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The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation: Translation to Druggable Target and Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168463. [PMID: 34445167 PMCID: PMC8395135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent and progressive cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with serious complications such as heart failure and ischemic stroke. Current treatment modalities attenuate AF symptoms and are only moderately effective in halting the arrhythmia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to dissect molecular mechanisms that drive AF. As AF is characterized by a rapid atrial activation rate, which requires a high energy metabolism, a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AF pathophysiology is plausible. It is well known that mitochondria play a central role in cardiomyocyte function, as they produce energy to support the mechanical and electrical function of the heart. Details on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction are increasingly being uncovered as a contributing factor in the loss of cardiomyocyte function and AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondrial impairment in AF may guide the path towards new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. In this review, the latest evidence on the role of mitochondria dysfunction in AF is presented. We highlight the key modulators of mitochondrial dysfunction that drive AF and discuss whether they represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostics in clinical AF.
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Novozhilova M, Mishchenko T, Kondakova E, Lavrova T, Gavrish M, Aferova S, Franceschi C, Vedunova M. Features of age-related response to sleep deprivation: in vivo experimental studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19108-19126. [PMID: 34320466 PMCID: PMC8386558 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia is currently considered one of the potential triggers of accelerated aging. The frequency of registered sleep-wake cycle complaints increases with age and correlates with the quality of life of elderly people. Nevertheless, whether insomnia is actually an age-associated process or whether it acts as an independent stress-factor that activates pathological processes, remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed the effects of long-term sleep deprivation modeling on the locomotor and orienting-exploratory activity, spatial learning abilities and working memory of C57BL/6 female mice of different ages. We also evaluated the modeled stress influence on morphological changes in brain tissue, the functional activity of the mitochondrial apparatus of nerve cells, and the level of DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of the transcription factor HIF-1α (Hif1) and age-associated molecular marker PLIN2. Our findings point to the age-related adaptive capacity of female mice to the long-term sleep deprivation influence. For young (1.5 months) mice, the modeled sleep deprivation acts as a stress factor leading to weight loss against the background of increased food intake, the activation of animals' locomotor and exploratory activity, their mnestic functions, and molecular and cellular adaptive processes ensuring animal resistance both to stress and risk of accelerated aging development. Sleep deprivation in adult (7-9 months) mice is accompanied by an increase in body weight against the background of active food intake, increased locomotor and exploratory activity, gross disturbances in mnestic functions, and decreased adaptive capacity of brain cells, that potentially increasing the risk of pathological reactions and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novozhilova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Tatiana Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Elena Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lavrova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Maria Gavrish
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Svetlana Aferova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Maria Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
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203
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Huang Y, Zhong Z, Liu F. The Association of Coagulation Indicators and Coagulant Agents With 30-Day Mortality of Critical Diabetics. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211026385. [PMID: 34291673 PMCID: PMC8312190 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211026385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, regarded as a global health concerned disease, was focused by the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with diabetes may have a hypercoagulable and hypo-fibrinolysis state. There is lots of research about cardiovascular effects on diabetes patients, but less about the coagulation system. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between coagulation indicators and 30-day mortality of critical diabetes patients. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included adult patients diagnosed with diabetes. Data, including demographic, complication, laboratory tests, scoring system, and anticoagulant treatment, were extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier curve were applied to predict the association of mortality and coagulation indicators. Cox hazard regression model and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality. A total of 4026 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in our study, of whom 3312 survived after admitted to the hospital and 714 died. Cox hazard regression showed anticoagulant therapy might decrease the risk of 30-day mortality after adjusted. In age <70 subgroup analysis, we found that patients with PTT <26.8 s or lightly increased PT may increase odds of 30-day hospital death (HR, 95%CI, 2.044 (1.376, 3.034), 1.562 (1.042, 2.343)). When age >70, lightly increased PTT may reduce the risk of mortality, but PT >16.3 s, a high level of hypo-coagulation state, increase risk of mortality (HR, 95%CI, 0.756 (0.574, 0.996), 1.756 (1.129, 2.729)). Critical diabetes patients may benefit from anticoagulant agents. The abnormal coagulant function is related to the risk of 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Zhong
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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204
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Kocsis Á, Pasztorek M, Rossmanith E, Djinovic Z, Mayr T, Spitz S, Zirath H, Ertl P, Fischer MB. Dependence of mitochondrial function on the filamentous actin cytoskeleton in cultured mesenchymal stem cells treated with cytochalasin B. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:310-320. [PMID: 34175199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold enormous potential in regenerative medicine. A prerequisite for a successful MSC therapy is the rigorous investigation of their function after in vitro cultivation. Damages introduced to mitochondria during cultivation adversely affect MSCs function and can determine their fate. While it has been shown that microtubules and vimentin intermediate filaments are important for mitochondrial dynamics and active mitochondrial transport within the cytoplasm of MSCs, the role of filamentous actin in this process has not been fully understood yet. To gain a deeper understanding of the interdependence between mitochondrial function and the cytoskeleton, we applied cytochalasin B to disturb the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton of MSCs. In this study we combined conventional functional assays with a state-of-the-art oxygen sensor-integrated microfluidic device to investigate mitochondrial function. We demonstrated that cytochalasin B treatment at a dose of 16 μM led to a decrease in cell viability with high mitochondrial membrane potential, increased oxygen consumption rate, disturbed fusion and fission balance, nuclear extrusion and perinuclear accumulation of mitochondria. Treatment of MSCs for 48 h ultimately led to nuclear fragmentation, and activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, we could show that mitochondrial function of MSCs can efficiently recover from the damage to the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton over a period of 24 h. As a result of our study, a causative connection between the filamentous actin-based cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kocsis
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Eva Rossmanith
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Zoran Djinovic
- ACMIT Gmbh (Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology), Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2/1, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9 / II + III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Helene Zirath
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department for Biomedical Research, Center of Experimental Medicine, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria; Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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Abstract
SUMMARY Exposure to air pollutants has been now associated with detrimental effects on a variety of organs, including the heart, lungs, GI tract, and brain. However, recently it has become clear that pollutant exposure can also promote the development/exacerbation of a variety of skin conditions, including premature aging, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure results in these cutaneous pathological manifestations, it has been noticed that an inflammatory status is a common denominator of all those skin conditions. For this reason, recently, the activation of a cytosolic multiprotein complex involved in inflammatory responses (the inflammasome) that could promote the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 has been hypothesized to play a key role in pollution-induced skin damage. In this review, we summarize and propose the cutaneous inflammasome as a novel target of pollutant exposure and the eventual usage of inflammasome inhibitor as new technologies to counteract pollution-induced skin damage. Possibly, the ability to inhibit the inflammasome activation could prevent cutaneous inflammaging and ameliorate the health and appearance of the skin.
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206
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Dilberger B, Weppler S, Eckert GP. Phenolic acid metabolites of polyphenols act as inductors for hormesis in C. elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111518. [PMID: 34139214 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging represents a major risk factors for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, or neurodegeneration. Polyphenols and their metabolites, especially simple phenolic acids, gained growing attention as a preventive strategy against age-related, non-communicable diseases, due to their hormetic potential. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) we investigate the effect of protocatechuic, gallic, and vanillic acid on mitochondrial function, health parameters, and the induction of potential hormetic pathways. METHODS Lifespan, heat-stress resistance and chemotaxis of C. elegans strain P X 627, a specific model for aging, were assessed in 2-day and 10-day old nematodes. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP generation were measured. mRNA expression levels of longevity and energy metabolism-related genes were determined using qRT-PCR. RESULTS All phenolic acids were able to significantly increase the nematodes lifespan, heat-stress resistance and chemotaxis at micromolar concentrations. While ΔΨm was only affected by age, vanillic acid (VA) significantly decreased ATP concentrations in aged nematodes. Longevity pathways, were activated by all phenolic acids, while VA also induced glycolytic activity and response to cold. CONCLUSION While life- and health span parameters are positively affected by the investigated phenolic acids, the concentrations applied were unable to affect mitochondrial performance. Therefore we suggest a hormetic mode of action, especially by activation of the sirtuin-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dilberger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Selina Weppler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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207
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Mitochondrial Caseinolytic Protease P: A Possible Novel Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126228. [PMID: 34207660 PMCID: PMC8228031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is a mitochondrial serine protease. In mammalian cells, the heterodimerization of ClpP and its AAA+ ClpX chaperone results in a complex called ClpXP, which has a relevant role in protein homeostasis and in maintaining mitochondrial functionality through the degradation of mitochondrial misfolded or damaged proteins. Recent studies demonstrate that ClpP is upregulated in primary and metastatic human tumors, supports tumor cell proliferation, and its overexpression desensitizes cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, small modulators of ClpP activity, both activators and inhibitors, are able to impair oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. This review provides an overview of the role of ClpP in regulating mitochondrial functionality, in supporting tumor cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance; finally, we discuss whether this protease could represent a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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208
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Gao S, Guo K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jing R, Wang L, Li X, Hu Z, Xu N, Li X. Keratinocyte Growth Factor 2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Skin Damage via Activating the AhR/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655281. [PMID: 34163354 PMCID: PMC8215442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) can cause skin damage through oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to reduce the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UVB exposure, a role that is crucial for the efficient photoprotection of skin. The present study evaluated the photoprotective effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced skin damage and explored its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced damage ex vivo, a human epidermal full-thickness skin equivalent was pretreated without or with KGF-2 and then exposed to UVB and the levels of histopathological changes, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were then evaluated. The ability of KGF-2 to protect the cells against UVB-inflicted damage and its effect on ROS production, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction were determined in HaCaT cells. Results: Pretreatment of the epidermis with KGF-2 ameliorated the extent of photodamage. At the cellular level, KGF-2 could attenuate ROS production, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by UVB exposure. KGF-2 could also activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to trigger the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggested that KGF-2 could ameliorate UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulating AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lusheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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209
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Di Gregorio E, Miolo G, Saorin A, Steffan A, Corona G. From Metabolism to Genetics and Vice Versa: The Rising Role of Oncometabolites in Cancer Development and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5574. [PMID: 34070384 PMCID: PMC8197491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the study of cancer metabolism has returned to the forefront of cancer research and challenged the role of genetics in the understanding of cancer development. One of the major impulses of this new trend came from the discovery of oncometabolites, metabolic intermediates whose abnormal cellular accumulation triggers oncogenic signalling and tumorigenesis. These findings have led to reconsideration and support for the long-forgotten hypothesis of Warburg of altered metabolism as oncogenic driver of cancer and started a novel paradigm whereby mitochondrial metabolites play a pivotal role in malignant transformation. In this review, we describe the evolution of the cancer metabolism research from a historical perspective up to the oncometabolites discovery that spawned the new vision of cancer as a metabolic disease. The oncometabolites' mechanisms of cellular transformation and their contribution to the development of new targeted cancer therapies together with their drawbacks are further reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Gregorio
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Asia Saorin
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.D.G.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
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210
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Lu PS, Xie LP, Kong XH, Xu Y, Sun SC. Podophyllotoxin Exposure Affects Organelle Distribution and Functions in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672590. [PMID: 34095142 PMCID: PMC8170041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (POD) is one of the most characterized lignans that is commonly found in podophyllum, and its preparations and derivatives are widely used in clinical treatment due to strong antitumor and antivirus activities. POD has been reported for its neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, and potential reproductive toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of POD on the organelles of mouse oocytes during meiosis. Our results showed that exposure to POD significantly reduced the developmental competence of mouse oocytes. Further analysis revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) failed to accumulate to the spindle periphery, suggesting that POD exposure might affect protein synthesis during oocyte meiotic maturation. Similarly, abnormal Golgi apparatus distribution was found after POD exposure, which could be confirmed by the aberrant localization of Rab11a-related vesicles, indicating that POD induced vesicle-based protein transport disorder. We also found the aberrant accumulation of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of POD-exposed oocytes, which implied that POD might lead to aberrant protein degradation. Moreover, the perinuclear distribution of mitochondria was also significantly disturbed, indicating the mitochondrial dysfunction after POD exposure. In all, our study illustrated that exposure to POD might disrupt protein synthesis, transport, degradation, and ATP production by its effects on the distribution and functions of organelles during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Shuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Han Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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211
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Gold Nanoparticles Prepared with Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Extract and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Can Induce Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Impairment with Inhibition of Autophagy in the Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line AGS. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051260. [PMID: 34064899 PMCID: PMC8150816 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanotechnology is being widely applied for anticancer strategies with few side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from natural extracts are promising candidates for cancer treatment because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. This study aimed to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PEFE) using Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) and to evaluate their anticancer activity against the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS). (2) Methods: The safety of microbial biosynthesis AuNPs (PEFE-AuNPs) was assessed by evaluating the cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs was investigated in AGS cells in terms of apoptosis and autophagy. (3) Results: PEFE-AuNPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against AGS cells but not against normal cells. The apoptosis induced by PEFE-AuNPs in AGS cells was associated with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin mediated reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of intracellular signaling apoptosis pathways. The anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs was associated with induction of apoptosis through inhibition of autophagy, downregulation of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expression, and upregulation of p62 expression in AGS cells. (4) Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs against AGS cells. Our results provide a good starting point for the development of new anticancer products based on gold nanoparticles of P. emblica fruit extract.
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Candidate proteomic biomarkers in systemic sclerosis discovered using mass-spectrometry: an update of a systematic review (2014-2020). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 59:101-111. [PMID: 33565304 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Systemic sclerosis (Ssc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by graduate cutaneous and tissue fibrosis development and irreversible fibroproliferative vascular changes.The aim of the current systematic review was to update the list of proteomic candidate biomarkers identified from Ssc samples with mass spectrometry techniques.Methods. Medline and Scopus databases were searched on 1st September 2020. Relevant articles were searched from March 2014 until September 2020. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved articles.Results. From a total of 97 articles, 9 articles were included in the final analysis summarizing 539 candidate proteomic biomarkers from various samples from Ssc patients (a larger number compared to the previous systematic review). Most biomarkers were identified from cutaneous biopsies. Only 5 articles included a validation step of the findings with only 13 biomarkers being validated.Conclusions. Although many candidate biomarkers were additionally identified, independent validation studies are needed in order to evaluate the importance of these biomarkers for Ssc patients.
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213
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Liu S, Hu J, Shi C, Sun L, Yan W, Song Y. Sparstolonin B exerts beneficial effects on prostate cancer by acting on the reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5511-5524. [PMID: 33951324 PMCID: PMC8184693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health concern in males worldwide, owing to its high incidence. Sparstolonin B (SsnB), a component of the Chinese herbal medicine Sparganium stoloniferum, is used to treat many diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of SsnB in prostate cancer have not yet been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of SsnB on cellular processes and tumour growth. In particular, we verified that SsnB could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis by activating G2/M phase arrest in vitro based on a series of cytological experiments. In vivo, we found that SsnB could inhibit tumour growth in nude mouse xenograft models. We further confirmed that SsnB could repress the PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress. Collectively, SsnB inhibits tumour growth and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer via the suppression of the ROS‐mediated PI3K/AKT pathway and may be a new alternative to adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changlong Shi
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Yan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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214
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Liang X, Wang P, Yang C, Huang F, Wu H, Shi H, Wu X. Galangin Inhibits Gastric Cancer Growth Through Enhancing STAT3 Mediated ROS Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646628. [PMID: 33981228 PMCID: PMC8109028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin, a flavonoid isolated from the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum (Hance), exerts anticancer activities against many cancer cells such as liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and esophageal cancer. However, the effect, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism of galangin on gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, galangin inhibited cell viability of MGC 803 cells but not normal gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells. It suppressed cell proliferation accompanied by reduced Ki67 and PCNA expression, promoted apoptosis shown by decreased Bcl-2 and elevated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. And, galangin significantly inactivated JAK2/STAT3 pathway. When STAT3 was overexpressed, the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion induced by galangin were abrogated. Meanwhile, galangin increased ROS accumulation, and reduced Nrf2 and NQO-1, but elevated HO-1 in MGC 803 cells. NAC, a ROS scavenger, rescued ROS over-accumulation and proliferation inhibition of galangin. STAT3 overexpression also counteracted excessive ROS accumulation induced by galangin. Consistent with the in vitro experiments, in nude mice exnografted with MGC 803 cells, galangin inhibited tumor growth and reversed the abnormally expressed proteins, such as p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Ki67. Taken together, galangin was suggested to inhibit the growth of MGC 803 cells through inducing apoptosis and decreasing cell proliferation, which might be mediated by modulating STAT3/ROS axis. Our findings implicate a potential application of galangin for gastric cancer therapy possibly with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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215
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Parcheta M, Świsłocka R, Orzechowska S, Akimowicz M, Choińska R, Lewandowski W. Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1984. [PMID: 33921014 PMCID: PMC8071393 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the last few years, the growing interest in the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants as functional food ingredients and dietary supplements, is observed. The imbalance between the number of antioxidants and free radicals is the cause of oxidative damages of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of the study was the review of recent developments in antioxidants. One of the crucial issues in food technology, medicine, and biotechnology is the excess free radicals reduction to obtain healthy food. The major problem is receiving more effective antioxidants. The study aimed to analyze the properties of efficient antioxidants and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of antioxidant processes. Our researches and sparing literature data prove that the ligand antioxidant properties complexed by selected metals may significantly affect the free radical neutralization. According to our preliminary observation, this efficiency is improved mainly by the metals of high ion potential, e.g., Fe(III), Cr(III), Ln(III), Y(III). The complexes of delocalized electronic charge are better antioxidants. Experimental literature results of antioxidant assays, such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power assay (FRAP), were compared to thermodynamic parameters obtained with computational methods. The mechanisms of free radicals creation were described based on the experimental literature data. Changes in HOMO energy distribution in phenolic acids with an increasing number of hydroxyl groups were observed. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl group position and the catechol moiety. The number of methoxy groups in the phenolic acid molecules influences antioxidant activity. The use of synchrotron techniques in the antioxidants electronic structure analysis was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Parcheta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Renata Świsłocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (W.L.)
| | - Sylwia Orzechowska
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Krakow, Poland;
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Akimowicz
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology–State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Renata Choińska
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology–State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (M.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Włodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (W.L.)
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216
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Zhou Y, Lan H, Dong Z, Cao W, Zeng Z, Song JL. Dietary proanthocyanidins alleviated ovarian fibrosis in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13723. [PMID: 33818798 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of proanthocyanidins (PCs) on ovarian fibrosis in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. The administration of PCs effectively reduced the body weight (BW) and relative ovarian weight in PCOS rats. ELISA results revealed that PCs significantly reduced the level of serum T, LH, LH/FSH in the PCOS group. In addition, qRT-PCR results revealed that treatment with PCs significantly increased the main antioxidant enzymes (Cat, Sod2, Gpx3, Mgst1, Gsta4, Sod1 and Prdx3) in PCOS rats. Also, the expression analysis of proteins by Western blotting revealed that PCs significantly decreased the level of TGF-βR1, p-Smad3, p-Smad2 and Smad4 and reversed the downregulation of Smad7 in PCOS rats. The study suggested that PCs improved ovarian fibrosis in PCOS rats by regulating the serum hormone level, inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing the activation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently, plant extracts are being widely used to treat female reproductive and metabolic disorders. Particularly, proanthocyanidins (PCs), the well-known natural polyphenolic compounds, which are a significant source of antioxidants present in many colored fruits, are consumed as fruits as well as a dietary supplement to prevent many disorders. Recent pharmacological studies have reported that PCs have many health beneficial properties, such as antioxidant activity, improving cholesterol homeostasis, blood lipid regulatory properties, microcirculation improvement effect, antitumor activity and anti-aging activity. Despite these properties of PCs, the antifibrosis effect of PCs has not been studied to date. The main purpose of this study was to research the role and the mechanisms of PCs in ovarian fibrosis in PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyuan Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry & Drug Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry & Drug Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhewen Dong
- Department of Analytical Chemistry & Drug Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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217
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Meccariello R, D’Angelo S. Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:507. [PMID: 33805092 PMCID: PMC8064059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy;
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218
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Zhan X, Li J, Zhou T. Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response Signaling Pathways as New Therapeutic Strategy for Pituitary Adenomas. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:565748. [PMID: 33841137 PMCID: PMC8024532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.565748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are the common pathophysiological characteristics in pituitary adenomas (PAs), which have been confirmed with many omics studies in PA tissues and cell/animal experimental studies. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the core of oxidative stress response, is an oxidative stress sensor. Nrf2 is synthesized and regulated by multiple factors, including Keap1, ERK1/2, ERK5, JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, PKC, PI3K/AKT, and ER stress, in the cytoplasm. Under the oxidative stress status, Nrf2 quickly translocates from cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to antioxidant response element /electrophile responsive element to initiate the expressions of antioxidant genes, phases I and II metabolizing enzymes, phase III detoxifying genes, chaperone/stress response genes, and ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation proteins. Many Nrf2 or Keap1 inhibitors have been reported as potential anticancer agents for different cancers. However, Nrf2 inhibitors have not been studied as potential anticancer agents for PAs. We recommend the emphasis on in-depth studies of Nrf2 signaling and potential therapeutic agents targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways as new therapeutic strategies for PAs. Also, the use of Nrf2 inhibitors targeting Nrf2 signaling in combination with ERK inhibitors plus p38 activators or JNK activators targeting MAPK signaling pathways, or drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction pathway might produce better anti-tumor effects on PAs. This perspective article reviews the advances in oxidative stress and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response signaling pathways in pituitary tumorigenesis, and the potential of targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways as a new therapeutic strategy for PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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219
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Rahman S, Mathew S, Nair P, Ramadan WS, Vazhappilly CG. Health benefits of cyanidin-3-glucoside as a potent modulator of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:907-923. [PMID: 33740221 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Berries are natural sources of anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and exhibit significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects against various oxidative stress-induced disorders. C3G and its metabolites possess higher absorption and bioavailability, and interaction with gut microbiota may enhance their health benefits. Various in vitro studies have shown the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mitigating potential of C3G. However, in in vivo models, C3G exerts its cytoprotective properties by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) pathway. Despite existing reports stating various health benefits of C3G, its antioxidant potential by modulating the Nrf2 pathway remains less identified. This review discusses the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response of C3G in modulating oxidative stress against DNA damage, apoptosis, carcinogen toxicity, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we have reviewed the recent clinical trial data to establish cross talk between a berry-rich diet and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rahman
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Shimy Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, 10021, UAE
| | - Pooja Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, 10021, UAE
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, 10021, UAE.
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220
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From Mitochondria to Atherosclerosis: The Inflammation Path. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030258. [PMID: 33807807 PMCID: PMC8000234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall where unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombosis may compromise the arterial lumen, leading to acute or chronic ischemic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in atherosclerosis while keeping inflammation as a link. Mitochondria are the main source of cellular energy. Under stress, mitochondria are also capable of controlling inflammation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), into the cytoplasm or into the extracellular matrix, where they act as danger signals when recognized by innate immune receptors. Primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunctions are associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by elevating the production of ROS, altering mitochondrial dynamics and energy supply, as well as promoting inflammation. Knowing and understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial-based inflammation in atheroma progression is essential to discovering alternative or complementary treatments.
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221
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Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with small molecules in intervertebral disc aging and degeneration. GeroScience 2021; 43:517-537. [PMID: 33634362 PMCID: PMC8110620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) including osteoarthritis (OA) and low back pain (LBP) in aging societies present significant cost burdens to health and social care systems. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is characterized by disc dehydration, anatomical alterations, and extensive changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, is an important contributor to LBP. IVD cell homeostasis can be disrupted by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the main source of energy supply in IVD cells and a major contributor to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, mitochondria represent a double-edged sword in IVD cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in oxidative stress, cell death, and premature cell senescence, which are all implicated in IVD degeneration. Considering the importance of optimal mitochondrial function for the preservation of IVD cell homeostasis, extensive studies have been done in recent years to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, aiming to highlight the role of small molecules and a selected number of biological growth factors that regulate mitochondrial function and maintain IVD cell homeostasis. Furthermore, molecules that target mitochondria and their mechanisms of action and potential for IVD regeneration are identified. Finally, we discuss mitophagy as a key mediator of many cellular events and the small molecules regulating its function.
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222
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Xu Z, Zeng X, Li M, Liao J, Chen Q. MicroRNA-383 promotes reactive oxygen species-induced autophagy via downregulating peroxiredoxin 3 in human glioma U87 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 33747176 PMCID: PMC7967820 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) is an abundant and effective enzyme, which aids in the removal of H2O2 in the mitochondria, thereby inhibiting cell autophagy. PRDX3 is a target protein of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-383, the overexpression of which has been found to inhibit the growth of glioma cells. We hypothesized that miR-383 serves an antitumor role by inhibiting oxidative stress during tumor growth. In the current study, human glioma U87 cells were transfected with pre-/short hairpin (sh)-PRDX3 vectors and miR-383 mimics/inhibitors. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected using flow cytometry. Autophagy was examined using acridine orange staining, and the expression of cytoplasmic autophagy-related proteins [autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9), Ras-related protein Rab-1A (Rab1) and p62] was determined using western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-383 and PRDX3 was assessed using a dual-luciferase assay. The results indicated that both sh-PRDX3 and miR-383 mimics promoted apoptosis and increased the level of mitochondrial ROS, whilst acridine orange staining revealed that sh-PRDX3 promoted autophagy in U87 cells compared with that in the control cells. The detection of autophagic proteins indicated that sh-PRDX3 and miR-383 mimics increased the protein expression level of ATG9 and RAB1, and inhibited that of p62. On the contrary, the effect of miR-383 mimics was opposite to that of pre-PRDX3 in U87 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot assays revealed that miR-383 was negatively associated with PRDX3 in U87 cells. miR-383 was indicated to interact with PRDX3, as demonstrated using a dual-luciferase assay. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that miR-383 induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS production by downregulating PRDX3 in U87 cells, thereby promoting oxidative stress-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xingruo Zeng
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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223
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Zhou C, Wang G, Jing W, Tan X, Guo H. Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Singly-Protonated Dehydronorcantharidin Silver Coordination Polymer in a Bladder Cancer Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618668. [PMID: 33708128 PMCID: PMC7940527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignant urinary system tumor. Chemotherapy is frequently used as a treatment regimen for patients with bladder cancer, however, new and effective drugs for bladder cancer need to be developed. The present study examined the effects and mechanisms of Ag-SP-DNC, a silver and singly-protonated dehydronorcantharidin complex, on bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. It was identified that Ag-SP-DNC suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells in vitro, a suppression associated with G0/G1 phase arrest and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, Ag-SP-DNC enhanced the cleaved caspase-3 levels, disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential balance, and induced intracellular calcium overload. The Ag-SP-DNC-induced bladder cancer cell apoptosis was significantly decreased following treatment with a broad caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. In addition, treatment of MB49 tumor-bearing mice with Ag-SP-DNC significantly inhibited tumor growth and decreased the anti-apoptosis and cell cycle promotion protein levels in the tumor. The results of the present study suggested that Ag-SP-DNC elicits a strong anticancer effect against bladder cancer, and can therefore be used as a promising treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkuo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ganyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejie Tan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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224
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Kirana AN, Prafiantini E, Hardiany NS. Protein intake and loss of proteostasis in the eldery. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a process of declining bodily function and a major risk factor of chronic diseases. The declining bodily function in ageing can cause loss of proteostasis (protein homeostasis), which is a balance between protein synthesis, folding, modification and degradation. For the elderly, adequate protein intake is necessary to prevent sarcopenia, frailty, fracture and osteoporosis as well as reduced resistance to infection. However, increasing the protein intake can enhance the risk of oxidized protein formation, loss of proteostasis and degenerative disorder occurrence. On the other hand, several studies show that protein restriction would increase longevity. The aim of this review was to explain the importance of determining the right amount and composition of protein intake for the elderly. Oxidative stress and molecular mechanism of proteostasis loss in ageing cells as well as its suppression pathway by protein restriction are discussed in this review. Keywords: ageing, dietary proteins, mTOR, oxidative stress, proteostasis loss
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225
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Antioxidant-Based Therapies in Male Infertility: Do We Have Sufficient Evidence Supporting Their Effectiveness? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020220. [PMID: 33540782 PMCID: PMC7912982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in various processes of human spermatozoa. Indeed, semen requires the intervention of ROS to accomplish different stages of its maturation. However, ROS overproduction is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in the semen of infertile males, potentially causing permanent oxidative damages to a vast number of biological molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids of biological membrane lipids), negatively affecting the functionality and vitality of spermatozoa. ROS overproduction may concomitantly occur to the excess generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), leading to oxidative/nitrosative stress and frequently encountered in various human pathologies. Under different conditions of male infertility, very frequently accompanied by morpho-functional anomalies in the sperm analysis, several studies have provided evidence for clear biochemical signs of damages to biomolecules caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress. In the last decades, various studies aimed to verify whether antioxidant-based therapies may be beneficial to treat male infertility have been carried out. This review analyzed the results of the studies published during the last ten years on the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to treat male infertility in order to establish whether there is a sufficient number of data to justify antioxidant administration to infertile males. An analysis of the literature showed that only 30 clinical studies tested the effects of the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (administered as a single antioxidant or as a combination of different antioxidants with the addition of vitamins and/or micronutrients) to infertile males. Of these studies, only 33.3% included pregnancy and/or live birth rates as an outcome measure to determine the effects of the therapy. Of these studies, only 4 were case–control studies, and only 2 of them found improvement of the pregnancy rate in the group of antioxidant-treated patients. Additionally, of the 30 studies considered in this review, only 43.3% were case–control studies, 66.7% enrolled a number of patients higher than 40, and 40% carried out the administration of a single antioxidant. Therefore, it appears that further studies are needed to clearly define the usefulness of antioxidant-based therapies to treat male infertility.
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Arnold JW, Roach J, Fabela S, Moorfield E, Ding S, Blue E, Dagher S, Magness S, Tamayo R, Bruno-Barcena JM, Azcarate-Peril MA. The pleiotropic effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides on the aging gut. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 33509277 PMCID: PMC7845053 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have an extensively demonstrated beneficial impact on intestinal health. In this study, we determined the impact of GOS diets on hallmarks of gut aging: microbiome dysbiosis, inflammation, and intestinal barrier defects ("leaky gut"). We also evaluated if short-term GOS feeding influenced how the aging gut responded to antibiotic challenges in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection. Finally, we assessed if colonic organoids could reproduce the GOS responder-non-responder phenotypes observed in vivo. RESULTS Old animals had a distinct microbiome characterized by increased ratios of non-saccharolytic versus saccharolytic bacteria and, correspondingly, a lower abundance of β-galactosidases compared to young animals. GOS reduced the overall diversity, increased the abundance of specific saccharolytic bacteria (species of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus), increased the abundance of β-galactosidases in young and old animals, and increased the non-saccharolytic organisms; however, a robust, homogeneous bifidogenic effect was not observed. GOS reduced age-associated increased intestinal permeability and increased MUC2 expression and mucus thickness in old mice. Clyndamicin reduced the abundance Bifidobacterium while increasing Akkermansia, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Bacillus, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus in old mice. The antibiotics were more impactful than GOS on modulating serum markers of inflammation. Higher serum levels of IL-17 and IL-6 were observed in control and GOS diets in the antibiotic groups, and within those groups, levels of IL-6 were higher in the GOS groups, regardless of age, and higher in the old compared to young animals in the control diet groups. RTqPCR revealed significantly increased gene expression of TNFα in distal colon tissue of old mice, which was decreased by the GOS diet. Colon transcriptomics analysis of mice fed GOS showed increased expression of genes involved in small-molecule metabolic processes and specifically the respirasome in old animals, which could indicate an increased oxidative metabolism and energetic efficiency. In young mice, GOS induced the expression of binding-related genes. The galectin gene Lgals1, a β-galactosyl-binding lectin that bridges molecules by their sugar moieties and is an important modulator of the immune response, and the PI3K-Akt and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were also induced in young mice. Stools from mice exhibiting variable bifidogenic response to GOS injected into colon organoids in the presence of prebiotics reproduced the response and non-response phenotypes observed in vivo suggesting that the composition and functionality of the microbiota are the main contributors to the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Dietary GOS modulated homeostasis of the aging gut by promoting changes in microbiome composition and host gene expression, which was translated into decreased intestinal permeability and increased mucus production. Age was a determining factor on how prebiotics impacted the microbiome and expression of intestinal epithelial cells, especially apparent from the induction of galectin-1 in young but not old mice. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery Roach
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Information Technology Services and Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Salvador Fabela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Current affiliation: Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Moorfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Dagher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Scott Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose M Bruno-Barcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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227
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Gorska-Ponikowska M, Bastian P, Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak A, Ploska A, Zubrzycki A, Kuban-Jankowska A, Nussberger S, Kalinowski L, Kmiec Z. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in 2-methoxyestradiol-mediated osteosarcoma cell death. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 33452331 PMCID: PMC7811003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most malignant tumors of childhood and adolescence. Research on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and biogenesis has received much attention in last few years, as they are crucial for death of cancer cells. Specifically, it was shown that increased expression of the cytoplasmic dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) triggers mitochondrial fission (division), which activates BAX and downstream intrinsic apoptosis, effectively inhibiting OS growth. In the presented study, human OS cells (metastatic 143B OS cell line) were incubated with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) at both physiologically and pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Confocal microscopy and western blot methods were applied to examine changes in Drp1 and BAX protein levels. Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1, MDIVI-1, was used in the study to further examine the role of Drp1 in 2-ME-mediated mechanism of action. To determine quantitative and qualitative changes in mitochondria, electron microscopy was used. 2-ME at all used concentrations increased mitochondrial fission and induced autophagy in OS cells. At the concentration of 1 µM 2-ME increased the area density of mitochondria in OS cells. Subsequent, upregulated expression of Drp1 and BAX proteins by 2-ME strongly suggests the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We further observed 2-ME-mediated regulation of glycolytic state of OS cells. Therefore, we suggest that changes of mitochondrial dynamics may represent a novel mechanism of anticancer action of 2-ME. This finding may open new approaches to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of OS, however, it has to be confirmed by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland ,grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.428936.2Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paulina Bastian
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Ploska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland ,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Zubrzycki
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stephan Nussberger
- grid.5719.a0000 0004 1936 9713Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland ,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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228
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Gundamaraju R, Lu W, Manikam R. CHCHD2: The Power House's Potential Prognostic Factor for Cancer? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620816. [PMID: 33537311 PMCID: PMC7849849 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER stress & Gut Mucosal Immunology Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Emergency and Acute Care Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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229
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Liu X, Zhao D, Zhao S, Li Z, Wang Y, Qin X. Deciphering the correlations between aging and constipation by metabolomics and network pharmacology. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3798-3818. [PMID: 33428599 PMCID: PMC7906210 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From the points of view of phenomena and experience, aging and constipation are inextricably correlated. However, experimental support and underlying mechanisms are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between aging and constipation from the perspectives of fecal metabolites and network pharmacology. The behavioral analyses of aging and constipation were carried out on both aging rats and constipation rats. We found that aging rats exhibited not only significant aging behaviors but also significant constipation behaviors, while constipation rats exhibited both significant constipation and aging behaviors. Additionally, fecal metabolomics was carried out and found that 23 metabolites were aging-related and 22 metabolites were constipation-related. Among them, there were 16 differential metabolites in common with 11 metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology was applied to construct the target-pathway network of aging and constipation, revealing that pathway in cancer was the most associated signaling pathway. The current findings will provide not only a novel perspective for understanding aging and constipation, but a theoretical association and understanding the traditional Chinese medicine theory and the Western medicine theory about aging and constipation, as well as support for the clinical research and development of medicine related to constipation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Di Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 999002, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, PR China
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230
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Zhang H, Morgan TE, Forman HJ. Age-related alteration in HNE elimination enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108749. [PMID: 33417945 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxynonenal (HNE, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) is a primary α,β-unsaturated aldehyde product of lipid peroxidation. The accumulation of HNE increases with aging and the mechanisms are mainly attributable to increased oxidative stress and decreased capacity of HNE elimination. In this review article, we summarize the studies on age-related change of HNE concentration and alteration of HNE metabolizing enzymes (GCL, GST, ALDHs, aldose reductase, and 20S-proteasome), and discuss potential mechanism of age-related decrease in HNE-elimination capacity by focusing on Nrf2 redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
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231
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Helmer PO, Nicolai MM, Schwantes V, Bornhorst J, Hayen H. Investigation of cardiolipin oxidation products as a new endpoint for oxidative stress in C. elegans by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:216-224. [PMID: 33127566 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases is a highly relevant topic in current research. Especially oxidative stress is thought to be the common underlying mechanism in diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a prominent model organism, which is often used for such investigations and has gained extensive recognition in research regarding the linkage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurodegeneration. Not only studies regarding genomics and proteomics have been increasingly conducted, also the number of studies based on the lipidome is rising. The phospholipid class of cardiolipin (CL) is a unique lipid class, which is exclusively located in mitochondria and is therefore of great relevance regarding oxidative stress and associated diseases. CL oxidation products have become a prominent marker for oxidative stress in various organisms. However, the CL distribution in the nematode C. elegans is still scarcely known on the molecular level and oxidation products have not yet been identified. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of CL distribution and the applicability of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker for oxidative stress in C. elegans. For this reason, the CL distribution was determined by means of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (2D-LC/HRMS). Subsequently, worms were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) in order to provoke oxidative stress and induce the artificial formation of oxidized CL. We were able to detect increasing amounts of CL oxidation products of highly unsaturated CL species in a concentration-dependent manner. This finding emphasizes the great potential of CL oxidation products as a sensitive marker substance of oxidative stress in C. elegans, which is not only directly linked to mitochondria function but also favourable to other oxidative stress markers in terms of the needed sample material, relative substance stability and specificity of the oxidation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Merle M Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Vera Schwantes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR, 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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232
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Faroux JM, Borba A, Ureta MM, Tymczyszyn EE, Gomez-Zavaglia A. A combined approach of electronic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations to assess model membrane oxidation pathways. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of lipid oxidation pathways using UV spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Faroux
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Borba
- CIEPQPF – Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. M. Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. E. Tymczyszyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular – Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología – Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
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233
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Obara K, Matsuoka Y, Iwata N, Abe Y, Ikegami Y, Shioda N, Hattori Y, Hamamatsu S, Yoshioka K, Yamaki F, Matsuo K, Yoshio T, Tanaka Y. Inhibitory Effects of Antipsychotics on the Contractile Response to Acetylcholine in Rat Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscles. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1140-1150. [PMID: 34334499 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The clinical applications of antipsychotics for symptoms unrelated to schizophrenia, such as behavioral and psychological symptoms, in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and the likelihood of doctors prescribing antipsychotics for elderly people are increasing. In elderly people, drug-induced and aging-associated urinary disorders are likely to occur. The most significant factor causing drug-induced urinary disorders is a decrease in urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) contraction induced by the anticholinergic action of therapeutics. However, the anticholinergic action-associated inhibitory effects of antipsychotics on UBSM contraction have not been sufficiently assessed. In this study, we examined 26 clinically available antipsychotics to determine the extent to which they inhibit acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction in rat UBSM to predict the drugs that should not be used by elderly people to avoid urinary disorders. Of the 26 antipsychotics, six (chlorpromazine, levomepromazine (phenothiazines), zotepine (a thiepine), olanzapine, quetiapine, clozapine (multi-acting receptor targeted antipsychotics (MARTAs))) competitively inhibited ACh-induced contractions at concentrations corresponding to clinically significant doses. Further, 11 antipsychotics (perphenazine, fluphenazine, prochlorperazine (phenothiazines), haloperidol, bromperidol, timiperone, spiperone (butyrophenones), pimozide (a diphenylbutylpiperidine), perospirone, blonanserin (serotonin-dopamine antagonists; SDAs), and asenapine (a MARTA)) significantly suppressed ACh-induced contraction; however, suppression occurred at concentrations substantially exceeding clinically achievable blood levels. The remaining nine antipsychotics (pipamperone (a butyrophenone), sulpiride, sultopride, tiapride, nemonapride (benzamides), risperidone, paliperidone (SDAs), aripiprazole, and brexpiprazole (dopamine partial agonists)) did not inhibit ACh-induced contractions at concentrations up to 10-5 M. These findings suggest that chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, zotepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and clozapine should be avoided by elderly people with urinary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Obara
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yuka Matsuoka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Naoya Iwata
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yukako Abe
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yohei Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Nanako Shioda
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yume Hattori
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Shoko Hamamatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Fumiko Yamaki
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Takashi Yoshio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
| | - Yoshio Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University
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234
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Damiani AP, Strapazzon G, de Oliveira Sardinha TT, Rohr P, Gajski G, de Pinho RA, de Andrade VM. Melatonin supplementation over different time periods until ageing modulates genotoxic parameters in mice. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:465-478. [PMID: 32720686 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a multifactorial phenomenon, associated with decreased physiological and cellular functions and an increased propensity for various degenerative diseases. Studies on melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a potent antioxidant, are gaining attention since melatonin production declines with advancing age. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic melatonin consumption on genotoxic and mutagenic parameters of old Swiss mice. Herein, 3-month-old Swiss albino male mice (n = 240) were divided into eight groups and subdivided into two experiments: first (three groups): natural ageing experiment; second (five groups): animals that started water or melatonin supplementation at different ages (3, 6, 12 and 18 months) until 21 months. After 21 months, the animals from the second experiment were euthanized to perform the comet assay, micronucleus test and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that melatonin prolonged the life span of the animals. Relative to genomic instability, melatonin was effective in reducing DNA damage caused by ageing, presenting antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities, independently of initiation age. The group receiving melatonin for 18 months had high levels of APE1 and OGG1 repair enzymes. Conclusively, melatonin presents an efficient antioxidant mechanism aiding modulating genetic and physiological alterations due to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Giulia Strapazzon
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Thanielly Thais de Oliveira Sardinha
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatia
| | - Ricardo Aurino de Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, R. Imac. Conceição - Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Programme of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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235
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Oishi T, Matsumaru D, Ota N, Kitamura H, Zhang T, Honkura Y, Katori Y, Motohashi H. Activation of the NRF2 pathway in Keap1-knockdown mice attenuates progression of age-related hearing loss. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:14. [PMID: 33318486 PMCID: PMC7736866 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is a progressive sensorineural hearing loss in elderly people. Although no prevention or treatments have been established for AHL, recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is closely related to pathogenesis of AHL, suggesting that suppression of oxidative stress leads to inhibition of AHL progression. NRF2 is a master transcription factor that regulates various antioxidant proteins and cytoprotection factors. To examine whether NRF2 pathway activation prevents AHL, we used Keap1-knockdown (Keap1FA/FA) mice, in which KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, is decreased, resulting in the elevation of NRF2 activity. We compared 12-month-old Keap1FA/FA mice with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice in the same breeding colony. In the Keap1FA/FA mice, the expression levels of multiple NRF2 target genes were verified to be significantly higher than the expression levels of these genes in the WT mice. Histological analysis showed that cochlear degeneration at the apical and middle turns was ameliorated in the Keap1FA/FA mice. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds in the Keap1FA/FA mice were significantly lower than those in the WT mice, in particular at low-mid frequencies. Immunohistochemical detection of oxidative stress markers suggested that oxidative stress accumulation was attenuated in the Keap1FA/FA cochlea. Thus, we concluded that NRF2 pathway activation protects the cochlea from oxidative damage during aging, in particular at the apical and middle turns. KEAP1-inhibiting drugs and phytochemicals are expected to be effective in the prevention of AHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumaru
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nao Ota
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yohei Honkura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yukio Katori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Macrì R, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235768. [PMID: 33297504 PMCID: PMC7731292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The employment studies of natural extracts in the prevention and treatment of several diseases highlighted the role of different species of genus Ferula L., belonging to the Apiaceae family, dicotyledonous plants present in many temperate zones of our planet. Ferula communis L. is the main source of sesquiterpene ferutinin, a bioactive compound studied both in vitro and in vivo, because of different effects, such as phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but also antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, performed in a dose-dependent and cell-dependent way. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the different activities of Ferutinin, starting from its antioxidant potential at low doses until its ionophoric property and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction induced through administration of high doses, which represent the key point of its anticancer action. Furthermore, we will summarize the data acquired from some experimental studies on different cell types and on several diseases. The results obtained showed an important antioxidant and phytoestrogenic regulation with lack of typical side effects related to estrogenic therapy. The preferential cell death induction for tumor cell lines suggests that ferutinin may have anti-neoplastic properties, and may be used as an antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent in an estrogen dependent and independent manner. Nevertheless, more data are needed to clearly understand the effect of ferutinin in animals before using it as a phytoestrogen or anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Hu WY, Li XX, Diao YF, Qi JJ, Wang DL, Zhang JB, Sun BX, Liang S. Asiatic acid protects oocytes against in vitro aging-induced deterioration and improves subsequent embryonic development in pigs. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:3353-3367. [PMID: 33281118 PMCID: PMC7906213 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a pentacyclic triterpene in Centella asiatica, asiatic acid (AA) is a powerful antioxidant with many bioactivities. In the present research, we investigated whether AA has the potential to rescue the decrease in porcine oocyte quality that occurs during in vitro aging (IVA). Mature porcine oocytes were collected and then continuously cultured for an additional 24 h or 48 h with or without AA in maturation medium as an IVA model. The results revealed that AA supplementation reduced the percentage of abnormal aged porcine oocytes during IVA. Furthermore, AA supplementation effectively maintained aged porcine oocyte developmental competence, both parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization. The number of sperm that bound to the zona pellucida on aged porcine oocytes was higher in the AA-supplemented group than in the non-supplemented group. Moreover, AA supplementation not only blocked IVA-induced oxidative stress but also maintained intracellular GSH levels and reduced the percentage of early apoptosis aged porcine oocytes. Mitochondrial functions were disordered during the IVA process. The intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in aged porcine oocytes were dramatically increased by AA supplementation. Therefore, AA has beneficial effects on porcine oocyte quality and developmental potential maintenance during IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Hu
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Xia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Fei Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Jia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Li Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo-Xing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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238
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Natural Phenolic Acid, Product of the Honey Bee, for the Control of Oxidative Stress, Peritoneal Angiogenesis, and Tumor Growth in Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235583. [PMID: 33261130 PMCID: PMC7730286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are key regulators of the link between inflammation and cancer, and the interplay between TAM and tumor cells represents a promising target of future therapeutic approaches. We investigated the effect of gallic acid (GA) and caffeic acid (CA) as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents on tumor growth, angiogenesis, macrophage polarization, and oxidative stress on the angiogenic model caused by the intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells (2.5 × 106) in Swiss albino mouse. Treatment with GA or CA at a dose of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg ip was started in exponential tumor growth phase on days 5, 7, 9, and 11. On day 13, the ascites volume and the total number and differential count of the cells present in the peritoneal cavity, the functional activity of macrophages, and the antioxidant and anti-angiogenic parameters were determined. The results show that phenolic acids inhibit the processes of angiogenesis and tumor growth, leading to the increased survival of EAT-bearing mice, through the protection of the tumoricidal efficacy of M1 macrophages and inhibition of proangiogenic factors, particularly VEGF, metalloproteinases -2 and -9, and cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
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239
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Amaral AU, Wajner M. Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects: Secondary Alterations of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis Caused by the Accumulating Fatty Acids. Front Genet 2020; 11:598976. [PMID: 33329744 PMCID: PMC7729159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities are considered the most frequent fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD). They are biochemically characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain, long-chain hydroxyl, and long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, respectively, in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients. Clinical manifestations commonly include hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still poorly understood, energy deprivation secondary to blockage of fatty acid degradation seems to play an important role. However, recent evidence indicates that the predominant fatty acids accumulating in these disorders disrupt mitochondrial functions and are involved in their pathophysiology, possibly explaining the lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, and altered mitochondrial biochemical parameters found in tissues and cultured fibroblasts from some affected patients and also in animal models of these diseases. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on disturbances of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial permeability transition induction provoked by the major fatty acids accumulating in prevalent FAOD. It is emphasized that further in vivo studies carried out in tissues from affected patients and from animal genetic models of these disorders are necessary to confirm the present evidence mostly achieved from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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240
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Lacerenza S, Ciregia F, Giusti L, Bonotti A, Greco V, Giannaccini G, D'Antongiovanni V, Fallahi P, Pieroni L, Cristaudo A, Lucacchini A, Mazzoni MR, Foddis R. Putative Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Suggested by Proteomic Analysis of Cell Secretome. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:225-236. [PMID: 32345664 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) a rare neoplasm linked to asbestos exposure is characterized by a poor prognosis. Soluble mesothelin is currently considered the most specific diagnostic biomarker. The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers by proteomic analysis of two MPM cell lines secretome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein patterns of MPM cells secretome were examined and compared to a non-malignant mesothelial cell line using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Serum levels of candidate biomarkers were determined in MPM patients and control subjects. RESULTS Two up-regulated proteins involved in cancer biology, prosaposin and quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1, were considered candidate biomarkers. Serum levels of both proteins were significantly higher in MPM patients than control subjects. Combining the data of each receiver-operating characteristic analysis predicted a good diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION A panel of the putative biomarkers represents a promising tool for MPM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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241
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Sobczuk A, Szczepanska J, Kaarniranta K. The Aging Stress Response and Its Implication for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228840. [PMID: 33266495 PMCID: PMC7700335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces several stress response pathways to counterbalance detrimental changes associated with this process. These pathways include nutrient signaling, proteostasis, mitochondrial quality control and DNA damage response. At the cellular level, these pathways are controlled by evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules, such as 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and sirtuins, including SIRT1. Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, playing an important role in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis, may interact with these molecules influencing lifespan and general fitness. Perturbation in the aging stress response may lead to aging-related disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main reason for vision loss in the elderly. This is supported by studies showing an important role of disturbances in mitochondrial metabolism, DDR and autophagy in AMD pathogenesis. In addition, disturbed expression of PGC-1α was shown to associate with AMD. Therefore, the aging stress response may be critical for AMD pathogenesis, and further studies are needed to precisely determine mechanisms underlying its role in AMD. These studies can include research on retinal cells produced from pluripotent stem cells obtained from AMD donors with the mutations, either native or engineered, in the critical genes for the aging stress response, including AMPK, IGF1, MTOR, SIRT1 and PPARGC1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426354334
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Sobczuk
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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242
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Sulkshane P, Ram J, Glickman MH. Ubiquitination of Intramitochondrial Proteins: Implications for Metabolic Adaptability. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111559. [PMID: 33207558 PMCID: PMC7697252 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are constantly subjected to stressful conditions due to their unique physiology and organization. The resulting damage leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which underlies many pathophysiological conditions. Hence, constant surveillance is required to closely monitor mitochondrial health for sound maintenance of cellular metabolism and thus, for viability. In addition to internal mitochondrial chaperones and proteases, mitochondrial health is also governed by host cell protein quality control systems. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy constitute the main pathways for removal of damaged or superfluous proteins in the cytosol, nucleus, and from certain organelles such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Although stress-induced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins has been widely studied, mechanisms of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination has remained largely elusive due to the predominantly cytosolic nature of UPS components, separated from internal mitochondrial proteins by a double membrane. However, recent research has illuminated examples of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination pathways and highlighted their importance under basal and stressful conditions. Owing to the dependence of mitochondria on the error-prone process of protein import from the cytosol, it is imperative that the cell eliminate any accumulated proteins in the event of mitochondrial protein import deficiency. Apparently, a significant portion of this activity involves ubiquitination in one way or another. In the present review article, following a brief introduction to mitochondrial protein quality control mechanisms, we discuss our recent understanding of intramitochondrial protein ubiquitination, its importance for basal function of mitochondria, metabolic implications, and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Sulkshane
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.H.G.); Tel.: +972-58779-2319 (P.S.); +972-4-829-4552 (M.H.G.)
| | | | - Michael H Glickman
- Correspondence: (P.S.); (M.H.G.); Tel.: +972-58779-2319 (P.S.); +972-4-829-4552 (M.H.G.)
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243
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Kaweme NM, Zhou S, Changwe GJ, Zhou F. The significant role of redox system in myeloid leukemia: from pathogenesis to therapeutic applications. Biomark Res 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 33292641 PMCID: PMC7661181 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of a defective antioxidant system can induce cellular damage and disrupt normal physiological functions. Several studies have revealed the unfavorable role of ROS in promoting the growth, proliferation, migration, and survival of leukemia cells. In this review study, we summarize the mechanisms of ROS production and its role in leukemogenesis, counteractive effects of antioxidants, and implicate the current ROS-dependent anticancer therapies in acute myeloid leukemia. BODY: The dysregulation of the redox system is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Leukemia cells generate high levels of ROS, which further increases the levels through extra pathways, including mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic mutation, leukemic oncogene activation, increased nicotinamide adenine phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), and cytochrome P450 activities. Aforementioned pathways once activated have shown to promote genomic instability, induce drug resistance to leukemia medical therapy, disease relapse and reduce survival period. The current standard of treatment with chemotherapy employs the pro-oxidant approach to induce apoptosis and promote tumor regression. However, this approach retains several deleterious effects on the subject resulting in degradation of the quality of life. Nevertheless, the addition of an antioxidant as an adjuvant drug to chemotherapy alleviates treatment-related toxicity, increases chemotherapeutic efficacy, and improves survival rates of a patient. CONCLUSION Acute myeloid leukemia remains a daunting challenge to clinicians. The desire to achieve the maximum benefit of chemotherapy but also improve patient outcomes is investigated. ROS generated through several pathways promotes leukemogenesis, drug resistance, and disease relapse. Chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment, further upregulates ROS levels. Therefore, the addition of an antioxidant to leukemia medical therapy alleviates toxicity and improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Mupeta Kaweme
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu road, 430071, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu road, 430071, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Geoffrey Joseph Changwe
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu road, 430071, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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244
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Zhou J, Chen F, Yan A, Xia X. Madecassoside protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20194347. [PMID: 33000859 PMCID: PMC7560535 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive and degenerative ocular disease associated with oxidative stress. Madecassoside (MADE) is a major bioactive triterpenoid saponin that possesses antioxidative activity. However, the role of MADE in AMD has never been investigated. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of MADE on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells under oxidative stress condition. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative damage in human RPE cells (ARPE-19 cells). Our results showed that H2O2-caused significant decrease in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were dose-dependently attenuated by MADE. MADE treatment also attenuated H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in RPE cells. The reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells were elevated after MADE treatment. MADE also suppressed caspase-3 activity and bax expression, as well as increased bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, H2O2-induced increase in expression levels of HO-1 and nuclear Nrf2 were enhanced by MADE treatment. Finally, knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the protective effects of MADE on H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that MADE protected ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by inducing the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Aimin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Li W, Sun K, Hu F, Chen L, Zhang X, Wang F, Yan B. Protective effects of natural compounds against oxidative stress in ischemic diseases and cancers via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway: A mini review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22658. [PMID: 33118292 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, has been seen in the pathological states of many disorders such as ischemic diseases and cancers. Many natural compounds (NCs) have long been recognized to ameliorate oxidative stress due to their inherent antioxidant activities. The modulation of oxidative stress by NCs via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway is summarized in the review. Three NCs, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, and curcumin, and the mechanisms of their cytoprotective effects are investigated in myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia, skin cancer, and prostate cancer. To promote the therapeutic performance of NCs with poor water solubility, the formulation approach, such as the nano drug delivery system, is elaborated as well in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Re-examination and Invalidation Department Pharmaceutical Division, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Departments of Urology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxing Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchun Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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246
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Shlapakova TI, Kostin RK, Tyagunova EE. Reactive Oxygen Species: Participation in Cellular Processes and Progression of Pathology. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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247
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Gao Y, Zhu C, Li K, Cheng X, Du Y, Yang D, Fan X, Gaur U, Yang M. Comparative proteomics analysis of dietary restriction in Drosophila. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240596. [PMID: 33064752 PMCID: PMC7567386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying mechanism of dietary restriction (DR) induced lifespan extension in fruit flies at protein level, we performed proteome sequencing in Drosophila at day 7 (young) and day 42 (old) under DR and ad libitum (AL) conditions. A total of 18629 unique peptides were identified in Uniprot, corresponding to 3,662 proteins. Among them, 383 and 409 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from comparison between DR vs AL at day 7 and 42, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that membrane-related processes, post-transcriptional processes, spliceosome and reproduction related processes, were highlighted significantly. In addition, expression of proteins involved in pathways such as spliceosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, lysosomes, ubiquitination, and riboflavin metabolism was relatively higher during DR. A relatively large number of DEPs were found to participate in longevity and age-related disease pathways. We identified 20 proteins that were consistently regulated during DR and some of which are known to be involved in ageing, such as mTORC1, antioxidant, DNA damage repair and autophagy. In the integration analysis, we found 15 genes that were stably regulated by DR at both transcriptional as well as translational levels. Our results provided a useful dataset for further investigations on the mechanism of DR and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxing Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keqin Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyi Cheng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjiao Du
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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248
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Malinska D, Testoni G, Duran J, Brudnicka A, Guinovart JJ, Duszynski J. Hallmarks of oxidative stress in the livers of aged mice with mild glycogen branching enzyme deficiency. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108626. [PMID: 33049291 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) introduces branching points in the glycogen molecule during its synthesis. Pathogenic GBE1 gene mutations lead to glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV), which is characterized by excessive intracellular accumulation of abnormal, poorly branched glycogen in affected tissues and organs, mostly in the liver. Using heterozygous Gbe1 knock-out mice (Gbe1+/-), we analyzed the effects of moderate GBE1 deficiency on oxidative stress in the liver. The livers of aged Gbe1+/- mice (22 months old) had decreased GBE1 protein levels, which caused a mild decrease in the degree of glycogen branching, but did not affect the tissue glycogen content. GBE1 deficiency was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation and elevated oxidation of the glutathione pool, indicating the existence of oxidative stress. Furthermore, we have observed increased levels of glutathione peroxidase and decreased activity of respiratory complex I in Gbe1+/- livers. Our data indicate that even mild changes in the degree of glycogen branching, which did not lead to excessive glycogen accumulation, may have broader effects on cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. In young animals cellular homeostatic mechanisms are able to counteract those changes, while in aged tissues the changes may lead to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malinska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Giorgia Testoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicja Brudnicka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joan J Guinovart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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249
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Green JC, Jiang Y, He L, Xu Y, Sun D, Keoprasert T, Nelson C, Oh U, Lesnefsky EJ, Kellogg GE, Chen Q, Zhang S. Characterization and Discovery of a Selective Small-Molecule Modulator of Mitochondrial Complex I Targeting a Unique Binding Site. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11819-11830. [PMID: 32945676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as an essential contributor to many human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact pathological role of mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-associated oxidative stress, remains elusive, partially due to the lack of chemical probes with well-defined mechanisms of action. Herein, we describe the characterization and discovery of a rationally designed small molecule ZCM-I-1 as a selective modulator of the production of reactive oxygen species from mitochondrial complex I that does not alter mitochondrial membrane potential and bioenergetics. Chemical biology studies employing photoaffinity probes derived from ZCM-I-1 demonstrated its novel mechanism of action of modulating complex I via interactions with the flavin mononucleotide site, proximal in the reaction pathway within complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23224, United States
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250
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Zarbafian M, Dayan S, Fabi SG. Teachings from COVID-19 and aging-An oxidative process. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3171-3176. [PMID: 32997887 PMCID: PMC7536979 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As of June 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has totaled over 9 000 000 cases and 470 000 deaths globally (ref. 1). Emerging data from COVID‐19 patients have suggested a clear role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2, the pathogenic agent of COVID‐19. Several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging, have been associated with an increase in baseline oxidative stress, likely explaining why such individuals at risk for poor outcomes with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Similarly, the concept of oxidative stress remains one of the best supported theories to explain the mechanism behind aging. Oxidative stress through both endogenous and exogenous sources has known deleterious effects in both aging and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Herein, we will review the role of oxidative stress as a key player in both aging and COVID‐19 and highlight why some individuals may have better or poorer outcomes because of this. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic pathways for effectively anti‐aging as we take away from our learnings on COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Zarbafian
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Dayan
- Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sabrina G Fabi
- Volunteer Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Goldman Butterwick Groff Fabi Wu & Boen Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA
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