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Sieri S, Krogh V. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer: An overview of the literature. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:18-31. [PMID: 27986350 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current evidence for associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL), and the risk of various types of cancer, and to summarize mechanisms proposed to explain the associations found. DATA SYNTHESIS Medline was searched for cohort studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses, published up to February 2016, that examined associations between dietary GI/GL and cancer. Findings from the main meta-analyses showed a weak-to-moderate association of high dietary GI/GL with increased risk of some cancers. High dietary GI but not GL was significantly and consistently associated with increased colorectal cancer risk in both cohort and case-control studies. Dietary GL was directly associated with breast and endometrial cancer risk in cohort studies. Positive associations between dietary GI or GL and cancer risk were found more frequently in case-control studies than cohort studies. The main mechanism for these associations is thought to be chronic hyperinsulinemia. Insulin is itself a mitogen and also increases the bioactivity of insulin-like growth factors which can promote cancer by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The review has uncovered consistent evidence that high dietary GI is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, and that high dietary GL is associated with increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer. However the risk increases are small or moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - V Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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202
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Liu Y, Su L, Xiao H. Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5308635. [PMID: 28555155 PMCID: PMC5438865 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5308635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, of which the incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past few decades. The reasons for the observed rapid increase still are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that overdiagnosis, with the advancement in detection methods and screening policies, is not the sole driver of the substantial increase of the incidence. However, the effect of environmental/lifestyle factors remains speculative other than that of radiation exposure at a young age. This review tries to give a balanced view of debated factors leading to the thyroid cancer epidemic, to offer some alternatives in understanding the controversies, and to suggest potential directions in the search of modifiable risk factors to help reduce thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
- *Haipeng Xiao:
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203
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Zhao YN, Piao YZ, Zhang CM, Jiang YM, Liu A, Cui SH, Zhi DF, Zhen YH, Zhang SB. Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in cationic lipids for the improvement of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7963-7973. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of quaternary ammonium headgroups by tri-ornithine in lipids improved gene delivery in vitro and in vivo with little toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. Z. Piao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - C. M. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. M. Jiang
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - A. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. H. Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - D. F. Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Y. H. Zhen
- College of Phamacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - S. B. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education
- Dalian Minzu University
- Dalian
- China
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204
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Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Jia N, Robison LL, Brämswig JH, Blum WF. Assessment of Primary Cancer Incidence in Growth Hormone-Treated Children: Comparison of a Multinational Prospective Observational Study with Population Databases. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 85:198-206. [PMID: 26913923 DOI: 10.1159/000444124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although results of the majority of clinical studies have shown no association between growth hormone (GH) treatment in childhood and risk of primary cancer, concerns remain regarding the potential influence of GH therapy on neoplastic cell growth. This study evaluated the incidence of primary malignancies in a large observational study of paediatric GH treatment. METHODS Primary cancer incidence was assessed in a cohort of 19,054 GH-treated children without a reported prestudy history of malignancy in the observational Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study (GeNeSIS). The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for primary cancer in GH-treated children was determined by comparing cancer incidence in the GeNeSIS study population with incidence rates for country-, age-, and sex-matched cohorts of the general population. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 3.4 years in GeNeSIS (64,705 person-years), 13 incident potential primary cancers were identified in GH-treated patients. The SIR (95% confidence interval) for all observed cancers was 1.02 (0.54-1.75), and the crude incidence was 20.1 (10.7-34.4) cases per 100,000 person-years. CONCLUSION Acknowledging the relatively short follow-up in our study, GH-treated children without a history of previous malignancy did not have a higher risk of all-site primary cancer during the study when compared to general-population cancer registries.
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205
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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206
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Yunusova NV, Villert AB, Spirina LV, Frolova AE, Kolomiets LA, Kondakova IV. Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins in Tumors and Ascites of Ovarian Cancer Patients: Association With Response To Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5315-5320. [PMID: 28125879 PMCID: PMC5454676 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor cell growth and sensitivity to chemotherapy depend on many factors, among which insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) may play important roles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in primary tumors and ascites as predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Materials and Methods: Tumor tissue samples and ascitic fluid were obtained from 59 patients with advanced OC. The levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A were determined using ELISA kits. Taking into account the data on expression of these IGF-related proteins and outcome, logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of response to neoajuvant chemotherapy. Results: Human ovarian tumors expressed IGFs, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A and these proteins were also present in ascites fluid and associated with its volume. IGFs and IGFBPs in ascites and soluble PAPP-A might play a key role in ovarian cancer progression . However, levels of proteins of the IGF system in tumors were not significant predictors of objective clinical response (oCR). Univariate analysis showed that the level of IGF-I in ascites was the only independent predictor for oCR. Conclusion: The level of IGF-I in ascites was shown to be an independent predictor of objective clinical response to chemotherapy for OC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and debulking surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Yunusova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
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207
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Zhang W, Chen L, Ma K, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu M, Liang S, Zhu H, Xu N. Polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is influenced by EGFR signaling within colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:75366-75378. [PMID: 27683110 PMCID: PMC5342747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target of colon cancer therapy, but the effects of this therapy on the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. Our in vivo studies showed that cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, effectively inhibited AOM/DSS-induced, colitis-associated tumorigenesis, downregulated M2-related markers, and decreased F4/80+/CD206+ macrophage populations. Treatment with conditioned medium of colon cancer cells increased macrophage expression of the M2-related markers arginase-1 (Arg1), CCL17, CCL22, IL-10 and IL-4. By contrast, conditioned medium of EGFR knockout colon cancer cells inhibited expression of these M2-related markers and induced macrophage expression of the M1-related markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-12, TNF-α and CCR7. EGFR knockout in colon cancer cells inhibited macrophage-induced promotion of xenograft tumor growth. Moreover, colon cancer-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increased Arg1 expression, and treatment with the IGF1R inhibitor AG1024 inhibited that increase. These results suggest that inhibition of EGFR signaling in colon cancer cells modulates cytokine secretion (e.g. IGF-1) and prevents M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lechuang Chen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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208
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Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M, Moodi M, Chamani E. From obesity to cancer: a review on proposed mechanisms. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:533-545. [PMID: 27859423 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as a serious and growing global health problem. It is documented that the overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a series of noncommunicable diseases, and in recent years, the obesity-cancer link has received much attention. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased risk of several cancer types, including colon, breast, endometrium, liver, kidney, esophagus, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, and leukemia, and can also lead to poorer treatment. We review here the epidemiological and experimental evidences for the association between obesity and cancer. Specifically, we discuss potential mechanisms focusing how dysfunctional angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, interaction of proinflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones, and adipokines including leptin, adiponectin insulin, growth factors, estrogen, and progesterone and strikingly, cell metabolism alteration in obesity participate in tumor development and progression, resistance to chemotherapy, and targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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209
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Dhupkar P, Zhao H, Mujoo K, An Z, Zhang N. Crk II silencing down-regulates IGF-IR and inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:382-388. [PMID: 28955980 PMCID: PMC5614478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Crk (C10 regulator of kinase) adaptor proteins are highly expressed in many types of human cancers and often contribute to aggressive cancer phenotypes. Crk II, a member of CRK family, has been reported to regulate cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer cells. However, its role in other cancer types has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of Crk II in prostate cancer (PCa) cells (CWR-22rv1) in vitro and using a mouse tumor model. Results showed that Crk II knockdown by shRNA-mediated silencing (Crk II-shRNA) in the PCa cells significantly inhibited both cancer cell migration and invasion in cell culture study. Crk II-shRNA cancer cells also significantly decreased colony formation in vitro, but had no significant reduction of tumor volume after 4 weeks of cancer cell xenografting in vivo when compared to the scramble control. Interestingly, Crk II-shRNA cancer cells showed a greatly reduced level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and decreased signaling of the IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt axis upon IGF-1 ligand stimulation. A close interaction between Crk II and IGF-1R was demonstrated upon co-immunoprecipitation of IGF-1R with Crk II protein. Further, treatment of cells with either proteosomal degradation or protein synthesis inhibitor showed higher proportion of ubiquitin-associated IGF-1R and faster degradation of IGF-1R in Crk II-shRNA cells in comparison with that in the control cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Crk II plays an important role in the regulation of IGF-1R protein stability and affects downstream of IGF-1R signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting Crk-II can block IGF-1R growth signaling and suppress cancer cell invasion and progression. Blocking Crk II inhibited cancer cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. Knockdown Crk II decreased IGF-1R protein and its downstream signaling. Crk II knockdown increased ubiquitination and degradation of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhupkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huang Zhao
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kalpana Mujoo
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
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210
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Labochka D, Moszczuk B, Kukwa W, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Mechanisms through which diabetes mellitus influences renal cell carcinoma development and treatment: A review of the literature. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1887-1894. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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211
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Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition as Maintenance Therapy for Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 38:563-9. [PMID: 27322713 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in oncology, the survival of children with Ewing Sarcoma metastatic at diagnosis continues to be 27% 3-year event-free survival and 34% 3-year overall survival. In other words, 7 of 10 children die within 3 years of their initial diagnosis despite intense chemotherapy, local treatment (radiation/surgery), and/or high dose busulfan-melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation. A chief contributor to this morbidity and mortality is the difficulty eradicating the tumor using present therapeutic modalities. Despite the extensive surgery, intensive chemotherapy and radiation, those left with a significant bulk of residual tumor relapse within a year of completing treatment. This case report suggests that in children left with a significant tumor burden after completing chemotherapy, a prolonged period of stability can be achieved with biological agents targeting the underlying molecular drivers. In this particular case we used figitumumab, an antibody targeting the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor pathway, a documented target in Ewing Sarcoma. Although not curative, these agents provide a better quality of life.
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212
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Clinical studies in humans targeting the various components of the IGF system show lack of efficacy in the treatment of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:105-122. [PMID: 28528684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system regulates cell growth, differentiation and energy metabolism and plays crucial role in the regulation of key aspects of tumor biology, such as cancer cell growth, survival, transformation and invasion. The current focus for cancer therapeutic approaches have shifted from the conventional treatments towards the targeted therapies and the IGF system has gained a great interest as anti-cancer therapy. The proliferative, anti-apoptotic and transformation effects of IGFs are mainly triggered by the ligation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR). Thus, aiming at developing novel and effective cancer therapies, different strategies have been employed to target IGF system in human malignancies, including but not limited to ligand or receptor neutralizing antibodies and IGF-IR signaling inhibitors. In this review, we have focused on the clinical studies that have been conducted targeting the various components of the IGF system for the treatment of different types of cancer, providing a description and the challenges of each targeting strategy and the degree of success.
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213
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Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancerogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:78-104. [PMID: 28528692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family components in carcinogenesis of several human tumors is based on numerous epidemiological and pre-clinical studies, experiments in vivo and in vitro and on attempts at application of drugs affecting the IGF axis. Investigative hypotheses in original studies were based on biological functions manifested by the entire family of IGF (ligands, receptors, linking proteins, adaptor molecules). In the context of carcinogenesis the most important functions of IGF family involve intensification of proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis and effect on cell transformation through synthesis of several regulatory proteins. IGF axis controls survival and influences on metastases of cells. Interactions of IGF axis components may be of a direct or indirect nature. The direct effects are linked to activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in which the initiating role is first of all played by IGF-1 and IGF-1R. Activity of this signaling pathway leads to an increased mitogenesis, cell cycle progression, and protection against different apoptotic stresses. Indirect effects of the axis depend on interactions between IGF and other molecules important for cancer etiology (e.g. sex hormones, products of suppressor genes, viruses, and other GFs) and the style of life (nutrition, physical activity). From the clinical point of view, components of IGF system are first of all considered as diagnostic serous and/or tissue biomarkers of a given cancer, prognostic factors and attractive target of modern anti-tumor therapies. Several mechanisms in which IGF system components act in the process of carcinogenesis need to be clarified, mainly due to multifactorial etiology of the neoplasms. Pin-pointing of the role played in carcinogenesis by any single signaling pathway remains particularly difficult. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data of several epidemiological studies, experiments in vitro and on animal models, to increase our understanding of the complex role of IGF family components in the most common human cancers.
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214
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Zelenko Z, Gallagher EJ, Tobin-Hess A, Belardi V, Rostoker R, Blank J, Dina Y, LeRoith D. Silencing vimentin expression decreases pulmonary metastases in a pre-diabetic mouse model of mammary tumor progression. Oncogene 2016; 36:1394-1403. [PMID: 27568979 PMCID: PMC5332535 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased breast cancer risk and mortality has been associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hyperinsulinemia, a key factor in obesity, pre-diabetes and T2D, has been associated with decreased breast cancer survival. In the current study, a mouse model of pre-diabetes (MKR mouse) was used to investigate the mechanisms through which endogenous hyperinsulinemia promotes mammary tumor metastases. The MKR mice developed larger primary tumors and greater number of pulmonary metastases compared to wild type (WT) mice after injection with c-Myc/Vegf overexpressing MVT-1 cells. Analysis of the primary tumors showed significant increase in Vimentin protein expression in the MKR mice compared to WT. We hypothesized that Vimentin was an important mediator in the effect of hyperinsulinemia on breast cancer metastasis. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of Vimentin led to a significant decrease in invasion of the MVT-1 cells and abrogated the increase in cell invasion in response to insulin. In the pre-diabetic MKR mouse, Vimentin knockdown led to a decrease in pulmonary metastases. In vitro, we found that insulin increased pAKT, prevented Caspase 3 activation, and increased Vimentin. Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, using NVP-BKM120, increased active Caspase 3 and decreased Vimentin levels. This study is the first to show that Vimentin plays an important role in tumor metastasis in vivo in the setting of pre-diabetes and endogenous hyperinsulinemia. Vimentin targeting may be an important therapeutic strategy to reduce metastases in patients with obesity, pre-diabetes or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zelenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - E J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - A Tobin-Hess
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - V Belardi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - R Rostoker
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel
| | - J Blank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Y Dina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - D LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.,Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR) and the Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center of Excellence, Haifa, Israel
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215
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Sharon SM, Pozniak Y, Geiger T, Werner H. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) gene expression in prostate cancer: involvement of transcription factor Sp1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51375-51392. [PMID: 27285981 PMCID: PMC5239482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health issue in the Western world. The most common gene rearrangement in prostate cancer is the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, which results in aberrant expression of the transcription factor ERG. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) plays a key role in cell growth and tumorigenesis, and is overexpressed in most malignancies, including prostate cancer. In this study we show that TMPRSS2-ERG mediates its tumorigenic effects through regulation of IGF1R gene expression. Silencing of T-ERG in VCaP cells resulted in downregulation of both IGF1R and Sp1, a critical IGF1R regulator. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed a physical interaction between transcription factors ERG and Sp1, with potential relevance in IGF1R gene regulation. In addition, transactivation of the IGF1R gene by ERG was mediated at the level of transcription, as indicated by results of promoter assays. To identify new co-activators of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein we performed mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses. Among other interactors, we identified AP-2 complex subunit mu (AP2M1) and caveolin-1 (CAV1) in association with ERG in cell nuclei. These proteins play a mechanistic role in IGF1R internalization. Our analyses are consistent with a potential novel function of TMPRSS2-ERG as a major regulator of IGF1R gene expression. Results may impinge upon ongoing efforts to target the IGF1R in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilhav Meisel Sharon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yair Pozniak
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Yoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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216
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Thomsen J, Hjortebjerg R, Espelund U, Ørtoft G, Vestergaard P, Magnusson NE, Conover CA, Tramm T, Hager H, Høgdall C, Høgdall E, Oxvig C, Frystyk J. PAPP-A proteolytic activity enhances IGF bioactivity in ascites from women with ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32266-78. [PMID: 26336825 PMCID: PMC4741676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through proteolysis of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4. In experimental animals, PAPP-A accelerates ovarian tumor growth by this mechanism. To investigate the effect of PAPP-A in humans, we compared serum and ascites from 22 women with ovarian carcinoma. We found that ascites contained 46-fold higher PAPP-A levels as compared to serum (P < 0.001). The majority (80%) of PAPP-A was enzymatically active. This is supported by the finding that ascites contained more cleaved than intact IGFBP-4 (P < 0.03). Ascites was more potent than serum in activating the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vitro (+31%, P < 0.05); in 8 of 22 patients by more than two-fold. In contrast, ascites contained similar levels of immunoreactive IGF-I, and lower levels of IGF-II (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of IGF-IR in all but one tumor, whereas all tumors expressed PAPP-A, IGFBP-4, IGF-I and IGF-II. Addition of recombinant PAPP-A to ascites increased the cleavage of IGFBP-4 and enhanced IGF-IR activation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, human ovarian tumors express PAPP-A, IGFBP-4 and IGFs and these proteins are also present in ascites. We suggest that both soluble PAPP-A in ascites and tissue-associated PAPP-A serve to increase IGF bioactivity and, thereby, to stimulate IGF-IR-mediated tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Thomsen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ørtoft
- Department of Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Poul Vestergaard
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Clinic of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Centret, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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217
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Paulus JK, Williams CD, Cossor FI, Kelley MJ, Martell RE. Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1418-1425. [PMID: 27496094 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has been associated with improved colorectal cancer survival, but investigations are limited by small numbers of patients and confounding by diabetic severity. We examined the association between metformin use and overall survival (OS) in patients with diabetes and colorectal cancer in a large population of U.S. veterans, while adjusting for measures of diabetic severity. METHODS Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from January 2001 to December 2008 were identified from the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry. Multivariable models were used to examine the adjusted association of OS with diabetes and use of antidiabetic medications. RESULTS There were 21,352 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer identified (n = 16,355 nondiabetic patients, n = 2,038 diabetic patients on metformin, n = 2,136 diabetic patients on medications other than metformin, n = 823 diabetic patients not on antidiabetic medication). Diabetic patients had a significantly worse OS than nondiabetic patients, but metformin users had only a 10% increase in death (HRadj 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17, P = 0.004), as compared with 22% for users of other antidiabetic medications (HRadj 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15-1.29, P < 0.0001). Among colorectal cancer patients with diabetes, metformin users had a 13% improved OS versus patients taking other antidiabetic medications (HRadj 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95, P = 0.003), while diabetic patients not on any antidiabetic medications did not differ with respect to OS (HRadj 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90-1.15, P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Among diabetics with colorectal cancer, metformin use is associated with improved survival, despite adjustments for diabetes severity and other risk factors. IMPACT These data lend further support to the conduct of randomized studies of possible anticancer effects of metformin among patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(10); 1418-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Paulus
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Christina D Williams
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Furha I Cossor
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Kelley
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert E Martell
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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218
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Cao H, Dong W, Qu X, Shen H, Xu J, Zhu L, Liu Q, Du J. Metformin Enhances the Therapy Effects of Anti-IGF-1R mAb Figitumumab to NSCLC. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31072. [PMID: 27488947 PMCID: PMC4973270 DOI: 10.1038/srep31072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, highlighting the potential of targeting IGF-1R as an anti-cancer therapy. Although multiple anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs have been developed, challenges remain in the validation of the therapeutic effects and understanding the molecular mechanism of these mAbs. Herein, we conducted a study to validate the effect of Figitumumab (CP), an anti-IGF-1R mAb, in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. We found all tested cell lines were sensitive to CP, and CP could block IGF-1R and the downstream PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Unexpectedly, we found CP could activate ERK signaling pathway in IGF-1R kinase independent manner, which we further verified was mainly mediated by β-arrestin2. We also investigated the anti-tumor effect of metformin alone as well as its combination with CP to target NSCLC. Metformin could target IGF-1R signaling pathway by attenuating PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways and down-regulating IGF-1R. Finally, we found that combining metformin with CP could further induce IGF-1R down-regulation and was more effective to target NSCLC cells. Our data suggests the combining of metformin with CP has additive therapeutic value against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Cao
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hongchang Shen
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Zhu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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219
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Hirakawa T, Yashiro M, Doi Y, Kinoshita H, Morisaki T, Fukuoka T, Hasegawa T, Kimura K, Amano R, Hirakawa K. Pancreatic Fibroblasts Stimulate the Motility of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through IGF1/IGF1R Signaling under Hypoxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159912. [PMID: 27487118 PMCID: PMC4972430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by its hypovascularity, with an extremely poor prognosis because of its highly invasive nature. PDAC proliferates with abundant stromal cells, suggesting that its invasive activity might be controlled by intercellular interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts. Using four PDAC cell lines and two pancreas cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) was evaluated by RT-PCR, FACScan, western blot, or ELISA. Correlation between IGF1R and the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) was examined by immunohistochemical staining of 120 pancreatic specimens. The effects of CAFs, IGF1, and IGF1R inhibitors on the motility of cancer cells were examined by wound-healing assay or invasion assay under normoxia (20% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2). IGF1R expression was significantly higher in RWP-1, MiaPaCa-2, and OCUP-AT cells than in Panc-1 cells. Hypoxia increased the expression level of IGF1R in RWP-1, MiaPaCa-2, and OCUP-AT cells. CA9 expression was correlated with IGF1R expression in pancreatic specimens. CAFs produced IGF1 under hypoxia, but PDAC cells did not. A conditioned medium from CAFs, which expressed αSMA, stimulated the migration and invasion ability of MiaPaCa-2, RWP-1, and OCUP-AT cells. The motility of all PDAC cells was greater under hypoxia than under normoxia. The motility-stimulating ability of CAFs was decreased by IGF1R inhibitors. These findings might suggest that pancreas CAFs stimulate the invasion activity of PDAC cells through paracrine IGF1/IGF1R signaling, especially under hypoxia. Therefore the targeting of IGF1R signaling might represent a promising therapeutic approach in IGF1R-dependent PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Kinoshita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamami Morisaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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220
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Matsumoto F, Ohba S, Fujimaki M, Ikeda K. The value of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor for predicting early glottic carcinoma response to radiotherapy. Auris Nasus Larynx 2016; 43:440-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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221
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Shali H, Ahmadi M, Kafil HS, Dorosti A, Yousefi M. IGF1R and c-met as therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:528-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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222
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Chen PH, Chang CK, Shih CM, Cheng CH, Lin CW, Lee CC, Liu AJ, Ho KH, Chen KC. The miR-204-3p-targeted IGFBP2 pathway is involved in xanthohumol-induced glioma cell apoptotic death. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:362-375. [PMID: 27487563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone extracted from hop plant Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), has potential for cancer therapy, including gliomas. Micro (mi)RNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression. Several miRNAs have been identified to participate in regulating glioma development. However, no studies have demonstrated whether miRNA is involved in XN cytotoxicity resulting in glioma cell death. This study investigated the effects of XN-mediated miRNA expression in activating apoptotic pathways in glioblastoma U87 MG cells. First, we found that XN significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis via pro-caspase-3/8 cleavage and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation. We also identified that pro-caspase-9 cleavage, Bcl2 family expression changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular ROS generation also participated in XN-induced glioma cell death. With a microarray analysis, miR-204-3p was identified as the most upregulated miRNA induced by XN cytotoxicity. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Fos pathway was validated to participate in XN-upregulated miR-204-3p expression. With a promoter assay and ChIP analysis, we found that c-Fos dose-dependently bound to the miR-204-3p gene promoter region. Furthermore, miR-204-3p levels decreased in several glioma cell lines compared to astrocytes. Overexpression of miR-204-3p enhanced glioma cell apoptosis. IGFBP2, an upregulated regulator of glioma proliferation, was validated by a TCGA analysis as a direct target gene of miR-204-3p. XN's inhibition of the IGFBP2/AKT/Bcl2 pathway via miR-204-3p targeting played a critical role in mediating glioma cell death. These results emphasized that the XN-mediated miR-204-3p network may provide novel therapeutic strategies for future glioblastoma therapy and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hsu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Jeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hao Ho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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223
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Awasthi N, Scire E, Monahan S, Grojean M, Zhang E, Schwarz MA, Schwarz RE. Augmentation of response to nab-paclitaxel by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46988-47001. [PMID: 27127884 PMCID: PMC5216918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nab-paclitaxel has recently shown greater efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Insulin like growth factor (IGF) signaling proteins are frequently overexpressed in PDAC and correlate with aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis. We evaluated the improvement in nab-paclitaxel response by addition of BMS-754807, a small molecule inhibitor of IGF-1R/IR signaling, in preclinical PDAC models. In subcutaneous xenografts using AsPC-1 cells, average net tumor growth in different therapy groups was 248.3 mm3 in controls, 42.4 mm3 after nab-paclitaxel (p = 0.002), 93.3 mm3 after BMS-754807 (p = 0.01) and 1.9 mm3 after nab-paclitaxel plus BMS-754807 (p = 0.0002). In subcutaneous xenografts using Panc-1 cells, average net tumor growth in different therapy groups was: 294.3 mm3 in controls, 23.1 mm3 after nab-paclitaxel (p = 0.002), 118.2 mm3 after BMS-754807 (p = 0.02) and -87.4 mm3 (tumor regression) after nab-paclitaxel plus BMS-754807 (p = 0.0001). In peritoneal dissemination model using AsPC-1 cells, median animal survival was increased compared to controls (21 days) after therapy with nab-paclitaxel (40 days, a 90% increase, p = 0.002), BMS-754807 (27 days, a 29% increase, p = 0.01) and nab-paclitaxel plus BMS-754807 (47 days, a 124% increase, p = 0.005), respectively. Decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis by nab-paclitaxel and BMS-754807 therapy correlated with their in vivo antitumor activity. In vitro analysis revealed that the addition of IC25 dose of BMS-754807 decreased the nab-paclitaxel IC50 of PDAC cell lines. BMS-754807 therapy decreased phospho-IGF-1R/IR and phospho-AKT expression, and increased cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1. These results support the potential of BMS-754807 in combination with nab-paclitaxel as an effective targeting option for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Emily Scire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sheena Monahan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Meghan Grojean
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Eric Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Roderich E. Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
- Indiana University Health Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, USA
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224
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The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in breast cancer: biology and treatment strategies. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11711-11721. [PMID: 27444280 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Although patients are often diagnosed in the early and curable stages, the treatment of metastatic breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge. The combination of chemotherapy with new targeting agents, such as bevacizumab, is helpful in improving patient survival; however, novel treatment strategies are required to improve clinical outcomes. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is a tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor which is involved in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism. Previous studies have shown that activation of the IGF-IR signaling pathway promotes proliferation, survival, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Additionally, overexpression of IGF-IR is associated with breast cancer cell resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, IGF-IR has been introduced as a marker of stemness in breast cancer cells and there is also accumulating evidence that IGF-IR contributes to the establishment and maintenance of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, pharmacological or molecular targeting of IGF-IR could be a promising strategy, in the treatment of patients with breast cancer, particularly in order to circumvent the therapeutic resistance and targeting breast cancer stem/progenitors. Currently, many strategies have been developed for targeting IGF-IR, some have entered clinical trials and some are in preclinical stages for breast cancer therapy. In this review, we will first discuss on the biology of IGF-IR in an attempt to find the role of this receptor in breast cancer and then discuss about therapeutic strategies to target this receptor.
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225
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Iams WT, Lovly CM. Molecular Pathways: Clinical Applications and Future Direction of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Pathway Blockade. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:4270-7. [PMID: 26429980 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The IGF1R signaling pathway is a complex and tightly regulated network that is critical for cell proliferation, growth, and survival. IGF1R is a potential therapeutic target for patients with many different malignancies. This brief review summarizes the results of clinical trials targeting the IGF1R pathway in patients with breast cancer, sarcoma, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapeutic agents discussed include both monoclonal antibodies to IGF1R (dalotuzumab, figitumumab, cixutumumab, ganitumab, R1507, AVE1642) and newer IGF1R pathway targeting strategies, including monoclonal antibodies to IGF1 and IGF2 (MEDI-573 and BI 836845) and a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of IGF1R (linsitinib). The pullback of trials in patients with breast cancer and NSCLC based on several large negative trials is noted and contrasted with the sustained success of IGF1R inhibitor monotherapy in a subset of patients with sarcoma. Several different biomarkers have been examined in these trials with varying levels of success, including tumor expression of IGF1R and its pathway components, serum IGF ligand levels, alternate pathway activation, and specific molecular signatures of IGF1R pathway dependence. However, there remains a critical need to define predictive biomarkers in order to identify patients who may benefit from IGF1R-directed therapies. Ongoing research focuses on uncovering such biomarkers and elucidating mechanisms of resistance, as this therapeutic target is currently being analyzed from the bedside to bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T Iams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Xhaard C, Lence-Anta JJ, Ren Y, Borson-Chazot F, Sassolas G, Schvartz C, Colonna M, Lacour B, Danzon A, Velten M, Clero E, Maillard S, Marrer E, Bailly L, Mariné Barjoan E, Schlumberger M, Orgiazzi J, Adjadj E, Pereda CM, Turcios S, Velasco M, Chappe M, Infante I, Bustillo M, García A, Salazar S, Rodriguez R, Benadjaoud MA, Ortiz RM, Rubino C, de Vathaire F. Recreational Physical Activity and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:132-8. [PMID: 27493888 PMCID: PMC4949366 DOI: 10.1159/000445887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity has been hypothesized to influence cancer occurrence through several mechanisms. To date, its relation with thyroid cancer risk has been examined in relatively few studies. We pooled 2 case-control studies conducted in Cuba and Eastern France to assess the relationship between self-reported practice of recreational physical activity since childhood and thyroid cancer risk. METHODS This pooled study included 1,008 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) matched with 1,088 controls (age range 9-35 and 17-60 years in the French and Cuban studies, respectively). Risk factors associated with the practice of recreational physical activity were estimated using OR and 95% CI. Logistic regressions were stratified by age class, country, and gender and were adjusted for ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies for women, height, BMI, and smoking status. RESULTS Overall, the risk of thyroid cancer was slightly reduced among subjects who reported recreational physical activity (OR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.5-1.0). The weekly frequency (i.e. h/week) seems to be more relevant than the duration (years). CONCLUSION Long-term recreational physical activity, practiced since childhood, may reduce the DTC risk. However, the mechanisms whereby the DTC risk decreases are not yet entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Xhaard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yan Ren
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Bron, France
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Sassolas
- Rhône-Alpes Thyroid Cancer Registry, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286), RTH Laennec Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Schvartz
- Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France
| | | | - Brigitte Lacour
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU, Nancy, France
| | - Arlette Danzon
- Cancer Registry of Doubs, EA 3181, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michel Velten
- Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, EA 3430, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Enora Clero
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Maillard
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Marrer
- Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse Hospital, Mulhouse, France
| | - Laurent Bailly
- Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Orgiazzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Adjadj
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Celia M. Pereda
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Milagros Velasco
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mae Chappe
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Idalmis Infante
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Marlene Bustillo
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Anabel García
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Sirced Salazar
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosa M. Ortiz
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Carole Rubino
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- U1018, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- *Florent de Vathaire, Radiation Epidemiology Group, U1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, Rue Edouard Vaillant, FR–94805 Villejuif (France), E-Mail
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227
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Werner H, Sarfstein R, LeRoith D, Bruchim I. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Axis Meets p53 Genome Protection Pathways. Front Oncol 2016; 6:159. [PMID: 27446805 PMCID: PMC4917523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence indicate that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important mediators in the biochemical chain of events that lead from a phenotypically normal to a neoplastic cell. The IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), which mediates the biological actions of IGF1 and IGF2, exhibits potent pro-survival and antiapoptotic activities. The IGF1R is highly expressed in most types of cancer and is regarded as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. p53 is a transcription factor with tumor suppressor activity that is usually activated in response to DNA damage and other forms of cellular stress. On the basis of its protective activities, p53 is commonly regarded as the guardian of the genome. We provide evidence that the IGF signaling axis and p53 genome protection pathways are tightly interconnected. Wild-type, but not mutant, p53 suppresses IGF1R gene transcription, leading to abrogation of the IGF signaling network, with ensuing cell cycle arrest. Gain-of-function, or loss-of-function, mutations of p53 in tumor cells may disrupt its inhibitory activity, thus generating oncogenic molecules capable of transactivating the IGF1R gene. The interplay between the IGF1 and p53 pathways is also of major relevance in terms of metabolic regulation, including glucose transport and glycolysis. A better understanding of the complex physical and functional interactions between these important signaling pathways will have major basic and translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Yoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rive Sarfstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center, Rambam Health Care Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Ilan Bruchim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center , Hadera , Israel
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228
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IGF2 knockdown in two colorectal cancer cell lines decreases survival, adhesion and modulates survival-associated genes. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12485-12495. [PMID: 27337954 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is found in tumors of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients exhibiting a gained region on chromosome 11q15 and is implicated in poor patient survival. This study analyzes in vitro phenotypic- and gene expression changes associated with IGF2 shRNA-mediated knockdown. Initially, doxycycline inducible IGF2 knockdown cell lines were generated in the CRC cell lines SW480 and LS174T. The cells were analyzed for changes in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, adhesion, and invasion. Expression profiling analysis was performed, and, for a subset of the identified genes, expression was validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. IGF2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines induced G1 cell cycle blockade and decreased adhesion to several extracellular matrix proteins. Knockdown of IGF2 did not alter invasiveness in SW480 cells, while a slight increase in apoptosis was seen only in the LS174T cell line. Knockdown of IGF2 in SW480 deregulated 58 genes, several of which were associated with proliferation and cell-cell/cell-ECM contacts. A subset of these genes, including CDK2, YAP1, and BIRC5 (Survivin), are members of a common network. This study supports the concept of direct autocrine/paracrine tumor cell activation through IGF2 and a shows role of IGF2 in CRC proliferation, adhesion and, to a limited extent, apoptosis.
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229
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Wang J, Sinnberg T, Niessner H, Dölker R, Sauer B, Kempf WE, Meier F, Leslie N, Schittek B. PTEN regulates IGF-1R-mediated therapy resistance in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 28:572-89. [PMID: 26112748 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major advance in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, its therapeutic success is limited by the rapid emergence of drug resistance. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in melanomas developing resistance toward the BRAF(V) (600) inhibitor vemurafenib. Here, we show that hyperactivation of BRAF enhances IGF-1R expression. In addition, the phosphatase activity of PTEN as well as heterocellular contact to stromal cells increases IGF-1R expression in melanoma cells and enhances resistance to vemurafenib. Interestingly, PTEN-negative melanoma cells escape IGF-1R blockade by decreased expression of the receptor, implicating that only in melanoma patients with PTEN-positive tumors treatment with IGF-1R inhibitors would be a suitable strategy to combat therapy resistance. Our data emphasize the crosstalk and therapeutic relevance of microenvironmental and tumor cell-autonomous mechanisms in regulating IGF-1R expression and by this sensitivity toward targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Niessner
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Dölker
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Kempf
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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230
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Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours associated with variable clinical presentations, growth rates, and prognoses. To improve the management of GEP-NENs, the WHO developed a classification system that enables tumours to be graded based on markers of cell proliferation in biopsy specimens. Indeed, histopathology has been a mainstay in the diagnosis of GEP-NENs, and the WHO grading system facilitates therapeutic decision-making; however, considerable intratumoural heterogeneity, predominantly comprising regional variations in proliferation rates, complicates the evaluation of tumour biology. The use of molecular imaging modalities to delineate the most-aggressive cell populations is becoming more widespread. In addition, molecular profiling is increasingly undertaken in the clinical setting, and genomic studies have revealed a number of chromosomal alterations in GEP-NENs, although the 'drivers' of neoplastic development have not been identified. Thus, our molecular understanding of GEP-NENs remains insufficient to inform on patient prognosis or selection for treatments, and the WHO classification continues to form the basis for management of this disease. Nevertheless, our increasing understanding of the molecular genetics and biology of GEP-NENs has begun to expose flaws in the WHO classification. We describe the current understanding of the molecular characteristics of GEP-NENs, and discuss how advances in molecular profiling measurements, including assays of circulating mRNAs, are likely to influence the management of these tumours.
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231
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PAPP-A and the IGF system. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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232
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Jiang C, Starr S, Chen F, Wu J. Low-fidelity alternative DNA repair carcinogenesis theory may interpret many cancer features and anticancer strategies. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1897-910. [PMID: 27166654 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have proposed that the low-fidelity compensatory backup alternative DNA repair pathways drive multistep carcinogenesis. Here, we apply it to interpret the clinical features of cancer, such as mutator phenotype, tissue specificity, age specificity, diverse types of cancers originated from the same type of tissue, cancer susceptibility of patients with DNA repair-defective syndromes, development of cancer only for a selected number of individuals among those that share the same genetic defect, invasion and metastasis. Clinically, the theory predicts that to improve the efficacy of molecular targeted or synthetic lethal therapy, it may be crucial to inhibit the low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair either directly or by blocking the signal transducers of the sustained microenvironmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.,Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shane Starr
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA and currently Flint Medical Laboratory, 3490 Calkins Road, Flint, MI 48532, USA
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA and currently Flint Medical Laboratory, 3490 Calkins Road, Flint, MI 48532, USA
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233
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Belani CP, Dahlberg SE, Rudin CM, Fleisher M, Chen HX, Takebe N, Velasco MR, Tester WJ, Sturtz K, Hann CL, Shanks JC, Monga M, Ramalingam SS, Schiller JH. Vismodegib or cixutumumab in combination with standard chemotherapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1508). Cancer 2016; 122:2371-8. [PMID: 27163943 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical targeting of the hedgehog pathway by vismodegib and of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor by cixutumumab enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and also demonstrates activity against the tumor cell fraction responsible for disease recurrence in small cell lung cancer. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC-ED) were randomized to receive four 21-day cycles of cisplatin and etoposide alone (cisplatin at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 and etoposide at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3; arm A) or in combination with either vismodegib (150 mg/d by mouth; arm B) or cixutumumab (6 mg/kg/wk intravenously on day 1; arm C). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were isolated/enumerated with the Veridex CellSearch platform at the baseline. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two eligible patients were treated. Patient demographics and disease characteristics were well balanced between the 3 arms except for the higher rate with a performance status of 0 in arm B (P = .03). The median PFS times in arms A, B, and C were 4.4, 4.4, and 4.6 months, respectively; the median overall survival (OS) times were 8.8, 9.8, and 10.1 months, respectively; and the response rates were 48%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. None of the comparisons of these outcomes were statistically significant. The median OS was 10.5 months for those with low CTC counts (≤100/7.5 mL) at baseline and 7.2 months for those with high CTC counts (hazard ratio, 1.74; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant improvement in PFS or OS with the addition of either vismodegib or cixutumumab to chemotherapy in patients with SCLC-ED. A low baseline CTC count was associated with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 2016;122:2371-2378. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne E Dahlberg
- ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keren Sturtz
- Colorado Cancer Research Program, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Manish Monga
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | - Joan H Schiller
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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234
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Ding J, Li C, Tang J, Yi C, Liu JY, Qiu M. Higher Expression of Proteins in IGF/IR Axes in Colorectal Cancer is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:773-9. [PMID: 27138191 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (preDM) increases occurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Insulin growth factor (IGF)/insulin receptor (IR) axes play an important role in the development of both diabetes and CRC. We aimed to explore the characteristics of proteins expression in IGF/IR axes in CRC tissues with preDM. Two hundred fifty CRC patients in West China hospital were included in analysis. Among them, 125 patients had history of diabetes matched by 125 CRC without diabetes at a 1:1 ratio. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of proteins in IGF/IR axis. More positive expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IR were found in CRC group with diabetes than in non-diabetes group. No difference was detected in the expression of IR substrate-1, IR substrate-2, IGF-2, IGF binding protein 3, and mammalian target of rapamycin between two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes history was associated with all of the expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IR, and higher T staging and lymph node metastasis were respectively independent factors of IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in CRC patients. Besides, IGF-1 expression was positively associated with IGF-1R and IR expression in all CRC tissues, and the association of IGF-1 and IR expression seemed to be closer in diabetes group than in non-diabetes group. Higher expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IR proteins in CRC was associated with diabetes, suggesting IGF-1/IR signaling may play a special part in development of CRC in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
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Nakayama A, Aoki S, Uchihashi K, Nishijima-Matsunobu A, Yamamoto M, Kakihara N, Iwakiri R, Fujimoto K, Toda S. Interaction between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adipose Tissue in Vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1180-94. [PMID: 26952643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops within the squamous epithelial layer and invades the submucosa to the subadventitia that has adipose tissue (AT). AT seems critical to ESCC progression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We aimed to address the association between ESCC and AT in vitro. ESCC cells were cultured on rat or human subcutaneous AT-embedded or -non-embedded collagen gel. AT promoted the growth of ESCC cells and inhibited their apoptosis. AT promoted the expression of the squamous differentiation marker involucrin in ESCC cells. AT accelerated the expression of invasion-related factors in poorly differentiated ESCC cells only. AT promoted the expression of phosphorylated-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in ESCC cells, whereas it inhibited that of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Insulin-like growth factor-1, but not leptin, adiponectin, or resistin, promoted and inhibited the growth and apoptosis of ESCC cells, respectively. In turn, ESCC cells decreased the production of these adipokines in AT and the number of preadipocytes and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells, which developed from AT. These results suggest that i) AT may influence the progression of ESCC with increased growth or invasion and decreased apoptosis through insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling, ii) AT may affect human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted therapy; and iii) the cancer cells may affect adipokine production in AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Shigehisa Aoki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Uchihashi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Mihoko Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kakihara
- Department of Basic Science of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuji Toda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Carlzon D, Svensson J, Petzold M, Karlsson MK, Ljunggren Ö, Haghsheno MA, Damber JE, Mellström D, Ohlsson C. Insulin-like growth factor I and risk of incident cancer in elderly men - results from MrOS (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men) in Sweden. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:764-70. [PMID: 26440042 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of the association between circulating IGF-I and cancer risk have shown conflicting results. We have previously observed a U-shaped association between IGF-I and cancer mortality. This study test the hypotheses of a U-shaped association between IGF-I and incident cancer. DESIGN Elderly men (2368), randomly recruited from the general community. METHODS IGF-I was measured in a cohort of elderly men. Complete data for incident cancer were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Statistical analyses included Cox proportional hazards regressions with or without a spline approach. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-nine participants had incident cancer after baseline. Prostate cancer was most frequent (n = 140). There was no association between serum IGF-I and all cancer or prostate cancer incidence. However, there was a nonlinear association between IGF-I and nonprostate cancer incidence (P = <0·05). Exploratory analyses were performed for low and high serum IGF-I (quintiles 1 and 5) vs intermediate (quintiles 2-4, referent). There was a tendency of increased nonprostate cancer risk in men with high IGF-I (HR = 1·26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·92-1·71, P = 0·15). After excluding participants with follow-up of less than 2·6 years (half median follow-up time), to control for potential diagnostic delay, the association was statistically significant (HR = 1·55, CI: 1·03-2·35). CONCLUSION There was a significant nonlinear association between IGF-I and nonprostate cancer. No association between IGF-I and prostate cancer was observed. Future studies are warranted to further investigate this nonlinear association, including whether IGF-I concentration is a reproducible, and useful, risk marker of nonprostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carlzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Petzold
- Center for Applied Biostatistics at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad-Ali Haghsheno
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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ERG deregulation induces IGF-1R expression in prostate cancer cells and affects sensitivity to anti-IGF-1R agents. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16611-22. [PMID: 25906745 PMCID: PMC4599293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying patients who may benefit from targeted therapy is an urgent clinical issue in prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated the molecular relationship between TMPRSS2-ERG (T2E) fusion gene and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) to optimize the use of IGF-1R inhibitors. IGF-1R was analyzed in cell lines and in radical prostatectomy specimens in relation to T2E status. ERG binding to IGF-1R promoter was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Sensitivity to anti-IGF-1R agents was evaluated alone or in combination with anti-androgen abiraterone acetate in vitro at basal levels or upon ERG modulation. IGF-1R analysis performed in PCa cells or clinical samples showed that T2E expression correlated with higher IGF-1R expression at mRNA and protein levels. Genetic modulation of ERG directly affected IGF-1R protein levels in vitro. ChIP analysis showed that ERG binds IGF-1R promoter and that promoter occupancy is higher in T2E-positive cells. IGF-1R inhibition was more effective in cell lines expressing the fusion gene and combination of IGF-1R inhibitors with abiraterone acetate produced synergistic effects in T2E-expressing cells. Here, we provide the rationale for use of T2E fusion gene to select PCa patients for anti-IGF-1R treatments. The combination of anti-IGF-1R-HAbs with an anti-androgen therapy is strongly advocated for patients expressing T2E.
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238
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Matsuo K, Moeini A, Cahoon SS, Machida H, Ciccone MA, Grubbs BH, Muderspach LI. Weight Change Pattern and Survival Outcome of Women with Endometrial Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:2988-97. [PMID: 27112587 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association between weight change patterns and survival outcomes of women with endometrial cancer. METHODS This retrospective study examined surgically-staged endometrial cancer cases with available weight information between 1999 and 2013 (n = 665). Proportional body mass index (delta-BMI) change at 6 months, 1 and 2 years after hysterectomy was compared with baseline BMI and correlated to patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment type, and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Mean BMI was 35.6, and 69 % of cases were obese. At 6 months, 1 and 2 years after surgery, 39.1, 51.6, and 57.0 % of the study population, respectively, gained weight compared with pre-treatment baseline. In univariate analysis, 6-month delta-BMI change was significantly associated with DFS and OS, demonstrating bidirectional effects (both p < 0.001): 5-year rates, ≥15.0 % delta-BMI loss (33.5 and 59.1 %), 7.5-14.9 % loss (67.3 and 70.0 %), <7.5 % loss (87.8 and 95.7 %), <7.5 % gain (87.2 and 90.3 %), 7.5-14.9 % gain (64.6 and 67.6 %), and ≥15.0 % gain (32.5 and 66.7 %). In multivariable analysis controlling for age, ethnicity, baseline BMI, histology, grade, stage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, 6-month delta-BMI change remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS (all p < 0.05): adjusted hazard ratios, ≥15 % delta-BMI loss (3.35 and 5.39), 7.5-14.9 % loss (2.35 and 4.19), 7.5-14.9 % gain (2.58 and 3.33), and ≥15.0 % gain (2.50 and 3.45) compared with <7.5 % loss. Similar findings were observed at a 1-year time point (p < 0.05). Baseline BMI was not associated with survival outcome (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that endometrial cancer patients continued to gain weight after hysterectomy, and post-treatment weight change had bidirectional effects on survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aida Moeini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sigita S Cahoon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hiroko Machida
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Marcia A Ciccone
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila I Muderspach
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Berardi R, Morgese F, Torniai M, Savini A, Partelli S, Rinaldi S, Caramanti M, Ferrini C, Falconi M, Cascinu S. Medical treatment for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:389-401. [PMID: 27096034 PMCID: PMC4824717 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) represents a various family of rare tumours. Surgery is the first choice in GEP-NENs patients with localized disease whilst in the metastatic setting many other treatment options are available. Somatostatin analogues are indicated for symptoms control in functioning tumours. Furthermore they may be effective to inhibit tumour progression. GEP-NENs pathogenesis has been extensively studied in the last years therefore several driver mutations pathway genes have been identified as crucial factors in their tumourigenesis. GEP-NENs can over-express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblastic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF-α and -β), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors PDGF receptor, IGF-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGF receptor, and c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) that can be considered as potential targets. The availability of new targeted agents, such as everolimus and sunitinib that are effective in advanced and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, has provided new treatment opportunities. Many trials combing new drugs are ongoing.
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240
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Gong Z, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Rohan TE, Chen C, Vitolins MZ, Tinker LF, LeBlanc ES, Kuller LH, Hou L, LaMonte MJ, Luo J, Wactawski-Wende J. Diabetes, metformin and incidence of and death from invasive cancer in postmenopausal women: Results from the women's health initiative. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:1915-27. [PMID: 26616262 PMCID: PMC4830266 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Findings from studies of metformin use with risk of cancer incidence and outcome provide mixed results; with few studies examined associations by recency of diabetes diagnosis or duration of medication use. Thus, in the Women's Health Initiative, we examined these associations and further explored whether associations differ by recency of diabetes and duration of metformin use. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals. Diabetes was associated with higher risk of total invasive cancer (HR, 1.13; p < 0.001) and of several site-specific cancers (HR, 1.2-1.4, and up to over twofold). Diabetes was also associated with higher risk of death from cancer (HR, 1.46; p < 0.001). There was no overall difference in cancer incidence by diabetes therapy (p = 0.66). However, there was a lower risk of death from cancer for metformin users, compared to users of other medications, relative to women without diabetes, overall (HRs, 1.08 vs. 1.45; p = 0.007) and for breast cancer (HRs, 0.50 vs. 1.29; p = 0.05). Results also suggested that lower cancer risk associated with metformin may be evident only for a longer duration of use in certain cancer sites or subgroup populations. We provide further evidence that postmenopausal women with diabetes are at higher risk of invasive cancer and cancer death. Metformin users, particularly long-term users, may be at lower risk of developing certain cancers and dying from cancer, compared to users of other anti-diabetes medications. Future studies are needed to determine the long-term effect of metformin in cancer risk and survival from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Aaron K. Aragaki
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rowan T. Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Mara Z. Vitolins
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Erin S. LeBlanc
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Lewis H. Kuller
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environment Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environment Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Sablania P, Batra S, Saxena A. Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor (IGF-IR) Ligands and BMI in Squamous Intra-Epithelial Lesion (SIL) of Cervix. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC11-5. [PMID: 27042445 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17113.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cervix is the most common cancer in women in developing countries like India. Several studies have linked insulin-like growth factors-I & II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and IGF binding proteins-3 (IGFBP-3) with pathogenesis of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of cervix (SIL). To the best of our knowledge, no study has shown any correlation between circulating C-Peptide levels and SIL. AIM The present study has attempted to evaluate the correlation between SIL and IGF-IR ligands (IGF-I, IGF-II, C-Peptide), IGF binding protein (IGFBP-3) and Body Mass Index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present case-control study consisted of 31 histologically proven SIL cases and 31 age matched controls without evidence of SIL. A 10 ml blood sample was collected in heparinized vial. Plasma was separated immediately using centrifugation and was stored at -80(0) C till further analysis. Plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, C-peptide and IGFBP3 were measured using commercially available Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Height and weight was noted for calculation of BMI. Bio-effective molar ratio (BEMR) was calculated as 3.72 x {(0.25 x IGF-I) + (0.032 x IGF-II) + (0.0025 x C-peptide)} / {(1435 + IGFBP-3) - (2.79 x IGF-I) - (2.87 x IGF-II)}. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software employing student t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test for trend while binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). RESULT IGF-I, IGF-II levels and BEMR were significantly increased in SIL compared to controls (p= 0.001, p <0.001, and p <0.001, respectively). C-Peptide levels were higher in controls than SIL (p = 0.04). IGFBP-3 & BMI in SIL were not significantly related when compared with controls. Risk of SIL in 4(th) quartile for BEMR, IGF-I, and IGF-II was 12.18(95% CI= 3.13-47.39), 3.94(95% CI = 1.24-12.56), and 4.57(95% CI = 1.42-14.7), respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of IGF-I and IGF-II are associated with risk of SIL while BEMR emerges out to be a derived factor strongly associated with risk of SIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sablania
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, ANIIMS (Andaman & Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences) , Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Swaraj Batra
- Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research , Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Saxena
- Director-Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College , Delhi, India
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Gao H, Deng H, Xu H, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu F. MicroRNA-223 promotes mast cell apoptosis by targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2171-2176. [PMID: 27284298 PMCID: PMC4887759 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the functional role of miR-223 in the regulation of mast cell apoptosis. Overexpressed miR-223 in mast cells transfected by Lipofectamine 2000 was used as a model, and miR-223 was found to promote mast cell apoptosis. To investigate the underlying mechanisms involved, the potential and putative target molecules of miR-223 were detected by bioinformatical analysis using predictive software, and western blotting. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was found to be the functional target of miR-223 in the promotion of cell apoptosis. The downstream PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway was also inhibited, and signaling was mediated by IGF-1R. Furthermore, the relative luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of IGF-1R was significantly suppressed, while suppression of miR-223-inhibited IGF-1R protein expression was also observed. In conclusion, the results suggest that IGF-1R is the functional target for miR-223 promotion of cell apoptosis, and its downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was suppressed by miR-223 through targeting of IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qianyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Llorens MC, Lorenzatti G, Cavallo NL, Vaglienti MV, Perrone AP, Carenbauer AL, Darling DS, Cabanillas AM. Phosphorylation Regulates Functions of ZEB1 Transcription Factor. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2205-17. [PMID: 26868487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ZEB1 transcription factor is important in both development and disease, including many TGFβ-induced responses, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which many tumors undergo metastasis. ZEB1 is differentially phosphorylated in different cell types; however the role of phosphorylation in ZEB1 activity is unknown. Luciferase reporter studies and electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) show that a decrease in phosphorylation of ZEB1 increases both DNA-binding and transcriptional repression of ZEB1 target genes. Functional analysis of ZEB1 phosphorylation site mutants near the second zinc finger domain (termed ZD2) show that increased phosphorylation (due to either PMA plus ionomycin, or IGF-1) can inhibit transcriptional repression by either a ZEB1-ZD2 domain clone, or full-length ZEB1. This approach identifies phosphosites that have a substantial effect regulating the transcriptional and DNA-binding activity of ZEB1. Immunoprecipitation with anti-ZEB1 antibodies followed by western analysis with a phospho-Threonine-Proline-specific antibody indicates that the ERK consensus site at Thr-867 is phosphorylated in ZEB1. In addition to disrupting in vitro DNA-binding measured by EMSA, IGF-1-induced MEK/ERK phosphorylation is sufficient to disrupt nuclear localization of GFP-ZEB1 fusion clones. These data suggest that phosphorylation of ZEB1 integrates TGFβ signaling with other signaling pathways such as IGF-1. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2205-2217, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Candelaria Llorens
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Lorenzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia L Cavallo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria V Vaglienti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana P Perrone
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anne L Carenbauer
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Kentucky
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Kentucky
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ana M Cabanillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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El Tayebi HM, Abdelaziz AI. Epigenetic regulation of insulin-like growth factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2668-2677. [PMID: 26973407 PMCID: PMC4777991 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is an important pathway in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, and the IGF network is clearly dysregulated in many cancers and developmental abnormalities. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), only a minority of patients are eligible for curative treatments, such as tumor resection or liver transplant. Unfortunately, there is a high recurrence of HCC after surgical tumor removal. Recent research efforts have focused on targeting IGF axis members in an attempt to find therapeutic options for many health problems. In this review, we shed lights on the regulation of members of the IGF axis, mainly by microRNAs in HCC. MicroRNAs in HCC attempt to halt the aberrant expression of the IGF network, and a single microRNA can have multiple downstream targets in one or more signaling pathways. Targeting microRNAs is a relatively new approach for identifying an efficient radical cure for HCC.
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Takahashi T, Uehara H, Ogawa H, Umemoto H, Bando Y, Izumi K. Inhibition of EP2/EP4 signaling abrogates IGF-1R-mediated cancer cell growth: involvement of protein kinase C-θ activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4829-44. [PMID: 25638159 PMCID: PMC4467118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between growth factor receptor-mediated cell signaling and cancer cell growth have been previously characterized. Receptors for prostaglandin E2, such as EP2, and EP4, play roles in cancer growth, progression and invasion. Thus, we examined the interactions between EP2/EP4- and IGF-1R-mediated cellular signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells. Selective antagonists against EP2 and EP4 abrogated IGF-1-stimulated cell growth and suppressed MEK/ERK phosphorylation. In subsequent experiments, phospho-antibody arrays indicated increased phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) at the Thr538 position following the inhibition of EP2/EP4-mediated signaling. Inhibition of PKC-θ activity impaired cell viability compared with EP2/EP4-antagonized IGF-1-stimulated cells. PKC-θ kinase MAP4K3, which plays a pivotal role in PKC-θ activation, also affected growth signaling in the presence of EP2/EP4 antagonists. Administration of EP2 and EP4 antagonists significantly inhibited the growth of an orthotopic xenograft of IGF-1-secreting pancreatic cancer cells, with increased phospho-PKC-θ and decreased phospho-ERK. Clinico-pathological analyses showed that 17.4% of surgical pancreatic cancer specimens were quadruple-positive for IGF-1R, EP2 (or EP4), MAP4K3, and PKC-θ. These results indicate a novel signaling crosstalk between EP2/EP4 and IGF-1R in cancer cells, and suggest that the MAP4K3-PKC-θ axis is central and could be exploited as a molecular target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitomi Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Bando
- Division of Pathology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Izumi
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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246
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Metformin may protect nondiabetic breast cancer women from metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:339-57. [PMID: 26902691 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a widely prescribed oral hypoglycemic agent, has recently received a big interest because of its potential antitumorigenic effects in different cancer types. The present study investigated the impact of adding metformin to breast cancer adjuvant therapy in nondiabetic women on, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), the molar ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP-3, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metastasis. 102 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were divided into 2 main groups, a control group and a metformin group. All women were treated with adjuvant therapy, according to the protocols of Ministry of Health and Population and National Cancer Institute, Egypt. Moreover, the women in the metformin group received 850 mg of metformin twice daily. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after chemotherapy (CT), after 6 months of hormonal therapy (6-HT) and 12 months of hormonal therapy (12-HT) for analysis of serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, FBG and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3). Metformin resulted in a significant reduction of IGF-1, IGF-1: IGFBP-3 molar ratio, insulin, FBG and HOMA-IR. On the other hand, metformin caused a significant increase of IGFBP-3. Moreover, metformin significantly decreased the numbers of metastatic cases after 6-HT. Metformin may have potential antitumor and antimetastatic effects that need further clinical investigations. This may be attributed to either the significant increase of the apoptotic inducer IGFBP-3 or/and the significant reduction of mitogenic insulin, IGF-1, free bioactive IGF-1, FBG and HOMA-IR.
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Farahani RK, Azimzadeh P, Rostami E, Malekpour H, Aghdae HA, Pourhoseingholi MA, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Zali MR. Evaluation of insulin like growth facror-1 genetic polymorphism with gastric cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological features. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4215-8. [PMID: 26028075 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is the first cause of cancer deaths in both sexes In Iranian population. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-one (IGF-1) levels have been associated for gastric cancer. IGF-1 protein has central roles involved in the regulation of epithelial cell growth, proliferation, transformation, apoptosis and metastasis. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IGF-1 regulatory elements may lead to alter in IGF-1 expression level and GC susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IGF-1 gene polymorphism (rs5742612) on risk of GC and clinicopathological features for the first time in Iranian population. In total, 241 subjects including 100 patients with GC and 141 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with DNA from peripheral blood. The polymorphism was statistically analyzed to investigate the relationship with the risk of GC and clinicopathological properties. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association between rs5742612 and the risk of GC. In addition, no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features was observed (p value>0.05). The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 97%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, among the cases, and 97.9%, 2.1%, and 0%, respectively, among the controls. CC genotype was more frequent in cases and controls. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 98.9% and 1.1% in controls and 98.5% and 1.5% in patient respectively. Our results provide the first evidence that this variant is rare in Iranian population and it may not be a powerful genetic predisposing biomarker for prediction GC clinicopathological features in an Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kishani Farahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology, Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Fu S, Tang H, Liao Y, Xu Q, Liu C, Deng Y, Wang J, Wang J, Fu X. Expression and clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor 1 in lung cancer tissues and perioperative circulation from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:12-9. [PMID: 26966399 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) in the development of lung cancer. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of igf-1 and igf-1 receptor (igf-1r) in specimens of tissue and perioperative circulation from 80 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) and from 45 patients with benign pulmonary lesions (bpls). Correlations of those measurements with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical follow-up were analyzed. Circulating igf-1 was measured before and after surgery in all patients. RESULTS Compared with bpl specimens, nsclc specimens showed overexpression of igf-1and igf-1r (p < 0.001). The expression levels of igf-1 and igf-1r were significantly associated with advanced-stage disease (p = 0.034 and 0.029 respectively) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012 and 0.017 respectively), and expression of igf-1 correlated with tumour differentiation and tumour diameter (p = 0.011 and 0.021 respectively). Specimens positive for igf-1 or igf-1r were significantly correlated with shorter patient survival (p = 0.0012 and 0.0016 respectively). After surgery, circulating igf-1 was significantly elevated in patients with bpl (p = 0.0346) and significantly lower in patients with nsclc (p = 0.0030), especially in those with advanced-stage disease, a larger tumour size, regional lymphoid node metastasis, or lesser differentiation (p = 0.0092, 0.0051, 0.0131, and p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In nsclc, igf-1 and igf-1r are upregulated, and expression of those factors is correlated with tumour progression and prognosis in nsclc patients. Radical resection of nsclc can directly influence the serum concentration of igf-1. Autocrine/paracrine igf-1 might be playing an important role in the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - H Tang
- Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - Y Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - Q Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - C Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - J Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - J Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
| | - X Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R.C
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Bugel SM, Wehmas LC, La Du JK, Tanguay RL. Phenotype anchoring in zebrafish reveals a potential role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tamoxifen's effects on skin epithelium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 296:31-41. [PMID: 26908177 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful alternative model used to link phenotypes with molecular effects to discover drug mode of action. Using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay, we evaluated the effects of tamoxifen--a widely used anti-estrogen chemotherapeutic. Zebrafish exposed to ≥ 10 μM tamoxifen exhibited a unique necrotic caudal fin phenotype that was rapidly induced regardless of developmental life-stage when treatment was applied. To define tamoxifen's bioactivity resulting in this phenotype, targeted gene expression was used to evaluate 100 transcripts involved in tissue remodeling, calcium signaling, cell cycle and cell death, growth factors, angiogenesis and hypoxia. The most robustly misregulated transcripts in the tail were matrix metalloproteinases mmp9 and mmp13a, induced 127 and 1145 fold, respectively. Expression of c-fos, c-jun, and ap1s1 were also moderately elevated (3-7 fold), consistent with AP-1 activity--a transcription factor that regulates MMP expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed high levels of induction for MMP13a in affected caudal fin skin epithelial tissue. The necrotic caudal fin phenotype was significantly attenuated or prevented by three functionally unique MMP inhibitors: EDTA (metal chelator), GM 6001 (broad MMP inhibitor), and SR 11302 (AP-1 transcription factor inhibitor), suggesting MMP-dependence. SR 11302 also inhibited induction of mmp9, mmp13a, and a putative MMP target, igfbp1a. Overall, our studies suggest that tamoxifen's effect is the result of perturbation of the MMP system in the skin leading to ectopic expression, cytotoxicity, and the necrotic caudal fin phenotype. These studies help advance our understanding of tamoxifen's non-classical mode of action and implicate a possible role for MMPs in tissues such as skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Leah C Wehmas
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Jane K La Du
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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Huang CH, Williamson SK, Neupane P, Taylor SA, Allen A, Smart NJ, Uypeckcuat AM, Spencer S, Wick J, Smith H, Van Veldhuizen PJ, Kelly K. Impact Study: MK-0646 (Dalotuzumab), Insulin Growth Factor 1 Receptor Antibody Combined with Pemetrexed and Cisplatin in Stage IV Metastatic Non-squamous Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 5:301. [PMID: 26793618 PMCID: PMC4710681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Adenocarcinoma and never-smokers have a higher expression of IGF-1R, which is associated with worse overall survival. Dalotuzumab-MK0646 (D) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets IGF-1R. Pemetrexed (P) has higher activity in non-squamous lung cancer (NSQL). We initiated a randomized phase II trial to test the combination of P and Cisplatin (C) ± D in NSQL. METHODS Eligibility criteria were untreated NSQL stage IV, ECOG 0 or 1, measurable disease, adequate renal, hepatic and hematologic function, and no other intercurrent illness. P at 500 mg/m(2) and C at 75 mg/m(2) IV were given every 3 weeks. D was given at 10 mg/kg IV weekly on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 3-week cycle in the experimental group. The patients had a radiographic assessment after every two cycles and were treated for a maximum of six cycles if there was a response or stable disease. The primary objective of the study was to compare the clinical response rates of PC vs. PC + D. RESULTS From 1/2009 to 2/2011, the study accrued 26 subjects: 16 male and 10 female, with a median age of 59; 14 were treated with PC and 12 were treated with PC + D. We observed two partial responses (PR), seven stable disease (SD), three progressive disease (PD), and two not evaluable (NE) in the PC arm. In comparison, for the PC + D arm, there were three PR, four SD, four PD, and one NE. The hematologic toxicity was similar in both groups. There was higher incidence of hyperglycemia in the experimental group; four cases with grade 3 and one case with grade 4. CONCLUSION PC + D had a similar response rate compared to PC, with a higher rate of hyperglycemia. Identification of responders using predictive markers would be key to continuing the study of D in NSQL. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00799240, clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao H Huang
- Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ace Allen
- Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Nora J Smart
- University of Kansas Cancer Center , Westwood, KS , USA
| | | | - Sarah Spencer
- Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Jo Wick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Holly Smith
- University of Kansas Cancer Center , Westwood, KS , USA
| | - Peter J Van Veldhuizen
- Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Karen Kelly
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , Sacramento, CA , USA
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