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Vieira ML, Persson S, Lopes-Ferreira M, Romero EC, Kirchgatter K, Nascimento ALTO, Herwald H. Heparin-Binding Protein Release Is Strongly Induced by Leptospira Species and Is a Candidate for an Early Diagnostic Marker of Human Leptospirosis. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:996-1006. [PMID: 30299510 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide. Efficient diagnostic methods for early diagnosis of leptospirosis are still lacking, and acute disease presents with nonspecific symptomatology and is often misdiagnosed. The leptospires pathogenic processes and virulence mechanisms remain virtually unknown. In severe infections, hemostatic impairment is frequently observed, and pathophysiological complications often develop when the host response is modulated by the pathogen. The neutrophil heparin-binding protein (HBP) is an inflammatory mediator and potent inducer of vascular leakage. RESULTS In this study, we found that leptospires and their secreted products induce the release of HBP from stimulated neutrophils through a controlled degranulation mechanism. We acknowledged 2 leptospiral proteins as able to induce HBP degranulation. These findings have clinical implications, as high levels of HBP were detected in serum from patients with leptospirosis, especially at the early phase of the disease. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we describe a new mechanism by which the leptospirosis pathophysiological complications may arise, such as vascular leakage and edema formation. We also propose HBP as a new early screening biomarker for human leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica L Vieira
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas
| | - Sandra Persson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Karin Kirchgatter
- Nucleo de Estudos em Malária, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heiko Herwald
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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202
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Khan S, Chan YT, Revelo XS, Winer DA. The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32499756 PMCID: PMC7243349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging represent major health burdens to the global adult population. Both conditions promote the development of associated metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a site that becomes dysfunctional during obesity and aging, and plays a significant role during their pathophysiology. The changes in obese and aging VAT are now recognized to be partly driven by a chronic local inflammatory state, characterized by immune cells that typically adopt an inflammatory phenotype during metabolic disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the immune cell landscape of the VAT during lean, obese, and aged conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss possible linked mechanisms that fuel obesity- and age-associated VAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xavier S. Revelo
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel A. Winer
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203
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Shrestha S, Lee JM, Hong CW. Autophagy in neutrophils. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:1-10. [PMID: 31908569 PMCID: PMC6940497 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation and energy-recycling mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Extensive researches over the past decades have defined the role of autophagy innate immune cells. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in neutrophil biology and a picture of molecular mechanism underlying autophagy in neutrophils. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that comprise the first line of defense against pathogen. Autophagy machineries are highly conserved in neutrophils. Autophagy is not only involved in generalized function of neutrophils such as differentiation in bone marrow but also plays crucial role effector functions of neutrophils such as granule formation, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps release, cytokine production, bactericidal activity and controlling inflammation. This review outlines the current understanding of autophagy in neutrophils and provides insight towards identification of novel therapeutics targeting autophagy in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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204
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Neutrophils remain detrimentally active in hydroxyurea-treated patients with sickle cell disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226583. [PMID: 31869367 PMCID: PMC6927657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilia is a feature of sickle cell disease (SCD) that has been consistently correlated with clinical severity and has been shown to remain highly activated even at steady state. In addition to induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hydroxyurea (HU) leads to reduction in neutrophil count and their adhesion properties, which contributes to the clinical efficacy of HU in SCD. Although HU reduces the frequency and severity of acute vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) and chest syndrome, HU therapy does not abolish these acute clinical events. In this study we investigated whether neutrophils in SCD patients whilst on HU therapy retained features of detrimental pro-inflammatory activity. Freshly isolated neutrophils from SCD patients on HU therapy at steady state and from ethnic-matched healthy controls were evaluated ex vivo for their degranulation response and production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Unstimulated SCD patient neutrophils already produced NETs within 30 minutes, compared to none for healthy neutrophils, and by 4 hours, these neutrophils produced significantly more NETs than the control neutrophils (P = 0.0079**). Higher numbers of neutrophils from SCD patients also showed higher degree of degranulation-related intracellular features compared to healthy neutrophils, including rough-textured cellular membranes (P = 0.03*), double-positivity for F-Actin and CD63 (P = 0.02*) and re-located CD63 within cytoplasm more efficiently than their healthy counterparts (P = 0.02*). The neutrophils from SCD donors released more myeloperoxidase (P = 0.02*) in the absence of any trigger. Our data showed that neutrophils from patients with SCD at steady state remained active during hydroxyurea treatment and are likely to be able to contribute to the SCD pro-inflammatory environment.
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205
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Synthetic Human β Defensin-3-C15 Peptide in Endodontics: Potential Therapeutic Agent in Streptococcus gordonii Lipoprotein-Stimulated Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010071. [PMID: 31861863 PMCID: PMC6982004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human β defensin-3-C15, an epithelium-derived cationic peptide that has antibacterial/antifungal and immuno-regulatory properties, is getting attention as potential therapeutic agent in endodontics. This study aimed to investigate if synthetic human β defensin-3-C15 (HBD3-C15) peptides could inhibit inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), which had been induced by gram-positive endodontic pathogen. hDPC explant cultures were stimulated with Streptococcus gordonii lipoprotein extracts for 24 h to induce expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The cells were then treated with either HBD3-C15 (50 μg/mL) or calcium hydroxide (CH, 100 μg/mL) as control for seven days, to assess their anti-inflammatory effects. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses and multiplex assays showed that S. gordonii lipoprotein induced the inflammatory reaction in hDPCs. There was a significant reduction of IL-8 and MCP-1 within 24 h of treatment with either CH or HBD3-C15 (p < 0.05), which was sustained over 1 week of treatment. Alleviation of inflammation in both medications was related to COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion (p < 0.05), rather than TLR2 changes (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate comparable effects of CH and HDB3-C15 as therapeutic agents for inflamed hDPCs.
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206
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Abstract
Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, which causes bovine besnoitiosis. Recently increased emergence within Europe was responsible for significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to the significant reduction of productivity. However, still limited knowledge exists on interactions between B. besnoiti and host innate immune system. Here, B. besnoiti bradyzoites were successfully isolated from tissue cysts located in skin biopsies of a naturally infected animal, and we aimed to investigate for the first time reactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) exposed to these vital bradyzoites. Freshly isolated bovine PMN were confronted to B. besnoiti bradyzoites. Scanning electron microscopy (s.e.m.)- and immunofluorescence microscopy-analyses demonstrated fine extracellular networks released by exposed bovine PMN resembling suicidal NETosis. Classical NETosis components were confirmed via co-localization of extracellular DNA decorated with histone 3 (H3) and neutrophil elastase (NE). Live cell imaging by 3D holotomographic microscopy (Nanolive®) unveiled rapid vital NETosis against this parasite. A significant increase of autophagosomes visualized by specific-LC3B antibodies and confocal microscopy was observed in B. besnoiti-stimulated bovine PMN when compared to non-stimulated group. As such, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.37; P = 0.042) was found between B. besnoiti-triggered suicidal NETosis and autophagy. These findings suggest that vital- as well as suicidal-NETosis might play a role in early innate host defence mechanisms against released B. besnoiti bradyzoites from tissue cysts, and possibly hampering further parasitic replication. Our data generate first hints on autophagy being associated with B. besnoiti bradyzoite-induced suicidal NETosis and highlighting for first time occurrence of parasite-mediated vital NETosis.
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207
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Eichelberger KR, Jones GS, Goldman WE. Inhibition of Neutrophil Primary Granule Release during Yersinia pestis Pulmonary Infection. mBio 2019; 10:e02759-19. [PMID: 31822588 PMCID: PMC6904878 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02759-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of Yersinia pestis causes primary pneumonic plague, the most severe manifestation of plague that is characterized by a dramatic neutrophil influx to the lungs. Neutrophils are ineffective during primary pneumonic plague, failing to control Y. pestis growth in the airways. However, the mechanisms by which Y. pestis resists neutrophil killing are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Y. pestis inhibits neutrophil degranulation, an important line of host innate immune defense. We observed that neutrophils from the lungs of mice infected intranasally with Y. pestis fail to release primary granules throughout the course of disease. Using a type III secretion system (T3SS) injection reporter strain, we determined that Y. pestis directly inhibits neutrophil granule release by a T3SS-dependent mechanism. Combinatorial mutant analysis revealed that a Y. pestis strain lacking both effectors YopE and YopH did not inhibit primary granule release and is killed by neutrophils both in vivo and in vitro Similarly, Y. pestis strains injecting only YopE or YopH are able to inhibit the majority of primary granule release from human neutrophils. We determined that YopE and YopH block Rac2 activation and calcium flux, respectively, to inhibit neutrophil primary granule release in isolated human neutrophils. These results demonstrate that Y. pestis coordinates the inhibition of neutrophil primary granule release through the activities of two distinct effectors, and this inhibition promotes Y. pestis survival during primary pneumonic plague.IMPORTANCEYersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague and is one of the deadliest human pathogens. The pneumonic form of Y. pestis infection has played a critical role in the severity of both historical and modern plague outbreaks, yet the host-pathogen interactions that govern the lethality of Yersinia pestis pulmonary infections are incompletely understood. Here, we report that Yersinia pestis inhibits neutrophil degranulation during infection, rendering neutrophils ineffective and allowing unrestricted growth of Y. pestis in the lungs. This coordinated inhibition of granule release not only demonstrates the pathogenic benefit of "silencing" lung neutrophils but also reveals specific host processes and pathways that could be manipulated to reduce the severity of primary pneumonic plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R Eichelberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Grant S Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Goldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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208
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Mauler M, Herr N, Schoenichen C, Witsch T, Marchini T, Härdtner C, Koentges C, Kienle K, Ollivier V, Schell M, Dorner L, Wippel C, Stallmann D, Normann C, Bugger H, Walther P, Wolf D, Ahrens I, Lämmermann T, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Ley K, Bode C, Hilgendorf I, Duerschmied D. Platelet Serotonin Aggravates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Neutrophil Degranulation. Circulation 2019; 139:918-931. [PMID: 30586717 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.033942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets store large amounts of serotonin that they release during thrombus formation or acute inflammation. This facilitates hemostasis and modulates the inflammatory response. METHODS Infarct size, heart function, and inflammatory cell composition were analyzed in mouse models of myocardial reperfusion injury with genetic and pharmacological depletion of platelet serotonin. These studies were complemented by in vitro serotonin stimulation assays of platelets and leukocytes in mice and men, and by measuring plasma serotonin levels and leukocyte activation in patients with acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS Platelet-derived serotonin induced neutrophil degranulation with release of myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and increased expression of membrane-bound leukocyte adhesion molecule CD11b, leading to enhanced inflammation in the infarct area and reduced myocardial salvage. In patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome, plasmatic serotonin levels correlated with CD11b expression on neutrophils and myeloperoxidase plasma levels. Long-term serotonin reuptake inhibition-reported to protect patients with depression from cardiovascular events-resulted in the depletion of platelet serotonin stores in mice. These mice displayed a reduction in neutrophil degranulation and preserved cardiac function. In line, patients with depression using serotonin reuptake inhibition, presented with suppressed levels of CD11b surface expression on neutrophils and lower myeloperoxidase levels in blood. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we identify serotonin as a potent therapeutic target in neutrophil-dependent thromboinflammation during myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mauler
- Faculty of Biology (M.M., K.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Herr
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schoenichen
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koentges
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Kienle
- Faculty of Biology (M.M., K.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Group Immune Cell Dynamics (K.K., T.L.), Germany
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Dorner
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Wippel
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Stallmann
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Normann
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Freiburg (C.N.), Germany
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University; Ulm, Germany (P.W.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (D.W., K.L.)
| | - Ingo Ahrens
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Group Immune Cell Dynamics (K.K., T.L.), Germany
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- INSERM Unit 1148, University Paris Diderot (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité (V.O., B.H-T-N.), France
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (D.W., K.L.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Faculty of Medicine (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.W., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., C.N., H.B., D.W., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (M.M., N.H., C.S., T.M., C.H., C.K., M.S., L.D., C.W., D.S., H.B., D.W., I.A., C.B., I.H., D.D.), University of Freiburg, Germany
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Ibrutinib-based therapy impaired neutrophils microbicidal activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the early phases of treatment. Leuk Res 2019; 87:106233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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210
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Metabolic requirements of Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered NETosis. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:545-557. [PMID: 31782011 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Besnoitia besnoiti is the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, a disease affecting both, animal welfare and cattle productivity. NETosis represents an important and early host innate effector mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) that also acts against B. besnoiti tachyzoites. So far, no data are available on metabolic requirements of B. besnoiti tachyzoite-triggered NETosis. Therefore, here we analyzed metabolic signatures of tachyzoite-exposed PMN and determined the relevance of distinct PMN-derived metabolic pathways via pharmacological inhibition experiments. Overall, tachyzoite exposure induced a significant increase in glucose and serine consumption as well as glutamate production in PMN. Moreover, tachyzoite-induced cell-free NETs were significantly diminished via PMN pre-treatments with oxamate and dichloroacetate which both induce an inhibition of lactate release as well as oxythiamine, which inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase, thereby indicating a key role of pyruvate- and lactate-mediated metabolic pathways for proper tachyzoite-mediated NETosis. Furthermore, NETosis was increased by enhanced pH conditions; however, inhibitors of MCT-lactate transporters (AR-C141900, AR-C151858) failed to influence NET formation. Moreover, a significant reduction of tachyzoite-induced NET formation was also achieved by treatments with oligomycin A (inhibitor of ATP synthase) and NF449 (purinergic receptor P2X1 antagonist) thereby suggesting a pivotal role of ATP availability for tachyzoite-mediated NETosis. In summary, the current data provide first evidence on carbohydrate-related metabolic pathways and energy supply to be involved in B. besnoiti tachyzoite-induced NETosis.
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211
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Egholm C, Heeb LEM, Impellizzieri D, Boyman O. The Regulatory Effects of Interleukin-4 Receptor Signaling on Neutrophils in Type 2 Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2507. [PMID: 31708926 PMCID: PMC6821784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor (IL-4R) signaling plays a pivotal role in type 2 immune responses. Type 2 immunity ensures several host-protective processes such as defense against helminth parasites and wound repair, however, type 2 immune responses also drive the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) have not traditionally been considered a part of type 2 immunity. While neutrophils might be beneficial in initiating a type 2 immune response, their involvement and activation is rather unwanted at later stages. This is evidenced by examples of type 2 immune responses where increased neutrophil responses are able to enhance immunity, however, at the cost of increased tissue damage. Recent studies have linked the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling via type I and type II IL-4Rs on neutrophils to inhibition of several neutrophil effector functions. This mechanism directly curtails neutrophil chemotaxis toward potent intermediary chemoattractants, inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and antagonizes the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophils. These effects are observed in both mouse and human neutrophils. Thus, we propose for type 2 immune responses that neutrophils are, as in other immune responses, the first non-resident cells to arrive at a site of inflammation or infection, thereby guiding and attracting other innate and adaptive immune cells; however, as soon as the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 predominate, neutrophil recruitment, chemotaxis, and effector functions are rapidly shut off by IL-4/IL-13-mediated IL-4R signaling in neutrophils to prevent them from damaging healthy tissues. Insight into this neutrophil checkpoint pathway will help understand regulation of neutrophilic type 2 inflammation and guide the design of targeted therapeutic approaches for modulating neutrophils during inflammation and neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas E M Heeb
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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212
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Roelands J, Garand M, Hinchcliff E, Ma Y, Shah P, Toufiq M, Alfaki M, Hendrickx W, Boughorbel S, Rinchai D, Jazaeri A, Bedognetti D, Chaussabel D. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 1 Role in Sepsis and Immunity: Perspectives From a Parallel Review of Public Transcriptome Datasets and of the Literature. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2410. [PMID: 31681299 PMCID: PMC6813721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential role for the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase family member 1 (ACSL1) in the immunobiology of sepsis was explored during a hands-on training workshop. Participants first assessed the robustness of the potential gap in biomedical knowledge identified via an initial screen of public transcriptome data and of the literature associated with ACSL1. Increase in ACSL1 transcript abundance during sepsis was confirmed in several independent datasets. Querying the ACSL1 literature also confirmed the absence of reports associating ACSL1 with sepsis. Inferences drawn from both the literature (via indirect associations) and public transcriptome data (via correlation) point to the likely participation of ACSL1 and ACSL4, another family member, in inflammasome activation in neutrophils during sepsis. Furthermore, available clinical data indicate that levels of ACSL1 and ACSL4 induction was significantly higher in fatal cases of sepsis. This denotes potential translational relevance and is consistent with involvement in pathways driving potentially deleterious systemic inflammation. Finally, while ACSL1 expression was induced in blood in vitro by a wide range of pathogen-derived factors as well as TNF, induction of ACSL4 appeared restricted to flagellated bacteria and pathogen-derived TLR5 agonists and IFNG. Taken together, this joint review of public literature and omics data records points to two members of the acyl-CoA synthetase family potentially playing a role in inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Translational relevance of these observations in the context of sepsis and other inflammatory conditions remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roelands
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Emily Hinchcliff
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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213
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Chiang CC, Cheng WJ, Korinek M, Lin CY, Hwang TL. Neutrophils in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2376. [PMID: 31649677 PMCID: PMC6794444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells. The pathogenic roles of neutrophils are related to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting ~2–3% of the world population. The abundant presence of neutrophils in the psoriatic skin lesions serves as a typical histopathologic hallmark of psoriasis. Recent reports indicated that oxidative stress, granular components, and neutrophil extracellular traps from psoriatic neutrophils are related to the initial and maintenance phases of psoriasis. This review provides an overview on the recent (up to 2019) advances in understanding the role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, including the effects of respiratory burst, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation on psoriatic immunity and the clinical relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Supervisor Board, Taoyuan Chinese Medicine Association, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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214
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Hally KE, Bird GK, La Flamme AC, Harding SA, Larsen PD. Platelets modulate multiple markers of neutrophil function in response to in vitro Toll-like receptor stimulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223444. [PMID: 31581214 PMCID: PMC6776355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to their role in facilitating leukocyte-mediated inflammation, platelets can dampen leukocyte pro-inflammatory responses in some contexts. Consequently, platelets are increasingly appreciated as regulators of inflammation. Together, platelets and neutrophils play a role in inflammation through Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, although we do not fully understand how platelets shape neutrophil responses to TLR stimulation. Here, we aimed to determine the extent to which platelets can modulate neutrophil function in response to in vitro stimulation with TLR4, TLR2/1, and TLR2/6 agonists. METHODS Neutrophils from 10 healthy individuals were cultured alone or with autologous platelets. Neutrophils ± platelets were left unstimulated or were stimulated with 1 or 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a TLR4 agonist), Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2/1 agonist) and fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide (FSL)-1 (a TLR2/6 agonist). Neutrophil activation and phagocytic activity were assessed by flow cytometry, and elastase and interleukin-8 secretion were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The addition of platelets attenuated neutrophil CD66b and CD11b expression in response to various doses of Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. Furthermore, platelet co-culture was associated with higher CD62L expression (indicating reduced CD62L shedding) in response to these TLR agonists. Platelets also reduced elastase secretion in unstimulated cultures and in response to low-dose TLR stimulation. Conversely, platelet co-culture increased neutrophil phagocytosis in unstimulated cultures and in response to low-dose Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. Platelets also increased IL-8 secretion in response to low-dose LPS. CONCLUSION Platelets are complex immunomodulators that can attenuate some, and simultaneously augment other, neutrophil functions. This modulation can occur both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Hally
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgina K. Bird
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anne C. La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Scott A. Harding
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Cardiology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter D. Larsen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand
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215
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Heterogeneity in neutrophil responses to immune complexes. Blood Adv 2019; 3:2778-2789. [PMID: 31554616 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) can trigger inflammation and thrombosis, in part, by activating neutrophils. Much attention has focused on the serologic characteristics of ICs and Fc receptors associated with cellular activation, but few studies have examined host susceptibility to neutrophil activation by ICs. Here, we use a novel whole blood system to investigate the ability of ICs to cause neutrophil activation and degranulation. Using monoclonal anti-platelet factor 4/heparin (PF4/heparin), anti-protamine/heparin antibodies, patient-derived anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, and heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G as model ICs, we demonstrate that heparin-containing ICs cause robust, heparin-dependent neutrophil activation and degranulation which is mediated by both FcγRIIa and complement. Longitudinal testing over a 1-year period shows that an individual's neutrophil response to ICs represents a fixed phenotype resulting in high, intermediate, or low reactivity. Examination of individuals at the extremes of reactivity (high vs low) shows that phenotypic variation resides in the cellular compartment and is correlated with host white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count, but not age, sex, race, polymorphisms in neutrophil Fcγ receptors, or CR1, CR3, and Fcγ receptor expression on neutrophils. Together, these studies demonstrate that susceptibility to neutrophil activation by ICs is intrinsic to the host and is likely genetic in origin. These findings may be relevant to the heterogeneous clinical outcomes seen in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and other IC-mediated disorders and could potentially identify patients at high risk for thrombotic and inflammatory complications.
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216
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Shekhar R, Pai S. Low neutrophil side scatter in chronic kidney disease: An Indian study. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 42:e45-e47. [PMID: 31441597 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Shekhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, India
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217
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Tjondro HC, Loke I, Chatterjee S, Thaysen-Andersen M. Human protein paucimannosylation: cues from the eukaryotic kingdoms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:2068-2100. [PMID: 31410980 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paucimannosidic proteins (PMPs) are bioactive glycoproteins carrying truncated α- or β-mannosyl-terminating asparagine (N)-linked glycans widely reported across the eukaryotic domain. Our understanding of human PMPs remains limited, despite findings documenting their existence and association with human disease glycobiology. This review comprehensively surveys the structures, biosynthetic routes and functions of PMPs across the eukaryotic kingdoms with the aim of synthesising an improved understanding on the role of protein paucimannosylation in human health and diseases. Convincing biochemical, glycoanalytical and biological data detail a vast structural heterogeneity and fascinating tissue- and subcellular-specific expression of PMPs within invertebrates and plants, often comprising multi-α1,3/6-fucosylation and β1,2-xylosylation amongst other glycan modifications and non-glycan substitutions e.g. O-methylation. Vertebrates and protists express less-heterogeneous PMPs typically only comprising variable core fucosylation of bi- and trimannosylchitobiose core glycans. In particular, the Manα1,6Manβ1,4GlcNAc(α1,6Fuc)β1,4GlcNAcβAsn glycan (M2F) decorates various human neutrophil proteins reportedly displaying bioactivity and structural integrity demonstrating that they are not degradation products. Less-truncated paucimannosidic glycans (e.g. M3F) are characteristic glycosylation features of proteins expressed by human cancer and stem cells. Concertedly, these observations suggest the involvement of human PMPs in processes related to innate immunity, tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. The absence of human PMPs in diverse bodily fluids studied under many (patho)physiological conditions suggests extravascular residence and points to localised functions of PMPs in peripheral tissues. Absence of PMPs in Fungi indicates that paucimannosylation is common, but not universally conserved, in eukaryotes. Relative to human PMPs, the expression of PMPs in plants, invertebrates and protists is more tissue-wide and constitutive yet, similar to their human counterparts, PMP expression remains regulated by the physiology of the producing organism and PMPs evidently serve essential functions in development, cell-cell communication and host-pathogen/symbiont interactions. In most PMP-producing organisms, including humans, the N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase isoenzymes and linkage-specific α-mannosidases are glycoside hydrolases critical for generating PMPs via N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT-I)-dependent and GnT-I-independent truncation pathways. However, the identity and structure of many species-specific PMPs in eukaryotes, their biosynthetic routes, strong tissue- and development-specific expression, and diverse functions are still elusive. Deep exploration of these PMP features involving, for example, the characterisation of endogenous PMP-recognising lectins across a variety of healthy and N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase-deficient human tissue types and identification of microbial adhesins reactive to human PMPs, are amongst the many tasks required for enhanced insight into the glycobiology of human PMPs. In conclusion, the literature supports the notion that PMPs are significant, yet still heavily under-studied biomolecules in human glycobiology that serve essential functions and create structural heterogeneity not dissimilar to other human N-glycoprotein types. Human PMPs should therefore be recognised as bioactive glycoproteins that are distinctly different from the canonical N-glycoprotein classes and which warrant a more dedicated focus in glycobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Tjondro
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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218
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Prince CS, Noren Hooten N, Mode NA, Zhang Y, Ejiogu N, Becker KG, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Frailty in middle age is associated with frailty status and race-specific changes to the transcriptome. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5518-5534. [PMID: 31395793 PMCID: PMC6710041 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is an aging-associated syndrome resulting from diminished capacity to respond to stressors and is a significant risk factor for disability and mortality. Although frailty is usually studied in old age, it is present in mid-life. Given the increases in mortality statistics among middle-aged Americans, understanding molecular drivers of frailty in a younger, diverse cohort may facilitate identifying pathways for early intervention. We analyzed frailty-associated, genome-wide transcriptional changes in middle-aged blacks and whites. Next generation RNA sequencing was completed using total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n = 16). We analyzed differential gene expression patterns and completed a parametric analysis of gene set enrichment (PAGE). Differential gene expression was validated using RT-qPCR (n = 52). We identified 5,082 genes differentially expressed with frailty. Frailty altered gene expression patterns and biological pathways differently in blacks and whites, including pathways related to inflammation and immunity. The validation study showed a significant two-way interaction between frailty, race, and expression of the cytokine IL1B and the transcription factor EGR1. The glucose transporter, SLC2A6, the neutrophil receptor, FCGR3B, and the accessory protein, C17orf56, were decreased with frailty. These results suggest that there may be demographic dependent, divergent biological pathways underlying frailty in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calais S Prince
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ngozi Ejiogu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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219
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Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL. Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review. Vet Pathol 2019; 57:6-23. [PMID: 31342866 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819861721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunothrombosis is a potentially beneficial physiological process that aids innate immunity and host defense against pathogen invasion. However, this process can also be damaging when it occurs to excess or in critical blood vessels. Formation of extracellular traps by leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, is central to our understanding of immunothrombosis. In addition to degranulation and phagocytosis, extracellular traps are the third mechanism by which neutrophils combat potential pathogens. These traps consist of extracellular DNA decorated with bactericidal cellular proteins, including elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cathepsins. Neutrophils can release these structures as part of a controlled cell-death process or via a process termed vital NETosis that enables the cells to extrude DNA but remain viable. There is accumulating evidence that NETosis occurs in companion animals, including dogs, horses, and cats, and that it actively contributes to pathogenesis. Numerous studies have been published detailing various methods for identification and quantification of extracellular trap formation, including cell-free DNA, measurements of histones and proteins such as high-mobility group box-1, and techniques involving microscopy and flow cytometry. Here, we outline the present understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms of extracellular trap formation. We critically review the data regarding measurement of NETosis in companion animals, summarize the existing literature on NETosis in veterinary species, and speculate on what therapeutic options these insights might present to clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Unity Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dana N LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronald H L Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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220
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Ilves M, Kinaret PAS, Ndika J, Karisola P, Marwah V, Fortino V, Fedutik Y, Correia M, Ehrlich N, Loeschner K, Besinis A, Vassallo J, Handy RD, Wolff H, Savolainen K, Greco D, Alenius H. Surface PEGylation suppresses pulmonary effects of CuO in allergen-induced lung inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:28. [PMID: 31277695 PMCID: PMC6612204 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. These materials can be hazardous, especially if they are inhaled. As a result, the pulmonary effects of CuO nanomaterials have been studied in healthy subjects but limited knowledge exists today about their effects on lungs with allergic airway inflammation (AAI). The objective of this study was to investigate how pristine CuO modulates allergic lung inflammation and whether surface modifications can influence its reactivity. CuO and its carboxylated (CuO COOH), methylaminated (CuO NH3) and PEGylated (CuO PEG) derivatives were administered here on four consecutive days via oropharyngeal aspiration in a mouse model of AAI. Standard genome-wide gene expression profiling as well as conventional histopathological and immunological methods were used to investigate the modulatory effects of the nanomaterials on both healthy and compromised immune system. RESULTS Our data demonstrates that although CuO materials did not considerably influence hallmarks of allergic airway inflammation, the materials exacerbated the existing lung inflammation by eliciting dramatic pulmonary neutrophilia. Transcriptomic analysis showed that CuO, CuO COOH and CuO NH3 commonly enriched neutrophil-related biological processes, especially in healthy mice. In sharp contrast, CuO PEG had a significantly lower potential in triggering changes in lungs of healthy and allergic mice revealing that surface PEGylation suppresses the effects triggered by the pristine material. CONCLUSIONS CuO as well as its functionalized forms worsen allergic airway inflammation by causing neutrophilia in the lungs, however, our results also show that surface PEGylation can be a promising approach for inhibiting the effects of pristine CuO. Our study provides information for health and safety assessment of modified CuO materials, and it can be useful in the development of nanomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Ilves
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Anneli Sofia Kinaret
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joseph Ndika
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veer Marwah
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Biomedicine Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Manuel Correia
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicky Ehrlich
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandros Besinis
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.,Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Joanne Vassallo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard D Handy
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33100, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Withatanung P, Kurian D, Tangjittipokin W, Plengvidhya N, Titball RW, Korbsrisate S, Stevens JM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Differences in the Response of Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy or Diabetic Subjects to Infection with Capsule-Variant Burkholderia thailandensis. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2848-2858. [PMID: 31244210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Thailand, diabetes mellitus is the most significant risk factor for melioidosis, a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. In this study, neutrophils isolated from healthy or diabetic subjects were infected with B. thailandensis E555, a variant strain with a B. pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide used here as a surrogate micro-organism for B. pseudomallei. At 2 h post-infection, neutrophil proteins were subjected to 4-plex iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis. A total of 341 proteins were identified in two or more samples, of which several proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation were enriched in infected diabetic neutrophils. We validated this finding by demonstrating that infected diabetic neutrophils generated significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 compared to healthy neutrophils. Our data also revealed that infected neutrophils from healthy or diabetic individuals undergo apoptotic cell death at distinctly different rates, with infected diabetic neutrophils showing a diminished ability to delay apoptosis and an increased likelihood of undergoing a lytic form of cell death, compared to infected neutrophils from healthy individuals. Increased expression of inflammatory proteins by infected neutrophils could contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and inflammation in diabetic patients in melioidosis-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian EH25 9RG , United Kingdom
| | - Watip Tangjittipokin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Nattachet Plengvidhya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Richard W Titball
- Department of Biosciences , University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QD , United Kingdom
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian EH25 9RG , United Kingdom
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222
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Cassatella MA, Östberg NK, Tamassia N, Soehnlein O. Biological Roles of Neutrophil-Derived Granule Proteins and Cytokines. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:648-664. [PMID: 31155315 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in human circulation, entertain intense interactions with other leukocyte subsets, platelets, and stromal cells. Molecularly, such interactions are typically communicated through proteins generated during granulopoiesis, stored in granules, or produced on demand. Here, we provide an overview of the mammalian regulation of granule protein production in the bone marrow and the de novo synthesis of cytokines by neutrophils recruited to tissues. In addition, we discuss some of the known biological roles of these protein messengers, and how neutrophil-borne granule proteins and cytokines can synergize to modulate inflammation and tumor development. Decoding the neutrophil interactome is important for therapeutically neutralizing individual proteins to putatively dampen inflammation, or for delivering modified neutrophil-borne proteins to boost host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataliya K Östberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der LMU, München, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site, Munich, Germany.
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223
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Moreau R, Périanin A, Arroyo V. Review of Defective NADPH Oxidase Activity and Myeloperoxidase Release in Neutrophils From Patients With Cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1044. [PMID: 31134093 PMCID: PMC6517494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are highly susceptible to develop bacterial infections and these can trigger multiorgan failure associated with high in-hospital mortality. Neutrophils from patients with decompensated cirrhosis exhibit marked alterations that may explain the susceptibility of these patients to develop bacterial infections. These neutrophil alterations include marked defects in intracellular signaling pathways involving serine/threonine kinases such as protein kinase B (AKT), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the MAP kinases1/2; activation of the NADPH oxidase complex; myeloperoxidase (MPO) release; and bactericidal activity of neutrophils stimulated by the bacterial peptide formyl-Methionine-Leucine-Phenylalanine (fMLF). Impaired activity of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) complex is also related to reduced levels of expression of its major components through post-transcriptional mechanisms. In addition, the catalytic NOX2 component gp91 phox is subject to degradation by elastase highly present in patients' plasma. A defect in the protein kinase B (AKT) and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways may explain the decrease in phosphorylation of p47 phox (an important component of the NADPH oxidase complex) and MPO release, in response to neutrophil stimulation by fMLF. Most of these alterations are reversible ex vivo with TLR7/8 agonists (CL097, R848), raising the possibility that these agonists might be used in the future to restore neutrophil antibacterial functions in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Moreau
- Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,UMRS1149, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Axel Périanin
- Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,UMRS1149, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- EF Clif, EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
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224
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Desoutter J, Ossart C, Lacassagne MN, Regnier A, Marolleau JP, Harrivel V. Cryopreservation and thawing of hematopoietic stem cell CD34-induced apoptosis through caspase pathway activation: Key role of granulocytes. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:612-618. [PMID: 31056424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell damage inescapably occurs during both the freezing and the thawing graft processes for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. To estimate HSC injury, a quality control is performed including: (i) CD34+ quantification; (ii) percentage of CD34+ viability and (iii) evaluation of HSC functional ability to form colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). Apoptosis involves complex pathways such as caspase enzymes. Here, we assess the extent of apoptosis that is caspase-dependent before and after cryoconservation of CD34+, using a Fluorescent Labeled Inhibitor of CAspases (FLICA). METHODS Caspase pathway activation status was evaluated in 46 patients (multiple myeloma [n = 24], lymphoma [n = 22]), by flow cytometry, using a 7-aminoactinomycin-D (7AAD)/FLICA staining test, in CD34+, CD3+, CD14+ and CD56+ cells. Viable 7AAD-/FLICA+ cells were then correlated with various parameters. RESULTS We showed a significant caspase pathway activation, with 23% CD34+/7AAD-/FLICA+ cells after thawing, compared with the 2% described in fresh CD34+ cells (P < 0.0001). Moreover, caspase pathway was significantly activated in thawing CD3+, CD56+ and CD14+ cells. We also report a significant correlation between the rate of CD34+/7AAD-/FLICA+ cells and post-thawing granulocytes count (P = 0.042) and their potential to be differentiated into CFU-GM (P = 0.004). DISCUSSION Our results show substantial cell death, induced by the increase of caspase pathway activation, secondary to the thawing process, and across all study cell types. This observation may affect the immune response quality during recipient aplasia, without detecting a clinical impact. Moreover, caspase pathway activation through CD3+ and CD56+ subpopulations could modify the therapeutic result of donor lymphocytes infusion (DLI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Desoutter
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre de Biologie Humaine, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - Christele Ossart
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lacassagne
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Aline Regnier
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean Pierre Marolleau
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Veronique Harrivel
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre de Biologie Humaine, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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225
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Castillo LA, Birnberg-Weiss F, Rodriguez-Rodrigues N, Martire-Greco D, Bigi F, Landoni VI, Gomez SA, Fernandez GC. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Negatively Regulates the Oxidative Burst in Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:929. [PMID: 31105712 PMCID: PMC6497972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), sequence type 258 (ST258), carbapenamase producer (KPC), commonly infects hospitalized patients that are left with scarce therapeutic option since carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for life-threatening bacterial infections. To improve prevention and treatment, we should better understand the biology of Kpn KPC ST258 infections. Our hypothesis was that Kpn KPC ST258 evade the first line of defense of innate immunity, the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), by decreasing its functional response. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate how the ST258 Kpn clone affects PMN responses, focusing on the respiratory burst, compared to another opportunistic pathogen, Escherichia coli (Eco). We found that Kpn KPC ST258 was unable to trigger bactericidal responses as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NETosis, compared to the high induction observed with Eco, but both bacterial strains were similarly phagocytized and cause increases in cell size and CD11b expression. The absence of ROS induction was also observed with other Kpn ST258 strains negative for KPC. These results reflect certain selectivity in terms of the functions that are triggered in PMN by Kpn, which seems to evade specifically those responses critical for bacterial survival. In this sense, bactericidal mechanisms evasion was associated with a higher survival of Kpn KPC ST258 compared to Eco. To investigate the mechanisms and molecules involved in ROS inhibition, we used bacterial extracts (BE) and found that BE were able to inhibit ROS generation triggered by the well-known ROS inducer, fMLP. A sequence of experiments led us to elucidate that the polysaccharide part of LPS was responsible for this inhibition, whereas lipid A mediated the other responses that were not affected by bacteria, such as cell size increase and CD11b up-regulation. In conclusion, we unraveled a mechanism of immune evasion of Kpn KPC ST258, which may contribute to design more effective strategies for the treatment of these multi-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Birnberg-Weiss
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Rodriguez-Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Martire-Greco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica I Landoni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia A Gomez
- Servicio de Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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226
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Abstract
Neutrophils have always been considered as uncomplicated front-line troopers of the innate immune system equipped with limited proinflammatory duties. Yet recently, the role of the neutrophil has been undergoing a rejuvenation of sorts. Neutrophils are now considered complex cells capable of a significant array of specialized functions, and as an effector of the innate immune response, they are able to regulate many processes such as acute injury and repair, cancer, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammatory processes. Furthermore, evidence exists to indicate that neutrophils also contribute to adaptive immunity by aiding the development of specific adaptive immune responses or guiding the subsequent adaptive immune response. With this revived interest in neutrophils and their many novel functions, it is prudent to review what is currently known about neutrophils and, even more importantly, understand what information is lacking. We discuss the essential features of the neutrophil, from its origins, lifespan, subsets, margination and sequestration of the neutrophil to the death of the neutrophil. We highlight neutrophil recruitment to both infected and injured tissues and outline differences in recruitment of neutrophils between different tissues. Finally, we examine how neutrophils use different mechanisms to either bolster protective immune responses or negatively cause pathological outcomes at different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiong Liew
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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227
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Lee HH, Wang YN, Hung MC. Functional roles of the human ribonuclease A superfamily in RNA metabolism and membrane receptor biology. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:106-116. [PMID: 30902663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human ribonuclease A (hRNase A) superfamily is comprised of 13 members of secretory RNases, most of which are recognized as catabolic enzymes for their ribonucleolytic activity to degrade ribonucleic acids (RNAs) in the extracellular space, where they play a role in innate host defense and physiological homeostasis. Interestingly, human RNases 9-13, which belong to a non-canonical subgroup of the hRNase A superfamily, are ribonucleolytic activity-deficient proteins with unclear biological functions. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that secretory RNases, such as human RNase 5, can be internalized into cells facilitated by membrane receptors like the epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate intracellular RNA species, in particular non-coding RNAs, and signaling pathways by either a ribonucleolytic activity-dependent or -independent manner. In this review, we summarize the classical role of hRNase A superfamily in the metabolism of extracellular and intracellular RNAs and update its non-classical function as a cognate ligand of membrane receptors. We further discuss the biological significance and translational potential of using secretory RNases as predictive biomarkers or therapeutic agents in certain human diseases and the pathological settings for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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228
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Ur Rashid H, Xu Y, Ahmad N, Muhammad Y, Wang L. Promising anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones via inhibition of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E 2, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor κb activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:335-365. [PMID: 30921740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) consist of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and act as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. However, laboratory synthesis of various chalcones has also been reported. Both natural and synthetic chalcones are known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and antituberculosis. These promising activities, ease of synthesis and simple chemical structure have awarded chalcones considerable attraction. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones, caused by their inhibitory action primarily against the activities and expressions of four key inflammatory mediators viz., cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, and nuclear factor κB. Various methodologies for the synthesis of chalcones have been discussed. The potency of recently synthesized chalcones is given in terms of their IC50 values. Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) of a variety of chalcone derivatives have been discussed. Computational methods were applied to calculate the ideal orientation of a typical chalcone scaffold against three enzymes, namely, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase for the formation of stable complexes. The global market of anti-inflammatory drugs and its expected growth (from 2018 to 2026) have been discussed. SAR analysis, docking studies, and future prospects all together provide useful clues for the synthesis of novel chalcones of improved anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, 25000 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yaseen Muhammad
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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229
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von Leden RE, Parker KN, Bates AA, Noble-Haeusslein LJ, Donovan MH. The emerging role of neutrophils as modifiers of recovery after traumatic injury to the developing brain. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:144-154. [PMID: 30876905 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response plays a critical role in traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to ongoing pathogenesis and worsening long-term outcomes. Here we focus on neutrophils, one of the "first responders" to TBI. These leukocytes are recruited to the injured brain where they release a host of toxic molecules including free radicals, proteases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, all of which promote secondary tissue damage. There is mounting evidence that the developing brain is more vulnerable to injury that the adult brain. This vulnerability to greater damage from TBI is, in part, attributed to relatively low antioxidant reserves coupled with an early robust immune response. The latter is reflected in enhanced sensitivity to cytokines and a prolonged recruitment of neutrophils into both cortical and subcortical regions. This review considers the contribution of neutrophils to early secondary pathogenesis in the injured developing brain and raises the distinct possibility that these leukocytes, which exhibit phenotypic plasticity, may also be poised to support wound healing. We provide a basic review of the development, life cycle, and granular contents of neutrophils and evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets for early neuroprotection and functional recovery after injury at early age. While neutrophils have been broadly studied in neurotrauma, we are only beginning to appreciate their diverse roles in the developing brain and the extent to which their acute manipulation may result in enduring neurological recovery when TBI is superimposed upon brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona E von Leden
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Kaila N Parker
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Adrian A Bates
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24(th) St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Linda J Noble-Haeusslein
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24(th) St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Michael H Donovan
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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230
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Zeng MY, Miralda I, Armstrong CL, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J. The roles of NADPH oxidase in modulating neutrophil effector responses. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:27-38. [PMID: 30632295 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic innate immune cells essential for killing bacteria via activation of a wide variety of effector responses and generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Majority of the ROS in neutrophils is generated by activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Independent of their anti-microbial function, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS have emerged as key regulators of host immune responses and neutrophilic inflammation. Data from patients with inherited defects in the NADPH oxidase subunit alleles that ablate its enzyme function as well as mouse models demonstrate profound dysregulation of host inflammatory responses, neutrophil hyper-activation and tissue damage in response to microbial ligands or tissue trauma. A large body of literature now demonstrates how oxidants function as essential signaling molecules that are essential for the regulation of neutrophil responses during priming, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and apoptosis, independent of their role in microbial killing. In this review we summarize how NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants modulate neutrophil function in a cell intrinsic manner and regulate host inflammatory responses. In addition, we summarize studies that have elucidated possible roles of oxidants in neutrophilic responses within the oral mucosa and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Cortney L Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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231
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Díaz-Godínez C, Carrero JC. The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180916. [PMID: 30498092 PMCID: PMC6328873 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Díaz-Godínez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México D.F., México
| | - Julio C Carrero
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México D.F., México
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232
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Abstract
Mast cells are best recognized for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, but increasing evidence supports their role in neurogenic inflammation leading to pain and itch. Mast cells act as a "power house" by releasing algogenic and pruritogenic mediators, which initiate a reciprocal communication with specific nociceptors on sensory nerve fibers. Consequently, nerve fibers release inflammatory and vasoactive neuropeptides, which in turn activate mast cells in a feedback mechanism, thus promoting a vicious cycle of mast cell and nociceptor activation leading to neurogenic inflammation and pain/pruritus. Mechanisms underlying mast cell differentiation, activation, and intercellular interactions with inflammatory, vascular, and neural systems are deeply influenced by their microenvironment, imparting enormous heterogeneity and complexity in understanding their contribution to pain and pruritus. Neurogenic inflammation is central to both pain and pruritus, but specific mediators released by mast cells to promote this process may vary depending upon their location, stimuli, underlying pathology, gender, and species. Therefore, in this review, we present the contribution of mast cells in pathological conditions, including distressing pruritus exacerbated by psychologic stress and experienced by the majority of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and in different pain syndromes due to mastocytosis, sickle cell disease, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpna Gupta
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ilkka T Harvima
- Department of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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233
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Opasawatchai A, Amornsupawat P, Jiravejchakul N, Chan-In W, Spoerk NJ, Manopwisedjaroen K, Singhasivanon P, Yingtaweesak T, Suraamornkul S, Mongkolsapaya J, Sakuntabhai A, Matangkasombut P, Loison F. Neutrophil Activation and Early Features of NET Formation Are Associated With Dengue Virus Infection in Human. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3007. [PMID: 30687301 PMCID: PMC6336714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the immune system in the protection and pathology of natural dengue virus (DENV) has been extensively studied. However, despite studies that have referred to activation of neutrophils in DENV infections, the exact roles of neutrophils remain elusive. Here, we explored the phenotypic and functional responses of neutrophils in a cohort of adult dengue patients. Results indicated that during an acute DENV infection, neutrophils up-regulate CD66b expression, and produce a more robust respiratory response as compared with that in convalescent or healthy individuals; this confirmed in vivo neutrophil activation during DENV infection. Spontaneous decondensation of nuclei, an early event of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was also markedly increased in cells isolated from DENV-infected patients during the acute phase of the infection. In vitro incubation of NETs with DENV-2 virus significantly decreased DENV infectivity. Interestingly, increased levels of NET components were found in the serum of patients with more severe disease form-dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), but not uncomplicated dengue fever, during the acute phase of the infection. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNFα were also increased in DHF patients as compared with those in healthy and DF subjects. This suggested that NETs may play dual roles during DENV infection. The increased ability for NET formation during acute DENV infection appeared to be independent of PAD4-mediated histone H3 hyper-citrullination. Our study suggests that neutrophils are involved in immunological responses to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anunya Opasawatchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panicha Amornsupawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wilawan Chan-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J Spoerk
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Pratap Singhasivanon
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), URA3012, Paris, France
| | - Ponpan Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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234
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary immune cell recruited to the site of bacterial infection, where they can rapidly deploy vesicles filled with various pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial proteins. This degranulation process, combined with oxidative and nitrosative mechanisms, is a major part of the initial host response to kill microorganisms. Neutrophils are one of the main cell types that interact with Yersinia pestis during infection, which is often lethal in the absence of prompt antibiotic treatment. Intradermal inoculation of Y. pestis results in bubonic plague, and inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing Y. pestis results in pneumonic plague. Although neutrophils are recruited to the site of inoculation during both bubonic and pneumonic plague, the neutrophils fail to clear Y. pestis, and, during pneumonic plague, contribute to the development of severe pneumonia. Subverting neutrophil responses is critical to the development of fulminant disease, yet the mechanisms by which Y. pestis impairs neutrophils are poorly understood. Cell culture models are important tools for studying Y. pestis interactions with immune cells. We describe a cell culture model for the infection of human neutrophils with Y. pestis. Neutrophils are isolated from human peripheral blood at high purity and subsequently infected with Y. pestis. We specifically focus on the application of this in vitro infection assay to the analysis of neutrophil degranulation responses.
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235
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Phospholipid transfer protein and alpha-1 antitrypsin regulate Hck kinase activity during neutrophil degranulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15394. [PMID: 30337619 PMCID: PMC6193999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil degranulation is a common feature of many inflammatory disorders, including alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Our group has demonstrated that phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) prevents neutrophil degranulation but serine proteases, which AAT inhibits, cleave PLTP in diseased airways. We propose to identify if airway PLTP activity can be restored by AAT augmentation therapy and how PLTP subdues degranulation of neutrophils in AAT deficient subjects. Airway PLTP activity was lower in AAT deficient patients but elevated in the airways of patients on augmentation therapy. Functional AAT protein (from PiMM homozygotes) prevented PLTP cleavage unlike its mutated ZZ variant (PiZZ). PLTP lowered leukotriene B4 induced degranulation of primary, secondary and tertiary granules from neutrophils from both groups (n = 14/group). Neutrophils isolated from Pltp knockout mice have enhance neutrophil degranulation. Both AAT and PLTP reduced neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production, possibly though their inhibition of the Src tyrosine kinase, Hck. Src kinase inhibitors saracatinib and dasatinib reduced neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production. Therefore, AAT protects PLTP from proteolytic cleavage and both AAT and PLTP mediate degranulation, possibly via Hck tyrosine kinase inhibition. Deficiency of AAT could contribute to reduced lung PLTP activity and elevated neutrophil signaling associated with lung disease.
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236
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van Grinsven E, Leliefeld PHC, Pillay J, van Aalst CW, Vrisekoop N, Koenderman L. A comprehensive three-dimensional assay to assess neutrophil defense against bacteria. J Immunol Methods 2018; 462:83-90. [PMID: 30205106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil antibacterial capacity is measured in animal models and in vitro as an important indicator of neutrophil function. To be able to extrapolate their conclusions, in vitro experiments should mimic the in vivo situation. In vivo, antibacterial capacity depends on multiple steps of bacterial sensing, priming, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing. Therefore, we developed a simply executed assay that involves multiple steps in one assay. The neutrophils were incorporated into a three-dimensional matrix of fibrin fibers, in which they could freely migrate. The fibrin matrix provided a more physiological representation of tissue structure than a shaken suspension and extended ex vivo survival of neutrophils. Staphylococci endogenously producing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) provided a real-time quantification of the bacterial load without the need for lysing the fibrin matrix or counting of colony forming units on agar plates. The delay in bacterial outgrowth serves as a measure for the relative antibacterial capacity of the neutrophils. Additionally, neutrophil capacity could easily be measured high-throughput in a 96-wells format. In this new assay we study neutrophil behavior in a physiologically relevant setting and explore many functions of the neutrophil in a single test. The functional capacity of neutrophils from different in vitro treatments or different donors can directly be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinke van Grinsven
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H C Leliefeld
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corneli W van Aalst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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237
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Weiß E, Kretschmer D. Formyl-Peptide Receptors in Infection, Inflammation, and Cancer. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:815-829. [PMID: 30195466 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) recognize bacterial and mitochondrial formylated peptides as well as endogenous non-formylated peptides and even lipids. FPRs are expressed on various host cell types but most strongly on neutrophils and macrophages. After the discovery of FPRs on leukocytes, it was assumed that these receptors predominantly govern a proinflammatory response resulting in chemotaxis, degranulation, and oxidative burst during infection. However, it is clear that the activation of FPRs has more complex consequences and can also promote the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted associations between FPR function and inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory disorders, cancer, and infection. In this review we discuss these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Weiß
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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238
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Gutierrez DB, Gant-Branum RL, Romer CE, Farrow MA, Allen JL, Dahal N, Nei YW, Codreanu SG, Jordan AT, Palmer LD, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Skaar EP, Norris JL, Caprioli RM. An Integrated, High-Throughput Strategy for Multiomic Systems Level Analysis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3396-3408. [PMID: 30114907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics generate comprehensive data sets, and current biocomputational capabilities allow their efficient integration for systems biology analysis. Published multiomics studies cover methodological advances as well as applications to biological questions. However, few studies have focused on the development of a high-throughput, unified sample preparation approach to complement high-throughput omic analytics. This report details the automation, benchmarking, and application of a strategy for transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses from a common sample. The approach, sample preparation for multi-omics technologies (SPOT), provides equivalent performance to typical individual omic preparation methods but greatly enhances throughput and minimizes the resources required for multiomic experiments. SPOT was applied to a multiomics time course experiment for zinc-treated HL-60 cells. The data reveal Zn effects on NRF2 antioxidant and NFkappaB signaling. High-throughput approaches such as these are critical for the acquisition of temporally resolved, multicondition, large multiomic data sets such as those necessary to assess complex clinical and biological concerns. Ultimately, this type of approach will provide an expanded understanding of challenging scientific questions across many fields.
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239
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Proteases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090244. [PMID: 30154365 PMCID: PMC6162857 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite much development in the area of drug development, currently there are no effective medicines available for the treatment of this disease. An imbalance in the protease: Antiprotease ratio in the COPD lung remains an important aspect of COPD pathophysiology and several studies have shown the efficacy of antiprotease therapy in both in vitro and in vivo COPD models. However more in-depth studies will be required to validate the efficacy of lead drug molecules targeting these proteases. This review discusses the current status of protease-directed drugs used for treating COPD and explores the future prospects of utilizing the potential of antiprotease-based therapeutics as a treatment for this disease.
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240
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Close WL, Glassbrook JE, Gurczynski SJ, Pellett PE. Infection-Induced Changes Within the Endocytic Recycling Compartment Suggest a Roadmap of Human Cytomegalovirus Egress. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1888. [PMID: 30186245 PMCID: PMC6113367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen in developing fetuses, neonates, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms required for virion assembly stand in the way of development of antivirals targeting late stages of viral replication. During infection, HCMV causes a dramatic reorganization of the host endosecretory system, leading to the formation of the cytoplasmic virion assembly complex (cVAC), the site of virion assembly. As part of cVAC biogenesis, the composition and behavior of endosecretory organelles change. To gain more comprehensive understanding of the impact HCMV infection has on components of the cellular endocytic recycling compartment (ERC), we used previously published transcriptional and proteomic datasets to predict changes in the directionality of ERC trafficking. We identified infection-associated changes in gene expression that suggest shifts in the balance between endocytic and exocytic recycling pathways, leading to formation of a secretory trap within the cVAC. Conversely, there was a corresponding shift favoring outbound secretory vesicle trafficking, indicating a potential role in virion egress. These observations are consistent with previous studies describing sequestration of signaling molecules, such as IL-6, and the synaptic vesicle-like properties of mature HCMV virions. Our analysis enabled development of a refined model incorporating old and new information related to the behavior of the ERC during HCMV replication. While limited by the paucity of integrated systems-level data, the model provides an informed basis for development of experimentally testable hypotheses related to mechanisms involved in HCMV virion maturation and egress. Information from such experiments will provide a robust roadmap for rational development of novel antivirals for HCMV and related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Close
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - James E. Glassbrook
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Stephen J. Gurczynski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Philip E. Pellett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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241
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Intersection of phosphate transport, oxidative stress and TOR signalling in Candida albicans virulence. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007076. [PMID: 30059535 PMCID: PMC6085062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is an essential macronutrient required for cell growth and division. Pho84 is the major high-affinity cell-surface phosphate importer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a crucial element in the phosphate homeostatic system of this model yeast. We found that loss of Candida albicans Pho84 attenuated virulence in Drosophila and murine oropharyngeal and disseminated models of invasive infection, and conferred hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing. Susceptibility of cells lacking Pho84 to neutrophil attack depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS): pho84-/- cells were no more susceptible than wild type C. albicans to neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease, or to those whose oxidative burst was pharmacologically inhibited or neutralized. pho84-/- mutants hyperactivated oxidative stress signalling. They accumulated intracellular ROS in the absence of extrinsic oxidative stress, in high as well as low ambient phosphate conditions. ROS accumulation correlated with diminished levels of the unique superoxide dismutase Sod3 in pho84-/- cells, while SOD3 overexpression from a conditional promoter substantially restored these cells’ oxidative stress resistance in vitro. Repression of SOD3 expression sharply increased their oxidative stress hypersensitivity. Neither of these oxidative stress management effects of manipulating SOD3 transcription was observed in PHO84 wild type cells. Sod3 levels were not the only factor driving oxidative stress effects on pho84-/- cells, though, because overexpressing SOD3 did not ameliorate these cells’ hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing ex vivo, indicating Pho84 has further roles in oxidative stress resistance and virulence. Measurement of cellular metal concentrations demonstrated that diminished Sod3 expression was not due to decreased import of its metal cofactor manganese, as predicted from the function of S. cerevisiae Pho84 as a low-affinity manganese transporter. Instead of a role of Pho84 in metal transport, we found its role in TORC1 activation to impact oxidative stress management: overexpression of the TORC1-activating GTPase Gtr1 relieved the Sod3 deficit and ROS excess in pho84-/- null mutant cells, though it did not suppress their hypersensitivity to neutrophil killing or hyphal growth defect. Pharmacologic inhibition of Pho84 by small molecules including the FDA-approved drug foscarnet also induced ROS accumulation. Inhibiting Pho84 could hence support host defenses by sensitizing C. albicans to oxidative stress. Candida albicans is the species most often isolated from patients with invasive fungal disease, and is also a common colonizer of healthy people. It is well equipped to compete for nutrients with bacteria co-inhabiting human gastrointestinal mucous membranes, since it possesses multiple transporters to internalize important nutrients like sugars, nitrogen sources, and phosphate. During infection, the fungus needs to withstand human defense cells that attack it with noxious chemicals, among which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical. We found that a high-affinity phosphate transporter, Pho84, is required for C. albicans’ ability to successfully invade animal hosts and to eliminate ROS. Levels of a fungal enzyme that breaks down ROS, Sod3, were decreased in cells lacking Pho84. A connection between this phosphate transporter and the ROS-detoxifying enzyme was identified in the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway, to which Pho84 is known to provide activating signals when phosphate is abundant. Small molecules that block Pho84 activity impair the ability of C. albicans to detoxify ROS. Since humans manage phosphate differently than fungi and have no Pho84 homolog, a drug that inhibits Pho84 could disable the defense of the fungus against the host.
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242
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Lancaster CE, Ho CY, Hipolito VEB, Botelho RJ, Terebiznik MR. Phagocytosis: what's on the menu? 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:21-29. [PMID: 29791809 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved process. In Protozoa, phagocytosis fulfills a feeding mechanism, while in Metazoa, phagocytosis diversified to play multiple organismal roles, including immune defence, tissue homeostasis, and remodeling. Accordingly, phagocytes display a high level of plasticity in their capacity to recognize, engulf, and process targets that differ in composition and morphology. Here, we review how phagocytosis adapts to its multiple roles and discuss in particular the effect of target morphology in phagocytic uptake and phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Lancaster
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.,b Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheuk Y Ho
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Victoria E B Hipolito
- c Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.,d Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- c Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.,d Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.,b Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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243
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Mitochondrial DNA induces Foley catheter related bladder inflammation via Toll-like receptor 9 activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6377. [PMID: 29686303 PMCID: PMC5913242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder instrumentation engages the innate immune system via neutrophil activation, promoting inflammation and pain. Elevated levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with tissue damage and organ dysfunction. We hypothesized that local bladder trauma induced by a Foley catheter (FC) will result in mtDNA release, migration of neutrophils into the bladder lumen, and activation of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway leading to bladder tissue damage. We randomized 10 swine into two groups receiving uncoated, or chloroquine/N-Acetylcysteine (CQ/NAC)-coated FCs. Urine samples were analyzed for mtDNA activation of TLR9/NF-κB as demonstrated by indicators of neutrophil adhesion, migration, and activation. We found that uncoated FCs resulted in a unique active neutrophil phenotype that correlated with bladder epithelial injury, neutrophilia, necrosis, mtDNA release, TLR9/NF-κB activation, transcription and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced respiratory burst. In our study we observed that the high levels of mtDNA and elevated TLR9/NF-κB activity were ameliorated in the CQ/NAC-coated FC group. These findings suggest that post-migrated bladder luminal neutrophils are involved in local tissue damage and amelioration of the mtDNA/TLR9/NF-κB inflammatory axis may represent a therapeutic target to prevent inflammation, and bladder tissue injury.
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244
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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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245
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Mercer F, Ng SH, Brown TM, Boatman G, Johnson PJ. Neutrophils kill the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis using trogocytosis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003885. [PMID: 29408891 PMCID: PMC5815619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T. vaginalis, a human-infective parasite, causes the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and contributes to adverse inflammatory disorders. The immune response to T. vaginalis is poorly understood. Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells [PMNs]) are the major immune cell present at the T. vaginalis-host interface and are thought to clear T. vaginalis. However, the mechanism of PMN clearance of T. vaginalis has not been characterized. We demonstrate that human PMNs rapidly kill T. vaginalis in a dose-dependent, contact-dependent, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-independent manner. In contrast to phagocytosis, we observed that PMN killing of T. vaginalis involves taking "bites" of T. vaginalis prior to parasite death, using trogocytosis to achieve pathogen killing. Both trogocytosis and parasite killing are dependent on the presence of PMN serine proteases and human serum factors. Our analyses provide the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a mammalian phagocyte using trogocytosis for pathogen clearance and reveal a novel mechanism used by PMNs to kill a large, highly motile target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Mercer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shek Hang Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Grace Boatman
- Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia J. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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246
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Grudzinska FS, Sapey E. Friend or foe? The dual role of neutrophils in lung injury and repair. Thorax 2018; 73:305-307. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stojkov D, Amini P, Oberson K, Sokollik C, Duppenthaler A, Simon HU, Yousefi S. ROS and glutathionylation balance cytoskeletal dynamics in neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4073-4090. [PMID: 29150539 PMCID: PMC5716265 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils can release their genomic DNA as extracellular traps (NETs), which ensnare bacteria and limit their replication. Stojkov et al. find that modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics by reactive oxygen species and glutathionylation controls the degranulation and release of mitochondrial DNA required for NET formation. The antimicrobial defense activity of neutrophils partly depends on their ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), but the underlying mechanism controlling NET formation remains unclear. We demonstrate that inhibiting cytoskeletal dynamics with pharmacological agents or by genetic manipulation prevents the degranulation of neutrophils and mitochondrial DNA release required for NET formation. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein–deficient neutrophils are unable to polymerize actin and exhibit a block in both degranulation and DNA release. Similarly, neutrophils with a genetic defect in NADPH oxidase fail to induce either actin and tubulin polymerization or NET formation on activation. Moreover, neutrophils deficient in glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), an enzyme required for deglutathionylation of actin and tubulin, are unable to polymerize either cytoskeletal network and fail to degranulate or release DNA. Collectively, cytoskeletal dynamics are achieved as a balance between reactive oxygen species–regulated effects on polymerization and glutathionylation on the one hand and the Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation that is required for NET formation on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Poorya Amini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Oberson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Unit of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Duppenthaler
- Unit of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Neumann A, Papareddy P, Westman J, Hyldegaard O, Snäll J, Norrby-Teglund A, Herwald H. Immunoregulation of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation by Endothelial-Derived p33 (gC1q Receptor). J Innate Immun 2017; 10:30-43. [PMID: 29035880 DOI: 10.1159/000480386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a host defence mechanism, known to facilitate the entrapment and growth inhibition of many bacterial pathogens. It has been implicated that the translocation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) from neutrophilic granules to the nucleus is crucial to this process. Under disease conditions, however, excessive NET formation can trigger self-destructive complications by releasing pathologic levels of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). To counteract such devastating immune reactions, the host has to rely on precautions that help circumvent these deleterious effects. Though the induction of DAMP responses has been intensively studied, the mechanisms that are used by the host to down-regulate them are still not understood. In this study, we show that p33 is an endothelial-derived protein that has the ability to annul NET formation. We found that the expression of human p33 is up-regulated in endothelial cells upon infections with Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Using tissue biopsies from a patient with streptococcal necrotising fasciitis, we monitored co-localisation of p33 with MPO. Further in vitro studies revealed that p33 is able to block the formation of DAMP-induced NET formation by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of MPO. Additionally, mice challenged with S. pyogenes bacteria demonstrated diminished MPO activity when treated with p33. Together, our results demonstrate that host-derived p33 has an important immunomodulating function that helps to counterbalance an overwhelming DAMP response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Neumann
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Hong CW. Current Understanding in Neutrophil Differentiation and Heterogeneity. Immune Netw 2017; 17:298-306. [PMID: 29093651 PMCID: PMC5662779 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that conduct effectors functions in the innate immune systems. They are differentiated in the bone marrow (BM) and terminally differentiated neutrophils are then released into systemic circulation. Neutrophils migrate into inflammatory foci through extravasation, reverse transmigration, and chemotaxis. As neutrophils arrive at a target site, they actively participate in eliminating pathogens. They phagocytose bacteria, and eliminate them through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of protease-enriched granules, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Since neutrophils are equipped with toxic arsenals, the activation of neutrophils is tightly controlled. Priming is the process of unlocking safety mechanisms before complete activation of neutrophils. Since the first discovery of neutrophils, they were considered as a homogeneous population with an inflammatory phenotype. However, heterogenous populations of neutrophils were discovered under physiological and pathological conditions. This review outlines the normal differentiation of neutrophils in the BM, and discusses the current understandings of neutrophil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol inhibit the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced neutrophil degranulation and chemotaxis via AKT, p38, and ERK1/2 MAP-Kinase inhibition. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:673-680. [PMID: 28711992 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are polyphenols that are extracted from olives and are major biological active components of olives and olive oil. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exhibit interesting pharmacological effects on cells, and have been shown to have many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were mainly attributed to their ability to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes such as neutrophils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol on other neutrophil functions. METHODS Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors. ROS production was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Degranulation was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity and Western blots. Chemotaxis was assessed by the under-agarose chemotaxis assay. Phosphorylated proteins were assessed by gel electrophoresis and Western blots. RESULTS We show that in addition to their ROS scavenging effect, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol significantly inhibited the bacterial peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF)-induced degranulation of azurophilic and specific granules as measured by myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin release, respectively. We also show that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol reduced fMLF-induced neutrophil chemotaxis. Interestingly, both agents impaired the fMLF-induced AKT, p38MAPKinase, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, signaling molecules that are involved in pathways regulating neutrophil functions. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are not only restricted to their ROS scavenging effect, but also involve the inhibition of two other major pro-inflammatory neutrophil functions.
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