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Zhang Y, Brenner M, Yang WL, Wang P. Recombinant human MFG-E8 ameliorates colon damage in DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis in mice. J Transl Med 2015; 95:480-90. [PMID: 25751740 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive system and typically requires lifelong medical care. Recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) is a 364-amino acid protein, which promotes apoptotic cell clearance and reduces inflammation. This study investigates the therapeutic effect of rhMFG-E8 on two well-established mouse models of IBD. Acute mucosal injury leading to colitis was caused by exposing C57BL/6 mice to 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water over 7 days, and BALB/c mice to a single intrarectal dose of 2.75 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Upon clinical onset of colitis (day 2 in the DSS model and day 1 in the TNBS model), mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of rhMFG-E8 (60 or 120 μg/kg/day) or vehicle (saline) for 6 days. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 significantly attenuated colitis in both models in a dose-dependent way. Treatment of DSS-induced colitis with rhMFG-E8 (120 μg/kg/day) decreased weight loss by 59%, the colitis severity score by 71%, and colon shrinkage by 49% when compared with vehicle. Similarly, treatment of TNBS-induced colitis with rhMFG-E8 (120 μg/kg/day) decreased weight loss by 97%, the colitis severity score by 82%, and colon shrinkage by 62% when compared with vehicle. In both models, the colons of animals receiving rhMFG-E8 showed marked reduction in neutrophil infiltration, cytokine and chemokine expression, and apoptotic cell counts. In conclusion, rhMFG-E8 ameliorates DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis, suggesting that it has the potential to become a novel therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhong Zhang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- 1] Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [2] TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- 1] Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA [2] TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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202
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Menconi A, Hernandez-Velasco X, Vicuña E, Kuttappan V, Faulkner O, Tellez G, Hargis B, Bielke L. Histopathological and morphometric changes induced by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model in broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:906-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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203
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Vicuña EA, Kuttappan VA, Tellez G, Hernandez-Velasco X, Seeber-Galarza R, Latorre JD, Faulkner OB, Wolfenden AD, Hargis BM, Bielke LR. Dose titration of FITC-D for optimal measurement of enteric inflammation in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1353-9. [PMID: 25877413 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been used in foodstock animals to reduce enteric inflammation and maintain intestinal homeostasis, thus improving growth and performance. Due to increasing restrictions regarding the use of AGP however, precise and high throughput enteric inflammation models and markers to search for effective alternatives are urgently needed. In this paper, oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d, 3-5 kDa) and its passage into blood was used as a marker for tight junction permeability. In experiement 1, broilers were assigned to a control group, a group which received 24 h feed restriction (FR), or a group which received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (0.75% in water for 5 d), and each group then underwent an oral gavage of FITC-d 2.5 h before sample collection on d10. FITC-d in serum and intestinal samples (duodenum and ceca) were found to be higher (P<0.05) after FR than in the DSS and control groups. In experiment 2, FR was evaluated for its effect on mucosal leakage and an oral dose of FITC-d of 0.5, 1.1, or 2.2 mg/chick was used to measure the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability at 6 d of age. The amount of FITC-d remaining in the duodenal tissue of the control birds increased with dose, only the 1.1 mg FITC-d/chick dose resulted in differences (P<0.05) between the control and FR groups. No differences were noted between the control and FR groups, regardless of FITC-d dosage in cecal recovery of FITC-d. Additionally, FR increased FITC-d serum levels when compared to the control group and in a dose-dependent manner. Experiment 3 compared serum levels after administration of 0.55 and 1.1 mg/chick doses of FITC-d in birds treated with FR, rye-based diet (RBD), and DSS. Intestinal sections were collected for FITC-d recovery in the 1.1 mg dosage group. All inflammation treatments significantly increased serum FITC-d levels at both doses. Only FR resulted in increased (P<0.05) FITC-d recovery from duodenum, ileum, and ceca. In conclusion, FR, DSS, and RBD affected GIT tight junction integrity, suggesting their value for enteric inflammation models, and FITC-d may be a good indicator of permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Vicuña
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - V A Kuttappan
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - R Seeber-Galarza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - J D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - O B Faulkner
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - A D Wolfenden
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA
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204
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Reynolds JM, Lee YH, Shi Y, Wang X, Angkasekwinai P, Nallaparaju KC, Flaherty S, Chang SH, Watarai H, Dong C. Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation. Immunity 2015; 42:692-703. [PMID: 25888259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines has emerged as a critical player in inflammatory diseases. Among them, IL-25 has been shown to be important in allergic inflammation and protection against parasitic infection. Here we have demonstrated that IL-17B, a poorly understood cytokine, functions to inhibit IL-25-driven inflammation. IL-17B and IL-25, both binding to the interleukin-17 receptor B (IL-17RB), were upregulated in their expression after acute colonic inflammation. Individual inhibition of these cytokines revealed opposing functions in colon inflammation: IL-25 was pathogenic but IL-17B was protective. Similarly opposing phenotypes were observed in Citrobacter rodentium infection and allergic asthma. Moreover, IL-25 was found to promote IL-6 production from colon epithelial cells, which was inhibited by IL-17B. Therefore, our data demonstrate that IL-17B is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the IL-17 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kalyan C Nallaparaju
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Stephanie Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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205
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Tellez G, Latorre JD, Kuttappan VA, Hargis BM, Hernandez-Velasco X. Rye affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in Turkey poults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122390. [PMID: 25849537 PMCID: PMC4388489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that rye significantly increased both viscosity and Clostridium perfringens proliferation when compared with corn in an in vitro digestive model. Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rye as a source of energy on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with corn in turkey poults. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 0 /group). At 10 d of age, in both experiments, 12 birds/group were given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood and liver samples were collected to evaluate the passage of FITC-d and bacterial translocation (BT) respectively. Duodenum, ileum and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with a rye diet showed increased (p<0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that turkey poults fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to turkey poults fed with corn. Turkey poults fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum but not in the ceca, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in turkey poults fed with rye when compared with corn fed turkey poults. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in turkey poults that increased intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition and bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected Direct-Fed Microbial (DFM) candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed turkey poults are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Vivek A Kuttappan
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
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206
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Utrilla MP, Peinado MJ, Ruiz R, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Clemente A, Galvez J, Rubio LA. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed albumin extracts show anti-inflammatory effect in the DSS model of mouse colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:807-19. [PMID: 25626675 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the preventive effects of two pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extracts, either in the presence (pea seed extract [PSE]) or absence (albumin fraction from PSE [AF-PSE]) of soluble polysaccharides, in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: one noncolitic and four colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.5%) in the drinking water for 4 days, after which DSS was removed. Treated groups received orally PSE (15 g/kg⋅day), or AF-PSE (1.5 g/kg⋅day), or pure soy Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI; 50 mg/kg⋅day), starting 2 wk before colitis induction, and maintained for 9 days after. All treated groups showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effect, evidenced by reduced microscopic histological damage in comparison with untreated colitic mice. The treatments ameliorated the colonic mRNA expression of different proinflammatory markers: cytokines, inducible enzymes, metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and toll-like receptors, as well as proteins involved in maintaining the epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, the administration of PSE, AF-PSE, or soy BBI restored bacterial counts, partially or totally, to values in healthy mice. CONCLUSION PSE and AF-PSE ameliorated DSS-induced damage to mice, their effects being due, at least partially, to the presence of active BBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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207
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Hasby EA, Hasby Saad MA, Shohieb Z, El Noby K. FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and immunomodulation after Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Immunol 2015; 295:67-76. [PMID: 25766778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization on the immunomodulation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis as an experimental model of IBD in comparison to non immunization and healthy control. The study was performed on 180 mice; 25 healthy control, 15 to identify the inflammatory peak of DSS, 25 received DSS for 7 days; 90 infected with S. mansoni cercariae to collect eggs for antigen preparation, and 25 immunized with the prepared antigen then received DSS course. Disease activity index, macroscopic & microscopic inflammatory scores, FoxP3+ T regulatory cell count, myeloperoxidase activity, and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile were compared in studied groups. Immunization induced both FoxP3+ T(regs) and Th2 cytokines to establish a state of immune homeostasis and create a quiescent steadier immune response to DSS. S. mansoni egg antigen succeeded in acting like a prophylactic helminthic therapy as it has a profitable modulatory effect on DSS-induced colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Hasby
- Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
| | | | - Zeinab Shohieb
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Kholoud El Noby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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208
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Leonardi I, Nicholls F, Atrott K, Cee A, Tewes B, Greinwald R, Rogler G, Frey-Wagner I. Oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate induces a caecum-localized colitis in rabbits. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:151-62. [PMID: 25716348 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuris suis ova (TSO) have shown promising results in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the mechanisms which underlies this therapeutic effect cannot be studied in mice and rats as T. suis fails to colonize the rodent intestine, whilst hatching in humans and rabbits. As a suitable rabbit IBD model is currently not available, we developed a rabbit colitis model by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). White Himalayan rabbits (n = 12) received 0.1% DSS in the daily water supply for five days. Clinical symptoms were monitored daily, and rabbits were sacrificed at different time points. A genomewide expression analysis was performed with RNA isolated from caecal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). The disease activity index of DSS rabbits increased up to 2.1 ± 0.4 (n = 6) at day 10 (controls <0.5). DSS induced a caecum-localized pathology with crypt architectural distortion, stunted villous surface and inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. The histopathology score reached a peak of 14.2 ± 4.9 (n = 4) at day 10 (controls 7.7 ± 0.9, n = 5). Expression profiling revealed an enrichment of IBD-related genes in both LPMC and IEC. Innate inflammatory response, Th17 signalling and chemotaxis were among the pathways affected significantly. We describe a reproducible and reliable rabbit model of DSS colitis. Localization of the inflammation in the caecum and its similarities to IBD make this model particularly suitable to study TSO therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Nicholls
- Central Biological Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Cee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Tewes
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Greinwald
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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209
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Nalle SC, Kwak HA, Edelblum KL, Joseph NE, Singh G, Khramtsova GF, Mortenson ED, Savage PA, Turner JR. Recipient NK cell inactivation and intestinal barrier loss are required for MHC-matched graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:243ra87. [PMID: 24990882 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a correlation between pretransplant conditioning intensity, intestinal barrier loss, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) severity. However, because irradiation and other forms of pretransplant conditioning have pleiotropic effects, the precise role of intestinal barrier loss in GVHD pathogenesis remains unclear. We developed GVHD models that allowed us to isolate the specific contributions of distinct pretransplant variables. Intestinal damage was required for the induction of minor mismatch [major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched] GVHD, but was not necessary for major mismatch GVHD, demonstrating fundamental pathogenic distinctions between these forms of disease. Moreover, recipient natural killer (NK) cells prevented minor mismatch GVHD by limiting expansion and target organ infiltration of alloreactive T cells via a perforin-dependent mechanism, revealing an immunoregulatory function of MHC-matched recipient NK cells in GVHD. Minor mismatch GVHD required MyD88-mediated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling on donor cells, and intestinal damage could be bypassed by parenteral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, indicating a critical role for the influx of bacterial components triggered by intestinal barrier loss. In all, the data demonstrate that pretransplant conditioning plays a dual role in promoting minor mismatch GVHD by both depleting recipient NK cells and inducing intestinal barrier loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Nalle
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - H Aimee Kwak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nora E Joseph
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Eric D Mortenson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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210
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Oliveira LGD, Cunha ALD, Duarte AC, Castañon MCMN, Chebli JMF, Aguiar JAKD. Positive correlation between disease activity index and matrix metalloproteinases activity in a rat model of colitis. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 51:107-12. [PMID: 25003261 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, comprising a broad spectrum of diseases those have in common chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, histological alterations and an increased activity levels of certain enzymes, such as, metalloproteinases. OBJECTIVES Evaluate a possible correlation of disease activity index with the severity of colonic mucosal damage and increased activity of metalloproteinases in a model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. METHODS Colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium for seven days in this group (n=10), whereas control group (n=16) received water. Effects were analyzed daily by disease activity index. In the seventh day, animals were euthanized and hematological measurements, histological changes (hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian Blue staining), myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were determined. RESULTS Dextran sulfate sodium group showed elevated disease activity index and reduced hematological parameters. Induction of colitis caused tissue injury with loss of mucin and increased myeloperoxidase (P<0.001) and MMP-9 activities (45 fold) compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a disease activity index correlation with the degree of histopathological changes after induction of colitis, and this result may be related mainly to the increased activity of MMP-9 and mieloperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - André Luiz da Cunha
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Amaury Caiafa Duarte
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jair Adriano Kopke de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Análise de Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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211
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Nakanishi M, Perret C, Meuillet EJ, Rosenberg DW. Non-cell autonomous effects of targeting inducible PGE2 synthesis during inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:478-86. [PMID: 25634334 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), the terminal enzyme in the formation of inducible PGE2, represents a potential target for cancer chemoprevention. We have previously shown that genetic abrogation of mPGES-1 significantly suppresses tumorigenesis in two preclinical models of intestinal cancer. In this study, we examined the role of mPGES-1 during colon tumorigenesis in the presence of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory microenvironment. Using Apc (Δ14/+) in which the mPGES-1 gene is either wild-type (D14:WT) or deleted (D14:KO), we report that mPGES-1 deficiency enhances sensitivity to acute mucosal injury. As a result of the increased epithelial damage, protection against adenoma formation is unexpectedly compromised in the D14:KO mice. Examining the DSS-induced acute injury, cryptal structures are formed within inflamed areas of colonic mucosa of both genotypes that display the hallmarks of early neoplasia. When acute epithelial injury is balanced by titration of DSS exposures, however, these small cryptal lesions progress rapidly to adenomas in the D14:WT mice. Given that mPGES-1 is highly expressed within the intestinal stroma under the inflammatory conditions of DSS-induced ulceration, we propose a complex and dual role for inducible PGE2 synthesis within the colonic mucosa. Our data suggest that inducible PGE2 is critical for the maintenance of an intact colonic epithelial barrier, while promoting epithelial regeneration. This function is exploited during neoplastic transformation in Apc (Δ14/+) mice as PGE2 contributes to the growth and expansion of the early initiated cryptal structures. Taken together, inducible PGE2 plays a complex role in inflammation-associated cancers that requires further analysis. Inducible PGE2 production by mPGES-1 is critical for the colonic mucosal homeostasis. This function is exploited in the presence of the neoplastic transformation in Apc (Δ14/+) mice as PGE2 contributes to the growth and expansion of the early cryptal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, Inserm, U1016, département endocrinologie métabolisme et cancer, Institut Cochin, Paris, France and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christine Perret
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, Inserm, U1016, département endocrinologie métabolisme et cancer, Institut Cochin, Paris, France and
| | - Emmanuelle J Meuillet
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, Inserm, U1016, département endocrinologie métabolisme et cancer, Institut Cochin, Paris, France and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Tucson, AZ, USA
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212
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Boirivant M. Experimental Models of Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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213
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Li B, Baylink DJ, Walter MH, Lau KHW, Meng X, Wang J, Cherkas A, Tang X, Qin X. Targeted 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase adoptive gene therapy ameliorates dss-induced colitis without causing hypercalcemia in mice. Mol Ther 2014; 23:339-51. [PMID: 25327179 PMCID: PMC4445611 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment ameliorating murine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could not be applied to patients because of hypercalcemia. We tested the hypothesis that increasing 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis locally by targeting delivery of the 1α-hydroxylase gene (CYP27B1) to the inflamed bowel would ameliorate IBD without causing hypercalcemia. Our targeting strategy is the use of CD11b(+)/Gr1(+) monocytes as the cell vehicle and a macrophage-specific promoter (Mac1) to control CYP27B1 expression. The CD11b(+)/Gr1(+) monocytes migrated initially to inflamed colon and some healthy tissues in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mice; however, only the migration of monocytes to the inflamed colon was sustained. Adoptive transfer of Gr1(+) monocytes did not cause hepatic injury. Infusion of Mac1-CYP27B1-modified monocytes increased body weight gain, survival, and colon length, and expedited mucosal regeneration. Expression of pathogenic Th17 and Th1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-17a and interferon (IFN)-α) was decreased, while expression of protective Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) was increased, by the treatment. This therapy also enhanced tight junction gene expression in the colon. No hypercalcemia occurred following this therapy. In conclusion, we have for the first time obtained proof-of-principle evidence for a novel monocyte-based adoptive CYP27B1 gene therapy using a mouse IBD model. This strategy could be developed into a novel therapy for IBD and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - David J Baylink
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Michael H Walter
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- 1] Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA [2] Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xianmei Meng
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Andriy Cherkas
- 1] Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Lviv State College of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- 1] Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA [2] Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
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214
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Tellez G, Latorre JD, Kuttappan VA, Kogut MH, Wolfenden A, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hargis BM, Bottje WG, Bielke LR, Faulkner OB. Utilization of rye as energy source affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition, and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Front Genet 2014; 5:339. [PMID: 25309584 PMCID: PMC4174888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the utilization of rye as energy source on bacterial translocation (BT), intestinal viscosity, gut integrity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with a traditional cereal (corn) in broiler chickens. In each experiment, day-of-hatch, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to either a corn or a rye diet (n = 20 chickens/group). At 10 d of age, in both experiments, 12 chickens/group were randomly selected, and given an oral gavage dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d). After 2.5 h of oral gavage, blood samples were collected to determine the passage of FITC-d. The liver was collected from each bird to evaluate BT. Duodenum, ileum, and cecum gut sections were collected to evaluate intestinal viscosity and to enumerate gut microbiota. Tibias were collected for observation of bone parameters. Broilers fed with rye showed increased (p < 0.05) intestinal viscosity, BT, and serum FITC-d. Bacterial enumeration revealed that chickens fed with rye had increased the number of total lactic acid bacteria in all three sections of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated when compared to chickens fed with corn. Chickens fed with rye also had significantly higher coliforms in duodenum and ileum, whereas the total number of anaerobes increased only in duodenum. A significant reduction in bone strength and bone mineralization was observed in chickens fed with rye when compared with corn fed chickens. In conclusion, rye evoked mucosal damage in chickens that alter the intestinal viscosity, increased leakage through the intestinal tract, and altered the microbiota composition as well as bone mineralization. Studies to evaluate dietary inclusion of selected DFM candidates that produce exogenous enzymes in rye fed chickens are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Tellez
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Juan D Latorre
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Vivek A Kuttappan
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Area Home, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, College Station TX, USA
| | - Amanda Wolfenden
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, México
| | - Billy M Hargis
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Olivia B Faulkner
- The John Kirkpatrick Skeeles Poultry Health Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Singh V, Kumar A, Raheja G, Anbazhagan AN, Priyamvada S, Saksena S, Jhandier MN, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Borthakur A, Dudeja PK. Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates downregulation of DRA function and expression in inflammatory models. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G623-31. [PMID: 25059823 PMCID: PMC4166720 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00104.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics, including Lactobacilli, are commensal bacteria that have been used in clinical trials and experimental models for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal disorders. Our previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and its culture supernatant (CS) stimulated Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity, acutely via an increase in the surface levels of downregulated in adenoma (DRA, SLC26A3) and in long-term treatments via increasing its expression involving transcriptional mechanisms. However, the role of LA in modulating DRA activity under inflammatory conditions is not known. Current in vitro studies using human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells examined the efficacy of LA or its CS in counteracting the inhibitory effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity. Pretreatment of cells with LA or LA-CS for 1 h followed by coincubation with IFN-γ significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of IFN-γ on Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity. In the in vivo model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis (3% in drinking water for 7 days) in C57BL/6J mice, administration of live LA (3 × 10(9) colony-forming units) via oral gavage attenuated colonic inflammation. LA administration also counteracted the colitis-induced decrease in DRA mRNA and protein levels. Efficacy of LA or its secreted soluble factors in alleviating inflammation and inflammation-associated dysregulation of DRA activity could justify their therapeutic potential in inflammatory diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Anoop Kumar
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and ,2Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan, India
| | - Geetu Raheja
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Seema Saksena
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Muhammad Nauman Jhandier
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Ravinder K. Gill
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Waddah A. Alrefai
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Alip Borthakur
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and
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216
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Oishi M, Tokuhara K, Miki H, Tanaka Y, Yamaki S, Kaibori M, Yoshizawa K, Yuri T, Yoshigai E, Nishizawa M, Okumura T, Kwon AH. Temporal and spatial dependence of inflammatory biomarkers and suppression by fluvastatin in dextran sodium sulfate-induced rat colitis model. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2126-35. [PMID: 24781162 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats is widely used as an experimental model for elucidating the etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) and developing its novel remedy. We investigated the temporal and spatial changes in inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regions of rectum and distal colon and examined whether statins, which were designed to lower plasma cholesterol levels, influenced those mediators. METHODS Colitis was induced in rats by oral administration of 5 % DSS for 5 days, followed by 2 % DSS for 10 days. 5 % DSS rats were treated with fluvastatin (20 mg/kg) concomitantly for 5 days. The expression of inflammatory mediators of a sequence of four regions in rectum (R) and distal colon (D0, D1, and D2) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The peak of colitic damage, which was confirmed clinically and histopathologically, was found on days 4-6. The expression of TNF-α, iNOS, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 mRNA increased in R time dependently, showing the peak on days 4-6, and then decreased thereafter. The levels of mRNAs reduced from R to D0, D1, and D2 region dependently. Fluvastatin decreased the expression of these markers in addition to the prevention of DSS-induced damage. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated that the expression of inflammatory biomarkers had time and region specificity and was markedly inhibited by fluvastatin. To obtain a precise drug effect for UC, it is important to elucidate the temporal and spatial dependence of inflammatory biomarkers in DSS colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Oishi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan,
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217
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Potential therapeutic utility of mesenchymal stem cells in inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:515-21. [PMID: 25133649 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were found to provide an effective therapeutic role in inflammatory diseases by modulating inflammatory responses and tissue regeneration by their differentiation ability. The present work sought to demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of MSCs in treating chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. A new model to induce chronic IBD based on alternative administration periods of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) was established. Mice were divided into 2 groups; one was treated with MSCs and the other was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of MSCs was by measuring weight, stool scoring, histopathological examination, and measuring the gene expression of inflammatory markers: Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The results showed that DSS administration causes bloody and watery stool, weight loss, and altered histopathologic picture. MSC treated mice showed a significant improvement in stool condition, weight gain, and normal histopathologic picture compared to the PBS treated mice. Moreover, gene expressions of inflammatory markers in the intestines of the MSC treated mice were also significantly lower than those of the PBS treated mice. In conclusion, the data here showed that MSCs have a clear potential efficacy in the treatment for IBD, as their immune modulation effects include inhibition in the expression of key inflammatory markers that each plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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218
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa, and its etiology remains unclear. Animal models are commonly used to study UC, including the murine model of colitis induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The murine model of DSS-induced colitis is well appreciated and widely used because of its simplicity, cheapness and high success rate. DSS-induced colitis has many similarities to human UC in location, clinical and histological features. In view of its indispensable position in the study of UC, we provide a brief overview of the animal model of DSS-induced colitis in terms of its features, modelling methods, pathogenesis and influencing factors.
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219
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Shin HS, Satsu H, Bae MJ, Zhao Z, Ogiwara H, Totsuka M, Shimizu M. Anti-inflammatory effect of chlorogenic acid on the IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells and the dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis symptoms in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem 2014; 168:167-75. [PMID: 25172696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CHA) is an antioxidant polyphenol prevalent in human diet, with coffee, fruits, and vegetables being its main source. Effects of CHA and CHA metabolites were evaluated on the IL-8 production in human intestinal Caco-2 cells induced by combined stimulation with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and H2O2. CHA and caffeic acid (CA) inhibited TNFα- and H2O2-induced IL-8 production. We also examined the in vivo effects of CHA and CA using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. CHA attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, and shortening of colon and dramatically improved colitis histological scores. Furthermore, increases in the mRNA expression of colonic macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and IL-1β, which were induced by DSS, were significantly suppressed by CHA supplementation. These results suggest that dietary CHA use may aid in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Functional Materials Research Group, Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideo Satsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Min-Jung Bae
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Basic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zhaohui Zhao
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haru Ogiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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220
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Beloqui A, Coco R, Memvanga PB, Ucakar B, des Rieux A, Préat V. pH-sensitive nanoparticles for colonic delivery of curcumin in inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:203-12. [PMID: 25014369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nano-scaled particles have been found to preferentially accumulate in inflamed regions. Local delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs loaded in nanoparticles to the inflamed colonic site is of great interest for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. Curcumin (CC) is an anti-inflammatory local agent, which presents poor ADME properties. Hence, we evaluated, both in vitro and in vivo, the local delivery of CC using pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) combining both poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) and a polymethacrylate polymer (Eudragit(®) S100). CC-NPs significantly enhanced CC permeation across Caco-2 cell monolayers when compared to CC in suspension. CC-NPs significantly reduced TNF-α secretion by LPS-activated macrophages (J774 cells). In vivo, CC-NPs significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α secretion while maintaining the colonic structure similar to the control group in a murine DSS-induced colitis model. Our results support the use of nanoparticles made of PLGA and Eudragit(®) S100 combination for CC delivery in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Régis Coco
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick B Memvanga
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratoire de Pharmacie galénique, BP 212 Kinshasa XI,Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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221
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Laroui H, Viennois E, Xiao B, Canup BSB, Geem D, Denning TL, Merlin D. Fab'-bearing siRNA TNFα-loaded nanoparticles targeted to colonic macrophages offer an effective therapy for experimental colitis. J Control Release 2014; 186:41-53. [PMID: 24810114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are currently treated by systemic drugs that can have significant side effects. Thus, it would be highly desirable to target TNFα siRNA (a therapeutic molecule) to the inflamed tissue. Here, we demonstrate that TNFα siRNA can be efficiently loaded into nanoparticles (NPs) made of poly (lactic acid) poly (ethylene glycol) block copolymer (PLA-PEG), and that grafting of the Fab' portion of the F4/80 Ab (Fab'-bearing) onto the NP surface via maleimide/thiol group-mediated covalent bonding improves the macrophage (MP)-targeting kinetics of the NPs to RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Direct binding was shown between MPs and the Fab'-bearing NPs. Next, we orally administered hydrogel (chitosan/alginate)-encapsulated Fab'-bearing TNFα-siRNA-loaded NPs to 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice and investigated the therapeutic effect on colitis. In vivo, the release of TNFα-siRNA-loaded NPs into the mouse colon attenuated colitis more efficiently when the NPs were covered with Fab'-bearing, compared to uncovered NPs. All DSS-induced parameters of colonic inflammation (e.g., weight loss, myeloperoxidase activity, and Iκbα accumulation) were more attenuated Fab'-bearing NPs loaded with TNFα siRNA than without the Fab'-bearing. Grafting the Fab'-bearing onto the NPs improved the kinetics of endocytosis as well as the MP-targeting ability, as indicated by flow cytometry. Collectively, our results show that Fab'-bearing PLA-PEG NPs are powerful and efficient nanosized tools for delivering siRNAs into colonic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Laroui
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Emilie Viennois
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, USA; Department Chemistry and Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Veterans Affair Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Bo Xiao
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, USA; Department Chemistry and Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Brandon S B Canup
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Duke Geem
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, USA; Department Chemistry and Biology, Center Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Veterans Affair Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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222
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Zheng B, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Overbeek S, van de Kant HJG, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Vos P, Morgan ME, Kraneveld AD. Bifidobacterium breve attenuates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and increases regulatory T cell responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95441. [PMID: 24787575 PMCID: PMC4008378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While some probiotics have shown beneficial effects on preventing or treating colitis development, others have shown no effects. In this study, we have assessed the immunomodulating effects of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on T cell polarization in vitro, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in vivo, using murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. With respect to the latter, the mRNA expression of T cell subset-associated transcription factors and cytokines in the colon was measured and the T helper type (Th) 17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets were determined in the Peyer's patches. Both L. rhamnosus and B. breve incubations in vitro reduced Th17 and increased Th2 cell subsets in human PBMCs. In addition, B. breve incubation was also able to reduce Th1 and increase Treg cell subsets in contrast to L. rhamnosus. In vivo intervention with B. breve, but not L. rhamnosus, significantly attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis. In DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice, intervention with B. breve increased the expression of mRNA encoding for Th2- and Treg-associated cytokines in the distal colon. In addition, intervention with B. breve led to increases of Treg and decreases of Th17 cell subsets in Peyer's patches of DSS-treated mice. B. breve modulates T cell polarization towards Th2 and Treg cell-associated responses in vitro and in vivo. In vivo B. breve intervention ameliorates DSS-induced colitis symptoms and this protective effect may mediated by its effects on the T-cell composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Overbeek
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J. G. van de Kant
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Vos
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mary E. Morgan
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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223
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Aluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:589-601. [PMID: 24129165 PMCID: PMC3998638 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in developing countries has highlighted the critical role of environmental pollutants as causative factors in their pathophysiology. Despite its ubiquity and immune toxicity, the impact of aluminum in the gut is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmentally relevant intoxication with aluminum in murine models of colitis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Oral administration of aluminum worsened intestinal inflammation in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and chronic colitis in interleukin 10-negative (IL10(-/-)) mice. Aluminum increased the intensity and duration of macroscopic and histologic inflammation, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, inflammatory cytokines expression, and decreased the epithelial cell renewal compared with control animals. Under basal conditions, aluminum impaired intestinal barrier function. In vitro, aluminum induced granuloma formation and synergized with lipopolysaccharide to stimulate inflammatory cytokines expression by epithelial cells. Deleterious effects of aluminum on intestinal inflammation and mucosal repair strongly suggest that aluminum might be an environmental IBD risk factor.
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Aegle marmelos fruit extract abates dextran sodium sulfate induced acute colitis in mice: Repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines during colonic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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225
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Colonic expression of the peptide transporter PEPT1 is downregulated during intestinal inflammation and is not required for NOD2-dependent immune activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:671-84. [PMID: 24583477 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000443336.71488.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEPT1 was proposed to be expressed only in inflamed colonic tissues in which it could contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development by transporting bacterial peptides, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), that activate intracellular pattern recognition receptors, such as the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2. To better define the pathological relevance of this transporter, we analyzed PEPT1 expression during intestinal inflammation and studied the susceptibility of Pept1-deficient (Pept1) mice to experimental colitis. METHODS Wild-type and Pept1 mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce colitis, and MDP-induced cytokine expression was studied in colonic tissue cultures. PEPT1 expression was characterized in mouse models of Crohn's disease-like ileitis (Tnf) or colitis (Il-10, Il-10XTlr2) and endoscopic tissue samples from descending colon of patients with IBD (n = 11) and controls (n = 17). Moreover, the prevalence of the PEPT1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2297322 was tested in German patients with IBD (n = 458) and controls (n = 452). RESULTS PEPT1 expression was consistently reduced under condition of acute or chronic experimental inflammation. Wild-type and Pept1 mice revealed comparable susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, and MDP-induced cytokine expression was PEPT1-independent. PEPT1 expression levels were also decreased in descending colon of patients with IBD during acute inflammation, but the rs2297322 single-nucleotide polymorphism was not associated with IBD susceptibility in the German cohort. CONCLUSIONS PEPT1 expression is reduced during intestinal inflammation and PEPT1 is neither required for MDP-induced immune response nor is the PEPT1 rs2297322 single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with IBD susceptibility in our German cohort. These data strongly argue against a primary role of PEPT1 in the initiation or progression of IBD.
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226
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Aherne CM, Collins CB, Eltzschig HK. Netrin-1 guides inflammatory cell migration to control mucosal immune responses during intestinal inflammation. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24957. [PMID: 24665394 PMCID: PMC3879190 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a dynamic barrier playing an active role in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Intestinal barrier function is dysregulated during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with epithelial cells playing a significant part in generating an inflammatory milieu through the release of signals that attract leukocytes to the intestinal lamina propria. However, it is increasingly appreciated that the intestinal epithelium mediates a counterbalancing response to drive resolution. Drawing analogies with neuronal development, where the balance of chemoattractive and chemorepellent signals is key to directed neuronal movement it has been postulated that such secreted cues play a role in leukocyte migration. Netrin-1 is one of the best-described neuronal guidance molecules, which has been shown to play a significant role in directed migration of leukocytes. Prior to our study the potential role of netrin-1 in IBD was poorly characterized. We defined netrin-1 as an intestinal epithelial-derived protein capable of limiting neutrophil recruitment to attenuate acute colitis. Our study highlights that the intestinal epithelium releases factors during acute inflammation that are responsible for fine-tuning the immune response. Exploration of these epithelial-mediated protective mechanisms will shed light on the complexity of the intestinal epithelial barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Aherne
- Mucosal Inflammation Program; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Colm B Collins
- Department of Pediatrics; Children's Hospital Colorado; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO USA
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227
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Hayes C, Natividad J, Jury J, Martin R, Langella P, Verdu E. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve NCC2950 against DSS-induced colitis is dependent on bacterial preparation and timing of administration. Benef Microbes 2014; 5:79-88. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have been proposed as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, but variations in strains, formulations, and protocols used in clinical trials have hindered the creation of guidelines for their use. Thus, preclinical insight into the mechanisms of specific probiotic strains and mode of administration would be useful to guide future clinical trial design. In this study, live, heat inactivated (HI), and spent culture medium preparations of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve NCC2950 were administered to specific pathogen free C57BL/6 mice before or during colitis, as well as before colitis reactivation. Five days of 3.5% dextran sulphate sodium in drinking water was used to induce colitis. Pretreatment with live B. breve reduced disease severity, myeloperoxidase activity, microscopic damage, cytokine production, interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 ratio, and lymphocyte infiltration in the colon. B. breve did not attenuate on-going colitis. After acute colitis, disease symptoms were normalised sooner with live and HI B. breve treatment; however, reactivation of colitis was not prevented. These findings indicate that the efficacy of a probiotic to modulate intestinal inflammation is dependent on the formulation as well as state of inflammation when administered. Overall, live B. breve was most efficacious in preventing acute colitis. Live and HI B. breve also promoted recovery from diarrhoea and colon bleeding after a bout of acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Hayes
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J.M.M. Natividad
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J. Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - R. Martin
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P. Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - E.F. Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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228
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Ayyadurai S, Charania MA, Xiao B, Viennois E, Zhang Y, Merlin D. Colonic miRNA expression/secretion, regulated by intestinal epithelial PepT1, plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication during colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87614. [PMID: 24586284 PMCID: PMC3929505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PepT1 is a member of the proton-oligopeptide cotransporter family SLC15, which mediates the transport of di/tripeptides from intestinal lumen into epithelial cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a small noncoding RNAs (21–23 nucleotides), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of their target mRNAs. Although the role of most miRNAs remains elusive, they have been implicated in vital cellular functions such as intestinal epithelial cells differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of intestinal epithelial PepT1 expression on microRNA (miRNA) expression/secretion in the colons of control mice and in mice with experimentally induced colonic inflammation (colitis). The colonic miRNA expression was deregulated in both colitis and control mice but the deregulation of miRNA expression/secretion was specific to colonic tissue and did not affect other tissues such as spleen and liver. Intestinal epithelial PepT1-dependent deregulation of colonic miRNA expression not only affects epithelial cells but also other cell types, such as intestinal macrophages. Importantly, we found the miRNA 23b which was known to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease was secreted and transported between cells to impose a gene-silencing effect on recipient intestinal macrophages. Based on our data, we may conclude that the expression of a specific protein, PepT1, in the intestine affects local miRNA expression/secretion in the colon on a tissue specific manner and may play an important role during the induction and progression of colitis. Colonic miRNA expression/secretion, regulated by intestinal epithelial PepT1, could play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ayyadurai
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Moiz A. Charania
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emilie Viennois
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Didier Merlin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
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Joe Y, Uddin MJ, Zheng M, Kim HJ, Chen Y, Yoon NA, Cho GJ, Park JW, Chung HT. Tristetraprolin mediates anti-inflammatory effect of carbon monoxide against DSS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88776. [PMID: 24586391 PMCID: PMC3929600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Tristetraprolin (TTP) is known to destabilize pro-inflammatory transcripts. Here we found that exogenous CO enhanced the decay of TNF-α mRNA and suppressed TNF-α expression in LPS-activated macrophages from wild-type (WT) mice. However, TTP deficiency abrogated the effects of exogenous CO. While CO treatment prior to DSS administration in WT mice significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and colitis, it failed to reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and colitis in TTP knockout (KO) mice. Our results demonstrate that TTP is a key factor mediating the anti-inflammatory action of CO in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
- * E-mail: (HTC); (JWP)
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
- * E-mail: (HTC); (JWP)
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Chassaing B, Aitken JD, Malleshappa M, Vijay-Kumar M. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 104:15.25.1-15.25.14. [PMID: 24510619 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1525s104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1129] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's Disease, are complex and multifactorial diseases with unknown etiology. For the past 20 years, to study human IBD mechanistically, a number of murine models of colitis have been developed. These models are indispensable tools to decipher underlying mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis as well as to evaluate a number of potential therapeutics. Among various chemically induced colitis models, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model is widely used because of its simplicity and many similarities with human ulcerative colitis. This model has both advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when employed. This protocol describes the DSS-induced colitis model, focusing on details and factors that could affect DSS-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jesse D Aitken
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Madhu Malleshappa
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Johansson MEV, Gustafsson JK, Holmén-Larsson J, Jabbar KS, Xia L, Xu H, Ghishan FK, Carvalho FA, Gewirtz AT, Sjövall H, Hansson GC. Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 2014; 63:281-91. [PMID: 23426893 PMCID: PMC3740207 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inner mucus layer in mouse colon normally separates bacteria from the epithelium. Do humans have a similar inner mucus layer and are defects in this mucus layer a common denominator for spontaneous colitis in mice models and ulcerative colitis (UC)? METHODS AND RESULTS The colon mucus layer from mice deficient in Muc2 mucin, Core 1 O-glycans, Tlr5, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Slc9a3 (Nhe3) together with that from dextran sodium sulfate-treated mice was immunostained for Muc2, and bacterial localisation in the mucus was analysed. All murine colitis models revealed bacteria in contact with the epithelium. Additional analysis of the less inflamed IL-10(-/-) mice revealed a thicker mucus layer than wild-type, but the properties were different, as the inner mucus layer could be penetrated both by bacteria in vivo and by fluorescent beads the size of bacteria ex vivo. Clear separation between bacteria or fluorescent beads and the epithelium mediated by the inner mucus layer was also evident in normal human sigmoid colon biopsy samples. In contrast, mucus on colon biopsy specimens from patients with UC with acute inflammation was highly penetrable. Most patients with UC in remission had an impenetrable mucus layer similar to that of controls. CONCLUSIONS Normal human sigmoid colon has an inner mucus layer that is impenetrable to bacteria. The colon mucus in animal models that spontaneously develop colitis and in patients with active UC allows bacteria to penetrate and reach the epithelium. Thus colon mucus properties can be modulated, and this suggests a novel model of UC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, , Gothenburg, Sweden
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232
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Szitter I, Pintér E, Perkecz A, Kemény A, Kun J, Kereskai L, Pietra C, Quinn JP, Zimmer A, Berger A, Paige CJ, Helyes Z. Role of neurokinin 1 receptors in dextran sulfate-induced colitis: studies with gene-deleted mice and the selective receptor antagonist netupitant. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:399-409. [PMID: 24468892 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The function of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor was investigated in the DSS-induced mouse colitis model using NK1 receptor-deficient mice and the selective antagonist netupitant. SUBJECTS Colitis was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/ml DSS solution for 7 days in C57BL/6 and Tacr1 KO animals (n = 5-7). TREATMENT During the induction, one-half of the C57BL/6 and Tacr1 KO group received one daily dose of 6 mg/kg netupitant, administered intraperitoneally, the other half of the group received saline, respectively. METHODS Disease activity index (DAI), on the basis of stool consistency, blood and weight loss, was determined over 7 days. Histological evaluation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement, cytokine concentrations and receptor expression analysis were performed on the colon samples. RESULTS NK1 receptors are up-regulated in the colon in response to DSS treatment. DSS increased DAI, histopathological scores, BLC, sICAM-1, IFN-γ, IL-16 and JE in wildtype mice, which were significantly reduced in NK1 receptor-deficient ones. NK1 receptor antagonism with netupitant significantly diminished DAI, inflammatory histopathological alterations, BLC, IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-16 in wildtype mice, but not in the NK1-deficient ones. MPO was similarly elevated and netupitant significantly decreased its activity in both groups. CONCLUSIONS NK1 receptor antagonism could be beneficial for colitis via inhibiting different inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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233
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King DE. Acute DSS colitis alters EphB6 receptor expression in neurons of the spinal dorsal horn. Neurosci Lett 2014; 559:105-10. [PMID: 24309292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ephrin family of receptors (Eph) and their ephrin ligands are involved in pain associated hyperalgesia, but the underlying mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. The EphB6 receptor is a distinctive member of the EphB subclass in that its kinase domain contains several alterations in the conserved amino acids and thus lacks catalytic activity. We sought to identify a role for EphB6 in inflammatory pain, with the murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colitis, induced with the administration of 4% (wt./vol.) DSS in the drinking water, significantly decreased EphB6 protein expression levels in neurons of the lower thoracic superficial layers of spinal dorsal horns, the location of neurons that receive the majority of nociceptive information from the colon, via the primary afferents. A shift towards increased EphB/ephrinB forward signaling, mediated by EphB6 down-regulation in neurons of the dorsal horn, may play a role in inflammatory pain caused by IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E King
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju City Republic of Korea.
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234
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Cressman AM, Petrovic V, Piquette-Miller M. Inflammation-mediated changes in drug transporter expression/activity: implications for therapeutic drug response. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 5:69-89. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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235
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Animal models of human disease: Inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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236
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Jädert C, Phillipson M, Holm L, Lundberg JO, Borniquel S. Preventive and therapeutic effects of nitrite supplementation in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Redox Biol 2013; 2:73-81. [PMID: 24494186 PMCID: PMC3909265 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic nitrate and nitrite have emerged as alternative substrates for nitric oxide (NO) generation in the gastrointestinal tract, and have shown to be protective against drug-induced gastric injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of nitrate and nitrite in a model of experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in mice by administrating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with concurrent administration of nitrite (1 mM) or nitrate (10 mM) in the drinking water for 7 days. A therapeutic approach was also investigated by initiating nitrite treatment 3 days after DSS-induced colitis. Clinical and inflammatory markers were assessed and the colonic mucus thickness was measured in vivo. The effect of nitrite on wound healing was evaluated using colon epithelial cells. RESULTS Concurrent administration of DSS and nitrite (1 mM) alleviated inflammation as determined by reduced disease activity index score (DAI) and increased colon length, while nitrate (10 mM) only reduced the DAI-score. Nitrite also displayed therapeutic effects by ameliorating established colonic inflammation with reduced colonic expression of iNOS and improving histopathology. DSS-induced decrease in colonic mucus thickness was completely prevented by nitrite administration. In addition, goblet cell abundance was lower by DSS treatment, but was increased by addition of nitrite. Further studies using colon epithelial cells revealed an NO-dependent improvement in wound healing with nitrite administration. CONCLUSION Nitrite exerts both preventive and therapeutic effects in colonic inflammation. The protective effects involve preservation of an intact adherent mucus layer and regulation of epithelial cell restitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Jädert
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Sara Borniquel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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237
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Jiang Q, Jiang Z, Hall YJ, Jang Y, Snyder PW, Bain C, Huang J, Jannasch A, Cooper B, Wang Y, Moreland M. Gamma-tocopherol attenuates moderate but not severe colitis and suppresses moderate colitis-promoted colon tumorigenesis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1069-1077. [PMID: 24013093 PMCID: PMC3859799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation can promote colon cancer. Mechanistic studies indicate that γ-tocopherol (γT), a major form of vitamin E in diets, has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Here we investigated the effectiveness of γT and a mixture of tocopherols against colitis and colitis-promoted colon tumorigenesis in male BALB/c mice. γT or mixed tocopherols (at 0.1% diet) did not show any effect on colon tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM, 10mg/kg) with three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS at 1.5-2.5%). γT failed to exhibit protection of severe colitis caused by three cycles of DSS at 2.5%. In contrast, when AOM-initiated carcinogenesis was promoted by relatively mild colitis induced by one-cycle DSS (1.5%), γT, but not mixed tocopherols, suppressed total multiplicity of macroscopic adenomas (P=0.06) and large adenomatous polyps (>2mm(2), P<0.05) by 60 and 85%, respectively. γT also significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (>2mm(2)) induced by AOM with two cycles of 1.5% DSS even when dietary supplementation was started after AOM injection. Consistently, γT but not mixed tocopherols attenuated DSS (1.5%)-induced colon inflammation and damage as well as formation of atypical glandular hyperplasia. Mice supplemented with tocopherols had high fecal excretion of 13'-carboxychromanol, a long-chain vitamin E metabolite shown to have potent anti-inflammatory activities. Our study demonstrates that γT is able to alleviate moderate but not severe colitis and its promoted tumorigenesis, and indicates that inflammation severity should be considered in evaluating anticancer effectiveness of chemoprevention agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ziying Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yava Jones Hall
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yumi Jang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carol Bain
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianjie Huang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amber Jannasch
- Metabolite Profiling Facility Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Metabolite Profiling Facility Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michelle Moreland
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Chua ACG, Klopcic BRS, Ho DS, Fu SK, Forrest CH, Croft KD, Olynyk JK, Lawrance IC, Trinder D. Dietary iron enhances colonic inflammation and IL-6/IL-11-Stat3 signaling promoting colonic tumor development in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78850. [PMID: 24223168 PMCID: PMC3819375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation and high dietary iron are associated with colorectal cancer development. The role of Stat3 activation in iron-induced colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis was investigated in a mouse model of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer. Mice, fed either an iron-supplemented or control diet, were treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Intestinal inflammation and tumor development were assessed by endoscopy and histology, gene expression by real-time PCR, Stat3 phosphorylation by immunoblot, cytokines by ELISA and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Colonic inflammation was more severe in mice fed an iron-supplemented compared with a control diet one week post-DSS treatment, with enhanced colonic IL-6 and IL-11 release and Stat3 phosphorylation. Both IL-6 and ferritin, the iron storage protein, co-localized with macrophages suggesting iron may act directly on IL-6 producing-macrophages. Iron increased DSS-induced colonic epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis consistent with enhanced mucosal damage. DSS-treated mice developed anemia that was not alleviated by dietary iron supplementation. Six weeks post-DSS treatment, iron-supplemented mice developed more and larger colonic tumors compared with control mice. Intratumoral IL-6 and IL-11 expression increased in DSS-treated mice and IL-6, and possibly IL-11, were enhanced by dietary iron. Gene expression of iron importers, divalent metal transporter 1 and transferrin receptor 1, increased and iron exporter, ferroportin, decreased in colonic tumors suggesting increased iron uptake. Dietary iron and colonic inflammation synergistically activated colonic IL-6/IL-11-Stat3 signaling promoting tumorigenesis. Oral iron therapy may be detrimental in inflammatory bowel disease since it may exacerbate colonic inflammation and increase colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C. G. Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Borut R. S. Klopcic
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Desiree S. Ho
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S. Kristine Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cynthia H. Forrest
- Department of Histopathology, PathWest, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John K. Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian C. Lawrance
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Beloqui A, Coco R, Alhouayek M, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Muccioli GG, Préat V. Budesonide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers reduce inflammation in murine DSS-induced colitis. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:775-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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240
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Targeting intestinal inflammation with CD98 siRNA/PEI-loaded nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2013; 22:69-80. [PMID: 24025751 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal CD98 expression plays a crucial role in controlling homeostatic and innate immune responses in the gut. Modulation of CD98 expression in intestinal cells therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) are used, including their ability to easily pass through physiological barriers and evade phagocytosis, high loading concentration, rapid kinetics of mixing and resistance to degradation. Using physical chemistry characterizations techniques, CD98 siRNA/polyethyleneimine (PEI)-loaded NPs was characterized (diameter of ~480 nm and a zeta potential of -5.26 mV). Interestingly, CD98 siRNA can be electrostatically complexed by PEI and thus protected from RNase. In addition, CD98 siRNA/PEI-loaded NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible with intestinal cells. Oral administration of CD98/PEI-loaded NPs encapsulated in a hydrogel reduced CD98 expression in mouse colonic tissues and decreased dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in a mouse model. Finally, flow cytometry showed that CD98 was effectively downregulated in the intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal macrophages of treated mice. Finally, the results collectively demonstrated the therapeutic effect of "hierarchical nano-micro particles" with colon-homing capabilities and the ability to directly release "molecularly specific" CD98 siRNA in colonic cells, thereby decreasing colitis.
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241
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Viennois E, Chen F, Laroui H, Baker MT, Merlin D. Dextran sodium sulfate inhibits the activities of both polymerase and reverse transcriptase: lithium chloride purification, a rapid and efficient technique to purify RNA. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:360. [PMID: 24010775 PMCID: PMC3847706 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used in mouse studies to induce a very reproducible colitis that effectively mimics the clinical and histological features of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, especially ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms of action of DSS remain poorly understood, and observations by our laboratory and other groups indicate that DSS contamination of colonic tissues from DSS-treated mice potently inhibits the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification of mRNA. Results A prior study used poly-A-mediated mRNA purification to remove DSS from RNA extracts, but we herein report a second efficient and cost-effective approach to counteract this inhibition, using lithium chloride precipitation to entirely remove DSS from RNAs. We also explored how DSS interferes with qRT-PCR process, and we report for the first time that DSS can alter the binding of reverse transcriptase to previously primed RNA and specifically inhibits the enzymatic activities of reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase in vitro. This likely explains why DSS-treated colonic RNA is not suitable to qRT-PCR amplification without a previous purification step. Conclusion In summary, we provide a simple method to remove DSS from colonic RNAs, and we demonstrate for the first time that DSS can inhibit the activities of both polymerase and reverse transcriptase. In order to reliably analyze gene expression in the colonic mucosa of DSS-treated mice, the efficiency rate of qRT-PCR must be the same between all the different experimental groups, including the water-treated control group, suggesting that whatever the duration and the percentage of the DSS treatment, RNAs must be purified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Viennois
- Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA.
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242
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LI LI, REN FAZHENG, YUN ZHANYOU, AN YING, WANG CAIYUN, YAN XUDONG. Determination of the effects of lactoferrin in a preclinical mouse model of experimental colitis. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1125-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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243
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Dashdorj A, Jyothi KR, Lim S, Jo A, Nguyen MN, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kim HJ, Park JH, Murphy MP, Kim SS. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates experimental mouse colitis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines. BMC Med 2013. [PMID: 23915129 DOI: 10.1186/17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted derivative of the antioxidant ubiquinone, with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic functions. Reactive oxygen species are involved in many inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of MitoQ in a mouse model of experimental colitis and investigated the possible mechanisms underlying its effects on intestinal inflammation. METHODS Reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial function were measured in blood mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The effects of MitoQ were evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Clinical and pathological markers of disease severity and oxidative injury, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in mouse colonic tissue were measured. The effect of MitoQ on inflammatory cytokines released in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1 was also analyzed. RESULTS Cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels in mononuclear cells were significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (P <0.003, cellular reactive oxygen species; P <0.001, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species). MitoQ significantly ameliorated colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model in vivo, reduced the increased oxidative stress response (malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine formation), and suppressed mitochondrial and histopathological injury by decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18 (P <0.001 and P <0.01 respectively). By decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, MitoQ also suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome that was responsible for maturation of IL-1 beta and IL-18. In vitro studies demonstrated that MitoQ decreases IL-1 beta and IL-18 production in human THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that MitoQ may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute phases of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjargal Dashdorj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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244
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Dashdorj A, Jyothi KR, Lim S, Jo A, Nguyen MN, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kim HJ, Park JH, Murphy MP, Kim SS. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates experimental mouse colitis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines. BMC Med 2013; 11:178. [PMID: 23915129 PMCID: PMC3750576 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted derivative of the antioxidant ubiquinone, with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic functions. Reactive oxygen species are involved in many inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of MitoQ in a mouse model of experimental colitis and investigated the possible mechanisms underlying its effects on intestinal inflammation. METHODS Reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial function were measured in blood mononuclear cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The effects of MitoQ were evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Clinical and pathological markers of disease severity and oxidative injury, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in mouse colonic tissue were measured. The effect of MitoQ on inflammatory cytokines released in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1 was also analyzed. RESULTS Cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels in mononuclear cells were significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (P <0.003, cellular reactive oxygen species; P <0.001, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species). MitoQ significantly ameliorated colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model in vivo, reduced the increased oxidative stress response (malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine formation), and suppressed mitochondrial and histopathological injury by decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18 (P <0.001 and P <0.01 respectively). By decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, MitoQ also suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome that was responsible for maturation of IL-1 beta and IL-18. In vitro studies demonstrated that MitoQ decreases IL-1 beta and IL-18 production in human THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that MitoQ may have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute phases of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjargal Dashdorj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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245
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Morgan ME, Zheng B, Koelink PJ, van de Kant HJG, Haazen LCJM, van Roest M, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD. New perspective on dextran sodium sulfate colitis: antigen-specific T cell development during intestinal inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69936. [PMID: 23936123 PMCID: PMC3723715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell responses against oral antigens can develop in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, which may modulate disease. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis is commonly used to study IBD, however, it is not considered the best model in which to study T cell involvement in intestinal disease. Our aim was to determine if antigen-specific T cells could be induced during DSS colitis and if they could be detected after disease resolution. To induce antigen-specific T cells, the tracking antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), was administered orally during colitis initiation. Disease severity was monitored, and the antigen-reactivity of CD4+ T cells examined using CD69 expression. While OVA-directed, CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells could be detected in the spleens of both OVA-treated control and DSS mice, OVA-reactive, CD4+ Foxp3-T cells were only found in the OVA and DSS-treated mice. These results indicate that during DSS colitis T cells develop that are specific against oral antigens, and they are found systemically after colitis resolution. This gives added depth and utility to the DSS model as well as a way to track T cells that are primed against luminal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Morgan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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246
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Dothel G, Vasina V, Barbara G, De Ponti F. Animal models of chemically induced intestinal inflammation: Predictivity and ethical issues. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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247
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Wang P, Lu YQ, Wen Y, Yu DY, Ge L, Dong WR, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. IL-16 induces intestinal inflammation via PepT1 upregulation in a pufferfish model: new insights into the molecular mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1413-27. [PMID: 23817423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been a worldwide health care problem with a persistently increasing incidence. Although its clinical features have been well described, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. IL-16 is a chemoattractant cytokine with various effects on cellular activities and diseases. However, the involvement of IL-16 in IBD remains poorly understood. In this study, to our knowledge we report for the first time the mechanism by which IL-16 induces intestinal inflammation by upregulating the expression of oligopeptide transporter member 1 (PepT1) in a Tetraodon nigroviridis fish model. The dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model in this species revealed that IL-16 levels significantly increase accompanied by elevations in PepT1 in the colon. Moreover, the signs of colitis were dramatically attenuated by IL-16 depletion using anti-IL-16 Abs. In vivo IL-16 administration induced remarkable intestinal inflammation with typical ulcerative colitis-like features, including histologic damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, increased myeloperoxidase activity, and proinflammatory cytokines expression, which corresponded with significant PepT1 upregulation in the colon. The IL-16-induced PepT1 expression and its upregulated fMLF transport were also demonstrated in vitro. To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence of the connection between IL-16 and PepT1, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying IBD development. Additionally, this study suggests that fish species are an attractive model for studying IBD. By providing a better understanding of IL-16 biology from fish to mammals, this study should aid the development of IL-16-based therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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248
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Chen B, She S, Li D, Liu Z, Yang X, Zeng Z, Liu F. Role of miR-19a targeting TNF-α in mediating ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:815-24. [PMID: 23795660 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.800991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a widely studied inflammatory disease associated with differential expression of genes involved in immune function, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs have been reported to play a role in various cancer types. However, the mechanism of how microRNAs regulate UC remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-19a and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human colon tissues with UC and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. RESULTS We identified that the expression of miR-19a was significantly reduced and TNF-α was remarkably increased in human colon tissue with UC. Moreover, this observation of miR-19a and TNF-α was also occurred in DSS-treated mice colitis. Further, we observed that miR-19a directly regulated TNF-α expression because miR-19a can suppress the expression of wild-type TNF-α reporter, but not the mutant form. The expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-8, and GM-GSF were significantly elevated upon application of miR-19a inhibitor. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study determines the levels of miR-19a and TNF-α in both DSS-induced experimental murine colitis and human UC and further demonstrates that miR-19a might directly regulate TNF-α. The findings may provide a new insight in the clinical treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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249
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Jain U, Woodruff TM, Stadnyk AW. The C5a receptor antagonist PMX205 ameliorates experimentally induced colitis associated with increased IL-4 and IL-10. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:488-501. [PMID: 22924972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-complement therapies have not been advanced for treating the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) despite a growing body of evidence that blocking C5a protects against induced colitis in rodents. The purpose of this study was to further build on this evidence by examining the efficacy, mechanism and specificity of a potent, non-competitive and orally active C5a receptor (CD88) antagonist, PMX205, in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of murine innate colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice with DSS added to their drinking water were orally administered 100 or 200 μg day(-1) PMX205 in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. Clinical illness, colon histology and local generation of inflammatory mediators were measured to evaluate the impact of PMX205 on disease. KEY RESULTS PMX205 significantly prevented DSS-induced colon inflammation in both regimens, associated with lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production and nitrotyrosine staining in colon sections. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. PMX205 had no significant effect on C5a levels. The beneficial effect of PMX205 was seen in two strains of mice of differing sensitivities to DSS inflammation, but was inactive in mice lacking CD88. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacological inhibition of C5a activity by PMX205 is efficacious in preventing DSS-induced colitis, providing further evidence that targeting CD88 in IBD patients could be a valuable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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250
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Vandenbroucke RE, Dejonckheere E, Van Hauwermeiren F, Lodens S, De Rycke R, Van Wonterghem E, Staes A, Gevaert K, López-Otin C, Libert C. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 modulates intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in inflammatory diseases by activating TNF. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1000-16. [PMID: 23723167 PMCID: PMC3721470 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathological processes, such as sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with impairment of intestinal epithelial barrier. Here, we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase MMP13 in these diseases. We observed that MMP13−/− mice display a strong protection in LPS- and caecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. We could attribute this protection to reduced LPS-induced goblet cell depletion, endoplasmic reticulum stress, permeability and tight junction destabilization in the gut of MMP13−/− mice compared to MMP13+/+ mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, we found that MMP13 is able to cleave pro-TNF into bioactive TNF. By LC-MS/MS, we identified three MMP13 cleavage sites, which proves that MMP13 is an alternative TNF sheddase next to the TNF converting enzyme TACE. Similarly, we found that the same mechanism was responsible for the observed protection of the MMP13−/− mice in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. We identified MMP13 as an important mediator in sepsis and IBD via the shedding of TNF. Hence, we propose MMP13 as a novel drug target for diseases in which damage to the gut is essential.
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