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The Role of Lipids in Human Milk and Infant Formulae. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050567. [PMID: 29734711 PMCID: PMC5986447 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity and quality of dietary lipids in infant formulae have a significant impact on health outcomes, especially when fat storing and/or absorption are limited (e.g., preterm birth and short bowel disease) or when fat byproducts may help to prevent some pathologies (e.g., atopy). The lipid composition of infant formulae varies according to the different fat sources used, and the potential biological effects are related to the variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. For example, since lipids are the main source of energy when the normal absorptive capacity of the digestive tract is compromised, medium-chain saturated fatty acids might cover this requirement. Instead, ruminant-derived trans fatty acids and metabolites of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory properties can modulate immune function. Furthermore, dietary fats may influence the nutrient profile of formulae, improving the acceptance of these products and the compliance with dietary schedules.
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202
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Lacombe RS, Kratz RJ, Holub BJ. Directly quantified dietary n-3 fatty acid intakes of Canadian toddlers are lower than current dietary recommendations. Nutr Res 2018; 53:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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203
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Puertas G, Vázquez M. Advances in techniques for reducing cholesterol in egg yolk: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1448357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Puertas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002-Lugo, Spain
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204
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Sustainable Alternatives for Dietary Fish Oil in Aquafeeds: Actual Situation and Future Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77941-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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205
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Standal IB, Mozuraityte R, Rustad T, Alinasabhematabadi L, Carlsson NG, Undeland I. Quality of Filleted Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) During Chilled and Frozen Storage: Changes in Lipids, Vitamin D, Proteins, and Small Metabolites, including Biogenic Amines. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2018.1436107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Turid Rustad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leili Alinasabhematabadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils-Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science division, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science division, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
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206
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Merkiel-Pawłowska S, Chalcarz W. Gender differences and typical nutrition concerns of the diets of preschool children - the results of the first stage of an intervention study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:207. [PMID: 29258537 PMCID: PMC5735756 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition in children has an important influence on health both in childhood and adulthood. Actions aimed at improving children's nutrition are essential, not only to the children and their families, but also to the whole society. The aim of the study was to present the results of nutrient intake before starting a nutrition and physical activity intervention programme, to investigate gender differences in nutrient intake and to discuss whether the preschoolers' nutrient intake is similar to the intake of their peers from other countries. METHODS Nutrient intake was estimated from seven-day weighed food records kept by parents and preschool staff individually for 122 4-6-year-old children who attended two preschools in Piła, north-western Poland. Nutrient intake was calculated using Dieta 4.0 computer programme including water intake and intake of nutrients from dietary supplements. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme, version 21.0, according to gender. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences (reference number 886/08). RESULTS Boys, in comparison to girls, were found to have statistically significantly higher intakes of total protein, total protein per kg of body weight, saturated fatty acids, total carbohydrates, available carbohydrates, lactose, sucrose, total water, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Statistically significantly higher percentage of girls than boys had intakes of vitamin E below AI. CONCLUSIONS Gender was a significant factor of nutrient intake in the studied preschool children. The main nutritional concerns in the studied preschoolers' diets, irrespective of gender, are typical of the diets of preschool children from various parts of Europe and indicate the need to work out common nutritional strategies to improve preschoolers' nutrition across Europe to reduce future burden of diet-related diseases to the European societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel-Pawłowska
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chalcarz
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
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207
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Hauta-Alus HH, Korkalo L, Holmlund-Suila EM, Rosendahl J, Valkama SM, Enlund-Cerullo M, Helve OM, Hytinantti TK, Mäkitie OM, Andersson S, Viljakainen HT. Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Sources in 1-Year-Old Infants in Finland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1309. [PMID: 29194422 PMCID: PMC5748759 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infant diet has short- and long-term health consequences. Updated data regarding the dietary intake of Finnish infants are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe infant food and nutrient intake and to identify food sources of the nutrients. Altogether, 739 healthy infants were studied. Dietary intake and breastfeeding frequency were assessed with a three-day food record at 1 year of age. Dietary intake was calculated separately for non-breastfed and breastfed infants. One-third (36%) of the infants were partially breastfed and 95% consumed mass-produced baby foods. The infants' diet consisted mainly of infant formula, dairy milk, porridges, fruit and berry foods, and meat dishes. The mean vegetable, fruit and berry consumption was 199 g/day. Most nutrient intakes were adequate except for fat, linoleic acid, vitamin D and iron from food. Mean sucrose intake, as a percentage of total energy intake (E%), was 5-6 E%. High protein intake (>20 E%) was observed in 19% of non-breastfed infants. Overall, the infants' diet was favorable since vegetable and fruit consumption was reasonably high and nutrient intake was mostly adequate. However, the fat intake was lower, and protein intake higher than recommended. Increasing the consumption of vegetable oils and reducing the intake of red meat and dairy milk may further improve the diet of 1-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elisa M Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Saara M Valkama
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Otto M Helve
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo K Hytinantti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Outi M Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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209
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A Correlation Study of DHA Intake Estimated by a FFQ and Concentrations in Plasma and Erythrocytes in Mid- and Late Pregnancy. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111256. [PMID: 29144430 PMCID: PMC5707728 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for the optimal growth and development of the fetus. Maternal DHA content fluctuates during pregnancy. The correlation of DHA content with dietary intake might be varied over the course of pregnancy. We aimed to compare the dietary DHA intake, estimated by a DHA-specific semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against its blood content, among mid- and late-term pregnant women. A total of 804 Chinese pregnant women completed the tailored FFQ and provided fasting venous blood samples. Dietary DHA intake (mg/day) in the previous month was calculated from the FFQ using Chinese Food Composition Table. DHA concentrations (weight percent of total fatty acids) in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) between DHA intake and its relative concentrations were calculated. After adjustment for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, stage of pregnancy, parity, education level, ethnicity, and annual family income per capita, the correlation coefficients of DHA intake with its concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were 0.35 and 0.33, respectively (p < 0.001). The correlations were relatively stronger among women in late pregnancy (rs = 0.44 in plasma and 0.39 in erythrocytes) than those in mid-pregnancy (rs = 0.25 and 0.26). The significant correlations were consistently observed in subgroups stratified by regions, except for erythrocytes in women living in a coastland area. Multiple regression analyses also indicated significant positive linear correlations between DHA intake and its plasma or erythrocytes concentrations (p < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary DHA intake, estimated by the FFQ, was positively correlated with its concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes in Chinese pregnant women, especially for women in late pregnancy, with the exception of the erythrocytes of those living in a coastland area.
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210
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Saavedra M, Pereira T, Carvalho L, Pousão-Ferreira P, Grade A, Teixeira B, Quental-Ferreira H, Mendes R, Bandarra N, Gonçalves A. Wild and farmed meagre, Argyrosomus regius : A nutritional, sensory and histological assessment of quality differences. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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211
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Technological and nutritional advantages of mechanical separation process applied to three European aquacultured species. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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212
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Łuczyńska J, Paszczyk B, Nowosad J, Łuczyński MJ. Mercury, Fatty Acids Content and Lipid Quality Indexes in Muscles of Freshwater and Marine Fish on the Polish Market. Risk Assessment of Fish Consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1120. [PMID: 28946712 PMCID: PMC5664621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mercury content and fatty acids in muscles of Perca fluviatilis L. (European perch), Leuciscus idus L. (ide), Cyprinus carpio L. (European or common carp), Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb. (rainbow trout), Platichthys flesus L. (European flounder). and Clupea harengus L. (bream) from the Polish market were investigated. The total mercury was processed with AAS. The fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentration of mercury in muscles varied from 0.006 to 0.138 mg/kg and decreased as follows: perch ≈ ide > flounder > herring ≈ bream ≈ rainbow trout > carp (p ≤ 0.05). There were only significant positive correlations between body weight and mercury content in muscle tissue of carp (r = 0.878), flounder (r = 0.925) and herring (r = 0.982) (p ≤ 0.05). The atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and flesh-lipid quality index (FLQ) were calculated as follows 0.33-0.70 (IA), 0.16-0.31 (IT) and 13.01-33.22 (FLQ). Hypocholesterolemic (OFA) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (DFA) in muscles of fish ranged from 18.26 to 23.01 and from 73.91 to 78.46, respectively. In most cases, there were not significant correlations between size (body weight and total length) and fatty acids in the muscles of the examined fish (p > 0.05). The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were below 1, which shows that there is no non-carcinogenic health risk to the consumer by consuming the examined fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Łuczyńska
- Chair of Commodity and Food Analysis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Beata Paszczyk
- Chair of Commodity and Food Analysis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Nowosad
- Department of Lake and River Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marek Jan Łuczyński
- Department of Ichthyology, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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213
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Processed red meat contribution to dietary patterns and the associated cardio-metabolic outcomes. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:222-228. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence suggests that processed red meat consumption is a risk factor for CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This analysis investigates the association between dietary patterns, their processed red meat contributions, and association with blood biomarkers of CVD and T2D, in 786 Irish adults (18–90 years) using cross-sectional data from a 2011 national food consumption survey. All meat-containing foods consumed were assigned to four food groups (n 502) on the basis of whether they contained red or white meat and whether they were processed or unprocessed. The remaining foods (n 2050) were assigned to twenty-nine food groups. Two-step and k-means cluster analyses were applied to derive dietary patterns. Nutrient intakes, plasma fatty acids and biomarkers of CVD and T2D were assessed. A total of four dietary patterns were derived. In comparison with the pattern with lower contributions from processed red meat, the dietary pattern with greater processed red meat intakes presented a poorer Alternate Healthy Eating Index (21·2 (sd 7·7)), a greater proportion of smokers (29 %) and lower plasma EPA (1·34 (sd 0·72) %) and DHA (2·21 (sd 0·84) %) levels (P<0·001). There were no differences in classical biomarkers of CVD and T2D, including serum cholesterol and insulin, across dietary patterns. This suggests that the consideration of processed red meat consumption as a risk factor for CVD and T2D may need to be re-assessed.
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214
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Domaradzki P, Stanek P, Litwińczuk Z, Skałecki P, Florek M. Slaughter value and meat quality of suckler calves: A review. Meat Sci 2017; 134:135-149. [PMID: 28783610 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Veal is widely prized by consumers for its excellent nutritional value. Calf meat is generally obtained from young (immature) bovine animals up to 8months of age, or in some cases from older animals, but no older than 12months. Classification of calf carcasses and specification of cuts are quite well regulated in the European market, in contrast with feeding systems and meat characteristics. There are several calf production systems, but in terms of consumer health the most beneficial meat is obtained from animals reared on pasture with natural suckling. In view of the above, this review is limited in scope to Member States of the European Union and focuses on the main factors influencing the carcass quality, proximate composition, intrinsic properties, cholesterol content, fatty acid composition and mineral composition of veal from calves reared on pasture with their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stanek
- Sub-department of Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Litwińczuk
- Sub-department of Organic Production of Food of Animal Origin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Skałecki
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Raw Animal Materials, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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215
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Gmelch L, Hintelmann H, Hickie B, Kienberger H, Stern G, Rychlik M. Risk-Benefit Assessment of Monomethylmercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake for Ringed Seal Consumption with Particular Emphasis on Vulnerable Populations in the Western Canadian Arctic. Front Nutr 2017; 4:30. [PMID: 28798916 PMCID: PMC5526837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many northern Inuit communities rely on traditional food as major source of nourishment. An essential part of the traditional Arctic diet is marine mammals such as ringed seals or beluga. Being top predators, these animals are often highly contaminated with various toxins. In contrast, some tissues of marine mammals are also characterized by high amounts of n3-PUFAs (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Here, we try to balance the risks associated with the consumption of different tissue types of ringed seals in terms of the neurotoxin monomethylmercury (MMHg) with the benefits of consumption due to high n3-PUFA concentrations. Fetuses are at the highest risk of neurological impairments because MMHg can easily cross the placental barrier. Therefore, women of childbearing age served as an indicator population for especially susceptible subpopulations. We calculated maximal weekly maternal portions sizes if mutual consumption of muscle and blubber tissue or liver and blubber tissue was assumed. Those weekly portion sizes resulted in an estimated overall IQ point gain of infants of 0, whereas the consumption of liver or muscle tissue without blubber could lead to an IQ loss. In contrast to former studies, our data do not generally prohibit the consumption of liver tissue. Instead, our results suggest that a maximal weekly consumption of 125 g liver tissue together with 1 g of blubber tissue is acceptable and does not lead to neurological damages in the long term. Similarly, the consumption of maximal 172 g muscle tissue can be balanced by the mutual consumption of 1 g blubber tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gmelch
- Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Hickie
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Hermine Kienberger
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gary Stern
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
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216
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Alejandre M, Passarini D, Astiasarán I, Ansorena D. The effect of low-fat beef patties formulated with a low-energy fat analogue enriched in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipid oxidation and sensory attributes. Meat Sci 2017; 134:7-13. [PMID: 28738225 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new low-energy gelled emulsion containing algae oil was developed as animal fat replacer. Its stability was evaluated under different storage conditions: 4V (4°C/vacuum), 4NV (4°C/no vacuum), 25V (25°C/vacuum) and 25NV (25°C/no vacuum). According to moisture, hardness, color and lipid oxidation data, 4°C under vacuum (4V) was selected as the best condition. Once the gelled emulsion was characterized, its effectiveness as fat analogue was demonstrated in beef patties. Reformulated patties were produced with 100% of animal fat replacement and compared to conventional patties (9%fat). A 70%fat reduction was achieved in the new patties, mainly due to a reduction in the saturated fatty acids. Also, decreased n-6 (76%lower content) and increased eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (55%higher content) were noticed in the new formulation. The incorporation of the gelled emulsion containing reduced amount of n-6 fatty acids and increased amounts of long chain n-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) reduced the oxidation status of the patties and their sensory evaluation resulted in acceptable scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alejandre
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Denis Passarini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, IDISNA - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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217
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Dietary fibre in Europe: current state of knowledge on definitions, sources, recommendations, intakes and relationships to health. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30:149-190. [DOI: 10.1017/s095442241700004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractResearch into the analysis, physical properties and health effects of dietary fibre has continued steadily over the last 40–50 years. From the knowledge gained, countries have developed guidelines for their populations on the optimal amount of fibre to be consumed each day. Food composition tables from many countries now contain values for the dietary fibre content of foods, and, from these, combined with dietary surveys, population intakes have been determined. The present review assessed the uniformity of the analytical methods used, health claims permitted, recommendations and intakes, particularly from national surveys across Europe and around the world. It also assessed current knowledge on health effects of dietary fibre and related the impact of different fibre types on health. The overall intent was to be able to provide more detailed guidance on the types of fibre which should be consumed for good health, rather than simply a total intake figure, the current situation. Analysis of data indicated a fair degree of uniformity in the definition of dietary fibre, the method used for analysis, the recommended amount to be consumed and a growing literature on effects on digestive health and disease risk. However, national dietary survey data showed that intakes do not reach recommendations and very few countries provide guidance on the types of fibre that are preferable to achieve recommended intakes. Research gaps were identified and ideas suggested to provide information for more detailed advice to the public about specific food sources that should be consumed to achieve health benefits.
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218
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Will seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) quality change in a warmer ocean? Food Res Int 2017; 97:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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219
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Enhancing the DHA content in milk from dairy cows by feeding ALL-G-RICH™. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of 6 g/kg dry matter intake of an unextracted Aurantiochytrium limacinum algae (AURA) in mid-lactation Italian Friesian cows under commercial conditions on milk yield, milk composition and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Cows were allocated to two groups (n = 18; 108.2 ± 66.1 and 104.4 ± 54.6 days in milk, control and treated groups, respectively). Feeding AURA for 84 d had no effect on dry matter intake, body condition score or weight gain, but did improve milk yield by 1.9 kg/cow/d (+5.4%; P < 0.1) over the course of the experiment. Milk fat concentration declined by 12% (P < 0.0001) without any significant change in 4% fat corrected milk, protein or lactose. Supplementing AURA for 12 weeks substantially altered the fatty acid profile of milk compared with milk from CON-fed cows such that the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased, omega-3 fatty acid content increased by 73.1% (P < 0.0001) and was accompanied by a favourable increase in the omega-3:6 fatty acid ratio by 75.0% (P < 0.0001). The AURA supplement, during day 7–84, increased the DHA concentration to 0.37 g /100 g milk total fatty acids (P < 0.0001) with a mean transfer efficiency of 18.1% from feed to milk. Together these results indicated that supplementing a dairy cow diet with DHA-rich microalgae is a feasible and efficient means for creating DHA-enriched milk for human consumption.
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220
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Folgenahrungen für Kleinkinder im Alter von einem bis 3 Jahren (sog. Kindermilchgetränke). Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-017-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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221
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The influence of food consumption and socio-economic factors on the relationship between zinc and iron intake and status in a healthy population. Public Health Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28641600 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Zn and Fe nutritional status of a healthy population by means of anthropometric, dietary and biochemical measurements and to investigate the relationship of usual Zn and Fe dietary intakes to Zn and Fe status. In addition, to examine the impact of food choices and socio-economic factors on Fe and Zn dietary intakes and status with the aim to identify groups at risk of dietary deficiency and suggest factors that may influence the status of these nutrients. DESIGN Food consumption was assessed by 24 h recall questionnaires. Twenty biochemical parameters were measured, of which Hb, haematocrit, erythrocyte count and plasma concentrations of Fe and Zn were directly related to Fe and Zn nutrition. The prevalence of study participants with inadequate micronutrient intakes was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method. SETTING Serbia, Europe. SUBJECTS Apparently healthy adults (25-65 years of age). RESULTS Mean daily Zn and Fe intakes were 9·1 mg and 11·6 mg for males and 7·3 mg and 9·4 mg for females, respectively. Five per cent of the study population had inadequate dietary Fe intake and 15-25 % had inadequate Zn intake. Lower Hb concentrations were measured in women with lower Zn intakes. No differences in Fe and Zn intakes and status among various socio-economic groups were observed, except for Fe intake between the low-income and affluent groups. CONCLUSIONS Regular follow-ups are needed to ensure that potential deficiencies of Zn and Fe do get recognized and addressed in a timely manner.
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Nogueira N, Fernandes I, Fernandes T, Cordeiro N. A comparative analysis of lipid content and fatty acid composition in muscle, liver and gonads of Seriola fasciata Bloch 1793 based on gender and maturation stage. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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MRAZ J, ZAJIC T, KOZAK P, PICKOVA J, KACER P, ADAMEK V, KRALOVA LESNA I, LANSKA V, ADAMKOVA V. Intake of Carp Meat From Two Aquaculture Production Systems Aimed at Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease – a Follow-up Study. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S129-S137. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that a diet enriched with 400 g of carp per week improved plasma lipids in subjects after aortocoronary bypass (CABG). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the different carp farming systems have an impact on the effects of carp meat in secondary cardiovascular prevention. We examined 3 groups of patients after CABG over a 4-week period of spa treatment (108 persons, 73 males, 35 females, age over 60 years). We found no differences in baseline values of blood pressure or plasma lipids. The patients were given a standard spa diet (controls; N=36) or a diet enriched of 400 g of carp meat per week, enriched omega 3 (N=37) or cereal carp (N=35). Plasma lipid parameters were examined at start and after 4 weeks in a routine laboratory setting. Group consuming omega-3 carp showed the largest decline in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol (all p<0.01). We found that carp meat from the two production systems showed significantly different effects on plasma lipids. Further trials should be performed to clarify the exact causes of the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - V. ADAMKOVA
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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225
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Abdeldaiem MHM, Ali HGM, Ramadan MF. Impact of different essential oils on the characteristics of refrigerated carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish fingers. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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226
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Pires TC, Dias MI, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Nutritional and chemical characterization of edible petals and corresponding infusions: Valorization as new food ingredients. Food Chem 2017; 220:337-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Dusemund B, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Leblanc JC, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Parent-Massin D, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Younes M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Tobback P, Rincon AM, Tard A, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04743. [PMID: 32625446 PMCID: PMC7010163 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, E 476) used as a food additive. In 1978, the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for PGPR. PGPR is hydrolysed in the gut resulting in the liberation of free polyglycerols, polyricinoleic acid and ricinoleic acid. Di‐ and triglycerol are absorbed and excreted unchanged in the urine; long‐chain polyglycerols show lower absorption and are mainly excreted unchanged in faeces. Acute oral toxicity of PGPR is low, and short‐term and subchronic studies indicate PGPR is tolerated at high doses without adverse effects. PGPR (E 476) is not of concern with regard to genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. The single reproductive toxicity study with PGPR was limited and was not an appropriate study for deriving a health‐based guidance value. Human studies with PGPR demonstrated that there is no indication of significant adverse effect. The Panel considered a 2‐year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study for determining a reference point and derived a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PGPR (E 476) of 2,500 mg/kg bw per day, the only dose tested. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the present data set give reason to revise the ADI of 7.5 mg/kg bw per day allocated by SCF to 25 mg/kg bw per day. Exposure estimates did not exceed the ADI of 25 mg/kg bw per day and a proposed extension of use would not result in an exposure exceeding this ADI. The Panel recommended modification of the EU specifications for PGPR (E 476).
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Mortensen A, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Di Domenico A, Dusemund B, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Leblanc JC, Lindtner O, Moldeus P, Mosesso P, Parent-Massin D, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Younes M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Tobback P, Rincon AM, Tard A, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of glycerol (E 422) as a food additive. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04720. [PMID: 32625431 PMCID: PMC7009851 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ANS Panel provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of glycerol (E 422) used as a food additive. In 1981, the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) endorsed the conclusion from the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1976 of ‘acceptable daily intake (ADI) for man not specified’. The Panel concluded that glycerol has low acute toxicity and that local irritating effects of glycerol in the gastrointestinal tract reported in some gavage studies was likely due to hygroscopic and osmotic effects of glycerol. Glycerol did not raise concern with respect to genotoxicity and was of no concern with regard to carcinogenicity. Reproductive and prenatal developmental studies were limited to conclude on reproductive toxicity but no dose‐related adverse effects were reported. None of the animal studies available identified an adverse effect for glycerol. The Panel conservatively estimated the lowest oral dose of glycerol required for therapeutic effect to be 125 mg/kg bw per hour and noted that infants and toddlers can be exposed to that dose by drinking less than the volume of one can (330 mL) of a flavoured drink. The Panel concluded that there is no need for a numerical ADI and no safety concern regarding the use of glycerol (E 422) as a food additive at the refined exposure assessment for the reported uses. The Panel also concluded that the manufacturing process of glycerol should not allow the production of a food additive, which contains genotoxic and carcinogenic residuals at a level which would result in a margin of exposure below 10,000. The Panel recommended modification of the EU specifications for E 422. The Panel also recommended that more information on uses and use levels and analytical data should be made available to the Panel.
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Zalewski BM, Patro B, Veldhorst M, Kouwenhoven S, Crespo Escobar P, Calvo Lerma J, Koletzko B, van Goudoever JB, Szajewska H. Nutrition of infants and young children (one to three years) and its effect on later health: A systematic review of current recommendations (EarlyNutrition project). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:489-500. [PMID: 25751102 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.888701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EarlyNutrition ( www.project-earlynutrition.eu ) is an international research project investigating the effects of early nutrition on metabolic programming. OBJECTIVE To summarize, by performing a systematic review, current standards, recommendations, guidelines, and regulations (hereafter, referred to as documents) on the nutrition of children up to three years of age. Special emphasis was placed on long-term effects of early nutrition, such as the risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or glucose intolerance. METHODS MEDLINE, selected databases, and websites were searched for documents published between 2008 and January 2013. RESULTS Forty two documents met the inclusion criteria. The strongest and most consistent evidence for a protective, long-term effect was documented for breastfeeding. Also, limiting the intake of sodium and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, use of a specific meal pattern, reducing the consumption of saturated fatty acids by replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lowering the intake of trans fatty acids, seems beneficial. Many documents did not evaluate long-term outcomes of interest to us, or reported insufficient or imprecise data. Inconsistency in recommendations for some outcomes and research gaps were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may serve as a helpful tool in planning further research, preventive actions against important diet-related diseases, and guidelines improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadeta Patro
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Margriet Veldhorst
- b Department of Pediatrics , VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kouwenhoven
- b Department of Pediatrics , VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Paula Crespo Escobar
- c Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , La Fe University Hospital , Valencia , Spain
| | - Joaquim Calvo Lerma
- c Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , La Fe University Hospital , Valencia , Spain
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- d Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Klinikum d. Univ. München , München , Germany
| | - Johannes Bernard van Goudoever
- b Department of Pediatrics , VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Department of Pediatrics , Emma Children's Hospital , Amsterdam Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Hania Szajewska
- a Department of Pediatrics , The Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Gorczyca D, Postępski J, Czajkowska A, Paściak M, Prescha A, Olesińska E, Gruenpeter A, Lachór-Motyka I, Szponar B. The profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and association with disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1269-1279. [PMID: 28247163 PMCID: PMC5486496 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), serum profiles, and immune and inflammatory markers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in relation to onset, activity, and duration. A total of 66 JIA patients and 42 controls were included. Serum PUFA levels were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a dietary intake by 7-day dietary record method, and IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels using ELISA. Dietary PUFA intake did not differ between the JIA group and controls. Intakes of n-6 and n-3 PUFA and serum levels were not associated. Levels of total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) were higher in inactive JIA than in active JIA. Patients with active and short-lasting disease (less than 3 months from diagnosis) had significantly lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the control. Serum α-linolenic acid (ALA) levels were significantly higher in poly-JIA than in oligo-JIA and in controls. We found significantly higher serum IL-10 levels in JIA than in controls. Serum n-6 and n-3 levels were significantly negatively correlated with active joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein and positively with platelet count. Our study presents the low levels of AA and DHA in the active phase of short-lasting JIA, particularly poly-JIA, and the relationship between n-6 and n-3 PUFA and classic markers of inflammation. PUFAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of JIA and support a necessity to identify new targets suitable for successful interventional studies in JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Gorczyca
- Third Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Postępski
- First Department of Paediatrics Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University of Medicine in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czajkowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Paściak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Olesińska
- First Department of Paediatrics Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University of Medicine in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gruenpeter
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, John Paul II Paediatric Centre, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Iwona Lachór-Motyka
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, John Paul II Paediatric Centre, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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231
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Ozogul Y, Durmus M, Uçar Y, Köşker AR, Ozogul F. The combined impact of nanoemulsion based on commercial oils and vacuum packing on the fatty acid profiles of sea bass fillets. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology; Cukurova University; Balcali 011330 Adana Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durmus
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology; Cukurova University; Balcali 011330 Adana Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Uçar
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology; Cukurova University; Balcali 011330 Adana Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Köşker
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology; Cukurova University; Balcali 011330 Adana Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology; Cukurova University; Balcali 011330 Adana Turkey
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Sioen I, van Lieshout L, Eilander A, Fleith M, Lohner S, Szommer A, Petisca C, Eussen S, Forsyth S, Calder PC, Campoy C, Mensink RP. Systematic Review on N-3 and N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in European Countries in Light of the Current Recommendations - Focus on Specific Population Groups. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2017; 70:39-50. [PMID: 28190013 PMCID: PMC5452278 DOI: 10.1159/000456723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier reviews indicated that in many countries adults, children and adolescents consume on an average less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation. SUMMARY The intake of total and individual n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European infants, children, adolescents, elderly and pregnant/lactating women was evaluated systematically. RESULTS The evaluations were done against recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. Key Messages: Fifty-three studies from 17 different European countries reported an intake of total n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and/or individual n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in at least one of the specific population groups: 10 in pregnant women, 4 in lactating women, 3 in infants 6-12 months, 6 in children 1-3 years, 11 in children 4-9 years, 8 in adolescents 10-18 years and 11 in elderly >65 years. Mean linoleic acid intake was within the recommendation (4 energy percentage [E%]) in 52% of the countries, with inadequate intakes more likely in lactating women, adolescents and elderly. Mean α-linolenic acid intake was within the recommendation (0.5 E%) in 77% of the countries. In 26% of the countries, mean eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid intake was as recommended. These results indicate that intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be suboptimal in specific population groups in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ans Eilander
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alíz Szommer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Harris C, Buyken A, Koletzko S, von Berg A, Berdel D, Schikowski T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J, Standl M. Dietary Fatty Acids and Changes in Blood Lipids during Adolescence: The Role of Substituting Nutrient Intakes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E127. [PMID: 28208667 PMCID: PMC5331558 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of dietary fatty acids (FA) for blood lipids should be assessed in the context of substituting nutrients. Such evidence is lacking for adolescents. This study describes prospective associations of dietary FA with changes in serum lipids during adolescence, and considers the theoretical isocaloric replacements of saturated FA (SFA) with other FA or carbohydrates (CHO). Children from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts, with data on FA intakes (at age 10 years) and serum lipids (at age 10 and 15 years), were included (n = 1398). Associations of SFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 PUFA, with changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), and total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TOTAL:HDL), were assessed by linear regression. Substitution models assessed isocaloric replacements of SFA with MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA or CHO. Higher SFA intakes were associated with decreasing TAG. No associations were observed for fatty acid intakes with LDL, HDL or TOTAL:HDL. In females, replacing SFA with CHO was associated with increasing LDL, TAG and TOTAL:HDL. Our findings confirm observations in adults, although sex-specific determinants seem relevant in our adolescent population. Overlooking the nutrient context when limiting SFA intakes might have detrimental consequences appreciable as early as adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anette Buyken
- DONALD Study, IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid contents, and mineral concentrations of European beaver (Castor fiber L.) meat. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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235
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Walton J, Kehoe L, McNulty BA, Nugent AP, Flynn A. Nutrient intakes and compliance with nutrient recommendations in children aged 1-4 years in Ireland. J Hum Nutr Diet 2017; 30:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - L. Kehoe
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - B. A. McNulty
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - A. P. Nugent
- UCD Institute of Food and Health; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - A. Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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236
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Konieczka P, Czauderna M, Smulikowska S. The enrichment of chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids by dietary fish oil or its mixture with rapeseed or flaxseed—Effect of feeding duration. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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237
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Individual omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids and mortality—The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:126-135.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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238
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Albuquerque TG, Silva MA, Oliveira MBPP, Costa HS. Efeito do processamento industrial na qualidade e na segurança de salgados prontos para comer. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O estilo de vida das famílias tem sofrido alterações profundas, traduzindo-se, entre outros fatores, na redução do tempo para preparação das refeições. Pelo referido, as vendas de alimentos confeccionados, caso dos salgados, têm tido um crescimento contínuo. Este trabalho de investigação teve como objetivos: (1) determinar os teores de sal, gordura total e o perfil em ácidos graxos de salgados prontos para comer; (2) correlacionar os diversos componentes analisados; (3) analisar a evolução da composição dos salgados com base na comparação com os valores da literatura, e (4) estimar os benefícios/riscos para a saúde da população, tendo por base as recomendações de referência. Foram avaliados, em 2015, 12 tipos de salgados prontos para comer. O teor de gordura total foi determinado pelo método de hidrólise ácida, seguido de extração em Soxhlet, com éter de petróleo. O teor de sal foi determinado utilizando-se o método de Charpentier-Volhard. Para o perfil de ácidos graxos, utilizou-se um método de cromatografia gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama. O teor de gordura variou entre 9,14 g/100 g (pataniscas de bacalhau) e 28,9 g/100 g (chamuças de carne). O teor de sal mais elevado foi de 2,13 g/100 g (croquetes de carne). No entanto, uma unidade de empada de requeijão pode contribuir com 45% da ingestão diária de sal recomendada. Os ácidos graxos majoritários, em 58% das amostras analisadas, eram poli-insaturados, e os seus teores variaram entre 3,54 g/100 g (empadas de galinha) e 15,5 g/100 g (chamuças de carne). Todas as amostras analisadas tinham teores de ácidos graxos trans inferiores a 2% do teor de gordura total. De uma forma geral, os salgados prontos para comer analisados tinham teores elevados de gordura e de sal, devendo, por isso, o seu consumo ser moderado. No entanto, na maior parte das amostras, o teor de ácidos graxos insaturados era superior aos saturados. No que se refere aos teores de ácidos graxos trans, estes alimentos podem ser considerados seguros.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helena Soares Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Alexander DD, Miller PE, Van Elswyk ME, Kuratko CN, Bylsma LC. A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Cohort Studies of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:15-29. [PMID: 28062061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) on coronary heart disease (CHD), and to conduct meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies to estimate the association between EPA+DHA intake and CHD risk. METHODS A systematic literature search of Ovid/Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 1947, to November 2, 2015, was conducted; 18 RCTs and 16 prospective cohort studies examining EPA+DHA from foods or supplements and CHD, including myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, coronary death, and angina, were identified. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was examined in subgroup and sensitivity analyses and by meta-regression. Dose-response was evaluated in stratified dose or intake analyses. Publication bias assessments were performed. RESULTS Among RCTs, there was a nonstatistically significant reduction in CHD risk with EPA+DHA provision (SRRE=0.94; 95% CI, 0.85-1.05). Subgroup analyses of data from RCTs indicated a statistically significant CHD risk reduction with EPA+DHA provision among higher-risk populations, including participants with elevated triglyceride levels (SRRE=0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.98) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SRRE=0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98). Meta-analysis of data from prospective cohort studies resulted in a statistically significant SRRE of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92) for higher intakes of EPA+DHA and risk of any CHD event. CONCLUSION Results indicate that EPA+DHA may be associated with reducing CHD risk, with a greater benefit observed among higher-risk populations in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paige E Miller
- Nutrition and Food Services, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL
| | - Mary E Van Elswyk
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Van Elswyk Consulting, Inc, Longmont, CO
| | - Connye N Kuratko
- Scientific Affairs, Kuratko Nutrition Research, Ellicott City, MD
| | - Lauren C Bylsma
- Department of Epidemiology, EpidStat Institute, Ann Arbor, MI
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240
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Sánchez-Peña MJ, Márquez-Sandoval F, Ramírez-Anguiano AC, Velasco-Ramírez SF, Macedo-Ojeda G, González-Ortiz LJ. Calculating the metabolizable energy of macronutrients: a critical review of Atwater’s results. Nutr Rev 2016; 75:37-48. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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241
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Merkle S, Giese E, Dietz N, Lösche K, Fritsche J. Development and technofunctional-sensory characterization of virtually TFA free deep-frying fats for artisan bakery products. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Merkle
- Faculty of Life Sciences/Food Science; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Hamburg Germany
| | - Editha Giese
- Faculty of Life Sciences/Food Science; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Klaus Lösche
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven; Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Jan Fritsche
- Faculty of Life Sciences/Food Science; Hamburg University of Applied Sciences; Hamburg Germany
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products; Max Rubner-Institut; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food; Kiel Germany
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242
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Abstract
DHA is a key nutritional n-3 PUFA and needs to be supplied by the human diet. DHA is found in significant amounts in the retinal and neuronal cell membranes due to its high fluidity. Indeed, DHA is selectively concentrated in the synaptic and retinal membranes. DHA is deemed to display anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of CVD. Consumption of larger amounts of DHA appears to reduce the risk of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and mood disorders. Conversely, it has been shown that loss of DHA from the nerve cell membrane leads to dysfunction of the central nervous system in the form of anxiety, irritability, susceptibility to stress, dyslexia, impaired memory and cognitive functions, and extended reaction times. DHA plays an important role in ensuring a healthy ageing, by thwarting macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, and other brain disorders at the same time as enhancing memory and strengthening neuroprotection in general. A reduced level of DHA is associated with cognitive decline during ageing. Different mechanisms for this fundamental DHA role have been put forward. Namely, neuroprotectin D1, a DHA derivative, may support brain cell survival and repair through neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signalling. Many of the effects of DHA on the neurological system may be related to signalling connections, thus leading to the study of the related signalolipidomics. Therefore, the present review will focus on the influence of DHA deficiency upon ageing, with specific emphasis upon neurological disorders related to cognitive function and mental health.
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243
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The effects of dietary microalgae (Schizochytrium
spp.) and fish oil in layers on docosahexaenoic acid omega-3
enrichment of the eggs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryNutritional manipulation of diets for layers can help to naturally modify the
nutritional content of eggs. The objective of this study was to increase the
concentration of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the egg
yolk by feeding a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae compared to
one containing fish oil to layers. A total of 480 layers (Babcock B308) aged 28
weeks old were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates per
treatment. The layers were fed a control diet, a diet containing 4% crude
salmon oil, or microalgae (Schizochytrium spp.) at 1% or
2% in the diet for eight weeks. Feed intake and egg production were
recorded daily and egg quality tested every two weeks. There were no significant
differences between the control and treatment groups as regards feed intake, egg
production, egg weight, egg mass, albumin height, and Haugh unit of the eggs.
The egg samples were obtained at the start of the trial, four weeks and eight
weeks for the analysis of the fatty acid profile in the eggs. The DHA level in
the eggs from layers fed even 1% or 2% algae was higher (P
< 0.05) compared to the level from those fed with the control diet and
4% fish oil supplementation. The omega 6:3 ratio in eggs was
significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to the control diet and the
fish oil groups. Feeding 2% microalgae (Schizochytrium
spp.) in hen diet resulted in an increase in the DHA level (above
100 mg/egg) and a decrease in the omega 6:3 ratio to the optimal level. The
trial demonstrated that DHA concentration in eggs can be enriched through
nutritional management of layers by using algae supplementation in order to
provide more favourable fatty acids for consumers.
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244
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Salari F, Altomonte I, Ribeiro NL, Ribeiro MN, Bozzi R, Martini M. Effects of season on the quality of Garfagnina goat milk. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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245
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Vossen E, Raes K, Van Mullem D, De Smet S. Production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched loin and dry cured ham from pigs fed algae: Nutritional and sensory quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Els Vossen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringDepartment of Animal ProductionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Laboratory for Food Microbiology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringDepartment of Industrial Biological SciencesGhent University − Campus KortrijkKortrijkBelgium
| | | | - Stefaan De Smet
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product QualityFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringDepartment of Animal ProductionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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246
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Lipides et comportement alimentaire chez les enfants. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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247
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Dyson PA. Saturated fat and Type 2 diabetes: where do we stand? Diabet Med 2016; 33:1312-4. [PMID: 27352943 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Dyson
- University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK.
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248
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Leghi GE, Muhlhausler BS. The effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in the placenta and maternal plasma during pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:33-39. [PMID: 27720038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a state of heightened oxidative stress and inflammation, and these processes are further increased in pregnancy complications. The quality of the maternal diet is directly associated with maternal health and wellbeing, pregnancy and fetal outcomes, as well as the risk of pregnancy complications. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) have significant potential to modify placental and fetal lipid environments and thereby modulate health outcomes. The omega-3 (n-3) LCPUFA in particular have been shown to exhibit both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and have potential therapeutic applications in reducing oxidative damage and inflammation during pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of the impact of maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation during pregnancy, with a particular focus on effects on the mother and the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Leghi
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - B S Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia; Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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Nuez-Ortín WG, Carter CG, Wilson R, Cooke I, Nichols PD. Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161513. [PMID: 27556399 PMCID: PMC4996530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine oils are important to human nutrition as the major source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) that is low or lacking in terrestrial plant or animal oils. The inclusion of fish oil as main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquafeeds is mostly limited by the increasing price and decreasing availability. Fish oil replacement with cheaper terrestrial plant and animal oils has considerably reduced the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in flesh of farmed Atlantic salmon. Novel DHA-enriched oils with high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content will be available from transgenic oilseeds plants in the near future as an alternative for dietary fish oil replacement in aquafeeds. As a preliminary validation, we formulated an oil blend (TOFX) with high DHA and ALA content using tuna oil (TO) high in DHA and the flaxseed oil (FX) high in ALA, and assessed its ability to achieve fish oil-like n-3 LC-PUFA tissue composition in Atlantic salmon smolts. We applied proteomics as an exploratory approach to understand the effects of nutritional changes on the fish liver. Comparisons were made between fish fed a fish oil-based diet (FO) and a commercial-like oil blend diet (fish oil + poultry oil, FOPO) over 89 days. Growth and feed efficiency ratio were lower on the TOFX diet. Fish muscle concentration of n-3 LC-PUFA was significantly higher for TOFX than for FOPO fish, but not higher than for FO fish, while retention efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA was promoted by TOFX relative to FO. Proteomics analysis revealed an oxidative stress response indicative of the main adaptive physiological mechanism in TOFX fish. While specific dietary fatty acid concentrations and balances and antioxidant supplementation may need further attention, the use of an oil with a high content of DHA and ALA can enhance tissue deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA in relation to a commercially used oil blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris G. Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Bag 74, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter D. Nichols
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Food Nutrition and Bio-based Products, Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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250
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Forsyth S, Gautier S, Salem N. Estimated Dietary Intakes of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Infants and Young Children Living in Developing Countries. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016; 69:64-74. [PMID: 27538010 DOI: 10.1159/000448526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There are only few data on dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake in infants from developing countries, and current global recommendations on intake during early life may not reflect the needs of the world's most vulnerable infants. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of intake of ARA and DHA in infants and young children aged 6-36 months who live in developing countries. METHODS FAO Food Balance Sheets and fatty acid composition data from Australian food composition tables were utilized to generate mean per capita intake estimates for DHA and ARA in developing countries. The median daily intake of DHA and ARA in children age 6-36 months in each country was determined by combining the fatty acid composition of breast milk and complementary foods with the estimated intakes being weighted according to median duration of any breastfeeding. RESULTS The median daily dietary intake for ARA and DHA across 76 developing countries was 64.0 and 48.9 mg/day, respectively. The lowest complementary food intake of ARA and DHA was present in countries with the lowest gross national income and highest birth rates. CONCLUSION Global recommendations on ARA and DHA in early life need to reflect the specific needs of infants and families living in low income countries, and country-specific food policies should address gaps between recommended and achieved intakes.
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