251
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Huang M, Jia Z, Luo S, Cheng JP. Quantitative Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Radical. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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252
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Yang N, Fang Y, Xu F, Zhou R, Jin X, Zhang L, Shi J, Fang J, Wu H, Zhang Z. Application of the stabilization effect of a silyl group in radical-polar crossover reactions enabled by photoredox-neutral catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the stabilization effect of a silyl group, with a bulky but positive nature, a range of less investigated organosilanes could be generally accessed via photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianxun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianghua Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
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253
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Liu Y, Luo W, Xia T, Fang Y, Du C, Jin X, Li Y, Zhang L, Lei W, Wu H. Merging radical-polar crossover/cycloisomerization processes: access to polyfunctional furans enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis for furan synthesis: The cyclisation of yne-enones proceeds smoothly via consecutive reductive radical-polar crossover and cycloisomerization processes enabled by cooperative photoredox-neutral and copper catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Tingting Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
| | - Chan Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Wan Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
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254
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255
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Oderinde MS, Ramirez A, Dhar TGM, Cornelius LAM, Jorge C, Aulakh D, Sandhu B, Pawluczyk J, Sarjeant AA, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Kempson J. Photocatalytic Dearomative Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Heterocycles for Building Molecular Complexity. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1730-1747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martins S. Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical & Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Lyndon A. M. Cornelius
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Christine Jorge
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Darpandeep Aulakh
- Materials Science & Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Bhupinder Sandhu
- Materials Science & Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Joseph Pawluczyk
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Materials Science & Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - James Kempson
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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256
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Abstract
Photochemical transformations of molecular building blocks have become an important and widely recognized research field in the past decade. Detailed and deep understanding of novel photochemical catalysts and reaction concepts with visible light as the energy source has enabled a broad application portfolio for synthetic organic chemistry. In parallel, continuous-flow chemistry and microreaction technology have become the basis for thinking and doing chemistry in a novel fashion with clear focus on improved process control for higher conversion and selectivity. As can be seen by the large number of scientific publications on flow photochemistry in the recent past, both research topics have found each other as exceptionally well-suited counterparts with high synergy by combining chemistry and technology. This review will give an overview on selected reaction classes, which represent important photochemical transformations in synthetic organic chemistry, and which benefit from mild and defined process conditions by the transfer from batch to continuous-flow mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rehm
- Division Energy & Chemical Technology/Flow Chemistry GroupFraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMMCarl-Zeiss-Straße 18–2055129MainzGermany
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257
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Abstract
The merger of transition metal catalysis and electroorganic synthesis has recently emerged as a versatile platform for the development of highly enabling radical reactions in a sustainable fashion. Electrochemistry provides access to highly reactive radical species under extremely mild reaction conditions from abundant native functionalities. Transition metal catalysts can be used as redox-active electrocatalysts to shuttle electrons, chiral information to organic substrates, and the reactive intermediates in the electrolytic systems. The combination of these strategies in this mechanistic paradigm thus makes the generation and utilization of radical species in a chemoselective manner and allows further application to more synthetically attractive enantioselective radical transformations. This perspective discusses key advances over the past few years in the field of electrochemical transition metal catalysis and demonstrates how the unique features of this strategy permit challenging or previously elusive transformations via radical pathways to be successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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258
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Murugesan K, Donabauer K, König B. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Metal‐Free Synthesis of (Hetero)Aromatic Nitriles from C(sp
3
)−H Bonds**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Germany
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259
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Cong F, Lv XY, Day CS, Martin R. Dual Catalytic Strategy for Forging sp2–sp3 and sp3–sp3 Architectures via β-Scission of Aliphatic Alcohol Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20594-20599. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xin-Yang Lv
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S. Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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260
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Cagan DA, Stroscio GD, Cusumano AQ, Hadt RG. Multireference Description of Nickel–Aryl Homolytic Bond Dissociation Processes in Photoredox Catalysis. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9915-9922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Cagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gautam D. Stroscio
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q. Cusumano
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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261
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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262
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Guo L, Yuan M, Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhu S, Gutierrez O, Chu L. General Method for Enantioselective Three-Component Carboarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light Dual Photoredox/Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10.1021/jacs.0c08823. [PMID: 33211954 PMCID: PMC8131407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted photoredox/nickel protocol for the enantioselective three-component carboarylation of alkenes with tertiary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates and aryl bromides is described. This redox-neutral protocol allows for facile and divergent access to a wide array of enantioenriched β-alkyl-α-arylated carbonyls, phosphonates, and sulfones in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities from readily available starting materials. We also report a modular and enantioselective synthesis of flurbiprofen analogs and piragliatin lead compound to demonstrate synthetic utility. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies were performed to gain insights into the mechanism and origin of chemo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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263
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Zhang D, Tang ZL, Ouyang XH, Song RJ, Li JH. Copper-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative alkylation of cinnamic acids with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14055-14058. [PMID: 33103675 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new oxidative decarboxylation of cinnamic acids with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines to construct C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds in the presence of copper catalyst and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). A variety of internal alkenes have been obtained with mild conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. This method has significant potential for application by using inexpensive and stable cinnamic acids instead of alkenyl halides and nitro-olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Zi-Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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264
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Li P, Terrett JA, Zbieg JR. Visible-Light Photocatalysis as an Enabling Technology for Drug Discovery: A Paradigm Shift for Chemical Reactivity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2120-2130. [PMID: 33214820 PMCID: PMC7667657 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visible light-mediated photocatalysis, which relies on the ability of photocatalysts to absorb low-energy visible light and engage in single-electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (ET) processes with organic substrates, has emerged as one of the fastest growing fields in organic synthesis. This catalytic platform enables a highly selective approach to promote radical-based organic transformations which unlocks unique reaction pathways. Due to the extremely mild conditions of these transformations and compatibility in aqueous environments, photocatalysis has emerged as an enabling technology in drug discovery. Photocatalysis is uniquely positioned for application in pharmaceutical development because of its demonstrated potential for broad functional group tolerance, biocompatibility, site-specific selectivity, and operational simplicity. This review will highlight the recent advances of visible-light photocatalysis through its application in peptide functionalization, protein bioconjugation, Csp 3-Csp 2 cross-coupling, late-stage functionalization, isotopic labeling, DNA-encoded library technology (DELT), and microenvironment mapping (μMap).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack A. Terrett
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R. Zbieg
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech,
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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265
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Sen C, Sarvaiya B, Sarkar S, Ghosh SC. Room-Temperature Synthesis of Isoindolone Spirosuccinimides: Merger of Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15287-15304. [PMID: 33141591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A room-temperature C-H bond functionalization of benzamides has been developed by merging a photocatalyst with a cobalt catalyst for the synthesis of isoindolone spirosuccinimides. The reaction proceeds in aerobic conditions and does not require any sacrificial external oxidants such as Ag(I) or Mn(III) salts. Visible light activates the photocatalyst, and it acts as an electron-transfer reagent and helps in the fundamental organometallic steps by modulating the oxidation state of the cobalt complex. This C-H bond functionalization and spirocyclization showed wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed from the experimental outcome, showing that C-H bond activation is irreversible and not the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Sen
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavesh Sarvaiya
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Ghosh
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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266
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Reischauer S, Strauss V, Pieber B. Modular, Self-Assembling Metallaphotocatalyst for Cross-Couplings Using the Full Visible-Light Spectrum. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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267
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Shu X, Huan L, Huang Q, Huo H. Direct Enantioselective C(sp 3)-H Acylation for the Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19058-19064. [PMID: 33125845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A direct enantioselective acylation of α-amino C(sp3)-H bonds with carboxylic acids has been achieved via the merger of transition metal and photoredox catalysis. This straightforward protocol enables cross-coupling of a wide range of carboxylic acids, one class of feedstock chemicals, with readily available N-alkyl benzamides to produce highly valuable α-amino ketones in high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The synthetic utility of this method is further demonstrated by gram scale synthesis and application to late-stage functionalization. This method provides an unprecedented solution to address the challenging stereocontrol in metallaphotoredox catalysis and C(sp3)-H functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest the α-C(sp3)-H bond of the benzamide coupling partner is cleavage by photocatalytically generated bromine radicals to form α-amino alkyl radicals, which subsequently engages in nickel-catalyzed asymmetric acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Leitao Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haohua Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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268
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Suga T, Takahashi Y, Ukaji Y. One‐Shot Radical Cross Coupling Between Benzyl Alcohols and Alkenyl Halides Using Ni/Ti/Mn System. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suga
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuuki Takahashi
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University, Kakuma Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
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269
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Ghouilem J, de Robichon M, Le Bideau F, Ferry A, Messaoudi S. Emerging Organometallic Methods for the Synthesis of C-Branched (Hetero)aryl, Alkenyl, and Alkyl Glycosides: C-H Functionalization and Dual Photoredox Approaches. Chemistry 2020; 27:491-511. [PMID: 32813294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization and photoredox nickel dual catalysis have emerged as innovative and powerful avenues for the synthesis of C-branched glycosides. These two concepts have been recently established and provide efficient and mild methods for accessing a series of valuable complex C-branched glycosides of great interest. Herein, recent developments in the synthesis of C-branched aryl/alkenyl/alkyl glycosides through these two approaches are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juba Ghouilem
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Morgane de Robichon
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, BioCIS, Equipe de Chimie Biologique, CNRS, 95000, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Franck Le Bideau
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Angélique Ferry
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, BioCIS, Equipe de Chimie Biologique, CNRS, 95000, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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270
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Chilamari M, Immel JR, Bloom S. General Access to C-Centered Radicals: Combining a Bioinspired Photocatalyst with Boronic Acids in Aqueous Media. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob R. Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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271
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Gao J, Feng J, Du D. Shining Light on C−S Bonds: Recent Advances in C−C Bond Formation Reactions via C−S Bond Cleavage under Photoredox Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3637-3659. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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272
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Maity B, Zhu C, Yue H, Huang L, Harb M, Minenkov Y, Rueping M, Cavallo L. Mechanistic Insight into the Photoredox-Nickel-HAT Triple Catalyzed Arylation and Alkylation of α-Amino C sp3-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16942-16952. [PMID: 32900195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report here a comprehensive computational analysis of the mechanisms of the photoredox-nickel-HAT (HAT: hydrogen atom transfer) catalyzed arylation and alkylation of α-amino Csp3-H bonds developed by MacMillan and co-workers. Different alternatives for the three catalytic cycles were tested to identify unambiguously the operative reaction mechanism. Our analysis indicated that the IrIII photoredox catalyst, upon irradiation with visible light, can be either reduced or oxidized by the HAT and nickel catalysts, respectively, indicating that both reductive and oxidative quenching catalytic cycles can be operative, although the reductive cycle is favored. Our analysis of the HAT cycle indicated that activation of a α-amino Csp3-H bond of the substrate is facile and selective relative to activation of a β-amino Csp3-H bond. Finally, our analysis of the nickel cycle indicated that both arylation and alkylation of α-amino Csp3-H bonds occurs via the sequence of nickel oxidation states NiI-NiII-NiI-NiIII and of elementary steps: radical addition-SET-oxidative addition-reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bholanath Maity
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Zhu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moussab Harb
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yury Minenkov
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Street 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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273
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Chen KQ, Sheng H, Liu Q, Shao PL, Chen XY. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical reactions. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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274
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Sato Y, Miyamoto Y, Sumida Y, Hosoya T, Ohmiya H. Boracene-based alkylborate enabled Ni/Ir hybrid catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6598-6601. [PMID: 32812987 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Boracene-based alkylborate enabled visible light-mediated metallaphotoredox catalysis. The directly excited borate was easily oxidatively quenched by an excited Ir photoredox catalyst. Ni/Ir hybrid catalysis afforded the products under significantly low irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Sato
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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275
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Rakshit A, Kumar P, Alam T, Dhara H, Patel BK. Visible-Light-Accelerated Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Addition/Cyclization of Arylboronic Acids to γ- and β-Ketodinitriles for the Construction of 3-Cyanopyridines and 3-Cyanopyrrole Analogues. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12482-12504. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendranath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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276
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Crespi S, Fagnoni M. Generation of Alkyl Radicals: From the Tyranny of Tin to the Photon Democracy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9790-9833. [PMID: 32786419 PMCID: PMC8009483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radicals are key intermediates in organic synthesis. Their classic generation from alkyl halides has a severe drawback due to the employment of toxic tin hydrides to the point that "flight from the tyranny of tin" in radical processes was considered for a long time an unavoidable issue. This review summarizes the main alternative approaches for the generation of unstabilized alkyl radicals, using photons as traceless promoters. The recent development in photochemical and photocatalyzed processes enabled the discovery of a plethora of new alkyl radical precursors, opening the world of radical chemistry to a broader community, thus allowing a new era of photon democracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Center for Systems
Chemistry University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, V. Le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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277
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Kelly CB, Padilla-Salinas R. Late stage C-H functionalization via chalcogen and pnictogen salts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10047-10060. [PMID: 34094266 PMCID: PMC8162414 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) of heteroarenes can dramatically accelerate SAR studies by enabling the installation of functional groups that would otherwise complicate a synthetic sequence. Although heteroaryl halides and boronic esters have well-established chemistries for LSF, alternatives that enable site-selective C-H functionalization are highly attractive. Recently, three unrelated cationic groups (phosphonium, pyridinium, and thianthrenium), which can replace C-H bonds late stage, have been identified as precursors to various functional groups. This review will discuss the synthesis and application of these three salts with an emphasis on their use for LSF and application to medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC 1400 McKean Road Spring House Pennsylvania 19477 USA
| | - Rosaura Padilla-Salinas
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC 1400 McKean Road Spring House Pennsylvania 19477 USA
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278
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Wang D, Feng W, Wu Y, Liu T, Wang P. Redox‐Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysis: Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Arylboronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao‐Ming Wang
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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279
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Wang D, Feng W, Wu Y, Liu T, Wang P. Redox‐Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysis: Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Arylboronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20399-20404. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao‐Ming Wang
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State key laboratory of organometallic chemistry Center for excellence in molecular synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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280
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Lipp A, Badir SO, Molander GA. Stereoinduktion in der Metallaphotoredoxkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Department of Chemistry Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Department of Chemistry Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
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281
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Lipp A, Badir SO, Molander GA. Stereoinduction in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1714-1726. [PMID: 32677341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis has evolved into an enabling platform to construct C(sp3 )-hybridized centers under remarkably mild reaction conditions. The cultivation of abundant radical precursor feedstocks has significantly increased the scope of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, especially with respect to C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) linkages. In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the origin of stereoinduction in dual catalytic processes. In this context, Ni- and Cu-catalyzed transformations have played a predominant role exploiting this mode of catalysis. Herein, we provide a critical overview on recent progress in enantioselective bond formations enabled by Ni- and Cu-catalyzed manifolds. Furthermore, selected stereochemical control elements within the realm of diastereoselective transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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282
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Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
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283
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Zheng S, Chen Z, Hu Y, Xi X, Liao Z, Li W, Yuan W. Selective 1,2‐Aryl‐Aminoalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zixuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Weirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
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284
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Zheng S, Chen Z, Hu Y, Xi X, Liao Z, Li W, Yuan W. Selective 1,2-Aryl-Aminoalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17910-17916. [PMID: 32633062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly chemo- and regioselective intermolecular 1,2-aryl-aminoalkylation of alkenes by photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is described here. This three-component conjunctive cross-coupling is highlighted by its first application of primary alkyl radicals, which were not compatible in previous reports. The readily prepared α-silyl amines could be transferred to α-amino radicals by photo-induced single electron transfer step. The radical addition/cross-coupling cascade reaction proceeds under mild, base-free and redox-neutral conditions with good functional group tolerance, and importantly, provides an efficient and concise method for the synthesis of structurally valuable α-aryl substituted γ-amino acid derivatives motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zixuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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285
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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286
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Poremba KE, Dibrell SE, Reisman SE. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2020; 10:8237-8246. [PMID: 32905517 PMCID: PMC7470226 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reactions have emerged as powerful methods to join two electrophiles. These reactions have proven particularly useful for the coupling of sec-alkyl electrophiles to form stereogenic centers; however, the development of enantioselective variants remains challenging. In this Perspective, we summarize the progress that has been made toward Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Poremba
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sara E. Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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287
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Chen Y, McNamara N, May O, Pillaiyar T, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. Photoredox Generation of Sulfonyl Radicals and Coupling with Electron Deficient Olefins. Org Lett 2020; 22:5746-5748. [PMID: 32585112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various sulfone tetrazoles were activated via iridium photoredox catalysis in the presence of DMAP to give dialkyl sulfones. The presumed sulfone radical intermediates were trapped by a range of electron-deficient olefins in generally good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Nicole McNamara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Oliver May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Ammenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - David C Blakemore
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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288
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289
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He XK, Lu J, Zhang AJ, Zhang QQ, Xu GY, Xuan J. BI-OAc-Accelerated C3-H Alkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones under Visible-Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2020; 22:5984-5989. [PMID: 32705873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, photoredox-catalyst-free radical alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been described. This reaction utilizes 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (R-DHPs) as alkyl radical precursors and acetoxybenziodoxole (BI-OAc) as an electron acceptor to undergo single-electron transfer with photoexcited R-DHPs. The benign conditions allow for good compatibility in the scope of both quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and R-DHPs. The synthetic value of the protocol was also demonstrated by the successful functionalization of natural products and drug-based complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Xu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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290
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Cheng WM, Shang R. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Organic Reactions under Visible Light: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Min Cheng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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291
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Li L, Fang L, Wu W, Zhu J. Visible-Light-Mediated Intermolecular Radical Conjugate Addition for the Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Centers. Org Lett 2020; 22:5401-5406. [PMID: 32628495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The visible light-driven organophotoredox catalysis is reported for the construction of vicinal quaternary carbon centers. Intermolecular conjugate addition of alkyl radicals, derived from 2,2-disubstituted dihydroquinazolinones, to Michael acceptors under blue light irradiation and rhodamine B catalysis allows the facile assembly of diverse, vicinal secondary/quaternary, tertiary/quaternary, and quaternary/quaternary carbon centers at room temperature. Our method provides a synthetically versatile protocol since both 2,2-disubstituted dihydroquinazolinones and Michael acceptors can be conveniently prepared from readily available ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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292
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Ruzi R, Liu K, Zhu C, Xie J. Upgrading ketone synthesis direct from carboxylic acids and organohalides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3312. [PMID: 32620758 PMCID: PMC7334210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketone functional group has a unique reactivity in organic chemistry and is associated with a number of useful reactions. Catalytic methods for ketone synthesis are continually being developed. Here, we report a photoredox, nickel and phosphoranyl radical synergistic cross-electrophile coupling of commercially available chemicals, aromatic acids and aryl/alkyl bromides. This allows for concise synthesis of highly functionalized ketones directly, without the preparation of activated carbonyl intermediates or organometallic compounds, and thus complements the conventional Weinreb ketone synthesis. Use of the appropriate photocatalyst, ligand amount and solvents can match the reaction rate required by any simple catalytic cycle. The practicality and synthetic robustness of the reaction are illustrated by the facile synthesis of complex ketones from readily available feedstock chemicals. Due to their abundance and importance in organic chemistry, development of methods for ketone synthesis is essential. Here, the authors report a photoredox, nickel and phosphoranyl radical synergistic cross-electrophile coupling of aromatic acids and aryl/alkyl bromides to directly synthesise ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehanguli Ruzi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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293
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Garbacz M, Stecko S. The Synthesis of Chiral Allyl Carbamates via Merger of Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Garbacz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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294
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Zu W, Day C, Wei L, Jia X, Xu L. Dual aminoquinolate diarylboron and nickel catalysed metallaphotoredox platform for carbon-oxygen bond construction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8273-8276. [PMID: 32568331 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, aminoquinolate diarylboron complexes are utilized as photocatalysts in dual Ni/photoredox catalyzed carbon-oxygen construction reactions. Via this unified metallaphotoredox platform, diverse (hetero)aryl halides can be conveniently coupled with acids, alcohols and water. This method features operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and good compatibility with functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisai Zu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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295
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Zhu DL, Xu R, Wu Q, Li HY, Lang JP, Li HX. Nickel-Catalyzed Sonogashira C(sp)–C(sp2) Coupling through Visible-Light Sensitization. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9201-9212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- College of Overseas Education, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Analysis and Testing Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xi Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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296
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Malik JA, Madani A, Pieber B, Seeberger PH. Evidence for Photocatalyst Involvement in Oxidative Additions of Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylate O-Arylations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11042-11049. [PMID: 32469219 PMCID: PMC7467672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual photocatalysis and nickel catalysis can effect cross-coupling under mild conditions, but little is known about the in situ kinetics of this class of reactions. We report a comprehensive kinetic examination of a model carboxylate O-arylation, comparing a state-of-the-art homogeneous photocatalyst (Ir(ppy)3) with a competitive heterogeneous photocatalyst (graphitic carbon nitride). Experimental conditions were adjusted such that the nickel catalytic cycle is saturated with excited photocatalyst. This approach was designed to remove the role of the photocatalyst, by which only the intrinsic behaviors of the nickel catalytic cycles are observed. The two reactions did not display identical kinetics. Ir(ppy)3 deactivates the nickel catalytic cycle and creates more dehalogenated side product. Kinetic data for the reaction using Ir(ppy)3 supports a turnover-limiting reductive elimination. Graphitic carbon nitride gave higher selectivity, even at high photocatalyst-to-nickel ratios. The heterogeneous reaction also showed a rate dependence on aryl halide, indicating that oxidative addition plays a role in rate determination. The results argue against the current mechanistic hypothesis, which states that the photocatalyst is only involved to trigger reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal A Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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297
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Abstract
Progress in Ni/photoredox dual catalysis has enabled the construction of C(sp3)-hybridized centers under extremely mild reaction conditions in the presence of diverse functional groups. These strategies, however, are mainly restricted to the assembly of one C-C or C-heteroatom linkage because of the competitive two-component reactions and facile β-hydride elimination from alkylmetal complexes. Recently, photoinduced nickel-catalyzed 1,2-difunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes have attracted extensive research efforts as they allow the construction of two sequential chemical bonds from inexpensive starting materials in one pot. Herein, we explore recent advances, state the current challenges, and discuss perspectives on the design of new catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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298
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Zhu F, Zhang SQ, Chen Z, Rui J, Hong X, Walczak MA. Catalytic and Photochemical Strategies to Stabilized Radicals Based on Anomeric Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11102-11113. [PMID: 32479072 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, one of the three primary macromolecules of living organisms, play significant roles in various biological processes such as intercellular communication, cell recognition, and immune activity. While the majority of established methods for the installation of carbohydrates through the anomeric carbon rely on nucleophilic displacement, anomeric radicals represent an attractive alternative because of their functional group compatibility and high anomeric selectivities. Herein, we demonstrate that anomeric nucleophiles such as C1 stannanes can be converted into anomeric radicals by merging Cu(I) catalysis with blue light irradiation to achieve highly stereoselective C(sp3)-S cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed that the C-S bond-forming step occurs via the transfer of the anomeric radical directly to a sulfur electrophile bound to Cu(II) species. This pathway complements a radical chain observed for photochemical metal-free conditions where a disulfide initiator can be activated by a Lewis base additive. Both strategies utilize anomeric nucleophiles as efficient radical donors and achieve a switch from an ionic to a radical pathway. Taken together, the stability of glycosyl nucleophiles, a broad substrate scope, and high anomeric selectivities observed for the thermal and photochemical protocols make this novel C-S cross coupling a practical tool for late-stage glycodiversification of bioactive natural products and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jinyan Rui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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299
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Zhang Z, Hilche T, Slak D, Rietdijk NR, Oloyede UN, Flowers RA, Gansäuer A. Titanocenes as Photoredox Catalysts Using Green-Light Irradiation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9355-9359. [PMID: 32216162 PMCID: PMC7317808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of Cp2 TiCl2 with green light leads to electronically excited [Cp2 TiCl2 ]*. This complex constitutes an efficient photoredox catalyst for the reduction of epoxides and for 5-exo cyclizations of suitably unsaturated epoxides. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first example of a molecular titanium photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Tobias Hilche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Daniel Slak
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Niels R. Rietdijk
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | | | | | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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300
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Yu XY, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Visible Light-Driven Radical-Mediated C–C Bond Cleavage/Functionalization in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:506-561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Yu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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