251
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Grossen P, Portmann M, Koller E, Duschmalé M, Minz T, Sewing S, Pandya NJ, van Geijtenbeek SK, Ducret A, Kusznir EA, Huber S, Berrera M, Lauer ME, Ringler P, Nordbo B, Jensen ML, Sladojevich F, Jagasia R, Alex R, Gamboni R, Keller M. Evaluation of bovine milk extracellular vesicles for the delivery of locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:198-210. [PMID: 33248268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The natural capacity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transport their payload to recipient cells has raised big interest to repurpose EVs as delivery vehicles for xenobiotics. In the present study, bovine milk-derived EVs (BMEVs) were investigated for their potential to shuttle locked nucleic acid-modified antisense oligonucleotides (LNA ASOs) into the systemic circulation after oral administration. To this end, a broad array of analytical methods including proteomics and lipidomics were used to thoroughly characterize BMEVs. We found that additional purification by density gradients efficiently reduced levels of non-EV associated proteins. The potential of BMEVs to functionally transfer LNA ASOs was tested using advanced in vitro systems (i.e. hPSC-derived neurons and primary human cells). A slight increase in cellular LNA ASO internalization and target gene reduction was observed when LNA ASOs were delivered using BMEVs. When dosed orally in mice, only a small fraction (about 1% of total administered dose) of LNA ASOs was recovered in the peripheral tissues liver and kidney, however, no significant reduction in target gene expression (i.e. functional knockdown) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Grossen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Portmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, DMPK, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Duschmalé
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, iSafe, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Minz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, iSafe, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Sewing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, iSafe, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikhil Janak Pandya
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neurology and Rare Diseases Disease Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Kux van Geijtenbeek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Ducret
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric-André Kusznir
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Berrera
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Biomics and Pathology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Nordbo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Fremtidsvej3, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lerbech Jensen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Fremtidsvej3, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Filippo Sladojevich
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neurology and Rare Diseases Disease Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Alex
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remo Gamboni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Keller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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252
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Gener P, Gonzalez Callejo P, Seras-Franzoso J, Andrade F, Rafael D, Abasolo I, Schwartz S. The potential of nanomedicine to alter cancer stem cell dynamics: the impact of extracellular vesicles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2785-2800. [PMID: 33191837 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumors as drivers of metastatic spread has been commonly accepted. Nonetheless, the likelihood of its dynamic phenotype has been strongly discussed. Importantly, intratumoral cell-to-cell communication seems to act as the main regulatory mechanism of CSC reversion. Today, new strategies for cancer treatment focusing into modulating tumor cell intercommunication and the possibility to modulate the composition of the tumor microenvironment are being explored. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the phenomenon of CSC reversion and the factors known to influence this phenotypic switch. Furthermore, we will discuss the possible role of nanomedicine toward altering this reversion, and to influence the tumor microenvironment composition and the metastatic spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gener
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Gonzalez Callejo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Seras-Franzoso
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Research Centre for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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253
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Chen W, Wang R, Li D, Zuo C, Wen P, Liu H, Chen Y, Fujita M, Wu Z, Yang G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Glycome and Glycoproteome of Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12692-12701. [PMID: 33137256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk-derived exosomes (BMDEs) have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery carriers. A comprehensive analysis of protein glycosylation in exosomes is necessary to elucidate the process of targeted delivery. In this work, free oligosaccharides (FOSs), O-glycans, and N-glycans in BMDEs and whey were first analyzed through multiple derivation strategies. In summary, 13 FOSs, 44 O-glycans, and 94 N-glycans were identified in bovine milk. To analyze site-specific glycosylation of glycoproteins, a one-step method was used to enrich and characterize intact glycopeptides. A total of 1359 proteins including 114 glycoproteins were identified and most of these were located in the exosomes. Approximately 95 glycopeptides were initially discovered and 5 predicted glycosites were confirmed in BMDEs. Collectively, these findings revealed the characterization and distribution of glycans and glycoproteins in BMDEs, providing insight into the potential applications of BMDEs in drug delivery and food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenyang Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piaopiao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haili Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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254
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Xu M, Yang Q, Sun X, Wang Y. Recent Advancements in the Loading and Modification of Therapeutic Exosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:586130. [PMID: 33262977 PMCID: PMC7686035 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.586130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a rapid development of bio-nanoparticles for drug delivery and confluent advances in next-generation diagnostics, monitoring the progression of several diseases, and accurate guidance for therapy. Based on their prominent stability, cargo-carriage properties, stable circulating capability, and favorable safety profile, exosomes have great potential to regulate cellular communication by carrying variable cargoes into specific site. However, the specific loading strategies and modification methods for engineered exosomes to enhance the targeting ability are unclear. The clinical application of exosomes is still limited. In this review, we discuss both original and modified exosomes for loading specific therapeutic molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules) and the design strategies used to target specific cells. This review can be used as a reference for further loading and modification strategies as well as for the therapeutic applications of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Xu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
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255
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Gutierrez-Millan C, Calvo Díaz C, Lanao JM, Colino CI. Advances in Exosomes-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000269. [PMID: 33094544 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are important mediators of long-distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes such as the transport of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Researchers, seeing the problems caused by the toxic effects and clearance of synthetic nanoparticles, consider exosomes as an interesting alternative to such nanoparticles in the specific and controlled transport of drugs. In recent years, there have been remarkable advances in the use of exosomes in cancer therapeutics or for treating neurological diseases, among other applications. The objective of this work is to analyze studies focused on exosomes used in drug delivery system, present and future applications in this field of research are discussed based on the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gutierrez-Millan
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara Calvo Díaz
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
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256
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Challenges in the development and establishment of exosome-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 329:894-906. [PMID: 33058934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from cells and are characterized by a lipid bilayer membrane encapsulating a variety of biological molecules such as nucleic acids or proteins within the lumen or the lipid-bilayer. Under physiological environments, exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication and cargo transport. Therefore, exosomes have been explored as drug delivery vehicles for improving therapeutic outcomes. Although recent studies have demonstrated promising advances with exosome-based drug delivery systems, several challenges severely hinder further development of exosomes for clinical applications. This review summarizes and emphasizes some of the technical challenges related to the isolation, characterization, and stability testing of exosomes. More importantly, challenges related specifically to the application of exosomes for drug delivery such as cell-uptake, drug loading, drug release, and in vivo distribution will be examined in this article.
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257
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Therapeutic miRNA-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles: Current Approaches and Future Prospects. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102271. [PMID: 33050562 PMCID: PMC7601381 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–300 nm vesicles secreted by eukaryotic cells. They can carry cargo (including miRNA) from the donor cell to the recipient cell. miRNAs in EVs can change the translational profile of the recipient cell and modulate cellular morphology. This endogenous mechanism has attracted the attention of the drug-delivery community in the last few years. EVs can be enriched with exogenous therapeutic miRNAs and used for treatment of diseases by targeting pathological recipient cells. However, there are some obstacles that need to be addressed before introducing therapeutic miRNA-enriched EVs in clinics. Here, we focused on the progress in the field of therapeutic miRNA enriched EVs, highlighted important areas where research is needed, and discussed the potential to use them as therapeutic miRNA carriers in the future.
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258
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Shaban M, Hasanzadeh M. Biomedical applications of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS): recent progress and challenges. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37116-37133. [PMID: 35521236 PMCID: PMC9057131 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04388e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS), with multi-component and hierarchically complex structures, has recently been receiving significant attention in various fields of nano-biomedicine. DFNS is an emerging class of mesoporous nanoparticles that has attracted great interest due to unique structures such as open three-dimensional dendritic superstructures with large pore channels and highly accessible internal surface areas. This overview aims to study the application of DFNS towards biomedical investigations. This review is divided into four main sections. Sections 1–3 are related to the synthesis and characterization of DFNS. The biomedical potential of DFNS, such as cell therapy, gene therapy, immune therapy, drug delivery, imaging, photothermal therapy, bioanalysis, biocatalysis, and tissue engineering, is discussed based on advantages and limitations. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in terms of controlled synthesis and potential nano-biomedical applications towards future studies are discussed. Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) , with multi-component and hierarchically complex structures, has recently been receiving significant attention in various fields of nano-biomedicine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shaban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran .,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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259
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Anti-Tumor Effects of Exosomes Derived from Drug-Incubated Permanently Growing Human MSC. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197311. [PMID: 33023058 PMCID: PMC7582671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to growth-limited human primary cultures of mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC), the continuously proliferating human MSC544 cell line produced extracellular vesicles as characterized by expression of the tetraspanin molecules CD9, CD63, and CD81. Release of these particles was predominantly detectable during continuous cell growth of MSC544 in contrast to confluency-mediated transient growth arrest. For therapeutic use, these particles were isolated from proliferating MSC544 after taxol treatment and applied to different cancer cell cultures. A pronounced cytotoxicity of lung, ovarian, and breast cancer cells was observed primarily with taxol-loaded exosomes, similar to the effects displayed by application of taxol substance. While these findings suggested pronounced cancer cell targeting of MSC544 exosomes, a tumor therapeutic approach was performed using a mouse in vivo breast cancer model. Thus, intravenous injection of taxol-loaded MSC544 exosomes displayed superior tumor-reducing capabilities as compared to application of taxol exosomes by oral gavage. To broaden this therapeutic spectrum, epirubicin was applied to MSC544, and the derived exosomes likewise exhibited significant cytotoxic effects in different cancer cell cultures. These findings suggest an unlimited source for large-scale exosome production with reproducible quality to enable variable drug targeting of tumors or other diseases.
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260
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Kim KU, Kim WH, Jeong CH, Yi DY, Min H. More than Nutrition: Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7327. [PMID: 33023062 PMCID: PMC7582863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early infant growth and development. Breast-fed children are known to have a low prevalence and reduced risk of various diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroenteritis, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia. In recent years, HBM has been found to contain a microbiome, extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and microRNAs, as well as nutritional components and non-nutritional proteins, including immunoregulatory proteins, hormones, and growth factors. Especially, the milk-derived exosomes exert various physiological and therapeutic function in cell proliferation, inflammation, immunomodulation, and cancer, which are mainly attributed to their cargo molecules such as proteins and microRNAs. The exosomal miRNAs are protected from enzymatic digestion and acidic conditions, and play a critical role in immune regulation and cancer. In addition, the milk-derived exosomes are developed as drug carriers for delivering small molecules and siRNA to tumor sites. In this review, we examined the various components of HBM and their therapeutic potential, in particular of exosomes and microRNAs, towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Uk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Wan-Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Chi Hwan Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
| | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (K.-U.K.); (W.-H.K.); (C.H.J.)
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261
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Tao H, Xu H, Zuo L, Li C, Qiao G, Guo M, Zheng L, Leitgeb M, Lin X. Exosomes-coated bcl-2 siRNA inhibits the growth of digestive system tumors both in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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262
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Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6917-6934. [PMID: 33061359 PMCID: PMC7519827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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263
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Sherif AY, Harisa GI, Alanazi FK, Youssof AME. Engineering of Exosomes: Steps Towards Green Production of Drug Delivery System. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1537-1549. [PMID: 31309889 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190715104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of therapeutic agents to their specific site of action not only increases the treatment efficacy, but also reduces systemic toxicity. Therefore, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to achieve this target. However, most of those DDSs have several issues regarding biocompatibility and environmental hazard. In contrast to the synthetic DDSs, exosome-based natural carriers are biocompatible, biodegradable and safe for the environment. Since exosomes play a role in intercellular communication, they have been widely utilized as carriers for different therapeutic agents. This article was aimed to provide an overview of exosomes as an environment-friendly DDS in terms of engineering, isolation, characterization, application and limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M E Youssof
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sedykh S, Kuleshova A, Nevinsky G. Milk Exosomes: Perspective Agents for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6646. [PMID: 32932782 PMCID: PMC7555228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanovesicles that participate in intercellular communication by transferring biologically active chemical compounds (proteins, microRNA, mRNA, DNA, and others). Due to their small size (diameter 40-100 nm) and high biological compatibility, exosomes are promising delivery tools in personalized therapy. Because artificial exosome synthesis methods are not developed yet, the urgent task is to develop an effective and safe way to obtain exosomes from natural sources. Milk is the only exosome-containing biological fluid that is commercially available. In this regard, milk exosomes are unique and promising candidates for new therapeutic approaches to treating various diseases, including cancer. The appearance of side effects during the use of cytotoxic and cytostatic agents is among the main problems in cancer chemotherapy. According to this, the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can be a potential solution to the toxic effect of chemotherapy. The ability of milk exosomes to carry out biologically active substances to the cell makes them promising tools for oral delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. This review is devoted to the methods of milk exosome isolation, their biological components, and prospects for their use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna Kuleshova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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265
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Mehryab F, Rabbani S, Shahhosseini S, Shekari F, Fatahi Y, Baharvand H, Haeri A. Exosomes as a next-generation drug delivery system: An update on drug loading approaches, characterization, and clinical application challenges. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:42-62. [PMID: 32622055 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small nanoparticles secreted by almost all cells and have a well-known role in intercellular communication. They are found in different body fluids and can also be isolated from cell culture media. They contain a natural cargo including various protein and nucleic acid molecules originated from their donor cells. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as a desired drug delivery system. They are believed to provide a targeted delivery of drug molecules, supplemented with their natural function. Furthermore, they have a membranous structure similar to liposomes, and that motivated researchers to apply their previous experience of drug loading into liposomes for exosomes. Herein, we discuss applied methods for the encapsulation of different drugs into exosomes, parameters affecting the incorporation of drug molecules into exosomes, characterization techniques, recent achievements, commercialization challenges and the potential future developments of exosomal drugs. Overall, while the application of exosomes as a drug delivery system is still in its infancy, they are considered to be a new class of natural nanocarriers with great potential for clinical application. Understanding of their key formulation parameters, pharmaceutical properties, in vivo behavior and applicable scale-up production will pave their way to the market. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Details of loading methods, characterization and biopharmaceutical properties of drug-incorporated exosomes are presented. Most parameters affecting encapsulation of drugs into exosomes are mentioned to serve as a guide for future studies in this field. Moreover, challenges on the way of exosomes to the market and clinic are described.
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266
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Gholipour E, Sarvarian P, Samadi P, Talebi M, Movassaghpour A, Motavalli R, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Yousefi M. Exosome: From leukemia progression to a novel therapeutic approach in leukemia treatment. Biofactors 2020; 46:698-715. [PMID: 32797698 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, as small vesicles, are released by tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (cells and function as key intercellular mediators and effects on different processes including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion from immune system. These functions are due to exosomes' biomolecules which make them as efficient markers in early diagnosis of the disease. Also, exosomes have been recently applied in vaccination. The potential role of exosomes in immune response toward leukemic cells makes them efficient immunotherapeutic agents treating leukemia. Furthermore, variations in exosomes contents make them beneficial to be used in treating different diseases. This review introduces the role of exosomes in the development of hematological malignancies and evaluates their functional role in the treatment of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarvarian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Samadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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267
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Li S, Tang Y, Dou Y. The Potential of Milk-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:688-699. [PMID: 32807052 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200817112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, one of the extracellular vesicles, are widely present in all biological fluids and play an important role in intercellular communication. Due to their hydrophobic lipid bilayer and aqueous hydrophilic core structure, they are considered a possible alternative to liposome drug delivery systems. Not only do they protect the cargo like liposomes during delivery, but they are also less toxic and better tolerated. However, due to the lack of sources and methods for obtaining enough exosomes, the therapeutic application of exosomes as drug carriers is limited. METHODS A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect and PubMed electronic databases to obtain information from published literature on milk exosomes related to drug delivery. RESULTS Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge of exosomes, expounded the advantages of milk-derived exosomes over other delivery vectors, including higher yield, the oral delivery characteristic and additional therapeutic benefits. The purification and drug loading methods of milk exosomes, and the current application of milk exosomes were also introduced. CONCLUSION The emergence of milk-derived exosomes is expected to break through the limitations of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of drugs. We hope to raise awareness of the therapeutic potential of milk-derived exosomes as a new drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yushun Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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268
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Cabeza L, Perazzoli G, Peña M, Cepero A, Luque C, Melguizo C, Prados J. Cancer therapy based on extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release 2020; 327:296-315. [PMID: 32814093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles of nanometric size secreted by cells to communicate with other cells, either nearby or remotely. Their physicochemical properties make them a promising nanomedicine for drug transport and release in cancer therapy. In this review, we present the different types and biogenesis of EVs and highlight the importance of adequately selecting the cell of origin in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the main methodologies followed for the isolation of EVs and drug loading, as well as the modification and functionalization of these vesicles to generate EV-based nanocarriers are discussed. Finally, we review some of the main studies using drug-loaded exosomes in tumor therapy both in in vitro and in vivo models (even in resistant tumors). These investigations show promising results, achieving significant improvement in the antitumor effect of drugs in most cases. However, the number of clinical trials and patents based on these nanoformulations is still low, thus further research is still warranted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Peña
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Cepero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Luque
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolacion Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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269
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Shao S, Fang H, Li Q, Wang G. Extracellular vesicles in Inflammatory Skin Disorders: from Pathophysiology to Treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9937-9955. [PMID: 32929326 PMCID: PMC7481415 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally secreted by almost all known cell types into extracellular space, can transfer their bioactive cargos of nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells, mediating cell-cell communication. Thus, they participate in many pathogenic processes including immune regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, among others. Cumulative evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs on the initiation and progression of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In dermatology, recent studies indicate that EVs play key immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and wound healing. Importantly, EVs can be used as biomarkers of pathophysiological states and/or therapeutic agents, both as carriers of drugs or even as a drug by themselves. In this review, we will summarize current research advances of EVs from different cells and their implications in inflammatory skin disorders, and further discuss their future applications, updated techniques, and challenges in clinical translational medicine.
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270
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Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:144. [PMID: 32747657 PMCID: PMC7400738 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and molecular analysis of the biofluids of circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, and so forth. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes between 30–150 nm. They are secreted by multivesicular bodies through exocytosis in live cells and can participate in intercellular communication due to their contents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Herein, we investigate publication frequencies on exosomes over the past 10 years, and review recent clinical studies on liquid biopsy of exosomes in the fields of oncology, pregnancy disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantation. We also describe the advantages of exosomes as an effective liquid biopsy tool and the progression of exosome extraction methods. Finally, we depict the commercial development of exosome research and discuss the future role of exosomes in liquid biopsy.
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271
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Mutlu EC, Kaya Ö, Wood M, Mager I, Topkara KÇ, Çamsarı Ç, Birinci Yildirim A, Çetinkaya A, Acarel D, Odabaşı Bağcı J. Efficient Doxorubicin Loading to Isolated Dexosomes of Immature JAWSII Cells: Formulated and Characterized as the Bionanomaterial. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153344. [PMID: 32727156 PMCID: PMC7435586 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (IDc), 'dexosomes', are promising natural nanomaterials for cancer diagnose and therapy. Dexosomes were isolated purely from small-scale-up production by using t25-cell-culture flasks. Total RNA was measured as 1.43 ± 0.33 ng/106 cell. Despite the fact that they possessed a surface that is highly abundant in protein, this did not become a significant effect on the DOX loading amount. Ultrasonication was used for doxorubicin (DOX) loading into the IDc dexosomes. In accordance with the literature, three candidate DOX formulations were designed as IC50 values; dExoIII, 1.8 µg/mL, dExoII, 1.2 µg/mL, and dExoI, 0.6 µg/mL, respectively. Formulations were evaluated by MTT test against highly metastatic A549 (CCL-185; ATTC) cell line. Confocal images of unloaded (naïve) were obtained by CellMaskTM membrane staining before DOX loading. Although, dexosome membranes were highly durable subsequent to ultrasonication, it was observed that dexosomes could not be stable above 70 °C during the SEM-image analyses. dExoIII displayed sustained release profile. It was found that dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) results were in good agreement with each other. Zeta potentials of loaded dexosomes have approximately between -15 to -20 mV; and, their sizes are 150 nm even after ultrasonication. IDcJAWSII dexosomes can be able to be utilized as the "BioNanoMaterial" after DOX loading via ultrasonication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cansever Mutlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykent University, Sarıyer, 34398 Istanbul, Turkey
- Scientific Industrial and Technological Application and Research Center, BETUM, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Özge Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey;
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (M.W.); (I.M.)
| | - Imre Mager
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (M.W.); (I.M.)
| | - Kübra Çelik Topkara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey; (K.Ç.T.); (A.Ç.)
| | - Çağrı Çamsarı
- Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Center, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey;
| | - Arzu Birinci Yildirim
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 14030 Bolu, Turkey;
| | - Ayhan Çetinkaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey; (K.Ç.T.); (A.Ç.)
| | - Diğdem Acarel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykent University, Sarıyer, 34398 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Jale Odabaşı Bağcı
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey;
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272
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Zhou Q, Xie F, Zhou B, Li C, Kang Y, Wu B, Li L, Dai R. Fetal bovine serum-derived exosomes regulate the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a cross-species manner. Differentiation 2020; 115:11-21. [PMID: 32771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains a large number of exosomes which may disturb the analysis of exosomes derived from cultured cells. We investigated the effect of FBS-derived exosomes (FBS-Exos) on the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) and the underlying molecular mechanism. The uptake of FBS-Exos by hBM-MSCs could be detected by the laser confocal microscopy, and the treatment of exosomes resulted in the decreased lipid droplet formation and reduced expression of genes associated with adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs. miR-1246 was identified as an abundant microRNA in FBS-Exos by public sequencing data identification and RT-qPCR validation. Moreover, miR-1246 overexpression in hBM-MSCs led to decreased adipogenic differentiation level, while miR-1246 knockdown in FBS-Exos attenuated the inhibitory effect on the adipogenic differentiation. Our results indicate that FBS-Exos inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs in a cross-species manner and miR-1246 transferred by FBS-Exos partly contributes to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfei Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fen Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Ruchun Dai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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273
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Wan Z, Dong Y, Wei M, Gao X, Yang G, Zhang J, Liu L. Exosomes in Tumor Immunotherapy: Mediator, Drug Carrier, and Prognostic Biomarker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000061. [PMID: 32700829 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
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274
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Yang M, Liu X, Luo Q, Xu L, Chen F. An efficient method to isolate lemon derived extracellular vesicles for gastric cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:100. [PMID: 32690102 PMCID: PMC7370524 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have great potential for clinical applications. Ultracentrifugation, considered the gold standard method for the preparation of PDEVs, is efficacious but time-consuming and highly instrument-dependent. Thus, a rapid and handy method is needed to facilitate the basic researches and clinical applications of PDEVs. Results In this study, we combined electrophoretic technique with 300 kDa cut-off dialysis bag (named ELD) for the isolation of PDEVs, which was time-saving and needed no special equipment. Using ELD, lemon derived extracellular vesicles (LDEVs) could be isolated from lemon juice. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the method separated intact vesicles with a similar size and number to the standard method-ultracentrifugation. LDEVs caused the gastric cancer cell cycle S-phase arrest and induced cell apoptosis. The anticancer activities of LDEVs on gastric cancer cells were mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, LDEVs were safe and could be remained in gastrointestinal organs. Conclusions ELD was an efficient method for the isolation of LDEVs, and could be carried out in any routine biological laboratory as no special equipment needed. LDEVs exerted anticancer activities on gastric cancer, indicating the great potentials for clinical application as edible chemotherapeutics delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqiong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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275
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Kim YK, Choi Y, Nam GH, Kim IS. Functionalized exosome harboring bioactive molecules for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:155-162. [PMID: 32623071 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles with a lipid membrane that are secreted by most cells and play a crucial role as intermediates of intercellular communication because they carry bioactive molecules. Exosomes are promising for drug delivery of chemicals, proteins, and nucleic acids owing to their inherent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, high tumor targetability, and prolonged circulation in vivo. In this review, we cover recent approaches and advances made in the field of exosome-mediated delivery of bioactive molecules for cancer therapy and factors that affect the clinical use of exosomes. This review can be used as a guideline for further study in expanding the utility of therapeutic exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyoung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonjeong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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276
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Li D, Yao S, Zhou Z, Shi J, Huang Z, Wu Z. Hyaluronan decoration of milk exosomes directs tumor-specific delivery of doxorubicin. Carbohydr Res 2020; 493:108032. [PMID: 32417443 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Milk exosomes (mExo), similar to cell-derived exosomes, are emerging as promising nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutic molecules such as chemical drugs and siRNA, due to the excellent biocompatibility and low-cost production from bovine milk. However, additional modification remains required to apply milk exosomes for tumor-specific drug delivery. Here, we attempted to develop a novel strategy for directing doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded mExo to CD44-overexpressing tumor cells. Hyaluronan (HA), a CD44-specific ligand, was functionalized with an amphiphilic molecule DSPE-PEG2000, which enabled the spontaneous decoration of Dox-loaded mExo with HA onto the phospholipid bilayer. The obtained nanocarrier HA-mExo-Dox was shown to be able to selectively deliver Dox into cells with over-expressed CD44 instead of control cells and trigger the notable tumor cells death in the in vitro analysis. This study demonstrates the potential use of HA-displaying mExo for tumor cell-specific drug delivery and this strategy should prove to be feasible for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Surui Yao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214062, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214062, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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277
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Donoso-Quezada J, Ayala-Mar S, González-Valdez J. State-of-the-art exosome loading and functionalization techniques for enhanced therapeutics: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:804-820. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1785385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ayala-Mar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey, Mexico
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278
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Exosomes: Multiple-targeted multifunctional biological nanoparticles in the diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110442. [PMID: 32593129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanoparticles (30-150 nm) secreted in the extracellular area from all of cells, that mediate intercellular message. Exosomes act as the carriers for numerous proteins, DNAs, RNAs and cell-signaling molecules. Therefore, exosomes secreted by the tumor cells are useful for diagnostic purposes because of their persistent presence in the blood and their provision of genetic cargo similar to those in tumor. Due to the risks of aggressive activity and ambiguity of biological activity in other tissues, the use of exosomes in drug delivery and imaging has been limited. However, their high loading, stability and longer circulation time, excellent targeting, high cell penetration performance, and optimal biodegradability have made them potential agents in targeted cancer treatment. Therefore, in addition to examining methods for isolating and loading exosomes, this paper discusses the applications of exosomes in biological measurement, imaging, and therapeutic activities. Also, this review describes the challenges of using exosomes compared to conventional methods and shows that it is very useful to use them due to less aggressive activities. Finally, this review attempts to provide an appropriate incentive by showing the performance of exosomes in cancer therapy through targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging and diagnosis.
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279
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González MI, Martín-Duque P, Desco M, Salinas B. Radioactive Labeling of Milk-Derived Exosomes with 99mTc and In Vivo Tracking by SPECT Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061062. [PMID: 32486215 PMCID: PMC7352469 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, exosomes from diverse biological sources have been proposed as new natural platforms in drug delivery. Translation of these nanometric tools to clinical practice requires deep knowledge of their pharmacokinetic properties and biodistribution. The pharmacokinetic properties of exosomes are sometimes evaluated using biochemical and histological techniques that are considerably invasive. As an alternative, we present radiochemical labeling of milk-derived exosomes based on reduced 99mTc (IV) without modifying biological and physicochemical properties. This approach enables longitudinal tracking of natural exosomes by non-invasive single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and the evaluation of their pharmacokinetic properties according to the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel González
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.G.); (B.S.)
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín-Duque
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS/IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.G.); (B.S.)
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz Salinas
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (M.I.G.); (B.S.)
- Unidad de Imagen Avanzada, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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280
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Matic S, D’Souza DH, Wu T, Pangloli P, Dia VP. Bovine Milk Exosomes Affect Proliferation and Protect Macrophages against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:711-725. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1769647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Matic
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Doris H. D’Souza
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philipus Pangloli
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vermont P. Dia
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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281
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Sanwlani R, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, Mathivanan S. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inter-Organism, Cross-Species Communication and Drug Delivery. Proteomes 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32414045 PMCID: PMC7356197 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is considered as more than a source of nutrition for infants and is a vector involved in the transfer of bioactive compounds and cells. Milk contains abundant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may originate from multiple cellular sources. These nanosized vesicles have been well characterized and are known to carry a diverse cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biomolecules. Milk-derived EVs have been demonstrated to survive harsh and degrading conditions in gut, taken up by various cell types, cross biological barriers and reach peripheral tissues. The cargo carried by these dietary EVs has been suggested to have a role in cell growth, development, immune modulation and regulation. Hence, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of milk-derived EVs in mediating inter-organismal and cross-species communication. Furthermore, various attributes such as it being a natural source, as well as its abundance, scalability, economic viability and lack of unwarranted immunologic reactions, has generated significant interest in deploying milk-derived EVs for clinical applications such as drug delivery and disease therapy. In this review, the role of milk-derived EVs in inter-organismal, cross-species communication and in drug delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.S.); (P.F.); (S.V.C.)
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282
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Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Extracellular Vesicle- and Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics-Based Drug Delivery Systems: New Perspectives, Challenges, and Clinical Developments. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050442. [PMID: 32403320 PMCID: PMC7284431 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-based nanovesicles naturally released from cells. Extracellular vesicles mimetics (EVMs) are artificial vesicles engineered from cells or in combination with lipid materials, and they mimic certain characteristics of EVs. As such, EVs facilitate intracellular communication by carrying and delivering biological materials, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and they have been found to find organ tropism in preclinical studies. Because of their native structure and characteristics, they are considered promising drug carriers for future clinical use. This review outlines the origin and composition of natural EVs and EVM engineering and internalization. It then details different loading approaches, with examples of the drug delivery of therapeutic molecules. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of loading drugs into EVs or EVMs as a drug delivery system are discussed. Finally, the advantages of EVMs over EVs and the future clinical translation of EVM-based drug delivery platforms are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5583; Fax: +82-53-422-0864
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283
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Munir J, Lee M, Ryu S. Exosomes in Food: Health Benefits and Clinical Relevance in Diseases. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:687-696. [PMID: 31796948 PMCID: PMC7231590 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound organelles generally secreted by eukaryotic cells that contain mRNAs, microRNAs, and/or proteins. However, recent studies have reported the isolation of these particles from foods such as lemon, ginger, and milk. Owing to their absorption by intestinal cells and further travel via the bloodstream, exosomes can reach distant organs and affect overall health in both infants and adults. The potential role of food-derived exosomes (FDEs) in alleviating diseases, as well as in modulating the gut microbiota has been shown, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Moreover, exosomes may provide biocompatible vehicles for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin. Thus, exosomes may allow medical nutritionists and clinicians to develop safe and targeted therapies for the treatment of various pathologies. The present review introduces FDEs and their contents, highlights their role in disease and infant/adult health, and explores their potential use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihye Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bioscience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
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284
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Alharbi M, Sharma S, Guanzon D, Lai A, Zuñiga F, Shiddiky MJA, Yamauchi Y, Salas-Burgos A, He Y, Pejovic T, Winters C, Morgan T, Perrin L, Hooper JD, Salomon C. miRNa signature in small extracellular vesicles and their association with platinum resistance and cancer recurrence in ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102207. [PMID: 32334098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboplatin, administered as a single drug or in combination with paclitaxel, is the standard chemotherapy treatment for patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs associated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) participate in the development of chemoresistance. We studied the effect of carboplatin in a heterogeneity population of OVCA cells and their derived sEVs to identify mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. sEVs were quantified using an engineered superparamagnetic material, gold-loaded ferric oxide nanotubes and a screen-printed electrode. miR-21-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-891-5p are enriched in sEVs, and they contribute to carboplatin resistance in OVCA. Using a quantitative MS/MS, miR-21-5p activates glycolysis and increases the expression of ATP-binding cassette family and a detoxification enzyme. miR-21-3p and miR-891-5p increase the expression of proteins involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, the levels of miR-891-5p within sEVs are significantly higher in patients at risk of ovarian cancer relapse. Identification of miRNAs in sEVs also provides the opportunity to track them in biological fluids to potentially determine patient response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alharbi
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felipe Zuñiga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carmen Winters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pathology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lewis Perrin
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA.
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285
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Geng X, Lin X, Zhang Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Fang C, Wang H. Exosomal circular RNA sorting mechanisms and their function in promoting or inhibiting cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3369-3380. [PMID: 32269609 PMCID: PMC7114721 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles that can be artificially engineered into vectors for the treatment of cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, has crucial regulatory functions in various aspects of cancer, such as tumorigenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemo- and radiotherapeutic resistance, as well as in cancer prognosis. Notably, the exosomal transfer of circRNAs may function to both promote and inhibit cancer. Numerous studies have addressed the importance of circRNAs in cancer and non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in exosomes. However, little research has focussed on a class of RNAs called exosomal circRNAs. The present review discusses current studies regarding exosomal circRNAs, including their biogenesis and biological functions, their abundance in exosomes and possible sorting mechanisms and their potential roles in both promoting and inhibiting cancer. It is predicted that in the next five years there will be increasing research exploring the functional mechanisms of exosomal circRNA in various diseases, in particular their roles in cancer genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchao Geng
- Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Faculty of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Faculty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
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286
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Carobolante G, Mantaj J, Ferrari E, Vllasaliu D. Cow Milk and Intestinal Epithelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles as Systems for Enhancing Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E226. [PMID: 32143503 PMCID: PMC7150822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion is the preferred way for drug administration. However, many drugs have poor oral bioavailability, warranting the use of injections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cow milk have shown potential utility in improving oral drug bioavailability. However, EVs produced by intestinal epithelial cells have not been investigated for this application. We compared the capacity of cow milk EVs and intestinal epithelial cell-derived counterparts to enhance oral drug bioavailability. EVs were isolated, fluorescently labelled, and loaded with curcumin (CUR) as a model poorly absorbable drug. These were then characterised before testing in an intestinal model (Caco-2). Epithelial cell-derived EVs showed notably higher cell uptake compared to cow milk EVs. Cell uptake was significantly higher in differentiated compared to undifferentiated cells for both types of EVs. While both milk- and cell-derived EVs improved the cell uptake and intestinal permeability of CUR (confirming oral drug bioavailability enhancement potential), epithelial cell EVs demonstrated a superior effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carobolante
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di PADOVA, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Mantaj
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
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287
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Kirchner B, Buschmann D, Paul V, Pfaffl MW. Postprandial transfer of colostral extracellular vesicles and their protein and miRNA cargo in neonatal calves. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229606. [PMID: 32109241 PMCID: PMC7048281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are key regulators of intercellular communication that can be found in almost all bio fluids. Although studies in the last decade have made great headway in discerning the role of EVs in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, the bioavailability and impact of dietary EVs and their cargo still remain to be elucidated. Due to its widespread consumption and high content of EV-associated microRNAs and proteins, a major focus in this field has been set on EVs in bovine milk and colostrum. Despite promising in vitro studies in recent years that show high resiliency of milk EVs to degradation and uptake of milk EV cargo in a variety of intestinal and blood cell types, in vivo experiments continue to be inconclusive and sometimes outright contradictive. To resolve this discrepancy, we assessed the potential postprandial transfer of colostral EVs to the circulation of newborn calves by analysing colostrum-specific protein and miRNAs, including specific isoforms (isomiRs) in cells, EV isolations and unfractionated samples from blood and colostrum. Our findings reveal distinct populations of EVs in colostrum and blood from cows that can be clearly separated by density, particle concentration and protein content (BTN1A1, MFGE8). Postprandial blood samples of calves show a time-dependent increase in EVs that share morphological and protein characteristics of colostral EVs. Analysis of miRNA expression profiles by Next-Generation Sequencing gave a different picture however. Although significant postprandial expression changes could only be detected for calf EV samples, expression profiles show very limited overlap with highly expressed miRNAs in colostral EVs or colostrum in general. Taken together our results indicate a selective uptake of membrane-associated protein cargo but not luminal miRNAs from colostral EVs into the circulation of neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vijay Paul
- National Research Centre on Yak, ICAR, Dirang, India
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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288
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Surman M, Drożdż A, Stępień E, Przybyło M. Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems - Methods of Production and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:132-154. [PMID: 30848183 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190306153318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are created to achieve the desired therapeutic effect of a specific pharmaceutical compound. Numerous drawbacks and side effects such as unfavorable pharmacokinetics, lack of tissue selectivity, immunogenicity, increased systemic clearance and toxicity, have been observed for currently available drug delivery systems (DDSs). The use of natural and artificial extracellular vesicles (EVs) in drug delivery may help to solve the aforementioned problems faced by different DDSs. Due to their self-origin, small size, flexibility, the presence of multiple adhesive molecules on their surfaces as well as their function as biomolecules carriers, EVs are the perfect candidates for DDSs. Currently, several drug delivery systems based on EVs have been proposed. While the great potential of these particles in targeted drug delivery has been recognized in cancer, hepatitis C, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory states etc., this field is still in the early stage of development. Unfortunately, the use of EVs from natural sources (cell cultures, body fluids) results in numerous problems in terms of the heterogeneity of isolated vesicle population as well as the method of isolation thereof, which may influence vesicle composition and properties. Therefore, there is a significant need for the synthesis of artificial EV-based DDSs under strictly controlled laboratory conditions and from well-defined biomolecules (proteins and lipids). Vesicle-mimetic delivery systems, characterized by properties similar to natural EVs, will bring new opportunities to study the mechanisms of DDS internalization and their biological activity after delivering their cargo to a target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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289
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Brown BA, Zeng X, Todd AR, Barnes LF, Winstone JMA, Trinidad JC, Novotny MV, Jarrold MF, Clemmer DE. Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Exosomes and other Extracellular Particles Enriched from Bovine Milk. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3285-3292. [PMID: 31989813 PMCID: PMC7236431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The masses of particles in a bovine milk extracellular vesicle (EV) preparation enriched for exosomes were directly determined for the first time by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS). In CDMS, both the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and z are determined simultaneously for individual particles, enabling mass determinations for particles that are far beyond the mass limit (∼1.0 MDa) of conventional mass spectrometry (MS). Particle masses and charges span a wide range from m ∼ 2 to ∼90 MDa and z ∼ 50 to ∼1300 e (elementary charges) and are highly dependent upon the conditions used to extract and isolate the EVs. EV particles span a continuum of masses, reflecting the highly heterogeneous nature of these samples. However, evidence for unique populations of particles is obtained from correlation of the charges and masses. An analysis that uses a two-dimensional Gaussian model, provides evidence for six families of particles, four of which having masses in the range expected for exosomes. Complementary proteomics measurements and electron microscopy (EM) imaging are used to further characterize the EVs and confirm that these samples have been enriched in exosomes. The ability to characterize such extremely heterogeneous mixtures of large particles with rapid, sensitive, and high-resolution MS techniques is critical to ongoing analytical efforts to separate and purify exosomes and exosome subpopulations. Direct measurement of each particle's mass and charge is a new means of characterizing the physical and chemical properties of exosomes and other EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Xuyao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Aaron R Todd
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Lauren F Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Jonathan M A Winstone
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47505 , United States
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290
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Exosomes for Diagnosis and Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010367. [PMID: 31935918 PMCID: PMC6981923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by most cells, having a size ranging from 30 to 150 nm, and are involved in mechanisms of cell-cell communication in physiological and pathological tissues. Exosomes are engaged in the transport of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, and microRNA, and in signal transmission through the intercellular transfer of components. In the context of proteins and nucleic acids transported from exosomes, our interest is focused on the Frizzled proteins family and related messenger RNA. Exosomes can regenerate stem cell phenotypes and convert them into cancer stem cells by regulating the Wnt pathway receptor family, namely Frizzled proteins. In particular, for gastrointestinal cancers, the Frizzled protein involved in those mechanisms is Frizzled-10 (FZD-10). Currently, increasing attention is being devoted to the protein and lipid composition of exosomes interior and membranes, representing profound knowledge of specific exosomes composition fundamental for their application as new delivering drug tools for cancer therapy. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the use of exosome vesicles for early diagnosis, follow-up, and the use of these physiological nanovectors as drug delivery systems for gastrointestinal cancer therapy.
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291
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Zhang Q, Xiao Q, Yin H, Xia C, Pu Y, He Z, Hu Q, Wang J, Wang Y. Milk-exosome based pH/light sensitive drug system to enhance anticancer activity against oral squamous cell carcinoma. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28314-28323. [PMID: 35519132 PMCID: PMC9055635 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A multimodal drug delivery system targeting the tumor microenvironment is an inspiring method for treating cancer tissues, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Such approaches require an efficient and safe drug carrier. Bovine milk derived exosomes are ideal because the source is adequate and have advantages of both synthetic and cell-mediated nano carriers. In the present study, we developed a pH/light sensitive drug system based on milk-exosomes for OSCC therapy. It was called exosome–doxorubicin–anthracene endoperoxide derivative (Exo@Dox–EPT1, NPs). Milk-exosomes were conjugated to doxorubicin (Dox) by a pH-cleavable bond, which can rapture under an acidic microenvironment. Besides, endoperoxides and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were also loaded and the endoperoxides undergo thermal cycloreversion and release singlet oxygen to kill cancer cells. We have also investigated the body distribution, antitumor effects, and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. The new milk-exosome-based drug delivery system showed controlled drug-release, biocompatibility and, proved to be effective in treating OSCC. A multimodal drug delivery system targeting the tumor microenvironment is an inspiring method for treating cancer tissues, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Honglin Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Chengwan Xia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yumei Pu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jianquan Wang
- School of Medical Imaging
- Bengbu Medical College
- Bengbu
- China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital
- Medical School of Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
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292
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Susa F, Limongi T, Dumontel B, Vighetto V, Cauda V. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1979. [PMID: 31835327 PMCID: PMC6966613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (F.S.); (T.L.); (B.D.); (V.V.)
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293
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Mudd AM, Gu T, Munagala R, Jeyabalan J, Egilmez NK, Gupta RC. Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Anthocyanidins and Mitigation of Metabolic Shifts Induced by Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:41-52. [PMID: 31796466 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fat, smoking, as well as exposure to environmental pollutants and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Much progress has been made in combating colorectal cancer. However, options for chemoprevention from environmental insult and dysbiosis of gut microbiota remain elusive. We investigated the influence of berry-derived anthocyanidins (Anthos), with and without encapsulating them in bovine milk-derived exosomes (ExoAnthos), on the chemoprevention of bacteria-driven colon tumor development. Anthos and ExoAnthos treatment of colon cancer cells showed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability. Calculated selectivity index (SI) values for Anthos and ExoAnthos suggest that both treatments selectively targeted cancer over normal colon cells. In addition, ExoAnthos treatment yielded higher SI values than Anthos. Anthos and ExoAnthos treatment of ApcMin/+ mice inoculated with enterotoxigenic Bacteriodes fragilis (ETBF) bacteria led to significant decreases in colon tumor numbers over mice receiving vehicle treatments. Western blot analysis of normal colon, colon tumor, and liver tissue lysates showed that mice inoculated with ETBF featured increased expression of phase I enzymes in normal colon tissue and decreased expression of phase II enzymes in liver tissue. Treatment with the Anthos and ExoAnthos reverted the modulation of phase I and phase II enzymes, respectively; no significant changes in phase II enzyme expression occurred in colon tumor tissue. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with the ubiquitous carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) led to similar modulation of phase I and II enzymes, which was partially mitigated by treatment with Anthos. These results provide a promising outlook on the impact of berry Anthos for prevention and treatment of bacteria- and B[a]P-driven colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Mudd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Radha Munagala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Nejat K Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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294
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Wu D, Kittana H, Shu J, Kachman SD, Cui J, Ramer-Tait AE, Zempleni J. Dietary Depletion of Milk Exosomes and Their MicroRNA Cargos Elicits a Depletion of miR-200a-3p and Elevated Intestinal Inflammation and Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 9 Expression in Mdr1a-/- Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz122. [PMID: 32154493 PMCID: PMC7053579 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes transfer regulatory microRNAs (miRs) from donor cells to recipient cells. Exosomes and miRs originate from both endogenous synthesis and dietary sources such as milk. miR-200a-3p is a negative regulator of the proinflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). Male Mdr1a-/- mice spontaneously develop clinical signs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES We assessed whether dietary depletion of exosomes and miRs alters the severity of IBD in Mdr1a-/- mice owing to aberrant regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS Starting at 5 wk of age, 16 male Mdr1a-/- mice were fed either milk exosome- and RNA-sufficient (ERS) or milk exosome- and RNA-depleted (ERD) diets. The ERD diet is characterized by a near-complete depletion of miRs and a 60% loss of exosome bioavailability compared with ERS. Mice were killed when their weight loss exceeded 15% of peak body weight. Severity of IBD was assessed by histopathological evaluation of cecum. Serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations and mRNA and miR tissue expression were analyzed by multiplex ELISAs, RNA-sequencing analysis, and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Stromal collapse, gland hyperplasia, and additive microscopic disease scores were (mean ± SD) 56.7% ± 23.3%, 23.5% ± 11.8%, and 29.6% ± 8.2% lower, respectively, in ceca of ERS mice than of ERD mice (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of CXCL9 was 35.0% ± 31.0% lower in ERS mice than in ERD mice (P < 0.05). Eighty-seven mRNAs were differentially expressed in the ceca from ERS and ERD mice; 16 of these mRNAs are implicated in immune function. The concentrations of 4 and 1 out of 5 miRs assessed (including miR-200a-3p) were ≤63% lower in livers and ceca, respectively, from ERD mice than from ERS mice. CONCLUSIONS Milk exosome and miR depletion exacerbates cecal inflammation in Mdr1a-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jiang Shu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Stephen D Kachman
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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295
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Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Jin YS, Li SM, Bago JR, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV. Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Therapy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:487-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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296
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Zhang YF, Shi JB, Li C. Small extracellular vesicle loading systems in cancer therapy: Current status and the way forward. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1122-1136. [PMID: 31699595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is a conventional and important strategy for inhibition of cancer progression, but it is usually accompanied by various adverse effects. Targeting drug delivery systems, effective tools to avoid the adverse effects of chemotherapy, have been intensively studied and developed. Recently, the emerging application of exosomes and exosome-mimics (small extracellular vesicles [sEVs]) in targeted drug delivery and therapeutics has been widely appreciated. The sEVs-based delivery system comprises three basic components: vesicles, cargoes and surface decorations. In this article, we review the current status, existing challenges and future directions in this field from the following aspects: selection and production of vesicles; cargoes and methods to load them into vesicles; modifications to the surfaces of vesicles; as well as ways to prolong the half-life of sEVs in the circulation. Existing and emerging data indicate that sEVs are promising nanocarriers for clinical use, but additional efforts are needed to translate research findings into therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Bo Shi
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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297
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Hu X, Yang G, Chen S, Luo S, Zhang J. Biomimetic and bioinspired strategies for oral drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:1020-1044. [PMID: 31621709 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery remains the most preferred approach due to its multiple advantages. Recently there has been increasing interest in the development of advanced vehicles for oral delivery of different therapeutics. Among them, biomimetic and bioinspired strategies are emerging as novel approaches that are promising for addressing biological barriers encountered by traditional drug delivery systems. Herein we provide a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of biomimetic particulate oral delivery systems. Different biomimetic nanoparticles used for oral drug delivery are first discussed, mainly including ligand/antibody-functionalized nanoparticles, transporter-mediated nanoplatforms, and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Then we describe bacteria-derived biomimetic systems, with respect to oral delivery of therapeutic proteins or antigens. Subsequently, yeast-derived oral delivery systems, based on either chemical engineering or bioengineering approaches are discussed, with emphasis on the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as oral vaccination. Finally, bioengineered plant cells are introduced for oral delivery of biological agents. A future perspective is also provided to highlight the existing challenges and possible resolution toward clinical translation of currently developed biomimetic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. and The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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298
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Walker S, Busatto S, Pham A, Tian M, Suh A, Carson K, Quintero A, Lafrence M, Malik H, Santana MX, Wolfram J. Extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:8001-8017. [PMID: 31754377 PMCID: PMC6857056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular communication by serving as delivery vehicles for a wide range of endogenous cargo molecules, such as RNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. EVs have also been found to display tissue tropism mediated by surface molecules, such as integrins and glycans, making them promising for drug delivery applications. Various methods can be used to load therapeutic agents into EVs, and additional modification strategies have been employed to prolong circulation and improve targeting. This review gives an overview of EV-based drug delivery strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Walker
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Pham
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Annie Suh
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kelsey Carson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Astrid Quintero
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Maria Lafrence
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hanna Malik
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Moises X. Santana
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Transplantation/Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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299
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Mohammadi S, Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, Movahedpour A, Mahjoubin Tehran M, Shafiee A, Moradizarmehri S, Hajighadimi S, Savardashtaki A, Mirzaei H. Exosomes and cancer: From oncogenic roles to therapeutic applications. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:724-748. [PMID: 31618516 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes belong to extracellular vehicles that were produced and secreted from most eukaryotic cells and are involved in cell-to-cell communications. They are an effective delivery system for biological compounds such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, saccharides, and other physiological compounds to target cells. In this way, they could influence on cellular pathways and mediate their physiological behaviors including cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and so on. Many research studies focused on their role in cancers and also on potentially therapeutic and biomarker applications. In the current study, we reviewed the exosomes' effects on cancer progression based on their cargoes including miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, DNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and lipids. Moreover, their therapeutic roles in cancer were considered. In this regard, we have given a brief overview of challenges and obstacles in using exosomes as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Shafiee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanaz Moradizarmehri
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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300
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Benmoussa A, Diallo I, Salem M, Michel S, Gilbert C, Sévigny J, Provost P. Concentrates of two subsets of extracellular vesicles from cow's milk modulate symptoms and inflammation in experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14661. [PMID: 31601878 PMCID: PMC6787204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cell-to-cell communication and modulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes. EVs are found in large quantities in milk and contain several inflammation- and immunity-modulating proteins and microRNAs, through which they exert beneficial effects in several inflammatory disease models. Here, we investigated the effects of two EV subsets, concentrated from commercial cow's milk, on a murine model of colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). P35K EVs, isolated by ultracentrifugation at 35,000 g, and P100K EVs, isolated at 100,000 g, were previously characterized and administered by gavage to healthy and DSS-treated mice. P35K EVs and, to a lesser extent, P100K EVs improved several outcomes associated to DSS-induced colitis, modulated the gut microbiota, restored intestinal impermeability and replenished mucin secretion. Also, P35K EVs modulated innate immunity, while P100K EVs decreased inflammation through the downregulation of colitis-associated microRNAs, especially miR-125b, associated with a higher expression of the NFκB inhibitor TNFAIP3 (A20). These results suggest that different milk EV subsets may improve colitis outcomes through different, and possibly complementary, mechanisms. Further unveiling of these mechanisms might offer new opportunities for improving the life of patients with colitis and be of importance for milk processing, infant milk formulation and general public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benmoussa
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Idrissa Diallo
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mabrouka Salem
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sara Michel
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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