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Dexmedetomidine disrupts esophagus cancer tumorigenesis by modulating circ_0003340/miR-198/HMGA2 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:448-458. [PMID: 35324528 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
More and more studies have focused on the regulatory role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various cancers. However, it is not clear how dexmedetomidine (DEX) affects esophagus cancer progression by affecting the expression of circRNAs. This study aimed to investigate the role of DEX in esophagus cancer and its underlying mechanism. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis and transwell assay were performed for cell apoptosis and invasion. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were assessed by western blot assay. The expression levels of circ_0003340 and microRNA-198 (miR-198) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-198 and circ_0003340 or HMGA2. Murine xenograft model was established to investigate the role of circ_0003340 and DEX in vivo. DEX exerted antitumor effects in esophagus cancer cells. DEX hindered proliferation and invasion while inducing apoptosis of esophagus cancer cells, which was abolished by circ_0003340 elevation, HMGA2 overexpression, or miR-198 silencing. miR-198 directly interacted with circ_0003340 and HMGA2 in esophagus cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of circ_0003340 could improve the anticancer role of DEX in vivo. DEX constrained cell carcinogenesis by regulating circ_0003340/miR-198/HMGA2 axis in esophagus cancer, providing an effective clinical implication for preventing the development of the esophagus cancer by the DEX.
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252
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Upregulation of Yin-Yang-1 Associates with Proliferation and Glutamine Metabolism in Esophageal Carcinoma. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:9305081. [PMID: 35359580 PMCID: PMC8961439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9305081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and its effect on glutamine metabolism in ESCA. Methods The expression and roles of YY1 in ESCA were investigated using a series of bioinformatics databases and tools. The expression of YY1 between ESCA tissues with the corresponding adjacent tissues was validated using real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining method. Furthermore, the effects of YY1 on ESCC cell proliferation and migration were examined. The correlation between the YY1 and glutamine metabolism was evaluated by western blot. Results YY1 gene was highly conserved in evolution and upregulated in ESCA tissues and ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and TE-1). In addition, YY1 may affect the level of immune cell infiltration and promote tumor cell immune escape. Functional enrichment analysis found that YY1 involved in many biological processes, such as cell division and glutathione and glutamine metabolism. After siRNA knockdown of YY1 in ECA109 and TE-1, the proliferation and the migration of ECA109 and TE-1 were suppressed. The glutamine consumption and glutamate production were significantly decreased. The protein expression of alanine-, serine-, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2), glutaminase (GLS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) was significantly downregulated. Conclusion YY1 is highly expressed in ESCA and may promote glutamine metabolism of ESCC cells, indicating it may be as a diagnostic biomarker for ESCA.
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253
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Qiu R, Wang W, Li J, Wang Y. Roles of PTEN inactivation and PD-1/PD-L1 activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6633-6645. [PMID: 35301651 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer in China and developing countries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and activation of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) upon binding to its ligand (PD-L1) in the promotion of ESCC. Studies of ESCC performed in vitro and in vivo indicated that PTEN and PD-L1 function in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Certain genetic variants of PTEN are related to susceptibility to ESCC, and PTEN and PD-L1 also function in ESCC progression and affect the prognosis of patients with ESCC. There is also evidence that the expression of PD-L1 and PTEN are associated with the progression of certain other cancers. Future studies should further examine the relationship of PD-L1 and PTEN and their possible interactions in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jian Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jian Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jian Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China.
- , No.12, Jiankang Road, 050011, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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254
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Zhang YL, Chen P, Guo Y, Zhang YJ. Clinical value of SIRT1 as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a systematic meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:527-535. [PMID: 35350833 PMCID: PMC8924434 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported that the expression of SIRT1 was associated with the clinical features of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the function remains inconsistent. We conducted this study to illustrate the clinical value of SIRT1 expression in the early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of ESCC. In this study, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched by two independent researchers and STATA14.0 software was used to conduct meta-analysis. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the pooled effect. Egger’s test and Begg’s funnel were used to assess publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the reliability and stability of meta-analysis results. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were enrolled, including 811 cases of ESCC. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that SIRT1 was overexpressed in ESCC and the SIRT1 expression was closely related to the clinicopathological features of ESCC, such as tumor infiltration, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and lymph node metastasis. In the survival analysis, high expression of SIRT1 represented a poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Our study demonstrated that SIRT1 was overexpressed in ESCC, and it might be a potential biomarker for progress of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ling Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jiangsu College of Nursing , Huai’an , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing , Qing Jiang pu District , Huai’an , Jiangsu Province, 223005 , China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Yan-jun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing , Qing Jiang pu District , Huai’an , Jiangsu Province, 223005 , China
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255
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Guo J, Tong CY, Shi JG, Li XJ. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 7(CXCR7) regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and promotes the metastasis of esophageal cancer by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7425-7438. [PMID: 35264069 PMCID: PMC8973702 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2048984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system that is prone to metastasis. Chemokines and their receptors act an essential role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR7 in the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer. CXCR7 was found highly expressed in clinical tissues and cells of esophageal cancer. Knockdown of CXCR7 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of esophageal cancer cells. The knockdown of chemokine CXCL12 also inhibited the expression of EMT-related proteins and the mesenchymal morphology changes of esophageal cancer cells, but the knockdown of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) had no such effect. Furthermore, the knockdown of CXCR7 attenuated the enhanced EMT process induced by CXCL12 overexpression, while the knockdown of CXCR4 cannot inhibit this process. In addition, overexpressed CXCL12/CXCR7 activated the downstream STAT3 pathway, but had little effect on the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) or serine-threonine kinase (AKT) pathways. Inhibition of the STAT3 pathway using AZD9150 weakened the accelerated effects of CXCL12/CXCR7 on the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our research revealed that CXCL12/CXCR7 regulates EMT and other malignant processes by activating the STAT3 pathway to accelerate the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Chang-Yong Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jian-Guang Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xin-Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
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256
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Alvarado CE, Kapcio KC, Lada MJ, Linden PA, Towe CW, Worrell SG. The effect of diabetes on pathologic complete response among patients with esophageal cancer. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 35:429-436. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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257
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Wang S, Pan D, Chen Z, Song G, Han R, Sun G, Su M. Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Esophageal Cancer in Huai'an District, a High-Risk Area in Northern Jiangsu Province, China. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221076824. [PMID: 35196897 PMCID: PMC8891911 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221076824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to provide a clear comparable figure of the trends in incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer (EC) in Huai’an District, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province, China, a high-risk area for EC. Methods The data for age- and sex-specific incidence rates between 1998 and 2016, the mortality rates in 1990-2016 and the number of EC patients were obtained from Huai’an District Cancer Registry. Crude rates, Age-standardized rates (ASRs) by world standard population and truncated age-standardized rates of EC incidence and mortality were calculated. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the annual percent changes (APC), average annual percent changes (AAPC), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 20,892 new EC cases and 20,806 EC deaths were registered in Huai’an District. ASR of EC incidence from 1998 to 2016 and mortality from 1990 to 2016 were 73.32/100,000 and 60.03/100,000, respectively. The ASR illustrated that the incidence of EC had significant downward trends in total, male and female (AAPC = −4.65, −4.90, and −5.51, respectively, p <.01). The age-specific incidence and mortality rates of EC increased dramatically in people over the age of 40, and peaked in people between the ages 70-74. In the subdivisions of Huai’an District, geographical diversities in the crude incidence and mortality rates of EC were found. Conclusion In summary, the incidence and mortality rates of EC showed downward trends in Huai’an District. However, the burden of EC still remained serious in this high-risk area. Cost-effective methods of intervention and health education should be enhanced for improving EC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zitong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Song
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Renqiang Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, 12579Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Su
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
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258
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Ratcliffe E, Britton J, Hamdy S, McLaughlin J, Ang Y. Developing patient-orientated Barrett's oesophagus services: the role of dedicated services. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:bmjgast-2021-000829. [PMID: 35193888 PMCID: PMC8867250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is common and is a precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma with a 0.33% per annum risk of progression. Surveillance and follow-up services for BO have been shown to be lacking, with studies showing inadequate adherence to guidelines and patients reporting a need for greater disease-specific knowledge. This review explores the emerging role of dedicated services for patients with BO. Methods A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, HMIC, BNI, CiNAHL, AMED and PsycINFO in regard to dedicated BO care pathways was undertaken. Results Prospective multicentre and randomised trials were lacking. Published cohort data are encouraging with improvements in guideline adherence with dedicated services, with one published study showing significant improvements in dysplasia detection rates. Accuracy of allocation to surveillance endoscopy has been shown to hold cost savings, and a study of a dedicated clinic showed increased discharges from unnecessary surveillance. Training modalities for BO surveillance and dysplasia detection exist, which could be used to educate a BO workforce. Qualitative and quantitative studies have shown patients report high levels of cancer worry and poor disease-specific knowledge, but few studies have explored follow-up care models despite being a patient and clinician priority for research. Conclusions Cost–benefit analysis for dedicated services, considering both financial and environmental impacts, and more robust clinical data must be obtained to support this model of care in the wider health service. Greater understanding is needed of the root causes for poor guideline adherence, and disease-specific models of care should be designed around clinical and patient-reported outcomes to address the unmet needs of patients with BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ratcliffe
- Gastroenterology, Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Leigh, UK .,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - James Britton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Shaheen Hamdy
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - John McLaughlin
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Yeng Ang
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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259
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Xu R, Fang X, Wu S, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Hou R, Zhang L, Shao L, Pang Q, Zhang J, Cui X, Zuo R, Yao L, Zhu Y. Development and Prospect of Esophageal Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853193. [PMID: 35252159 PMCID: PMC8892191 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, patients with esophageal cancer, especially advanced patients, usually use autologous tissue for esophageal alternative therapy. However, an alternative therapy is often accompanied by serious complications such as ischemia and leakage, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Tissue engineering has been widely studied as one of the ideal methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer. In view of the complex multi-layer structure of the natural esophagus, how to use the tissue engineering method to design the scaffold with structure and function matching with the natural tissue is the principle that the tissue engineering method must follow. This article will analyze and summarize the construction methods, with or without cells, and repair effects of single-layer scaffold and multi-layer scaffold. Especially in the repair of full-thickness and circumferential esophageal defects, the flexible design method and the binding force between the layers of the scaffold are very important. In short, esophageal tissue engineering technology has broad prospects and plays a more and more important role in the treatment of esophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinnan Fang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengqian Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiyin Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixia Hou,
| | - Libing Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Shao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qian Pang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongyue Zuo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liwei Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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260
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Ferguson R, Popoff AM. Improving Esophagectomy Outcomes in France: Petit a Petit. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:2741-2742. [PMID: 35171403 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Popoff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
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261
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Yıldırım ÖA, Erdur E. Medical Oncology or Surgical Oncology: Which Branch Should Be Started in Esophageal Cancer Diagnostic Evaluation? Cureus 2022; 14:e22286. [PMID: 35350502 PMCID: PMC8932595 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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262
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Tao K, Wei Z, Xia Y, Zhao R, Xu H. High SIRPA Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:3565676. [PMID: 35222883 PMCID: PMC8865998 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3565676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA) is an inhibitory receptor expressed in macrophages and a potential therapeutic target in cancers. This study aims to investigate the functional role of SIRPA in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). METHODS Based on the Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, SIRPA expression and clinical value were determined. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to predict the mechanism underlying the oncogene role of SIRPA. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the effects of SIRPA on the molecular relationship and immune landscape. RESULTS SIRPA was highly expressed across Oncomine and TCGA databases and correlated with poor overall survival and disease-specific survival. There was an expression difference among clinical characteristics. Functional annotation showed that cancer-related biological function and pathways were enriched in the high SIRPA expression group. Besides, SIRPA strongly and extensively affected the immune infiltrates. CONCLUSION SIRPA might be an oncogene and a target of immunotherapy in ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tao
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhouxia Wei
- Department of General Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of General Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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263
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Lidoriki I, Mylonas KS, Syllaios A, Vergadis C, Stratigopoulou P, Marinos G, Mastoraki A, Karavokyros I, Schizas D. The Impact of Nutritional and Functional Status on Postoperative Outcomes following Esophageal Cancer Surgery. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2846-2858. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2036769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lidoriki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S. Mylonas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Georgios Marinos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Mastoraki
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavokyros
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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264
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Wang M, Yu F, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chang W, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of Circular RNAs in the Chemoresistance of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821609. [PMID: 35127685 PMCID: PMC8814461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer represents a major global health problem due to its aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis. Despite the progress achieved in the development of treatment regimens, the clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses of patients with GI cancer remain unsatisfactory. Chemoresistance arising throughout the clinical intervention is undoubtedly a critical barrier for the successful treatment of GI cancer. However, the precise mechanisms associated with chemoresistance in GI cancer remain unclear. In the past decade, accumulating evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a key role in regulating cancer progression and chemoresistance. Notably, circRNAs function as molecular sponges that sequester microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or proteins, and thus indirectly control the expression of specific genes, which eventually promote or suppress drug resistance in GI cancer. Therefore, circRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance in patients with GI cancer. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory roles of circRNAs in the development of chemoresistance in different GI cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, as well as deciphers the underlying mechanisms and key molecules involved. Increasing knowledge of the important functions of circRNAs underlying drug resistance will provide new opportunities for developing efficacious therapeutic strategies against GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Kun Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Kun Wang
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Kun Wang,
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265
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Kuo YC, Yu LY, Wang HY, Chen MJ, Wu MS, Liu CJ, Lin YC, Shih SC, Hu KC. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal tract malignant diseases: From the oral cavity to rectum. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:55-74. [PMID: 35116103 PMCID: PMC8790410 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected approximately fifty percent of humans for a long period of time. However, improvements in the public health environment have led to a decreased chance of H. pylori infection. However, a high infection rate is noted in populations with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer (GC). The worldwide fraction of GC attributable to H. pylori is greater than 85%, and a high H. pylori prevalence is noted in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients. These results indicate that the majority of GC cases can be prevented if H. pylori infection is eliminated. Because H. pylori exhibits oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission, the relationship between this microorganism and other digestive tract malignant diseases has also attracted attention. This review article provides an overview of H. pylori and the condition of the whole gastrointestinal tract environment to further understand the correlation between the pathogen and the host, thus allowing improved realization of disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Che Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yip Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Evaluate Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10038, Taiwan
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266
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Yu Y, Wang W, Qin Z, Li H, Liu Q, Ma H, Sun H, Bauer TL, Pimiento JM, Gabriel E, Birdas T, Li Y, Xing W. A clinical nomogram for predicting tumor regression grade in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma treated with immune neoadjuvant immunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:102. [PMID: 35282099 PMCID: PMC8848421 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background There are various treatment options for esophageal squamous cell cancer. including surgery, peri-operative chemotherapy, and radiation. More recently, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has also been shown improve outcomes. In this study, we addressed the question, "Can we predict which patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer will benefit from neoadjuvant immunotherapy?". Methods All patients with thoracic esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (T2N+M0-T3-4N0/+M0) (according to the eighth edition of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines) who underwent immune neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) combined with paclitaxel plus cisplatin or nedaplatin in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China, between November 2019 and August 2021 were included in this study. All patients underwent surgical resection. We developed a response [tumor regression grade (TRG)] prediction model using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression incorporating factors associated with response. The accuracy of the prediction model was then validated. Results We included 79 patients who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, aged 48-78 years (62.05±6.67), including 21 males and 58 females. There were five cases of immune-related pneumonia, of which three cases were diagnosed as immune-related pneumonia during the perioperative period, and one case of immune-related thyroid dysfunction changes. After LASSO regression, the factors that were independently associated with TRG were clinical T stage before neoadjuvant therapy, clinical N stage before neoadjuvant therapy, albumin level difference from before to after neoadjuvant therapy, white blood cell (WBC) count before neoadjuvant therapy, and T stage before surgery. We constructed a prediction model, plotted the nomogram, and verified its accuracy. Its Brier score was 0.13, its calibration slope was 0.98, and its C-index was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.97). Conclusions Our prediction model can predict the likelihood of TRG in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer after immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Using this prediction model, we plan to conduct a subsequent neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with of TRG 2-3 patients with neoadjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zimin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haomiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Thomas L Bauer
- Department of Surgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Jose M Pimiento
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Thomas Birdas
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Division, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqun Xing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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267
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Yerukala Sathipati S, Tsai MJ, Carter T, Allaire P, Shukla SK, Beheshti A, Ho SY. Survival estimation in patients with stomach and esophageal carcinoma using miRNA expression profiles. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4490-4500. [PMID: 36051876 PMCID: PMC9421182 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a miRNA signature associated with survival will open a new window for developing miRNA-targeted treatment strategies in stomach and esophageal cancers (STEC). Here, using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas on 516 patients with STEC, we developed a Genetic Algorithm-based Survival Estimation method, GASE, to identify a miRNA signature that could estimate survival in patients with STEC. GASE identified 27 miRNAs as a survival miRNA signature and estimated the survival time with a mean squared correlation coefficient of 0.80 ± 0.01 and a mean absolute error of 0.44 ± 0.25 years between actual and estimated survival times, and showed a good estimation capability on an independent test cohort. The miRNAs of the signature were prioritized and analyzed to explore their roles in STEC. The diagnostic ability of the identified miRNA signature was analyzed, and identified some critical miRNAs in STEC. Further, miRNA-gene target enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of these miRNAs in various pathways, including the somatotrophic axis in mammals that involves the growth hormone and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways, and gene ontology annotations. The identified miRNA signature provides evidence for survival-related miRNAs and their involvement in STEC, which would aid in developing miRNA-target based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Yerukala Sathipati
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tonia Carter
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Patrick Allaire
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Shukla
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shinn-Ying Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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268
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Jung JR, Kim JH. Changes in Psychological Distress and Quality of Life After Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Study. ASIAN ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2022.22.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ri Jung
- Department of Nursing, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hye Kim
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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269
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The development and progress of nanomedicine for esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:873-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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270
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of esophageal cancer in the Asian region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Esophagus 2022; 19:27-38. [PMID: 34561813 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of fruit and vegetables was reported to be associated with a reduced risk of esophageal cancer (EC) in many studies of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from different regions worldwide. Therefore, to provide precise information to reduce the risk of EC in Asia, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in the Asian region about fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of EC. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) and ICHUSHI (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) databases from January 2010 to December 2020. The summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effects model. In addition, I2 statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. Twenty-two studies were eligible for meta-analysis (16 case-control studies and 6 cohort studies). The SRR for the lowest versus highest fruit consumption was 0.64 (95% CI 0.53-0.77, I2 = 82%). That for the lowest versus highest vegetable consumption was 0.61 (95% CI 0.50-0.74, I2 = 81%). Based on subgroup analysis, a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was significantly associated (SRR for fruit: 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.74, SRR for vegetable: 0.60; 95% CI 0.48-0.76) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 48% for fruit, I2 = 0% for vegetables). Egger's funnel plot asymmetry test demonstrated publication bias (P < 0.001 for fruit, P = 0.009 for vegetables). Fruit and vegetable consumption might be associated with a lower risk of EC in the Asian region. However, further substantial prospective studies with a validated FFQ and well-controlled important confounding factors are required to confirm the association.
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271
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Hassan MS, Cwidak N, Awasthi N, von Holzen U. Cytokine Interaction With Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221078470. [PMID: 35442094 PMCID: PMC9024076 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221078470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor outcomes under current treatment regimens. More recent findings suggest stroma elements, specifically cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a role in disease occurrence and progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are largely the product of converted fibroblasts, but a variety of other local cell types including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells have also been shown to transform to CAFs under the correct conditions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts primarily function in the communication between the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells via cytokine and chemokine secretions that accentuate immunosuppression and cancer growth. Cancer-associated fibroblasts also pose issues for EC treatment by contributing to resistance of current chemotherapeutics like cisplatin. Targeting this cell type directly proves difficult given the heterogeneity between CAFs subpopulations, but emerging research provides hope that treatment is on the horizon. This review aims to unravel some of the complexities surrounding CAFs’ impact on EC growth and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, 158720Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Nicholas Cwidak
- Department of Surgery, 158720Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, 158720Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, 158720Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.,Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, Goshen, IN 46526, USA.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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272
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Ahmad I, Efferth T, Alam W. Nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals targeting CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153830. [PMID: 34775359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With growing global prevalence, cancer is a major cause of disease-related deaths. The understanding of the fundamental tumor pathology has contributed to the development of agents targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. Although these agents have increased survival for defined cancers, the therapeutic choices are still limited due to the development of drug resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful new technology in cancer therapy by facilitating the identification of novel treatment targets and development of cell-based treatment strategies. PURPOSE We focused on applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy and discuss nanoscale delivery of cytotoxic phytochemical targeting the CRISPR/Cas9 system. RESULTS Genome engineering has been significantly accelerated by the advancement of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Phytochemicals play a key role in treating cancer by targeting various mechanisms and pathways. CONCLUSIONS The use of CRISPR/Cas9 for nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals opens new avenues in cancer therapy. One of the main obstacles in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 is safe and efficient delivery. As viral delivery methods have certain drawbacks, there is an urgent need to develop non-viral delivery systems for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Imad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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273
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Cai Y, Lin J, Wei W, Chen P, Yao K. Burden of esophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952087. [PMID: 36148334 PMCID: PMC9485842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a global health concern. Regularly updated data about the burden of esophageal cancer are essential for formulating specific public policies. We aimed to estimate the global, regional, and national burden and trends of esophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Data about the incidence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates were collected from Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes were used to quantify the temporal trends of age-standardized rates. Moreover, the risk factors attributable to esophageal cancer deaths were also presented. RESULTS There were 534,563 incident cases and 498,067 deaths in 2019, contributing to 11,666,017 DALYs. The absolute numbers of incidence, death, and DALYs had increased from 1990 to 2019, contrasting with declined changes in their corresponding age-standardized rates. The burden of esophageal cancer varied across different regions and countries, and the age-standardized rates were negative with SDI. Almost half of the esophageal cancer was concentrated in China. Males accounted for most of the burden of esophageal cancer, and the onset age tended to be older. The death of esophageal cancer was primarily attributable to smoking, followed by alcohol use, high body mass index, diet low in fruits and diet low in vegetables. CONCLUSION The burden of esophageal cancer was heterogeneous across regions and countries by sex, age, and SDI, providing information for governments that may help to formulate more targeted policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Jianxiong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Peixing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaitao Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaitao Yao
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274
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Li Y, Xu J, Gu Y, Sun X, Dong H, Chen C. The Disease and Economic Burdens of Oesophageal Cancer in China from 2013 to 2030: A Dynamic Cohort Modelling Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 8:e33191. [PMID: 34963658 PMCID: PMC8928052 DOI: 10.2196/33191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Estimates of the EC burden are necessary and could offer evidence-based suggestions for local cancer control. Objective The aim of this study was to predict the disease burden of EC in China through the estimation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct medical expenditure by sex from 2013 to 2030. Methods A dynamic cohort Markov model was developed to simulate EC prevalence, DALYs, and direct medical expenditure by sex. Input data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks, Statistical Report of China Children’s Development, World Population Prospects 2019, and published papers. The JoinPoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALY rates, whereas the average annual growth rate (AAGR) was applied to analyze the changing direct medical expenditure trend over time. Results From 2013 to 2030, the predicted EC prevalence is projected to increase from 61.0 to 64.5 per 100,000 people, with annual EC cases increasing by 11.5% (from 835,600 to 931,800). The DALYs will increase by 21.3% (from 30,034,000 to 36,444,000), and the years of life lost (YLL) will account for over 90% of the DALYs. The DALY rates per 100,000 people will increase from 219.2 to 252.3; however, there was a difference between sexes, with an increase from 302.9 to 384.3 in males and a decline from 131.2 to 115.9 in females. The AAPC was 0.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 0.9%), 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%), and –0.7% (95% CI –0.8% to –0.7%) for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The direct medical expenditure will increase by 128.7% (from US $33.4 to US $76.4 billion), with an AAGR of 5.0%. The direct medical expenditure is 2-3 times higher in males than in females. Conclusions EC still causes severe disease and economic burdens. YLL are responsible for the majority of DALYs, which highlights an urgent need to establish a beneficial policy to reduce the EC burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Science and Education Department, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Qiantang district, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Junfang Xu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Yuxuan Gu
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Xueshan Sun
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Center for Health Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CN
| | - Changgui Chen
- Science and Education Department, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Qiantang district, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qiantang district, Yipeng Rd 98, Hangzhou, CN
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275
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Gong SC, Ryu H, Jang JY. Usefulness of delta neutrophil index as a biomarker to predict postoperative complication in patients who underwent esophagectomy: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28311. [PMID: 34941124 PMCID: PMC8702068 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophagectomy demonstrates a high incidence of complications owing to its complexity and invasiveness; hence, early detection of complications is important. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the delta neutrophil index (DNI) for complications after esophagectomy.We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent esophagectomy in the department of general surgery at a single institution between January 2011 and October 2020. Patient characteristics, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes were assessed.Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 31 (54.4%) had complications. The complication group had significantly longer mean mechanical ventilation, hospital stay and intensive care unit stay periods, and higher acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation score and mortality rate than the noncomplication group. DNI on postoperative day (POD) 2 was also significantly higher in the complication group. Logistic regression analysis showed that DNI on POD 2 was an independent risk factor associated with the complications. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under curve of DNI on POD 2 was 0.712 (cutoff value: 2.15%, sensitivity 61.5%, and specificity 70.8%).Our study indicated that postoperative DNI can be useful as an early predictive biomarker of the complications after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Chan Gong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service, Goyang, Korea
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276
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Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT Volume-Based Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Node-Negative Stage II Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010007. [PMID: 35050129 PMCID: PMC8781087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major cancer prevalent in Asian males. Pretreatment tumor burden can be prognostic for ESCC. We studied the prognostic value of metabolic parameters of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) level in node-negative stage II ESCC patients. Eighteen males underwent staging evaluation were included. The volume-based metabolic parameters derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT, including metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), were obtained using the PET Volume Computer Assisted Reading application. The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between metabolic parameters and pretreatment serum SCC-Ag levels. Based on the 5-year follow-up, patients were sub-divided into the demised and the stable groups. Potential prognostic value was assessed by independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. The association of overall survival was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The demised group showed significant higher values in serum SCC-Ag, as well as in MTV and TLG, but not SUVmax and SUVmean. The SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and serum SCC-Ag showed significant association with overall survival. Our findings suggest potential usage of pretreatment volume-based metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and serum SCC-Ag as prognostic factors for node-negative stage II ESCC patients.
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277
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Cutliffe AL, McKenna SL, Chandrashekar DS, Ng A, Devonshire G, Fitzgerald RC, O’Donovan TR, Mackrill JJ. Alterations in the Ca2+ toolkit in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:543-575. [PMID: 36046118 PMCID: PMC9400700 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate alterations in transcription of genes, encoding Ca2+ toolkit proteins, in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and to assess associations between gene expression, tumor grade, nodal-metastatic stage, and patient survival. Methods: The expression of 275 transcripts, encoding components of the Ca2+ toolkit, was analyzed in two OAC datasets: the Cancer Genome Atlas [via the University of Alabama Cancer (UALCAN) portal] and the oesophageal-cancer, clinical, and molecular stratification [Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification (OCCAMS)] dataset. Effects of differential expression of these genes on patient survival were determined using Kaplan-Meier log-rank tests. OAC grade- and metastatic-stage status was investigated for a subset of genes. Adjustment for the multiplicity of testing was made throughout. Results: Of the 275 Ca2+-toolkit genes analyzed, 75 displayed consistent changes in expression between OAC and normal tissue in both datasets. The channel-encoding genes, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2D (GRIN2D), transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4), and TRP ion channel melastatin 2 (TRPM2) demonstrated the greatest increase in expression in OAC in both datasets. Nine genes were consistently upregulated in both datasets and were also associated with improved survival outcomes. The 6 top-ranking genes for the weighted significance of altered expression and survival outcomes were selected for further analysis: voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunit α 1D (CACNA1D), voltage-gated Ca2+ channel auxiliary subunit α2 δ4 (CACNA2D4), junctophilin 1 (JPH1), acid-sensing ion channel 4 (ACCN4), TRPM5, and secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPase 2 (ATP2C2). CACNA1D, JPH1, and ATP2C2 were also upregulated in advanced OAC tumor grades and nodal-metastatic stages in both datasets. Conclusions: This study has unveiled alterations of the Ca2+ toolkit in OAC, compared to normal tissue. Such Ca2+ signalling findings are consistent with those from studies on other cancers. Genes that were consistently upregulated in both datasets might represent useful markers for patient diagnosis. Genes that were consistently upregulated, and which were associated with improved survival, might be useful markers for patient outcome. These survival-associated genes may also represent targets for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana L. Cutliffe
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioSciences Institute, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Darshan S. Chandrashekar
- Department of Pathology, Molecular & Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Alvin Ng
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Ginny Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracey R. O’Donovan
- Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - John J. Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, BioSciences Institute, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
Endoscopic findings in early esophageal cancer are often subtle and require careful inspection and meticulous endoscopic examination. When dysplasia is suspected, we recommend performing 1 or 2 targeted biopsies of the abnormal area and review with a pathologist specialized in evaluating gastrointestinal diseases. In the case of adenocarcinoma, after resection of any visible cancer, residual Barrett's can be treated by ablation. Endoscopic resection can offer the opportunity for patients to avoid surgery. Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal management of circumferential and near-circumferential lesions as well as tools and techniques to facilitate the performance of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection.
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279
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Ghosh NR, Jones LA. Dietary risk factors for esophageal cancer based on World Health Organization regions. Nutrition 2021; 95:111552. [PMID: 34999383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal cancer (EC) has become one of the most alarming cancers in the world. There are significant differences in incidence and risk factors associated with the two most common histological subtypes of EC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, between regions. This systematic review was undertaken to analyze dietary risk factors specific to EC and its two subtypes based on World Health Organization regions. METHODS A systematic search of five databases (Global Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the past 5 y (2015-2020) was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened to determine the primary inclusion eligibility, followed by an examination of the full-text articles. Finally, 59 articles were reviewed to identify EC risk factors and compare these by region. Data were extracted using a table developed by the research team. Risk factors found in >50% of regions were highlighted. RESULTS The study identified some major dietary risk factors for EC that were previously reported, as well as some uncommon dietary risk factors, such as salty foods and beverages, unpiped drinking water, sugar-related factors (e.g., sweet intake), and foods with high glycemic index. CONCLUSIONS EC risk factors extend beyond those previously identified. Targeting all EC risk factors by region will assist the World Health Organization and other health agencies in providing a tailored, culturally appropriate response to effectively reduce the incidence and prevalence of EC within a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjhar R Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Lori A Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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280
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Yang B, Ma H, Bian Y. LINC00261 Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Radioresistance by Down-Regulating microRNA-552-3p and Promoting DIRAS1. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8559-8573. [PMID: 34803403 PMCID: PMC8597985 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s332640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal cancer (EC) represents a life-threatening tumor with an ever-increasing incidence rate. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (LINCs) have also become a topic of interest in EC. In a similar light, the current study aimed to investigate the role of LINC00261 in EC radioresistance. METHODS Firstly, radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1-R and TE-5-R were established using TE-1 and TE-5 cells. Subsequently, LINC00261, microRNA (miR)-552-3p, and DIRAS1 expression patterns in EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues and EC cells were evaluated. In addition, survival fraction (SF), colony formation, apoptosis, and γ-H2AX levels were analyzed, followed by the detection of the binding relation between LINC00261 and miR-552-3p and between miR-552-3p and DIRAS1. Lastly, xenograft transplantation was carried out to confirm the effects of LINC00261 on EC radioresistance in vivo. RESULTS LINC00261 and DIRAS1 were poorly-expressed in EC tissues and cells, but miR-552-3p was over-expressed. In EC cells with X-ray radiation, over-expression of LINC00261 reduced SF and cell viability, strengthened γ-H2AX levels, and promoted apoptosis, while all these trends were counteracted by miR-522-3p over-expression or DIRAS1 silencing. Mechanistic investigation further validated the binding relation between LINC00261 and miR-552-3p, and between miR-552-3p and DIRAS1. Moreover, LINC00261 over-expression suppressed tumor growth and reduced EC radioresistance in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings indicated that LINC00261 exerts a suppressive effect on EC radioresistance via the competing endogenous RNA network to sponge miR-552-3p and up-regulate DIRAS1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Bian
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi ‘an, Shanxi Province, 710004, People’s Republic of China
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281
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Raei N, Safaralizadeh R, Hesseinpourfeizi M, Yazdanbod A, Pourfarzi F, Latifi-Navid S. Crosstalk between lncRNAs and miRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer drug resistance. Life Sci 2021; 284:119933. [PMID: 34508759 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Dysregulation of lncRNAs by epigenetic alteration is crucial in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Epigenetic alteration includes DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and deregulated-gene expression by miRNAs. LncRNAs are involved in biological processes, including, uncontrolled cell division, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis and drugs. Multiple-drug resistance (MDR) is a crucial obstacle in effective chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MDR can be associated with the prognosis and diagnosis of patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, platinum, 5-fluorouracil, gefitinib, methotrexate, taxol, cetuximab, docetaxel, and gemcitabine). In this review, we focused on recently known lncRNAs and their relation with miRNAs and chemotherapeutic drugs, and their modulation in gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, we mentioned the future prospective and clinical application of lncRNAs as a critical indicator and biomarker in diagnosis, prognosis, staging, grading, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Raei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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282
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Meng RY, Jin H, Nguyen TV, Chai OH, Park BH, Kim SM. Ursolic Acid Accelerates Paclitaxel-Induced Cell Death in Esophageal Cancer Cells by Suppressing Akt/FOXM1 Signaling Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11486. [PMID: 34768915 PMCID: PMC8584129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from various plants, inhibits cell growth, metastasis, and tumorigenesis in various cancers. Chemotherapy resistance and the side effects of paclitaxel (PTX), a traditional chemotherapy reagent, have limited the curative effect of PTX in esophageal cancer. In this study, we investigate whether UA promotes the anti-tumor effect of PTX and explore the underlying mechanism of their combined effect in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Combination treatment with UA and PTX inhibited cell proliferation and cell growth more effectively than either treatment alone by inducing more significant apoptosis, as indicated by increased sub-G1 phase distribution and protein levels of cleaved-PARP and cleaved caspase-9. Similar to the cell growth suppressive effect, the combination of UA and PTX significantly inhibited cell migration by targeting uPA, MMP-9, and E-cadherin in ESCC cells. In addition, combination treatment with UA and PTX significantly activated p-GSK-3β and suppressed the activation of Akt and FOXM1 in ESCC cells. Those effects were enhanced by the Akt inhibitor LY2940002 and inverted by the Akt agonist SC79. In an in vivo evaluation of a murine xenograft model of esophageal cancer, combination treatment with UA and PTX suppressed tumor growth significantly better than UA or PTX treatment alone. Thus, UA effectively potentiates the anti-tumor efficacy of PTX by targeting the Akt/FOXM1 cascade since combination treatment shows significantly more anti-tumor potential than PTX alone both in vitro and in vivo. Combination treatment with UA and PTX could be a new strategy for curing esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Yu Meng
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (T.V.N.); (O.-H.C.)
| | - Ok-Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (T.V.N.); (O.-H.C.)
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
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283
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Chow R, Murdy K, Vaska M, Lee SL. Definitive chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy for the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal carcinoma - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2021; 165:37-43. [PMID: 34695519 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There currently exists limited data comparing definitive chemoradiotherapy to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with esophagectomy for patients with esophageal carcinoma. While we await more trials, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies with either propensity score matched or multivariable analyses, to provide a better understanding of the relative efficacy and effectiveness. METHODS MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database initiation (1946 for MEDLINE, 1974 for EMBASE, and 1995 for Cochrane) up until May 2021. Articles were included if they reported on overall survival or toxicity data. Summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects DerSimonian-Laird model. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 16,647 patients were included in this review. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with esophagectomy had better overall survival - HR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.49-0.62. Toxicity was similar, between the two treatments. CONCLUSION Patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy have better survival than patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy. Given the paucity of data and lack of uniform reporting of endpoints, further studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Chow
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Kyle Murdy
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Marcus Vaska
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Canada
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284
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Wu CW, Chuang HY, Tsai DL, Kuo TY, Yang CC, Chen HC, Kuo CH. Meta-Analysis of the Association between Asbestos Exposure and Esophageal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11088. [PMID: 34769609 PMCID: PMC8582795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between asbestos exposure and esophageal cancer. METHODS We systematically collected articles from three electronic databases and calculated the pooled standardized mortality rate (SMR) from the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis according to the type of asbestos exposure, follow-up years, sample size, industry classification, sex, and high-dose exposure was conducted. RESULTS From 242 studies, 34 cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled SMR was positively associated with asbestos exposure and esophageal cancer (pooled SMR = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.38, p < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, (1) chrysolite, (2) four groups with follow-up over ten years, (3) the textile industry and shipyard, (4) both male and female, and (5) eight studies on highest asbestos exposure, all the subgroups showed significantly increased pooled SMRs. CONCLUSION Asbestos exposure was significantly and positively associated with esophageal cancer, especially chrysolite. Considering the long latency period, we suggest that patients should be followed up for cancer, including esophageal cancer, for over ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan; or
- Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Yu Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan; or
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
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285
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Flashner S, Yan KS, Nakagawa H. 3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host-Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2182. [PMID: 34835308 PMCID: PMC8622040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host-microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host-microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kelley S. Yan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.F.); (K.S.Y.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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286
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Su C, Liu W, Jiang T, Liu J. miR-488-5p promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by suppressing the P53 pathway. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:5534-5545. [PMID: 34659819 PMCID: PMC8482336 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background miR-488-3p has been reported to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. The protein 53 (P53) gene serves as a mediator and biomarker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying miR-488-5p in the pathology of ESCC through the P53 pathway has not been examined. Methods The expression levels of miR-488-5p were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cytological experiments were performed to evaluate the biological functions of miR-488-5p. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the pathways and key miR-488-5p targets associated with ESCC. Correlations between miR-488-5p and P53 signaling pathways were validated by western blotting and the dual luciferase reporter gene system. Finally, the expression level of miR-488-5p was regulated and tumor formation experiments were performed in nude mice. Results The qRT-PCR analysis showed that MiR-488-5p expression was more upregulated in the KYSE-150 group than the HEEC group. In the KYSE-150 cells, the colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis indicated that the miR-488-5p inhibitor inhibited cell viability and increased cell apoptosis; however, these effects were recovered by P53 knockdown (KD). In addition, cell invasion and cell migration were inhibited by the miR-488-5p inhibitor, but were also improved by P53 KD. Similarly, the miR-488-5p inhibitor induced the expression of P53 and P21 than normal control (NC) group in which miR-488-5p expression was normal, while P53 KD prevented the effects of the miR-488-5p inhibitor in KYSE-150 cells. Additionally, we found that tumor size was obviously smaller in miR-488-5p overexpression (OE)+ P53 OE mice than miR-488-5p OE mice. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining also revealed similar results. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-488-5p promotes ESCC progression by suppressing the P53 pathway. These findings should provide novel ideas for ESCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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287
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BRCA1/Trp53 heterozygosity and replication stress drive esophageal cancer development in a mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108421118. [PMID: 34607954 PMCID: PMC8521688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108421118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 germline mutations are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Recent findings of others suggest that BRCA1 mutation carriers also bear an increased risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Here, we employ a Brca1/Trp53 mouse model to show that unresolved replication stress (RS) in BRCA1 heterozygous cells drives esophageal tumorigenesis in a model of the human equivalent. This model employs 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) as an RS-inducing agent. Upon drinking 4NQO-containing water, Brca1 heterozygous mice formed squamous cell carcinomas of the distal esophagus and forestomach at a much higher frequency and speed (∼90 to 120 d) than did wild-type (WT) mice, which remained largely tumor free. Their esophageal tissue, but not that of WT control mice, revealed evidence of overt RS as reflected by intracellular CHK1 phosphorylation and 53BP1 staining. These Brca1 mutant tumors also revealed higher genome mutation rates than those of control animals; the mutational signature SBS4, which is associated with tobacco-induced tumorigenesis; and a loss of Brca1 heterozygosity (LOH). This uniquely accelerated Brca1 tumor model is also relevant to human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, an often lethal tumor.
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288
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Sumiya T, Ishikawa H, Hiroshima Y, Nakamura M, Murakami M, Mizumoto M, Okumura T, Sakurai H. The impact of lymphopenia during chemoradiotherapy using photons or protons on the clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021:rrab094. [PMID: 34632514 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the development of lymphopenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using X-ray versus proton beams and the impact on survival in patients with esophageal cancer. Among patients with esophageal cancer who were administered concurrent CRT with a curative intent at our institute from 2014 to 2018, 69 (15 receiving X-ray radiotherapy (XRT) and 54 receiving proton beam therapy [PBT]) who underwent weekly blood testing during treatment were enrolled. The absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) at 1, 5 and 6 weeks were significantly higher in the patients who received PBT than in those who received XRT (p = 0.002, p = 0.006 and p = 0.009, respectively), and a similar trend in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was observed (p = 0.003 at 5 weeks). The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates tended to be higher in the patients who maintained an ALC ≥200 compared with those who did not (p = 0.083 and p = 0.053, respectively), and similar trends were observed in the NLR (p = 0.061 and p = 0.038, respectively). Dose-volume analysis revealed significant correlations between volumes of the thoracic bones irradiated by 5-50 Gy and minimum ALCs and maximum NLR. These findings suggested that PBT prevented the development of lymphopenia during CRT by reducing the irradiated volume of the thoracic bone, and the maintained lymphocyte count is possibly one of the early predictors for survival in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Sumiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, QST Hospital, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiroshima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Murakami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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289
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Atiba K, Ramdass M, Oladiran A, Rahman M. Extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: An unusual presentation of Courvoisier's law. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05022. [PMID: 34745625 PMCID: PMC8552081 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Courvoisier's law states, "In the presence of jaundice and a palpable bladder, the cause is unlikely to be due to stone". Although esophageal squamous carcinoma is known to spread to celiac nodes, there is no description in the literature with it presenting and mimicking the above findings in Courvoisier's Law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi Atiba
- Department of SurgeryPort‐of‐Spain General HospitalPort‐of‐SpainTrinidad
| | - Michael Ramdass
- Department of SurgeryPort‐of‐Spain General HospitalPort‐of‐SpainTrinidad
| | - Adedapo Oladiran
- Department of SurgeryPort‐of‐Spain General HospitalPort‐of‐SpainTrinidad
| | - Muhammad Rahman
- Department of MedicinePort‐of‐Spain General HospitalPort‐of‐SpainTrinidad
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290
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Vošmik M, Kopecký J, John S, Kubeček O, Lochman P, Banni AM, Hruška L, Sirák I. Combined Therapy of Locally Advanced Oesophageal and Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas: State of the Art and Aspects of Predictive Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4591. [PMID: 34572818 PMCID: PMC8469285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The following main treatment approaches are currently used in locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastrooesophageal junction (GOJ): preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery, and perioperative chemotherapy and surgery. While preoperative chemoradiotherapy is used primarily in oesophageal tumours, perioperative chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in Western countries for gastric cancer. The optimal treatment strategy for GOJ adenocarcinoma is still not clear. In comparison to other malignancies, biomarkers are used as predictive factors in distal oesophageal and GOJ adenocarcinomas in a very limited way, and moreover, only in metastatic stages (e.g., HER2 status, or microsatellite instability status). The aim of the article is to provide an overview of current treatment options in locally advanced adenocarcinomas of oesophagus and GOJ based on the latest evidence, including the possible potential of predictive biomarkers in optimizing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vošmik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Jindřich Kopecký
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Stanislav John
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Ondřej Kubeček
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Petr Lochman
- Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Aml Mustafa Banni
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Libor Hruška
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Igor Sirák
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (S.J.); (O.K.); (A.M.B.); (L.H.); (I.S.)
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291
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Zhang L, Shao J, Liu Z, Pan J, Li B, Yang Y, He Y, Han Y, Li Z. Occurrence and Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:586-597. [PMID: 34426885 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and prognostic value of perineural invasion (PNI) as a classic tumor pathological feature in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 794 ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2017 to 2018. The incidence, associated factors, and prognosis of PNI were analyzed. RESULTS PNI was identified in 15.7% (125/794) of patients. The presence of PNI was significantly associated with depth of invasion (p < 0.001), pN stage (p = 0.008), tumor stage (p < 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that advanced pT stage and LVI were independently associated with the presence of PNI, while multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that PNI was not an independent risk factor for poor overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS) in ESCC patients (OS hazard ratio [HR] 0.688, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.448-1.056, p = 0.087; RFS HR 0.837, 95% CI 0.551-1.273, p = 0.406). In the PNI-positive patient subgroup, adjuvant therapy was associated with better OS and RFS. CONCLUSION PNI correlates with, and may be a concomitant consequence of, LVI and advanced tumor invasion (T3-4) in ESCC patients. Although PNI was not identified as an independent prognostic indicator, our results suggest ESCC patients with PNI should be considered for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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292
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) often cannot be discovered in time because of its asymptomatic or symptom-atypical characteristics in early stage. The risk and probability of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis increase correspondingly as the cancer aggressively invades deeper layers. Treatment regimens may be shifted to surgery and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) with poor quality of life and prognosis. It is imperative to identify dysplasia and EC early and enable early curative endoscopic treatments. Newer methods have been attempted in the clinical setting to achieve early detection at a more microscopic and precise level. Newer imaging techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) technology have been involved in targeted biopsies and will gradually unveil the visualization of pathology in the future. Early detection and diagnosis are the prerequisite to choose personal and precise treatment regimens. EET has also been undergoing development and improvement to benefit more patients as the first option or the firstly chosen alternative therapy, when compared with esophagectomy. More clinical studies are needed to provide more possibilities for EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Wu Hou District, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Wu Hou District, China
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293
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Munekage E, Serada S, Tsujii S, Yokota K, Kiuchi K, Tominaga K, Fujimoto M, Kanda M, Uemura S, Namikawa T, Nomura T, Murakami I, Hanazaki K, Naka T. A glypican-1-targeted antibody-drug conjugate exhibits potent tumor growth inhibition in glypican-1-positive pancreatic cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2021; 23:939-950. [PMID: 34332450 PMCID: PMC8340053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a promising therapeutic modality because selective and effective delivery of an anti-cancer drug is achieved by drug-conjugated antibody-targeting cancer antigen. Glypican 1 (GPC1) is highly expressed in malignant tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Herein, we describe the usefulness of GPC1-targeting ADC. Humanized anti-GPC1 antibody (clone T2) was developed and conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (mc-vc-PABC) linkers (humanized GPC1-ADC[MMAE]). Humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) inhibited the growth of GPC1-positive PDAC and ESCC cell lines via inducing cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis in vitro. The binding activity of humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) with GPC1 was comparable with that of the unconjugated anti-GPC1 antibody. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) was effective in GPC1-positive BxPC-3 subcutaneously xenografted mice but not in GPC1-negative BxPC-3-GPC1-KO xenografted mice. To assess the bystander killing activity of the humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE), a mixture of GPC1-positive BxPC-3 and GPC1-negative BxPC-3-GPC1-KO-Luc cells were subcutaneously inoculated, and a heterogenous GPC1-expressing tumor model was developed. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) inhibited the tumor growth and decreased the luciferase signal, measured with an in vivo imaging system (IVIS), which suggests that the suppression of the BxPC-3-GPC1-KO-Luc population. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) also inhibited the established liver metastases of BxPC-3 cells and significantly improved the overall survival of the mice. It exhibited a potent antitumor effect on the GPC1-positive PDAC and ESCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Our preclinical data demonstrate that GPC1 is a promising therapeutic target for ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Munekage
- Department of Surgery, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Tsujii
- Department of Surgery, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yokota
- Department of Surgery, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keita Kiuchi
- Department of Medical course, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kenji Tominaga
- Department of Medical course, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kanda
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sunao Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Taisei Nomura
- Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Naka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan; Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan; Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan.
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294
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Kao YS, Hsu Y. A Meta-Analysis for Using Radiomics to Predict Complete Pathological Response in Esophageal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation. In Vivo 2021; 35:1857-1863. [PMID: 33910873 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of organ function is important in cancer treatment. The 'watch-and-wait' strategy is an important approach in management of esophageal cancer. However, clinical imaging cannot accurately evaluate the presence or absence of residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. As a result, using radiomics to predict complete pathological response in esophageal cancer has gained in popularity in recent years. Given that the characteristics of patients and sites vary considerably, a meta-analysis is needed to investigate the predictive power of radiomics in esophageal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct this study. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched for literature review. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated by the radiomics quality score. I2 score and Cochran's Q test were used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies. A funnel plot was used for evaluation of publication bias. RESULTS A total of seven articles were collected for this meta-analysis. The pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the seven selected articles for predicting pathological complete response in eosphageal cancer patient was quite high, achieving a pooled value of 0.813 (95% confidence intervaI=0.761-0.866). The radiomics quality score ranged from -2 to 16 (maximum score: 36 points). Three out of the seven studies used machine learning algorithms, while the others used traditional biostatistics methods. One of the seven studies used morphology class features, while four studies used first-order features, and five used second-order features. CONCLUSION Using radiomics to predict complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer is feasible. In the future, prospective, multicenter studies should be carried out for predicting pathological complete response in patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Shuo Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
| | - Yen Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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295
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New Trends in Esophageal Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123030. [PMID: 34204314 PMCID: PMC8235022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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296
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Jia R, Xiao W, Zhang H, Yu Z. Comparative study of treatment options and construction nomograms to predict survival for early-stage esophageal cancer: a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:635-646. [PMID: 33872097 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1910997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of several common treatment options on the long-term survival of patients with early-stage esophageal cancer and to construct nomograms for survival prediction. METHOD This study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2015) on patients with early-stage (pT1N0M0) esophageal cancer who underwent endoscopic local therapy (ET), radiotherapy (RT), esophagectomy (ES) or neoadjuvant therapy (NT). Multivariate Cox regression was used to explore which factors influenced patient survival, and these factors were then incorporated into propensity sore matching (PSM) and the construction of nomogram plots. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare whether there was a difference in long-term survival between the other three treatments and esophagectomy. RESULT Data from 4184 patients were included in this study. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, grade, marital status, and treatment method were independent factors affecting survival. After matching, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the ET group had better CSS than the ES group, but no difference in OS, while the NT and RT groups had worse OS and CSS than the ES group. In the nomogram prediction model, the c-indexes of the training and validation cohorts were 0.805 and 0.794, respectively. Additionally the ROC curve (5-year AUC = 0.877) and DCA curve showed that the model had a good predictive effect. CONCLUSION For early-stage esophageal cancer, the results of this study showed that ET is not inferior to ES. Based on the independent factors affecting prognosis identified in the study, we constructed and validated a predictive model for predicting long-term survival in patients with early-stage esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jia
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PeKing Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyi Xiao
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and PeKing Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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297
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Zhang X, He Y, Gu H, Liu Z, Li B, Yang Y, Hao J, Hua R. Construction of a Nine-MicroRNA-Based Signature to Predict the Overall Survival of Esophageal Cancer Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:670405. [PMID: 34093662 PMCID: PMC8170160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.670405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the occurrence and metastasis and are closely related to the prognosis of EC. Therefore, it will provide a powerful tool to predict the overall survival (OS) of EC patients based on miRNAs expression in EC tissues and blood samples. METHODS Five independent databases, TCGA, GSE106817, GSE113486, GSE122497, and GSE112264, were used to construct nine-miRna signature and nomograms for prognosis. The bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the enrichment pathways of targets. RESULTS A total of 132 overexpressed miRNAs and 23 suppressed miRNAs showed significant differential expression in both EC serum and tissue samples compared with normal samples. We also showed that nine miRNAs were related to the prognosis of EC. Higher levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-92a-1-5p, miR-590-5p, miR-324-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-421, and miR-93-5p were correlated to the shorter survival time in patients with EC. In addition, we constructed a risk prediction model based on the levels of nine differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and found that the OS time of EC patients with high-risk score was shorter than that of EC patients with low-risk score. Furthermore, our results showed that the risk prediction scores of EC samples were higher than those of normal samples. Finally, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to analyze the risk characteristics of EC and normal controls. By calculating the AUC and the calibration curve, the RNA signature showed a good performance. Bioinformatics analysis showed that nine DEMs were associated with several crucial signaling, including p53, FoxO, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and TORC1 signaling. Finally, 14 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified as hub targets of nine miRNAs, including BTRC, SIAH1, RNF138, CDC27, NEDD4L, MKRN1, RLIM, FBXO11, RNF34, MYLIP, FBXW7, RNF4, UBE3C, and RNF111. TCGA dataset validation showed that these hub targets were significantly differently expressed in EC tissues compared with normal samples. CONCLUSION We have constructed maps and nomograms of nine-miRna risk signals associated with EC prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that nine DEMs were associated with several crucial signaling, including p53, FoxO, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and TORC1 signaling, in EC. We think that this study will provide clinicians with an effective decision-making tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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298
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Ma F, Laster K, Nie W, Liu F, Kim DJ, Lee MH, Bai R, Yang R, Liu K, Dong Z. Heterogeneity Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cell Lines, Tumor Tissues and Patient-Derived Xenografts. J Cancer 2021; 12:3930-3944. [PMID: 34093800 PMCID: PMC8176252 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant type of Esophageal Cancer (EC), accounting for nearly 88% of EC incidents worldwide. Importantly, it is also a life-threatening cancer for patients diagnosed in advanced stages, with only a 20% 5-year survival rate due to a limited number of actionable targets and therapeutic options. Increasing evidence has shown that inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity are widely distributed across ESCC tumor tissues. In our work, multi-omics data from ESCC cell lines, tumor tissue, normal tissue and Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) tissues were analyzed to investigate the heterogeneity among ESCC samples at the DNA, RNA, and protein level. We identified enrichment of ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion pathways from the subset of protein-coding genes with non-silent mutations in ESCC patients. We also found that TP53, TTN, KMT2D, CSMD3, DNAH5, MUC16 and DST are the most frequently mutated genes in ESCC patient samples. Out of the identified genes, TP53 is the most frequently mutated, with 84 distinct non-silent mutation variants. We observed that p.R248Q, p.R175G/H, and p.R273C/H are the most common TP53 mutation variants. The diversity of TP53 mutations reveal its importance in ESCC progression and may also provide promising targets for precision therapeutics. Additionally, we identified the Olfactory transduction as the top signaling pathway, enriched from genes uniquely expressed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-ESCC patient tumor tissues, which may provide implications for the exact roles of the corresponding genes in ESCC. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit beta 1(CNGB1), a gene belonging to the Olfactory transduction pathway, was found exclusively overexpressed in ESCC. Expression of CNGB1 could serve as a marker, indicating potential diagnostic or therapeutic value. Finally, we investigated heterogeneity in the context of the ESCC PDX model, which is an emerging tool used to predict drug response and recapitulate tumor behavior in vivo. We observed trans-species heterogeneity in as high as 75% of the identified proteins, indicating that the ambiguity of proteins should be addressed by specific strategies to avoid drawing false conclusions. The identification and characterization of gene mutation and expression heterogeneity across different ESCC datasets, including various novel TP53 mutations, ECM-receptor interaction, Focal adhesion, and Olfactory transduction pathways (CNGB1), provide researchers with evidence and implications for accurate research and precision therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayang Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Wenna Nie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruihua Bai
- Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Rendong Yang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China.,Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
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299
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Lonie JM, Barbour AP, Dolcetti R. Understanding the immuno-biology of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: Towards improved therapeutic approaches. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 98:102219. [PMID: 33993033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With an incidence that is constantly rising, oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is becoming an increasing health burden worldwide. Although significant advances in treatment regimens have improved patient outcomes, survival rates for this deadly cancer remain unsatisfactory. This highlights the need to improve current therapeutic approaches and develop novel therapeutic strategies for treating OAC patients. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionised treatment across a range of malignancies, however outcomes in OAC show modest results. The inherent resistance of OAC to treatment reflects the complex genomic landscape of this cancer, which displays a lack of ubiquitous driver mutations and large-scale genomic alterations along with high tumour and immune heterogeneity. Research into the immune landscape of OAC is limited, and elucidation of the mechanisms surrounding the immune responses to this complex cancer will result in improved therapeutic approaches. This review explores what is known about the immuno-biology of OAC and explores promising therapeutic avenues that may improve responses to immunotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Lonie
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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300
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Characteristics of P-Type and N-Type Photoelectrochemical Biosensors: A Case Study for Esophageal Cancer Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051065. [PMID: 33919216 PMCID: PMC8143162 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism. Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses. Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.
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