracellular metabolite concentrations. Increased levels of metabolites that result directly from genetic mutations and cancer-associated modifications in protein expression can promote cancer initiation and progression. Changes in the levels of specific metabolites, such as 2-hydroxyglutarate, fumarate, succinate, aspartate and reactive oxygen species, can result in altered cell signalling, enzyme activity and/or metabolic flux. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms that lead to changes in metabolite concentrations in cancer cells, the consequences of these changes for the cells and how they might be exploited to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dan Y Gui
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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235
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Sciacovelli M, Frezza C. Oncometabolites: Unconventional triggers of oncogenic signalling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:175-181. [PMID: 27117029 PMCID: PMC5145802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease thought to be caused by multiple genetic lesions. The recent finding that enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are mutated in cancer rekindled the hypothesis that altered metabolism might also have a role in cellular transformation. Attempts to link mitochondrial dysfunction to cancer uncovered the unexpected role of small molecule metabolites, now known as oncometabolites, in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe how oncometabolites can contribute to tumorigenesis. We propose that lesions of oncogenes and tumour suppressors are only one of the possible routes to tumorigenesis, which include accumulation of oncometabolites triggered by environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciacovelli
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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236
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Li J, Lu J, He Y, Wu Y, Wu Y, Song X, Jiang Y, Tang M, Weng X, Yi W, Luo X, Sun L, Bode AM, Cao Y. A new functional IDH2 genetic variant is associated with the risk of lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1082-1087. [PMID: 27649069 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) were discovered in 70% of low-grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma multiforme. The discovery of an oncogenic function and the identification of onco-metabolites of IDH1/2 support new roles for metabolism in cancer. For example, some evidence indicates that IDH2 might also exhibit oncogenic functions by promoting cellular metabolism and cancer cell growth. We examined the association between IDH2 rs11540478 and lung cancer risk in 262 lung cancer patient cases and 602 healthy control subjects and also investigated the biological function of rs11540478 in vivo. We found that a higher risk was observed in lung cancer patient carriers of rs11540478 TT and CT compared with CC carriers (OR = 1.44; 95%CI = 1.04-2.00; P = 0.03). The frequency of IDH2 rs11540478 TT and CT carriers was decreased in healthy individuals between the ages of 50-77 compared to those aged 30-49 (OR = 0.67; 95%CI = 0.47-0.96; P = 0.03). Functional analysis showed the effect of rs11540478 on IDH2 expression and lung cancer cell viability, with higher IDH2 expression and cell viability among T allele compared with C allele. IDH2 mRNA was higher in peripheral blood lymphocytes from lung cancer patients compared to healthy subjects. Herein, for the first time we identified IDH2 rs11540478 as a new susceptibility locus for lung cancer. The effect of rs11540478 on mRNA expression of IDH2 and lung cancer cell viability might provide new insight for the genetic basis of lung cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Medicine Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Medicine Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, China
| | - Yuee Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxian Weng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
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237
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Gaude E, Frezza C. Tissue-specific and convergent metabolic transformation of cancer correlates with metastatic potential and patient survival. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13041. [PMID: 27721378 PMCID: PMC5062467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo a multifaceted rewiring of cellular metabolism to support their biosynthetic needs. Although the major determinants of this metabolic transformation have been elucidated, their broad biological implications and clinical relevance are unclear. Here we systematically analyse the expression of metabolic genes across 20 different cancer types and investigate their impact on clinical outcome. We find that cancers undergo a tissue-specific metabolic rewiring, which converges towards a common metabolic landscape. Of note, downregulation of mitochondrial genes is associated with the worst clinical outcome across all cancer types and correlates with the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition gene signature, a feature of invasive and metastatic cancers. Consistently, suppression of mitochondrial genes is identified as a key metabolic signature of metastatic melanoma and renal cancer, and metastatic cell lines. This comprehensive analysis reveals unexpected facets of cancer metabolism, with important implications for cancer patients' stratification, prognosis and therapy. Cancer cells reprogramme their metabolism with unclear clinical implications. Here, the authors analyse the expression of metabolic genes across 20 types of solid cancers and find that clinical aggressiveness, poor survival and metastasis are associated with the deregulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Gaude
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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238
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Bhowmik SK, Ramirez-Peña E, Arnold JM, Putluri V, Sphyris N, Michailidis G, Putluri N, Ambs S, Sreekumar A, Mani SA. EMT-induced metabolite signature identifies poor clinical outcome. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42651-60. [PMID: 26315396 PMCID: PMC4767460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics and promotes tumor invasiveness; however relatively little is known about the metabolic reprogramming in EMT. Here we show that breast epithelial cells undergo metabolic reprogramming following EMT. Relative to control, cell lines expressing EMT transcription factors show ≥1.5-fold accumulation of glutamine, glutamate, beta-alanine and glycylleucine as well as ≥1.5-fold reduction of phosphoenolpyruvate, urate, and deoxycarnitine. Moreover, these metabolic alterations were found to be predictive of overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.31–4.2), logrank p-value = 0.03) and define breast cancer molecular subtypes. EMT-associated metabolites are primarily composed of anapleurotic precursors, suggesting that cells undergoing EMT have a shift in energy production. In summary, we describe a unique panel of metabolites associated with EMT and demonstrate that these metabolites have the potential for predicting clinical and biological characteristics associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Kumar Bhowmik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esmeralda Ramirez-Peña
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Michael Arnold
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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239
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Abstract
The resurgence of research into cancer metabolism has recently broadened interests beyond glucose and the Warburg effect to other nutrients, including glutamine. Because oncogenic alterations of metabolism render cancer cells addicted to nutrients, pathways involved in glycolysis or glutaminolysis could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of glutamine metabolism and its involvement in tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, and explore the recent potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E. Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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240
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Abstract
The Nobel prized discovery of nuclear reprogramming is swiftly providing mechanistic evidence of a role for metabolism in the generation of cancer stem cells (CSC). Traditionally, the metabolic demands of tumors have been viewed as drivers of the genetic programming detected in cancer tissues. Beyond the energetic requirements of specific cancer cell states, it is increasingly recognized that metabolism per se controls epi-transcriptional networks to dictate cancer cell fate, i.e., metabolism can define CSC. Here I review the CSC-related metabolic features found in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to provide an easily understandable framework in which the infrastructure and functioning of cellular metabolism might control the efficiency and kinetics of reprogramming in the re-routing of non-CSC to CSC-like cellular states. I suggest exploring how metabolism-dependent regulation of epigenetics can play a role in directing CSC states beyond conventional energetic demands of stage-specific cancer cell states, opening a new dimension of cancer in which the "physiological state" of CSC might be governed not only by cell-autonomous cues but also by local micro-environmental and systemic metabolo-epigenetic interactions. Forthcoming studies should decipher how specific metabolites integrate and mediate the overlap between the CSC-intrinsic "micro-epigenetics" and the "upstream" local and systemic "macro-epigenetics," thus paving the way for targeted epigenetic regulation of CSCs through metabolic modulation including "smart foods" or systemic "metabolic nichotherapies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- a Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory ; Catalan Institute of Oncology ; Girona , Spain.,b Molecular Oncology Group ; Girona Biomedical Research Institute ; Girona , Spain
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241
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Pourteimoor V, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Paryan M. Breast cancer classification and prognostication through diverse systems along with recent emerging findings in this respect; the dawn of new perspectives in the clinical applications. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14479-14499. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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242
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[Metabolome analysis of solid tumors]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 37:204-209. [PMID: 27638539 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-016-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the newest of the omics sciences that also include genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, has matured into a reliable high-throughput technology. Gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) is a suitable method to analyze the central metabolism in fresh frozen tumor tissue samples. Bioinformatics methods, including the PROFILE clustering developed by us, permit integrated analysis and fast interpretation of metabolomics data in the context of enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways. The metabolome analyses of three solid tumor types presented here, together with the results of other authors, show that metabolites are suitable as biomarkers and provide diverse options for translation into the clinical setting.
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243
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Cuyàs E, Martin-Castillo B, Corominas-Faja B, Massaguer A, Bosch-Barrera J, Menendez JA. Anti-protozoal and anti-bacterial antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis kill cancer subtypes enriched for stem cell-like properties. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3527-32. [PMID: 25970790 PMCID: PMC4825717 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Key players in translational regulation such as ribosomes might represent powerful, but hitherto largely unexplored, targets to eliminate drug-refractory cancer stem cells (CSCs). A recent study by the Lisanti group has documented how puromycin, an old antibiotic derived from Streptomyces alboniger that inhibits ribosomal protein translation, can efficiently suppress CSC states in tumorspheres and monolayer cultures. We have used a closely related approach based on Biolog Phenotype Microarrays (PM), which contain tens of lyophilized antimicrobial drugs, to assess the chemosensitivity profiles of breast cancer cell lines enriched for stem cell-like properties. Antibiotics directly targeting active sites of the ribosome including emetine, puromycin and cycloheximide, inhibitors of ribosome biogenesis such as dactinomycin, ribotoxic stress agents such as daunorubicin, and indirect inhibitors of protein synthesis such as acriflavine, had the largest cytotoxic impact against claudin-low and basal-like breast cancer cells. Thus, biologically aggressive, treatment-resistant breast cancer subtypes enriched for stem cell-like properties exhibit exacerbated chemosensitivities to anti-protozoal and anti-bacterial antibiotics targeting protein synthesis. These results suggest that old/existing microbicides might be repurposed not only as new cancer therapeutics, but also might provide the tools and molecular understanding needed to develop second-generation inhibitors of ribosomal translation to eradicate CSC traits in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- a Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) ; Girona; Catalonia , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain.,c Unit of Clinical Research ; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Bruna Corominas-Faja
- a Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) ; Girona; Catalonia , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- d Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit ; Department of Biology; University of Girona ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain.,e Medical Oncology Department ; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- a Metabolism & Cancer Group; Translational Research Laboratory; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) ; Girona; Catalonia , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) ; Girona, Catalonia , Spain
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244
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Montales MTE, Melnyk SB, Liu SJ, Simmen FA, Liu YL, Simmen RCM. Metabolic history impacts mammary tumor epithelial hierarchy and early drug response in mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:677-90. [PMID: 27402613 PMCID: PMC4997088 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emerging links between breast cancer and metabolic dysfunctions brought forth by the obesity pandemic predict a disproportionate early disease onset in successive generations. Moreover, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents may be influenced by the patient's metabolic status that affects the disease outcome. Maternal metabolic stress as a determinant of drug response in progeny is not well defined. Here, we evaluated mammary tumor response to doxorubicin in female mouse mammary tumor virus-Wnt1 transgenic offspring exposed to a metabolically compromised environment imposed by maternal high-fat diet. Control progeny were from dams consuming diets with regular fat content. Maternal high-fat diet exposure increased tumor incidence and reduced tumor latency but did not affect tumor volume response to doxorubicin, compared with control diet exposure. However, doxorubicin-treated tumors from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring demonstrated higher proliferation status (Ki-67), mammary stem cell-associated gene expression (Notch1, Aldh1) and basal stem cell-like (CD29(hi)CD24(+)) epithelial subpopulation frequencies, than tumors from control diet progeny. Notably, all epithelial subpopulations (CD29(hi)CD24(+), CD29(lo)CD24(+), CD29(hi)CD24(+)Thy1(+)) in tumors from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring were refractory to doxorubicin. Further, sera from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring promoted sphere formation of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells and of human MCF7 cells. Untargeted metabolomics analyses identified higher levels of kynurenine and 2-hydroxyglutarate in plasma of high-fat diet than control diet offspring. Kynurenine/doxorubicin co-treatment of MCF7 cells enhanced the ability to form mammosphere and decreased apoptosis, relative to doxorubicin-only-treated cells. Maternal metabolic dysfunctions during pregnancy and lactation may be targeted to reduce breast cancer risk and improve early drug response in progeny, and may inform clinical management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa E Montales
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stepan B Melnyk
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA Arkansas Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shi J Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Y Lucy Liu
- The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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245
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Kim H, Kim S, Lee HH, Heo H. In-Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutated Gliomas: A Technical Review for Neuroradiologists. Korean J Radiol 2016; 17:620-32. [PMID: 27587950 PMCID: PMC5007388 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic potential of an onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) as a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) detectable biomarker of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated (IDH-MT) gliomas has drawn attention of neuroradiologists recently. However, due to severe spectral overlap with background signals, quantification of 2HG can be very challenging. In this technical review for neuroradiologists, first, the biochemistry of 2HG and its significance in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas are summarized. Secondly, various 1H-MRS methods used in the previous studies are outlined. Finally, wereview previous in vivo studies, and discuss the current status of 1H-MRS in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea.; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
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246
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Carnero A, Lleonart M. The hypoxic microenvironment: A determinant of cancer stem cell evolution. Bioessays 2016; 38 Suppl 1:S65-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- Oncohematology and Genetic Department, Molecular Biology of Cancer Group; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla); Seville Spain
| | - Matilde Lleonart
- Pathology Department, Oncology and Pathology Group; Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
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247
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Auslander N, Yizhak K, Weinstock A, Budhu A, Tang W, Wang XW, Ambs S, Ruppin E. A joint analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data uncovers enhanced enzyme-metabolite coupling in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29662. [PMID: 27406679 PMCID: PMC4942812 DOI: 10.1038/srep29662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted regulation of cellular processes is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. We analyze metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles jointly collected from breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma patients to explore the associations between the expression of metabolic enzymes and the levels of the metabolites participating in the reactions they catalyze. Surprisingly, both breast cancer and hepatocellular tumors exhibit an increase in their gene-metabolites associations compared to noncancerous adjacent tissues. Following, we build predictors of metabolite levels from the expression of the enzyme genes catalyzing them. Applying these predictors to a large cohort of breast cancer samples we find that depleted levels of key cancer-related metabolites including glucose, glycine, serine and acetate are significantly associated with improved patient survival. Thus, we show that the levels of a wide range of metabolites in breast cancer can be successfully predicted from the transcriptome, going beyond the limited set of those measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Auslander
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, USA
| | - Keren Yizhak
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adam Weinstock
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anuradha Budhu
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and the Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, USA.,The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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248
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Xu HX, Wu KJ, Tian YJ, Liu Q, Han N, He XL, Yuan X, Wu GS, Wu KM. Expression profile of SIX family members correlates with clinic-pathological features and prognosis of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4085. [PMID: 27399099 PMCID: PMC5058828 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sineoculis homeobox homolog (SIX) family proteins, including SIX1, SIX2, SIX3, SIX4, SIX5, and SIX6, have been implicated in the initiation and progression of breast cancer, but the role of each member in breast tumor is not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the mRNA levels of all 6 members and clinic-pathological characteristics and clinical outcome of breast cancer patients based on the PRISMA statement criteria.ArrayExpress and Oncomine were searched for eligible databases published up to December 10, 2015. The association between the mRNA expression of SIX family members and clinic-pathological features and prognosis was measured by the odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software.In total, 20 published Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases with 3555 patients were analyzed. Our analysis revealed that patients with SIX1 overexpression had worse overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58) and shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.56), and much worse prognosis for luminal breast cancer patients with SIX1 overexpression (OS: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.39; RFS: HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.93). We found that patients with higher SIX2 level had shorter time to both relapse and metastasis. However, high SIX3 mRNA level was a protective factor for OS and RFS of basal-like breast cancer patients.Our study suggested that members of SIX family played distinct roles in breast cancer. Detailed analysis of the expression of the SIX family members might provide useful information to predict breast cancer progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Kong-Ju Wu
- Nursing School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
| | - Yi-Jun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Xue-Lian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Kong-Ming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
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249
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van Geldermalsen M, Wang Q, Nagarajah R, Marshall AD, Thoeng A, Gao D, Ritchie W, Feng Y, Bailey CG, Deng N, Harvey K, Beith JM, Selinger CI, O'Toole SA, Rasko JEJ, Holst J. ASCT2/SLC1A5 controls glutamine uptake and tumour growth in triple-negative basal-like breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:3201-8. [PMID: 26455325 PMCID: PMC4914826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2; SLC1A5) mediates uptake of glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid in rapidly proliferating tumour cells. Uptake of glutamine and subsequent glutaminolysis is critical for activation of the mTORC1 nutrient-sensing pathway, which regulates cell growth and protein translation in cancer cells. This is of particular interest in breast cancer, as glutamine dependence is increased in high-risk breast cancer subtypes. Pharmacological inhibitors of ASCT2-mediated transport significantly reduced glutamine uptake in human breast cancer cell lines, leading to the suppression of mTORC1 signalling, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Notably, these effects were subtype-dependent, with ASCT2 transport critical only for triple-negative (TN) basal-like breast cancer cell growth compared with minimal effects in luminal breast cancer cells. Both stable and inducible shRNA-mediated ASCT2 knockdown confirmed that inhibiting ASCT2 function was sufficient to prevent cellular proliferation and induce rapid cell death in TN basal-like breast cancer cells, but not in luminal cells. Using a bioluminescent orthotopic xenograft mouse model, ASCT2 expression was then shown to be necessary for both successful engraftment and growth of HCC1806 TN breast cancer cells in vivo. Lower tumoral expression of ASCT2 conferred a significant survival advantage in xenografted mice. These responses remained intact in primary breast cancers, where gene expression analysis showed high expression of ASCT2 and glutamine metabolism-related genes, including GLUL and GLS, in a cohort of 90 TN breast cancer patients, as well as correlations with the transcriptional regulators, MYC and ATF4. This study provides preclinical evidence for the feasibility of novel therapies exploiting ASCT2 transporter activity in breast cancer, particularly in the high-risk basal-like subgroup of TN breast cancer where there is not only high expression of ASCT2, but also a marked reliance on its activity for sustained cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Geldermalsen
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Q Wang
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Nagarajah
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A D Marshall
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Thoeng
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Gao
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W Ritchie
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y Feng
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C G Bailey
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Deng
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Harvey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Beith
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C I Selinger
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S A O'Toole
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Holst
- Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Associate, Origins of Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Locked Bag 6, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia. E-mail:
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250
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Chan KWY, Jiang L, Cheng M, Wijnen JP, Liu G, Huang P, van Zijl PCM, McMahon MT, Glunde K. CEST-MRI detects metabolite levels altered by breast cancer cell aggressiveness and chemotherapy response. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:806-16. [PMID: 27100284 PMCID: PMC4873340 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI contrast mechanism that detects the exchange of protons from distinct hydroxyl, amine, and amide groups to tissue water through the transfer of signal loss, with repeated exchange enhancing their effective signal. We applied CEST to detect systematically 15 common cellular metabolites in a panel of differentially aggressive human breast cancer cell lines. The highest CEST contrast was generated by creatine, myo-inositol, glutamate, and glycerophosphocholine, whose cellular concentrations decreased with increasing breast cancer aggressiveness. These decreased metabolite concentrations resulted in turn in a decreased CEST profile with increasing breast cancer aggressiveness in water-soluble extracts of breast cell lines. Treatment of both breast cancer cell lines with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin resulted in increased metabolic CEST profiles, which correlated with significant increases in creatine, phosphocreatine, and glycerophosphocholine. CEST can detect breast cancer aggressiveness and response to chemotherapy in water-soluble extracts of breast cell lines. The presented results help shed light on possible contributions from CEST-active metabolites to the CEST contrast produced by breast cancers. The metabolic CEST profile may improve detection sensitivity over conventional MRS, and may have the potential to assess breast cancer aggressiveness and response to chemotherapy non-invasively using MRI if specialized metabolic CEST profile detection can be realized in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Division, School of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. ,
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. ,
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