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Tuning thermoresponsive behavior of diblock copolymers and their gold core hybrids. Part 2. How properties change depending on block attachment to gold nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 396:39-46. [PMID: 23484770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive diblock copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA) were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, allowing us to prepare diblocks with a thiol group at the desired chain end, and bond that block to a ~20 nm gold nanoparticle core. The cloud point and coil-globule transition window were measured by UV-vis spectroscopy. The gold core lowered the cloud point and narrowed the coil-globule transition window of all the diblock hybrids, but raised the cloud point of statistical copolymer hybrids that had similar cloud points. The extent of the change in the thermo-response properties of the hybrid diblock copolymers was more significant when the gold was bonded to the DEGMA block than the OEGA block. This block is less hydrophilic and sterically hindered than OEGA and may adsorb more effectively to the gold so that the hydration of the outer OEGA block is relatively unaffected by the Au core. This work indicates that diblock copolymers allow factors such as steric bulk and the effects on arrangement around a metal core to be effective tools for manipulating thermo-responsive properties that are not as significant with statistical copolymers.
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252
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McCoy RS, Choi S, Collins G, Ackerson BJ, Ackerson CJ. Superatom paramagnetism enables gold nanocluster heating in applied radiofrequency fields. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2610-2616. [PMID: 23390932 DOI: 10.1021/nn306015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Au102(pMBA)44 nanocluster becomes a superatom paramagnet after chemical oxidation. Solutions of paramagnetic Au102(pMBA)44 heat in an oscillating magnetic field component of an RF field, but not in the electric component. Combined, these experiments suggest that paramagnetic Au102(pMBA)44 heats through interactions of spin magnetic moment with an external oscillating magnetic field. These results may clarify some current controversy regarding gold nanoparticle heating in radiofrequency fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthanne S McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
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253
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Fraga S, Faria H, Soares ME, Duarte JA, Soares L, Pereira E, Costa-Pereira C, Teixeira JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carmo H. Influence of the surface coating on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and uptake of gold nanoparticles in human HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1111-9. [PMID: 23529830 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological profile of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remains controversial. Significant efforts to develop surface coatings to improve biocompatibility have been carried out. In vivo biodistribution studies have shown that the liver is a target for AuNPs accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the effects induced by ~20 nm spherical AuNPs (0-200 μM Au) with two surface coatings, citrate (Cit) compared with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA), in human liver HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays after 24 to 72 h of incubation. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay, 24 h after incubation with the capped AuNPs. Uptake and subcellular distribution of the tested AuNPs was evaluated by quantifying the gold intracellular content by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The obtained results indicate that both differently coated AuNPs did not induce significant cytotoxicity. An inverse concentration-dependent increase in comet tail intensity and tail moment was observed in Cit-AuNPs- but not in MUA-AuNPs-exposed cells. Both AuNPs were internalized in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no differences were found in the extent of the internalization between the two types of NPs. Electron-dense deposits of agglomerates of Cit- and MUA-AuNPs were observed either inside endosomes or in the intercellular spaces. In spite of the absence of cytotoxicity, DNA damage was observed after exposure to the lower concentrations of Cit- but not to MUA-AuNPs. Thus, our data supports the importance of the surface properties to increase the biocompatibility and safety of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Fraga
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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254
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Cervadoro A, Giverso C, Pande R, Sarangi S, Preziosi L, Wosik J, Brazdeikis A, Decuzzi P. Design maps for the hyperthermic treatment of tumors with superparamagnetic nanoparticles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57332. [PMID: 23451208 PMCID: PMC3581487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of magnetic nanoparticles has been developed and investigated under different alternating magnetic fields (AMF) for the hyperthermic treatment of malignant tissues. Yet, clinical applications of magnetic hyperthermia are sporadic, mostly due to the low energy conversion efficiency of the metallic nanoparticles and the high tissue concentrations required. Here, we study the hyperthermic performance of commercially available formulations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), with core diameter of 5, 7 and 14 nm, in terms of absolute temperature increase ΔT and specific absorption rate (SAR). These nanoparticles are operated under a broad range of AMF conditions, with frequency f varying between 0.2 and 30 MHz; field strength H ranging from 4 to 10 kA m(-1); and concentration cMNP varying from 0.02 to 3.5 mg ml(-1). At high frequency field (∼30 MHz), non specific heating dominates and ΔT correlates with the electrical conductivity of the medium. At low frequency field (<1 MHz), non specific heating is negligible and the relaxation of the SPIO within the AMF is the sole energy source. We show that the ΔT of the medium grows linearly with cMNP , whereas the SARMNP of the magnetic nanoparticles is independent of cMNP and varies linearly with f and H(2) . Using a computational model for heat transport in a biological tissue, the minimum requirements for local hyperthermia (Ttissue >42°C) and thermal ablation (Ttissue >50°C) are derived in terms of cMNP , operating AMF conditions and blood perfusion. The resulting maps can be used to rationally design hyperthermic treatments and identifying the proper route of administration - systemic versus intratumor injection - depending on the magnetic and biodistribution properties of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cervadoro
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Mechanics, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Giverso
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rohit Pande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Superconductivity Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Subhasis Sarangi
- Texas Superconductivity Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Superconductivity Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Audrius Brazdeikis
- Texas Superconductivity Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Filippousi M, Altantzis T, Stefanou G, Betsiou M, Bikiaris DN, Angelakeris M, Pavlidou E, Zamboulis D, Van Tendeloo G. Polyhedral iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymeric matrix: preparation, characterization and application in magnetic particle hyperthermia and drug delivery. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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256
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Yan K, Li P, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Ding J, Shen J, Li Z, Xu Z, Chu PK. Recent advances in multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles and applications to biomedical diagnosis and treatment. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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257
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Fang Y, Peng C, Guo R, Zheng L, Qin J, Zhou B, Shen M, Lu X, Zhang G, Shi X. Dendrimer-stabilized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and potential computed tomography imaging applications. Analyst 2013; 138:3172-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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258
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Promising iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical engineering. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2045-61. [PMID: 23263800 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For the past few decades biomedical engineering has imprinted its significant impact on the map of science through its wide applications on many other fields. An important example obviously proving this fact is the versatile application of magnetic nanoparticles in theranostics. Due to preferable properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity compared to other metal derivations, iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles was chosen to be addressed in this review. Aim of this review is to give the readers a whole working window of these magnetic nanoparticles in the current context of science. Thus, preparation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the so-far techniques, methods of characterizing the nanoparticles as well as their most recent biomedical applications will be stated.
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259
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Peng E, Choo ESG, Chandrasekharan P, Yang CT, Ding J, Chuang KH, Xue JM. Synthesis of manganese ferrite/graphene oxide nanocomposites for biomedical applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:3620-3630. [PMID: 22962025 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, MnFe(2)O(4) nanoparticle (MFNP)-decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGONCs) are prepared through a simple mini-emulsion and solvent evaporation process. It is demonstrated that the loading of magnetic nanocrystals can be tuned by varying the ratio of graphene oxide/magnetic nanoparticles. On top of that, the hydrodynamic size range of the obtained nanocomposites can be optimized by varying the sonication time during the emulsion process. By fine-tuning the sonication time, MGONCs as small as 56.8 ± 1.1 nm, 55.0 ± 0.6 nm and 56.2 ± 0.4 nm loaded with 6 nm, 11 nm, and 14 nm MFNPs, respectively, are successfully fabricated. In order to improve the colloidal stability of MGONCs in physiological solutions (e.g., phosphate buffered saline or PBS solution), MGONCs are further conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Heating by exposing MGONCs samples to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) show that the obtained nanocomposites are efficient hyperthermia agents. At concentrations as low as 0.1 mg Fe mL(-1) and under an 59.99 kA m(-1) field, the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) recorded is 1588.83 W g(-1) for MGONCs loaded with 14 nm MFNPs. It is also demonstrated that MGONCs are promising as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T(2) contrast agents. A T(2) relaxivity value (r(2) ) as high as 256.2 (mM Fe)(-1) s(-1) could be achieved with MGONCs loaded with 14 nm MFNPs. The cytotoxicity results show that PEGylated MGONCs exhibit an excellent biocompatibility that is suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Peng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore
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260
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Szlachcic A, Pala K, Zakrzewska M, Jakimowicz P, Wiedlocha A, Otlewski J. FGF1-gold nanoparticle conjugates targeting FGFR efficiently decrease cell viability upon NIR irradiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5915-27. [PMID: 23226697 PMCID: PMC3514973 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors, such as breast, bladder, and prostate cancer, and therefore they are attractive targets for different types of anticancer therapies. In this study, we designed, constructed, and characterized FGFR-targeted gold nanoconjugates suitable for infrared-induced thermal ablation (localized heating leading to cancer cell death) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We showed that a recombinant ligand of all FGFRs, human fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), can be used as an agent targeting covalently bound AuNPs to cancer cells overexpressing FGFRs. To assure thermal stability, protease resistance, and prolonged half-life of the targeting protein, we employed highly stable FGF1 variant that retains the biological activities of the wild type FGF1. Novel FGF1 variant, AuNP conjugates are specifically internalized only by the cells expressing FGFRs, and they significantly reduce their viability after irradiation with near-infrared light (down to 40% of control cell viability), whereas the proliferation potential of cells lacking FGFRs is not affected. These results demonstrate the feasibility of FGF1-coated AuNPs for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szlachcic
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
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261
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Piskun G, Tucker R. New bipolar tissue ligator combines constant tissue compression and temperature guidance: histologic study and implications for treatment of hemorrhoids. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2012; 5:89-96. [PMID: 23152714 PMCID: PMC3496967 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s34390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several minimally invasive technologies are available to treat common soft tissue lesions including symptomatic hemorrhoids. The use of energy to deliver heat and coagulate target lesions is commonly practiced. This study compares the histologic effects produced on intestinal tissues by two energy-based systems which employ different approaches of heat delivery. Methods Two heat delivery systems were evaluated in vivo in a single porcine subject: infrared coagulator and bipolar tissue ligator utilizing constant tissue compression and temperature guidance. Eighteen treatment sites divided into three groups of six were assessed. Treatment site temperature was measured and the effects of thermal treatment in the mucosa, submucosa, submucosal vessels, and muscularis layer were scored. Lateral thermal spread beyond the energy application site was also assessed. Results Treatment site temperatures were much lower in the bipolar ligator group than in the infrared coagulator group. The mucosal and submucosal tissue changes observed in tissues treated with infrared energy and bipolar energy at 55°C were similar. Both the mucosal and submucosal tissue changes with bipolar energy at 50°C were significantly less. Conclusion Both devices achieved similar histologic results. However, the unique design of the bipolar ligator, which allows consistent capture, constant compression, and temperature monitoring of target tissue, accomplished the desired histologic changes with less muscular damage at much lower temperatures than the infrared coagulator. The use of bipolar ligation could offer clinical advantages such as reduced patient pain and a minimized chance of heat-related collateral tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Piskun
- Department of Surgery, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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262
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Lukianova-Hleb EY, Ren X, Townley D, Wu X, Kupferman ME, Lapotko DO. Plasmonic nanobubbles rapidly detect and destroy drug-resistant tumors. Theranostics 2012; 2:976-87. [PMID: 23139725 PMCID: PMC3493199 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of residual cancer cells after oncological resection to adjuvant chemoradiotherapies results in both high recurrence rates and high non-specific tissue toxicity, thus preventing the successful treatment of such cancers as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The patients' survival rate and quality of life therefore depend upon the efficacy, selectivity and low non-specific toxicity of the adjuvant treatment. We report a novel, theranostic in vivo technology that unites both the acoustic diagnostics and guided intracellular delivery of anti-tumor drug (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin, Doxil) in one rapid process, namely a pulsed laser-activated plasmonic nanobubble (PNB). HNSCC-bearing mice were treated with gold nanoparticle conjugates, Doxil, and single near-infrared laser pulses of low energy. Tumor-specific clusters of gold nanoparticles (solid gold spheres) converted the optical pulses into localized PNBs. The acoustic signals of the PNB detected the tumor with high specificity and sensitivity. The mechanical impact of the PNB, co-localized with Doxil liposomes, selectively ejected the drug into the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Cancer cell-specific generation of PNBs and their intracellular co-localization with Doxil improved the in vivo therapeutic efficacy from 5-7% for administration of only Doxil or PNBs alone to 90% thus demonstrating the synergistic therapeutic effect of the PNB-based intracellular drug release. This mechanism also reduced the non-specific toxicity of Doxil below a detectable level and the treatment time to less than one minute. Thus PNBs combine highly sensitive diagnosis, overcome drug resistance and minimize non-specific toxicity in a single rapid theranostic procedure for intra-operative treatment.
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263
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DETZEL CHRISTOPHERJ, LENG WEINAN, VIKESLAND PETERJ, RAJAGOPALAN PADMAVATHY. INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND KINETICS OF UPTAKE AND CLEARANCE OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN PRIMARY HEPATIC CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984412410085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used for therapeutic applications preferentially accumulate in the liver following exposure. However, uptake and clearance by hepatic cells are not well understood. Time-dependent intracellular localization, uptake and clearance of 30 nm AuNPs were monitored in primary rat hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Confocal Raman microscopy studies demonstrated the differences in the localization of AuNPs in hepatic cells over a 24 h period. The uptake of unmodified AuNPs over 24 h was 17% and 55% for hepatocytes and LSECs. The uptake of poly(ethylene glycol)-coated AuNPs was 3% and 1% over 24 h in hepatocytes and LSECs, respectively. Both cell types expelled approximately 60–70% of intracellular AuNPs within seven days. AuNP accumulation resulted in the disruption of the pericanalicular actin between adjoining hepatocytes. These trends suggest that AuNPs may affect actin organization, which could impair hepatic function long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WEINAN LENG
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
| | - PETER J. VIKESLAND
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
| | - PADMAVATHY RAJAGOPALAN
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, VA, USA
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264
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Raoof M, Corr SJ, Kaluarachchi WD, Massey KL, Briggs K, Zhu C, Cheney MA, Wilson LJ, Curley SA. Stability of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles in the endolysosomal nanoenvironment: implications for noninvasive radiofrequency-based cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1096-105. [PMID: 22349096 PMCID: PMC3392470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of noninvasive radiofrequency (RF) electric fields as an energy source for thermal activation of nanoparticles within cancer cells could be a valuable addition to the emerging field of nano-mediated cancer therapies. Based on investigations of cell death through hyperthermia, and offering the ability for total-body penetration by RF fields, this technique is thought to complement and possibly outperform existing nano-heat treatments that utilize alternative heat production via optical or magnetic stimuli. However, it remains a challenge to understand fully the complex RF-nanoparticle-intracellular interactions before full system optimization can be engineered. Herein we have shown that liver cancer cells can selectively internalize antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through receptor-mediated endocytosis, with the nanoparticles predominantly accumulating and aggregating within cytoplasmic endolysosomes. After exposure to an external RF field, nonaggregated AuNPs absorbed and dissipated energy as heat, causing thermal damage to the targeted cancer cells. We also observed that RF absorption and heat dissipation is dependent on solubility of AuNPs in the colloid, which is pH dependent. Furthermore, by modulating endolysosomal pH it is possible to prevent intracellular AuNP aggregation and enhance thermal cytotoxicity in hepatocellular cancer cells. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Gold nanoparticles absorb energy from RF fields and can exert hyperthermic effects leading to cell death. Combining this known effect with antibody-based targeting of the nanoparticles, selective cancer specific hyperthermia induced cell death therapies can be designed, as demonstrated in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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265
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Li D, Jung YS, Kim HK, Chen J, Geller DA, Shuba MV, Maksimenko SA, Patch S, Forati E, Hanson GW. The effect of sample holder geometry on electromagnetic heating of nanoparticle and NaCl solutions at 13.56 MHz. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:3468-74. [PMID: 22997262 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2219049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic absorption and subsequent heating of nanoparticle solutions and simple NaCl ionic solutions is examined for biomedical applications in the radiofrequency range at 13.56 MHz. It is shown via both theory and experiment that for in vitro measurements the shape of the solution container plays a major role in absorption and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Petersen Institute of NanoScience and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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266
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Eichardt R, Baumgarten D, Petković B, Wiekhorst F, Trahms L, Haueisen J. Adapting source grid parameters to improve the condition of the magnetostatic linear inverse problem of estimating nanoparticle distributions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 50:1081-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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267
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Ketharnath D, Pande R, Xie L, Srinivasan S, Godin B, Wosik J. A method to measure specific absorption rate of nanoparticles in colloidal suspension using different configurations of radio-frequency fields. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2012; 101:83118. [PMID: 22991480 PMCID: PMC3436911 DOI: 10.1063/1.4748285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for characterization of the efficiency of radio-frequency (rf) heating of nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in an aqueous medium. Measurements were carried out for water suspended 5 nm superparamagnetic iron-oxide NPs with 30 nm dextran matrix for three different configurations of rf electric and magnetic fields. A 30 MHz high-Q resonator was designed to measure samples placed inside a parallel plate capacitor and solenoid coil with or without an rf electric field shield. All components of rf losses were analyzed and rf electric and magnetic field induced heating of NPs and the dispersion medium was determined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Ketharnath
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA ; Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 772042, USA
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268
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Non-invasive radiofrequency ablation of malignancies mediated by quantum dots, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:1325-30. [PMID: 22826886 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of nanoparticles efficiently heat in radiofrequency fields, which can potentially be used to produce cancer cell cytotoxicity within minutes. Multifunctional and targeted nanoparticles have demonstrated effective cancer control in vivo without significant toxicity associated with radiofrequency field exposure. Importantly, animals treated systemically with targeted nanoparticles smaller than 50 nm demonstrate tumor necrosis after radiofrequency field exposure without acute or chronic toxicity to normal tissues. Likewise, the future holds great promise for multifunctional imaging as well as multimodality therapy with chemotherapeutic molecules and ionizing radiation sensitizing agents attached to nanoparticle constructs. However, the appropriate balance of safety and efficacy for diagnosis, therapy, and therapeutic monitoring with these nanoparticles remains to be fully elucidated.
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269
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Jabir NR, Tabrez S, Ashraf GM, Shakil S, Damanhouri GA, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology-based approaches in anticancer research. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4391-408. [PMID: 22927757 PMCID: PMC3420598 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly complex disease to understand, because it entails multiple cellular physiological systems. The most common cancer treatments are restricted to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Moreover, the early recognition and treatment of cancer remains a technological bottleneck. There is an urgent need to develop new and innovative technologies that could help to delineate tumor margins, identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and determine whether a tumor has been completely removed or not. Nanotechnology has witnessed significant progress in the past few decades, and its effect is widespread nowadays in every field. Nanoparticles can be modified in numerous ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease chances of multidrug resistance by the use of nanotechnology. Recently, research in the field of cancer nanotechnology has made remarkable advances. The present review summarizes the application of various nanotechnology-based approaches towards the diagnostics and therapeutics of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Metabolomics and Enzymology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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270
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Raoof M, Zhu C, Kaluarachchi WD, Curley SA. Luciferase-based protein denaturation assay for quantification of radiofrequency field-induced targeted hyperthermia: developing an intracellular thermometer. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:202-9. [PMID: 22515341 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.666318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported targeted hyperthermia at the cellular level using remote activation of nanoparticles by radiofrequency waves. To date, methods to quantify intracellular thermal dose have not been reported. In this report we study the relationship between radio wave exposure and luciferase denaturation with and without intracellular nanoparticles. The findings are used to devise a strategy to quantify targeted thermal dose in a primary human liver cancer cell line. METHODS Water bath or non-invasive external Kanzius RF generator (600 W, 13.56 MHz) was used for hyperthermia exposures. Luciferase activity was measured using a bioluminescence assay and viability was assessed using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Heat shock proteins were analysed using western blot analysis. RESULTS Duration-dependent luciferase denaturation was observed in SNU449 cells exposed to RF field that preceded measurable loss in viability. Loss of luciferase activity was higher in cetuximab-conjugated gold nanoparticle (C225-AuNP) treated cells. Using a standard curve from water bath experiments, the intracellular thermal dose was calculated. Cells treated with C225-AuNP accumulated 6.07 times higher intracellular thermal dose than the untreated controls over initial 4 min of RF exposure. CONCLUSION Cancer cells when exposed to an external RF field exhibit dose-dependent protein denaturation. Luciferase denaturation assay can be used to quantify thermal dose delivered after RF exposures to cancer cells with and without nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgical Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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271
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Dement’eva OV, Filippenko MA, Groman KE, Rudoy VM. New multifunctional nanoparticles with mesoporous cores and silver shells. COLLOID JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x12040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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272
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Lukianova-Hleb EY, Ren X, Zasadzinski JA, Wu X, Lapotko DO. Plasmonic nanobubbles enhance efficacy and selectivity of chemotherapy against drug-resistant cancer cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3831-7. [PMID: 22407874 PMCID: PMC3407535 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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273
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Wahajuddin, Arora S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3445-71. [PMID: 22848170 PMCID: PMC3405876 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A targeted drug delivery system is the need of the hour. Guiding magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with the help of an external magnetic field to its target is the principle behind the development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as novel drug delivery vehicles. SPIONs are small synthetic γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite) or Fe3O4 (magnetite) particles with a core ranging between 10 nm and 100 nm in diameter. These magnetic particles are coated with certain biocompatible polymers, such as dextran or polyethylene glycol, which provide chemical handles for the conjugation of therapeutic agents and also improve their blood distribution profile. The current research on SPIONs is opening up wide horizons for their use as diagnostic agents in magnetic resonance imaging as well as for drug delivery vehicles. Delivery of anticancer drugs by coupling with functionalized SPIONs to their targeted site is one of the most pursued areas of research in the development of cancer treatment strategies. SPIONs have also demonstrated their efficiency as nonviral gene vectors that facilitate the introduction of plasmids into the nucleus at rates multifold those of routinely available standard technologies. SPION-induced hyperthermia has also been utilized for localized killing of cancerous cells. Despite their potential biomedical application, alteration in gene expression profiles, disturbance in iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and altered cellular responses are some SPION-related toxicological aspects which require due consideration. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of SPIONs with regard to their method of preparation, their utility as drug delivery vehicles, and some concerns which need to be resolved before they can be moved from bench top to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahajuddin
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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274
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Xu Y, Karmakar A, Heberlein WE, Mustafa T, Biris AR, Biris AS. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for synergistic enhancement of cancer treatment by combinatorial radio frequency thermolysis and drug delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184783 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Few-layer, carbon-coated, iron (C/Fe) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized with controlled sizes ranging from 7 to 9 nm. The additional loading of two anti-cancer drugs, doxorubicin and erlotinib, was achieved through - stacking onto the carbon shells. Controlled release of the drugs was successfully triggered by radio frequency (RF) heating or pH variation. Based on the experimental results, C/Fe MNPs act as heat-inducing agents and are able to thermally destroy cancer cells when RF is applied. It was found that the combination of anti-cancer drugs (in particular a low dose of doxorubicin) and RF treatment demonstrates a synergistic effect in inducing cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that MNPs can be used as highly efficient multimodal nanocarrier agents for an integrated approach to cancer treatment involving triggered delivery of antineoplastic drugs and RF-induced thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, AR 72204, USA.
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275
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Bae KH, Park M, Do MJ, Lee N, Ryu JH, Kim GW, Kim C, Park TG, Hyeon T. Chitosan oligosaccharide-stabilized ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanocubes for magnetically modulated cancer hyperthermia. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5266-73. [PMID: 22588093 DOI: 10.1021/nn301046w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have gained significant attention as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Herein, we developed chitosan oligosaccharide-stabilized ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanocubes (Chito-FIONs) as an effective heat nanomediator for cancer hyperthermia. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed that Chito-FIONs were composed of multiple 30-nm-sized FIONs encapsulated by a chitosan polymer shell. Multiple FIONs in an interior increased the total magnetic moments, which leads to localized accumulation under an applied magnetic field. Chito-FIONs also exhibited superior magnetic heating ability with a high specific loss power value (2614 W/g) compared with commercial superparamagnetic Feridex nanoparticles (83 W/g). The magnetically guided Chito-FIONs successfully eradicated target cancer cells through caspase-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, Chito-FIONs showed excellent antitumor efficacy on an animal tumor model without any severe toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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276
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Beija M, Salvayre R, Lauth-de Viguerie N, Marty JD. Colloidal systems for drug delivery: from design to therapy. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:485-96. [PMID: 22673692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, or medicine using nanometric devices, has emerged in the past decade as an exhilarating domain that can help to solve a number of problems linked to unsatisfactory therapeutic responses of so-called 'old drugs'. This dissatisfaction stems from inadequate biodistribution after a drug's application, which leads to a limited therapeutic response but also to numerous side effects to healthy organs. The biodistribution of drugs encapsulated in a nano object that will act as a vector can be modified to tune its therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a general overview of existing colloidal nanovectors: liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric vesicles, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and dendrimers. We describe their characteristics, advantages and drawbacks, and discuss their use in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Beija
- Australian Centre For NanoMedicine (ACN), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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277
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Abstract
The roles of nitric oxide (NO) in physiology and pathophysiology merit the use of NO as a therapeutic for certain biomedical applications. Unfortunately, limited NO payloads, too rapid NO release, and the lack of targeted NO delivery have hindered the clinical utility of NO gas and low molecular weight NO donor compounds. A wide-variety of NO-releasing macromolecular scaffolds has thus been developed to improve NO's pharmacological potential. In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of the most promising NO release scaffolds including protein, organic, inorganic, and hybrid organic-inorganic systems. The NO release vehicles selected for discussion were chosen based on their enhanced NO storage, tunable NO release characteristics, and potential as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Riccio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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278
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El-Magboub A, Garcia C, James ADJ. A revival of primary healing hypotheses: a comparison of traditional healing approaches of Arabs and American Indians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2011.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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279
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Stevenson APZ, Blanco Bea D, Civit S, Antoranz Contera S, Iglesias Cerveto A, Trigueros S. Three strategies to stabilise nearly monodispersed silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:151. [PMID: 22356679 PMCID: PMC3351018 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are extensively used due to their chemical and physical properties and promising applications in areas such as medicine and electronics. Controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles remains a major challenge due to the difficulty in producing long-term stable particles of the same size and shape in aqueous solution. To address this problem, we examine three strategies to stabilise aqueous solutions of 15 nm citrate-reduced silver nanoparticles using organic polymeric capping, bimetallic core-shell and bimetallic alloying. Our results show that these strategies drastically improve nanoparticle stability by distinct mechanisms. Additionally, we report a new role of polymer functionalisation in preventing further uncontrolled nanoparticle growth. For bimetallic nanoparticles, we attribute the presence of a higher valence metal on the surface of the nanoparticle as one of the key factors for improving their long-term stability. Stable silver-based nanoparticles, free of organic solvents, will have great potential for accelerating further environmental and nanotoxicity studies.PACS: 81.07.-b; 81.16.Be; 82.70.Dd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duani Blanco Bea
- Department of Materials, National Centre for Scientific Research, PO Box 6414, Avenida 25 and 158, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, CP 12100, Cuba
| | - Sergi Civit
- Department of Statistics, University of Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sonia Antoranz Contera
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Institute of Nanoscience for Medicine, Oxford Martin School, 34 Broad Street, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Alberto Iglesias Cerveto
- Department of Materials, National Centre for Scientific Research, PO Box 6414, Avenida 25 and 158, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, CP 12100, Cuba
| | - Sonia Trigueros
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Institute of Nanoscience for Medicine, Oxford Martin School, 34 Broad Street, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
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280
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Song MF, Li YS, Kasai H, Kawai K. Metal nanoparticle-induced micronuclei and oxidative DNA damage in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 50:211-6. [PMID: 22573923 PMCID: PMC3334374 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms regarding the adverse health effects of nanomaterials have been proposed. Among them, oxidative stress is considered to be one of the most important. Many in vitro studies have shown that nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species, deplete endogenous antioxidants, alter mitochondrial function and produce oxidative damage in DNA. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a major type of oxidative DNA damage, and is often analyzed as a marker of oxidative stress in human and animal studies. In this study, we focused on the in vivo toxicity of metal oxide and silver nanoparticles. In particular, we analyzed the induction of micronucleated reticulocyte formation and oxidative stress in mice treated with nanoparticles (CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, TiO2, Ag). For the micronucleus assay, peripheral blood was collected from the tail at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after an i.p. injection of nanoparticles. Following the administration of nanoparticles by i.p. injection to mice, the urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were analyzed by the HPLC-ECD method, to monitor the oxidative stress. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in liver DNA were also measured. The results showed increases in the reticulocyte micronuclei formation in all nanoparticle-treated groups and in the urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in the liver DNA of the CuO-treated group increased in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the metal nanoparticles caused genotoxicity, and oxidative stress may be responsible for the toxicity of these metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Song
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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281
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Li XH, Rong PF, Jin HK, Wang W, Tang JT. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia induced by radiofrequency capacitive field for the treatment of transplanted subcutaneous tumors in rats. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:279-284. [PMID: 22969882 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) induced by a magnetic field has become a new heating technology for the treatment of malignant tumors due to its ability to heat the tumor tissue precisely and properly, and due to its significant therapeutic effects. In this study, MFH induced by radiofrequency capacitive field (RCF) for the treatment of transplanted subcutaneous tumors in rats, was investigated. A total of 50 rats bearing subcutaneous tumors were randomly divided into five groups, including i) a pseudo-treatment (PT) control group, ii) magnetic fluid (MF) group, iii) pure hyperthermia (PH) group, iv) magnetic fluid hyperthermia 1 (MFH1) group, and v) magnetic fluid hyperthermia 2 (MFH2) group. Tumors were irradiated for 30 min in the MFH1 group 24 h following injection of MF. Tumors were irradiated for 30 min in the MFH2 group 24 h following injection of MF, and irradiation was repeated for 30 min 72 h following injection of MF. Tumor volumes, tumor volume inhibition ratios and survival times in the rat model were examined. Temperatures of tumor cores and rims both rapidly reached the desired temperature (∼50°C) for tumor treatment within 5 to 10 min in the MFH1 and MFH2 groups, and we maintained this temperature level by manually adjusting the output power (70-130 W). Tumor volumes of the MFH1 and MFH2 groups were reduced compared to those of the PT, MF and PH groups. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth in the MFH2 group (91.57%) was higher compared to that in the MFH1 group (85.21%) and the other groups. The survival time of the MFH2 group (51.62±2.28 days) and MFH1 group (43.10±1.57 days) was increased compared to that of the PH, MF and PT groups. The results obtained show that MFH induced by RCF may serve as a potential and promising method for the treatment of tumors.
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282
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Leung KCF, Xuan S, Zhu X, Wang D, Chak CP, Lee SF, Ho WKW, Chung BCT. Gold and iron oxide hybrid nanocomposite materials. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:1911-28. [PMID: 22037623 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This critical review provides an overview of current research activities that focused on the synthesis and application of multi-functional gold and iron oxide (Au-Fe(x)O(y)) hybrid nanoparticles and nanocomposites. An introduction of synthetic strategies that have been developed for generating Au-Fe(x)O(y) nanocomposites with different nanostructures is presented. Surface functionalisation and bioconjugation of these hybrid nanoparticles and nanocomposites are also reviewed. A variety of applications such as theranostics, gene delivery, biosensing, cell sorting, bio-separation, and catalysis is discussed and highlighted. Finally, future trends and perspectives of these sophisticated nanocomposites are outlined. Underpinning the fundamental requirements for effectively forming Au-Fe(x)O(y) hybrid nanocomposite materials would shed light on future development of nanotheranostics, nanomedicines, and chemical technologies. It would be interesting to investigate such multi-component composite nanomaterials with different novel morphologies in the near future to advance chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering multi-disciplinary research (120 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Institute of Creativity and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
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283
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Noble metal nanoparticles applications in cancer. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2012:751075. [PMID: 22007307 PMCID: PMC3189598 DOI: 10.1155/2012/751075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has prompted new and improved materials for biomedical applications with particular emphasis in therapy and diagnostics. Special interest has been directed at providing enhanced molecular therapeutics for cancer, where conventional approaches do not effectively differentiate between cancerous and normal cells; that is, they lack specificity. This normally causes systemic toxicity and severe and adverse side effects with concomitant loss of quality of life. Because of their small size, nanoparticles can readily interact with biomolecules both at surface and inside cells, yielding better signals and target specificity for diagnostics and therapeutics. This way, a variety of nanoparticles with the possibility of diversified modification with biomolecules have been investigated for biomedical applications including their use in highly sensitive imaging assays, thermal ablation, and radiotherapy enhancement as well as drug and gene delivery and silencing. Here, we review the available noble metal nanoparticles for cancer therapy, with particular focus on those already being translated into clinical settings.
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284
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HERRANZ FERNANDO, ALMARZA ELENA, RODRÍGUEZ IGNACIO, SALINAS BEATRIZ, ROSELL YAMILKA, DESCO MANUEL, BULTE JEFFW, RUIZ-CABELLO JESÚS. The application of nanoparticles in gene therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:577-91. [PMID: 21484943 PMCID: PMC3422774 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanoparticles, gene therapy, and medical imaging has given rise to a new field known as gene theranostics, in which a nanobioconjugate is used to diagnose and treat the disease. The process generally involves binding between a vector carrying the genetic information and a nanoparticle, which provides the signal for imaging. The synthesis of this probe generates a synergic effect, enhancing the efficiency of gene transduction and imaging contrast. We discuss the latest approaches in the synthesis of nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, gene therapy strategies, and their conjugation and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- FERNANDO HERRANZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - ELENA ALMARZA
- División de Hematopoyesis y Terapia Génica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - IGNACIO RODRÍGUEZ
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - BEATRIZ SALINAS
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
| | - YAMILKA ROSELL
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - MANUEL DESCO
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañ ón,” Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - JEFF W. BULTE
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - JESÚS RUIZ-CABELLO
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Física II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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285
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Zhu M, Diao G. Review on the progress in synthesis and application of magnetic carbon nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2748-67. [PMID: 21611651 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the synthesis and application of nanostructured composites containing magnetic nanostructures and carbon-based materials. Great progress in fabrication of magnetic carbon nanocomposites has been made by developing methods including filling process, template-based synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal/solvothermal method, pyrolysis procedure, sol-gel process, detonation induced reaction, self-assembly method, etc. The applications of magnetic carbon nanocomposites expanded to a wide range of fields such as environmental treatment, microwave absorption, magnetic recording media, electrochemical sensor, catalysis, separation/recognization of biomolecules and drug delivery are discussed. Finally, some future trends and perspectives in this research area are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
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286
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Lee JH, Jang JT, Choi JS, Moon SH, Noh SH, Kim JW, Kim JG, Kim IS, Park KI, Cheon J. Exchange-coupled magnetic nanoparticles for efficient heat induction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:418-22. [PMID: 21706024 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 700] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat by nanoparticles has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive technique for biotechnology applications such as drug release, disease treatment and remote control of single cell functions, but poor conversion efficiencies have hindered practical applications so far. In this Letter, we demonstrate a significant increase in the efficiency of magnetic thermal induction by nanoparticles. We take advantage of the exchange coupling between a magnetically hard core and magnetically soft shell to tune the magnetic properties of the nanoparticle and maximize the specific loss power, which is a gauge of the conversion efficiency. The optimized core-shell magnetic nanoparticles have specific loss power values that are an order of magnitude larger than conventional iron-oxide nanoparticles. We also perform an antitumour study in mice, and find that the therapeutic efficacy of these nanoparticles is superior to that of a common anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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287
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Park JK, Jung J, Subramaniam P, Shah BP, Kim C, Lee JK, Cho JH, Lee C, Lee KB. Graphite-coated magnetic nanoparticles as multimodal imaging probes and cooperative therapeutic agents for tumor cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1647-52. [PMID: 21560243 PMCID: PMC3181001 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joung Kyu Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Nano-Biofusion Research Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejon 305–600 Korea
| | - Jongjin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prasad Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Birju P. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cheoljin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jong Kyo Lee
- Center for Nano-Biofusion Research Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejon 305–600 Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Cho
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research Korea Basic Science Institute Ochang 363–883, Korea
| | - Chulhyun Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research Korea Basic Science Institute Ochang 363–883, Korea
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288
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Dreaden EC, Mackey MA, Huang X, Kang B, El-Sayed MA. Beating cancer in multiple ways using nanogold. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3391-404. [PMID: 21629885 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles possess a unique combination of properties which allow them to act as highly multifunctional anti-cancer agents (X. H. Huang, P. K. Jain, I. H. El-Sayed and M. A. El-Sayed, Nanomedicine, 2007, 2, 681-693; P. Ghosh, G. Han, M. De, C. K. Kim and V. M. Rotello, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 2008, 60, 1307-1315; S. Lal, S. E. Clare and N. J. Halas, Acc. Chem. Res., 2008, 41, 1842-1851; D. A. Giljohann, D. S. Seferos, W. L. Daniel, M. D. Massich, P. C. Patel and C. A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 3280-3294). Not only can they be used as targeted contrast agents for photothermal cancer therapy, they can serve as scaffolds for increasingly potent cancer drug delivery, as transfection agents for selective gene therapy, and as intrinsic antineoplastic agents. This tutorial review will highlight some of the many forms and recent applications of these gold nanoparticle conjugates by our lab and others, as well as their rational design and physiologic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Dreaden
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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289
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Vauthier C, Tsapis N, Couvreur P. Nanoparticles: heating tumors to death? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:99-109. [PMID: 21182422 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermotherapy consisting of heating tumors to death appears to be a suitable method to achieve tumor ablation in a noninvasive manner with minimal side effects but developments were hampered because of the lack of specificity of the heating method. New interests have emerged by introducing nanoparticles as energy absorbent agents in tumor tissue to locally enhance the action of irradiation, hence increasing the specificity of the method. Mechanisms of tumor death depend on the nature of the nanoparticles and irradiation modalities. They can be induced either by heat-dependent or by heat-independent phenomena. As discussed in this article, it can reasonably be expected that the recent methods of thermotherapy developed with nanoparticles have a tremendous potential for cancer treatments. However, overcoming challenging milestones is now required before the method will be ready for the treatment of a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vauthier
- Université Paris-Sud, Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR 8612, 5 Rue JB Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France.
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290
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Glazer ES, Zhu C, Massey KL, Thompson CS, Kaluarachchi WD, Hamir AN, Curley SA. Noninvasive radiofrequency field destruction of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts treated with targeted gold nanoparticles. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 16:5712-21. [PMID: 21138869 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers with few effective treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are potentially therapeutic because of the safety demonstrated thus far and their physiochemical characteristics. We used the astounding heating rates of AuNPs in nonionizing radiofrequency (RF) radiation to investigate human pancreatic xenograft destruction in a murine model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Weekly, Panc-1 and Capan-1 human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in immunocompromised mice were exposed to an RF field 36 hours after treatment (intraperitoneal) with cetuximab- or PAM4 antibody-conjugated AuNPs, respectively. Tumor sizes were measured weekly, whereas necrosis and cleaved caspase-3 were investigated with hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence, respectively. In addition, AuNP internalization and cytotoxicity were investigated in vitro with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Panc-1 cells demonstrated increased apoptosis with decreased viability after treatment with cetuximab-conjugated AuNPs and RF field exposure (P = 0.00005). Differences in xenograft volumes were observed within 2 weeks of initiating therapy. Cetuximab- and PAM4-conjugated AuNPs demonstrated RF field-induced destruction of Panc-1 and Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma xenografts after 6 weeks of weekly treatment (P = 0.004 and P = 0.035, respectively). There was no evidence of injury to murine organs. Cleaved caspase-3 and necrosis were both increased in treated tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a potentially novel cancer therapy by noninvasively inducing intracellular hyperthermia with targeted AuNPs in an RF field. While the therapy is dependent on the specificity of the targeting antibody, normal tissues were without toxicity despite systemic therapy and whole-body RF field exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Glazer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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291
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Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Kubeil M, Graham B, Stephan H, Spiccia L. Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H18-40. [PMID: 21433100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Barreto
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
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292
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Grobmyer SR, Morse DL, Fletcher B, Gutwein LG, Sharma P, Krishna V, Frost SC, Moudgil BM, Brown SC. The promise of nanotechnology for solving clinical problems in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:317-325. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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293
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Kruse DE, Stephens DN, Lindfors HA, Ingham ES, Paoli EE, Ferrara KW. A radio-frequency coupling network for heating of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy: design and analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:2002-12. [PMID: 21402506 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are nontoxic, can be functionalized with ligands, and preferentially accumulate in tumors. We have developed a 13.56-MHz RF-electromagnetic field (RF-EM) delivery system capable of generating high E-field strengths required for noninvasive, noncontact heating of GNPs. The bulk heating and specific heating rates were measured as a function of NP size and concentration. It was found that heating is both size and concentration dependent, with 5 nm particles producing a 50.6 ± 0.2 °C temperature rise in 30 s for 25 μg/mL gold (125 W input). The specific heating rate was also size and concentration dependent, with 5 nm particles producing a specific heating rate of 356 ± 78 kW/g gold at 16 μg/mL (125 W input). Furthermore, we demonstrate that cancer cells incubated with GNPs are killed when exposed to 13.56 MHz RF-EM fields. Compared to cells that were not incubated with GNPs, three out of four RF-treated groups showed a significant enhancement of cell death with GNPs (p<0.05). GNP-enhanced cell killing appears to require temperatures above 50 °C for the experimental parameters used in this study. Transmission electron micrographs show extensive vacuolization with the combination of GNPs and RF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Kruse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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294
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Preparation of peptide- and protein-based molecular assemblies and their utilizations as nanocarriers for tumor imaging. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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295
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Novel nanotechnology approaches to diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 120:393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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296
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Turaga KK, Kvols LK. Recent progress in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:113-32. [PMID: 21388967 DOI: 10.3322/caac.20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are relatively rare tumors that arise from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. This heterogeneous group of tumors was often considered a single entity. This belied their biological diversity, and the biggest advance in understanding these tumors over the past decades has been in understanding this diversity. Diagnosis of these tumors has been aided by advances in pathological diagnosis and classification and tumor imaging with endoscopic ultrasound and somatostatin receptor fusion imaging. Genetic and molecular advances have identified molecular targets in the treatment of these tumors. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, amply supported by interventional radiological techniques, including embolization. Treatment of metastatic disease has improved significantly with the addition of several new agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and yttrium-90-DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and lutetium-177-DOTA octreotate. Despite significant advances in the understanding and management of GEP-NETs, the survival of patients remains largely unchanged and there remains a need for the development of national and international research collaborations to spearhead future efforts.
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297
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Menichetti L, De Marchi D, Calucci L, Ciofani G, Menciassi A, Forte C. Boron nitride nanotubes for boron neutron capture therapy as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1725-7. [PMID: 21398132 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) containing Fe paramagnetic impurities as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated. The measurement of longitudinal and transverse relaxation times of water protons in homogeneous aqueous dispersions of BNNTs wrapped with poly(L-lysine) at different concentrations allowed longitudinal (r(1)) and transverse (r(2)) relaxivities to be determined at 3T. The r(2) value was comparable to those of commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, indicating that Fe-containing BNNTs have the potential to be used as T(2) contrast-enhancement agents in MRI at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Menichetti
- CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
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298
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Lukianova-Hleb EY, Oginsky AO, Samaniego AP, Shenefelt DL, Wagner DS, Hafner JH, Farach-Carson MC, Lapotko DO. Tunable plasmonic nanoprobes for theranostics of prostate cancer. Theranostics 2011; 1:3-17. [PMID: 21547151 PMCID: PMC3086615 DOI: 10.7150/thno/v01p0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic applications require coupling of diagnosis and therapy, a high degree of specificity and adaptability to delivery methods compatible with clinical practice. The tunable physical and biological effects of selective targeting and activation of plasmonic nanobubbles (PNB) were studied in a heterogeneous biological microenvironment of prostate cancer and stromal cells. All cells were targeted with conjugates of gold nanoparticles (NPs) through an antibody-receptor-endocytosis-nanocluster mechanism that produced NP clusters. The simultaneous pulsed optical activation of intracellular NP clusters at several wavelengths resulted in higher optical contrast and therapeutic selectivity of PNBs compared with those of gold NPs alone. The developed mechanism was termed "rainbow plasmonic nanobubbles." The cellular effect of rainbow PNBs was tuned in situ in target cells, thus supporting a theranostic algorithm of prostate cancer cell detection and follow-up guided destruction without damage to collateral cells. The specificity and tunability of PNBs is promising for theranostic applications and we discuss a fiber optic platform that will capitalize on these features to bring theranostic tools to the clinic.
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299
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300
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Raoof M, Curley SA. Non-invasive radiofrequency-induced targeted hyperthermia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2011; 2011:676957. [PMID: 21994866 PMCID: PMC3170837 DOI: 10.4061/2011/676957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted biological therapies for hepatocellular cancer have shown minimal improvements in median survival. Multiple pathways to oncogenesis leading to rapid development of resistance to such therapies is a concern. Non-invasive radiofrequency field-induced targeted hyperthermia using nanoparticles is a radical departure from conventional modalities. In this paper we underscore the need for innovative strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer, describe the central paradigm of targeted hyperthermia using non-invasive electromagnetic energy, review the process of characterization and modification of nanoparticles for the task, and summarize data from cell-based and animal-based models of hepatocellular cancer treated with non-invasive RF energy. Finally, future strategies and challenges in bringing this modality from bench to clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven A. Curley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Science, Rice University, 1400 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 444, Houston, TX 77030, USA,*Steven A. Curley:
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