201
|
Kumar R, Sharma A, Singh H, Suating P, Kim HS, Sunwoo K, Shim I, Gibb BC, Kim JS. Revisiting Fluorescent Calixarenes: From Molecular Sensors to Smart Materials. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9657-9721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hardev Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Paolo Suating
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sunwoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Inseob Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Bruce C. Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Saoi M, Li A, McGlory C, Stokes T, von Allmen MT, Phillips SM, Britz-McKibbin P. Metabolic Perturbations from Step Reduction in Older Persons at Risk for Sarcopenia: Plasma Biomarkers of Abrupt Changes in Physical Activity. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070134. [PMID: 31288431 PMCID: PMC6680920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, which may be accelerated during periods of physical inactivity. Declines in skeletal muscle and functionality not only impacts mobility but also increases chronic disease risk, such as type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to measure adaptive metabolic responses to acute changes in habitual activity in a cohort of overweight, pre-diabetic older adults (age = 69 ± 4 years; BMI = 27 ± 4 kg/m2, n = 17) when using non-targeted metabolite profiling by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Participants completed two weeks of step reduction (<1000 steps/day) followed by a two week recovery period, where fasting plasma samples were collected at three time intervals at baseline, after step reduction and following recovery. Two weeks of step reduction elicited increases in circulatory metabolites associated with a decline in muscle energy metabolism and protein degradation, including glutamine, carnitine and creatine (q < 0.05; effect size > 0.30), as well as methionine and deoxycarnitine (p < 0.05; effect size ≈ 0.20) as compared to baseline. Similarly, decreases in uremic toxins in plasma that promote muscle inflammation, indoxyl sulfate and hippuric acid, as well as oxoproline, a precursor used for intramuscular glutathione recycling, were also associated with physical inactivity (p < 0.05; effect size > 0.20). Our results indicate that older persons are susceptible to metabolic perturbations due to short-term step reduction that were not fully reversible with resumption of normal ambulatory activity over the same time period. These plasma biomarkers may enable early detection of inactivity-induced metabolic dysregulation in older persons at risk for sarcopenia not readily measured by current imaging techniques or muscle function tests, which is required for the design of therapeutic interventions to counter these deleterious changes in support of healthy ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saoi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Alice Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mark T von Allmen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Oh HYP, Visvalingam V, Wahli W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology. FASEB J 2019; 33:9706-9730. [PMID: 31237779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802681rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gut is colonized by commensal microorganisms, predominately bacteria that have coevolved in symbiosis with their host. The gut microbiota has been extensively studied in recent years, and many important findings on how it can regulate host metabolism have been unraveled. In healthy individuals, feeding timing and type of food can influence not only the composition but also the circadian oscillation of the gut microbiota. Host feeding habits thus influence the type of microbe-derived metabolites produced and their concentrations throughout the day. These microbe-derived metabolites influence many aspects of host physiology, including energy metabolism and circadian rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate various metabolic processes such as fatty acid metabolism. Similar to the gut microbiota, PPAR expression in various organs oscillates diurnally, and studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence PPAR activities in various metabolic organs. For example, short-chain fatty acids, the most abundant type of metabolites produced by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota, are PPAR agonists. In this review, we highlight how the gut microbiota can regulate PPARs in key metabolic organs, namely, in the intestines, liver, and muscle. Knowing that the gut microbiota impacts metabolism and is altered in individuals with metabolic diseases might allow treatment of these patients using noninvasive procedures such as gut microbiota manipulation.-Oh, H. Y. P., Visvalingam, V., Wahli, W. The PPAR-microbiota-metabolic organ trilogy to fine-tune physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun Penny Oh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Vivegan Visvalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Lin TJ, Tang SC, Liao PY, Dongoran RA, Yang JH, Liu CH. A comparison of L-carnitine and several cardiovascular-related biomarkers between healthy vegetarians and omnivores. Nutrition 2019; 66:29-37. [PMID: 31202134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A plant-based diet has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This study aimed to determine the levels and correlations of CV-related biomarkers and the beneficial role of dietary habits. METHODS A total of 63 healthy vegetarians (n = 32) and omnivores (n = 31) were recruited. The baseline characteristics were recorded and measured (including lipid profiles, blood glucose, etc.). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven circulating CV-related biomarkers. RESULTS L-carnitine (L-Car), L-methionine, and ascorbic acid (AA) were significantly higher in vegetarians than in omnivores. In the vegetarians, L-Car had a negative correlation with triacylglycerols (P = 0.042) and blood glucose (P = 0.048) and a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.049). L-Car was also positively correlated with L-lysine (P = 0.009), L-methionine (P = 0.006), and AA (P = 0.035). The vegetarians' AA also had a negative correlation with L-homocysteine (P = 0.028). In the omnivores, L-Car was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.038). Omnivores' body mass index was positively correlated with L-homocysteine (P = 0.033), and age was positively correlated with trimethylamine N-oxide (P < 0.001) and blood glucose (P = 0.007), but not in vegetarians. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vegetarians have an elevated level of L-Car, which might be associated with endogenous biosynthesis and diet composition. Circulating L-Car might play an important role in CV protection, especially in vegetarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Lin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Chung Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rachmad Anres Dongoran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; National Agency of Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Short-Term Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α and γ Induces Tissue-Specific Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition in Male Wistar Rats. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:8047627. [PMID: 31308847 PMCID: PMC6594300 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8047627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids (FAs) affect certain metabolic routes, including pathways controlled by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), but tissue-specific effects are not well-defined. Thus, the aim was to compare the metabolic response in hepatic, adipose, and cardiac tissues after treatment with specific PPAR agonists. Male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: a control group receiving placebo (n=8); a PPARα agonist group receiving WY-14,643 (n=6); and a PPARγ agonist group receiving rosiglitazone (n=6) for 12 days. All animals received a low-fat standard chow diet and were given a daily dose of placebo or agonist orally. Lipids and FA methyl esters were measured in plasma, liver, and heart and gene expression was measured in liver and adipose tissue, while enzyme activities were measured in liver. Treatment with the PPARα agonist was associated with higher liver mass relative to body weight (liver index), lower plasma, and hepatic total cholesterol, as well as lower plasma carnitine and acylcarnitines, compared with control. In heart, PPARα activation leads to overall lower levels of free FAs and specific changes in certain FAs, compared with control. Furthermore, β-oxidation in liver and the enzymatic activities of well-known PPARα targeted genes were higher following PPARα administration. Overall, rats treated with the PPARα agonist had higher hepatic saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and lower n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, compared to control. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist was associated with a lower liver index, lower plasma triglycerides (TAG) and phospholipids, and higher hepatic phospholipids, compared with control. PPARγ target genes were increased specifically in adipose tissue. Moreover, lower total cardiac FAs and SFA and higher cardiac n-6 PUFA were also associated with PPARγ activation. Altogether, there were characteristic effects of PPARα activation in liver and heart, as well as in plasma. PPARγ effects were not only confined to adipose tissue, but specific effects were also seen in liver, heart, and plasma. In conclusion, short-term treatment with PPAR agonists induced tissue-specific effects on FA composition in liver and heart. Moreover, both PPARα and PPARγ activation lowered plasma TAG and phospholipids, most likely through effects on liver and adipose tissue, respectively. In future studies we aim to reveal whether similar patterns can be found through diet-induced activation of specific pathways.
Collapse
|
206
|
Moreau GB, Ramakrishnan G, Cook HL, Fox TE, Nayak U, Ma JZ, Colgate ER, Kirkpatrick BD, Haque R, Petri WA. Childhood growth and neurocognition are associated with distinct sets of metabolites. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:597-606. [PMID: 31133540 PMCID: PMC6604877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition is a serious global problem that contributes to increased child morbidity and mortality, impaired neurocognitive development, and decreased educational and economic attainment. Current interventions are only marginally effective, and identification of associated metabolic pathways can offer new strategies for intervention. Methods Plasma samples were collected at 9 and 36 months from a subset of the PROVIDE child cohort (n = 130). Targeted metabolomics was performed on bile acids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins. Metabolic associations with linear growth and neurocognitive outcomes at four years were evaluated using correlation and penalized-linear regression analysis as well as conditional random forest modeling. Findings Different metabolites were associated with growth and neurocognitive outcomes. Improved growth outcomes were associated with higher concentrations of hydroxy-sphingomyelin and essential amino acids and lower levels of acylcarnitines and bile acid conjugation. Neurocognitive scores were largely associated with phosphatidylcholine species and early metabolic indicators of inflammation. All metabolites identified explain ~45% of growth and neurocognitive variation. Interpretation Growth outcomes were predominantly associated with metabolites measured early in life (9 months), many of which were biomarkers of insufficient diet, environmental enteric dysfunction, and microbiome disruption. Hydroxy-sphingomyelin was a significant predictor of improved growth. Neurocognitive outcome was predominantly associated with 36 month phosphatidylcholines and inflammatory metabolites, which may serve as important biomarkers of optimal neurodevelopment. The distinct sets of metabolites associated with growth and neurocognition suggest that intervention may require targeted approaches towards distinct metabolic pathways. Fund Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OP1173478); National Institutes of Health (AI043596, CA044579).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Brett Moreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Girija Ramakrishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Heather L Cook
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E Ross Colgate
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William A Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Ferchaud-Roucher V, Barner K, Jansson T, Powell TL. Maternal obesity results in decreased syncytiotrophoblast synthesis of palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. FASEB J 2019; 33:6643-6654. [PMID: 30811959 PMCID: PMC6463919 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802444r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fetus is dependent on delivery of fatty acids (FAs) by the syncytiotrophoblast, the transporting epithelium of the human placenta. Obese pregnant women have dyslipidemia; however, whether obesity impacts placental lipid transport and metabolism remains to be fully established. Palmitoleic acid (POA), an FA with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, is synthesized from palmitic acid (PA) catalyzed by stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity. We hypothesized that the uptake and incorporation of FAs and POA synthesis are reduced in primary human trophoblasts (PHTs) isolated from pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity. Villous cytotrophoblasts were isolated from 7 placentas of obese [body mass index (BMI) = 37.5 ± 1.9] and 12 normal (BMI = 23.6 ± 0.6) mothers. FA uptake and incorporation were assessed using uniformly labeled (U[13C])-FA mixtures of PA, oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Cellular [13C] FAs were quantified both in total cellular lipids and in lipid classes by GC-MS. Uptake and incorporation of [13C] FAs in total cellular lipids were not different in PHTs isolated from obese mothers compared with normal mothers. Only the concentration of OA was increased in the triglyceride fraction (P < 0.05) if the mother was obese. We found an isotopic enrichment of POA after U[13C]-PA treatment, demonstrating SCD activity in PHT cells. Labeled POA content and the POA:PA ratio were significantly lower in PHTs isolated from placentas of obese mothers compared with normal, healthy controls. Decreased syncytiotrophoblast POA synthesis may contribute to insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in the mother, placenta, or fetus (or a combination of the 3) in pregnancies complicated by obesity.-Ferchaud-Roucher, V., Barner, K., Jansson, T., Powell, T. L. Maternal obesity results in decreased syncytiotrophoblast synthesis of palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;,Correspondence: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Research Complex-II, Mail Stop 8613, 12700 East 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail:
| | - Kelsey Barner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;,Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
|
209
|
Lock MC, Darby JRT, Soo JY, Brooks DA, Perumal SR, Selvanayagam JB, Seed M, Macgowan CK, Porrello ER, Tellam RL, Morrison JL. Differential Response to Injury in Fetal and Adolescent Sheep Hearts in the Immediate Post-myocardial Infarction Period. Front Physiol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30890961 PMCID: PMC6412108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Characterizing the response to myocardial infarction (MI) in the regenerative sheep fetus heart compared to the post-natal non-regenerative adolescent heart may reveal key morphological and molecular differences that equate to the response to MI in humans. We hypothesized that the immediate response to injury in (a) infarct compared with sham, and (b) infarct, border, and remote tissue, in the fetal sheep heart would be fundamentally different to the adolescent, allowing for repair after damage. Methods: We used a sheep model of MI induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Surgery was performed on fetuses (105 days) and adolescent sheep (6 months). Sheep were randomly separated into MI (n = 5) or Sham (n = 5) surgery groups at both ages. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological/immunohistochemical staining, and qRT-PCR to assess the morphological and molecular differences between the different age groups in response to infarction. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging showed no difference in fetuses for key functional parameters; however there was a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output in the adolescent sheep heart at 3 days post-infarction. There was no significant difference in functional parameters between MRI sessions at Day 0 and Day 3 after surgery. Expression of genes involved in glucose transport and fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines as well as growth factors and cell cycle regulators remained largely unchanged in the infarcted compared to sham ventricular tissue in the fetus, but were significantly dysregulated in the adolescent sheep. Different cardiac tissue region-specific gene expression profiles were observed between the fetal and adolescent sheep. Conclusion: Fetuses demonstrated a resistance to cardiac damage not observed in the adolescent animals. The manipulation of specific gene expression profiles to a fetal-like state may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat patients following an infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Cardiac Imaging Research Group, Department of Heart Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Mansilla WD, Marinangeli CPF, Ekenstedt KJ, Larsen JA, Aldrich G, Columbus DA, Weber L, Abood SK, Shoveller AK. Special topic: The association between pulse ingredients and canine dilated cardiomyopathy: addressing the knowledge gaps before establishing causation. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:983-997. [PMID: 30615118 PMCID: PMC6396252 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In July 2018, the Food and Drug Administration warned about a possible relationship between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs and the consumption of dog food formulated with potatoes and pulse ingredients. This issue may impede utilization of pulse ingredients in dog food or consideration of alternative proteins. Pulse ingredients have been used in the pet food industry for over 2 decades and represent a valuable source of protein to compliment animal-based ingredients. Moreover, individual ingredients used in commercial foods do not represent the final nutrient concentration of the complete diet. Thus, nutritionists formulating dog food must balance complementary ingredients to fulfill the animal's nutrient needs in the final diet. There are multiple factors that should be considered, including differences in nutrient digestibility and overall bioavailability, the fermentability and quantity of fiber, and interactions among food constituents that can increase the risk of DCM development. Taurine is a dispensable amino acid that has been linked to DCM in dogs. As such, adequate supply of taurine and/or precursors for taurine synthesis plays an important role in preventing DCM. However, requirements of amino acids in dogs are not well investigated and are presented in total dietary content basis which does not account for bioavailability or digestibility. Similarly, any nutrient (e.g., soluble and fermentable fiber) or physiological condition (e.g., size of the dog, sex, and age) that increases the requirement for taurine will also augment the possibility for DCM development. Dog food formulators should have a deep knowledge of processing methodologies and nutrient interactions beyond meeting the Association of American Feed Control Officials nutrient profiles and should not carelessly follow unsubstantiated market trends. Vegetable ingredients, including pulses, are nutritious and can be used in combination with complementary ingredients to meet the nutritional needs of the dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kari J Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Greg Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Lynn Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Sarah K Abood
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Li S, Gao D, Jiang Y. Function, Detection and Alteration of Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Metabolites 2019; 9:E36. [PMID: 30795537 PMCID: PMC6410233 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylcarnitines play an essential role in regulating the balance of intracellular sugar and lipid metabolism. They serve as carriers to transport activated long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation as a major source of energy for cell activities. The liver is the most important organ for endogenous carnitine synthesis and metabolism. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the live with poor prognosis, may strongly influence the level of acylcarnitines. In this paper, the function, detection and alteration of acylcarnitine metabolism in HCC were briefly reviewed. An overview was provided to introduce the metabolic roles of acylcarnitines involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Then different analytical platforms and methodologies were also briefly summarised. The relationship between HCC and acylcarnitine metabolism was described. Many of the studies reported that short, medium and long-chain acylcarnitines were altered in HCC patients. These findings presented current evidence in support of acylcarnitines as new candidate biomarkers for studies on the pathogenesis and development of HCC. Finally we discussed the challenges and perspectives of exploiting acylcarnitine metabolism and its related metabolic pathways as a target for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumour Drugs, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumour Drugs, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Goin-Kochel RP, Scaglia F, Schaaf CP, Berry LN, Dang D, Nowel KP, Laakman AL, Dowell LR, Minard CG, Loh A, Beaudet AL. Side Effects and Behavioral Outcomes Following High-Dose Carnitine Supplementation Among Young Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19830696. [PMID: 30815516 PMCID: PMC6381434 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19830696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dianne Dang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alvin Loh
- Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is a series of complex processes that control influx and efflux of not only hepatic lipid pools, but also organismal pools. Lipid homeostasis is usually tightly controlled by expression, substrate supply, oxidation and secretion that keep hepatic lipid pools relatively constant. However, perturbations of any of these processes can lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Although it is thought that these responses are hepatic arms of the 'thrifty genome', they are maladaptive in the context of chronic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol is likely unique among toxins, in that it perturbs almost all aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism. This complex response is due in part to the large metabolic demand placed on the organ by alcohol metabolism, but also appears to involve more nuanced changes in expression and substrate supply. The net effect is that steatosis is a rapid response to alcohol abuse. Although transient steatosis is largely an inert pathology, the chronicity of alcohol-related liver disease seems to require steatosis. Better and more specific understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol causes steatosis may therefore translate into targeted therapies to treat alcohol-related liver disease and/or prevent its progression.
Collapse
|
214
|
Jia C, Xu H, Xu Y, Xu Y, Shi Q. Serum metabolomics analysis of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by mass spectrometry. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:292-297. [PMID: 30624822 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms caused by elevated androgens (male hormones) in females. PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women between 18 and 44 years. Currently, the pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics is becoming more and more useful for medical research, especially in revealing the mechanism of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of serum metabolic profiles in patients with PCOS and healthy control to better understand the mechanism of this disease. Ten patients with PCOS and 10 healthy people were recruited for this study. The serum samples were collected for LC/MS analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to discover and identify the potential biomarkers. Six biomarkers were found and identified. The biomarkers belonged to different metabolic pathway including lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, androgen metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. Those biomarkers also played different roles in disease progression. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used in research of the mechanism involved in this disease to provide useful information for better understanding of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Jia
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
El Mously S, Abdel Ghaffar H, Magdy R, Hamza S, Mansour M. Carnitine deficiency in epileptic children treated with a diversity of anti-epileptic regimens. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2018; 54:37. [PMID: 30546248 PMCID: PMC6267633 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-018-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carnitine deficiency is relatively common in epileptic patients. The risk factors reported include the combination of valproic acid with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), young age, multiple neurologic disabilities, non-ambulatory status, and being underweight. Objectives To study the level of carnitine deficiency and its associated risk factors among a group of children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with different AEDs. Patients and methods Fifty children with idiopathic epilepsy and 40 age-matched controls were enrolled. For all, serum carnitine level was measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results The mean carnitine level was lower in cases compared to controls (p = 0.04). Patients receiving monotherapy treatment had a high percentage of carnitine deficiency compared to controls (p = 0.04). Patients receiving valproate with other AEDs had a lower level of carnitine compared to controls (p = 0.03). The age of the patients, the duration of treatment, and the doses of different AEDs were not risk factors for carnitine deficiency. Conclusions Carnitine deficiency is common in our population, and the use of valproate with other AEDs is considered the most important risk factor for it in epileptic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Remon Magdy
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum City, 63611 Egypt
| | - Somaia Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum City, 63611 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum City, 63611 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Volani C, Paglia G, Smarason SV, Pramstaller PP, Demetz E, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Weiss G. Metabolic Signature of Dietary Iron Overload in a Mouse Model. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120264. [PMID: 30544931 PMCID: PMC6315421 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential co-factor for several metabolic processes, including the Krebs cycle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate iron balance is essential to ensure sufficient energy production and to avoid excessive reactive oxygen species formation. Iron overload impairs mitochondrial fitness; however, little is known about the associated metabolic changes. Here we aimed to characterize the metabolic signature triggered by dietary iron overload over time in a mouse model, where mice received either a standard or a high-iron diet. Metabolic profiling was assessed in blood, plasma and liver tissue. Peripheral blood was collected by means of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS). Extracted blood and tissue metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined to high resolution mass spectrometry. Upon dietary iron loading we found increased glucose, aspartic acid and 2-/3-hydroxybutyric acid levels but low lactate and malate levels in peripheral blood and plasma, pointing to a re-programming of glucose homeostasis and the Krebs cycle. Further, iron loading resulted in the stimulation of the urea cycle in the liver. In addition, oxidative stress was enhanced in circulation and coincided with increased liver glutathione and systemic cysteine synthesis. Overall, iron supplementation affected several central metabolic circuits over time. Hence, in vivo investigation of metabolic signatures represents a novel and useful tool for getting deeper insights into iron-dependent regulatory circuits and for monitoring of patients with primary and secondary iron overload, and those ones receiving iron supplementation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Sigurdur V Smarason
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Pochini L, Galluccio M, Scalise M, Console L, Indiveri C. OCTN: A Small Transporter Subfamily with Great Relevance to Human Pathophysiology, Drug Discovery, and Diagnostics. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 24:89-110. [PMID: 30523710 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218812821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OCTN is a small subfamily of membrane transport proteins that belongs to the larger SLC22 family. Two of the three members of the subfamily, namely, OCTN2 and OCTN1, are present in humans. OCTN2 plays a crucial role in the absorption of carnitine from diet and in its distribution to tissues, as demonstrated by the occurrence of severe pathologies caused by malfunctioning or altered expression of this transporter. These findings suggest avoiding a strict vegetarian diet during pregnancy and in childhood. Other roles of OCTN2 are related to the traffic of carnitine derivatives in many tissues. The role of OCTN1 is still unclear, despite the identification of some substrates such as ergothioneine, acetylcholine, and choline. Plausibly, the transporter acts on the control of inflammation and oxidative stress, even though knockout mice do not display phenotypes. A clear role of both transporters has been revealed in drug interaction and delivery. The polyspecificity of the OCTNs is at the base of the interactions with drugs. Interestingly, OCTN2 has been recently exploited in the prodrug approach and in diagnostics. A promising application derives from the localization of OCTN2 in exosomes that represent a noninvasive diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- 1 Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,2 CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Hall JA, Fritsch DA, Jewell DE, Burris PA, Gross KL. Cats with IRIS stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease maintain body weight and lean muscle mass when fed food having increased caloric density, and enhanced concentrations of carnitine and essential amino acids. Vet Rec 2018; 184:190. [PMID: 30514741 PMCID: PMC6589452 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, randomised, 6-month feeding trial was performed in 28 adult cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD). All cats were assigned to either a control food: Royal Canin Renal Support A Feline, dry or a test food: Hill's Prescription Diet k/d Feline with chicken, dry. Food intake was recorded daily; body weight weekly; and serum, urine, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and body condition assessments were performed at 0, 1, 3 and 6 months. Twenty cats (9 control, 11 test group) completed the study according to protocol. Cats consuming control food had significant loss of body weight (n=14; mean, -13.0 per cent, P<0.0001) and lean body mass (LBM; mean, -11.1 per cent, P<0.0001) over the 6-month feeding period, whereas cats consuming test food had a significant increase in body weight (n=14; mean, 5.8 per cent, P=0.003) and no change in LBM (P=0.42). Cats consumed 23 per cent more calories (P=0.05) when fed test food (mean, 207.1 kcal/day) compared with cats fed control food (mean, 168.0 kcal/day). Serum creatinine increased at a faster rate (P=0.0004) in cats consuming control food compared with cats consuming test food. Cats consuming test food had increased caloric and essential amino acid intake, increased body weight, stable biomarkers of kidney function and maintained LBM compared with cats consuming control food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Dale A Fritsch
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| | - Patricia A Burris
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| | - Kathy L Gross
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Madsen KL, Preisler N, Rasmussen J, Hedermann G, Olesen JH, Lund AM, Vissing J. L-Carnitine Improves Skeletal Muscle Fat Oxidation in Primary Carnitine Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4580-4588. [PMID: 30219858 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism. Patients with PCD are risk for sudden heart failure upon fasting or illness if they are not treated with daily l-carnitine. OBJECTIVE To investigate energy metabolism during exercise in patients with PCD with and without l-carnitine treatment. DESIGN Interventional study. SETTING Hospital exercise laboratories and department of cardiology. PARTICIPANTS Eight adults with PCD who were homozygous for the c.95A>G (p.N32S) mutation and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. INTERVENTION Four-day pause in l-carnitine treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total fatty acid and palmitate oxidation rates during 1-hour submaximal cycle ergometer exercise assessed with stable isotope method (U13C-palmitate and 2H2-d-glucose) and indirect calorimetry with and without l-carnitine. RESULTS Total fatty acid oxidation rate was higher in patients with l-carnitine treatment during exercise than without treatment [12.3 (SD, 3.7) vs 8.5 (SD, 4.6) µmol × kg-1 × min-1; P = 0.008]. However, the fatty acid oxidation rate was still lower in patients treated with l-carnitine than in the healthy controls [29.5 (SD, 10.1) µmol × kg-1 × min-1; P < 0.001] and in the l-carnitine group without treatment it was less than one third of that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001). In line with this, the palmitate oxidation rates during exercise were lower in the no-treatment period [144 (SD, 66) µmol × kg-1 × min-1] than during treatment [204 (SD, 84) µmol × kg-1 × min-1; P = 0.004) . CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that patients with PCD have limited fat oxidation during exercise. l-Carnitine treatment in asymptomatic patients with PCD may not only prevent cardiac complications but also boost skeletal muscle fat metabolism during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lindhardt Madsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Preisler
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Rasmussen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Gitte Hedermann
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jess Have Olesen
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Meldgaard Lund
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Han J, Higgins R, Lim MD, Atkinson K, Yang J, Lin K, Borchers CH. Isotope-labeling derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine for LC/multiple-reaction monitoring-mass-spectrometry-based quantitation of carnitines in dried blood spots. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
221
|
Wang R, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Song L, Ma R, Dong J. L-carnitine ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in diabetic mice with a corresponding increase in insulin‑like growth factor‑1 level. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:743-751. [PMID: 30431101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the common complications in diabetes, affecting more than half of patients with diabetes. L‑carnitine (LC) was recently demonstrated to serve a positive role in ameliorating DPN. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of LC in ameliorating DPN. Male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into five groups, including the control group, diabetes mellitus group, pre‑treatment group, treatment group and post‑treatment group. Type 2 diabetes was induced in mice using a combination of high‑fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Subsequently, peripheral neuropathy was measured and the levels of LC, insulin and insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) were detected. When diabetic mice were treated with LC, the levels of IGF‑1 in the plasma and pancreas were increased. In addition, hyperalgesia, as determined by the tail‑flick test as well as food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels were decreased. An amelioration of demyelination, axonal atrophy and mitochondria swelling in the nerve fibres of diabetic mice was also observed. The present study demonstrated that LC ameliorated peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic mice and the effect of LC may in part be mediated by an increase in local and circulatory IGF‑1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Liuxin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Special Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Console L, Scalise M, Indiveri C. Exosomes in inflammation and role as biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 488:165-171. [PMID: 30419221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosomal-derived nano-vesicles. They are considered vehicles through which donor cells transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to target cells thus influencing their metabolism. Exosomes are involved in inflammatory processes that play a pivotal role in a large number of pathologic states including cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. The association between inflammation and change in nature or expression level of some exosomal cargos is the fundamental step for identifying possible novel biomarkers of inflammatory-based diseases. A novel interesting exosome cargo is the SLC22A5 transport protein whose level in exosomes is regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine INF-γ. The advantage of using exosomes as a biomarker vehicle consists of their ease of collection from body fluids such as urine and saliva as they may represent a non-invasive means for screening human pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Izadi Firouzabadi L, Geer K, Mead P. Severe hyperammonaemic encephalopathy resulting from the overlap between hepatic and valproate encephalopathy. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:664. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
224
|
Airaksinen K, Jokkala J, Ahonen I, Auriola S, Kolehmainen M, Hanhineva K, Tiihonen K. High-Fat Diet, Betaine, and Polydextrose Induce Changes in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800455. [PMID: 30290084 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High-fat diets are a likely cause of low-grade inflammation and obesity-related pathologies. This study measures the effects of a high-fat diet, in combination with two dietary supplements-betaine and polydextrose-on metabolism and inflammation in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and compared with low-fat-diet-fed control animals (n = 10). For the last 4 weeks, the high-fat-diet-fed animals are supplemented with 1% betaine, 3.33% polydextrose, their combination, or plain water. Fat depots from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are analyzed for inflammatory markers and nontargeted metabolomics by quantitative PCR and LC-QTOF-MS. The high-fat diet significantly increases adipose tissue inflammation in both fat depots. By metabolic profiling, clear differences are noted between low-fat-diet and high-fat-diet groups with regard to the levels of several metabolite species-primarily carnitines, lipids, and amino acids. Dietary betaine mitigates the high-fat-diet-induced IL-6 expression and significantly increases betaine and butyrobetaine levels in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The high-fat diet induces patent changes in carnitine and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Betaine supplementation elevates the levels of betaine and its derivatives and certain carnitine species, as reported in muscle and liver, and moderately reduces inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Airaksinen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, 02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Jenna Jokkala
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, 02460, Kantvik, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Yang Y, Sadri H, Prehn C, Adamski J, Rehage J, Dänicke S, Saremi B, Sauerwein H. Acylcarnitine profiles in serum and muscle of dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids or a control fat supplement during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:754-767. [PMID: 30343917 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines (ACC) are formed when fatty acid (FA)-coenzyme A enters the mitochondria for β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the carnitine shuttle. Concentrations of ACC may vary depending on the metabolic conditions, but can accumulate when rates of β-oxidation exceed those of tricarboxylic acid. This study aimed to characterize muscle and blood serum acylcarnitine profiles, to determine the mRNA abundance of muscle carnitine acyltransferases, and to test whether dietary supplementation (from d 1 in milk) with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA; 100 g/d; each 12% of trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA; n = 11) altered these compared with control fat-supplemented cows (CTR; n = 10). Blood samples and biopsies from the semitendinosus musclewere collected on d -21, 1, 21, and 70 relative to parturition. Serum and muscle ACC profiles were quantified using a targeted metabolomics approach. The CLA supplement did not affect the variables examined. The serum concentration of free carnitine decreased with the onset of lactation. The concentrations of acetylcarnitine, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, and the sum of short-chain ACC in serum were greater from d -21 to 21 than thereafter. The serum concentrations of long-chain ACC tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1) and octadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1) concentrations were greater on d 1 and 21 compared with d -21. Muscle carnitine remained unchanged, whereas short- and medium-chain ACC, including propenoylcarnitine (C3:1), hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine, hexenoylcarnitine (C6:1), and pimelylcarnitine were increased on d 21 compared with d -21 and decreased thereafter. In muscle, the concentrations of long-chain ACC (from C14 to C18) were elevated on d 1. The mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform (CPT1B) increased 2.8-fold from d -21 to 1, followed by a decline to nearly prepartum values by d 70, whereas that of CPT2 did not change over time. The majority of serum and muscle short- and long-chain ACC were positively correlated with the FA concentrations in serum, whereas serum carnitine and C5 were negatively correlated with FA. Time-related changes in the serum and muscle ACC profiles were demonstrated that were not affected by the CLA supplement at the dosage used in the present study. The elevated concentrations of long-chain ACC species in muscle and of serum acetylcarnitine around parturition point to incomplete FA oxidation were likely due to insufficient metabolic adaptation in response to the load of FA around parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - C Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan 85350, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - J Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University for Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Saremi
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Davani-Davari D, Karimzadeh I, Sagheb MM, Khalili H. The Renal Safety of L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, and Glutamine in Athletes and Bodybuilders. J Ren Nutr 2018; 29:221-234. [PMID: 30341034 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major concerns about taking amino acid supplements is their potential adverse effects on the kidney as a major organ involved in the metabolism and excretion of exogenous substances. The aim of this study is to review available data about renal safety of the most prominent amino acid supplements including L-arginine, glutamine and also L-carnitine as well as creatine (as amino acid derivatives) in athletes and bodybuilders. The literature was searched by keywords such as "L-carnitine", "L-arginine", "glutamine", and "kidney injury" in databases such as Scopus, Medline, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Articles published from 1950 to December 2017 were included. Among 3171, 5740, and 1608 records after primary search in the relevant databases, 8, 7, and 5 studies have been finally included, respectively, for L-carnitine, L-arginine, and glutamine in this review. Arginine appears to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on kidney function. However, adverse effects are unlikely to occur with the routine doses (from 3 to >100 g/day). The risks and benefits of L-carnitine on the athletes' and bodybuilders' kidney have not been evaluated yet. However, L-carnitine up to 6000 mg/day is generally considered to be a safe supplement at least in healthy adults. Both short-term (20-30 g within a few hours) and long-term (0.1 g/kg four times daily for 2 weeks) glutamine supplementation in healthy athletes were associated with no significant adverse effects, but it can cause glomerulosclerosis and serum creatinine level elevation in the setting of diabetic nephropathy. Creatine supplementation (ranged from 5 to 30 g/day) also appears to have no detrimental effects on kidney function of individuals without underlying renal diseases. More clinical data are warranted to determine the optimal daily dose and intake duration of common supplemental amino acids associated with the lowest renal adverse effects in sportsmen and sports women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Davani-Davari
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Incubator, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Sagheb
- Nephrology-Urology Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Ascorbic acid metabolites are involved in intraocular pressure control in the general population. Redox Biol 2018; 20:349-353. [PMID: 30391827 PMCID: PMC6223183 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for glaucoma. Mechanisms involved in its homeostasis are not well understood, but associations between metabolic factors and IOP have been reported. To investigate the relationship between levels of circulating metabolites and IOP, we performed a metabolome-wide association using a machine learning algorithm, and then employing Mendelian Randomization models to further explore the strength and directionality of effect of the metabolites on IOP. We show that O-methylascorbate, a circulating Vitamin C metabolite, has a significant IOP-lowering effect, consistent with previous knowledge of the anti-hypertensive and anti-oxidative role of ascorbate compounds. These results enhance understanding of IOP control and may potentially benefit future IOP treatment and reduce vision loss from glaucoma. Vitamin C and its metabolites are highly concentrated in human brain and eye tissues. Multi-omics analysis finds evidence for association between ascorbic acid metabolism and intraocular pressure. O-methylascorbate lowers intraocular pressure in the general population. O-methylascorbate's role in intraocular pressure regulation is likely mediated by its anti-photooxidative properties.
Collapse
|
228
|
Radfar S, Ghoreishi SM. Experimental extraction of L-Carnitine from oyster mushroom with supercritical carbon dioxide and methanol as co-solvent: Modeling and optimization. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
229
|
Vidot H, Cvejic E, Carey S, Strasser SI, McCaughan GW, Allman-Farinelli M, Shackel NA. Randomised clinical trial: oral taurine supplementation versus placebo reduces muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:704-712. [PMID: 30136291 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful muscle cramps occur in the majority of patients with cirrhosis impacting significantly on quality of life and sleep patterns. They are frequently unrecognised or overlooked. Current management is based on anecdotal evidence or case study reports. AIM To investigate the effect of oral taurine supplementation on frequency, duration, and intensity of muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS Patients with chronic liver disease who experienced three or more muscle cramps/week were enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised control, crossover, taurine dose-variable study. Each participant received either taurine supplementation or placebo for 4 weeks then crossed to the alternative arm. Primary outcome data for frequency, duration, and intensity of muscle cramps was recorded by participants. Participants recorded frequency, duration, and location of muscle cramps. Biochemical parameters, including serum taurine and methionine levels, were measured at each time point. Linear mixed models were used to analyse outcomes. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the study and 30 patients completed the protocol. Participants who were unable to complete the protocol were not included in the final analysis due to the absence of outcome data. The mean age of participants was 54.7 years and 70% were males. Oral taurine supplementation increased serum taurine levels (P < 0.001). There were no adverse side effects associated with taurine supplementation. Participants receiving 2 g taurine/d experienced a reduction in cramp frequency (seven cramps fewer/fortnight, P = 0.03), duration (89 minutes less/fortnight P = 0.03), and severity (1.4 units less on a Likert scale P < 0.004) compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation with 2 g taurine/d results in a clinically significant reduction in the frequency, duration, and intensity of muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease. Taurine should be considered as a safe and effective intervention in the management of muscle cramps in individuals with chronic liver disease. This study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register: ACTRN12612000289819.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vidot
- Department Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Research Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Carey
- Department Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Irene Strasser
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey William McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer, Centenary Research Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Kamei Y, Kamei D, Tsuchiya K, Mineshima M, Nitta K. Association between 4-year all-cause mortality and carnitine profile in maintenance hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201591. [PMID: 30133480 PMCID: PMC6104933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients on dialysis are in a chronic carnitine-deficient state. This condition may be associated with abnormalities of the fatty acid and organic acid metabolisms. Carnitine is required for β-oxidation of the long-chain fatty acids; therefore, carnitine deficiency decreases the efficiency of ATP synthesis and may incur death. However, the details of this association remain unknown. We examined the relationship between β-oxidation efficiency represented by the carnitine profile and 4-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods The carnitine profiles of 122 hemodialysis patients were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The associations between the 4-year all-cause mortality and carnitine profile as well as the clinical backgrounds of the patients were investigated. A survival analysis was conducted by the Kaplan–Meier survival method and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis. The bootstrap method was performed to confirm the stability and robustness of our model. Results Of the 122 subjects analyzed, 111 were selected and 24 died during the observation period. Stepwise multivariable Cox regression demonstrated that diabetes state [Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 4.981 (2.107–11.77)], age [HR (95% CI), 1.052 (1.014–1.091)], and the acetylcarnitine/(palmitoylcarnitine+octadecenoylcarnitine) [C2/(C16+C18:1)] ratio [HR (95% CI), 0.937 (0.904–0.971)] were independent significant factors of 4-year all-cause mortality. The bootstrap method confirmed the significance of these three factors. Conclusion The 4-year all-cause mortality negatively correlated with the C2/(C16+C18:1) ratio. Improvement of the impaired β-oxidation state after L-carnitine administration may ameliorate prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuiko Kamei
- Departments of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Kamei
- Departments of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Departments of Blood Purification, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Departments of Clinical Engineering Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Departments of Clinical Engineering Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Mineshima
- Departments of Blood Purification, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Departments of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Papaevangelou E, Almeida GS, Box C, deSouza NM, Chung Y. The effect of FASN inhibition on the growth and metabolism of a cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma model. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:992-1002. [PMID: 29569717 PMCID: PMC6055739 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key regulator of the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been demonstrated in a variety of cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and increased multidrug resistance. Inhibition of FASN with the anti-obesity drug orlistat has been shown to have significant anti-tumourigenic effects in many cancers, notably breast and prostate. In our study, we investigated whether FASN inhibition using orlistat is an effective adjunctive treatment for ovarian cancers that have become platinum resistant using a cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumour xenograft model in mice. Mice were treated with orlistat or cisplatin or a combination and metabolite analysis and histopathology were performed on the tumours ex vivo. Orlistat decreased tumour fatty acid metabolism by inhibiting FASN, cisplatin reduced fatty acid β-oxidation, and combination treatment delayed tumour growth and induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells over and above that with either treatment alone. Combination treatment also decreased glutamine metabolism, nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Our data suggest that orlistat chemosensitised platinum-resistant ovarian cancer to treatment with platinum and resulted in enhanced efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, BelmontSuttonSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | - Gilberto S. Almeida
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, BelmontSuttonSurreyUnited Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine (ICTEM)Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Carol Box
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, BelmontSuttonSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | - Nandita M. deSouza
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, BelmontSuttonSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | - Yuen‐Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, BelmontSuttonSurreyUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Ohara M, Ogawa K, Suda G, Kimura M, Maehara O, Shimazaki T, Suzuki K, Nakamura A, Umemura M, Izumi T, Kawagishi N, Nakai M, Sho T, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ohnishi S, Sakamoto N. L-Carnitine Suppresses Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:906-918. [PMID: 30094402 PMCID: PMC6078216 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a major cause of secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia makes the prognosis worse; thus, novel therapeutic options for sarcopenia in patients with LC are urgently required as they are currently limited. In this retrospective study, 158 patients with LC were screened, and 35 of those patients who were treated with L‐carnitine for more than 6 months and for whom skeletal muscle mass changes could be evaluated by computer tomography were enrolled. Of the 158 patients, 79 patients who did not receive L‐carnitine supplementation served as controls. Cases and controls were propensity score matched for age, sex, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and branched chain amino acid administration, and changes in skeletal muscle mass and clinical data were compared. The 35 patients who received L‐carnitine supplementation and 35 propensity score‐matched patients who did not receive carnitine supplementation comprised the final enrollment. Compared with control patients, patients who received L‐carnitine had significantly worse liver function, which is associated with rapid progress of skeletal muscle depletion. However, loss of skeletal muscle mass was significantly suppressed in patients receiving L‐carnitine, and a significant effect was observed in patient subgroups stratified by age, sex, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and branched chain amino acid administration. The change ratios of most laboratory data, including vitamin D and insulin‐like growth factor 1 levels, were similar in the two groups, but ammonia levels were significantly less in those receiving L‐carnitine. However, even in patients receiving L‐carnitine but not showing an ammonia decrease, loss of skeletal muscle was significantly suppressed. Conclusion: L‐carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass and may therefore be a novel therapeutic option for sarcopenia in patients with LC. (Hepatology Communications 2018; 00:000‐000)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Tomoe Shimazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Akihisa Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Machiko Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Takaaki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Regulation of endogenic metabolites by rosuvastatin in hyperlipidemia patients: An integration of metabolomics and lipidomics. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
234
|
Ferraretto A, Bottani M, Villa I, Giusto L, Signo M, Senesi P, Montesano A, Vacante F, Luzi L, Rubinacci A, Terruzzi I. L-Carnitine activates calcium signaling in human osteoblasts. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
235
|
Chmurzynska A, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Malinowska AM, Różycka A, Radziejewska A, Szwengiel A, Kurzawińska G, Barlik M, Jagodziński PP, Drews K. PEMT rs12325817 and PCYT1A rs7639752 polymorphisms are associated with betaine but not choline concentrations in pregnant women. Nutr Res 2018; 56:61-70. [PMID: 30055775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal metabolism during gestation may depend on nutrient intake but also on polymorphism of genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism of different nutrients. Data on choline or carnitine metabolism in pregnant women are scarce. We hypothesized that (1) choline intake in Polish pregnant women is inadequate and (2) choline and carnitine metabolism would differ by genotype and nutritional status of pregnant women. One hundred three healthy Polish women aged 18 to 44 years in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in the study. The average choline, folate, and carnitine intakes were 365 ± 14 mg/d, 1089 ± 859 μg, and 132 ± 8 mg/d, respectively. Most women did not achieve an adequate intake of choline. Average choline, betaine, trimethylamine oxide, l-carnitine, and acetylcarnitine concentrations were 10.64 ± 3.30 μmol/L, 14.43 ± 4.01 μmol/L, 2.01 ± 1.24 μmol/L, 12.73 ± 5.41 μmol/L, and 6.79 ± 3.82 μmol/L, respectively. Approximately 15% lower betaine concentrations were observed in the GG homozygotes of PEMT rs12325817 and in the GG homozygotes of PCYT1A rs7639752 than in the respective minor allele carriers. Birth weight was higher in the G allele homozygotes of the CHDH rs2289205 than in the minor allele carriers: GG: 3398 ± 64 g; GA+AA: 3193 ± 76 g. Our study shows that choline intake in Polish pregnant women is inadequate and that polymorphisms of PEMT rs12325817 and PCYT1A rs7639752 are associated with betaine but not choline concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chmurzynska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences.
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna M Malinowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences
| | - Agata Różycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences
| | - Anna Radziejewska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Barlik
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Kobayashi T, Kawai H, Nakano O, Abe S, Kamimura H, Sakamaki A, Kamimura K, Tsuchiya A, Takamura M, Yamagiwa S, Terai S. Rapidly declining skeletal muscle mass predicts poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:756. [PMID: 30041616 PMCID: PMC6056944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who receive transcatheter intra-arterial therapies, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy, remains unclear. We investigated the prognostic value of skeletal muscle loss (SML) stratified by cutoffs for sarcopenia and rate of change in skeletal muscle mass over 6 months. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 102 patients with HCC treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies between 2005 and 2015. Computed tomography images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were analyzed to obtain the skeletal muscle area normalized for the height squared, defined as the skeletal muscle index at L3 (L3 SMI), before and 6 months after treatment. Low or high SMI was defined using cutoff values of 42 cm2/m2 in men and 38 cm2/m2 in women. The rate of change in skeletal muscle mass (ΔL3 SMI) over 6 months was calculated. Overall survival (OS) was compared in groups classified by baseline L3 SMI and ΔL3 SMI; prognostic significance was assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses, using Cox proportional hazards models. Results OS did not differ significantly between groups with low (n = 31) and high (n = 71) SMI at baseline (P = 0.172), but OS was significantly poorer in patients with SML (n = 41), defined as ΔL3 SMI < − 4.6% over 6 months than in those without SML (n = 61, P = 0.018). On multivariate analysis, SML (hazard ratio [HR], 1.675; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.031–2.721; P = 0.037), serum alpha-fetoprotein ≥20 ng/mL (HR, 2.550; 95% CI, 1.440–4.515; P = 0.001), and maximum tumor diameter ≥ 30 mm (HR, 1.925; 95% CI, 1.166–3.179; P = 0.010) were independent predictors of poor OS. Baseline L3 SMI was not significantly associated with OS (HR, 1.405; 95% CI, 0.861–2.293; P = 0.174). Conclusions ΔL3 SMI was an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC treated with transcatheter intra-arterial therapies. Further study is required to reveal whether prevention of skeletal muscle depletion might be a new therapeutic strategy to contribute to improved clinical outcomes in patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Oki Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagiwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Fatanmi OO, Singh VK. A Metabolomic Serum Signature from Nonhuman Primates Treated with a Radiation Countermeasure, Gamma-tocotrienol, and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:3-11. [PMID: 29787425 PMCID: PMC5967639 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for and development of radiation countermeasures to treat acute lethal radiation injury has been underway for the past six decades, resulting in the identification of multiple classes of radiation countermeasures. However, to date only granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neupogen) and PEGylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. Gamma-tocotrienol has demonstrated radioprotective efficacy in murine and nonhuman primate models. Currently, this agent is under advanced development as a radioprotector, and the authors are trying to identify its efficacy biomarkers. In this study, global metabolomic changes were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The pilot study using 16 nonhuman primates (8 nonhuman primates each in gamma-tocotrienol- and vehicle-treated groups), with samples obtained from gamma-tocotrienol-treated and irradiated nonhuman primates, demonstrates several metabolites that are altered after irradiation, including compounds involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, purine catabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The machine-learning algorithm, Random Forest, separated control, irradiated gamma-tocotrienol-treated, and irradiated vehicle-treated nonhuman primates at 12 h and 24 h as evident in a multidimensional scaling plot. Primary metabolites validated included carnitine/acylcarnitines, amino acids, creatine, and xanthine. Overall, gamma-tocotrienol administration reduced high fluctuations in serum metabolite levels, suggesting an overall beneficial effect on animals exposed to radiation. This initial assessment also highlights the utility of metabolomics in determining underlying physiological mechanisms responsible for the radioprotective efficacy of gamma-tocotrienol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Tumor Biology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Oluseyi O. Fatanmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Hogan P, Plourde R, Fortier M, Brindamour D, Lagrenade-Verdant C, Demers-Marcil S, Dupuis S. Refractory Hyperlactatemia After a Septic Shock in a Patient With Carnitine Deficiency: A Case Report. J Pharm Pract 2018; 33:113-116. [PMID: 29905091 DOI: 10.1177/0897190018782012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 56-year-old woman with septic shock presented with persistent hyperlactatemia, despite an adequate clinical response to treatment. Carnitine deficiency was suspected, as the patient was malnourished and chronically taking valproic acid. No other plausible cause of hyperlactatemia was found. Carnitine supplementation resulted in rapid normalization of lactatemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Hogan
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of pharmacy, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Plourde
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of pharmacy, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude Fortier
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dave Brindamour
- Department of pharmacy, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin Lagrenade-Verdant
- Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of critical care, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sébastien Dupuis
- Department of pharmacy, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Research center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Nazary-Vannani A, Ghaedi E, Mousavi SM, Teymouri A, Rahmani J, Varkaneh HK. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on serum leptin concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine 2018; 60:386-394. [PMID: 29453657 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The actual effects of L-carnitine administration on leptin serum level is inconsistent. In order to assess the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation on serum leptin we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Seven studies with 325 cases and 330 controls were included. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated by random-effects model. The heterogeneity across studies was evaluated by using Cochrane's Q and I2 tests. In addition, we carried out the metaninf command to test the effect of each individual study on the overall result. RESULTS L-carnitine supplementation seemed to have no significant effect on serum leptin concentrations (WMD: -0.565 ng/mL; 95% CI: -2.417 to 1.287, p = 0.550). However, between-study heterogeneity was higher across all studies (I2 = 84.3%, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis to find the sources of heterogeneity showed that L-carnitine dosage (g) ( < 2 g: I2 = 00.0%, p = 0.408), and study population (diabetes: I2 = 46.7%, p = 0.153, and non-diabetes: I2 = 15.1%, p = 0.317) were the potential sources of heterogeneity. Besides, a more significant reduction in serum leptin concentration was observed with a daily dose of ≥ 2 mg L-carnitine (WMD: -2.742 ng/mL; 95% CI: -3.039 to -2.444, p < 0.001), in diabetic patients (WMD: -2.946 ng/mL; 95% CI: -3.254 to -2.638, p < 0.001), and with intervention duration <12 weeks (WMD: -2.772 ng/mL; 95% CI: -3.073 to -2.471, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION L-carnitine consumption does not reduce serum leptin significantly. However, a significant effect on leptin was observed in diabetic patients and patients who received doses more than 3 mg per day in the course of <12 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazary-Vannani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Teymouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord Varkaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Alghamdi A, Almalki H, Shawli A, Waggass R, Hakami F. A case of atypical systemic primary carnitine deficiency in Saudi Arabia. Pediatr Rep 2018; 10:7705. [PMID: 30069296 PMCID: PMC6050471 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2018.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic primary carnitine deficiency (SPCD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of fatty acid metabolism caused by a defect in the transporter responsible for moving carnitine across plasma membrane. The clinical features of SPCD vary widely based on the age of onset and organs involved. During infancy, patients might show episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases, and hyperammonemia. Skeletal myopathy, elevated creatine kinase, and cardiomyopathy are the main manifestations in children with SPCD, while in adults, the disorder is usually manifested as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or fatigability. Here, we report a 5-year-old boy with SPCD that presented as dilated cardiomyopathy with atypical features, such as anemia, respiratory distress, and proximal muscle weakness. This report supports considering carnitine deficiency treatment in the work-up of unexplained pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
| | - Hani Almalki
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
| | - Aiman Shawli
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rahaf Waggass
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- King Faisal Cardiac Center
| | - Fahad Hakami
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City-WR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Baci D, Bruno A, Bassani B, Tramacere M, Mortara L, Albini A, Noonan DM. Acetyl-l-carnitine is an anti-angiogenic agent targeting the VEGFR2 and CXCR4 pathways. Cancer Lett 2018; 429:100-116. [PMID: 29678548 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnitines play an important role in the energy exchange in cells, and are involved in the transport of fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. l-Acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that has higher bioavailability and is considered a fat-burning energizer supplement. We previously found that in serum samples from prostate cancer (PCa) patients, 3 carnitine family members were significantly decreased, suggesting a potential protective role of carnitine against PCa. Several studies support beneficial effects of carnitines on cancer, no study has investigated the activities of carnitine on tumor angiogenesis. We examined whether ALCAR acts as an "angiopreventive" compound and studied the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that ALCAR was able to limit inflammatory angiogenesis by reducing stimulated endothelial cell and macrophage infiltration in vitro and in vivo. Molecularly, we show that ALCAR downregulates VEGF, VEGFR2, CXCL12, CXCR4 and FAK pathways. ALCAR blocked the activation of NF-κB and ICAM-1 and reduced the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to endothelial cells. This is the first study showing that ALCAR has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and might be an attractive candidate for cancer angioprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Tramacere
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Ghonimy A, Zhang DM, Farouk MH, Wang Q. The Impact of Carnitine on Dietary Fiber and Gut Bacteria Metabolism and Their Mutual Interaction in Monogastrics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1008. [PMID: 29597260 PMCID: PMC5979481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine has vital roles in the endogenous metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It can protect and support gut microbial species, and some dietary fibers can reduce the available iron involved in the bioactivity of carnitine. There is also an antagonistic relationship between high microbial populations and carnitine bioavailability. This review shows the interactions between carnitine and gut microbial composition. It also elucidates the role of carnitine bacterial metabolism, mitochondrial function, fiber fermentability, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ghonimy
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dong Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134000, China.
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Abstract
Given its pivotal role in fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism, l-carnitine has been investigated as ergogenic aid for enhancing exercise capacity in the healthy athletic population. Early research indicates its beneficial effects on acute physical performance, such as increased maximum oxygen consumption and higher power output. Later studies point to the positive impact of dietary supplementation with l-carnitine on the recovery process after exercise. It is demonstrated that l-carnitine alleviates muscle injury and reduces markers of cellular damage and free radical formation accompanied by attenuation of muscle soreness. The supplementation-based increase in serum and muscle l-carnitine contents is suggested to enhance blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscle tissue via improved endothelial function thereby reducing hypoxia-induced cellular and biochemical disruptions. Studies in older adults further showed that l-carnitine intake can lead to increased muscle mass accompanied by a decrease in body weight and reduced physical and mental fatigue. Based on current animal studies, a role of l-carnitine in the prevention of age-associated muscle protein degradation and regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Fielding
- Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Linda Riede
- analyze & realize GmbH, Waldseeweg 6, 13467 Berlin, Germany.
| | - James P Lugo
- Lonza Inc., 90 Boroline Road, Allendale, NJ 07401, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a sudden loss of brain function due to the reduction of blood flow. Brain tissues cease to function with subsequent activation of the ischemic cascade. Metabolomics and lipidomics are modern disciplines that characterize the metabolites and lipid components of a biological system, respectively. Because the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is heterogeneous and multifactorial, it is crucial to establish comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic approaches to elucidate these alterations in this disease. Fortunately, metabolomic and lipidomic studies have the distinct advantages of identifying tissue/mechanism-specific biomarkers, predicting treatment and clinical outcome, and improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of disease states. Therefore, recent applications of these analytical approaches in the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke were discussed. In addition, the emerging roles of metabolomics and lipidomics on ischemic stroke were summarized, in order to gain new insights into the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and in the search for novel metabolite biomarkers and their related pathways.
Collapse
|
245
|
Zhao G, Hou X, Li X, Qu M, Tong C, Li W. Metabolomics analysis of alloxan-induced diabetes in mice using UPLC–Q-TOF-MS after Crassostrea gigas polysaccharide treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:550-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
246
|
Vardon Bounes F, Faure G, Rouget A, Conil JM, Georges B, Geeraerts T, Fourcade O, Minville V, Delmas C. Plasma free carnitine in severe trauma: Influence of the association with traumatic brain injury. Injury 2018; 49:538-542. [PMID: 29162266 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic response to severe trauma requires early nutritional resuscitation. Carnitine is essential for lipolysis, the energy source during this hypercatabolic phase. However l-carnitine is not present in nutritional replacement solutions. Furthermore, free carnitine depletion, defined as carnitine plasma level under 36μmol/L, was not adequately reported in adult patients with severe trauma. The aim of this study was to assess plasma free carnitine levels and factors of variation in severe trauma. METHOD Our observational study concerned 38 trauma patients including 18 with traumatic brain injury (TBI). On the third day after trauma, plasma free carnitine concentration was determined (by enzymatic method) while patients received artificial nutrition. RESULTS Low plasmatic free carnitine concentration was evidenced in 95% of the patients with a median value of 18μmol/L (11-47). Univariate analysis showed that mean arterial pressure, serum urea, CKD-EPI and patients with TBI were significantly associated with plasma free carnitine concentration less than 18μmol/L. Lower plasma free carnitine concentration was observed in the group of patients with TBI with 17.72μmol/L (11-36) versus 21.5μmol/L (11-47) for others patients (p=0.031). Logistic regression analysis showed that severe trauma with TBI and CKD-EPI above 94mL/min/1.73m2 appeared to be independent predictor of lower free carnitine plasmatic concentration (Goodness of fit=0.87 and AUC=0.89). CONCLUSION Our observations support hypotheses that plasma free carnitine concentration is lowered in severe injured patients especially for TBI patients and patients with estimated GFR above 94mL/min/1.73m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Vardon Bounes
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Géraldine Faure
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Antoine Rouget
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Conil
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bernard Georges
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Olivier Fourcade
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Vincent Minville
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Clément Delmas
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse University Hospital, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université Paul Sabatier, Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Strand E, Rebnord EW, Flygel MR, Lysne V, Svingen GFT, Tell GS, Løland KH, Berge RK, Svardal A, Nygård O, Pedersen ER. Serum Carnitine Metabolites and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1033-1041. [PMID: 29325058 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carnitine and its metabolites are centrally involved in fatty acid metabolism. Although elevated circulating concentrations have been observed in obesity and insulin resistance, prospective studies examining whether these metabolites are associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are sparse. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive evaluation of metabolites along the carnitine pathway relative to incident T2D. DESIGN A total of 2519 patients (73.1% men) with coronary artery disease, but without T2D, were followed for median 7.7 years until the end of 2009, during which 173 (6.9%) new cases of T2D were identified. Serum levels of free carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine (TML) and γ-butyrobetaine, and the esters acetyl-, propionyl-, (iso)valeryl-, octanoyl-, and palmitoylcarnitine were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Risk associations were explored by logistic regression and reported per (log-transformed) standard deviation increment. RESULTS Median age at inclusion was 62 years and median body mass index (BMI) 26.0 kg/m2. In models adjusted for age, sex, fasting status, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and study center, serum levels of TML and palmitoylcarnitine associated positively [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.22 (1.04 to 1.43) and 1.24 (1.04 to 1.49), respectively], whereas γ-butyrobetaine associated negatively [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.81 (0.66 to 0.98)] with T2D risk. CONCLUSION Serum levels of TML, γ-butyrobetaine, and the long-chained palmitoylcarnitine predict long-term risk of T2D independently of traditional risk factors, possibly reflecting dysfunctional fatty acid metabolism in patients susceptible to T2D development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Strand
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik W Rebnord
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Malin R Flygel
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil H Løland
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Children and Youth Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Piening BD, Zhou W, Contrepois K, Röst H, Gu Urban GJ, Mishra T, Hanson BM, Bautista EJ, Leopold S, Yeh CY, Spakowicz D, Banerjee I, Chen C, Kukurba K, Perelman D, Craig C, Colbert E, Salins D, Rego S, Lee S, Zhang C, Wheeler J, Sailani MR, Liang L, Abbott C, Gerstein M, Mardinoglu A, Smith U, Rubin DL, Pitteri S, Sodergren E, McLaughlin TL, Weinstock GM, Snyder MP. Integrative Personal Omics Profiles during Periods of Weight Gain and Loss. Cell Syst 2018; 6:157-170.e8. [PMID: 29361466 PMCID: PMC6021558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in omics technologies now allow an unprecedented level of phenotyping for human diseases, including obesity, in which individual responses to excess weight are heterogeneous and unpredictable. To aid the development of better understanding of these phenotypes, we performed a controlled longitudinal weight perturbation study combining multiple omics strategies (genomics, transcriptomics, multiple proteomics assays, metabolomics, and microbiomics) during periods of weight gain and loss in humans. Results demonstrated that: (1) weight gain is associated with the activation of strong inflammatory and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy signatures in blood; (2) although weight loss reverses some changes, a number of signatures persist, indicative of long-term physiologic changes; (3) we observed omics signatures associated with insulin resistance that may serve as novel diagnostics; (4) specific biomolecules were highly individualized and stable in response to perturbations, potentially representing stable personalized markers. Most data are available open access and serve as a valuable resource for the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piening
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Röst
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gucci Jijuan Gu Urban
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Blake M Hanson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Eddy J Bautista
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shana Leopold
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Christine Y Yeh
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Spakowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Imon Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kimberly Kukurba
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dalia Perelman
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colleen Craig
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Colbert
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Denis Salins
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shannon Rego
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sunjae Lee
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wheeler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Reza Sailani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles Abbott
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Console L, Scalise M, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Indiveri C. Characterization of Exosomal SLC22A5 (OCTN2) carnitine transporter. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3758. [PMID: 29491466 PMCID: PMC5830701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication. Previous large scale proteomics revealed that they contain SLC proteins. However, no data on the function of exosomal SLCs is available, so far. An SLC localized in exosomes was here characterized for the first time: the carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5). The protein was detected by Western Blot analysis in HEK293 exosomes. To investigate the functional properties of the exosomal OCTN2, the proteins extracted from vesicles were reconstituted into proteolipsomes and the transport function was measured as uptake of 3H-carnitine. Transport was stimulated by sodium and was dependent on pH. 3H-carnitine uptake was inhibited by Acetyl-carnitine, but not by Asn, Gln and Arg thus excluding interference by ATB0,+, an amino acid transporter which also recognizes carnitine. Cardiolipin failed to stimulate transport, excluding the activity of the mitochondrial Carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter. Increased level of exosomal OCTN2 was induced by treatment of HEK293 with the pro-inflammatory cytokine INFγ. All data concurred to demonstrate that OCTN2 present in exosomes is fully functional and is in its native conformation. Functional OCTN2 was detected also in human urinary exosomes, thus suggesting the OCTN2 exosomal protein as a candidate biomarker for inflammation related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Zhao Y, Yang N, Gao J, Li H, Cai W, Zhang X, Ma Y, Niu X, Yang G, Zhou X, Li Y. The Effect of Different l-Carnitine Administration Routes on the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29178259 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE l-Carnitine (LC) is abundant in red meat and is widely added to health supplements and food. This study focuses on the adverse effects of oral supplementation of 1.3% LC in ApoE-/- mice and whether the parenteral administration of LC (subcutaneously, sub) has any impact on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are randomly divided into three groups (n = 15). All mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The number of Ly6Chi monocytes; degree of atherosclerosis; plasma LC, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels; and microbial community composition are analyzed. Compared with the HFD and HFD ± LC (sub) groups, the number of Ly6Chi monocytes, atherosclerotic plaque area, and plasma γBB and TMAO levels are increased in the HFD ± LC (oral) group (p < 0.001). Plasma LC levels in the HFD ± LC (sub) group are higher than those in other groups. The levels of γBB, TMAO, and Ly6Chi monocytes are positively correlated with atherosclerotic plaque area (p < 0.01), and TMAO is positively correlated with Bacteroidetes and negatively correlated with Firmicutes at the phylum level. CONCLUSION In contrast with oral LC administration, subcutaneous LC administration, which bypasses its conversion to TMAO in the liver, does not have a detrimental effect on the development of atherosclerosis in male ApoE-/- mice. Taking LC parenterally may be preferable among patients who require LC supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinmao Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulong Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|