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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zheng J, Cui Z. Bacterial recognition and inhibition activities of an LRR-only protein in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109799. [PMID: 39098748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
LRR-only protein (LRRop) is an important class of immune molecules that function as pattern recognition receptor in invertebrates, however, the bacterial inhibitory activity of this proteins remain largely unknown. Herein, a novel LRRop was cloned from Eriocheir sinensis and named as EsLRRop2. The EsLRRop2 consists of six LRR motifs and formed a horseshoe shape three-dimension structure. EsLRRop2 was mainly expressed in intestine and hepatopancreas. The transcripts of EsLRRop2 in the intestine and hepatopancreas were induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, and displayed similar transcriptional profiles. The expression levels of EsLRRop2 responded more rapidly and highly to V. parahaemolyticus than S. aureus in the intestine and hepatopancreas. Although the basal expression level of EsLRRop2 in hemocytes was relatively low, its transcripts in hemocytes were significantly induced by V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus. The recombinant proteins of EsLRRop2 (rEsLRRop2) displayed a wide range of binding spectrum against vibrios, including V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. harveryi. The rEsLRRop2 showed dose- and time-dependent inhibitory activity against V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus, and it could agglutinate the two bacteria. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of rEsLRRop2 against V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveryi and S. aureus was slightly affected by pH and salinity, and the rEsLRRop2 displayed the strongest inhibitory activity against all the three vibrios when the salinity was 20 ‰ and pH was 8.0. Collectively, these results elucidate the bacterial binding and inhibitory activities of EsLRRop2, and provide theoretical foundations for the application of rEsLRRop2 in prevention and control of vibrio diseases in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Yunhui Bai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jinbin Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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202
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Bhopatkar AA, Bhatt N, Haque MA, Xavier R, Fung L, Jerez C, Kayed R. MAPT mutations associated with familial tauopathies lead to formation of conformationally distinct oligomers that have cross-seeding ability. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5099. [PMID: 39145409 PMCID: PMC11325167 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The microtubule associated protein, tau, is implicated in a multitude of neurodegenerative disorders that are collectively termed as tauopathies. These disorders are characterized by the presence of tau aggregates within the brain of afflicted individuals. Mutations within the MAPT gene that encodes the tau protein form the genetic backdrop for familial forms of tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the molecular consequences of such alterations and their pathological effects are unclear. We sought to investigate the conformational properties of the aggregates of three tau mutants: A152T, P301L, and R406W, all implicated within FTD, and compare them to those of the native form (WT-Tau 2N4R). Our immunochemical analysis reveals that mutants and WT tau oligomers exhibit similar affinity for conformation-specific antibodies but have distinct morphology and secondary structure. Additionally, these oligomers possess different dye-binding properties and varying sensitivity to proteolytic processing. These results point to conformational variety among them. We then tested the ability of the mutant oligomers to cross-seed the aggregation of WT tau monomer. Using similar array of experiments, we found that cross-seeding with mutant aggregates leads to the formation of conformationally unique WT oligomers. The results discussed in this paper provide a novel perspective on the structural properties of oligomeric forms of WT tau 2N4R and its mutant, along with shedding some light on their cross-seeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukool A. Bhopatkar
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Md Anzarul Haque
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Rhea Xavier
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Leiana Fung
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Present address:
Neuroscience Graduate Program, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Cynthia Jerez
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
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203
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Hamoongard M, Letafatkar A, Thomas AC. The Effect of Neurocognitive Training on Biomechanical Risk Factors Related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Athletes: A Narrative Review. J Sport Rehabil 2024; 33:485-494. [PMID: 39117316 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The best current evidence supports the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the risk of injury; however, the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is still high. Neurocognitive training (NT) has successfully improved biomechanical risk factors, but they have been considered in only a few studies. OBJECTIVE To review the literature to determine the effect of NT on biomechanical risk factors related to ACL injury in athletes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database from inception to August 2011. We included randomized controlled trials that used motor learning approaches and injury prevention programs to investigate kinematic and kinetic risk factors related to ACL injury. The quality of each clinical trial study was evaluated by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The eligibility criteria were checked based on the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study type) framework. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 9 studies were included in the final analysis. Motor learning approaches include internal and external focus of attention, dual tasks, visual motor training, self-control feedback, differential learning, and linear and nonlinear pedagogy, combined with exercise programs. In most of the studies that used NT, a significant decrease in knee valgus; tibial abduction and external rotation; ground reaction force; and an increase in knee-, trunk-, hip-, and knee-flexion moment was observed. CONCLUSION In classical NT, deviation from the ideal movement pattern especially emphasizing variability and self-discovery processes is functional in injury prevention and may mitigate biomechanical risk factors of ACL injuries in athletes. Practitioners are advised to use sport-specific cognitive tasks in combination with neuromuscular training to simulate loads of the competitive environment. This may improve ACL injury risk reduction and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hamoongard
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Letafatkar
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbey C Thomas
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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204
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Delaney J, Nathani S, Tan V, Chavez C, Orr A, Paek J, Faraji M, Setlow B, Urs NM. Enhanced cognitive flexibility and phasic striatal dopamine dynamics in a mouse model of low striatal tonic dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1600-1608. [PMID: 38698264 PMCID: PMC11319590 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The catecholamine neuromodulators dopamine and norepinephrine are implicated in motor function, motivation, and cognition. Although roles for striatal dopamine in these aspects of behavior are well established, the specific roles for cortical catecholamines in regulating striatal dopamine dynamics and behavior are less clear. We recently showed that elevating cortical dopamine but not norepinephrine suppresses hyperactivity in dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) mice, which have elevated striatal dopamine levels. In contrast, norepinephrine transporter knockout (NET-KO) mice have a phenotype distinct from DAT-KO mice, as they show elevated extracellular cortical catecholamines but reduced baseline striatal dopamine levels. Here we evaluated the consequences of altered catecholamine levels in NET-KO mice on cognitive flexibility and striatal dopamine dynamics. In a probabilistic reversal learning task, NET-KO mice showed enhanced reversal learning, which was consistent with larger phasic dopamine transients (dLight) in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) during reward delivery and reward omission, compared to WT controls. Selective depletion of dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) norepinephrine in WT mice did not alter performance on the reversal learning task but reduced nestlet shredding. Surprisingly, NET-KO mice did not show altered breakpoints in a progressive ratio task, suggesting intact food motivation. Collectively, these studies show novel roles of cortical catecholamines in the regulation of tonic and phasic striatal dopamine dynamics and cognitive flexibility, updating our current views on dopamine regulation and informing future therapeutic strategies to counter multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Delaney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sanya Nathani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Victor Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carson Chavez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Orr
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joon Paek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mojdeh Faraji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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205
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DeVuono MV, Nashed MG, Sarikahya MH, Kocsis A, Lee K, Vanin SR, Hudson R, Lonnee EP, Rushlow WJ, Hardy DB, Laviolette SR. Prenatal tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol exposure produce sex-specific pathophysiological phenotypes in the adolescent prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106588. [PMID: 38960101 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical evidence has demonstrated an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders following prenatal cannabinoid exposure. However, given the phytochemical complexity of cannabis, there is a need to understand how specific components of cannabis may contribute to these neurodevelopmental risks later in life. To investigate this, a rat model of prenatal cannabinoid exposure was utilized to examine the impacts of specific cannabis constituents (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]; cannabidiol [CBD]) alone and in combination on future neuropsychiatric liability in male and female offspring. Prenatal THC and CBD exposure were associated with low birth weight. At adolescence, offspring displayed sex-specific behavioural changes in anxiety, temporal order and social cognition, and sensorimotor gating. These phenotypes were associated with sex and treatment-specific neuronal and gene transcriptional alterations in the prefrontal cortex, and ventral hippocampus, regions where the endocannabinoid system is implicated in affective and cognitive development. Electrophysiology and RT-qPCR analysis in these regions implicated dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system and balance of excitatory and inhibitory signalling in the developmental consequences of prenatal cannabinoids. These findings reveal critical insights into how specific cannabinoids can differentially impact the developing fetal brains of males and females to enhance subsequent neuropsychiatric risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieka V DeVuono
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Mina G Nashed
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Sarikahya
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrea Kocsis
- Dept of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kendrick Lee
- Dept of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sebastian R Vanin
- Dept of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Eryn P Lonnee
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter J Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI), Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Dept of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Dept of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI), Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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206
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Klein RM, McCormick CR, Almeida RDS, Lawen Z, Arora S. Introducing the portable AttentionTrip: An engaging tool for measuring the networks of attention. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110194. [PMID: 38866205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of the efficacy of the networks of attention is a frequent component of research in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Developed in 2002, the Attention Network Test (ANT), has become the most widely used tool for this purpose. NEW METHOD In 2017 a more engaging, game-like tool based on the ANT, called the AttentionTrip was described. The network scores from five studies which used AttentionTrip are shown to be robust. NEWER METHOD That version of AttentionTrip required a steering wheel and desk-top computer. Here we describe a new, portable version of the AttentionTrip that is administered using a hand-held tablet (iPad) RESULTS: Three samples of participants (total = 44) completed the portable version of AttentionTrip. The network scores generated using the portable AttentionTrip were also robust. Effect sizes compare favourably with those generated by the ANT and the desktop version. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the use of the portable AttentionTrip as an alternative to the ANT when user engagement is important, such as when participants are prone to boredom, and when repeated administrations are required.
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207
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Gaiaschi L, Priori EC, Mensi MM, Verri M, Buonocore D, Parisi S, Hernandez LNQ, Brambilla I, Ferrari B, De Luca F, Gola F, Rancati G, Capone L, Andriulo A, Visonà SD, Marseglia GL, Borgatti R, Bottone MG. New perspectives on the role of biological factors in anorexia nervosa: Brain volume reduction or oxidative stress, which came first? Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106580. [PMID: 38942323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder (ED) that has seen an increase in its incidence in the last thirty years. Compared to other psychosomatic disorders, ED can be responsible for many major medical complications, moreover, in addition to the various systemic impairments, patients with AN undergo morphological and physiological changes affecting the cerebral cortex. Through immunohistochemical studies on portions of postmortem human brain of people affected by AN and healthy individuals, and western blot studies on leucocytes of young patients and healthy controls, this study investigated the role in the afore-mentioned processes of altered redox state. The results showed that the brain volume reduction in AN could be due to an increase in the rate of cell death, mainly by apoptosis, in which mitochondria, main cellular organelles affected by a decreased dietary intake, and a highly compromised intracellular redox balance, may play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Integrated Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Maria Mensi
- Department of Sciences of the Nervous System and of Behavior, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sandra Parisi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lilian Nathalie Quintero Hernandez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Department of Clinical surgical diagnostic and pediatric sciences, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ferrari
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Gola
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Rancati
- High-Complexity Rehabilitation Unit, "Casa di Cura Villa Esperia", Viale dei Salici 35, 27052 Godiasco PV, Italy
| | - Luca Capone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adele Andriulo
- High-Complexity Rehabilitation Unit, "Casa di Cura Villa Esperia", Viale dei Salici 35, 27052 Godiasco PV, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Clinical surgical diagnostic and pediatric sciences, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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208
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Sanguino-Gómez J, Huijgens S, den Hartog M, Schenk IJM, Kluck W, Versluis TD, Krugers HJ. Neural correlates of learning and memory are altered by early-life stress. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 213:107952. [PMID: 38906243 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability to learn and remember, which is fundamental for behavioral adaptation, is susceptible to stressful experiences during the early postnatal period, such as abnormal levels of maternal care. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects still remain elusive. This study examined whether early life stress (ELS) alters memory and brain activation patterns in male mice. Therefore, we examined the expression of the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-Fos and Arc in the dentate gyrus (DG) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) after training and memory retrieval in a fear conditioning task. Furthermore, we examined the potential of RU38486 (RU486), a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, to mitigate ELS-induced memory deficits by blocking stress signalling during adolescence. Arc::dVenus reporter mice, which allow investigating experience-dependent expression of the immediate early gene Arc also at more remote time points, were exposed to ELS by housing dams and offspring with limited bedding and nesting material (LBN) between postnatal days (PND) 2-9 and trained in a fear conditioning task at adult age. We found that ELS reduced both fear acquisition and contextual memory retrieval. RU486 did not prevent these effects. ELS reduced the number of Arc::dVenus+ cells in DG and BLA after training, while the number of c-Fos+ cells were left unaffected. After memory retrieval, ELS decreased c-Fos+ cells in the ventral DG and BLA. ELS also altered the colocalization of c-Fos+ cells with Arc::dVenus+ cells in the ventral DG, possibly indicating impaired engram allocation in the ventral DG after memory retrieval. In conclusion, this study shows that ELS alters neuronal activation patterns after fear acquisition and retrieval, which may provide mechanistic insights into enduring impact of ELS on the processing of fear memories, possibly via changes in cell (co-) activation and engram cell allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Huijgens
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxine den Hartog
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inim J M Schenk
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenya Kluck
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara D Versluis
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group, SILS-CNS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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209
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Xu SL, Fan M, Ma MD, Zheng Q, Chen PQ, Wei YD, Sun HM, Sun HZ, Ge JF. Differential toxic and antiepileptic features of Vigabatrin raceme and its enantiomers. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148991. [PMID: 38754803 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the potential pharmacological and toxicological differences between Vigabatrin (VGB) and its enantiomers S-VGB and R-VGB. The researchers focused on the toxic effects and antiepileptic activity of these compounds in a rat model. METHODS The epileptic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid, and the antiepileptic activity of VGB, S-VGB, and VGB was observed, focusing on the improvements in seizure latency, seizure frequency and sensory, motor, learning and memory deficits in epileptic rats, as well as the hippocampal expression of key molecular associated with synaptic plasticity and the Wnt/β-catenin/GSK 3β signaling pathway. The acute toxic test was carried out and the LD50 was calculated, and tretinal damages in epileptic rats were also evaluated. RESULT The results showed that S-VGB exhibited stronger antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects with lower toxicity compared to VGB raceme. These findings suggest that S-VGB and VGB may modulate neuronal damage, glial cell activation, and synaptic plasticity related to epilepsy through the Wnt/β-catenin/GSK 3β signaling pathway. The study provides valuable insights into the potential differential effects of VGB enantiomers, highlighting the potential of S-VGB as an antiepileptic drug with reduced side effects. CONCLUSION S-VGB has the highest antiepileptic effect and lowest toxicity compared to VGB and R-VGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Die Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Quan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Dong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huai-Zhi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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210
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Liu P, Li Q, Tang YF, Cui CY, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Tang B, Lai QC. Multiple algorithms highlight key brain genes driven by multiple anesthetics. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108805. [PMID: 38991319 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Anesthesia serves as a pivotal tool in modern medicine, creating a transient state of sensory deprivation to ensure a pain-free surgical or medical intervention. While proficient in alleviating pain, anesthesia significantly modulates brain dynamics, metabolic processes, and neural signaling, thereby impairing typical cognitive functions. Furthermore, anesthesia can induce notable impacts such as memory impairment, decreased cognitive function, and diminished intelligence, emphasizing the imperative need to explore the concealed repercussions of anesthesia on individuals. In this investigation, we aggregated gene expression profiles (GSE64617, GSE141242, GSE161322, GSE175894, and GSE178995) from public repositories following second-generation sequencing analysis of various anesthetics. Through scrutinizing post-anesthesia brain tissue gene expression utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA), and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), this research aims to pinpoint pivotal genes, pathways, and regulatory networks linked to anesthesia. This undertaking not only enhances comprehension of the physiological changes brought about by anesthesia but also lays the groundwork for future investigations, cultivating new insights and innovative perspectives in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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211
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Tang J, Feng M, Wang D, Zhang L, Yang K. Recent advancement of sonogenetics: A promising noninvasive cellular manipulation by ultrasound. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101112. [PMID: 38947740 PMCID: PMC11214298 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biomedical research have underscored the importance of noninvasive cellular manipulation techniques. Sonogenetics, a method that uses genetic engineering to produce ultrasound-sensitive proteins in target cells, is gaining prominence along with optogenetics, electrogenetics, and magnetogenetics. Upon stimulation with ultrasound, these proteins trigger a cascade of cellular activities and functions. Unlike traditional ultrasound modalities, sonogenetics offers enhanced spatial selectivity, improving precision and safety in disease treatment. This technology broadens the scope of non-surgical interventions across a wide range of clinical research and therapeutic applications, including neuromodulation, oncologic treatments, stem cell therapy, and beyond. Although current literature predominantly emphasizes ultrasonic neuromodulation, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of sonogenetics. We discuss ultrasound properties, the specific ultrasound-sensitive proteins employed in sonogenetics, and the technique's potential in managing conditions such as neurological disorders, cancer, and ophthalmic diseases, and in stem cell therapies. Our objective is to stimulate fresh perspectives for further research in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingxuan Feng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China
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212
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Drobotenko MI, Lyasota OM, Hernandez-Caceres JL, Labrada RR, Svidlov AA, Dorohova АA, Baryshev MG, Nechipurenko YD, Pérez LV, Dzhimak SS. Abnormal open states patterns in the ATXN2 DNA sequence depends on the CAG repeats length. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133849. [PMID: 39004246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary ataxias are one of the «anticipation diseases» types. Spinocerebral ataxia type 2 occurs when the number of CAG repeats in the coding region of the ATXN2 gene exceeds 34 or more. In healthy people, the CAG repeat region in the ATXN2 gene usually consists of 22-23 CAG trinucleotides. Mutations that increase the length of CAG repeats can cause severe neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders known as trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. The mechanisms causing such diseases are associated with non-canonical configurations that can be formed in the CAG repeat region during replication, transcription or repair. This makes it relevant to study the zones of open states that arise in the region of CAG repeats under torque. The purpose of this work is to study, using mathematical modeling, zones of open states in the region of CAG repeats of the ATXN2 gene, caused by torque. It has been established that the torque effect on the 1st exon of the ATXN2 gene, in addition to the formation of open states in the promoter region, can lead to the formation of additional various sizes open states zones in the CAG repeats region. Moreover, the frequency of additional large zones genesis increases with increasing number of CAG repeats. The inverse of this frequency correlates with the dependence of the disease onset average age on the CAG repeats length. The obtained results will allow us to get closer to understanding the genetic mechanisms that cause trinucleotide repeat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail I Drobotenko
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana M Lyasota
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Alexandr A Svidlov
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Аnna A Dorohova
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail G Baryshev
- Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Yury D Nechipurenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Stepan S Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
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213
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Gainotti G. Does the right hemisphere retain functional characteristics typical of the emotional adaptive system? An evolutionary approach to the problem of brain asymmetries. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105777. [PMID: 38914178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The right and left hemispheres host two complementary adaptive systems with a right-sided prevalence of automatic and unconscious processing modes, typical of the 'emotional system', and a left-sided prevalence of propositional and conscious processing modes typical of the 'cognitive system' The principal right hemispheric syndromes (and the functioning modes typical of this hemisphere) are, indeed, characterized by automatic and unconscious processing modalities. Thus, the unilateral neglect syndrome discloses a defective automatic (and spared intentional) spatial orienting of attention; face and voice recognition disorders are due to disruption of mechanisms that automatically generate familiarity feelings and anosognosia seems due to the unconscious loss of personal significance attributed by the patient to the pathological event. Since emotions were the only adaptive system existing before the development of language (which is provided of a strong capacity to develop and shape cognition), the persistence in the right hemisphere of mechanisms typical of the emotional system strongly supports an evolutionary model of brain laterality. (160 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gainotti
- Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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214
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Kim Y, Lim J, Oh J. Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117277. [PMID: 39126772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative neurological condition characterized by cognitive decline, primarily affecting memory and logical thinking, attributed to amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of AD, involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes in response to pathological changes, potentially exacerbating neuronal damage. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, crucial for maintaining brain health. Phytochemicals, natural compounds found in plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as flavonoids, curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, have emerged as potential modulators of this axis, suggesting implications for AD prevention. Intake of phytochemicals influences the gut microbial composition and its metabolites, thereby impacting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may promote a healthy gut microbiota, fostering the production of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective substances. Early dietary incorporation of phytochemicals offers a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut-brain axis and potentially reducing AD risk or delaying its onset. The exploration of interventions targeting the gut-brain axis through phytochemical intake represents a promising avenue for the development of preventive or therapeutic strategies against AD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
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215
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Park Y, Zhang Y, Chang H, Menon V. Short-term number sense training recapitulates long-term neurodevelopmental changes from childhood to adolescence. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13524. [PMID: 38695515 PMCID: PMC11343340 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Number sense is fundamental to the development of numerical problem-solving skills. In early childhood, children establish associations between non-symbolic (e.g., a set of dots) and symbolic (e.g., Arabic numerals) representations of quantity. The developmental estrangement theory proposes that the relationship between non-symbolic and symbolic representations of quantity evolves with age, with increased dissociation across development. Consistent with this theory, recent research suggests that cross-format neural representational similarity (NRS) between non-symbolic and symbolic quantities is correlated with arithmetic fluency in children but not in adolescents. However, it is not known if short-term training (STT) can induce similar changes as long-term development. In this study, children aged 7-10 years underwent a theoretically motivated 4-week number sense training. Using multivariate neural pattern analysis, we investigated whether short-term learning could modify the relation between cross-format NRS and arithmetic skills. Our results revealed a significant correlation between cross-format NRS and arithmetic fluency in distributed brain regions, including the parietal and prefrontal cortices, prior to training. However, this association was no longer observed after training, and multivariate predictive models confirmed these findings. Our findings provide evidence that intensive STT during early childhood can promote behavioral improvements and neural plasticity that resemble and recapitulate long-term neurodevelopmental changes that occur from childhood to adolescence. More generally, our study contributes to our understanding of the malleability of number sense and highlights the potential for targeted interventions to shape neurodevelopmental trajectories in early childhood. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We tested the hypothesis that short-term number sense training induces the dissociation of symbolic numbers from non-symbolic representations of quantity in children. We leveraged a theoretically motivated intervention and multivariate pattern analysis to determine training-induced neurocognitive changes in the relation between number sense and arithmetic problem-solving skills. Neural representational similarity between non-symbolic and symbolic quantity representations was correlated with arithmetic skills before training but not after training. Short-term training recapitulates long-term neurodevelopmental changes associated with numerical problem-solving from childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Park
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hyesang Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, California, USA
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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216
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Ghosh Dastidar S, Pegwal N, Balhara YPS, Tayade P, Sharma R, Kaur S. Aberrance in default mode and executive network activity underlie working memory deficits in addictive disorders: A preliminary, exploratory case-control study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 343:111865. [PMID: 39102758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction can alter neural processes during rest and cognitive performance. Subjects with addictive disorders exhibit preoccupation and anticipation for the psychoactive substance when idle and cognitive deficits, during tasks. METHODS 128 channel EEG was recorded in sixty subjects (30, with alcohol, opioid and internet addiction; 30 controls) during rest and while performing working memory task to ascertain underlying differences in cortical activity between the groups while at rest and during performance of the task. Artifactually clean data was then subjected to source analysis using sLORETA software in both the groups. RESULTS EEG cortical source analysis in subjects with addictive disorders showed significant activation of areas of Default Mode Network (DMN) and reduced activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC), an area known to be involved in executive function, during performance of task. However, control subjects demonstrated significantly reduced activation in areas of DMN; and increased activation of DLPFC during task performance. CONCLUSION Inability to suppress DMN inhibits reallocation of neural resources to areas of executive functioning leading to working memory deficits in subjects with addictive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Ghosh Dastidar
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Nishi Pegwal
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- NDDTC and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Prashant Tayade
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Ratna Sharma
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Simran Kaur
- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India.
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217
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Fuentes M, Sales A, Charquero-Ballester M, García-Martí G, Meléndez JC, Espert R, Scheel M, Bauknecht HC, Simon K, Köpstein U, Gebauer S, Algarabel S. Impaired recollection and initially preserved familiarity in a patient with bilateral fornix transection following third ventricle colloid cyst removal: A two-year follow-up study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:994-1006. [PMID: 35917584 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recognition memory is widely accepted as a dual process-based model, namely familiarity and recollection. However, the location of their specific neurobiological substrates remains unclear. Similar to hippocampal damage, fornix damage has been associated with recollection memory but not familiarity memory deficits. To understand the neural basis of recognition memory, determining the importance of the fornix and its hippocampal connections is essential. METHODS Recognition memory was examined in a 45-year-old male who underwent a complete bilateral fornix section following the removal of a third ventricle colloid cyst. The application of familiarity and recollection for recognition memory decisions was investigated via an immediate and delayed associative recognition test and an immediate and delayed forced-choice task in the patient and a control group (N = 15) over a two-year follow-up period. Complete demographic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and neuroradiological characterizations of this patient were performed. RESULTS Persistent immediate and delayed verbal recollection memory deficits were observed in the patient. Moreover, delayed familiarity-based recognition memory declined gradually over the follow-up period, immediate familiarity-based recognition memory was unaffected, and reduced non-verbal memory improved. CONCLUSION The present findings support models that the extended hippocampal system, including the fornices, does not appear to play a role in familiarity memory but is particularly important for recollection memory. Moreover, our study suggests that bilateral fornix transection may be associated with relatively functional recovery of non-verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Geriatrics and Day Centre, Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery Centre, Caritas-Klinik Dominikus, Berlin-Reinickendorf, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicia Sales
- Department of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gracián García-Martí
- CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Quirónsalud Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Raul Espert
- Department of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Scheel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Bauknecht
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Simon
- Department of Geriatrics and Day Centre, Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery Centre, Caritas-Klinik Dominikus, Berlin-Reinickendorf, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Köpstein
- Department of Geriatrics and Day Centre, Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery Centre, Caritas-Klinik Dominikus, Berlin-Reinickendorf, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Gebauer
- Department of Geriatrics and Day Centre, Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery Centre, Caritas-Klinik Dominikus, Berlin-Reinickendorf, Berlin, Germany
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218
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Wu Y, Wang H, Hu Z, Pan M, Wu Y, Guo X, Ge J, Wang Z, Yang M. The pyrexia channel remodels egg-laying of Liriomyza huidobrensis in response to temperature change. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4306-4313. [PMID: 38629874 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, is one of the most important insect pests on vegetables and ornamentals. The survival and egg-laying behavior of leafminers are markedly affected by the environment temperature. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between egg-laying and temperature are still largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we find that leafminers have evolved an adaptive strategy to overcome the stress from high or low temperature by regulating oviposition-punching plasticity. We further show that this oviposition-punching plasticity is mediated by the expression of pyx in the ovipositor when subjected to disadvantageous temperature. Specifically, down-regulation of pyx expression in leafminers under low temperature stress led to a significant decrease in the swing numbers of ovipositor and puncture area of the egg spot, and consequently the lower amount of egg-laying compared to leafminers at ambient temperature. Conversely, activation of pyx expression under high temperature stress increased the swing numbers and puncture area, still resulting in a reduction of egg-laying amount. CONCLUSION Thereby, leafminers are able to coordinate pyx channel expression level and accordingly depress the oviposition. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the adaptive strategy in insects that can avoid disadvantageous temperature for reproducing offspring. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchen Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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219
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Miles AE, Rashid SS, Dos Santos FC, Clifford KP, Sibille E, Nikolova YS. Neurodevelopmental signature of a transcriptome-based polygenic risk score for depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116030. [PMID: 38909414 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling the molecular underpinnings of major depressive disorder (MDD) is necessary for identifying new treatment and prevention targets. The functional impact of depression-related transcriptomic changes on the brain remains relatively unexplored. We recently developed a novel transcriptome-based polygenic risk score (tPRS) composed of genes transcriptionally altered in MDD. Here, we sought to investigate effects of tPRS on brain structure in a developmental cohort (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study; n = 5124; 2387 female) at baseline (9-10 years) and 2-year follow-up (11-12 years). We tested associations between tPRS and Freesurfer-derived measures of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume. Across the whole sample, higher tPRS was significantly associated with thicker left posterior cingulate cortex at both baseline and 2-year follow-up. In females only, tPRS was associated with lower right hippocampal volume at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and lower right pallidal volume at baseline. Furthermore, regional subcortical volume significantly mediated an indirect effect of tPRS on depressive symptoms in females at both timepoints. Conversely, tPRS did not have significant effects on cortical surface area. These findings suggest the existence of a sex-specific neurodevelopmental signature associated with shifts towards a more depression-like brain transcriptome, and highlight novel pathways of developmentally mediated MDD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Miles
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah S Rashid
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernanda C Dos Santos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan P Clifford
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Mulcahy JV, Beckley JT, Klas SD, Odink DA, Delwig A, Pajouhesh H, Monteleone D, Zhou X, Du Bois J, Yeomans DC, Luu G, Hunter JC. ST-2560, a selective inhibitor of the Na V1.7 sodium channel, affects nocifensive and cardiovascular reflexes in non-human primates. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3160-3171. [PMID: 38715413 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The voltage-gated sodium channel isoform NaV1.7 is a high-interest target for the development of non-opioid analgesics due to its preferential expression in pain-sensing neurons. NaV1.7 is also expressed in autonomic neurons, yet its contribution to involuntary visceral reflexes has received limited attention. The small molecule inhibitor ST-2560 was advanced into pain behaviour and cardiovascular models to understand the pharmacodynamic effects of selective inhibition of NaV1.7. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Potency of ST-2560 at NaV1.7 and off-target ion channels was evaluated by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Effects on nocifensive reflexes were assessed in non-human primate (NHP) behavioural models, employing the chemical capsaicin and mechanical stimuli. Cardiovascular parameters were monitored continuously in freely-moving, telemetered NHPs following administration of vehicle and ST-2560. KEY RESULTS ST-2560 is a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 39 nM) of NaV1.7 in primates with ≥1000-fold selectivity over other isoforms of the human NaV1.x family. Following systemic administration, ST-2560 (0.1-0.3 mg·kg-1, s.c.) suppressed noxious mechanical- and chemical-evoked reflexes at free plasma concentrations threefold to fivefold above NaV1.7 IC50. ST-2560 (0.1-1.0 mg·kg-1, s.c.) also produced changes in haemodynamic parameters, most notably a 10- to 20-mmHg reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, at similar exposures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Acute pharmacological inhibition of NaV1.7 is antinociceptive, but also has the potential to impact the cardiovascular system. Further work is merited to understand the role of NaV1.7 in autonomic ganglia involved in the control of heart rate and blood pressure, and the effect of selective NaV1.7 inhibition on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Mulcahy
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob T Beckley
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheri D Klas
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Debra A Odink
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anton Delwig
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hassan Pajouhesh
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Justin Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David C Yeomans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - George Luu
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John C Hunter
- SiteOne Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Del Mauro G, Li Y, Wang Z. Global brain connectivity: Test-retest stability and association with biological and neurocognitive variables. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110205. [PMID: 38914376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global brain connectivity (GBC) enables measuring brain regions' functional connectivity strength at rest by computing the average correlation between each brain voxel's time-series and that of all other voxels. NEW METHOD We used resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data of young adult participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset to explore the test-retest stability of GBC, the brain regions with higher or lower GBC, as well as the associations of this measure with age, sex, and fluid intelligence. GBC was computed by considering separately the positive and negative correlation coefficients (positive GBC and negative GBC). RESULTS Test-retest stability was higher for positive compared to negative GBC. Areas with higher GBC were located in the default mode network, insula, and visual areas, while regions with lower GBC were in subcortical regions, temporal cortex, and cerebellum. Higher age was related to global reduction of positive GBC. Males displayed higher positive GBC in the whole brain. Fluid intelligence was associated to increased positive GBC in fronto-parietal, occipital and temporal regions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Compared to previous works, this study adopted a larger sample size and tested GBC stability using data from different rs-fMRI sessions. Moreover, these associations were examined by testing positive and negative GBC separately. CONCLUSIONS Lower stability for negative compared to positive GBC suggests that negative correlations may reflect less stable couplings between brain regions. Our findings indicate a greater importance of positive compared to negative GBC for the associations of functional connectivity strength with biological and neurocognitive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St, HSF III, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States.
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Yang DW, Shim HM, Kim MS, Kim SH. Spatiotemporal regulation of dental pulpal innervation in the rat. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13093. [PMID: 39056435 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The dental pulp is a highly innervated tissue transmitting pain-related sensations in the tooth. Consequently, understanding the intricacies of its innervation mechanism in odontogenesis is crucial for gaining insights into dental pain and developing dental pain-modulating agents. This study examined neuroregulatory molecules such as neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], neurotrophin-4 [NTF-4], and neurturin [NRTN]) and neuroinhibitory factors (slit2, ephrin isoforms and netrin-1) in developing rat teeth with follicles. NGF, BDNF and NRTN transcriptions showed time-dependent upregulation, particularly during the root formation stage. In contrast, NTF-4 mRNA was highly expressed at the cap stage, but became downregulated over time. Slit2 and ephrin-B2 expression was distinct at the cap stage and then downregulated in a time-dependent manner. Ephrin-A5 and netrin-1 expression did not significantly change. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a robust expression of both ephrin-B2 and slit2 in the outer and inner dental epithelia of the enamel organ, a non-neurogenic tissue, during the cap stage of 3rd molar germs. In contrast, BDNF was predominantly localized in dental papilla cells and odontoblasts during the root formation stage. These results suggest that neuroregulatory molecules, such as BDNF, slit2 and ephrin-B2, may be important in identifying therapeutic targets for modulating dental pulp pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Shim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Hsiao A, Block HJ. The role of explicit knowledge in compensating for a visuo-proprioceptive cue conflict. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2249-2261. [PMID: 39042277 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear how explicit knowledge of an externally imposed mismatch between visual and proprioceptive cues of hand position affects perceptual recalibration. The Bayesian causal inference framework might suggest such knowledge should abolish the visual and proprioceptive recalibration that occurs when individuals perceive these cues as coming from the same source (their hand), while the visuomotor adaptation literature suggests explicit knowledge of a cue conflict does not eliminate implicit compensatory processes. Here we compared visual and proprioceptive recalibration in three groups with varying levels of knowledge about the visuo-proprioceptive cue conflict. All participants estimated the position of visual, proprioceptive, or combined targets related to their left index fingertip, with a 70 mm visuo-proprioceptive offset gradually imposed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 received no information, medium information, and high information, respectively, about the offset. Information was manipulated using instructional and visual cues. All groups performed the task similarly at baseline in terms of variance, weighting, and integration. Results suggest the three groups recalibrated vision and proprioception differently, but there was no difference in variance or weighting. Participants who received only instructional cues about the mismatch (Group 2) did not recalibrate less, on average, than participants provided no information about the mismatch (Group 1). However, participants provided instructional cues and extra visual cues of their hands during the perturbation (Group 3) demonstrated significantly less recalibration than other groups. These findings are consistent with the idea that instructional cues alone are insufficient to override participants' intrinsic belief in common cause and reduce recalibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hsiao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., PH 112, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Hannah J Block
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., PH 112, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Moussa-Tooks AB, Beermann A, Manzanarez Felix K, Coleman M, Bouix S, Holt D, Lewandowski KE, Öngür D, Breier A, Shenton ME, Heckers S, Walther S, Brady RO, Ward HB. Isolation of Distinct Networks Driving Action and Cognition in Psychomotor Processes. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:390-400. [PMID: 38452884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychomotor disturbances are observed across psychiatric disorders and often manifest as psychomotor slowing, agitation, disorganized behavior, or catatonia. Psychomotor function includes both cognitive and motor components, but the neural circuits driving these subprocesses and how they relate to symptoms have remained elusive for centuries. METHODS We analyzed data from the HCP-EP (Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis), a multisite study of 125 participants with early psychosis and 58 healthy participants with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical characterization. Psychomotor function was assessed using the 9-hole pegboard task, a timed motor task that engages mechanical and psychomotor components of action, and tasks assessing processing speed and task switching. We used multivariate pattern analysis of whole-connectome data to identify brain correlates of psychomotor function. RESULTS We identified discrete brain circuits driving the cognitive and motor components of psychomotor function. In our combined sample of participants with psychosis (n = 89) and healthy control participants (n = 52), the strongest correlates of psychomotor function (pegboard performance) (p < .005) were between a midline cerebellar region and left frontal region and presupplementary motor area. Psychomotor function was correlated with both cerebellar-frontal connectivity (r = 0.33) and cerebellar-presupplementary motor area connectivity (r = 0.27). However, the cognitive component of psychomotor performance (task switching) was correlated only with cerebellar-frontal connectivity (r = 0.19), whereas the motor component (processing speed) was correlated only with cerebellar-presupplementary motor area connectivity (r = 0.15), suggesting distinct circuits driving unique subprocesses of psychomotor function. CONCLUSIONS We identified cerebellar-cortical circuits that drive distinct subprocesses of psychomotor function. Future studies should probe relationships between cerebellar connectivity and psychomotor performance using neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Moussa-Tooks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Adam Beermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daphne Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Burrell Ward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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da Silva Costa AA, Moraes R, den Otter R, Gennaro F, Bakker L, Rocha Dos Santos PC, Hortobágyi T. Corticomuscular and intermuscular coherence as a function of age and walking balance difficulty. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:85-101. [PMID: 38850592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
We determined beta-band intermuscular (IMC) and corticomuscular coherence (CMC) as a function of age and walking balance difficulty. Younger (n=14, 23y) and older individuals (n=19, 71y) walked 13 m overground, on a 6-cm-wide ribbon overground, and on a 6-cm-wide (5-cm-high) beam. Walking distance as a proxy for walking balance and speed were computed. CMC was estimated between electroencephalographic signal at Cz electrode and surface electromyographic signals of seven leg muscles, while IMC was calculated in four pairs of leg muscles, during stance and swing gait phases. With increasing difficulty, walking balance decreased in old individuals and speed decreased gradually independent of age. Beam walking increased IMC, while age increased IMC in proximal muscle pairs, and decreased IMC in distal muscle pairs. Age and difficulty increased CMC independent of gait phases. Concluding, CMC and IMC increased with walking balance difficulty and age, except for distal muscle pairs, which had lower IMC with age. These findings suggest an age-related increase in corticospinal involvement in the neural control of walking balance. DATA AVAILABILITY: The datasets used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Abud da Silva Costa
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renato Moraes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rob den Otter
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Federico Gennaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisanne Bakker
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- Department of Computer Science & Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; The Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; IDOR/Pioneer Science Initiative, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest 1123, Hungary; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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226
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Sasaki H, Mizuta K. Diurnal variation in asthma symptoms: Exploring the role of melatonin. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:519-524. [PMID: 38925352 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease affecting more than 260 million people worldwide. Nocturnal exacerbations of asthma symptoms significantly affect sleep quality and contribute to the most serious asthma exacerbations, which can lead to respiratory failure or death. Although β2-adrenoceptor agonists are the standard of care for asthma, their bronchodilatory effect for nocturnal asthma is limited, and medications that specifically target symptoms of nocturnal asthma are lacking. HIGHLIGHT Melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms. Peak serum melatonin concentrations, which are inversely correlated with diurnal changes in pulmonary function, are higher in patients with nocturnal asthma than in healthy individuals. Melatonin potentiates bronchoconstriction through the melatonin MT2 receptor expressed in the smooth muscles of the airway and attenuates the bronchodilatory effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists, thereby exacerbating asthma symptoms. Melatonin inhibits mucus secretion and airway inflammation, potentially ameliorating asthma symptoms. CONCLUSION Melatonin may exacerbate or ameliorate various pathophysiological conditions associated with asthma. As a potential therapeutic agent for asthma, the balance between its detrimental effects on airway smooth muscles and its beneficial effects on mucus production and inflammation remains unclear. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether melatonin worsens or improves asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
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227
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Kirk HE, Richmond S, Gaunson T, Bennett M, Herschtal A, Bellgrove M, Cornish K. A 5-week Digital Intervention to Reduce Attention Problems in Children With ADHD: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1454-1466. [PMID: 38804292 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241256269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests digital interventions may provide neurocognitive benefits for children with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a digital attention intervention in children with ADHD. METHOD In this double-blind randomized controlled trial 55 children with ADHD (5-9 years) were allocated to the intervention (N = 28) or control program (N = 27). Both programs were delivered via touchscreen tablets at home 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The primary outcome was change in the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) Attention Comparison Score (ACS) from pre- to post-intervention. RESULTS Participants who received the intervention had significantly greater improvements in the TOVA ACS from pre- to post-intervention than those in the control (p < .044). No intervention effects were observed on secondary outcomes assessing executive functioning, ADHD symptoms, or functional impairment. CONCLUSION Collectively these findings provide insufficient evidence for the implementation of digital attention interventions for children with ADHD.
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228
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Cha O, Blake R. Procedure for extracting temporal structure embedded within psychophysical data. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:5482-5500. [PMID: 37993671 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The idea that mental events unfold over time with an intrinsically paced regularity has a long history within experimental psychology, and it has gained traction from the actual measurement of brain rhythms evident in EEG signals recorded from the human brain and from direct recordings of action potentials and local field potentials within the nervous systems of nonhumans. The weak link in this idea, however, is the challenge of extracting signatures of this temporal structure from behavioral measures. Because there is nothing in the seamless stream of conscious awareness that belies rhythmic modulations in sensitivity or mental acuity, one must deploy inferential strategies for extracting evidence for the existence of temporal regularities in neural activity. We have devised a parametric procedure for analysis of temporal structure embedded in behaviorally measured data comprising durations. We confirm that this procedure, dubbed PATS, achieves comparable results to those obtained using spectral analysis, and that it outperforms conventional spectral analysis when analyzing human response time data containing just a few hundred data points per condition. PATS offers an efficient, sensitive means for bridging the gap between oscillations identified neurophysiologically and estimates of rhythmicity embedded within durations measured behaviorally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oakyoon Cha
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 02844, Republic of Korea.
| | - Randolph Blake
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
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Bach P, Frank C, Kunde W. Why motor imagery is not really motoric: towards a re-conceptualization in terms of effect-based action control. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:1790-1804. [PMID: 36515699 PMCID: PMC11315751 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Overt and imagined action seem inextricably linked. Both have similar timing, activate shared brain circuits, and motor imagery influences overt action and vice versa. Motor imagery is, therefore, often assumed to recruit the same motor processes that govern action execution, and which allow one to play through or simulate actions offline. Here, we advance a very different conceptualization. Accordingly, the links between imagery and overt action do not arise because action imagery is intrinsically motoric, but because action planning is intrinsically imaginistic and occurs in terms of the perceptual effects one want to achieve. Seen like this, the term 'motor imagery' is a misnomer of what is more appropriately portrayed as 'effect imagery'. In this article, we review the long-standing arguments for effect-based accounts of action, which are often ignored in motor imagery research. We show that such views provide a straightforward account of motor imagery. We review the evidence for imagery-execution overlaps through this new lens and argue that they indeed emerge because every action we execute is planned, initiated and controlled through an imagery-like process. We highlight findings that this new view can now explain and point out open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Bach
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, William Guild Building, Kings College, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Department of Sports and Movement Science, School of Educational and Cultural Studies, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wilfried Kunde
- Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
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230
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Zedde M, Grisendi I, Assenza F, Napoli M, Moratti C, Di Cecco G, Pavone C, Bonacini L, D'Aniello S, Pezzella FR, Romano A, Pavesi G, Valzania F, Pascarella R. Cerebellar mutism syndrome caused by bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage in adults: a case report and review of the literature. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4161-4171. [PMID: 38724752 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a frequent complication of surgical intervention on posterior fossa in children. It has been only occasionally reported in adults and its features have not been fully characterized. In children and in young adults, medulloblastoma is the main reason for neurosurgery. A single case of postsurgical CMS is presented in an adult patient with a cerebellar hemorrhage and a systematic review of the published individual cases of CMS in adults was done. Literature review of individual cases found 30 patients, 18/30 (60%) males, from 20 to 71 years at diagnosis. All but one case was post-surgical, but in one of the post-surgical cases iatrogenic basilar artery occlusion was proposed as cause for CMS. The causes were: primary tumors of the posterior fossa in 16/22 (72.7%) metastasis in 3/30 (10%), ischemia in 3/30 (10%) cerebellar hemorrhage in 3/30 (10%), and benign lesions in 2/30 (6.7%) patients. 8/30 patients (26.7%) were reported as having persistent or incomplete resolution of CMS within 12 months. CMS is a rare occurrence in adults and spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage has been reported in 3/30 (10%) adult patients. The generally accepted hypothesis is that CMS results from bilateral damage to the dentate nucleus or the dentate-rubro-thalamic tract, leading to cerebro-cerebellar diaschisis. Several causes might contribute in adults. The prognosis of CMS is slightly worse in adults than in children, but two thirds of cases show a complete resolution within 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Grisendi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Assenza
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Manuela Napoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Moratti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Cecco
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pavone
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lara Bonacini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Serena D'Aniello
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Romano
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pavesi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Zlamalova E, Rodger C, Greco F, Cheers SR, Kleniuk J, Nadadhur AG, Kadlecova Z, Reid E. Atlastin-1 regulates endosomal tubulation and lysosomal proteolysis in human cortical neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106556. [PMID: 38851544 PMCID: PMC11300884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the ATL1 gene is one of the most common causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a group of genetic neurodegenerative conditions characterised by distal axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tract axons. Atlastin-1, the protein encoded by ATL1, is one of three mammalian atlastins, which are homologous dynamin-like GTPases that control endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology by fusing tubules to form the three-way junctions that characterise ER networks. However, it is not clear whether atlastin-1 is required for correct ER morphology in human neurons and if so what the functional consequences of lack of atlastin-1 are. Using CRISPR-inhibition we generated human cortical neurons lacking atlastin-1. We demonstrate that ER morphology was altered in these neurons, with a reduced number of three-way junctions. Neurons lacking atlastin-1 had longer endosomal tubules, suggestive of defective tubule fission. This was accompanied by reduced lysosomal proteolytic capacity. As well as demonstrating that atlastin-1 is required for correct ER morphology in human neurons, our results indicate that lack of a classical ER-shaping protein such as atlastin-1 may cause altered endosomal tubulation and lysosomal proteolytic dysfunction. Furthermore, they strengthen the idea that defective lysosome function contributes to the pathogenesis of a broad group of HSPs, including those where the primary localisation of the protein involved is not at the endolysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Zlamalova
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Rodger
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samuel R Cheers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Kleniuk
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aishwarya G Nadadhur
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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232
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Baridjavadi Z, Mahmoudi M, Abdollahi N, Ebadpour N, Mollazadeh S, Haghmorad D, Esmaeili SA. The humoral immune landscape in Parkinson's disease: Unraveling antibody and B cell changes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4109. [PMID: 39189398 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. Although the role of neuroinflammation and cellular immunity in PD has been extensively studied, the involvement of humoral immunity mediated by antibodies and B cells has received less attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of humoral immunity in PD. Here, we discuss alterations in B cells in PD, including changes in their number and phenotype. Evidence mostly indicates a decrease in the quantity of B cells in PD, accompanied by a shift in the population from naïve to memory cells. Furthermore, the existence of autoantibodies that target several antigens in PD has been investigated (i.e., anti-α-syn autoantibodies, anti-glial-derived antigen antibodies, anti-Tau antibodies, antineuromelanin antibodies, and antibodies against the renin-angiotensin system). Several autoantibodies are generated in PD, which may either provide protection or have harmful effects on disease progression. Furthermore, we have reviewed studies focusing on the utilization of antibodies as a potential treatment for PD, both in animal and clinical trials. This review sheds light on the intricate interplay between antibodies and the pathological processes in PD, including complement system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baridjavadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Abdollahi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Ebadpour
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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233
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Yang D, Zhang X, Luo X, Zhang F, Sun S, Shaocheng L, Zhao X, Zhou J. Abnormal Local Brain Activity and Cognitive Impairments in Young Non-Disabled Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:941-951. [PMID: 38146647 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has identified static changes of local brain activity among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the dynamic and concordance-related characteristics of brain activity remain unclear. PURPOSE To investigate static, dynamic, and concordance-related features of the regional brain activity of young non-disabled ICH patients. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty-three ICH patients (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2, 21% female, 46.36 ± 6.53) and 33 matched healthy controls (HCs) (21% female, 47.64 ± 6.16). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-T, rs-fMRI using gradient echo-planar imaging, T1-weighted imaging. ASSESSMENT Neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data were acquired from all participants. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, global signal correlation (GSCorr) and degree centrality (DC), and their dynamic and concordance-related changes with sliding window analysis were calculated based on rs-fMRI data at a whole-brain level. The burden of cerebral small vascular diseases (cSVD) was assessed by cSVD scores. All hemorrhage lesions were delineated on normalized T1 images. STATISTICAL TESTS Multiple regression models, a voxel-level uncorrected P < 0.001, a cluster-level false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q < 0.05, a re-corrected qFDR <0.05 were considered significant. Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses between fMRI data and neurocognitive performance were performed. RESULTS Compared to HCs, ICH patients showed significant abnormal changes of ALFF, dynamic ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, dynamic ReHo, GSCorr, DC, and voxel-wise concordance in multiple brain regions mainly including the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, ipsilesional thalamus, and bilateral middle cingulum gyrus. The ALFF in the cerebellar posterior lobe and thalamus were significantly associated with attention (r = -0.481) and executive function (rho = -0.521) in ICH patients. DATA CONCLUSION Young non-disabled ICH patients exhibit static, dynamic, and concordance-related alterations of local brain activity, part of which shows associations with cognitive functions. These findings may help comprehensively understand the mechanism of cognitive impairment after ICH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqi Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Shaocheng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Qiang RR, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Bai XY, Zhang D, Li YJ, Yang YL, Liu XL. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for targeting Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105773. [PMID: 38789042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis, which involves the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Many recent studies have revealed a close association between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of AD. Factors such as ferroptosis-associated iron overload, lipid peroxidation, disturbances in redox homeostasis, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species have been found to contribute to the pathological progression of AD. In this review, we explore the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, describe the link between ferroptosis and AD, and examine the reported efficacy of ferroptosis inhibitors in treating AD. Finally, we discuss the potential challenges to ferroptosis inhibitors use in the clinic, enabling their faster use in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Yan'an University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xin Yue Bai
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yang Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yan Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao Long Liu
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
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235
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Gargareta VI, Berghoff SA, Krauter D, Hümmert S, Marshall-Phelps KLH, Möbius W, Nave KA, Fledrich R, Werner HB, Eichel-Vogel MA. Myelinated peripheral axons are more vulnerable to mechanical trauma in a model of enlarged axonal diameters. Glia 2024; 72:1572-1589. [PMID: 38895764 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The velocity of axonal impulse propagation is facilitated by myelination and axonal diameters. Both parameters are frequently impaired in peripheral nerve disorders, but it is not known if the diameters of myelinated axons affect the liability to injury or the efficiency of functional recovery. Mice lacking the adaxonal myelin protein chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL-transmembrane domain-containing family member-6 (CMTM6) specifically from Schwann cells (SCs) display appropriate myelination but increased diameters of peripheral axons. Here we subjected Cmtm6-cKo mice as a model of enlarged axonal diameters to a mild sciatic nerve compression injury that causes temporarily reduced axonal diameters but otherwise comparatively moderate pathology of the axon/myelin-unit. Notably, both of these pathological features were worsened in Cmtm6-cKo compared to genotype-control mice early post-injury. The increase of axonal diameters caused by CMTM6-deficiency thus does not override their injury-dependent decrease. Accordingly, we did not detect signs of improved regeneration or functional recovery after nerve compression in Cmtm6-cKo mice; depleting CMTM6 in SCs is thus not a promising strategy toward enhanced recovery after nerve injury. Conversely, the exacerbated axonal damage in Cmtm6-cKo nerves early post-injury coincided with both enhanced immune response including foamy macrophages and SCs and transiently reduced grip strength. Our observations support the concept that larger peripheral axons are particularly susceptible toward mechanical trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki-Ilya Gargareta
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Doris Krauter
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Hümmert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria A Eichel-Vogel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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236
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Mei Q, Li W, Feng H, Zhang J, Li J, Yin J, Lukacs-Kornek V, Kurts C, Dai S, Zhao X, Ai Q, Yu C, Xu F, Xi X, Liu F, Song D, Wang Y, Zhong L, Ashford JW, Ashford C, Liu X, Wang H. Chinese hospital staff in anxiety and depression: Not only comfort patients but also should be comforted - A nationwide cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:126-136. [PMID: 38815757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals are in short supply worldwide, especially in China, which can result in increased stress in the work environment and allostatic load for Chinese hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their relationship with total stress, allostatic overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory among Chinese hospital staff. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, self-assessments including Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PsychoSocial Index (PSI), Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index (PSQI), and MemTrax test were used to evaluate participants' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, total stress, allostatic load/overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory. RESULTS A total of 9433 hospital staff from 304 cities participated. Anxiety prevalence was 21.0 % (95 % confidential interval (CI) 20.2 %, 21.8 %), while the prevalence of depressive symptoms was at 21.4 % (95 % CI 20.5 %, 22.2 %). 79.8 % (95 % CI 79.0 %, 80.6 %) of the hospital staff had allostatic overload. Poor sleep quality affected 50.4 % of participants, and 32.1 % experienced poor episodic memory. LIMITATIONS This study utilized a convenience sampling approach, relying on an online survey as its data collection method. CONCLUSIONS Hospital staff in China are facing a stressful environment with a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, significant allostatic overload, poor sleep quality, and compromised episodic memory. It is imperative that local management and community structures enhance their support and care for these essential workers, enabling them to manage and withstand the stresses of their professional roles effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijing Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shujuan Dai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Qinglong Ai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Anning First People's Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - DaoYuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Lianmei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - John Wesson Ashford
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto HCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Kunming, China; Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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237
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Kandemir G, Olivers C. Comparing Neural Correlates of Memory Encoding and Maintenance for Foveal and Peripheral Stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1807-1826. [PMID: 38940724 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Visual working memory is believed to rely on top-down attentional mechanisms that sustain active sensory representations in early visual cortex, a mechanism referred to as sensory recruitment. However, both bottom-up sensory input and top-down attentional modulations thereof appear to prioritize the fovea over the periphery, such that initially peripheral percepts may even be assimilated by foveal processes. This raises the question whether and how visual working memory differs for central and peripheral input. To address this, we conducted a delayed orientation recall task in which an orientation was presented either at the center of the screen or at 15° eccentricity to the left or right. Response accuracy, EEG activity, and gaze position were recorded from 30 participants. Accuracy was slightly but significantly higher for foveal versus peripheral memories. Decoding of EEG recordings revealed a clear dissociation between early sensory and later maintenance signals. Although sensory signals were clearly decodable for foveal stimuli, they were not for peripheral input. In contrast, maintenance signals were equally decodable for both foveal and peripheral memories, suggesting comparable top-down components regardless of eccentricity. Moreover, although memory representations were initially spatially specific and reflected in voltage fluctuations, later during the maintenance period, they generalized across locations, as emerged in alpha oscillations, thus revealing a dynamic transformation within memory from separate sensory traces to what we propose are common output-related codes. Furthermore, the combined absence of reliable decoding of sensory signals and robust presence of maintenance decoding indicates that storage activity patterns as measured by EEG reflect signals beyond primary visual cortex. We discuss the implications for the sensory recruitment hypothesis.
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238
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Ding P, Wahn H, Chen FD, Li J, Mu X, Stalmashonak A, Luo X, Lo GQ, Poon JKS, Sacher WD. Photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field computational fluorescence brain imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11503. [PMID: 38322247 PMCID: PMC10846542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is widely used for high-speed, high-contrast, volumetric imaging. Application of this technique to in vivo brain imaging in non-transparent organisms has been limited by the geometric constraints of conventional light-sheet microscopes, which require orthogonal fluorescence excitation and collection objectives. We have recently demonstrated implantable photonic neural probes that emit addressable light sheets at depth in brain tissue, miniaturizing the excitation optics. Here, we propose a microendoscope consisting of a light-sheet neural probe packaged together with miniaturized fluorescence collection optics based on an image fiber bundle for lensless, light-field, computational fluorescence imaging. Aim Foundry-fabricated, silicon-based, light-sheet neural probes can be packaged together with commercially available image fiber bundles to form microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging at depth in brain tissue. Approach Prototype microendoscopes were developed using light-sheet neural probes with five addressable sheets and image fiber bundles. Fluorescence imaging with the microendoscopes was tested with fluorescent beads suspended in agarose and fixed mouse brain tissue. Results Volumetric light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging was demonstrated using the microendoscopes. Increased imaging depth and enhanced reconstruction accuracy were observed relative to epi-illumination light-field imaging using only a fiber bundle. Conclusions Our work offers a solution toward volumetric fluorescence imaging of brain tissue with a compact size and high contrast. The proof-of-concept demonstrations herein illustrate the operating principles and methods of the imaging approach, providing a foundation for future investigations of photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for deep-brain fluorescence imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Ding
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Wahn
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Fu-Der Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Mu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Joyce K. S. Poon
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wesley D. Sacher
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McGorry PD, Mei C, Dalal N, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Blakemore SJ, Browne V, Dooley B, Hickie IB, Jones PB, McDaid D, Mihalopoulos C, Wood SJ, El Azzouzi FA, Fazio J, Gow E, Hanjabam S, Hayes A, Morris A, Pang E, Paramasivam K, Quagliato Nogueira I, Tan J, Adelsheim S, Broome MR, Cannon M, Chanen AM, Chen EYH, Danese A, Davis M, Ford T, Gonsalves PP, Hamilton MP, Henderson J, John A, Kay-Lambkin F, Le LKD, Kieling C, Mac Dhonnagáin N, Malla A, Nieman DH, Rickwood D, Robinson J, Shah JL, Singh S, Soosay I, Tee K, Twenge J, Valmaggia L, van Amelsvoort T, Verma S, Wilson J, Yung A, Iyer SN, Killackey E. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:731-774. [PMID: 39147461 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Cristina Mei
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Vivienne Browne
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Ella Gow
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Elina Pang
- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | - Steven Adelsheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Broome
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; LKS School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maryann Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pattie P Gonsalves
- Youth Mental Health Group, Sangath, New Delhi, India; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Matthew P Hamilton
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Long K-D Le
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University Health Economics Group, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Ashok Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Rickwood
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jai L Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Swaran Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ian Soosay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen Tee
- Foundry, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Twenge
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jon Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; ACCESS Open Minds and Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Eóin Killackey
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Callow DD, Spira AP, Bakker A, Smith JC. Sleep Quality Moderates the Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hippocampal and Entorhinal Volume in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1740-1746. [PMID: 38742864 PMCID: PMC11326995 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE As individuals age, the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus-crucial structures for memory-tend to atrophy, with related cognitive decline. Simultaneously, lifestyle factors that can be modified, such as exercise and sleep, have been separately linked to slowing of brain atrophy and functional decline. However, the synergistic impact of fitness and sleep on susceptible brain structures in aging adults remains uncertain. METHODS We examined both independent and interactive associations of fitness and subjective sleep quality with regard to ERC thickness and hippocampal volume in 598 middle-aged and older adults from the Human Connectome Lifespan Aging Project. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 2-min walk test, whereas subjective sleep quality was measured with the continuous Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine mean ERC thickness and bilateral hippocampal volume. Through multiple linear regression analyses, we investigated the moderating effects of subjective sleep quality on the association between fitness and brain structure, accounting for age, sex, education, body mass index, gait speed, and subjective physical activity. RESULTS We found that greater cardiorespiratory fitness, but not subjective sleep quality, was positively associated with bilateral hippocampal volume and ERC thickness. Notably, significant interaction effects suggest that poor subjective sleep quality was associated with a weaker association between fitness and both hippocampal volume and ERC thickness. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the potential importance of both cardiorespiratory fitness and subjective sleep quality in preserving critical, age-vulnerable brain structures. Interventions targeting brain health should consider potential combined effects of sleep and fitness on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
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241
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Ertl N, Freeman TP, Mokrysz C, Ofori S, Borissova A, Petrilli K, Curran HV, Lawn W, Wall MB. Acute effects of different types of cannabis on young adult and adolescent resting-state brain networks. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1640-1651. [PMID: 38806583 PMCID: PMC11319659 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of rapid neurodevelopment and the endocannabinoid system is particularly prone to change during this time. Cannabis is a commonly used drug with a particularly high prevalence of use among adolescents. The two predominant phytocannabinoids are Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which affect the endocannabinoid system. It is unknown whether this period of rapid development makes adolescents more or less vulnerable to the effects of cannabis on brain-network connectivity, and whether CBD may attenuate the effects of THC. Using fMRI, we explored the impact of vaporized cannabis (placebo, THC: 8 mg/75 kg, THC + CBD: 8 mg/75 kg THC & 24 mg/75 kg CBD) on resting-state networks in groups of semi-regular cannabis users (usage frequency between 0.5 and 3 days/week), consisting of 22 adolescents (16-17 years) and 24 young adults (26-29 years) matched for cannabis use frequency. Cannabis caused reductions in within-network connectivity in the default mode (F[2,88] = 3.97, P = 0.022, η² = 0.018), executive control (F[2,88] = 18.62, P < 0.001, η² = 0.123), salience (F[2,88] = 12.12, P < 0.001, η² = 0.076), hippocampal (F[2,88] = 14.65, P < 0.001, η² = 0.087), and limbic striatal (F[2,88] = 16.19, P < 0.001, η² = 0.102) networks compared to placebo. Whole-brain analysis showed cannabis significantly disrupted functional connectivity with cortical regions and the executive control, salience, hippocampal, and limbic striatal networks compared to placebo. CBD did not counteract THC's effects and further reduced connectivity both within networks and the whole brain. While age-related differences were observed, there were no interactions between age group and cannabis treatment in any brain network. Overall, these results challenge the assumption that CBD can make cannabis safer, as CBD did not attenuate THC effects (and in some cases potentiated them); furthermore, they show that cannabis causes similar disruption to resting-state connectivity in the adolescent and adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ertl
- Invicro London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Claire Mokrysz
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Shelan Ofori
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Anna Borissova
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kat Petrilli
- Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - H Valerie Curran
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - Will Lawn
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Invicro London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
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242
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Schoukroun F, Befort K, Bourdy R. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus gates fat overconsumption through ventral tegmental area output in male rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1569-1579. [PMID: 38570645 PMCID: PMC11319719 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of palatable foods that are rich in fats and sugars has contributed to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. Similar to addictive drugs, such foods activate the brain's reward circuit, involving mesolimbic dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the prefrontal cortex. Neuroadaptations occurring in this circuit are hypothesized to contribute to uncontrolled consumption of such foods, a common feature of most of eating disorders and obesity. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), also named tail of the VTA (tVTA), is an inhibitory structure projecting to the VTA and the lateral hypothalamus (LH), two key brain regions in food intake regulation. Prior research has demonstrated that the RMTg responds to addictive drugs and influences their impact on mesolimbic activity and reward-related behaviors. However, the role of the RMTg in food intake regulation remains largely unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the RMTg and its projections to the VTA and the LH in regulating food intake in rats. To do so, we examined eating patterns of rats with either bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the RMTg or specific lesions of RMTg-VTA and RMTg-LH pathways. Rats were exposed to a 6-week 'free choice high-fat and high-sugar' diet, followed by a 4-week palatable food forced abstinence and a 24 h re-access period. Our results indicate that an RMTg-VTA pathway lesion increases fat consumption following 6 weeks of diet and at time of re-access. The RMTg-LH pathway lesion produces a milder effect with a decrease in global calorie intake. These findings suggest that the RMTg influences palatable food consumption and relapse through its projections to the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schoukroun
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, UMR7364, CNRS, 12 Rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, UMR7364, CNRS, 12 Rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Romain Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Université de Strasbourg, UMR7364, CNRS, 12 Rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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243
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Cabral DF, Fried PJ, Bigliassi M, Cahalin LP, Gomes-Osman J. Determinants of exercise adherence in sedentary middle-aged and older adults. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14591. [PMID: 38629783 PMCID: PMC11330369 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise positively impacts neurocognitive health, particularly in aging individuals. However, low adherence, particularly among older adults, hinders the adoption of exercise routines. While brain plasticity mechanisms largely support the cognitive benefits of exercise, the link between physiological and behavioral factors influencing exercise adherence remains unclear. This study aimed to explore this association in sedentary middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-one participants underwent an evaluation of cortico-motor plasticity using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure changes in motor-evoked potentials following intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS). Health history, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise-related behavioral factors were also assessed. The participants engaged in a 2-month supervised aerobic exercise program, attending sessions three times a week for 60 min each, totaling 24 sessions at a moderate-to-vigorous intensity. They were divided into Completers (n = 19), who attended all sessions, and Dropouts (n = 12), who withdrew early. Completers exhibited lower smoking rates, exercise barriers, and resting heart rates compared to Dropouts. For Completers, TMS/iTBS cortico-motor plasticity was associated with better exercise adherence (r = -.53, corrected p = .019). Exploratory hypothesis-generating regression analysis suggested that post-iTBS changes (β = -7.78, p = .013) and self-efficacy (β = -.51, p = .019) may predict exercise adherence (adjusted-R2 = .44). In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of TMS/iTBS cortico-motor plasticity, self-efficacy, and cardiovascular health in exercise adherence. Given the well-established cognitive benefits of exercise, addressing sedentary behavior and enhancing self-efficacy are crucial for promoting adherence and optimizing brain health. Clinicians and researchers should prioritize assessing these variables to improve the effectiveness of exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo F. Cabral
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J. Fried
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Bigliassi
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence P. Cahalin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Joyce Gomes-Osman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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244
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Deng Q, Li Y, Sun Z, Gao X, Zhou J, Ma G, Qu WM, Li R. Sleep disturbance in rodent models and its sex-specific implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105810. [PMID: 39009293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, encompassing altered sleep physiology or disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea, profoundly impact physiological functions and elevate disease risk. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms and sex-specific differences in sleep disorders remain elusive. While polysomnography serves as a cornerstone for human sleep studies, animal models provide invaluable insights into sleep mechanisms. However, the availability of animal models of sleep disorders is limited, with each model often representing a specific sleep issue or mechanism. Therefore, selecting appropriate animal models for sleep research is critical. Given the significant sex differences in sleep patterns and disorders, incorporating both male and female subjects in studies is essential for uncovering sex-specific mechanisms with clinical relevance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various rodent models of sleep disturbance, including sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation, and circadian rhythm dysfunction. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model and discuss sex differences in sleep and sleep disorders, along with potential mechanisms. We aim to advance our understanding of sleep disorders and facilitate sex-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Guangwei Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rena Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Sun J, Wu C, Ren J, He Y, Sun N, Huang H, Chen Q, Liu D, Huang Y, Xu F, Yu L, Fitzgibbon BM, Cash RFH, Fitzgerald PB, Yan M, Che X. Characterizing the opioidergic mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced analgesia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain 2024; 165:2035-2043. [PMID: 38537053 PMCID: PMC11331833 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising technology to reduce chronic pain. Investigating the mechanisms of rTMS analgesia holds the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Using a double-blind and placebo-controlled design at both stimulation and pharmacologic ends, this study investigated the opioidergic mechanisms of rTMS analgesia by abolishing and recovering analgesia in 2 separate stages across brain regions and TMS doses. A group of 45 healthy participants were equally randomized to the primary motor cortex (M1), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the Sham group. In each session, participants received an intravenous infusion of naloxone or saline before the first rTMS session. Participants then received a second dose of rTMS session after the drugs were metabolized at 90 minutes. M1-rTMS-induced analgesia was abolished by naloxone compared with saline and was recovered by the second rTMS run when naloxone was metabolized. In the DLPFC, double but not the first TMS session induced significant pain reduction in the saline condition, resulting in less pain compared with the naloxone condition. In addition, TMS over the M1 or DLPFC selectively increased plasma concentrations of β-endorphin or encephalin, respectively. Overall, we present causal evidence that opioidergic mechanisms are involved in both M1-induced and DLPFC-rTMS-induced analgesia; however, these are shaped by rTMS dosage and the release of different endogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxuan Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanni He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - QunShan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyuxin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bernadette M. Fitzgibbon
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Melbourne, Australia
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F. H. Cash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B. Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Che
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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246
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Sánchez-Ramírez E, Ung TPL, Stringari C, Aguilar-Arnal L. Emerging Functional Connections Between Metabolism and Epigenetic Remodeling in Neural Differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6688-6707. [PMID: 38340204 PMCID: PMC11339152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells possess extraordinary capacities for self-renewal and differentiation, making them highly valuable in regenerative medicine. Among these, neural stem cells (NSCs) play a fundamental role in neural development and repair processes. NSC characteristics and fate are intricately regulated by the microenvironment and intracellular signaling. Interestingly, metabolism plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the epigenome dynamics during neural differentiation, facilitating the transition from undifferentiated NSC to specialized neuronal and glial cell types. This intricate interplay between metabolism and the epigenome is essential for precisely regulating gene expression patterns and ensuring proper neural development. This review highlights the mechanisms behind metabolic regulation of NSC fate and their connections with epigenetic regulation to shape transcriptional programs of stemness and neural differentiation. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular gears appears fundamental for translational applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sánchez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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247
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Cepero-Escribano V, Cerda-Company X, León-Cabrera P, Olivé G, Cucurell D, Gasa-Roqué A, Gabarrós A, Naval-Baudin P, Camins À, Rico I, Fernández-Coello A, Sierpowska J, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Can the knight capture the queen? The role of supramarginal gyrus in chess rule-retrieval as evidenced by a novel combined awake brain mapping and fMRI protocol. Cortex 2024; 178:235-244. [PMID: 39047332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumours represent a burden for society, not only due to the risks they entail but also because of the possibility of losing relevant cognitive functions for the patient's life after their resection. In the present study, we report how we monitored chess performance through a multimodal Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM) - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) combined protocol. The ESM was performed under a left parietal lobe tumour resection surgery on a patient that expressed the desire to preserve his chess playing ability post-operative. We designed an ad-hoc protocol to evaluate processes involved in chess performance that could be potentially affected by the tumour location: (i) visual search, (ii) rule-retrieval, and (iii) anticipation of checkmate. The fMRI study reported functional regions for chess performance, some of them proximal to the lesion in the left parietal lobe. The most relevant result was a positive eloquent point encountered in the vicinity of the left supramarginal gyrus while performing the rule-retrieval task in the ESM. This functional region was convergent with the activations observed in the pre-operative fMRI study for this condition. The behavioural assessment comparison revealed post-operative an increase in reaction time in some tasks but correctness in performance was maintained. Finally, the patient maintained the ability to play chess after the surgery. Our results provide a plausible protocol for future interventions and suggest a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in chess cognitive operations for the case presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cepero-Escribano
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xim Cerda-Company
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Computer Vision Centre (CVC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Computer Science Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Patricia León-Cabrera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Area of Psychology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Olivé
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - David Cucurell
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain
| | - Anna Gasa-Roqué
- Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge, Translational Imaging Biomarkers Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona e IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Sierpowska
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development, and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cognition & Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Karaaslan A, Shi Z. Influences of temporal and probabilistic expectation on subjective time of emotional stimulus. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:1824-1834. [PMID: 38628032 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241245355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
Subjective time perception can change based on a stimulus's valence and expectancy. Yet, it is unclear how these two factors might interact to shape our sense of how long something lasts. Here, we conducted two experiments examining the effects of temporal and probabilistic expectancy on the perceived duration of images with varying emotional valence. In Experiment 1, we varied the temporal predictive cue with varying stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs), while in Experiment 2, we manipulated the cue-emotion probabilistic associations. Our results revealed that stimuli appearing earlier than anticipated were perceived as shorter, whereas less infrequent stimuli seemed to last longer. In addition, negative images were perceived longer than neural ones. However, no significant interaction between expectancy and stimulus valence was observed. We interpret these using the internal clock model, suggesting that while emotional stimuli primarily affect the pacemaker's rhythm through arousal, expectation steers attention, influencing how we register time's passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Karaaslan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letter, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Zhuanghua Shi
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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249
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Zivony A, Eimer M. A dissociation between the effects of expectations and attention in selective visual processing. Cognition 2024; 250:105864. [PMID: 38906015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
It is often claimed that probabilistic expectations affect visual perception directly, without mediation by selective attention. However, these claims have been disputed, as effects of expectation and attention are notoriously hard to dissociate experimentally. In this study, we used a new approach to separate expectations from attention. In four experiments (N = 60), participants searched for a target in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream and had to identify a digit or a letter defined by a low-level cue (colour or shape). Expectations about the target's alphanumeric category were probabilistically manipulated. Since category membership is a high-level feature and since the target was embedded among many distractors that shared its category, targets from the expected category should not attract attention more than targets from the unexpected category. In the first experiment, these targets were more likely to be identified relative to targets from the unexpected category. Importantly, in the following experiments, we also included behavioural and electrophysiological indices of attentional guidance and engagement. This allowed us to examine whether expectations also modulated these or earlier attentional processes. Results showed that category-based expectations had no modulatory effects on attention, and only affected processing at later encoding-related stages. Alternative interpretation of expectation effects in terms of repetition priming or response bias were also ruled out. These observations provide new evidence for direct attention-independent expectation effects on perception. We suggest that expectations can adjust the threshold required for encoding expectations-congruent information, thereby affecting the speed with which target objects are encoded in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Zivony
- Department of Psychology, University of Shefeld, Portobello, Shefeld S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Eimer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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Gamgam G, Yıldırım Z, Kabakçıoğlu A, Gurvit H, Demiralp T, Acar B. Siamese Graph Convolutional Network quantifies increasing structure-function discrepancy over the cognitive decline continuum. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 254:108290. [PMID: 38954916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is well known to induce alterations in both structural and functional brain connectivity. However, reported changes in connectivity are mostly limited to global/local network features, which have poor specificity for diagnostic purposes. Following recent advances in machine learning, deep neural networks, particularly Graph Neural Network (GNN) based approaches, have found applications in brain research as well. The majority of existing applications of GNNs employ a single network (uni-modal or structure/function unified), despite the widely accepted view that there is a nontrivial interdependence between the brain's structural connectivity and the neural activity patterns, which is hypothesized to be disrupted in ADD. This disruption is quantified as a discrepancy score by the proposed "structure-function discrepancy learning network" (sfDLN) and its distribution is studied over the spectrum of clinical cognitive decline. The measured discrepancy score is utilized as a diagnostic biomarker and is compared with state-of-the-art diagnostic classifiers. METHODS sfDLN is a GNN with a siamese architecture built on the hypothesis that the mismatch between structural and functional connectivity patterns increases over the cognitive decline spectrum, starting from subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), passing through a mid-stage mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and ending up with ADD. The structural brain connectome (sNET) built using diffusion MRI-based tractography and the novel, sparse (lean) functional brain connectome (ℓNET) built using fMRI are input to sfDLN. The siamese sfDLN is trained to extract connectome representations and a discrepancy (dissimilarity) score that complies with the proposed hypothesis and is blindly tested on an MCI group. RESULTS The sfDLN generated structure-function discrepancy scores show high disparity between ADD and SCI subjects. Leave-one-out experiments of SCI-ADD classification over a cohort of 42 subjects reach 88% accuracy, surpassing state-of-the-art GNN-based classifiers in the literature. Furthermore, a blind assessment over a cohort of 46 MCI subjects confirmed that it captures the intermediary character of the MCI group. GNNExplainer module employed to investigate the anatomical determinants of the observed discrepancy confirms that sfDLN attends to cortical regions neurologically relevant to ADD. CONCLUSION In support of our hypothesis, the harmony between the structural and functional organization of the brain degrades with increasing cognitive decline. This discrepancy, shown to be rooted in brain regions neurologically relevant to ADD, can be quantified by sfDLN and outperforms state-of-the-art GNN-based ADD classification methods when used as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurur Gamgam
- VAVlab, Department of Electrical And Electronics Eng., Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkiye
| | - Zerrin Yıldırım
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkiye
| | | | - Hakan Gurvit
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkiye
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Hulusi Behçet Life Sciences Research Lab., Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkiye
| | - Burak Acar
- VAVlab, Department of Electrical And Electronics Eng., Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkiye.
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