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Pavlinek A, Adhya D, Tsompanidis A, Warrier V, Vernon AC, Lancaster M, Mill J, Srivastava DP, Baron-Cohen S. Using Organoids to Model Sex Differences in the Human Brain. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100343. [PMID: 39092139 PMCID: PMC11292257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences are widespread during neurodevelopment and play a role in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, which is more prevalent in males than females. In humans, males have been shown to have larger brain volumes than females with development of the hippocampus and amygdala showing prominent sex differences. Mechanistically, sex steroids and sex chromosomes drive these differences in brain development, which seem to peak during prenatal and pubertal stages. Animal models have played a crucial role in understanding sex differences, but the study of human sex differences requires an experimental model that can recapitulate complex genetic traits. To fill this gap, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids are now being used to study how complex genetic traits influence prenatal brain development. For example, brain organoids from individuals with autism and individuals with X chromosome-linked Rett syndrome and fragile X syndrome have revealed prenatal differences in cell proliferation, a measure of brain volume differences, and excitatory-inhibitory imbalances. Brain organoids have also revealed increased neurogenesis of excitatory neurons due to androgens. However, despite growing interest in using brain organoids, several key challenges remain that affect its validity as a model system. In this review, we discuss how sex steroids and the sex chromosomes each contribute to sex differences in brain development. Then, we examine the role of X chromosome inactivation as a factor that drives sex differences. Finally, we discuss the combined challenges of modeling X chromosome inactivation and limitations of brain organoids that need to be taken into consideration when studying sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pavlinek
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dwaipayan Adhya
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Tsompanidis
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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202
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Rocha MA, Cardoso AL, Martins C, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate affects the expression of p16 INK4a and p21 WAFI/Cip1 cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:432. [PMID: 39049983 PMCID: PMC11268092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 are cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors involved in cell cycle control, which can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the context of various extracellular and intracellular signals, and cell type. In human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer, p16 INK4a shows oncogenic activity and functions as a diagnostic marker of cervical neoplasia, whereas p21 WAF1/Cip1 acts as a tumor suppressor and its downregulation is associated with the progression of malignant transformation. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors promote the positive and negative regulation of a number of genes, including p16 INK4a and p21 WAF1/Cip1; however, the effects of sodium valproate (VPA) on these genes and on the proteins they encode remain uncertain in HeLa cervical cancer cells. In the present study, these effects were investigated in HeLa cells treated with 0.5 or 2 mM VPA for 24 h, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, confocal microscopy and western blotting. The results revealed a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of p16 INK4a and a tendency for p16INK4a protein abundance to decrease in the presence of 2 mM VPA. By contrast, an increase in the protein expression levels of p21WAF1/Cip1 was detected in the presence of 0.5 and 2 mM VPA. Furthermore, VPA was confirmed to inhibit HDAC activity and induce global hyperacetylation of histone H3. Notably, VPA was shown to suppress p16 INK4a, a biomarker gene of cervical carcinoma, and to increase the abundance of the tumor suppressor protein p21WAF1/Cip1, thus contributing to the basic knowledge regarding the antitumorigenic potential of VPA. Exploration of epigenetic changes associated with the promoters of p16 INK4a and p21 WAF1/Cip1, such as histone H3 methylation, may provide further information and improve the understanding of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
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203
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Zhang Y, Mu BR, Ran Z, Zhu T, Huang X, Yang X, Wang DM, Ma QH, Lu MH. Pericytes in Alzheimer's disease: Key players and therapeutic targets. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114825. [PMID: 38777251 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive cognitive decline and neuropathological changes. Pericytes, which are vessel mural cells on the basement membrane of capillaries, play a crucial role in regulating cerebrovascular functions and maintaining neurovascular unit integrity. Emerging research substantiates the involvement of pericytes in AD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pericytes, including their structure, origin, and markers and various functions within the central nervous system. Emphatically, the review explores the intricate mechanisms through which pericytes contribute to AD, including their interactions with amyloid beta and apolipoprotein E, as well as various signaling pathways. The review also highlights potential for targeted pericyte therapy for AD, with a focus on stem cell therapy and drug treatments. Future research directions include the classification of pericyte subtypes, studies related to aging, and the role of pericytes in exosome-related mechanisms in AD pathology. In conclusion, this review consolidates current knowledge on the pivotal roles of pericytes in AD and their potential as therapeutic targets, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical interventions aimed at addressing the impact of AD on patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ben-Rong Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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204
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Yoshimaru K, Matsuura T, Uchida Y, Sonoda S, Maeda S, Kajihara K, Kawano Y, Shirai T, Toriigahara Y, Kalim AS, Zhang XY, Takahashi Y, Kawakubo N, Nagata K, Yamaza H, Yamaza T, Taguchi T, Tajiri T. Cutting-edge regenerative therapy for Hirschsprung disease and its allied disorders. Surg Today 2024; 54:977-994. [PMID: 37668735 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and its associated disorders (AD-HSCR) often result in severe hypoperistalsis caused by enteric neuropathy, mesenchymopathy, and myopathy. Notably, HSCR involving the small intestine, isolated hypoganglionosis, chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome carry a poor prognosis. Ultimately, small-bowel transplantation (SBTx) is necessary for refractory cases, but it is highly invasive and outcomes are less than optimal, despite advances in surgical techniques and management. Thus, regenerative therapy has come to light as a potential form of treatment involving regeneration of the enteric nervous system, mesenchyme, and smooth muscle in affected areas. We review the cutting-edge regenerative therapeutic approaches for managing HSCR and AD-HSCR, including the use of enteric nervous system progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells as cell sources, the recipient intestine's microenvironment, and transplantation methods. Perspectives on the future of these treatments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Yoshimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Uchida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sonoda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shohei Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kajihara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shirai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, 5-30 Kitatakamatsu-cho, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 880-8510, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Toriigahara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Alvin Santoso Kalim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naonori Kawakubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Nagata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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205
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Zhang X, Shi L, Chen C, Ma Y, Ma Y. The role of miRNA in IBS pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy: The latest thought. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:1433-1441. [PMID: 38342744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
IBS is a prevalent clinical condition affecting bowel function. There is a restricted comprehension of its pathogenesis, an absence of particular diagnostic tools, and an insufficiency of efficient pharmacological remedies. MiRNAs are a highly conserved class of non-coding small molecule RNAs, with a length of 20-24 nucleotides. Research has shown the presence of a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in the colonic tissue and peripheral blood of IBS patients. Meanwhile, miRNAs have a critical role in gene expression and the pathology of IBS as they act as significant mediators of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The investigation of miRNA molecular regulatory networks proves useful in examining the convoluted pathogenesis of IBS. This paper presents a review of recent literature on miRNAs associated with IBS, explains how miRNAs contribute to the development of IBS, and assesses the potential usefulness of miRNA analysis for diagnosing and treating IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuning Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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206
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Vázquez-Lizarraga R, Mendoza-Viveros L, Cid-Castro C, Ruiz-Montoya S, Carreño-Vázquez E, Orozco-Solis R. Hypothalamic circuits and aging: keeping the circadian clock updated. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1919-1928. [PMID: 38227516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, age-related diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and mental illness, have shown a significant increase, negatively impacting overall quality of life. Studies on aged animal models have unveiled a progressive discoordination at multiple regulatory levels, including transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes, resulting from cellular stress and circadian derangements. The circadian clock emerges as a key regulator, sustaining physiological homeostasis and promoting healthy aging through timely molecular coordination of pivotal cellular processes, such as stem-cell function, cellular stress responses, and inter-tissue communication, which become disrupted during aging. Given the crucial role of hypothalamic circuits in regulating organismal physiology, metabolic control, sleep homeostasis, and circadian rhythms, and their dependence on these processes, strategies aimed at enhancing hypothalamic and circadian function, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer systemic benefits for healthy aging. Intranasal brain-directed drug administration represents a promising avenue for effectively targeting specific brain regions, like the hypothalamus, while reducing side effects associated with systemic drug delivery, thereby presenting new therapeutic possibilities for diverse age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | | | | | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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207
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Yammine KM, Mirda Abularach S, Kim SY, Bikovtseva AA, Lilianty J, Butty VL, Schiavoni RP, Bateman JF, Lamandé SR, Shoulders MD. ER procollagen storage defect without coupled unfolded protein response drives precocious arthritis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402842. [PMID: 38981683 PMCID: PMC11234256 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagenopathies are a group of clinically diverse disorders caused by defects in collagen folding and secretion. For example, mutations in the gene encoding collagen type-II, the primary collagen in cartilage, can lead to diverse chondrodysplasias. One example is the Gly1170Ser substitution in procollagen-II, which causes precocious osteoarthritis. Here, we biochemically and mechanistically characterize an induced pluripotent stem cell-based cartilage model of this disease, including both hetero- and homozygous genotypes. We show that Gly1170Ser procollagen-II is notably slow to fold and secrete. Instead, procollagen-II accumulates intracellularly, consistent with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) storage disorder. Likely owing to the unique features of the collagen triple helix, this accumulation is not recognized by the unfolded protein response. Gly1170Ser procollagen-II interacts to a greater extent than wild-type with specific ER proteostasis network components, consistent with its slow folding. These findings provide mechanistic elucidation into the etiology of this disease. Moreover, the easily expandable cartilage model will enable rapid testing of therapeutic strategies to restore proteostasis in the collagenopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Yammine
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Mirda Abularach
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Agata A Bikovtseva
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinia Lilianty
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vincent L Butty
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 BioMicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard P Schiavoni
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John F Bateman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- https://ror.org/042nb2s44 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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208
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Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Sun J, Xu S, Wei Y, Ding X, Ding G. The application of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, results, and problems. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:1109-1131. [PMID: 38353136 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can be derived from a wide variety of human tissues and organs. They can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, and thus show great potential in regenerative medicine. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an organic injury to brain tissue with a high rate of disability and death caused by an external impact or concussive force acting directly or indirectly on the head. The current treatment of TBI mainly includes symptomatic, pharmacological, and rehabilitation treatment. Although some efficacy has been achieved, the definitive recovery effect on neural tissue is still limited. Recent studies have shown that MSC therapies are more effective than traditional treatment strategies due to their strong multi-directional differentiation potential, self-renewal capacity, and low immunogenicity and homing properties, thus MSCs are considered to play an important role and are an ideal cell for the treatment of injurious diseases, including TBI. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the role and mechanisms of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of TBI, thereby providing new insights into the clinical applications of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zejun Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinmeng Sun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Clinical Competency Training Center, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Gang Ding
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
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209
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Lee NK, Jang WB, Seo DS, Goo HG, Lim HJ, Lee EJ, Kwon SM. Development of advanced cardiac progenitor cell culture system through fibronectin and vitronectin derived peptide coated plate. Stem Cell Res 2024; 79:103476. [PMID: 38941882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a global health concern. Stem cell therapy utilizing human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) shows promise in treating cardiac vascular disease. However, limited availability and senescence of hCPCs hinder their widespread use. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring innovative approaches. In this study, a bioengineered cell culture plate was developed to mimic the natural cardiac tissue microenvironment. It was coated with a combination of extracellular matrix (ECM) peptide motifs and mussel adhesive protein (MAP). The selected ECM peptide motifs, derived from fibronectin and vitronectin, play crucial roles in hCPCs. Results revealed that the Fibro-P and Vitro-P coated plates significantly improved hCPC adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation compared to uncoated plates. Additionally, long-term culture on the coated plates delayed cellular senescence and maintained hCPC stemness. These enhancements were attributed to the activation of integrin downstream signaling pathways. The findings suggest that the engineered ECM peptide motif-MAP-coated plates hold potential for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell-based therapies in cardiac tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kyung Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong Sik Seo
- AMO Lifescience Co., Ltd., Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Gwan Goo
- AMO Lifescience Co., Ltd., Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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210
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Sun J, Zhang S, Wang M, Cheng H, Wang Y, He S, Zuo Q, Wang N, Li Q, Wang M. Cinobufacini enhances the therapeutic response of 5-Fluorouracil against gastric cancer by targeting cancer stem cells via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102054. [PMID: 38970916 PMCID: PMC11282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play crucial role in the development, recurrence, and resistance of gastric cancer (GC). Cinobufacini, a traditional Chinese medicine, offers significant advantages in improving tumor therapy. However, pre-clinical investigation into the antitumor effect and mechanism of Cinobufacini on GC is still lacking. Additionally, it has not been reported whether Cinobufacini is related to cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS The CCK-8, clone formation, EdU staining, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed to assess the cell toxicity of Cinobufacini and demonstrate the preventive effects of Cinobufacini on proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells. Elucidating the underlying mechanism of Cinobufacini in GC based on the transcriptome sequencing. Flow cytometry assays, sphere formation assays, subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice, and immunofluorescent staining have been used to investigate whether the anti-GC effect of Cinobufacini is associated with GCSCs and enhancing therapeutic response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS Cinobufacini exerts minimal impact on normal human gastric epithelium cell GES-1, while significantly suppressing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cell lines. Additionally, Cinobufacini attenuates the stemness of GCSCs by disrupting the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling cascade. Moreover, Cinobufacin enhances the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU against GCSCs by reducing in vitro sphere formation and inhibiting subcutaneous graft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Cinobufacini enhances the therapeutic response of 5-FU against GC by targeting CSCs via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Our findings offer a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of Cinobufacini's anticancer activity in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Sufeng Zhang
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shiming He
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
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211
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Pastor-Alonso O, Durá I, Bernardo-Castro S, Varea E, Muro-García T, Martín-Suárez S, Encinas-Pérez JM, Pineda JR. HB-EGF activates EGFR to induce reactive neural stem cells in the mouse hippocampus after seizures. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201840. [PMID: 38977310 PMCID: PMC11231495 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal seizures mimicking mesial temporal lobe epilepsy cause a profound disruption of the adult neurogenic niche in mice. Seizures provoke neural stem cells to switch to a reactive phenotype (reactive neural stem cells, React-NSCs) characterized by multibranched hypertrophic morphology, massive activation to enter mitosis, symmetric division, and final differentiation into reactive astrocytes. As a result, neurogenesis is chronically impaired. Here, using a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, we show that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is key for the induction of React-NSCs and that its inhibition exerts a beneficial effect on the neurogenic niche. We show that during the initial days after the induction of seizures by a single intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid, a strong release of zinc and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, both activators of the EGFR signaling pathway in neural stem cells, is produced. Administration of the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, a chemotherapeutic in clinical phase IV, prevents the induction of React-NSCs and preserves neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Pastor-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene Durá
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sara Bernardo-Castro
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Emilio Varea
- Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Muro-García
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Soraya Martín-Suárez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Encinas-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Pineda
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia, Spain
- Signaling Lab, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
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Javadpour P, Abbaszadeh F, Ahmadiani A, Rezaei M, Ghasemi R. Mitochondrial Transportation, Transplantation, and Subsequent Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7151-7167. [PMID: 38368286 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment and a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as an important contributor to the development of AD, leading to oxidative stress and energy deficits within the brain. While current treatments for AD aim to alleviate symptoms, there is an urgent need to target the underlying mechanisms. The emerging field of mitotherapy, which involves the transplantation of healthy mitochondria into damaged cells, has gained substantial attention and has shown promising results. However, research in the context of AD remains limited, necessitating further investigations. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathways that contribute to the progression of AD. Additionally, we discuss mitochondrial transfer among brain cells and mitotherapy, with a focus on different administration routes, various sources of mitochondria, and potential modifications to enhance transplantation efficacy. Finally, we review the limited available evidence regarding the immune system's response to mitochondrial transplantation in damaged brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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213
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Mouloud Y, Staubach S, Stambouli O, Mokhtari S, Kutzner TJ, Zwanziger D, Hemeda H, Giebel B. Calcium chloride declotted human platelet lysate promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and allows manufacturing of immunomodulatory active extracellular vesicle products. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:988-998. [PMID: 38819364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects, primarily through released extracellular vesicles (EVs). For the clinical-grade manufacturing of MSC-EV products culture conditions need to support MSC expansion and allow the manufacturing of potent MSC-EV products. Traditionally, MSCs are expanded in fetal bovine serum-supplemented media. However, according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines the use of animal sera should be avoided. To this end, human platelet lysate (hPL) has been qualified as an animal serum replacement. Although hPL outcompetes animal sera in promoting MSC expansion, hPL typically contains components of the coagulation system that need to be inhibited or removed to avoid coagulation reactions in the cell culture. Commonly, heparin is utilized as an anticoagulant; however, higher concentrations of heparin can negatively impact MSC viability, and conventional concentrations alone do not sufficiently prevent clot formation in prepared media. METHODS To circumvent unwanted coagulation processes, this study compared various clotting prevention strategies, including different anticoagulants and calcium chloride (CaCl2)-mediated declotting methods, which in combination with heparin addition was found effective. We evaluated the influence of the differently treated hPLs on the proliferation and phenotype of primary bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified the CaCl2-mediated declotting method as the most effective option. To determine whether CaCl2 declotted hPL allows the manufacturing of immunomodulatory MSC-EV products, EVs were prepared from conditioned media of MSCs expanded with either conventional or CaCl2 declotted hPL. In addition to metric analyses, the immunomodulatory potential of resulting MSC-EV products was assessed in a recently established multi-donor mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings conclusively show that CaCl2-declotted hPLs support the production of immunomodulatory-active MSC-EV products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Staubach
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oumaima Stambouli
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shakiba Mokhtari
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry - Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hatim Hemeda
- PL BioScience GmbH, Technology Centre Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Stefańska K, Volponi AA, Kulus M, Waśko J, Farzaneh M, Grzelak J, Azizidoost S, Mozdziak P, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Zabel M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Szcześniak M, Woszczyk M, Kempisty B. Dental pulp stem cells - A basic research and future application in regenerative medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:116990. [PMID: 39024839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a valuable and accessible source of stem cells (DPSCs) with characteristics similar to mesenchymal stem cells. DPSCs can regenerate a range of tissues and their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine is promising. DPSCs have been found to express low levels of Class II HLA-DR (MHC) molecules, making them potential candidates for allogeneic transplantation without matching the donor's tissue. Research on the correlation between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) provides promising insights into the use of these cells in clinical settings for a wide range of medical conditions. It is possible to use a number of ncRNAs in order to restore the functional role of downregulated ncRNAs that are correlated with osteoblastogenesis, or to suppress the functional role of overexpressed ncRNAs associated with osteoclast differentiation in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stefańska
- Cellivia 3 S.A., Poznan 60-529, Poland; Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-781, Poland.
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87-100, Poland.
| | | | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Joanna Grzelak
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87-100, Poland.
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87-100, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland; Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-046, Poland.
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland.
| | - Marta Szcześniak
- Department of Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, Poznań 60-812, Poland; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, Poznań 60-355, Poland.
| | | | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87-100, Poland; Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-368, Poland; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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215
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Xiang S, Gong X, Qiu T, Zhou J, Yang K, Lan Y, Zhang Z, Ji Y. Insights into the mechanisms of angiogenesis in infantile hemangioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117181. [PMID: 39059349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in infants and usually resolves on its own. However, a small portion of IH cases are accompanied by serious complications and other problems, impacting the physical and psychological health of the children affected. The pathogenesis of IH is highly controversial. Studies have shown that abnormal blood vessel formation is an important pathological basis for the development of IH. Compared with that in normal tissues, the equilibrium of blood vessel growth at the tumor site is disrupted, and interactions among other types of cells, such as immune cells, promote the rapid proliferation and migration of vascular tissue cells and the construction of vascular networks. Currently, propranolol is the most common systemic drug used to inhibit the growth of IHs and accelerate their regression. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest research on the mechanisms of angiogenesis in IH. We discuss the possible roles of three major factors, namely, estrogen, hypoxia, and inflammation, in the development of IH. Additionally, we summarize the key roles of tumor cell subpopulations, such as pericytes, in the proliferation and regression of IH considering evidence from the past few years, with an emphasis on the possible mechanisms of propranolol in the treatment of IH. Angiogenesis is an important event during the development of IH, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis will provide new insights into the biology and clinical treatment of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yuru Lan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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216
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Chen B, Wang L, Pan X, Jiang S, Hu Y. Adipose-derived stem cells modified by TWIST1 silencing accelerates rat sciatic nerve repair and functional recovery. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1394-1404. [PMID: 38907140 PMCID: PMC11341607 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury is often slow and impaired, which may be associated with weakened and denervated muscles subsequently leading to atrophy. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are often regarded as cell-based therapeutic candidate due to their regenerative potential. The study aims to assess the therapeutic efficacy of gene-modified ADSCs on sciatic nerve injury. We lentivirally transduced ADSCs with shRNA-TWIST1 and transplanted modified cells to rats undergoing sciatic nerve transection and repair. Results showed that TWIST1 knockdown accelerated functional recovery of rats with sciatic nerve injury as faster nerve conduction velocity and higher wire hang scores obtained by rats transplanted with TWIST1-silenced ADSCs than scramble ADSCs. Although the rats experienced degenerated axons and decreased myelin sheath thickness after sciatic nerve injury 8 weeks after operation, those transplanted with TWIST1-silenced ADSCs exhibited more signs of regenerated nerve fibers surrounded by newly formed myelin sheaths than those with scramble ADSCs. The rats transplanted with TWIST1-silenced ADSCs presented increased expressions of neurotrophic factors including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the sciatic nerves than those with scramble ADSCs. These results suggest that genetically modifying TWIST1 in ADSCs could facilitate peripheral nerve repair after injury in a more efficient way than that with ADSCs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leining Wang
- Department of Surgery of Hand and Foot, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogui Pan
- Department of Surgery of Hand and Foot, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Yılmaz E, Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic process in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1025-1041. [PMID: 38151886 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network.Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. AIM This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. METHOD Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. CONCLUSIONS The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yılmaz
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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218
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Semple JW, Schifferli A, Cooper N, Saad H, Mytych DT, Chea LS, Newland A. Immune thrombocytopenia: Pathophysiology and impacts of Romiplostim treatment. Blood Rev 2024; 67:101222. [PMID: 38942688 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disease caused by immune-mediated platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. ITP is characterized by an isolated thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/L) and increased risk of bleeding. The disease has a complex pathophysiology wherein immune tolerance breakdown leads to platelet and megakaryocyte destruction. Therapeutics such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), rituximab, and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) aim to increase platelet counts to prevent hemorrhage and increase quality of life. TPO-RAs act via stimulation of TPO receptors on megakaryocytes to directly stimulate platelet production. Romiplostim is a TPO-RA that has become a mainstay in the treatment of ITP. Treatment significantly increases megakaryocyte maturation and growth leading to improved platelet production and it has recently been shown to have additional immunomodulatory effects in treated patients. This review will highlight the complex pathophysiology of ITP and discuss the usage of Romiplostim in ITP and its ability to potentially immunomodulate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden; Departments of Pharmacology, Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA.
| | - Alexandra Schifferli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Newland
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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219
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Xu H, Li H, Zhang P, Gao Y, Ma H, Gao T, Liu H, Hua W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang P, Liu J. The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1947-1953. [PMID: 38227520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system; they participate in crucial biological processes, maintain brain structure, and regulate nervous system function. Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and lipids secreted from their cellular sources. Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system, in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles. In this review, we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system. We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system. The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain. New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Liu M, Liang L, Yu C, Guo B, Zhang H, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Enhancing cell cryopreservation with acidic polyamino acids integrated liquid marbles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114055. [PMID: 38936034 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is highly desired for long-term maintenance of the viability of living biosamples, while effective cell cryopreservation still relies heavily on the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, the intrinsic toxicity of DMSO is still a bottleneck, which could not only cause the clinical side effect but also induce cell genetic variants. In the meantime, the addition of FBS may bring potentially the risk of pathogenic microorganism contamination. The liquid marbles (LMs), a novel biotechnology tool for cell cryopreservation, which not only have a small volume system that facilitated recovery, but the hydrophobic shell also resisted the harm to cells caused by adverse environments. Previous LM-based cell cryopreservation relied heavily on the addition of FBS. In this work, we introduced acidic polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid as cryoprotectants to construct LM systems. LMs could burst in an instant to facilitate and achieve ultrarapid recovery process, and the hydrophilic carboxyl groups of the cryoprotectants could form hydrogen bonds with water molecules and further inhibit ice growth/formation to protect cells from cryoinjuries. The L929 cells could be well cryopreserved by acidic polyamino acid-based LMs. This new biotechnology platform is expected to be widely used for cell cryopreservation, which has the potential to propel LMs for the preservation of various functional cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chaojie Yu
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Ugusman A, Hisam NSN, Othman NS, Anuar NNM, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Razmi MM, Aminuddin A. Pharmacological interventions for intraplaque neovascularization in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 261:108685. [PMID: 38977083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Advanced atherosclerosis is linked to plaque instability, which can result in rupture and the onset of a heart attack. Evidence gathered from human atheroma plaques indicates that intraplaque neovascularization poses a risk to plaque stability and may lead to plaque hemorrhage. Hence, targeting the neovascularization within the atheroma plaque has the potential to mitigate the plaque's vulnerability. While neovascularization has been extensively explored in the context of cancer, research on pharmacological inhibition of this phenomenon in atherosclerosis remains limited. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess current and emerging pharmacological interventions for inhibiting intraplaque neovascularization in preclinical settings. Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid) were searched from January 2013 until February 1, 2024. Preclinical studies reporting the effect of any pharmacological interventions targeting intraplaque neovascularization were included. A total of 10 articles involving in vivo animal studies were eligible for inclusion, with five of them incorporating in vitro experiments to complement their in vivo findings. The pharmacological interventions studied were axitinib, ghrelin, K5, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, 3PO, everolimus, melatonin, Si-Miao-Yong-A, and protocatechuic aldehyde. All the interventions showed a positive impact in inhibiting intraplaque neovascularization in various atherosclerotic animal models through various signaling pathways. This review provides valuable insights into pharmacological approaches to attenuate intraplaque neovascularization that could serve as a promising therapeutic avenue to enhance plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syakirah Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maisarah Md Razmi
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Cyske Z, Gaffke L, Rintz E, Wiśniewska K, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Molecular mechanisms of the ambroxol action in Gaucher disease and GBA1 mutation-associated Parkinson disease. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105774. [PMID: 38797393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, is one of the lysosomal enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing the glycosphingolipids. Deficiency in GCase activity (in patients with two defective alleles of GBA1) leads to glucosylceramide storage in lysosomes which in turn results in the development of the Gaucher diseases, a lysosomal storage disorder, while a heterozygous state may be correlated with the GBA1 mutation-associated Parkinson disease. One of the proposed forms of therapy for these two conditions is the use of pharmacological chaperones which work by facilitating the achievement of the correct conformation of abnormally folded enzymes. Several compounds with chaperone activities against GCase have already been tested, one of which turned out to be ambroxol. Studies conducted on the action of this compound have indeed indicated its effectiveness in increasing GCase levels and activity. However, some data have begun to question its activity as a chaperone against certain GCase variants. Then, a number of articles appeared pointing to other mechanisms of action of ambroxol, which may also contribute to the improvement of patients' condition. This paper summarizes the biological mechanisms of action of ambroxol in Gaucher disease and GBA1 mutation-associated Parkinson disease, focused on its activity as a chaperone, modulator of ERAD pathways, inducer of autophagy, and pain reliever in cellular and animal models as well as in patients. The effects of these activities on the reduction of disease markers and symptoms in patients are also discussed. Consideration of all the properties of ambroxol can help in the appropriate choice of therapy and the determination of the effective drug dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Wiśniewska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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Ahmadzada B, Felgendreff P, Minshew AM, Amiot BP, Nyberg SL. Producing Human Livers From Human Stem Cells Via Blastocyst Complementation. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 31:100537. [PMID: 38854436 PMCID: PMC11160964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The need for organ transplants exceeds donor organ availability. In the quest to solve this shortage, the most remarkable area of advancement is organ production through the use of chimeric embryos, commonly known as blastocyst complementation. This technique involves the combination of different species to generate chimeras, where the extent of donor cell contribution to the desired tissue or organ can be regulated. However, ethical concerns arise with the use of brain tissue in such chimeras. Furthermore, the ratio of contributed cells to host animal cells in the chimeric system is low in the production of chimeras associated with cell apoptosis. This review discusses the latest innovations in blastocyst complementation and highlights the progress made in creating organs for transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Research Trainee in the Division of Surgery Research (Ahmadzada; limited tenure), Artificial Liver and Liver Transplantation Laboratory (Minshew, Amiot, and Nyberg), and Division of Surgery Research (Nyberg), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Research Fellow in the Division of Surgery Research (Felgendreff), Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Dr Felgendreff is also affiliated with the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Felgendreff
- Research Trainee in the Division of Surgery Research (Ahmadzada; limited tenure), Artificial Liver and Liver Transplantation Laboratory (Minshew, Amiot, and Nyberg), and Division of Surgery Research (Nyberg), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Research Fellow in the Division of Surgery Research (Felgendreff), Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Dr Felgendreff is also affiliated with the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna M Minshew
- Research Trainee in the Division of Surgery Research (Ahmadzada; limited tenure), Artificial Liver and Liver Transplantation Laboratory (Minshew, Amiot, and Nyberg), and Division of Surgery Research (Nyberg), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Research Fellow in the Division of Surgery Research (Felgendreff), Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Dr Felgendreff is also affiliated with the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce P Amiot
- Research Trainee in the Division of Surgery Research (Ahmadzada; limited tenure), Artificial Liver and Liver Transplantation Laboratory (Minshew, Amiot, and Nyberg), and Division of Surgery Research (Nyberg), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Research Fellow in the Division of Surgery Research (Felgendreff), Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Dr Felgendreff is also affiliated with the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Scott L Nyberg
- Research Trainee in the Division of Surgery Research (Ahmadzada; limited tenure), Artificial Liver and Liver Transplantation Laboratory (Minshew, Amiot, and Nyberg), and Division of Surgery Research (Nyberg), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Research Fellow in the Division of Surgery Research (Felgendreff), Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Dr Felgendreff is also affiliated with the Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Forman DE, Pignolo RJ. A Pragmatic Approach to Introducing Translational Geroscience Into the Clinic: A Paradigm Based on the Incremental Progression of Aging-Related Clinical Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae062. [PMID: 39126296 PMCID: PMC11316203 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Geroscience posits that molecular drivers underlie the aging process. Gerotherapeutics entail strategies to counter molecular drivers of aging to reduce the chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes they trigger. Although the concept of gerotherapeutics for prevention has generated much excitement, the implications of prescribing potentially harmful medications to older adults who are "healthy" have been associated with many delays. Concerns regarding safety and valid endpoints have contributed to holdups. In contrast, it has been relatively easier to implement trials of medications with gerotherapeutic properties as novel approaches to remedy disease. In these applications, the risks of the medications are easier to justify when therapeutic benefits are perceived as outweighing the harms of the disease. Likewise, metrics of effective disease treatments are often seen as more reliable and quantifiable than metrics of health prolongation. Overall, clarifying geroscience mechanisms in disease therapeutic applications provides key opportunities to advance translational geroscience, especially as preventive geroscience trials are often encumbered. In this review, gerotherapeutic benefits of canakinumab, cholchicine, and zoledronic acid as parts of disease management are considered. Longevity Clinics and other opportunities to advance translational geroscience as parts of contemporary care are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh Geriatrics, Research, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine (Divisions of Hospital Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Section on Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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225
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Zehra B, Mohamed N, Farhat A, Bru-Mercier G, Satsangi D, Tambi R, Kamarudheen R, Kumail M, Khalil R, Pessia M, D'Adamo MC, Berdiev BK, Uddin M. Integrative analysis of long isoform sequencing and functional data identifies distinct cortical layer neuronal subtypes derived from human iPSCs. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:653-665. [PMID: 38988287 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00045.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through reprogramming was a transformational change in the field of regenerative medicine that led to new possibilities for drug discovery and cell replacement therapy. Several protocols have been established to differentiate hiPSCs into neuronal lineages. However, low differentiation efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of these approaches. Here, we compared the efficiency of two methods of neuronal differentiation from iPSCs cultured in two different culture media, StemFlex Medium (SFM) and Essential 8 Medium (E8M). The results indicated that iPSCs cultured in E8M efficiently generated different types of neurons in a shorter time and without the growth of undifferentiated nonneuronal cells in the culture as compared with those generated from iPSCs in SFM. Furthermore, these neurons were validated as functional units immunocytochemically by confirming the expression of mature neuronal markers (i.e., NeuN, β tubulin, and Synapsin I) and whole cell patch-clamp recordings. Long-read single-cell RNA sequencing confirms the presence of upper and deep layer cortical layer excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes in addition to small populations of GABAergic neurons in day 30 neuronal cultures. Pathway analysis indicated that our protocol triggers the signaling transcriptional networks important for the process of neuronal differentiation in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Low differentiation efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of the existing protocols to differentiate iPSCs into neuronal lineages. Here, we present time-efficient and robust approach of neuronal differentiation leading to the generation of functional brain units, cortical layer neurons. We found iPSCs cultured in Essential 8 media (E8M) resulted in neuronal differentiation without the signs of growth of spontaneously differentiated cells in culture at any point in 35 days compared with Stemflex media (SFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Binte Zehra
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesrin Mohamed
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Farhat
- Dioscuri Centre in Topological Data Analysis, Mathematical Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gilles Bru-Mercier
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dharana Satsangi
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richa Tambi
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rihana Kamarudheen
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Kumail
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Khalil
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Bakhrom K Berdiev
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Trivedi A, Lin M, Miyazawa B, Nair A, Vivona L, Fang X, Bieback K, Schäfer R, Spohn G, McKenna D, Zhuo H, Matthay MA, Pati S. Inter- and Intra-donor variability in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: implications for clinical applications. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1062-1075. [PMID: 38852094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive as a therapeutic modality in multiple disease conditions characterized by inflammation and vascular compromise. Logistically they are advantageous because they can be isolated from adult tissue sources, such as bone marrow (BM). The phase 2a START clinical trial determined BM-MSCs to be safe in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Herein, we examine a subset of the clinical doses of MSCs generated for the phase 2a START trial from three unique donors (1-3), where one of the donors' donated BM on two separate occasions (donor 3 and 3W). METHODS The main objective of this study was to correlate properties of the cells from the four lots with plasma biomarkers from treated patients and relevant to ARDS outcomes. To do this we evaluated MSC donor lots for (i) post-thaw viability, (ii) growth kinetics, (iii) metabolism, (iv) surface marker expression, (v) protein expression, (vi) immunomodulatory ability and (vii) their functional effects on regulating endothelial cell permeability. RESULTS MSC-specific marker expression and protection of thrombin-challenged endothelial barrier permeability was similar among all four donor lots. Inter and intra-donor variability was observed in all the other in vitro assays. Furthermore, patient plasma ANG-2 and protein C levels at 6 hours post-transfusion were correlated to cell viability in an inter- and intra-donor dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of donor dependent (inter-) and collection dependent (intra-) effects in patient biomarker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maximillian Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Byron Miyazawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alison Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsay Vivona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Goethe University Medical Center, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Spohn
- Goethe University Medical Center, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, and German Red Cross Blood Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David McKenna
- University of Minnesota, Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hanjing Zhuo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Strack M, Kückelhaus J, Diebold M, Wuchter P, Huber PE, Schnell O, Sankowski R, Prinz M, Grosu AL, Heiland DH, Nicolay NH, Rühle A. Effects of tumor treating fields (TTFields) on human mesenchymal stromal cells. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:329-340. [PMID: 38900237 PMCID: PMC11341748 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the glioblastoma microenvironment have been shown to promote tumor progression. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields with low intensity and intermediate frequency that exhibit anti-tumorigenic effects. While the effects of TTFields on glioblastoma cells have been studied previously, nothing is known about the influence of TTFields on MSCs. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence staining were employed to identify glioblastoma-associated MSCs in patient samples. Proliferation and clonogenic survival of human bone marrow-derived MSCs were assessed after TTFields in vitro. MSC' characteristic surface marker expression was determined using flow cytometry, while multi-lineage differentiation potential was examined with immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was quantified based on caspase-3 and annexin-V/7-AAD levels in flow cytometry, and senescence was assessed with ß-galactosidase staining. MSCs' migratory potential was evaluated with Boyden chamber assays. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence showed the presence of glioblastoma-associated MSCs in patient samples. TTFields significantly reduced proliferation and clonogenic survival of human bone marrow-derived MSCs by up to 60% and 90%, respectively. While the characteristic surface marker expression and differentiation capacity were intact after TTFields, treatment resulted in increased apoptosis and senescence. Furthermore, TTFields significantly reduced MSCs' migratory capacity. CONCLUSION We could demonstrate the presence of tumor-associated MSCs in glioblastoma patients, providing a rationale to study the impact of TTFields on MSCs. TTFields considerably increase apoptosis and senescence in MSCs, resulting in impaired survival and migration. The results provide a basis for further analyses on the role of MSCs in glioblastoma patients receiving TTFields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Strack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Kückelhaus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Diebold
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Neurology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden- Württemberg- Hessen, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central (CCCG) Germany, Partner Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central (CCCG) Germany, Partner Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Barham K, Spencer R, Baker NC, Knudsen TB. Engineering a computable epiblast for in silico modeling of developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108625. [PMID: 38857815 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Developmental hazard evaluation is an important part of assessing chemical risks during pregnancy. Toxicological outcomes from prenatal testing in pregnant animals result from complex chemical-biological interactions, and while New Approach Methods (NAMs) based on in vitro bioactivity profiles of human cells offer promising alternatives to animal testing, most of these assays lack cellular positional information, physical constraints, and regional organization of the intact embryo. Here, we engineered a fully computable model of the embryonic disc in the CompuCell3D.org modeling environment to simulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epiblast cells and self-organization of mesodermal domains (chordamesoderm, paraxial, lateral plate, posterior/extraembryonic). Mesodermal fate is modeled by synthetic activity of the BMP4-NODAL-WNT signaling axis. Cell position in the epiblast determines timing with respect to EMT for 988 computational cells in the computer model. An autonomous homeobox (Hox) clock hidden in the epiblast is driven by WNT-FGF4-CDX signaling. Executing the model renders a quantitative cell-level computation of mesodermal fate and consequences of perturbation based on known biology. For example, synthetic perturbation of the control network rendered altered phenotypes (cybermorphs) mirroring some aspects of experimental mouse embryology, with electronic knockouts, under-activation (hypermorphs) or over-activation (hypermorphs) particularly affecting the size and specification of the posterior mesoderm. This foundational model is trained on embryology but capable of performing a wide variety of toxicological tasks conversing through anatomical simulation to integrate in vitro chemical bioactivity data with known embryology. It is amenable to quantitative simulation for probabilistic prediction of early developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Barham
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, USA; USEPA, Center for Compuational Toxicology and Exposure.
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Kang I, Koo M, Jun JH, Lee J. Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 cells against inflammation-induced by lipopolysaccharide. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:236-246. [PMID: 38599888 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is extensively utilized as an anti-aging agent and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates Toll-like receptor 4, a process modulated by intracellular signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study investigated the impact of NMN on osteogenesis in the presence of LPS. METHODS To elucidate the role of NMN in osteogenesis in the context of Gram-negative bacterial infection after LPS treatment, we cultured a mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) and subsequently incubated it with NMN and/or LPS. We then evaluated osteogenic activity by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, assessing gene expression and protein levels, and performing Alizarin Red S staining and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS MC3T3-E1 cells underwent successful differentiation into osteoblasts following treatment with osteogenic induction medium. LPS diminished features related to osteogenic differentiation, which were subsequently partially reversed by treatment with NMN. The restorative effects of NMN on LPS-exposed MC3T3-E1 cells were further substantiated by elucidating the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as confirmed through immunocytochemistry. CONCLUSION This study showed that infection with Gram-negative bacteria disrupted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. This adverse effect was partially reversed by administering a high-dose of NMN. Drawing on these results, we propose that NMN could serve as a viable therapeutic strategy to preserve bone homeostasis in elderly and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungjoo Koo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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230
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Buchanan RA, Wang Y, May JM, Harrison FE. Ascorbate insufficiency disrupts glutamatergic signaling and alters electroencephalogram phenotypes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106602. [PMID: 39004234 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported that increased epileptiform and subclinical epileptiform activity can be detected in many patients with an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis using electroencephalogram (EEG) and this may correlate with poorer cognition. Ascorbate may have a specific role as a neuromodulator in AD as it is released concomitantly with glutamate reuptake following excitatory neurotransmission. Insufficiency may therefore result in an exacerbated excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in neuronal signaling. Using a mouse model of AD that requires dietary ascorbate (Gulo-/-APPswe/PSEN1dE9), EEG was recorded at baseline and during 4 weeks of ascorbate depletion in young (5-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) animals. Data were scored for changes in quantity of spike trains, individual spikes, sleep-wake rhythms, sleep fragmentation, and brainwave power bands during light periods each week. We found an early increase in neuronal spike discharges with age and following ascorbate depletion in AD model mice and not controls, which did not correlate with brain amyloid load. Our data also show more sleep fragmentation with age and with ascorbate depletion. Additionally, changes in brain wave activity were observed within different vigilance states in both young and aged mice, where Gulo-/-APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice had shifts towards higher frequency bands (alpha, beta, and gamma) and ascorbate depletion resulted in shifts towards lower frequency bands (delta and theta). Microarray data supported ascorbate insufficiency altering glutamatergic transmission through the decreased expression of glutamate related genes, however no changes in protein expression of glutamate reuptake transporters were observed. These data suggest that maintaining optimal brain ascorbate levels may support normal brain electrical activity and sleep patterns, particularly in AD patient populations where disruptions are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Buchanan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James M May
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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231
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Bi H, Qin J, Huang J, Zhong C, Liu Y. Outer membrane vesicles from X-ray-irradiated Pseudomonas aeruginosa alleviate lung injury caused by P. aeruginosa infection-mediated sepsis. APMIS 2024; 132:646-656. [PMID: 38837446 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes pneumonia and sepsis. Previous research found that X-ray radiation can induce P. aeruginosa to release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of relatively consistent sizes. This study found that OMVs derived from X-ray-irradiated P. aeruginosa can significantly inhibit lung leakage, inflammatory cell infiltrating into lung, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNFα caused by P. aeruginosa infection under preventive and therapeutic administration conditions. Under the same conditions, OMVs also significantly alleviated pathological characteristics of lung injury, including pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, and alveolar wall thickening. OMVs also significantly reduced bacterial burdens in peritoneal cavity, accompanied by a reduction in the number of viable bacteria capable of forming bacterial colonies. Pretreating macrophages and neutrophils with OMVs enhances their bactericidal ability. When bacteria were cocultured with treated cells, the number of viable bacteria capable of forming bacterial colonies was significantly reduced. OMVs themselves have not been shown to cause any lung injury or affect bacterial viability. Therefore, OMVs derived from X-ray-irradiated P. aeruginosa may not only be applied in prevention and treatment of diseases associated with P. aeruginosa infection, but also served as an excellent vaccine development platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bi
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Qin
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cejun Zhong
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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232
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:440-460. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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233
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Peng SY, Chen CY, Chen H, Yang YP, Wang ML, Tsai FT, Chien CS, Weng PY, Tsai ET, Wang IC, Hsu CC, Lin TC, Hwang DK, Chen SJ, Chiou SH, Chiao CC, Chien Y. Inhibition of angiogenesis by the secretome from iPSC-derived retinal ganglion cells with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy-like phenotypes. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117270. [PMID: 39126773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood supply in the retina ensures photoreceptor function and maintains regular vision. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), caused by the mitochondrial DNA mutations that deteriorate complex I activity, is characterized by progressive vision loss. Although some reports indicated retinal vasculature abnormalities as one of the comorbidities in LHON, the paracrine influence of LHON-affected retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) on vascular endothelial cell physiology remains unclear. To address this, we established an in vitro model of mitochondrial complex I deficiency using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RGCs (iPSC-RGCs) treated with a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone (Rot) to recapitulate LHON pathologies. The secretomes from Rot-treated iPSC-RGCs (Rot-iPSC-RGCs) were collected, and their treatment effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was studied. Rot induced LHON-like characteristics in iPSC-RGCs, including decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. When HUVECs were exposed to conditioned media (CM) from Rot-iPSC-RGCs, the angiogenesis of HUVECs was suppressed compared to those treated with CM from control iPSC-RGCs (Ctrl-iPSC-RGCs). Angiogenesis-related proteins were altered in the secretomes from Rot-iPSC-RGC-derived CM, particularly angiopoietin, MMP-9, uPA, collagen XVIII, and VEGF were reduced. Notably, GeneMANIA analysis indicated that VEGFA emerged as the pivotal angiogenesis-related protein among the identified proteins secreted by health iPSC-RGCs but reduced in the secretomes from Rot-iPSC-RGCs. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots confirmed the reduction of VEGFA at both transcription and translation levels, respectively. Our study reveals that Rot-iPSC-RGCs establish a microenvironment to diminish the angiogenic potential of vascular cells nearby, shedding light on the paracrine regulation of LHON-affected RGCs on retinal vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Peng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Weng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Tung Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan, ROC; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chuan-Chin Chiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, ROC.
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234
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Xu K, Huang RQ, Wen RM, Yao TT, Cao Y, Chang B, Cheng Y, Yi XJ. Annexin A family: A new perspective on the regulation of bone metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117271. [PMID: 39121589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption are critical processes in bone metabolism. Annexin A, a calcium-phospholipid binding protein, regulates the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, and has gradually become a marker gene for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. As calcium channel proteins, the annexin A family members are closely associated with mechanical stress, which can target annexins A1, A5, and A6 to promote bone cell differentiation. Despite the significant clinical potential of annexin A family members in bone metabolism, few studies have reported on these mechanisms. Therefore, based on a review of relevant literature, this article elaborates on the specific functions and possible mechanisms of annexin A family members in bone metabolism to provide new ideas for their application in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Rui-Qi Huang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Rui-Ming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Yao
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heifei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Bo Chang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Xue-Jie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
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235
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Castillo H, Hanna P, Sachs LM, Buisine N, Godoy F, Gilbert C, Aguilera F, Muñoz D, Boisvert C, Debiais-Thibaud M, Wan J, Spicuglia S, Marcellini S. Xenopus tropicalis osteoblast-specific open chromatin regions reveal promoters and enhancers involved in human skeletal phenotypes and shed light on early vertebrate evolution. Cells Dev 2024; 179:203924. [PMID: 38692409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
While understanding the genetic underpinnings of osteogenesis has far-reaching implications for skeletal diseases and evolution, a comprehensive characterization of the osteoblastic regulatory landscape in non-mammalian vertebrates is still lacking. Here, we compared the ATAC-Seq profile of Xenopus tropicalis (Xt) osteoblasts to a variety of non mineralizing control tissues, and identified osteoblast-specific nucleosome free regions (NFRs) at 527 promoters and 6747 distal regions. Sequence analyses, Gene Ontology, RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq against four key histone marks confirmed that the distal regions correspond to bona fide osteogenic transcriptional enhancers exhibiting a shared regulatory logic with mammals. We report 425 regulatory regions conserved with human and globally associated to skeletogenic genes. Of these, 35 regions have been shown to impact human skeletal phenotypes by GWAS, including one trps1 enhancer and the runx2 promoter, two genes which are respectively involved in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I and cleidocranial dysplasia. Intriguingly, 60 osteoblastic NFRs also align to the genome of the elephant shark, a species lacking osteoblasts and bone tissue. To tackle this paradox, we chose to focus on dlx5 because its conserved promoter, known to integrate regulatory inputs during mammalian osteogenesis, harbours an osteoblast-specific NFR in both frog and human. Hence, we show that dlx5 is expressed in Xt and elephant shark odontoblasts, supporting a common cellular and genetic origin of bone and dentine. Taken together, our work (i) unravels the Xt osteogenic regulatory landscape, (ii) illustrates how cross-species comparisons harvest data relevant to human biology and (iii) reveals that a set of genes including bnc2, dlx5, ebf3, mir199a, nfia, runx2 and zfhx4 drove the development of a primitive form of mineralized skeletal tissue deep in the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Castillo
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricia Hanna
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Laurent M Sachs
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Francisco Godoy
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Clément Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 12 route 128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - David Muñoz
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catherine Boisvert
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wan
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
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Popp C, Miller W, Eide C, Tolar J, McGrath JA, Ebens CL. Beyond the Surface: A Narrative Review Examining the Systemic Impacts of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1943-1953. [PMID: 38613531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare genetic disease resulting from inadequate type VII collagen (C7). Although recurrent skin blisters and wounds are the most apparent disease features, the impact of C7 loss is not confined to the skin and mucous membranes. RDEB is a systemic disease marred by chronic inflammation, fibrotic changes, pain, itch, and anemia, significantly impacting QOL and survival. In this narrative review, we summarize these systemic features of RDEB and promising research avenues to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Popp
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William Miller
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; MHealth Fairview Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christen L Ebens
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; MHealth Fairview Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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237
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Fernandez-Gil BI, Schiapparelli P, Navarro-Garcia de Llano JP, Otamendi-Lopez A, Ulloa-Navas MJ, Michaelides L, Vazquez-Ramos CA, Herchko SM, Murray ME, Cherukuri Y, Asmann YW, Trifiletti DM, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Effects of PreOperative radiotherapy in a preclinical glioblastoma model: a paradigm-shift approach. J Neurooncol 2024; 169:633-646. [PMID: 39037687 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE PreOperative radiotherapy (RT) is commonly used in the treatment of brain metastasis and different cancer types but has never been used in primary glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we aim to establish, describe, and validate the use of PreOperative RT for the treatment of GBM in a preclinical model. METHODS Rat brains were locally irradiated with 30-Gy, hypofractionated in five doses 2 weeks before or after the resection of intracranial GBM. Kaplan-Meier analysis determined survival. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and nuclei size and p21 senescence marker were measured in both resected and recurrent rodent tumors. Immunohistochemistry assessed microglia/macrophage markers, and RNAseq analyzed gene expression changes in recurrent tumors. Akoya Multiplex Staining on two human patients from our ongoing Phase I/IIa trial served as proof of principle. RESULTS PreOperative RT group median survival was significantly higher than PostOperative RT (p < 0.05). Radiation enlarged cytoplasm and nuclei in PreOperative RT resected tumors (p < 0.001) and induced senescence in PostOperative RT recurrent tumors (p < 0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested a more proliferative profile in PreOperative RT group. PreOperative RT showed lower macrophage/microglia recruitment in recurrent tumors (p < 0.01) compared to PostOperative RT. Akoya Multiplex results indicated TGF-ß accumulation in the cytoplasm of TAMs and CD4 + lymphocyte predominance in PostOperative group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical study showing feasibility and longer overall survival using neoadjuvant radiotherapy before GBM resection in a mammalian model. This suggests strong superiority for new clinical radiation strategies. Further studies and trials are required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven M Herchko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yesesri Cherukuri
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Rizzuti M, Melzi V, Brambilla L, Quetti L, Sali L, Ottoboni L, Meneri M, Ratti A, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Corti S, Abati E. Shaping the Neurovascular Unit Exploiting Human Brain Organoids. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6642-6657. [PMID: 38334812 PMCID: PMC11338975 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids, three-dimensional cell structures derived from pluripotent stem cells, closely mimic key aspects of the human brain in vitro, providing a powerful tool for studying neurodevelopment and disease. The neuroectodermal induction protocol employed for brain organoid generation primarily gives rise to the neural cellular component but lacks the vital vascular system, which is crucial for the brain functions by regulating differentiation, migration, and circuit formation, as well as delivering oxygen and nutrients. Many neurological diseases are caused by dysfunctions of cerebral microcirculation, making vascularization of human brain organoids an important tool for pathogenetic and translational research. Experimentally, the creation of vascularized brain organoids has primarily focused on the fusion of vascular and brain organoids, on organoid transplantation in vivo, and on the use of microfluidic devices to replicate the intricate microenvironment of the human brain in vitro. This review summarizes these efforts and highlights the importance of studying the neurovascular unit in a forward-looking perspective of leveraging their use for understanding and treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Quetti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sali
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Smulders PS, Heikamp K, Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, ten Hoope W, Weber NC. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy models constructed from human induced pluripotent stem cells and directly converted cells: a systematic review. Pain 2024; 165:1914-1925. [PMID: 38381959 PMCID: PMC11331829 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Developments in human cellular reprogramming now allow for the generation of human neurons for in vitro disease modelling. This technique has since been used for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) research, resulting in the description of numerous CIPN models constructed from human neurons. This systematic review provides a critical analysis of available models and their methodological considerations (ie, used cell type and source, CIPN induction strategy, and validation method) for prospective researchers aiming to incorporate human in vitro models of CIPN in their research. The search strategy was developed with assistance from a clinical librarian and conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase (Ovid) on September 26, 2023. Twenty-six peer-reviewed experimental studies presenting original data about human reprogrammed nonmotor neuron cell culture systems and relevant market available chemotherapeutics drugs were included. Virtually, all recent reports modeled CIPN using nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons. Drugs known to cause the highest incidence of CIPN were most used. Furthermore, treatment effects were almost exclusively validated by the acute effects of chemotherapeutics on neurite dynamics and cytotoxicity parameters, enabling the extrapolation of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration for the 4 most used chemotherapeutics. Overall, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the way studies applied chemotherapy and reported their findings. We therefore propose 6 suggestions to improve the clinical relevance and appropriateness of human cellular reprogramming-derived CIPN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S.H. Smulders
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Heikamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Werner ten Hoope
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Nina C. Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Freitag J, Chamberlain M, Wickham J, Shah K, Cicuttini F, Wang Y, Solterbeck A. Safety and efficacy of an allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell preparation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A Phase I/IIa randomised controlled trial. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2024; 6:100500. [PMID: 39161739 PMCID: PMC11331931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of an allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell preparation (MAG200) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis over 12 months. Design A single-centre, double-blind, ascending dose, randomised controlled trial. 40 participants with moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomised to receive a single intra-articular injection of MAG200 (dose cohorts:10, 20, 50, 100 × 106 cells) or placebo. Primary objectives were safety and efficacy according to a compound responder analysis of minimal clinically important difference in pain (numerical pain rating scale [NPRS]) and function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Function in Daily Living subscale [KOOSADL]) at month 12. Secondary efficacy outcomes included changes from baseline in patient reported outcome measures and evaluation of disease-modification using quantitative MRI. Results Treatment was well tolerated with no treatment-related serious adverse events. MAG200 cohorts reported a greater proportion of responders than placebo and demonstrated clinical and statistically significant improvement in pain and clinically relevant improvement in all KOOS subscales. MAG200 demonstrated a reproducible treatment effect over placebo, which was clinically relevant for pain in the 10 × 106 dose cohort (mean difference NPRS:-2.25[95%CI:-4.47,-0.03, p = 0.0468]) and for function in the 20 × 106 and 100 × 106 dose cohorts (mean difference KOOSADL:10.12[95%CI:-1.51,21.76, p = 0.0863] and 10.81[95%CI:-1.42,23.04, p = 0.0810] respectively). A trend in disease-modification was observed with improvement in total knee cartilage volume in MAG200 10, 20, and 100 × 106 dose cohorts, with progression of osteoarthritis in placebo, though this was not statistically significant. No clear dose response was observed. Conclusion This early-phase study provides supportive safety and efficacy evidence to progress MAG200 to later-stage trial development. Trial registration ACTRN12617001095358/ACTRN12621000622808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- School of Rural Medicine, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre Research, Box Hill, VIC, 3128, Australia
- Magellan Stem Cells, 9A Sugar Gum Court, Braeside, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | | | - James Wickham
- School of Dentistry & Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, 9A Sugar Gum Court, Braeside, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ann Solterbeck
- Statistical Revelations Pty Ltd, Ocean Grove, VIC, 3226, Australia
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241
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Nawal RR, Yadav S, Duncan HF, Talwar S, Kaushik A, Singh VK, Koner BC. Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers; Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1200-1211. [PMID: 38703070 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM The success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) procedures is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the pulpal inflammatory condition. Compared with current subjective pulpal diagnostic tests, inflammatory molecular biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis represent potential objective indicators of the degree of pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify level of inflammatory biomarkers - Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α in patients diagnosed with reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IR) and normal pulp (NP) and investigate their diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy and inflamed conditions. METHODOLOGY This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 72 patients aged 14-53 years with extremely deep carious lesions after establishing a clinical diagnosis of RP (n = 42), symptomatic IR (n = 22) and NP (n = 8). 50 μL of pulpal blood sample was collected from all the patients using a micropipette after pulpal exposure. The level of IL-8 and TNF-α was assessed in pg/mL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to establish the association between IL-8/TNF-α level and degree of pulp inflammation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to calculate area under the curve (AUC) for RP versus IR. Cut-off values were established using Youden's index. RESULTS IL-8 and TNF-α levels differed significantly between RP and IR groups (p ≤ .001). The median value of IL-8 in RP and IP groups was 259.8 pg/mL [187.5-310.0] and 1357.8 pg/mL [1036.7-2177.6] respectively. The AUC-ROC curve for RP versus IR was 0.997 with 95.5% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity. The median value of TNF-α in RP and IR groups was 75.4 pg/mL [62.7-95.8] and 157.6 pg/mL [94.1-347.3]. The AUC-ROC curve for TNF-α was 0.812 with a sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% and 92.1%, respectively. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were below detection levels for all NP samples. CONCLUSION This study showed that pulpal blood could provide an excellent medium for establishing pulpal diagnosis under extremely deep carious lesions. The selected cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance for reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Future studies should correlate the IL-8/TNF-α levels with VPT treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishvarya Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidhan C Koner
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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242
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Yu Z, Zhang H, Li L, Li Z, Chen D, Pang X, Ji Y, Wang Y. Microglia-mediated pericytes migration and fibroblast transition via S1P/S1P3/YAP signaling pathway after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114864. [PMID: 38866101 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β positive (PDGFRβ+) pericytes detach from the microvascular wall and migrate into the injury center following spinal cord injury (SCI), which has been widely regarded as the main source of fibrotic scar, but the mechanism of migration and fibroblast transition remains elusive. Here we show the associated spatiotemporal distribution between microglia and pericytes at three and seven days post-injury (dpi). The increased expression of Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) in microglia significantly raised the concentration of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the spinal cord, which promotes migration and fibroblast transition of pericyte. In vitro experiments, we found the elevated Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3), the S1P/S1PR3 axis inhibited the phosphorylation of YAP and promoted its nuclear translocation, which contributed to the formation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (COL1) protein, This process can be blocked by an S1P3 specific inhibitor TY52156 in vitro. The S1P/S1P3/YAP pathway might be a potential target for treatment in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Yu
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Linxi Li
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Danmin Chen
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Guangzhou Med Univ, Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurosurg, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510260, PR China.
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243
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Malik S, Sikander M, Wahid M, Dhasmana A, Sarwat M, Khan S, Cobos E, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Deciphering cellular and molecular mechanism of MUC13 mucin involved in cancer cell plasticity and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:981-999. [PMID: 38498072 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
There has been a surge of interest in recent years in understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying cancer progression and treatment resistance. One molecule that has recently emerged in these mechanisms is MUC13 mucin, a transmembrane glycoprotein. Researchers have begun to unravel the molecular complexity of MUC13 and its impact on cancer biology. Studies have shown that MUC13 overexpression can disrupt normal cellular polarity, leading to the acquisition of malignant traits. Furthermore, MUC13 has been associated with increased cancer plasticity, allowing cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasize. Notably, MUC13 has also been implicated in the development of chemoresistance, rendering cancer cells less responsive to traditional treatment options. Understanding the precise role of MUC13 in cellular plasticity, and chemoresistance could pave the way for the development of targeted therapies to combat cancer progression and enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Unit of Research and Scientific Studies, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 5300 North L Street, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA.
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
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Campo Verde Arbocco F, Pascual LI, García D, Ortiz I, Gamarra-Luques C, Carón RW, Hapon MB. Epigenetic impact of hypothyroidism on the functional differentiation of the mammary gland in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112267. [PMID: 38729597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) lactogenic differentiation involves epigenetic mechanisms. We have previously shown that hypothyroidism (HypoT) alters the MG transcriptome in lactation. However, the role of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 a. k.a. THs) in epigenetic differentiation of MG is still unknown. We used a model of post-lactating HypoT rats to study in MG: a) Methylation and expression level of Gata3, Elf5, Stat6, Stat5a, Stat5b; b) Expression of Lalba, IL-4Rα and Ncoa1 mRNA; c) Histone H3 acetylation and d) Estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum. HypoT increases the estrogen serum level, decreases the progesterone level, promotes methylation of Stat5a, Stat5b and Stat6, decreasing their mRNA level and of its target genes (Lalba and IL-4Rα) and increases the Ncoa1 mRNA expression and histone H3 acetylation level. Our results proved that HypoT alters the post-lactation MG epigenome and could compromise mammary functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Campo Verde Arbocco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Argentina.
| | - Lourdes Inés Pascual
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daiana García
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Irina Ortiz
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rubén Walter Carón
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Belén Hapon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
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245
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He Q, Liao Y, Zhang H, Sun W, Zhou W, Lin J, Zhang T, Xie S, Wu H, Han J, Zhang Y, Wei W, Li C, Hong Y, Shen W, Ouyang H. Gel microspheres enhance the stemness of ADSCs by regulating cell-ECM interaction. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122616. [PMID: 38776592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The gel microsphere culture system (GMCS) showed various advantages for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion and delivery, such as high specific surface area, small and regular shape, extensive adjustability, and biomimetic properties. Although various technologies and materials have been developed to promote the development of gel microspheres, the differences in the biological status of MSCs between the GMCS and the traditional Petri dish culture system (PDCS) are still unknown, hindering gel microspheres from becoming a culture system as widely used as petri dishes. In the previous study, an excellent "all-in-one" GMCS has been established for the expansion of human adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs), which showed convenient cell culture operation. Here, we performed transcriptome and proteome sequencing on hADSCs cultured on the "all-in-one" GMCS and the PDCS. We found that hADSCs cultured in the GMCS kept in an undifferentiation status with a high stemness index, whose transcriptome profile is closer to the adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in vivo than those cultured in the PDCS. Further, the high stemness status of hADSCs in the GMCS was maintained through regulating cell-ECM interaction. For application, bilayer scaffolds were constructed by osteo- and chondro-differentiation of hADSCs cultured in the GMCS and the PDCS. The effect of osteochondral regeneration of the bilayer scaffolds in the GMCS group was better than that in the PDCS group. This study revealed the high stemness and excellent functionality of MSCs cultured in the GMCS, which promoted the application of gel microspheres in cell culture and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin He
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofang Xie
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Department of Sports Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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246
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Wang Y, Chang C, Wang R, Li X, Bao X. The advantages of multi-level omics research on stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1998-2003. [PMID: 38227528 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. However, despite many years of preclinical research, the application of stem cells is still limited to the clinical trial stage. Although stem cell therapy can be highly beneficial in promoting functional recovery, the precise mechanisms of action that are responsible for this effect have yet to be fully elucidated. Omics analysis provides us with a new perspective to investigate the physiological mechanisms and multiple functions of stem cells in ischemic stroke. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses have become important tools for discovering biomarkers and analyzing molecular changes under pathological conditions. Omics analysis could help us to identify new pathways mediated by stem cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke via stem cell therapy, thereby facilitating the translation of stem cell therapies into clinical use. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discuss recent progress in the development of stem cell therapies for the treatment of ischemic stroke by applying multi-level omics. We also discuss changes in RNAs, proteins, and metabolites in the cerebral tissues and body fluids under stroke conditions and following stem cell treatment, and summarize the regulatory factors that play a key role in stem cell therapy. The exploration of stem cell therapy at the molecular level will facilitate the clinical application of stem cells and provide new treatment possibilities for the complete recovery of neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- 4+4 Doctor Medical Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuheng Chang
- 4+4 Doctor Medical Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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247
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Yang L, Liu N, Yang Y. Astragaloside IV-induced BMSC exosomes promote neovascularization and protect cardiac function in myocardial infarction mice via the miR-411/HIF-1α axis. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:452-463. [PMID: 38088046 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2293844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on investigating the mechanism of the astragaloside IV-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosome (AS-IV-MSC-exo)/microRNA(miR)-411/HIF-1α axis in affecting vascular neovascularization and protecting cardiac function in myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Exosomes (MSC-exo and AS-IV-MSC-exo) were separated by differential centrifugation and then characterized. MI mouse models were established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function. HE staining and Masson staining were performed to observe myocardial histopathology. Capillary density in the myocardium via immunohistochemistry and quantified the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via RT-qPCR. The expression of miR-411 and HIF-1α was tested by RT-qPCR and western blot and the targeting relationship of miR-411 and HIF-1α was verified by bioinformatics website and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Exosomes with lipid bi-layer membrane structure, expressing exosomal surface marker proteins, and being taken up by cardiomyocytes could be successfully isolated utilizing ultracentrifugation. Intramyocardial injection of MSC-exo could restore cardiac function, decrease myocardial pathological changes and collagen deposition, and promote neovascularization in MI mice; the effect of AS-IV-MSC-exo was more significant. The ability of AS-IV-MSC-exo to restore cardiac function, lower myocardial pathological changes and collagen deposition, and promote neovascularization in MI mice was diminished when miR-411 expression in AS-IV-MSC-exo was reduced. Mechanistically, miR-411 was found to target and inhibit HIF-1α expression. Overexpression of HIF-1α impaired the impact of AS-IV-MSC-exo on improving cardiac function and promoting neovascularization in MI mice. AS-IV-MSC-exo improves cardiac function and promoted neovascularization via the miR-411/HIF-1α axis, thereby ameliorating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Zhumadian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research and Translational Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Zhumadian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research and Translational Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, People's Republic of China
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248
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D'Egidio F, Castelli V, Lombardozzi G, Ammannito F, Cimini A, d'Angelo M. Therapeutic advances in neural regeneration for Huntington's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1991-1997. [PMID: 38227527 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the production of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological conditions, Htt is involved in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, DNA maintenance, axonal trafficking, and antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the production of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead to cell death. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its dangerous activity, the GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected by the mHtt-induced excitotoxicity both in the cortex and in the striatum. However, as the neurodegeneration proceeds ahead the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, determining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington's disease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington's disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive disorders and dementia. Huntington's disease shows a prevalence of around 3.92 cases every 100,000 worldwide and an incidence of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To date, there is no available cure for Huntington's disease. Several treatments have been developed so far, aiming to reduce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow down the inexorable decline caused by the disease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the different aspects of Huntington's disease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of studies demonstrated the detrimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington's disease condition highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would be a reasonable strategy to overcome the neurodegeneration. In this view, numerous have been the attempts in several preclinical models of Huntington's disease to evaluate the feasibility of invasive and non-invasive approaches. Thus, the aim of this review is to offer an overview of the most appealing approaches spanning from stem cell-based cell therapy to extracellular vesicles such as exosomes in light of promoting neurogenesis, discussing the results obtained so far, their limits and the future perspectives regarding the neural regeneration in the context of Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Egidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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249
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Yang Q, Xu M, Fang H, Gao Y, Zhu D, Wang J, Chen Y. Targeting micromotion for mimicking natural bone healing by using NIPAM/Nb 2C hydrogel. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:41-58. [PMID: 38800718 PMCID: PMC11127186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fracture healing is most efficient when the fine-tuned mechanical force and proper micromotion are applied. To mimick this micromotion at the fracture gap, a near-infrared-II (NIR-II)-activated hydrogel was fabricated by integrating two-dimensional (2D) monolayer Nb2C nanosheets into a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM) hydrogel system. NIR-II-triggered deformation of the NIPAM/Nb2C hydrogel was designed to generate precise micromotion for co-culturing cells. It was validated that micromotion at 1/300 Hz, triggering a 2.37-fold change in the cell length/diameter ratio, is the most favorable condition for the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, mRNA sequencing and verification revealed that micromotion-induced augmentation was mediated by Piezo1 activation. Suppression of Piezo1 interrupts the mechano-sensitivity and abrogates osteogenic differentiation. Calvarial and femoral shaft defect models were established to explore the biocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the Micromotion Biomaterial. A series of research methods, including radiography, micro-CT scanning, and immunohistochemical staining have been performed to evaluate biosafety and osteogenic efficacy. The in vivo results revealed that tunable micromotion strengthens the natural fracture healing process through the sequential activation of endochondral ossification, promotion of neovascularization, initiation of mineral deposition, and combinatory acceleration of full-thickness osseous regeneration. This study demonstrated that Micromotion Biomaterials with controllable mechanophysical characteristics could promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and facilitate full osseous regeneration. The design of NIPAM/Nb2C hydrogel with highly efficient photothermal conversion, specific features of precisely controlled micromotion, and bionic-mimicking bone-repair capabilities could spark a new era in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengqiao Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haoyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Daoyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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250
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Giordo R, Ahmadi FAM, Husaini NA, Al-Nuaimi NRA, Ahmad SM, Pintus G, Zayed H. microRNA 21 and long non-coding RNAs interplays underlie cancer pathophysiology: A narrative review. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:831-852. [PMID: 38586315 PMCID: PMC10995982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse group of functional RNA molecules that lack the ability to code for proteins. Despite missing this traditional role, ncRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of various biological processes and have been implicated in the development and progression of many diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two prominent classes of ncRNAs that have emerged as key players in cancer pathophysiology. In particular, miR-21 has been reported to exhibit oncogenic roles in various forms of human cancer, including prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. In this context, miR-21 overexpression is closely associated with tumor proliferation, growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance, whereas miR-21 inactivation is linked to the regression of most tumor-related processes. Accordingly, miR-21 is a crucial modulator of various canonical oncogenic pathways such as PTEN/PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT, p53, MMP2, and MMP9. Moreover, interplays between lncRNA and miRNA further complicate the regulatory mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression. In this regard, several lncRNAs have been found to interact with miR-21 and, by functioning as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) or miRNA sponges, can modulate cancer tumorigenesis. This work presents and discusses recent findings highlighting the roles and pathophysiological implications of the miR-21-lncRNA regulatory axis in cancer occurrence, development, and progression. The data collected indicate that specific lncRNAs, such as MEG3, CASC2, and GAS5, are strongly associated with miR-21 in various types of cancer, including gastric, cervical, lung, and glioma. Indeed, these lncRNAs are well-known tumor suppressors and are commonly downregulated in different types of tumors. Conversely, by modulating various mechanisms and oncogenic signaling pathways, their overexpression has been linked with preventing tumor formation and development. This review highlights the significance of these regulatory pathways in cancer and their potential for use in cancer therapy as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Abdullah M. Ahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nedal Al Husaini
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora Rashid A.M. Al-Nuaimi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma M.S. Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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