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Astrocytic CD24 Protects Neuron from Recombinant High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein(rHMGB1)-Elicited Neuronal Injury. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091119. [PMID: 36138855 PMCID: PMC9497078 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous host-derived molecules named damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can induce excessive non-sterile inflammatory responses on recognition of specific membrane-tethered receptors. Here in this study, we aimed to explore the role of DAMP molecule HMGB1 in astrocyte-mediated sterile neuroinflammation and the resultant influences on neurons. In vitro cultured astrocytes were challenged with rHMGB1 and then harvested at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. The astrocytic CD24 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) binding activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the proinflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), were measured by qPCR. The neuronal morphology was assessed with phase-contrast microscopy. The results showed that astrocytic mRNA and protein CD24 expression began to rise at 24 h, peaked at 36 h, and remained elevated at 48 h after rHMGB1 stimulation, accompanied with enhanced NF-κB binding activity and augmented expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, rHMGB1 caused cocultured neuron damage and was aggregated upon CD24 knockdown. Taken together, these novel findings suggested that rHMGB1 could promote astrocytic CD24 expression, the inhibition of which could aggregate neuronal damage.
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202
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Murray TE, Richards CM, Robert-Gostlin VN, Bernath AK, Lindhout IA, Klegeris A. Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by astrocytes. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:80-101. [PMID: 35988785 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the main support cells of the central nervous system. They also participate in neuroimmune reactions. In response to pathological and immune stimuli, astrocytes transform to reactive states characterized by increased release of inflammatory mediators. Some of these molecules are neuroprotective and inflammation resolving while others, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 9, L-glutamate, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), are well-established toxins known to cause damage to surrounding cells and tissues. We hypothesized that similar to microglia, the brain immune cells, reactive astrocytes can release a broader set of diverse molecules that are potentially neurotoxic. A literature search was conducted to identify such molecules using the following two criteria: 1) evidence of their expression and secretion by astrocytes and 2) direct neurotoxic action. This review describes 14 structurally diverse molecules as less-established astrocyte neurotoxins, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL12/CXCL12(5-67), FS-7-associated surface antigen ligand (FasL), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)- 2α, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF), pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), cathepsin (Cat)B, group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), high mobility group box (HMGB)1, ceramides, and lipocalin (LCN)2. For some of these molecules, further studies are required to establish either their direct neurotoxic effects or the full spectrum of stimuli that induce their release by astrocytes. Only limited studies with human-derived astrocytes and neurons are available for most of these potential neurotoxins, which is a knowledge gap that should be addressed in the future. We also summarize available evidence of the role these molecules play in select neuropathologies where reactive astrocytes are a key feature. A comprehensive understanding of the full spectrum of neurotoxins released by reactive astrocytes is key to understanding neuroinflammatory diseases characterized by the adverse activation of these cells and may guide the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Murray
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Victoria N Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ivan A Lindhout
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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203
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Endothelial Dysfunction, HMGB1, and Dengue: An Enigma to Solve. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081765. [PMID: 36016387 PMCID: PMC9414358 DOI: 10.3390/v14081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral infection caused by dengue virus (DENV), which has a significant impact on public health worldwide. Although most infections are asymptomatic, a series of severe clinical manifestations such as hemorrhage and plasma leakage can occur during the severe presentation of the disease. This suggests that the virus or host immune response may affect the protective function of endothelial barriers, ultimately being considered the most relevant event in severe and fatal dengue pathogenesis. The mechanisms that induce these alterations are diverse. It has been suggested that the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction. This non-histone nuclear protein has different immunomodulatory activities and belongs to the alarmin group. High concentrations of HMGB1 have been detected in patients with several infectious diseases, including dengue, and it could be considered as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of dengue and a predictor of complications of the disease. This review summarizes the main features of dengue infection and describes the known causes associated with endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the involvement and possible relationship between HMGB1 and DENV.
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204
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Alcohol Induces Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Atrophy through HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081211. [PMID: 36013390 PMCID: PMC9410481 DOI: 10.3390/life12081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can cause alcoholic myopathy, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0.5% alcohol for eight weeks to investigate the effect of alcohol on skeletal muscle and its molecular mechanism. The results showed that the body length, body weight, cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle fibers, Ucrit, and MO2max of the zebrafish were significantly decreased after alcohol exposure. The expression of markers of skeletal muscle atrophy and autophagy was increased, and the expression of P62 was significantly reduced. The content of ROS, the mRNA expression of sod1 and sod2, and the protein expression of Nox2 were significantly increased. In addition, we found that the inflammatory factors Il1β and Tnfα were significantly enriched in skeletal muscle, and the expression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis was also significantly increased. In summary, in this study, we established a zebrafish model of alcohol-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and further elucidated its pathogenesis.
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205
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Yue Q, Song Y, Liu Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Li J. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE): A Pivotal Hub in Immune Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154922. [PMID: 35956875 PMCID: PMC9370360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a critical molecule in the onset and sustainment of inflammatory response, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has a variety of ligands, such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), S100/calcium granule protein, and high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Recently, an increasing number studies have shown that RAGE ligand binding can initiate the intracellular signal cascade, affect intracellular signal transduction, stimulate the release of cytokines, and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of immune-related diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, other RAGE signaling pathways can play crucial roles in life activities, such as inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, the strategy of targeted intervention in the RAGE signaling pathway may have significant therapeutic potential, attracting increasing attention. In this paper, through the systematic induction and analysis of RAGE-related signaling pathways and their regulatory mechanisms in immune-related diseases, we provide theoretical clues for the follow-up targeted intervention of RAGE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yue
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yu Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zi Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Higher Education Park, Wuhu 241002, China;
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jinlong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.S.); (Z.L.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0315-8805572
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206
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Guo X, Li Y, Wang W, Wang L, Hu S, Xiao X, Hu C, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li J, Ma X, Zeng J. The construction of preclinical evidence for the treatment of liver fibrosis with quercetin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3774-3791. [PMID: 35918855 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid, is widely found in fruits and vegetables and exerts broad-spectrum pharmacological effects in the liver. Many studies have explored the bioactivity of quercetin in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Hence, through a systematic review and biological mechanism evaluation, this study aimed to construct a body of preclinical evidence for the treatment of liver fibrosis using quercetin. The literature used in this study was mainly obtained from four databases, and the SYRCLE list (10 items) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. A meta-analysis of HA, LN, and other indicators was performed via STATA 15.0 software. Subgroup analyses based on animal species and model protocol were performed to further obtain detailed results. Moreover, the therapeutic mechanism of quercetin was summarized in a directed network form based on a comprehensive search of the literature. After screening, a total of 14 articles (comprising 15 studies) involving 254 animals were included. The results from the analysis showed that the corresponding liver function indexes, such as the levels of HA and LN, were significantly improved in the quercetin group compared with the model group, and liver function, such as the levels of AST and ALT, were also improved in the quercetin group. The species- and model-based subgroup analyses of AST and ALT revealed that quercetin exerts a significant effect. The therapeutic mechanism of quercetin was shown to be related to multiple pathways involving anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and lipid accumulation, including regulation of the TGF-β, α-SMA, ROS, and P-AMPK pathways. The results showed that quercetin exerts an obvious effect on liver fibrosis, and more prominent improvement effects on liver function and liver fibrosis indicators were obtained with a dose of 5-200 mg during a treatment course ranging from 4 to 8 weeks. Quercetin might be a promising therapeutic for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizheng Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Dai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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207
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Liu M, Zhou J, Yin R, Yin H, Ding Y, Ma F, Qian L. The HMGB1 (C106A) mutation inhibits IL-10-producing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cell expansion by suppressing STAT3 activation in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975551. [PMID: 35983056 PMCID: PMC9378787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells have important roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. A newly discovered subpopulation of B cells with a CD19hiFcγRIIbhi phenotype inhibits the proliferation of CD4+ T cells by secreting interleukin (IL)-10. The expansion of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells in mouse spleen can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation. However, the mechanism of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cell expansion and its role in inflammatory diseases are unclear. Here, we report that, under inflammatory conditions, the proliferation and immunosuppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells were decreased in high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) C106A mutant mice, compared with wild-type mice. The HMGB1 (C106A) mutation in B cells reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, restricting the expansion and suppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells. Compared with CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells from wild-type mice, CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells from Hmgb1(C106A) mice significantly reduced the survival of mice with sepsis. Recombinant HMGB1 promoted the expansion of IL-10-producing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells among LPS-activated B cells in vitro. Furthermore, the percentage of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood was increased in patients with sepsis, compared with healthy controls. These findings implicate the role of HMGB1 in the expansion and immunosuppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qian, ; Feng Ma,
| | - Li Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qian, ; Feng Ma,
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208
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Suriguga S, Li M, Luangmonkong T, Boersema M, de Jong KP, Oosterhuis D, Gorter AR, Beljaars L, Olinga P. Distinct responses between healthy and cirrhotic human livers upon lipopolysaccharide challenge: possible implications for acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G114-G125. [PMID: 35727919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00243.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are at risk of developing acute hepatic decompensation and organ failures with an unraveled complex mechanism. An altered immune response toward insults in cirrhotic compared with healthy livers may contribute to the ACLF development. Therefore, we aim to investigate the differences in inflammatory responses between cirrhotic and healthy livers using human precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) upon the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. PCLSs prepared from livers of patients with cirrhosis or healthy donors of liver transplantation were incubated ex vivo with or without LPS for up to 48 h. Viability test, qRT-PCR, and multiplex cytokine assay were performed. Regulation of the LPS receptors during incubation or with LPS challenge differed between healthy versus cirrhotic PCLSs. LPS upregulated TLR-2 in healthy PCLSs solely (P < 0.01). Culturing for 48 h induced a stronger inflammatory response in the cirrhotic than healthy PCLS. Upon LPS stimulation, cirrhotic PCLSs secreted more proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, eotaxin, and VEGF) significantly and less anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ra) than those of healthy. In summary, cirrhotic PCLSs released more proinflammatory and less anti-inflammatory cytokines after LPS stimuli than healthy, leading to dysregulated inflammatory response. These events could possibly resemble the liver immune response in ACLF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) model provides a unique platform to investigate the different immune responses of healthy versus cirrhotic livers in humans. Our data show that cirrhotic PCLSs exhibit excessive inflammatory response accompanied by a lower anti-inflammatory cytokine release in response to LPS; a better understanding of this alteration may guide the novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate the excessive inflammation during the onset of acute-on-chronic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Suriguga
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koert P de Jong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A R Gorter
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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209
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Wienkamp AK, Erpenbeck L, Rossaint J. Platelets in the NETworks interweaving inflammation and thrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953129. [PMID: 35979369 PMCID: PMC9376363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are well characterized for their indispensable role in primary hemostasis to control hemorrhage. Research over the past years has provided a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that platelets also participate in host innate immunity. The surface expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR2 and TLR4, provides platelets with the ability to sense bacterial products in their environment. Platelet α-granules contain microbicidal proteins, chemokines and growth factors, which upon release may directly engage pathogens and/or contribute to inflammatory signaling. Additionally, platelet interactions with neutrophils enhance neutrophil activation and are often crucial to induce a sufficient immune response. In particular, platelets can activate neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This specific neutrophil effector function is characterized by neutrophils expelling chromatin fibres decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins into the extracellular space where they serve to trap and kill pathogens. Until now, the mechanisms and signaling pathways between platelets and neutrophils inducing NET formation are still not fully characterized. NETs were also detected in thrombotic lesions in several disease backgrounds, pointing towards a role as an interface between neutrophils, platelets and thrombosis, also known as immunothrombosis. The negatively charged DNA within NETs provides a procoagulant surface, and in particular NET-derived proteins may directly activate platelets. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of immunothrombosis has become more relevant than ever, as a majority of COVID-19 patients display thrombi in the lung capillaries and other vascular beds. Furthermore, NETs can be found in the lung and other tissues and are associated with an increased mortality. Here, virus infiltration may lead to a cytokine storm that potently activates neutrophils and leads to massive neutrophil infiltration into the lung and NET formation. The resulting NETs presumably activate platelets and coagulation factors, further contributing to the subsequent emergence of microthrombi in pulmonary capillaries. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between platelets and NETs and the potential of this alliance to influence the course of inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the identification of treatment targets is of utmost importance to increase patients’ survival and improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Wienkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan Rossaint,
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210
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Pham K, Frost S, Parikh K, Puvvula N, Oeung B, Heinrich EC. Inflammatory gene expression during acute high‐altitude exposure. J Physiol 2022; 600:4169-4186. [PMID: 35875936 PMCID: PMC9481729 DOI: 10.1113/jp282772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The molecular signalling pathways that regulate inflammation and the response to hypoxia share significant crosstalk and appear to play major roles in high‐altitude acclimatization and adaptation. Several studies demonstrate increases in circulating candidate inflammatory markers during acute high‐altitude exposure, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of how inflammation and immune function change at high altitude and whether these responses contribute to high‐altitude pathologies, such as acute mountain sickness. To address this, we took an unbiased transcriptomic approach, including RNA sequencing and direct digital mRNA detection with NanoString, to identify changes in the inflammatory profile of peripheral blood throughout 3 days of high‐altitude acclimatization in healthy sea‐level residents (n = 15; five women). Several inflammation‐related genes were upregulated on the first day of high‐altitude exposure, including a large increase in HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. Differentially expressed genes on the first and third days of acclimatization were enriched for several inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor‐κB and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling. Indeed, both TLR4 and LY96, which encodes the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (MD‐2), were upregulated at high altitude. Finally, FASLG and SMAD7 were associated with acute mountain sickness scores and peripheral oxygen saturation levels on the first day at high altitude, suggesting a potential role of immune regulation in response to high‐altitude hypoxia. These results indicate that acute high‐altitude exposure upregulates inflammatory signalling pathways and might sensitize the TLR4 signalling pathway to subsequent inflammatory stimuli.
![]() Key points Inflammation plays a crucial role in the physiological response to hypoxia. High‐altitude hypoxia exposure causes alterations in the inflammatory profile that might play an adaptive or maladaptive role in acclimatization. In this study, we characterized changes in the inflammatory profile following acute high‐altitude exposure. We report upregulation of novel inflammation‐related genes in the first 3 days of high‐altitude exposure, which might play a role in immune system sensitization. These results provide insight into how hypoxia‐induced inflammation might contribute to high‐altitude pathologies and exacerbate inflammatory responses in critical illnesses associated with hypoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Pham
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
| | - Shyleen Frost
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
| | - Keval Parikh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
| | - Nikhil Puvvula
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
| | - Britney Oeung
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine University of California Riverside Riverside CA USA
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211
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Sun T, Zhang X, Hou C, Yu S, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Kong L, Liu C, Feng L, Wang D, Ni G. Cold Plasma Irradiation Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis via Enhancing HIF-1α-Induced MANF Transcription Expression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941219. [PMID: 35911675 PMCID: PMC9329666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has been widely applied in medical treatment clinically, especially skin diseases. However, the mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma on the treatment of skin diseases is still undefined. In this study, dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis mice model was constructed. Cold atmospheric plasma was able to decrease skin cells apoptosis, relieve skin inflammation, ER stress and oxidative stress caused by dinitrofluorobenzene stimulation, which was mediated by cold atmospheric plasma-induced MANF expression. In terms of mechanism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression was increased intracellularly after cold atmospheric plasma treatment, which further bound to the promoter region of manf gene and enhanced MANF transcriptional expression. This study reveals that cold atmospheric plasma has a positive effect on atopic dermatitis treatment, also demonstrates the regulatory mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma on MANF expression via HIF-1α, which indicates the potential medical application of cold atmospheric plasma for atopic dermatitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shujun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Kong
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guohua Ni, ; Dong Wang, ; Lijie Feng,
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guohua Ni, ; Dong Wang, ; Lijie Feng,
| | - Guohua Ni
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Guohua Ni, ; Dong Wang, ; Lijie Feng,
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212
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Zhang F, Qi H, Mo W, Ni Y, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Jiang S, Tang Q, Cheng Y, Xiao X, Zhang Y. Low Surface Accessible Area NanoCoral TiO 2 for the Reduction of Foreign Body Reaction During Implantation. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200382. [PMID: 35543500 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The entry of implants triggers the secretion of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that recruit dendritic cells (DCs) and results in subsequent foreign body reaction (FBR). Though several studies have illustrated that the surface accessible area (SAA) of implants plays a key role in the process of DAMPs release and absorption, the effect of SAA on the immune reaction still remains unknown. Here, a series of TiO2 plates with different SAA is fabricated to investigate the relationship between SAA and FBR. Compared with larger SAA surface, the aggregation of DC is significantly inhibited by lower SAA surface. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation show that although high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is adsorbed more on plates with lower SAA, the exposure ratio of cysteine (CYS) residue in HMGB1 is significantly decreased in lower SAA group. The lower exposure of CYS reduces the activation of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), which down-regulates the expression of myeloid differentiation factor (Myd88)-TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Generally, this study reveals the mechanism of how SAA, a nanoscale property, affects FBR from perspective of DAMPs, and provides a new direction for designing better biocompatible implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haoning Qi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Mo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yueqi Ni
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qinchao Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yihong Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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213
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Gao J, Xia Z, Vohidova D, Joseph J, Luo JN, Joshi N. Progress in non-viral localized delivery of siRNA therapeutics for pulmonary diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1400-1428. [PMID: 37139423 PMCID: PMC10150162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapies based on localized delivery of siRNA to lungs have opened up exciting possibilities for treatment of different lung diseases. Localized delivery of siRNA to lungs has shown to result in severalfold higher lung accumulation than systemic route, while minimizing non-specific distribution in other organs. However, to date, only 2 clinical trials have explored localized delivery of siRNA for pulmonary diseases. Here we systematically reviewed recent advances in the field of pulmonary delivery of siRNA using non-viral approaches. We firstly introduce the routes of local administration and analyze the anatomical and physiological barriers towards effective local delivery of siRNA in lungs. We then discuss current progress in pulmonary delivery of siRNA for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, list outstanding questions, and highlight directions for future research. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current advances in pulmonary delivery of siRNA.
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214
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Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives of baicalin and baicalein on pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113191. [PMID: 35643068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic and fatal disease, for which new therapeutic drugs and approaches are needed urgently. Baicalein and baicalin, the active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Numerous studies involving in vitro and in vivo models of PH have revealed that the treatment with baicalin and baicalein may be effective. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of baicalin and baicalein treatment on PH, including anti-inflammatory response, inhibition of pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, stabilization of the extracellular matrix, and mitigation of oxidative stress. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds have also been reviewed. The therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein warrants their continued study as natural treatments for PH.
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215
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Zhang T, Lin C, Wu S, Jin S, Li X, Peng Y, Wang X. ACT001 Inhibits TLR4 Signaling by Targeting Co-Receptor MD2 and Attenuates Neuropathic Pain. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873054. [PMID: 35757727 PMCID: PMC9218074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a common and challenging neurological disease, which renders an unmet need for safe and effective new therapies. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on immune cells in the central nervous system arises as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain. In this study, ACT001, an orphan drug currently in clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma, was identified as a TLR4 antagonist. In vitro quenching titrations of intrinsic protein fluorescence and saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR showed the direct binding of ACT001 to TLR4 co-receptor MD2. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) showed that ACT001 binding affected the MD2 stability, which implies that MD2 is the endogenous target of ACT001. In silico simulations showed that ACT001 binding decreased the percentage of hydrophobic area in the buried solvent-accessible surface areas (SASA) of MD2 and rendered most regions of MD2 to be more flexible, which is consistent with experimental data that ACT001 binding decreased MD2 stability. In keeping with targeting MD2, ACT001 was found to restrain the formation of TLR4/MD2/MyD88 complex and the activation of TLR4 signaling axes of NF-κB and MAPKs, therefore blocking LPS-induced TLR4 signaling downstream pro-inflammatory factors NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, systemic administration of ACT001 attenuated allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury and activation of microglia and astrocyte in vivo. Given the well-established role of neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain, these data imply that ACT001 could be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Siru Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Beijing Changping Huayou Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
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216
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Rex DAB, Keshava Prasad TS, Kandasamy RK. Revisiting Regulated Cell Death Responses in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137023. [PMID: 35806033 PMCID: PMC9266763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of a viral infection in the host begins with various types of cellular responses, such as abortive, productive, latent, and destructive infections. Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are the three major types of regulated cell death mechanisms that play critical roles in viral infection response. Cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, bleb formation, and retained membrane integrity are all signs of osmotic imbalance-driven cytoplasmic swelling and early membrane damage in necroptosis and pyroptosis. Caspase-driven apoptotic cell demise is considered in many circumstances as an anti-inflammatory, and some pathogens hijack the cell death signaling routes to initiate a targeted attack against the host. In this review, the selected mechanisms by which viruses interfere with cell death were discussed in-depth and were illustrated by compiling the general principles and cellular signaling mechanisms of virus–host-specific molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (T.S.K.P.); (R.K.K.)
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217
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Li YY, Feng YP, Liu L, Ke J, Long X. Inhibition of HMGB1 suppresses inflammation and catabolism in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis <em>via</em> NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35726537 PMCID: PMC9251613 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a highly conserved nuclear protein that is rapidly released into the extracellular environment during infection or tissue damage. In osteoarthritis, HMGB1 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine inducing a positive feedback loop for synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation. The aim of this study was to explore the role of HMGB1 in inflammation and catabolism of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) and whether inhibition of HMGB1 affects TMJOA. Human synovial fibroblasts were incubated with HMGB1, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and catabolic mediators were measured by Western blot and ELISA. NF-κB signaling pathway involvement was studied by the NF-κB inhibitor and detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. TMJOA was induced by an injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into anterosuperior compartment of rat’s joint. An anti-HMGB1 antibody was used to assess the effect to HMGB1 in the synovium and cartilage of the CFA-induced TMJOA rats by hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O, Masson trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. HMGB1 markedly increased the production of MMP13, ADAMTS5, IL-1β and IL-6 through activating NF-κB signaling pathway in human synovial fibroblasts. In vivo, application of the HMGB1 neutralizing antibody effectively ameliorated the detrimental extent of TMJOA. Furthermore, the HMGB1 neutralizing antibody reduced the expression of NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines and catabolic mediators in the synovium and cartilage of CFA-induced TMJOA rats. HMGB1 inhibition alleviates TMJOA by reducing synovial inflammation and cartilage catabolism possibly through suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway and may become a therapeutic method against TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
| | - Ya Ping Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology Kunming Medical University, Kunming.
| | - Jin Ke
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
| | - Xing Long
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University.
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218
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Zhang L, Li S, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Gut Microbes Regulate Innate Immunity and Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:870197. [PMID: 35720723 PMCID: PMC9198293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.870197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disease. There are many clinical methods to control epileptic seizures, such as anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or surgical removal of epileptogenic lesions. However, the pathophysiology of epilepsy is still unknown, making it difficult to control or prevent it. The host’s immune system monitors gut microbes, interacts with microbes through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, and activates immune responses in the body to kill pathogens and balance the relationship between microbes and host. In addition, inflammatory responses induced by the innate immune system are seen in animal models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy brain tissue to combat pathogens or injuries. This review summarizes the potential relationship between gut microbes, innate immunity, and epilepsy based on recent research to provide more hints for researchers to explore this field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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219
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Wang S, Guan YG, Zhu YH, Wang MZ. Role of high mobility group box protein 1 in depression: A mechanistic and therapeutic perspective. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:779-786. [PMID: 35978968 PMCID: PMC9258272 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i6.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common and serious psychiatric disorder, depression significantly affects psychosocial functioning and quality of life. However, the mechanism of depression is still enigmatic and perplexing, which limits its precise and effective therapeutic methods. Recent studies demonstrated that neuroinflammation activation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. In this respect, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) may be a possible signaling inducer of neuroinflammation and can be a potential mechanistic and therapeutic target for depression. Herein, we review recent studies on the mechanistic and therapeutic targets of HMGB1 in depression and propose potential perspectives on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yu-Guang Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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220
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Xie D, Hu J, Wu T, Xu W, Meng Q, Cao K, Luo X. Effects of Flavonoid Supplementation on Nanomaterial-Induced Toxicity: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Animal Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929343. [PMID: 35774549 PMCID: PMC9237539 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNanomaterials, widely applied in various fields, are reported to have toxic effects on human beings; thus, preventive or therapeutic measures are urgently needed. Given the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, supplementation with flavonoids that are abundant in the human diet has been suggested as a potential strategy to protect against nanomaterial-induced toxicities. However, the beneficial effects of flavonoids remain inconclusive. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively explore the roles and mechanisms of flavonoids for animals intoxicated with nanomaterials.MethodsA systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to April 2022. STATA 15.0 software was used for meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 26 studies were identified. The results showed that flavonoid supplementation could significantly increase the levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase), reduce the production of oxidative agents (malonaldehyde) and pro-inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, IL-1β, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor, and myeloperoxidase), and alleviate cell apoptosis (manifested by decreases in the mRNA expression levels of pro-apoptotic factors, such as caspase-3, Fas cell surface death receptor, and Bax, and increases in the mRNA expression levels of Bcl2), DNA damage (reductions in tail length and tail DNA%), and nanomaterial-induced injuries of the liver (reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities), kidney (reduced urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid concentration), testis (increased testosterone, sperm motility, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type, and reduced sperm abnormalities), and brain (enhanced acetylcholinesterase activities). Most of the results were not changed by subgroup analyses.ConclusionOur findings suggest that appropriate supplementation of flavonoids may be effective to prevent the occupational detriments resulting from nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianchen Hu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Shanghai Jing Rui Yang Industrial Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shanghai Nutri-woods Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Shanghai Pechoin Daily Chemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Luo,
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221
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Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals That HMGB1 Induces Macrophage Polarization Different from Classical M1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060779. [PMID: 35740904 PMCID: PMC9221381 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and functions in response to their local microenvironment. In different conditions, macrophage polarization can be induced by high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA-binding protein that activates innate immunity via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4. This study investigated the phenotypes of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with different HMGB1 redox isoforms using bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Disulfide HMGB1 (dsHMGB1)-stimulated BMDMs showed a similar but distinct transcriptomic profile to LPS/IFNγ- and LPS-stimulated BMDMs. Fully reduced HMGB1 (frHMGB1) did not induce any significant transcriptomic change. Interestingly, compared to LPS/IFNγ- and LPS-, dsHMGB1-stimulated BMDMs showed lipid metabolism and foam cell differentiation gene set enrichment, and oil red O staining revealed that both dsHMGB1 and frHMGB1 alleviated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced foam cells formation. Overall, this work, for the first time, used transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq to investigate the impact of HMGB1 stimulation on BMDM polarization. Our results demonstrated that dsHMGB1 and frHMGB1 induced distinct BMDM polarization phenotypes compared to LPS/IFNγ- and LPS- induced phenotypes.
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222
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alkazmi L, Habotta OA, Batiha GES. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in COVID-19: extrapolation of dangerous liaisons. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:811-820. [PMID: 35471628 PMCID: PMC9040700 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional nuclear protein, exists mainly within the nucleus of all mammal eukaryotic cells. It is actively secreted by the necrotic cells as a response to the inflammatory signaling pathway. HMGB1 binds to receptor ligands as RAGE, and TLR and becomes a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a robust capacity to trigger inflammatory response. It is a critical mediator of the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation in numerous inflammatory disorders. Release of HMGB1 is associated with different viral infections and strongly participates in the regulation of viral replication cycles. In COVID-19 era, high HMGB1 serum levels were observed in COVID-19 patients and linked with the disease severity, development of cytokine storm (CS), acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2-induced cytolytic effect may encourage release of HMGB1 due to nuclear damage. Besides, HMGB1 activates release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells and up-regulation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Therefore, targeting of the HMGB1 pathway by anti-HMGB1 agents, such as heparin, resveratrol and metformin, may decrease COVID-19 severity. HMGB1 signaling pathway has noteworthy role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and linked with development of ALI and ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Different endogenous and exogenous agents may affect release and activation of HMGB1 pathway. Targeting of HMGB1-mediated TLR2/TLR4, RAGE and MAPK signaling, might be a new promising drug candidate against development of ALI and/or ARDS in severely affected COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132, Iraq
| | - Luay Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Liu D, Zhang Q, Luo P, Gu L, Shen S, Tang H, Zhang Y, Lyu M, Shi Q, Yang C, Wang J. Neuroprotective Effects of Celastrol in Neurodegenerative Diseases-Unscramble Its Major Mechanisms of Action and Targets. Aging Dis 2022; 13:815-836. [PMID: 35656110 PMCID: PMC9116906 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are rarely new therapeutic breakthroughs present for neurodegenerative diseases in the last decades. Thus, new effective drugs are urgently needed for millions of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is one of the main active ingredients isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. that has multiple biological activities. Recently, amount evidence indicates that celastrol exerts neuroprotective effects and holds therapeutic potential to serve as a novel agent for neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the therapeutic efficacy and major regulatory mechanisms of celastrol to rescue damaged neurons, restore normal cognitive and sensory motor functions in neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, we highlight recent progress regarding identification of the drug targets of celastrol by using advanced quantitative chemical proteomics technology. Overall, this review provides novel insights into the pharmacological activities and therapeutic potential of celastrol for incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,2Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,2Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Piao Luo
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,2Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Shen
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Tang
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoli Shi
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- 3Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- 1Artemisinin research center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,2Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,3Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,4Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Evidence showing lipotoxicity worsens outcomes in covid-19 patients and insights about the underlying mechanisms. iScience 2022; 25:104322. [PMID: 35502320 PMCID: PMC9045865 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared three hospitalized patient cohorts and conducted mechanistic studies to determine if lipotoxicity worsens COVID-19. Cohort-1 (n = 30) compared COVID-19 patients dismissed home to those requiring intensive-care unit (ICU) transfer. Cohort-2 (n = 116) compared critically ill ICU patients with and without COVID-19. Cohort-3 (n = 3969) studied hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia’s impact on COVID-19 mortality. Patients requiring ICU transfer had higher serum albumin unbound linoleic acid (LA). Unbound fatty acids and LA were elevated in ICU transfers, COVID-19 ICU patients and ICU non-survivors. COVID-19 ICU patients (cohort-2) had greater serum lipase, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, organ failure and thrombotic events. Hypocalcemia and hypoalbuminemia independently associated with COVID-19 mortality in cohort-3. Experimentally, LA reacted with albumin, calcium and induced hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia in mice. Endothelial cells took up unbound LA, which depolarized their mitochondria. In mice, unbound LA increased DAMPs, cytokines, causing endothelial injury, organ failure and thrombosis. Therefore, excessive unbound LA in the circulation may worsen COVID-19 outcomes. Three cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different severities were studied Severe COVID-19 increased serum linoleic acid (LA) and unbound fatty acid levels Endothelial cell uptake of unbound LA dose-dependently depolarized mitochondria Unbound LA increased cytokines, endothelial injury, organ failure and thrombosis
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225
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Song W, Zhu R, Gao W, Xing C, Yang L. Blue Light Induces RPE Cell Necroptosis, Which Can Be Inhibited by Minocycline. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:831463. [PMID: 35559340 PMCID: PMC9086715 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.831463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Damage to and death of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are closely related to retinal degeneration. Blue light is a high-energy light that causes RPE damage and triggers inflammatory responses. This study investigates whether blue light induces RPE necroptosis, explores pharmacologic therapy and specific mechanisms, and provides hints for research on retinal degeneration. Methods The human RPE cell line ARPE-19 was cultured and subjected to blue light insult in vitro. Annexin V/PI was used to evaluate RPE survival. Minocycline was applied to inhibit the death of RPE. Proteomic measurement was used to analyze protein expression. Inhibitors of necroptosis and apoptosis were applied to assess the death mode. Immunofluorescence of protein markers was detected to analyze the mechanism of cell death. Subcellular structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by DCFH-DA. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was detected by JC-1. BALB/c mice received bule light exposure, and RPE flatmounts were stained for verification in vivo. Results Blue light illumination induced RPE death, and minocycline significantly diminished RPE death. Proteomic measurement showed that minocycline effectively mitigated protein hydrolysis and protein synthesis disorders. Necroptosis inhibitors (Nec-1s, GSK-872) increased the survival of RPE cells, but apoptosis inhibitors (Z-VAD-FMK) did not. After blue light illumination, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) was released from the nucleus, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) aggregated, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) increased in the RPE. The application of minocycline alleviated the above phenomena. After blue light illumination, RPE cells exhibited necrotic characteristics accompanied by destruction of cell membranes and vacuole formation, but nuclear membranes remained intact. Minocycline improved the morphology of RPE. Blue light increased ROS and decreased Δψm of RPE, minocycline did not reduce ROS but kept Δψm stable. In vivo, HMGB1 release and RIPK3 aggregation appeared in the RPE of BALB/c mice after blue light illumination, and minocycline alleviated this effect. Conclusions Blue light exposure causes RPE necroptosis. Minocycline reduces the death of RPE by keeping Δψm stable, inhibiting necroptosis, and preventing HMGB1 release. These results provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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226
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Jankauskaite L, Malinauskas M, Mickeviciute GC. HMGB1: A Potential Target of Nervus Vagus Stimulation in Pediatric SARS-CoV-2-Induced ALI/ARDS. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:884539. [PMID: 35633962 PMCID: PMC9132499 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.884539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
From the start of pandemics, children were described as the ones who were less affected by SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19, which was mild in most of the cases. However, with the growing vaccination rate of the adult population, children became more exposed to the virus and more cases of severe SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS are being diagnosed with the disabling consequences or lethal outcomes associated with the cytokine storm. Thus, we do hypothesize that some of the children could benefit from nervus vagus stimulation during COVID-19 ARDS through the inhibition of HMGB1 release and interaction with the receptor, resulting in decreased neutrophil accumulation, oxidative stress, and coagulopathy as well as lung vascular permeability. Moreover, stimulation through alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors could boost macrophage phagocytosis and increase the clearance of DAMPs and PAMPs. Further rise of FGF10 could contribute to lung stem cell proliferation and potential regeneration of the injured lung. However, this stimulation should be very specific, timely, and of proper duration, as it could lead to such adverse effects as increased viral spread and systemic infection, especially in small children or infants due to specific pediatric immunity state and anatomical features of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Pediatric Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Malinauskas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Goda-Camille Mickeviciute
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Pediatric Department, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Rehabilitation Center “Palangos Linas”, Palanga, Lithuania
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227
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Dong Y, Ming B, Dong L. The Role of HMGB1 in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815257. [PMID: 35250993 PMCID: PMC8892237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein, is widely expressed in mammalian cells. HMGB1 in the nucleus binds to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to regulate the structure of chromosomes and maintain the transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is actively or passively released into the extracellular region during cells activation or necrosis. Extracellular HMGB1 as an alarmin can initiate immune response alone or combined with other substances such as nucleic acid to participate in multiple biological processes. It has been reported that HMGB1 is involved in various inflammatory responses and autoimmunity. This review article summarizes the physiological function of HMGB1, the post-translational modification of HMGB1, its interaction with different receptors, and its recent advances in rheumatic diseases and strategies for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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228
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Feldtmann R, Kümmel A, Chamling B, Strohbach A, Lehnert K, Gross S, Loerzer L, Riad A, Lindner D, Westermann D, Fielitz J, Dörr M, Felix SB. Myeloid differentiation factor-2 activates monocytes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Immunology 2022; 167:40-53. [PMID: 35502635 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), a co-receptor of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), independently predict mortality in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We tested whether monocyte-activation by MD-2 contributes to immune activation and inflammatory status in DCM patients. We found increased MD-2 plasma-levels in 25 patients with recent-onset DCM (1,250±80.7 ng/ml) compared to 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (793.4±52.0 ng/ml; p<0.001). Monocytes isolated from DCM-patients showed a higher expression (141.7±12.4 %; p=0.006 vs. controls) of the MD-2 encoding gene, LY96, and an increased NF-κB-activation. Further, the TLR4-activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused a higher increase in interleukin (IL)-6 in monocytes from DCM-patients compared to controls (mean fluorescence intensity: 938.7±151.0 vs. 466.9±51.1; p=0.005). MD-2 increased IL-6 secretion in a TLR4/NF-κB-dependent manner in monocyte-like THP-1-cells as demonstrated by TLR4-siRNA and NF-κB-inhibition. Since endothelial cells (ECs) are responsible for recruiting monocytes to the site of inflammation, ECs were treated with MD-2 leading to an activation of Akt and increased secretion of monocyte-chemoattractant-protein-1 (MCP-1). Activation of ECs by MD-2 was accompanied by an increased expression of the adhesion-molecules CD54, CD106, and CD62E, resulting in an increased monocyte-recruitment, which was attenuated by CD54-inhibition. In addition, in murine WT but not LY96-KO bone marrow-derived macrophages LPS increased the amount of CD54 and CD49d/CD29. MD-2 facilitates a pro-inflammatory status of monocytes and EC-mediated monocyte-recruitment via TLR4/NF-κB. Elevated MD-2 plasma-levels are possibly involved in monocyte-related inflammation promoting disease-progression in DCM. Our results suggest that MD-2 contributes to increasing monocytic inflammatory activity and triggers recruitment of monocytes to ECs in DCM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Feldtmann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Kümmel
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bishwas Chamling
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Strohbach
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lisa Loerzer
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Riad
- DRK-Krankenhaus Teterow gGMBH, Internal Medicine, Teterow, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany
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229
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Mohammad G, Kowluru RA. Involvement of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Optic Nerve Damage in Diabetes. Eye Brain 2022; 14:59-69. [PMID: 35586662 PMCID: PMC9109986 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s352730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic patients routinely have high levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in their plasma, vitreous and ocular membranes, which is strongly correlated with subclinical chronic inflammation in the eye. Our previous work has suggested that high HMGB1 in diabetes plays a role in retinal inflammation and angiogenesis, but its role in the optic nerve damage is unclear. Therefore, our goal is to examine the role of HMGB1 in optic nerve damage in diabetes. Methods Gene expression of HMGB1 was quantified in the optic nerve from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by qRT-PCR, and their protein expressions by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Using immunohistochemical technique, expression of reactive astrogliosis (indicator of neuroinflammation) and nerve demyelination/damage were determined by quantifying glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP), respectively. The role of HMGB1 in the optic nerve damage and alteration visual pathways was confirmed in mice receiving glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor. Similar parameters were measured in the optic nerve from human donors with diabetes. Results Compared to normal mice, diabetic mice exhibited increased levels of HMGB1, higher GFAP expression, and decreased MBP in the optic nerve. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that diabetes induced increased HMGB1 immunoreactivities were significantly colocalized with GFAP in the optic nerve. Glycyrrhizin supplementation effectively reduced HMGB1 and maintained normal axonal myelination and visual conduction. Results from mice optic nerve confirmed the results obtained from human donors with diabetes. Discussions Thus, diabetes-induced HMGB1 upregulation promotes optic nerve demyelination and inflammation. The regulation of HMGB1 activation has potential to protect optic nerve damage and the abnormalities of visual pathways in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Correspondence: Ghulam Mohammad, Tel +1 313-577-0744, Email
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Sekino N, Selim M, Shehadah A. Sepsis-associated brain injury: underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:101. [PMID: 35488237 PMCID: PMC9051822 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis causes cerebral dysfunction in the short and long term and induces disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion, and accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain. White matter changes and brain atrophy can be detected using brain imaging, but unfortunately, there is no specific treatment that directly addresses the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairments in sepsis. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of sepsis-associated brain injury, with a focus on BBB dysfunction and Aβ and tau protein accumulation in the brain. We also describe the neurological manifestations and imaging findings of sepsis-associated brain injury, and finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments associated with sepsis. In the acute phase of sepsis, we suggest using antibiotics (such as rifampicin), targeting proinflammatory cytokines, and preventing ischemic injuries and hypoperfusion. In the late phase of sepsis, we suggest targeting neuroinflammation, BBB dysfunction, Aβ and tau protein phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). These proposed strategies are meant to bring new mechanism-based directions for future basic and clinical research aimed at preventing or ameliorating acute and long-term cognitive impairments in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobufumi Sekino
- Department of Medicine, Translational Therapeutics Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS-641, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amjad Shehadah
- Department of Neurology, Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS-641, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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231
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Hong J, Zhang M, He Y, Jin Y, He Q, Zhang Y, Shi X, Tian W, Wen C, Chen J. Qinghao-Biejia Herb Pair Alleviates Pristane-Induced Lupus-Like Disease and Associated Renal and Aortic Lesions in ApoE−/− Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897669. [PMID: 35571092 PMCID: PMC9100684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple systems with a high prevalence of nephritis and atherosclerosis. Jieduquyuziyin prescription is a famous prescription with immune modulating and inflammation controlling effects, which is efficacious in the treatment of SLE. The most critical herbs in this prescription are Qinghao and Biejia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Qinghao-Biejia herb hair (QB) on mice with SLE combined with atherosclerosis.Materials and Methods: The effect of QB (identification using UPLC-TOF-MS) was assessed in female ApoE−/− mice intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml of pristane. Serum autoantibodies and lipid metabolic parameters were tested every 4 weeks, and spleen index, serum inflammatory biomarkers, renal injury, and aortic injury were observed after 16 weeks. The expression of signaling pathway in kidney tissues was observed by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results: The mice of QB-treated group exhibited a significant reduced serum autoantibodies level, urine protein, and renal immune complex deposition. QB treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved the renal pathological changes. In addition, there was a reduction in aortic atheromatous plaque and some improvement in dyslipidemia. Moreover, QB suppressed the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and MyD88 to some extent.Conclusion: The present study implied that QB has clear efficacy for the treatment of SLE combined with atherosclerosis, and that inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway may be one of the therapeutic targets of QB for SLE combined with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Tian
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Chen, ; Chengping Wen,
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Chen, ; Chengping Wen,
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232
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Gaboriaud C, Lorvellec M, Rossi V, Dumestre-Pérard C, Thielens NM. Complement System and Alarmin HMGB1 Crosstalk: For Better or Worse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869720. [PMID: 35572583 PMCID: PMC9095977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our immune system responds to infectious (PAMPs) and tissue damage (DAMPs) signals. The complement system and alarmin High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) are two powerful soluble actors of human host defense and immune surveillance. These systems involve molecular cascades and amplification loops for their signaling or activation. Initially activated as alarm raising systems, their function can be finally switched towards inflammation resolution, where they sustain immune maturation and orchestrate repair mechanisms, opening the way back to homeostasis. However, when getting out of control, these defense systems can become deleterious and trigger serious cellular and tissue damage. Therefore, they can be considered as double-edged swords. The close interaction between the complement and HMGB1 pathways is described here, as well as their traditional and non-canonical roles, their functioning at different locations and their independent and collective impact in different systems both in health and disease. Starting from these systems and interplay at the molecular level (when elucidated), we then provide disease examples to better illustrate the signs and consequences of their roles and interaction, highlighting their importance and possible vicious circles in alarm raising and inflammation, both individually or in combination. Although this integrated view may open new therapeutic strategies, future challenges have to be faced because of the remaining unknowns regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the fragile molecular balance which can drift towards disease or return to homeostasis, as briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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233
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Saurin S, Meineck M, Erkel G, Opatz T, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Drug Candidates for Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:503. [PMID: 35631330 PMCID: PMC9143092 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the immunosuppressive drugs used in the clinic to prevent organ rejection or to treat autoimmune disorders were originally isolated from fungi or bacteria. Therefore, in addition to plants, these are valuable sources for identification of new potent drugs. Many side effects of established drugs limit their usage and make the identification of new immunosuppressants necessary. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of natural products with potent anti-inflammatory activities that have been tested successfully in different models of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Some of these candidates already have passed first clinical trials. The anti-inflammatory potency of these natural products was often comparable to those of established drugs, and they could be used at least in addition to standard therapy to reduce their dose to minimize unwanted side effects. A frequent mode of action is the inhibition of classical inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, in combination with downregulation of oxidative stress. A drawback for the therapeutic use of those natural products is their moderate bioavailability, which can be optimized by chemical modifications and, in addition, further safety studies are necessary. Altogether, very interesting candidate compounds exist which have the potential to serve as starting points for the development of new immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Saurin
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Myriam Meineck
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erkel
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Technical University, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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A Monoclonal Anti-HMGB1 Antibody Attenuates Neurodegeneration in an Experimental Animal Model of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084107. [PMID: 35456925 PMCID: PMC9028318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a crucial process for the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), a major characteristic of glaucoma. High expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) plays a detrimental role in inflammatory processes and is elevated in the retinas of glaucoma patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the intravitreal injection of an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (anti-HMGB1 Ab) in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. Two groups of Spraque Dawley rats received episcleral vein occlusion to chronically elevate intraocular pressure (IOP): (1) the IgG group, intravitreal injection of an unspecific IgG as a control, n = 5, and (2) the HMGB1 group, intravitreal injection of an anti-HMGB1 Ab, n = 6. IOP, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and the retinal flash response were monitored longitudinally. Post-mortem examinations included immunohistochemistry, microarray, and mass spectrometric analysis. RNFLT was significantly increased in the HMGB1 group compared with the IgG group (p < 0.001). RGC density showed improved neuronal cell survival in the retina in HMGB1 compared with the IgG group (p < 0.01). Mass spectrometric proteomic analysis of retinal tissue showed an increased abundance of RNA metabolism-associated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), such as hnRNP U, D, and H2, in animals injected with the anti-HMGB1 Ab, indicating that the application of the antibody may cause increased gene expression. Microarray analysis showed a significantly decreased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8, p < 0.05) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, p < 0.01) in the HMGB1 group. Thus, these data suggest that intravitreal injection of anti-HMGB1 Ab reduced HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling and mediated RGC neuroprotection.
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Blimp-1 is a prognostic indicator for progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1991-2002. [PMID: 35386001 PMCID: PMC9294030 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to higher grade disease is associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and an absence of immune-mediated regression. However, the immune microenvironment that distinguishes progression from persistent or regressing lesions has not been well defined. Methods A total of 69 patients under the age of 25 with high-risk HPV-positive cytology and biopsy-confirmed p16-positive CIN2 were included in the study. Biopsies were stained using 20 antibodies to a range of immune markers. Based on a 2-year follow-up, samples were analysed in “progressor” (CIN3 +) or “persister/regressor” (CIN1, 2 or normal) groups. Results Progression was most strongly associated with Blimp-1 positive cell staining in the lesion (P = 0.0019) and with low numbers of infiltrating CD4 cells in the dermal region beneath the lesion (P = 0.0022). The presence of CD4, CD8 and T bet-positive cells in the dermal region most strongly correlated with CD11c cells in the persister/regressor but not the progressor group. Conclusion High numbers of Blimp-1 + cells in CIN2 lesions may predict progression to more severe disease. Measurement of Blimp-1 may have diagnostic utility for the determination of the need to treat women with cervical pre-cancer. Highlights CIN2 progression is associated with high numbers of Blimp-1 positive cells in the lesion. Detection of Blimp-1 in the lesion may have utility as a prognostic test to inform the need to treat CIN2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-03993-4.
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Štros M, Polanská EV, Hlaváčová T, Skládal P. Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma-The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19. Biomolecules 2022; 12:544. [PMID: 35454134 PMCID: PMC9031208 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 protein is known to induce inflammatory responses leading to an inflammatory storm. The outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a huge health concern worldwide. Recent data revealed that plasma/serum HMGB1 levels of patients suffering from inflammation-mediated disorders-such as COVID-19, cancer, and autoimmune disorders-correlate positively with disease severity and vice versa. A late release of HMGB1 in sepsis suggests the existence of a wide therapeutic window for treating sepsis. Rapid and accurate methods for the detection of HMGB1 levels in plasma/serum are, therefore, of great importance for monitoring the occurrence, treatment success, and survival prediction of patients with inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we briefly explain the role of HMGB1 in the cell, and particularly the involvement of extracellular HMGB1 (released from the cells) in inflammation-mediated diseases, with an emphasis on COVID-19. The current assays to measure HMGB1 levels in human plasma-Western blotting, ELISA, EMSA, and a new approach based on electrochemical immunosensors, including some of our preliminary results-are presented and thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Štros
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Volfová Polanská
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tereza Hlaváčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (P.S.)
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Sahu D, Bishwal SC, Malik MZ, Sahu S, Kaushik SR, Sharma S, Saini E, Arya R, Rastogi A, Sharma S, Sen S, Singh RKB, Liu CJ, Nanda RK, Panda AK. Troxerutin-Mediated Complement Pathway Inhibition is a Disease-Modifying Treatment for Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845457. [PMID: 35433699 PMCID: PMC9009527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TXR) is a phytochemical reported to possess anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to exploit the antiarthritic properties of TXR using an adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rat model. AIA-induced rats showed the highest arthritis score at the disease onset and by oral administration of TXR (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight), reduced to basal level in a dose-dependent manner. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitative (iTRAQ) proteomics tool were employed to identify deregulated joint homogenate proteins in AIA and TXR-treated rats to decipher the probable mechanism of TXR action in arthritis. iTRAQ analysis identified a set of 434 proteins with 65 deregulated proteins (log2 case/control≥1.5) in AIA. Expressions of a set of important proteins (AAT, T-kininogen, vimentin, desmin, and nucleophosmin) that could classify AIA from the healthy ones were validated using Western blot analysis. The Western blot data corroborated proteomics findings. In silico protein–protein interaction study of tissue-proteome revealed that complement component 9 (C9), the major building blocks of the membrane attack complex (MAC) responsible for sterile inflammation, get perturbed in AIA. Our dosimetry study suggests that a TXR dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 15 days is sufficient to bring the arthritis score to basal levels in AIA rats. We have shown the importance of TXR as an antiarthritic agent in the AIA model and after additional investigation, its arthritic ameliorating properties could be exploited for clinical usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Sahu
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
| | - Subasa Chandra Bishwal
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Sahu
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ekta Saini
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Shanta Sen
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - R. K. Brojen Singh
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
| | - Amulya Kumar Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Debasis Sahu, ; Ranjan Kumar Nanda, ; Amulya Kumar Panda,
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Personnaz J, Piccolo E, Dortignac A, Iacovoni JS, Mariette J, Rocher V, Polizzi A, Batut A, Deleruyelle S, Bourdens L, Delos O, Combes-Soia L, Paccoud R, Moreau E, Martins F, Clouaire T, Benhamed F, Montagner A, Wahli W, Schwabe RF, Yart A, Castan-Laurell I, Bertrand-Michel J, Burlet-Schiltz O, Postic C, Denechaud PD, Moro C, Legube G, Lee CH, Guillou H, Valet P, Dray C, Pradère JP. Nuclear HMGB1 protects from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through negative regulation of liver X receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg9055. [PMID: 35333579 PMCID: PMC8956270 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulations of lipid metabolism in the liver may trigger steatosis progression, leading to potentially severe clinical consequences such as nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). Molecular mechanisms underlying liver lipogenesis are very complex and fine-tuned by chromatin dynamics and multiple key transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear factor HMGB1 acts as a strong repressor of liver lipogenesis. Mice with liver-specific Hmgb1 deficiency display exacerbated liver steatosis, while Hmgb1-overexpressing mice exhibited a protection from fatty liver progression when subjected to nutritional stress. Global transcriptome and functional analysis revealed that the deletion of Hmgb1 gene enhances LXRα and PPARγ activity. HMGB1 repression is not mediated through nucleosome landscape reorganization but rather via a preferential DNA occupation in a region carrying genes regulated by LXRα and PPARγ. Together, these findings suggest that hepatocellular HMGB1 protects from liver steatosis development. HMGB1 may constitute a new attractive option to therapeutically target the LXRα-PPARγ axis during NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Personnaz
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Enzo Piccolo
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jason S. Iacovoni
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Mariette
- MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Batut
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Deleruyelle
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucas Bourdens
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Océane Delos
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Paccoud
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Moreau
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Martins
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Plateforme GeT, Genotoul, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Clouaire
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Armelle Yart
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Castan-Laurell
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F- 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaelle Legube
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Dray
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR 1297/I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Wang Z, Yang X, Wang X, Liang F, Tang Y. Glycyrrhizin attenuates caspase-11-dependent immune responses and coagulopathy by targeting high mobility group box 1. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108713. [PMID: 35339905 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-11, a cytosolic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) receptor, mediates pyroptosis, coagulopathy and lethality in endoxemia and bacterial sepsis. The activation of caspase-11 requires high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated translocation of LPS from the extracellular space to the cytosol. Here we show that HMGB1-dependent cytosolic delivery of LPS was blocked by glycyrrhizin, a medication to treat liver diseases. Glycyrrhizin competitively bound HMGB1 and thereby inhibiting the physical interaction between HMGB1 and LPS. Treatment of glycyrrhizin significantly attenuated caspase-11-dependent immune responses, coagulopathy, organ injury and lethality in endotoxemia and experimental sepsis. Together, our data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of the cytosolic delivery of LPS by glycyrrhizin might be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat sepsis, which is a leading cause of death in hospitals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtai Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China.
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, PR China.
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Zhang J, Ejikemeuwa A, Gerzanich V, Nasr M, Tang Q, Simard JM, Zhao RY. Understanding the Role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Viral Pathogenesis and COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854567. [PMID: 35356515 PMCID: PMC8959714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shocked the world due to its persistence, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, and the high mutability of the virus. One of the major concerns is the emergence of new viral variants that may increase viral transmission and disease severity. In addition to mutations of spike protein, mutations of viral proteins that affect virulence, such as ORF3a, also must be considered. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on ORF3a, to summarize the molecular actions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19. ORF3a is a polymorphic, multifunctional viral protein that is specific to SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2. It was acquired from β-CoV lineage and likely originated from bats through viral evolution. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is a viroporin that interferes with ion channel activities in host plasma and endomembranes. It is likely a virion-associated protein that exerts its effect on the viral life cycle during viral entry through endocytosis, endomembrane-associated viral transcription and replication, and viral release through exocytosis. ORF3a induces cellular innate and pro-inflammatory immune responses that can trigger a cytokine storm, especially under hypoxic conditions, by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes, HMGB1, and HIF-1α to promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. ORF3a induces cell death through apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, which leads to tissue damage that affects the severity of COVID-19. ORF3a continues to evolve along with spike and other viral proteins to adapt in the human cellular environment. How the emerging ORF3a mutations alter the function of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and its role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19 is largely unknown. This review provides an in-depth analysis of ORF3a protein's structure, origin, evolution, and mutant variants, and how these characteristics affect its functional role in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amara Ejikemeuwa
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Drug Development and Clinical Sciences Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Simon Davis DA, Atmosukarto II, Garrett J, Gosling K, Syed FM, Quah BJ. Irradiation immunity interactions. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 66:519-535. [PMID: 35261190 PMCID: PMC9314628 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can influence cancer development by both impeding and/or facilitating tumour growth and spread. A better understanding of this complex relationship is fundamental to optimise current and future cancer therapeutic strategies. Although typically regarded as a localised and immunosuppressive anti‐cancer treatment modality, radiation therapy has been associated with generating profound systemic effects beyond the intended target volume. These systemic effects are immune‐driven suggesting radiation therapy can enhance anti‐tumour immunosurveillance in some instances. In this review, we summarise how radiation therapy can positively and negatively affect local and systemic anti‐tumour immune responses, how co‐administration of immunotherapy with radiation therapy may help promote anti‐tumour immunity, and how the use of immune biomarkers may help steer radiation therapy‐immunotherapy personalisation to optimise clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Simon Davis
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ines I Atmosukarto
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jessica Garrett
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Katharine Gosling
- Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Farhan M Syed
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben Jc Quah
- Irradiation Immunity Interaction Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Division of Genome Sciences & Cancer, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Radiation Oncology Department, Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Costa-Ferro ZSM, do Prado-Lima PAS, Onsten GA, Oliveira GN, Brito GC, Ghilardi IM, Dos Santos PG, Bertinatto RJ, da Silva DV, Salamoni SD, Machado DC, da Cruz IBM, de Freitas Souza BS, da Costa JC. Bone marrow mononuclear cell transplant prevents rat depression and modulates inflammatory and neurogenic molecules. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110455. [PMID: 34637870 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder is associated with chronic inflammation and deficient production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation has an anti-inflammatory effect and has been proven effective in restoring non-depressive behavior. This study investigated whether BMMC transplantation can prevent the development of depression or anxiety in chronic mild stress (CMS), as well as its effect on inflammatory and neurogenic molecules. METHOD Three groups of animals were compared: BMMC-transplanted animals subjected to CMS for 45 days, CMS non-transplanted rats, and control animals. After the CMS period, the three groups underwent the following behavioral tests: sucrose preference test (SPT), eating-related depression test (ERDT), social avoidance test (SAT), social interaction test (SIT), and elevated plus maze test (EPMT). Transplanted cell tracking and measurement of the expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and BDNF were performed on brain and spleen tissues. RESULTS BMMC transplantation prevented the effects of CMS in the SPT, ERDT, SAT, and SIT, while prevention was less pronounced in the EPMT. It was found to prevent increased HMGB-1 expression induced by CMS in the hippocampus and spleen, increase BDNF expression in both tissues, and prevent increased IL-1β expression in the hippocampus alone, while no effect of the transplant was observed in the TNFα expression. In addition, no transplanted cells were found in either the brain or spleen. CONCLUSIONS BMMC transplantation prevents the development of depression and anxiety-like behavior triggered by CMS. It could prevent increased HMGB-1 and IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and increased BDNF expression in the same tissue. Cell treatment represents a further perspective in the research and treatment of depression and possible mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Ary Onsten
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gutierre Neves Oliveira
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Camargo Brito
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Machado Ghilardi
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Gabrielli Dos Santos
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jean Bertinatto
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vieira da Silva
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Denise Salamoni
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Cantarelli Machado
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050849. [PMID: 35269471 PMCID: PMC8909428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 1970s, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and named high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the most studied HMG protein that detects and coordinates cellular stress response. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its subcellular localization and expression. It plays a critical role in the nucleus and cytoplasm as DNA chaperone, chromosome gatekeeper, autophagy maintainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death. HMGB1 also functions as an extracellular alarmin acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). Recent findings describe HMGB1 as a sophisticated signal of danger, with a pleiotropic function, which is useful as a clinical biomarker for several disorders. HMGB1 has emerged as a mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, HMGB1 targeting can induce beneficial effects on oxidative stress related diseases. This review focus on HMGB1 redox status, localization, mechanisms of release, binding with receptors, and its activities in different oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Since a growing number of reports show the key role of HMGB1 in socially relevant pathological conditions, to our knowledge, for the first time, here we analyze the scientific literature, evaluating the number of publications focusing on HMGB1 in humans and animal models, per year, from 2006 to 2021 and the number of records published, yearly, per disease and category (studies on humans and animal models).
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Xiong Y, Yang J, Tong H, Zhu C, Pang Y. HMGB1 augments cognitive impairment in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by binding to MD-2 and promoting NLRP3-induced neuroinflammation. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:167-179. [PMID: 34931753 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) always manifests with severe inflammatory symptoms and cognitive impairment. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study we investigated the role of HMGB1 in SAE. METHODS An SAE mouse model was established through cecal ligation and puncture surgery and then injected with adenovirus short hairpin RNA (Ad-sh)-HMGB1 or Ad-sh-myeloid differentiation protein (MD-2). The cognitive impairment and pathological injury in mice of different groups were evaluated using the Morris water maze experiment, Y-maze test, tail suspension test, fear conditioning test, and haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of HMGB1 (fully reduced and disulfide (ds)HMGB1), MD-2, and NLRP3 in SAE mice were determined. Then, levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured. The binding relation between HMGB1 and MD-2 was predicted and certified. Additionally, MD-2 was downregulated to verify the role of the binding of HMGB1 and MD-2 in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE. RESULTS Expressions of HMGB1, MD-2, NLRP3, and inflammatory cytokines were enhanced in the SAE mouse model, which were in parallel with impaired cognitive function. HMGB1 silencing resulted in downregulated NLRP3 expression and alleviated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. Mechanically, dsHMGB1 bound to MD-2 to activate NLRP3, thereby exacerbating neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. The limited binding of HMGB1 and MD-2 downregulated NLRP3 expression to alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE mice. CONCLUSION HMGB1 was overexpressed in SAE, and dsHMGB1 bound to MD-2 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, inducing neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Tong
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chenting Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yinhu Pang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Maysinger D, Sanader Maršić Ž, Gran ER, Shobo A, Macairan JR, Zhang I, Perić Bakulić M, Antoine R, Multhaup G, Bonačić-Kouteckỳ V. Insights into the Impact of Gold Nanoclusters Au 10SG 10 on Human Microglia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:464-476. [PMID: 35080850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to uncover the impact of small liganded gold nanoclusters with 10 gold atoms and 10 glutathione ligands (Au10SG10) on several biomarkers in human microglia. We established the links connecting the atomically precise structure of Au10SG10 with their properties and changes in several biomolecules under oxidative stress. Au10SG10 caused the loss of mitochondrial metabolic activity, increased lipid peroxidation and translocation of an alarmin molecule, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), from the nucleus to the cytosol. Molecular modeling provided an insight into the location of amino acid interaction sites with Au10SG10 and the nature of bonds participating in these interactions. We show that Au10SG10 can bind directly to the defined sites of reduced, oxidized, and acetylated HMGB1. Further studies with similar complementary approaches merging live-cell analyses, determination of biomarkers, and cell functions could lead to optimized gold nanoclusters best suited for diagnostic and bioimaging purposes in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Montréal, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST) at University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Sanader Maršić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Republic of Croatia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST) at University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Evan Rizzel Gran
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Montréal, Canada
| | - Adeola Shobo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Montréal, Canada
| | - Jun-Ray Macairan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, H3A 0C5 Montréal, Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Montréal, Canada
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST) at University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Montréal, Canada
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Kouteckỳ
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST) at University of Split, Meštrovićevo šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang X, Su C, Zhao S, Li J, Yu F. Combination therapy of Ulinastatin with Thrombomodulin alleviates endotoxin (LPS) - induced liver and kidney injury via inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2951-2970. [PMID: 35148668 PMCID: PMC8973693 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a type of systemic inflammation response syndrome that leads to organ function disorders. Currently, there is no specific medicine for sepsis in clinical practice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important endotoxin that causes sepsis. Here, we report an effective two-drug combination therapy to treat LPS-induced liver and kidney injury in endotoxic rats. Ulinastatin (UTI) and Thrombomodulin (TM) are biological macromolecules extracted from urine. In our study, combination therapy significantly improved LPS-induced liver and kidney pathological structure and functional injury, and significantly improved the survival rate of endotoxic rats. Results of TUNEL staining and Western blot showed that UTI combined with TM inhibited the excessive apoptosis of liver and kidney cells caused by LPS. The drug combination also promoted the proliferation of liver and kidney cells, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor or necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide, and down-regulated the expression of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation to inhibit inflammation. In addition, the combination of UTI and TM also promoted the production of a variety of antioxidant enzymes in the tissues and inhibited the production of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) to enhance antioxidant defenses. Our experiments also proved that UTI combined with TM did not reduce the anticoagulant effect of TM. These results suggested that UTI combined with TM can improve endotoxin-induced liver and kidney damage and mortality by inhibiting liver and kidney cell apoptosis, promoting proliferation, and inhibiting inflammation and oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, PR China
| | - Chenlin Su
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, PR China
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning, PR China
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Peng B, Xu C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li W. The Role of Connexin Hemichannels in Inflammatory Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020237. [PMID: 35205103 PMCID: PMC8869213 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The connexin protein family consists of approximately 20 members, and is well recognized as the structural unit of the gap junction channels that perforate the plasma membranes of coupled cells and, thereby, mediate intercellular communication. Gap junctions are assembled by two preexisting hemichannels on the membranes of apposing cells. Non-junctional connexin hemichannels (CxHC) provide a conduit between the cell interior and the extracellular milieu, and are believed to be in a protectively closed state under physiological conditions. The development and characterization of the peptide mimetics of the amino acid sequences of connexins have resulted in the development of a panel of blockers with a higher selectivity for CxHC, which have become important tools for defining the role of CxHC in various biological processes. It is increasingly clear that CxHC can be induced to open by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The opening of CxHC facilitates the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, a class of endogenous molecules that are critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The blockade of CxHC leads to attenuated inflammation, reduced tissue injury and improved organ function in human and animal models of about thirty inflammatory diseases and disorders. These findings demonstrate that CxHC may contribute to the intensification of inflammation, and serve as a common target in the treatments of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we provide an update on the progress in the understanding of CxHC, with a focus on the role of these channels in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yijie Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-13903782431 (Y.Z.); +86-17839250252 (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-13903782431 (Y.Z.); +86-17839250252 (W.L.)
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Cytokines in the Brain and Neuroinflammation: We Didn’t Starve the Fire! Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020140. [PMID: 35215252 PMCID: PMC8878213 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the brain-protecting tissues of the skull, meninges, and blood-brain barrier, some forms of injury to or infection of the CNS can give rise to cerebral cytokine production and action and result in drastic changes in brain function and behavior. Interestingly, peripheral infection-induced systemic inflammation can also be accompanied by increased cerebral cytokine production. Furthermore, it has been recently proposed that some forms of psychological stress may have similar CNS effects. Different conditions of cerebral cytokine production and action will be reviewed here against the background of neuroinflammation. Within this context, it is important to both deepen our understanding along already taken paths as well as to explore new ways in which neural functioning can be modified by cytokines. This, in turn, should enable us to put forward different modes of cerebral cytokine production and action in relation to distinct forms of neuroinflammation.
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Toll-like Receptor 4, Osteoblasts and Leukemogenesis; the Lesson from Acute Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030735. [PMID: 35163998 PMCID: PMC8838156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognizing receptor that can bind exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is expressed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, several bone marrow stromal cells, and nonleukemic cells involved in inflammation. TLR4 can bind a wide range of endogenous ligands that are present in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the TLR4-expressing nonleukemic bone marrow cells include various mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, differentiated myeloid cells, and inflammatory/immunocompetent cells. Osteoblasts are important stem cell supporting cells localized to the stem cell niches, and they support the proliferation and survival of primary AML cells. These supporting effects are mediated by the bidirectional crosstalk between AML cells and supportive osteoblasts through the local cytokine network. Finally, TLR4 is also important for the defense against complicating infections in neutropenic patients, and it seems to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological reactions in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Thus, TLR4 has direct effects on primary AML cells, and it has indirect effects on the leukemic cells through modulation of their supporting neighboring bone marrow stromal cells (i.e., modulation of stem cell niches, regulation of angiogenesis). Furthermore, in allotransplant recipients TLR4 can modulate inflammatory and potentially antileukemic immune reactivity. The use of TLR4 targeting as an antileukemic treatment will therefore depend both on the biology of the AML cells, the biological context of the AML cells, aging effects reflected both in the AML and the stromal cells and the additional antileukemic treatment combined with HSP90 inhibition.
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Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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