251
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Bugel SM, Tanguay RL. Multidimensional chemobehavior analysis of flavonoids and neuroactive compounds in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 344:23-34. [PMID: 29499247 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative analysis of complex behavioral phenotypes is valuable as a reductionist tool for both drug discovery and defining chemical bioactivity. Flavonoids are a diverse class of chemicals that elicit robust neuroactive and hormonal actions, though bioactivity information is limited for many, particularly for neurobehavioral endpoints. Here, we used a zebrafish larval chemomotor response (LCR) bioassay to comparatively evaluate a suite of 24 flavonoids, and in addition a panel of 30 model neuroactive compounds representing diverse modes of action (e.g. caffeine, chlorpyrifos, methamphetamine, nicotine, picrotoxin). Naïve larval zebrafish were exposed to concentration ranges of each compound at 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf) and locomotor activity measured for 5 h. The model neuroactive compounds were largely behaviorally bioactive (20 of 30) with most effects phenotypic of their known modes of action. Flavonoids rapidly and broadly elicited hyperactive locomotor effects (22 of 24). Multidimensional analyses compared responses over time and identified three distinct bioactive groups of flavonoids based on efficacy and potency. Using GABAergics to modulate hyperactive responses, two flavonoids, (S)-equol and kaempferol were tested for GABAA receptor antagonism, as well as a known GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin. Pharmacological intervention with positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor, alfaxalone and chlormethiazole, ameliorated the hyperactive response to picrotoxin, but not for (S)-equol or kaempferol. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that flavonoids are differentially bioactive and that the chemobehavioral effects likely do not involve a GABAA receptor mediated mode of action. Overall, the integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for comparatively evaluating high-content chemobehavioral data for sets of structurally- and mechanistically-related flavonoids and neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States.
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252
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Choo BKM, Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Hue SM, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf Extract Affects TNF-α and Seizures in a Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29527169 PMCID: PMC5829632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures result from abnormal brain activity and can affect motor, autonomic and sensory function; as well as, memory, cognition, behavior, or emotional state. Effective anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available but have tolerability issues due to their side effects. The Malaysian herb Orthosiphon stamineus, is a traditional epilepsy remedy and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenging abilities, all of which are known to protect against seizures. This experiment thus aimed to explore if an ethanolic leaf extract of O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures in a zebrafish model; and the effects of the extract on the expression levels of several genes in the zebrafish brain which are associated with seizures. The results of this study indicate that O. stamineus has the potential to be a novel symptomatic treatment for epileptic seizures as it is pharmacologically active against seizures in a zebrafish model. The anti-convulsive effect of this extract is also comparable to that of diazepam at higher doses and can surpass diazepam in certain cases. Treatment with the extract also counteracts the upregulation of NF-κB, NPY and TNF-α as a result of a Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) treated seizure. The anti-convulsive action for this extract could be at least partially due to its downregulation of TNF-α. Future work could include the discovery of the active anti-convulsive compound, as well as determine if the extract does not cause cognitive impairment in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Kar Meng Choo
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Seow-Mun Hue
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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253
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Micronization potentiates curcumin's anti-seizure effect and brings an important advance in epilepsy treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2645. [PMID: 29422541 PMCID: PMC5805781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, and current antiepileptic drugs fail to suppress seizure occurrence in around one third of epileptic patients. Curcumin is a phytochemical with promising effects on epilepsy treatment. However, its application has been hindered by its low bioavailability. In order to improve curcumin’s anti-seizure properties, increasing its bioavailability, here we proposed to micronize the compound through supercritical carbon dioxide processing, a suitable green chemistry technique to prepare and modify material properties. Here we investigated the anti-seizure potential of the classical antiepileptic drug valproate, curcumin in its natural state, and micronized curcumin in a PTZ-induced seizure model in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Concerning seizure development, valproate, curcumin and micronized curcumin showed protective effects, slowing seizure development both in larvae and adult animals. Nevertheless, considering the occurrence of the tonic-clonic seizure stage, only valproate and micronized curcumin reduced it, both in larvae and adult zebrafish, unlike non-processed curcumin. Our obtained results are very promising, since micronized curcumin showed effects that are similar to a classic antiepileptic drug, reducing seizure occurrence and slowing seizure progression.
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254
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Gastrodin Suppresses Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Progression by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:904-917. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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255
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Shams S, Rihel J, Ortiz JG, Gerlai R. The zebrafish as a promising tool for modeling human brain disorders: A review based upon an IBNS Symposium. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:176-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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256
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Wang K, Chen X, Liu J, Zou LP, Feng W, Cai L, Wu X, Chen SY. Embryonic exposure to ethanol increases the susceptibility of larval zebrafish to chemically induced seizures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1845. [PMID: 29382872 PMCID: PMC5789864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure is known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders. While high prevalence of epilepsy is observed among the children whose mothers abused alcohol during pregnancy, the results from animal studies are conflicting. Here, we investigated whether embryonic exposure to ethanol can increase the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in larval zebrafish. Embryos at 3 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to ethanol at the concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1% for 21 hours. Control and ethanol-exposed larvae were challenged with PTZ at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 15 mM. The seizure behavior of larvae was recorded and analyzed using EthoVision XT 11. We found that embryonic ethanol exposure increased the percentage of larvae exhibiting typical stage II and III seizure and resulted in a significant reduction in stage I, II and III seizure latency in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. Embryonic exposure to ethanol also significantly increased the severity of PTZ-induced seizures in larvae, as demonstrated by increased total distance traveled and the duration of mobility. This is the first demonstration that ethanol exposure during early embryonic stage can reduce the threshold for chemically induced seizures and increase the severity of seizure behavior in larval fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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257
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McCammon JM, Blaker-Lee A, Chen X, Sive H. The 16p11.2 homologs fam57ba and doc2a generate certain brain and body phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3699-3712. [PMID: 28934389 PMCID: PMC5886277 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the 16p11.2 CNV affects 25 core genes and is associated with multiple symptoms affecting brain and body, including seizures, hyperactivity, macrocephaly, and obesity. Available data suggest that most symptoms are controlled by haploinsufficiency of two or more 16p11.2 genes. To identify interacting 16p11.2 genes, we used a pairwise partial loss of function antisense screen for embryonic brain morphology, using the accessible zebrafish model. fam57ba, encoding a ceramide synthase, was identified as interacting with the doc2a gene, encoding a calcium-sensitive exocytosis regulator, a genetic interaction not previously described. Using genetic mutants, we demonstrated that doc2a+/− fam57ba+/− double heterozygotes show hyperactivity and increased seizure susceptibility relative to wild-type or single doc2a−/− or fam57ba−/− mutants. Additionally, doc2a+/− fam57ba+/− double heterozygotes demonstrate the increased body length and head size. Single doc2a+/− and fam57ba+/− heterozygotes do not show a body size increase; however, fam57ba−/− homozygous mutants show a strongly increased head size and body length, suggesting a greater contribution from fam57ba to the haploinsufficient interaction between doc2a and fam57ba. The doc2a+/− fam57ba+/− interaction has not been reported before, nor has any 16p11.2 gene previously been linked to increased body size. These findings demonstrate that one pair of 16p11.2 homologs can regulate both brain and body phenotypes that are reflective of those in people with 16p11.2 deletion. Together, these findings suggest that dysregulation of ceramide pathways and calcium sensitive exocytosis underlies seizures and large body size associated with 16p11.2 homologs in zebrafish. The data inform consideration of mechanisms underlying human 16p11.2 deletion symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Blaker-Lee
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hazel Sive
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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258
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Eimon PM, Ghannad-Rezaie M, De Rienzo G, Allalou A, Wu Y, Gao M, Roy A, Skolnick J, Yanik MF. Brain activity patterns in high-throughput electrophysiology screen predict both drug efficacies and side effects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:219. [PMID: 29335539 PMCID: PMC5768723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological drugs are often associated with serious side effects, yet drug screens typically focus only on efficacy. We demonstrate a novel paradigm utilizing high-throughput in vivo electrophysiology and brain activity patterns (BAPs). A platform with high sensitivity records local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from many zebrafish larvae over extended periods. We show that BAPs from larvae experiencing epileptic seizures or drug-induced side effects have substantially reduced complexity (entropy), similar to reduced LFP complexity observed in Parkinson’s disease. To determine whether drugs that enhance BAP complexity produces positive outcomes, we used light pulses to trigger seizures in a model of Dravet syndrome, an intractable genetic epilepsy. The highest-ranked compounds identified by BAP analysis exhibit far greater anti-seizure efficacy and fewer side effects during subsequent in-depth behavioral assessment. This high correlation with behavioral outcomes illustrates the power of brain activity pattern-based screens and identifies novel therapeutic candidates with minimal side effects. One challenge in drug screening for neurological disorders is how to accurately capture disease pathology and side effects. Here, the authors developed a multi-channel recording platform based on a zebrafish genetic model of epilepsy to screen for antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Eimon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mostafa Ghannad-Rezaie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,UZH/ETH Irchel Campus, Y17-L76, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca De Rienzo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Intellimedix, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Axcella Health, 840 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amin Allalou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuelong Wu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mu Gao
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Room 2151, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ambrish Roy
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Room 2151, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Room 2151, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mehmet Fatih Yanik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,UZH/ETH Irchel Campus, Y17-L76, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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259
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Transient Disruption of Adenosine Signaling During Embryogenesis Triggers a Pro-epileptic Phenotype in Adult Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6547-6557. [PMID: 29327202 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosinergic signaling has important effects on brain function, anatomy, and physiology in both late and early stages of development. Exposure to caffeine, a non-specific blocker of adenosine receptor, has been indicated as a developmental risk factor. Disruption of adenosinergic signaling during early stages of development can change the normal neural network formation and possibly lead to an increase in susceptibility to seizures. In this work, morpholinos (MO) temporarily blocked the translation of adenosine receptor transcripts, adora1, adora2aa, and adora2ab, during the embryonic phase of zebrafish. It was observed that the block of adora2aa and adora2aa + adora2ab transcripts increased the mortality rate and caused high rate of malformations. To test the susceptibility of MO adora1, MO adora2aa, MO adora2ab, and MO adora2aa + adora2ab animals to seizure, pentylenetetrazole (10 mM) was used as a convulsant agent in larval and adult stages of zebrafish development. Although no MO promoted significant differences in latency time to reach the seizures stages in 7-day-old larvae, during the adult stage, all MO animals showed a decrease in the latency time to reach stages III, IV, and V of seizure. These results indicated that transient interventions in the adenosinergic signaling through high affinity adenosine receptors during embryonic development promote strong outcomes on survival and morphology. Additionally, long-term effects on neural development can lead to permanent impairment on neural signaling resulting in increased susceptibility to seizure.
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260
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Fontana BD, Mezzomo NJ, Kalueff AV, Rosemberg DB. The developing utility of zebrafish models of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: A critical review. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:157-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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261
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Zheng YM, Chen B, Jiang JD, Zhang JP. Syntaxin 1B Mediates Berberine's Roles in Epilepsy-Like Behavior in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Zebrafish Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:378. [PMID: 30534049 PMCID: PMC6275243 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neuronal dysfunction syndrome characterized by transient and diffusely abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain. Previous studies have shown that mutations in the syntaxin 1b (stx1b) gene cause a familial, fever-associated epilepsy syndrome. It is unclear as to whether the stx1b gene also correlates with other stimulations such as flashing and/or mediates the effects of antiepileptic drugs. In this study, we found that the expression of stx1b was present mainly in the brain and was negatively correlated with seizures in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure zebrafish model. The transcription of stx1b was inhibited by PTZ but rescued by valproate, a broad-spectrum epilepsy treatment drug. In the PTZ-seizure zebrafish model, stx1b knockdown aggravated larvae hyperexcitatory swimming and prompted abnormal trajectory movements, particularly under lighting stimulation; at the same time, the expression levels of the neuronal activity marker gene c-fos increased significantly in the brain. In contrast, stx1b overexpression attenuated seizures and decreased c-fos expression levels following PTZ-induced seizures in larvae. Thus, we speculated that a deficiency of stx1b gene expression may be related with the onset occurrence of clinical seizures, particularly photosensitive seizures. In addition, we found that berberine (BBR) reduced larvae hyperexcitatory locomotion and abnormal movement trajectory in a concentration-dependent manner, slowed down excessive photosensitive seizure-like swimming, and assisted in the recovery of the expression levels of STX1B. Under the downregulation of STX1B, BBR's roles were limited: specifically, it only slightly regulated the levels of the two genes stx1b and c-fos and the hyperexcitatory motion of zebrafish in dark conditions and had no effect on the overexcited swimming behavior seen in conjunction with lighting stimulation. These findings further demonstrate that STX1B protein levels are negatively correlated with a seizure and can decrease the sensitivity of the photosensitive response in a PTZ-induced seizure zebrafish larvae; furthermore, STX1B may partially mediate the anticonvulsant effect of BBR. Additional investigation regarding the relationship between STX1B, BBR, and seizures could provide new cues for the development of novel anticonvulsant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Min Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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262
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Grünspan LD, Mussulini BHM, Baggio S, dos Santos PR, Dumas F, Rico EP, de Oliveira DL, Moura S. Teratogenic and anticonvulsant effects of zinc and copper valproate complexes in zebrafish. Epilepsy Res 2018; 139:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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263
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264
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Pena IA, Roussel Y, Daniel K, Mongeon K, Johnstone D, Weinschutz Mendes H, Bosma M, Saxena V, Lepage N, Chakraborty P, Dyment DA, van Karnebeek CDM, Verhoeven-Duif N, Bui TV, Boycott KM, Ekker M, MacKenzie A. Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy in Zebrafish Caused by Aldh7a1 Deficiency. Genetics 2017; 207:1501-1518. [PMID: 29061647 PMCID: PMC5714462 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare disease characterized by mutations in the lysine degradation gene ALDH7A1 leading to recurrent neonatal seizures, which are uniquely alleviated by high doses of pyridoxine or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (vitamin B6 vitamers). Despite treatment, neurodevelopmental disabilities are still observed in most PDE patients underlining the need for adjunct therapies. Over 60 years after the initial description of PDE, we report the first animal model for this disease: an aldh7a1-null zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying deficient lysine metabolism and spontaneous and recurrent seizures in the larval stage (10 days postfertilization). Epileptiform electrographic activity was observed uniquely in mutants as a series of population bursts in tectal recordings. Remarkably, as is the case in human PDE, the seizures show an almost immediate sensitivity to pyridoxine and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, with a resulting extension of the life span. Lysine supplementation aggravates the phenotype, inducing earlier seizure onset and death. By using mass spectrometry techniques, we further explored the metabolic effect of aldh7a1 knockout. Impaired lysine degradation with accumulation of PDE biomarkers, B6 deficiency, and low γ-aminobutyric acid levels were observed in the aldh7a1-/- larvae, which may play a significant role in the seizure phenotype and PDE pathogenesis. This novel model provides valuable insights into PDE pathophysiology; further research may offer new opportunities for drug discovery to control seizure activity and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for PDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella A Pena
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yann Roussel
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kate Daniel
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kevin Mongeon
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Devon Johnstone
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Marjolein Bosma
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lepage
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 4H4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nanda Verhoeven-Duif
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC), 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tuan Vu Bui
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
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265
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Copmans D, Orellana-Paucar AM, Steurs G, Zhang Y, Ny A, Foubert K, Exarchou V, Siekierska A, Kim Y, De Borggraeve W, Dehaen W, Pieters L, de Witte PAM. Methylated flavonoids as anti-seizure agents: Naringenin 4',7-dimethyl ether attenuates epileptic seizures in zebrafish and mouse models. Neurochem Int 2017; 112:124-133. [PMID: 29174382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects more than 70 million people worldwide and is characterized by the presence of spontaneous unprovoked recurrent seizures. Existing anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) have side effects and fail to control seizures in 30% of patients due to drug resistance. Hence, safer and more efficacious drugs are sorely needed. Flavonoids are polyphenolic structures naturally present in most plants and consumed daily with no adverse effects reported. These structures have shown activity in several seizure and epilepsy animal models through allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors, but also via potent anti-inflammatory action in the brain. As such, dietary flavonoids offer an interesting source for ASD and anti-epileptogenic drug (AED) discovery, but their pharmaceutical potential is often hampered by metabolic instability and low oral bioavailability. It has been argued that their drug-likeness can be improved via methylation of the free hydroxyl groups, thereby dramatically enhancing metabolic stability and membrane transport, facilitating absorption and highly increasing bioavailability. Since no scientific data is available regarding the use of methylated flavonoids in the fight against epilepsy, we studied naringenin (NRG), kaempferol (KFL), and three methylated derivatives, i.e., naringenin 7-O-methyl ether (NRG-M), naringenin 4',7-dimethyl ether (NRG-DM), and kaempferide (4'-O-methyl kaempferol) (KFD) in the zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model. We demonstrate that the methylated flavanones NRG-DM and NRG-M are highly effective against PTZ-induced seizures in larval zebrafish, whereas NRG and the flavonols KFL and KFD possess only a limited activity. Moreover, we show that NRG-DM is active in two standard acute mouse seizure models, i.e., the timed i.v. PTZ seizure model and the 6-Hz psychomotor seizure model. Based on these results, NRG-DM is proposed as a lead compound that is worth further investigation for the treatment of generalized seizures and drug-resistant focal seizures. Our data therefore highlights the potential of methylated flavonoids in the search for new and improved ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Copmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriana M Orellana-Paucar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Gert Steurs
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Exarchou
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youngju Kim
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter A M de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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266
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Zabinyakov N, Bullivant G, Cao F, Fernandez Ojeda M, Jia ZP, Wen XY, Dowling JJ, Salomons GS, Mercimek-Andrews S. Characterization of the first knock-out aldh7a1 zebrafish model for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186645. [PMID: 29053735 PMCID: PMC5650160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE) is caused by likely pathogenic variants in ALDH7A1 (PDE-ALDH7A1) and inherited autosomal recessively. Neurotoxic alpha-amino adipic semialdehyde (alpha-AASA), piperideine 6-carboxylate and pipecolic acid accumulate in body fluids. Neonatal or infantile onset seizures refractory to anti-epileptic medications are clinical features. Treatment with pyridoxine, arginine and lysine-restricted diet does not normalize neurodevelopmental outcome or accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. There is no animal model for high throughput drug screening. For this reason, we developed and characterized the first knock-out aldh7a1 zebrafish model using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Zebrafish aldh7a1 mutants were generated by using a vector free method of CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis. Genotype analysis of aldh7a1 knock-out zebrafish was performed by high resolution melt analysis, direct sequencing and QIAxcel system. Electroencephalogram was performed. Alpha-AASA, piperideine 6-carboxylate and pipecolic acid, were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our knock-out aldh7a1 zebrafish has homozygous 5 base pair (bp) mutation in ALDH7A1. Knock-out aldh7a1 embryos have spontaneous rapid increase in locomotion and a rapid circling swim behavior earliest 8-day post fertilization (dpf). Electroencephalogram revealed large amplitude spike discharges compared to wild type. Knock-out aldh7a1 embryos have elevated alpha-AASA, piperideine 6-carboxylate and pipecolic acid compared to wild type embryos at 3 dpf. Knock-out aldh7a1 embryos showed no aldh7a1 protein by western blot compared to wild type. Our knock-out aldh7a1 zebrafish is a well characterized model for large-scale drug screening using behavioral and biochemical features and accurately recapitulates the human PDE-ALDH7A1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Zabinyakov
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Garrett Bullivant
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Cao
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matilde Fernandez Ojeda
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Neuroscience Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zheng Ping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery & Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J. Dowling
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gajja S. Salomons
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Neuroscience Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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267
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Shin M, Field TM, Stucky CS, Furgurson MN, Johnson MA. Ex Vivo Measurement of Electrically Evoked Dopamine Release in Zebrafish Whole Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1880-1888. [PMID: 28617576 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have recently emerged as useful model organism for the study of neuronal function. Here, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon-fiber microelectrodes was used to measure locally evoked dopamine release and uptake in zebrafish whole brain preparations and results were compared with those obtained from brain slices. Evoked dopamine release ([DA]max) was similar in whole brain and sagittal brain slice preparations (0.49 ± 0.13 μM in whole brain and 0.59 ± 0.28 μM in brain slices). Treatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (αMPT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, diminished release and the electrochemical signal reappeared after subsequent drug washout. No observed change in stimulated release current occurred after treatment with desipramine or fluoxetine in the whole brain. Treatment with the uptake inhibitors, nomifensine or GBR 12909 increased [DA]max, while treatment with sulpiride, a D2 dopamine autoreceptor antagonist, resulted in increased stimulated dopamine release in whole brain, but had no effect on release in slices. Dopamine release in whole brains increased progressively up to an electrical stimulation frequency of 25 Hz, while release in slices increased up to a frequency of only 10 Hz and then plateaued, highlighting another key difference between these preparations. We observed a lag in peak dopamine release following stimulation, which we address using diffusion models and pharmacological treatments. Collectively, these results demonstrate the electrochemical determination of dopamine release in the whole, intact brain of a vertebrate species ex vivo and are an important step for carrying out further experiments in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Shin
- Department of Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Thomas M. Field
- Department of Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chase S. Stucky
- Department of Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Mia N. Furgurson
- Department of Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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268
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Understanding taurine CNS activity using alternative zebrafish models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:525-539. [PMID: 28916270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a highly abundant "amino acid" in the brain. Despite the potential neuroactive role of taurine in vertebrates has long been recognized, the underlying molecular mechanisms related to its pleiotropic effects in the brain remain poorly understood. Due to the genetic tractability, rich behavioral repertoire, neurochemical conservation, and small size, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful candidate for neuropsychopharmacology investigation and in vivo drug screening. Here, we summarize the main physiological roles of taurine in mammals, including neuromodulation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and antioxidant action. In this context, we also highlight how zebrafish models of brain disorders may present interesting approaches to assess molecular mechanisms underlying positive effects of taurine in the brain. Finally, we outline recent advances in zebrafish drug screening that significantly improve neuropsychiatric translational researches and small molecule screens.
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269
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Behavioral Comorbidities and Drug Treatments in a Zebrafish scn1lab Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0066-17. [PMID: 28812061 PMCID: PMC5555352 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0066-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in SCN1A cause Dravet syndrome (DS), a catastrophic childhood epilepsy in which patients experience comorbid behavioral conditions, including movement disorders, sleep abnormalities, anxiety, and intellectual disability. To study the functional consequences of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations, we use zebrafish with a loss-of-function mutation in scn1lab, a zebrafish homolog of human SCN1A. Homozygous scn1labs552/s552 mutants exhibit early-life seizures, metabolic deficits, and early death. Here, we developed in vivo assays using scn1labs552 mutants between 3 and 6 d postfertilization (dpf). To evaluate sleep disturbances, we monitored larvae for 24 h with locomotion tracking software. Locomotor activity during dark (night phase) was significantly higher in mutants than in controls. Among anticonvulsant drugs, clemizole and diazepam, but not trazodone or valproic acid, decreased distance moved at night for scn1labs552 mutant larvae. To monitor exploratory behavior in an open field, we tracked larvae in a novel arena. Mutant larvae exhibited impaired exploratory behavior, with increased time spent near the edge of the arena and decreased mobility, suggesting greater anxiety. Both clemizole and diazepam, but not trazodone or valproic acid, decreased distance moved and increased time spent in the center of the arena. Counting inhibitory neurons in vivo revealed no differences between scn1labs552 mutants and siblings. Taken together, our results demonstrate conserved features of sleep, anxiety, and movement disorders in scn1lab mutant zebrafish, and provide evidence that a zebrafish model allows effective tests of treatments for behavioral comorbidities associated with DS.
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270
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Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Zebrafish as a Model for Epilepsy-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction: A Pharmacological, Biochemical and Behavioral Approach. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:515. [PMID: 28824436 PMCID: PMC5541063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neuronal disorder allied with distinct neurological and behavioral alterations characterized by recurrent spontaneous epileptic seizures. Impairment of the cognitive performances such as learning and memory is frequently observed in epileptic patients. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are efficient to the majority of patients. However, 30% of this population seems to be refractory to the drug treatment. These patients are not seizure-free and frequently they show impaired cognitive functions. Unfortunately, as a side effect, some AEDs could contribute to such impairment. The major problem associated with conducting studies on epilepsy-related cognitive function is the lack of easy, rapid, specific and sensitive in vivo testing models. However, by using a number of different techniques and parameters in the zebrafish, we can incorporate the unique feature of specific disorder to study the molecular and behavior basis of this disease. In the view of current literature, the goal of the study was to develop a zebrafish model of epilepsy induced cognitive dysfunction. In this study, the effect of AEDs on locomotor activity and seizure-like behavior was tested against the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in zebrafish and epilepsy associated cognitive dysfunction was determined using T-maze test followed by neurotransmitter estimation and gene expression analysis. It was observed that all the AEDs significantly reversed PTZ induced seizure in zebrafish, but had a negative impact on cognitive functions of zebrafish. AEDs were found to modulate neurotransmitter levels, especially GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine and gene expression in the drug treated zebrafish brains. Therefore, combination of behavioral, neurochemical and genenetic information, makes this model a useful tool for future research and discovery of newer and safer AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
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271
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Inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) by ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) induces treatment-resistant epileptic seizures in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7195. [PMID: 28775328 PMCID: PMC5543107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal, excessive and synchronous neuronal activities in the brain. It affects approximately 65 million people worldwide, one third of which are still estimated to suffer from refractory seizures. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) that converts glutamate into GABA is a key enzyme in the dynamic regulation of neural network excitability. Importantly, clinical evidence shows that lowered GAD activity is associated with several forms of epilepsy which are often treatment resistant. In the present study, we synthetized and explored the possibility of using ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP), a lipid-permeable GAD-inhibitor, to induce refractory seizures in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrate that EKP evoked robust convulsive locomotor activities, excessive epileptiform discharges and upregulated c-fos expression in zebrafish. Moreover, transgenic animals in which neuronal cells express apoaequorin, a Ca2+-sensitive bioluminescent photoprotein, displayed large luminescence signals indicating strong EKP-induced neuronal activation. Molecular docking data indicated that this proconvulsant activity resulted from the direct inhibition of both gad67 and gad65. Limited protective efficacy of tested anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) demonstrated a high level of treatment resistance of EKP-induced seizures. We conclude that the EKP zebrafish model can serve as a high-throughput platform for novel ASDs discovery.
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272
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Khan KM, Collier AD, Meshalkina DA, Kysil EV, Khatsko SL, Kolesnikova T, Morzherin YY, Warnick JE, Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ. Zebrafish models in neuropsychopharmacology and CNS drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1925-1944. [PMID: 28217866 PMCID: PMC5466539 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, their aetiology and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful animal model in neuropharmacology research and in vivo drug screening. Collectively, this makes zebrafish a useful tool for drug discovery and the identification of disordered molecular pathways. Here, we discuss zebrafish models of selected human neuropsychiatric disorders and drug-induced phenotypes. As well as covering a broad range of brain disorders (from anxiety and psychoses to neurodegeneration), we also summarize recent developments in zebrafish genetics and small molecule screening, which markedly enhance the disease modelling and the discovery of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanza M Khan
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMSUSA
| | - Adam D Collier
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMSUSA
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)SlidellLAUSA
| | - Darya A Meshalkina
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)SlidellLAUSA
- Institute of Translational BiomedicineSt. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Elana V Kysil
- Institute of Translational BiomedicineSt. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | | | | | | | - Jason E Warnick
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)SlidellLAUSA
- Department of Behavioral SciencesArkansas Tech UniversityRussellvilleARUSA
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)SlidellLAUSA
- Institute of Translational BiomedicineSt. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
- Ural Federal UniversityEkaterinburgRussia
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - David J Echevarria
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMSUSA
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC)SlidellLAUSA
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273
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Cho SJ, Byun D, Nam TS, Choi SY, Lee BG, Kim MK, Kim S. Zebrafish as an animal model in epilepsy studies with multichannel EEG recordings. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3099. [PMID: 28596539 PMCID: PMC5465065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent interest in using zebrafish in human disease studies, sparked by their economics, fecundity, easy handling, and homologies to humans, the electrophysiological tools or methods for zebrafish are still inaccessible. Although zebrafish exhibit more significant larval–adult duality than any other animal, most electrophysiological studies using zebrafish are biased by using larvae these days. The results of larval studies not only differ from those conducted with adults but also are unable to delicately manage electroencephalographic montages due to their small size. Hence, we enabled non-invasive long-term multichannel electroencephalographic recording on adult zebrafish using custom-designed electrodes and perfusion system. First, we exploited demonstration of long-term recording on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models, and the results were quantified. Second, we studied skin–electrode impedance, which is crucial to the quality of signals. Then, seizure propagations and gender differences in adult zebrafish were exhibited for the first time. Our results provide a new pathway for future neuroscience research using zebrafish by overcoming the challenges for aquatic organisms such as precision, serviceability, and continuous water seepage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Byun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Seung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Geun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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274
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Optical mapping of neuronal activity during seizures in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3025. [PMID: 28596596 PMCID: PMC5465210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping neuronal activity during the onset and propagation of epileptic seizures can provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this pathology and improve our approaches to the development of new drugs. Recently, zebrafish has become an important model for studying epilepsy both in basic research and in drug discovery. Here, we employed a transgenic line with pan-neuronal expression of the genetically-encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6s to measure neuronal activity in zebrafish larvae during seizures induced by pentylenetretrazole (PTZ). With this approach, we mapped neuronal activity in different areas of the larval brain, demonstrating the high sensitivity of this method to different levels of alteration, as induced by increasing PTZ concentrations, and the rescuing effect of an anti-epileptic drug. We also present simultaneous measurements of brain and locomotor activity, as well as a high-throughput assay, demonstrating that GCaMP measurements can complement behavioural assays for the detection of subclinical epileptic seizures, thus enabling future investigations on human hypomorphic mutations and more effective drug screening methods. Notably, the methodology described here can be easily applied to the study of many human neuropathologies modelled in zebrafish, allowing a simple and yet detailed investigation of brain activity alterations associated with the pathological phenotype.
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275
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Griffin A, Hamling KR, Knupp K, Hong S, Lee LP, Baraban SC. Clemizole and modulators of serotonin signalling suppress seizures in Dravet syndrome. Brain 2017; 140:669-683. [PMID: 28073790 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic childhood epilepsy with early-onset seizures, delayed language and motor development, sleep disturbances, anxiety-like behaviour, severe cognitive deficit and an increased risk of fatality. It is primarily caused by de novo mutations of the SCN1A gene encoding a neuronal voltage-activated sodium channel. Zebrafish with a mutation in the SCN1A homologue recapitulate spontaneous seizure activity and mimic the convulsive behavioural movements observed in Dravet syndrome. Here, we show that phenotypic screening of drug libraries in zebrafish scn1 mutants rapidly and successfully identifies new therapeutics. We demonstrate that clemizole binds to serotonin receptors and its antiepileptic activity can be mimicked by drugs acting on serotonin signalling pathways e.g. trazodone and lorcaserin. Coincident with these zebrafish findings, we treated five medically intractable Dravet syndrome patients with a clinically-approved serotonin receptor agonist (lorcaserin, Belviq®) and observed some promising results in terms of reductions in seizure frequency and/or severity. Our findings demonstrate a rapid path from preclinical discovery in zebrafish, through target identification, to potential clinical treatments for Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha Griffin
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyla R Hamling
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Knupp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - SoonGweon Hong
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Baraban
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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276
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Moradi-Afrapoli F, Ebrahimi SN, Smiesko M, Hamburger M. HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABA A Receptor Modulators in Extracts: Validation of an Approach Utilizing a Larval Zebrafish Locomotor Assay. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1548-1557. [PMID: 28485933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system and a target for numerous clinically important drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy. A series of allosteric GABAA receptor agonists was identified previously with the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling, whereby activity was tracked with an electrophysiological assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes. To accelerate the discovery process, an approach has been established for HPLC-based profiling using a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) seizure model induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a pro-convulsant GABAA receptor antagonist. The assay was validated with the aid of representative GABAergic plant compounds and extracts. Various parameters that are relevant for the quality of results obtained, including PTZ concentration, the number of larvae, the incubation time, and the data analysis protocol, were optimized. The assay was then translated into an HPLC profiling protocol, and active compounds were tracked in extracts of Valeriana officinalis and Magnolia officinalis. For selected compounds the effects in the zebrafish larvae model were compared with data from in silico blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability predictions, to validate the use for discovery of BBB-permeable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University , G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
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277
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Menezes FP, Da Silva RS. The influence of temperature on adult zebrafish sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole. Epilepsy Res 2017; 135:14-18. [PMID: 28554163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is one of the most valuable drugs used to induce seizure-like state in zebrafish especially considering the pharmacological screening for anticonvulsants and the study of basic mechanisms of epilepsy. Here, the effect of gender, weight and changes in temperature on latency to adult zebrafish reach classical seizure states induced by PTZ (10mM) was evaluated. Gender and weight (200-250mg versus 400-500mg) did not affect the profile of response to PTZ. When water temperature was changed from 22 to 30°C the lower temperature increased the latency time to reach seizure states and the higher temperature significantly decreased it, in comparison to the control group maintained at 26°C. The blockage of kainate receptors by DNQX (10μM) were unable to prevent the increased susceptibility of adult zebrafish exposed to hyperthermia and PTZ-induced seizures. The NMDA block by MK-801 (2.5μM) prevented the additive effect of hyperthermia on PTZ effects in adult zebrafish. This report emphasize that PTZ model in adult zebrafish exhibits no confounder factors from gender and weight, but water temperature is able to directly affect the response to PTZ, especially through a mechanism related to NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Peres Menezes
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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278
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Yang X, Lin J, Peng X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Guo N, Zhou S, Li Q. Effects of picrotoxin on zebrafish larvae behaviors: A comparison study with PTZ. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 70:224-231. [PMID: 28437751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been suggested as a high-throughput experimental animal model for epilepsy-related genetic and developmental studies. The behavioral manifestations in response to the seizure-inducing drugs picrotoxin (PTX) (1, 5, 25, 125, or 625μM) or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16mM) under light-dark conditions were studied using zebrafish larvae at 5days post-fertilization (dpf). Two behavioral parameters, locomotor activity and thigmotaxis behavior, were analyzed. We conclude that high concentrations of PTX treatment increased locomotion and thigmotaxis in 5 dpf zebrafish larvae under continuous illumination and the locomotion of PTX-treated zebrafish was decreased under the dark condition. High concentrations of PTX treatment also increased thigmotaxis (an indicator of increased anxiety levels) in zebrafish larvae under both continuous illumination and dark condition. PTZ treatment increased the locomotion of 5 dpf zebrafish larvae under continuous illumination. However, 2mM PTZ decreased locomotion, and high concentrations of PTZ decreased the locomotion of larvae under dark conditions. High concentrations of PTZ treatment also increased thigmotaxis in the zebrafish larvae under both continuous illumination and dark condition. Compared with PTZ, PTX leads to higher levels of movement under light conditions and lower levels of movement under dark condition. However, the level of thigmotaxis in the zebrafish larvae was similar between the two drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaolan Peng
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | | | - Yinglan Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuizhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China.
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279
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Sarty KI, Cowie A, Martyniuk CJ. The legacy pesticide dieldrin acts as a teratogen and alters the expression of dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor 2a in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:37-47. [PMID: 28163252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dieldrin (DLD) is a lipophilic pesticide that shows environmental persistence. The objectives were to determine the effects of DLD on GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in developing zebrafish. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos (~24h post-hatch) were exposed to a single concentration of DLD (0.347-3470μM) for 48h. Following exposure, a subset of larvae was placed into clean water for 6days (i.e. depuration phase). Chorionated embryos showed <15% mortality while dechorionated embryos showed higher mortality (>30%), suggesting that the chorion protected the embryos. Over a 6day depuration phase, there was a dose dependent effect observed in both the "dechorionated and chorionated embryo" treatments for larval mortality (>60%). At the end of depuration, there was no detectable change in neuro-morphological endpoints that included the ratio of notochord length to body length (%) and the ratio of head area to body area (%). However, DLD did induce cardiac edema, skeletal deformities, and tremors. GABA-related transcripts were not affected in abundance by DLD. Conversely, the relative mRNA levels of dopamine transporter (dat1) and dopamine receptor drd2a mRNA were decreased in dechorionated, but not chorionated, embryos. These data suggest that DLD can alter the expression of transcripts related to dopaminergic signaling. Lastly, GABAA receptor subunits gabrB1 and gabrB2, as well as dopamine receptors drd1 and drd2a, were inherently higher in abundance in dechorionated embryos compared to chorionated embryos. This is an important consideration when incorporating transcriptomics into embryo testing as expression levels can change with removal of the chorion prior to exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Chorion/physiology
- Dieldrin/toxicity
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/growth & development
- Larva/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Teratogens/toxicity
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/growth & development
- Zebrafish/physiology
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleena I Sarty
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew Cowie
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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280
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Zebrafish Embryo as an In Vivo Model for Behavioral and Pharmacological Characterization of Methylxanthine Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030596. [PMID: 28282918 PMCID: PMC5372612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryo is emerging as an important tool for behavior analysis as well as toxicity testing. In this study, we compared the effect of nine different methylxanthine drugs using zebrafish embryo as a model. We performed behavioral analysis, biochemical assay and Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET) test in zebrafish embryos after treatment with methylxanthines. Each drug appeared to behave in different ways and showed a distinct pattern of results. Embryos treated with seven out of nine methylxanthines exhibited epileptic-like pattern of movements, the severity of which varied with drugs and doses used. Cyclic AMP measurement showed that, despite of a significant increase in cAMP with some compounds, it was unrelated to the observed movement behavior changes. FET test showed a different pattern of toxicity with different methylxanthines. Each drug could be distinguished from the other based on its effect on mortality, morphological defects and teratogenic effects. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between the toxic doses (TC50) calculated in zebrafish embryos and lethal doses (LD50) in rodents obtained from TOXNET database. Taken together, all these findings elucidate the potentiality of zebrafish embryos as an in vivo model for behavioral and toxicity testing of methylxanthines and other related compounds.
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281
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Smith LA, Ullmann JFP, Olson HE, El Achkar CM, Truglio G, Kelly M, Rosen-Sheidley B, Poduri A. A Model Program for Translational Medicine in Epilepsy Genetics. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:429-436. [PMID: 28056630 PMCID: PMC5625332 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816685654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in gene sequencing have led to a rapid increase in gene discovery in epilepsy. However, the ability to assess pathogenicity of variants, provide functional analysis, and develop targeted therapies has not kept pace with rapid advances in sequencing technology. Thus, although clinical genetic testing may lead to a specific molecular diagnosis for some patients, test results often lead to more questions than answers. As the field begins to focus on therapeutic applications of genetic diagnoses using precision medicine, developing processes that offer more than equivocal test results is essential. The success of precision medicine in epilepsy relies on establishing a correct genetic diagnosis, analyzing functional consequences of genetic variants, screening potential therapeutics in the preclinical laboratory setting, and initiating targeted therapy trials for patients. The authors describe the structure of a comprehensive, pediatric Epilepsy Genetics Program that can serve as a model for translational medicine in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey A. Smith
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy F. P. Ullmann
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather E. Olson
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christelle M. El Achkar
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gessica Truglio
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - McKenna Kelly
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Rosen-Sheidley
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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282
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Duy PQ, Berberoglu MA, Beattie CE, Hall CW. Cellular responses to recurrent pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in the adult zebrafish brain. Neuroscience 2017; 349:118-127. [PMID: 28238851 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A seizure is a sustained increase in brain electrical activity that can result in loss of consciousness and injury. Understanding how the brain responds to seizures is important for development of new treatment strategies for epilepsy, a neurological condition characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. Pharmacological induction of seizures in rodent models results in a myriad of cellular alterations, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and adult neurogenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cellular responses to recurrent pentylenetetrazole seizures in the adult zebrafish brain. We subjected zebrafish to five once-daily pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and characterized the cellular consequences of these seizures. In response to recurrent seizures, we found histologic evidence of vasodilatation, perivascular leukocyte egress and leukocyte proliferation suggesting seizure-induced acute CNS inflammation. We also found evidence of increased proliferation, neurogenesis, and reactive gliosis following pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Collectively, our results suggest that the cellular responses to seizures in the adult zebrafish brain are similar to those observed in mammalian brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Berberoglu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Charles W Hall
- Premier Health Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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283
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Srdanović S, Þorsteinsson H, Friðriksson Þ, Pétursson SÓ, Maier VH, Karlsson KÆ. Transient knock-down of kcna2 reduces sleep in larval zebrafish. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:13-21. [PMID: 28223099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we set out to determine the effects of morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) knock-down of kcna2 on sleep-wake cycles in zebrafish. The results were compared to a non-overlapping MO injection, Dec2, who's mutant is also linked with a short sleep phenotype. Four groups of fish were used in the experiment: naïve fish, and fish injected with either control, kcna2, or Dec2 MO. All groups underwent 24-h behavioral monitoring of sleep-wake cycles at four and seven days-post-fertilization (dpf). First, we established an immobility dependent, sleep related, increase in arousal thresholds at both 4 and 7 dpf. Secondly, we show that kcna2 MO injected fish exhibit significantly less sleep behavior than controls and naïve fish, whereas Dec2 MO injections had similar but less severe effects. Finally, using kcna2 MO injected fish only, we turn to local field recordings at the level of the telencephalon and tectum opticum and rule out that the knock-down resulted in a non-specific increase in neural excitability that would mask sleep behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Þ Friðriksson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Ó Pétursson
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V H Maier
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Læknagarður, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Æ Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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284
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Pisera-Fuster A, Otero S, Talevi A, Bruno-Blanch L, Bernabeu R. Anticonvulsant effect of sodium cyclamate and propylparaben on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in zebrafish. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Pisera-Fuster
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO-Houssay); Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sofía Otero
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO-Houssay); Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alan Talevi
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Luis Bruno-Blanch
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Ramón Bernabeu
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica (IFIBIO-Houssay); Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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285
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Vada S, Goli D, Sharma UR, Bose A, Mandal S. Thorough investigation of epileptic behavioral characterization of caffeine in adult zebrafishes in correlation with drug brain concentration. Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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286
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Baxendale S, van Eeden F, Wilkinson R. The Power of Zebrafish in Personalised Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:179-197. [PMID: 28840558 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of personalised medicine is to develop tailor-made therapies for patients in whom currently available therapeutics fail. This approach requires correlating individual patient genotype data to specific disease phenotype data and using these stratified data sets to identify bespoke therapeutics. Applications for personalised medicine include common complex diseases which may have multiple targets, as well as rare monogenic disorders, for which the target may be unknown. In both cases, whole genome sequence analysis (WGS) is discovering large numbers of disease associated mutations in new candidate genes and potential modifier genes. Currently, the main limiting factor is the determination of which mutated genes are important for disease progression and therefore represent potential targets for drug discovery. Zebrafish have gained popularity as a model organism for understanding developmental processes, disease mechanisms and more recently for drug discovery and toxicity testing. In this chapter, we will examine the diverse roles that zebrafish can make in the expanding field of personalised medicine, from generating humanised disease models to xenograft screening of different cancer cell lines, through to finding new drugs via in vivo phenotypic screens. We will discuss the tools available for zebrafish research and recent advances in techniques, highlighting the advantages and potential of using zebrafish for high throughput disease modeling and precision drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baxendale
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Freek van Eeden
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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287
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Cannabinoid modulation of zebrafish fear learning and its functional analysis investigated by c-Fos expression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 153:18-31. [PMID: 27965084 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that zebrafish fear learning proceeds in the same way as reported for rodents. However, in zebrafish fear learning it is possible to substitute the use of electric shocks as unconditioned stimulus and utilize the inborn fear responses to the alarm substance Schreckstoff, instead. The skin extract Schreckstoff elicits typical fear reactions such as preferred bottom dwelling, swimming in a tighter shoal, erratic movements and freezing. This natural fear behavior can be transferred from Schreckstoff to any other sensory stimulus by associative conditioning (fear learning). We presented Schreckstoff simultaneously with a red light stimulus and tested the effectiveness of fear learning during memory retrieval. The two brain regions known to be relevant for learning in zebrafish are the medial and the lateral pallium of the dorsal telencephalon, both containing rich expressions of the endocannabinoid receptor CB1. To test the influence of the zebrafish endocannabinoid system on fear acquisition learning, an experimental group of ten fish was pretreated with the CB1 receptor agonist THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; 100nM for 1h). We found that CB1 activation significantly inhibited acquisition of fear learning, possibly by impairing stimulus encoding processes in pallial areas. This was supported by analyzes of c-Fos expression in the brains of experimental animals. Schreckstoff exposure during fear acquisition learning and memory retrieval during red light presentation increased the number of labelled cells in pallial structures, but in no other brain region investigated (e.g. striatum, thalamus, and habenula). THC administration before fear conditioning significantly decreased c-Fos expression in these structures to a level similar to the control group without Schreckstoff experience, suggesting that Schreckstoff induced fear learning requires brain circuits restricted mainly to pallial regions of the dorsal telencephalon.
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288
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Deán-Ben XL, Sela G, Lauri A, Kneipp M, Ntziachristos V, Westmeyer GG, Shoham S, Razansky D. Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography for scalable whole-brain monitoring of calcium indicators. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16201. [PMID: 30167137 PMCID: PMC6059886 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience. We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering brains. It can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm3 with respective spatial resolution of 35-200 μm. Experiments performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate, for the first time, the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering brains. The newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics; in combination with optoacoustics' well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics, it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gali Sela
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Kneipp
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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289
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Barbalho PG, Carvalho BDS, Lopes-Cendes I, Maurer-Morelli CV. Cyclooxygenase-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Seizure Suppression: Evidences from Zebrafish Pentylenetetrazole-Seizure Model. Front Neurol 2016; 7:200. [PMID: 27895618 PMCID: PMC5108920 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2 are isoenzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs). COX-2 and PGs are rapidly increased following seizures and are known to play important roles in the neuroinflammatory process. COX-2 isoform has been predominantly explored as the most suitable target for pharmacological intervention in epilepsy studies, while COX-1 remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of selective COX-1 inhibitor or selective COX-2 inhibitor on seizure suppression in the zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-seizure model. Zebrafish larvae were incubated in 5 μM of SC-236 for 24 h or 2.8 μM of SC-560 for 30 min, followed by exposure to 15 mM PTZ for 60 min. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis was carried out to investigate transcription levels of cox1 (ptgs1), as well as to determine cfos levels, used as a marker for neuronal activity. Effects of selective COX-2 or COX-1 inhibitors on locomotor activity response (velocity and distance moved) during PTZ exposure were evaluated using the Danio Vision video-tracking system. Our results showed an inducible expression of the cox1 gene after 60 min of PTZ exposure. Cox1 mRNA levels were upregulated compared with the control group. We found that COX-2 inhibition treatment had no effect on zebrafish PTZ-induced seizures. On the other hand, COX-1 inhibition significantly attenuated PTZ-induced increase of locomotor activity and reduced the c-fos mRNA expression. These findings suggest that COX-1 inhibition rather than COX-2 has positive effects on seizure suppression in the zebrafish PTZ-seizure model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benilton de Sá Carvalho
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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290
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N-Cadherin is Involved in Neuronal Activity-Dependent Regulation of Myelinating Capacity of Zebrafish Individual Oligodendrocytes In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6917-6930. [PMID: 27771903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating neuronal activity increases myelin sheath formation by individual oligodendrocytes, but how myelination is regulated by neuronal activity in vivo is still not fully understood. While in vitro studies have revealed the important role of N-cadherin in myelination, our understanding in vivo remains quite limited. To obtain the role of N-cadherin during activity-dependent regulation of myelinating capacity of individual oligodendrocytes, we successfully built an in vivo dynamic imaging model of the Mauthner cell at the subcellular structure level in the zebrafish central nervous system. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged N-cadherin was used to visualize the stable accumulations and mobile transports of N-cadherin by single-cell electroporation at the single-cell level. We found that pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) significantly enhanced the accumulation of N-cadherin in Mauthner axons, a response that was paralleled by enhanced sheath number per oligodendrocytes. By offsetting this phenotype using oligopeptide (AHAVD) which blocks the function of N-cadherin, we showed that PTZ regulates myelination in an N-cadherin-dependent manner. What is more, we further suggested that PTZ influences N-cadherin and myelination via a cAMP pathway. Consequently, our data indicated that N-cadherin is involved in neuronal activity-dependent regulation of myelinating capacity of zebrafish individual oligodendrocytes in vivo.
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291
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Colin E, Daniel J, Ziegler A, Wakim J, Scrivo A, Haack TB, Khiati S, Denommé AS, Amati-Bonneau P, Charif M, Procaccio V, Reynier P, Aleck KA, Botto LD, Herper CL, Kaiser CS, Nabbout R, N'Guyen S, Mora-Lorca JA, Assmann B, Christ S, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Prokisch H, Miranda-Vizuete A, Hoffmann GF, Lenaers G, Bomont P, Liebau E, Bonneau D. Biallelic Variants in UBA5 Reveal that Disruption of the UFM1 Cascade Can Result in Early-Onset Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:695-703. [PMID: 27545681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Via whole-exome sequencing, we identified rare autosomal-recessive variants in UBA5 in five children from four unrelated families affected with a similar pattern of severe intellectual deficiency, microcephaly, movement disorders, and/or early-onset intractable epilepsy. UBA5 encodes the E1-activating enzyme of ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), a recently identified ubiquitin-like protein. Biochemical studies of mutant UBA5 proteins and studies in fibroblasts from affected individuals revealed that UBA5 mutations impair the process of ufmylation, resulting in an abnormal endoplasmic reticulum structure. In Caenorhabditis elegans, knockout of uba-5 and of human orthologous genes in the UFM1 cascade alter cholinergic, but not glutamatergic, neurotransmission. In addition, uba5 silencing in zebrafish decreased motility while inducing abnormal movements suggestive of seizures. These clinical, biochemical, and experimental findings support our finding of UBA5 mutations as a pathophysiological cause for early-onset encephalopathies due to abnormal protein ufmylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Colin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jens Daniel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jamal Wakim
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Avenir-Atip team, INSERM U1051, Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Salim Khiati
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Majida Charif
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Kyrieckos A Aleck
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Medical Group, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Claudia Lena Herper
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sophia Kaiser
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, University Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie N'Guyen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - José Antonio Mora-Lorca
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Birgit Assmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolic Medicine and Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stine Christ
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolic Medicine and Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolic Medicine and Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guy Lenaers
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- Avenir-Atip team, INSERM U1051, Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eva Liebau
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France; UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083 and PREMMI, University of Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
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292
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Bugel SM, Bonventre JA, Tanguay RL. Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Flavonoids Using an Integrative Zebrafish System. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:55-68. [PMID: 27492224 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large, structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring chemicals commonly detected in breast milk, soy based infant formulas, amniotic fluid, and fetal cord blood. The potential for pervasive early life stage exposures raises concerns for perturbation of embryogenesis, though developmental toxicity and bioactivity information is limited for many flavonoids. Therefore, we evaluated a suite of 24 flavonoid and flavonoid-like chemicals using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay-an alternative model for investigating developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals. Embryos were exposed to 1-50 µM of each chemical from 6 to 120 h postfertilization (hpf), and assessed for 26 adverse developmental endpoints at 24, 72, and 120 hpf. Behavioral changes were evaluated in morphologically normal animals at 24 and 72 hpf, at 120 hpf using a larval photomotor response (LPR) assay. Gene expression was comparatively evaluated for all compounds for effects on biomarker transcripts indicative of AHR (cyp1a) and ER (cyp19a1b, esr1, lhb, vtg) pathway bioactivity. Overall, 15 of 24 flavonoids elicited adverse effects on one or more of the developmental or behavioral endpoints. Hierarchical clustering and principle component analyses compared toxicity profiles and identified 3 distinct groups of bioactive flavonoids. Despite robust induction of multiple estrogen-responsive biomarkers, co-exposure with ER and GPER antagonists did not ameliorate toxicity, suggesting ER-independence and alternative modes of action. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that development is sensitive to perturbation by bioactive flavonoids in zebrafish that are not related to traditional estrogen receptor mode of action pathways. This integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for evaluating flavonoid developmental toxicity and hazard prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
| | - Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
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293
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Sheng F, Chen M, Tan Y, Xiang C, Zhang M, Li B, Su H, He C, Wan J, Li P. Protective Effects of Otophylloside N on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Neuronal Injury In vitro and In vivo. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:224. [PMID: 27504096 PMCID: PMC4959150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of epileptic patients worldwide are medically unable to control their seizures. In addition, repeated epileptic seizures generally lead to neural damage. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is a clinical circulatory and respiratory stimulant that is experimentally used to mimic epileptic convulsion in epilepsy research. Here, we systematically explore the neuroprotective effects of a pure compound isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid (Qingyangshen), Otophylloside N (OtoN), against PTZ-induced neuronal injury. We used three models: in vitro primary cortical neurons, in vivo mice, and in vivo zebrafish. Our results revealed that OtoN treatment may attenuate PTZ-induced morphology changes, cell death, LDH efflux in embryonic neuronal cells of C57BL/6J mice, and convulsive behavior in zebrafish. Additionally, our Western blot and RT-PCR results demonstrated that OtoN may attenuate PTZ-induced apoptosis and neuronal activation in neuronal cells, mice, and zebrafish. OtoN may reduce PTZ-induced cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decrease the expression level of c-Fos. This study is the first investigation of the neuroprotective effects of OtoN, which might be developed as a novel antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Baocai Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Jianbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau, China
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294
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Hong S, Lee P, Baraban SC, Lee LP. A Novel Long-term, Multi-Channel and Non-invasive Electrophysiology Platform for Zebrafish. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28248. [PMID: 27305978 PMCID: PMC4910293 DOI: 10.1038/srep28248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are a popular vertebrate model for human neurological disorders and drug discovery. Although fecundity, breeding convenience, genetic homology and optical transparency have been key advantages, laborious and invasive procedures are required for electrophysiological studies. Using an electrode-integrated microfluidic system, here we demonstrate a novel multichannel electrophysiology unit to record multiple zebrafish. This platform allows spontaneous alignment of zebrafish and maintains, over days, close contact between head and multiple surface electrodes, enabling non-invasive long-term electroencephalographic recording. First, we demonstrate that electrographic seizure events, induced by pentylenetetrazole, can be reliably distinguished from eye or tail movement artifacts, and quantifiably identified with our unique algorithm. Second, we show long-term monitoring during epileptogenic progression in a scn1lab mutant recapitulating human Dravet syndrome. Third, we provide an example of cross-over pharmacology antiepileptic drug testing. Such promising features of this integrated microfluidic platform will greatly facilitate high-throughput drug screening and electrophysiological characterization of epileptic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoonGweon Hong
- Department of Bioengineering Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Philip Lee
- Department of Bioengineering Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Scott C Baraban
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, USA, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, USA, CA 94143, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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295
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Meyer M, Dhamne SC, LaCoursiere CM, Tambunan D, Poduri A, Rotenberg A. Microarray Noninvasive Neuronal Seizure Recordings from Intact Larval Zebrafish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156498. [PMID: 27281339 PMCID: PMC4900632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish epilepsy models are emerging tools in experimental epilepsy. Zebrafish larvae, in particular, are advantageous because they can be easily genetically altered and used for developmental and drug studies since agents applied to the bath penetrate the organism easily. Methods for electrophysiological recordings in zebrafish are new and evolving. We present a novel multi-electrode array method to non-invasively record electrical activity from up to 61 locations of an intact larval zebrafish head. This method enables transcranial noninvasive recording of extracellular field potentials (which include multi-unit activity and EEG) to identify epileptic seizures. To record from the brains of zebrafish larvae, the dorsum of the head of an intact larva was secured onto a multi-electrode array. We recorded from individual electrodes for at least three hours and quantified neuronal firing frequency, spike patterns (continuous or bursting), and synchrony of neuronal firing. Following 15 mM potassium chloride- or pentylenetetrazole-infusion into the bath, spike and burst rate increased significantly. Additionally, synchrony of neuronal firing across channels, a hallmark of epileptic seizures, also increased. Notably, the fish survived the experiment. This non-invasive method complements present invasive zebrafish neurophysiological techniques: it affords the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution, a capacity to measure multiregional activity and neuronal synchrony in seizures, and fish survival for future experiments, such as studies of epileptogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Meyer
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sameer C. Dhamne
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. LaCoursiere
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dimira Tambunan
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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296
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McCammon JM, Sive H. Challenges in understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics: a role for zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:647-56. [PMID: 26092527 PMCID: PMC4486859 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of psychiatric disorders presents three major challenges to the research and clinical community: defining a genotype associated with a disorder, characterizing the molecular pathology of each disorder and developing new therapies. This Review addresses how cellular and animal systems can help to meet these challenges, with an emphasis on the role of the zebrafish. Genetic changes account for a large proportion of psychiatric disorders and, as gene variants that predispose to psychiatric disease are beginning to be identified in patients, these are tractable for study in cellular and animal systems. Defining cellular and molecular criteria associated with each disorder will help to uncover causal physiological changes in patients and will lead to more objective diagnostic criteria. These criteria should also define co-morbid pathologies within the nervous system or in other organ systems. The definition of genotypes and of any associated pathophysiology is integral to the development of new therapies. Cell culture-based approaches can address these challenges by identifying cellular pathology and by high-throughput screening of gene variants and potential therapeutics. Whole-animal systems can define the broadest function of disorder-associated gene variants and the organismal impact of candidate medications. Given its evolutionary conservation with humans and its experimental tractability, the zebrafish offers several advantages to psychiatric disorder research. These include assays ranging from molecular to behavioural, and capability for chemical screening. There is optimism that the multiple approaches discussed here will link together effectively to provide new diagnostics and treatments for psychiatric patients. Summary: In this review, we discuss strengths and limitations of prevalent laboratory models that are used for understanding psychiatric disorders and developing therapeutics, with emphasis on the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M McCammon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hazel Sive
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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297
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Advancing epilepsy treatment through personalized genetic zebrafish models. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 226:195-207. [PMID: 27323944 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With an increase in the number of disease causing genetic mutations identified from epilepsy cohorts, zebrafish are proving to be an attractive vertebrate model for functional analysis of these allele variants. Not only do zebrafish have conserved gene functions, but larvae harboring mutations in identified human epileptic genes show spontaneous seizure activity and mimic the convulsive behavioral movements observed in humans. With zebrafish being compatible with medium to high-throughput screening, they are also proving to be a unique and powerful system for early preclinical drug screening, including novel target identification, pharmacology, and toxicology. Additionally, with recent advances in genomic engineering technologies, it is now possible to study the precise pathophysiology of patient-specific gene mutations in zebrafish. The following sections highlight how the unique attributes of zebrafish, in combination with genetic modifications, are continuing to transform our understanding of epilepsy and help identify personalized therapeutics for specific patient cohorts.
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298
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Lopes MW, Sapio MR, Leal RB, Fricker LD. Knockdown of Carboxypeptidase A6 in Zebrafish Larvae Reduces Response to Seizure-Inducing Drugs and Causes Changes in the Level of mRNAs Encoding Signaling Molecules. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152905. [PMID: 27050163 PMCID: PMC4822968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is an extracellular matrix metallocarboxypeptidase that modulates peptide and protein function by removal of hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids. Mutations in the human CPA6 gene that reduce enzymatic activity in the extracellular matrix are associated with febrile seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The characterization of these human mutations suggests a dominant mode of inheritance by haploinsufficiency through loss of function mutations, however the total number of humans with pathologic mutations in CPA6 identified to date remains small. To better understand the relationship between CPA6 and seizures we investigated the effects of morpholino knockdown of cpa6 mRNA in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA resulted in resistance to the effect of seizure-inducing drugs pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine on swimming behaviors. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA also reduced the levels of mRNAs encoding neuropeptide precursors (bdnf, npy, chga, pcsk1nl, tac1, nts, edn1), a neuropeptide processing enzyme (cpe), transcription factor (c-fos), and molecules implicated in glutamatergic signaling (grin1a and slc1a2b). Treatment of zebrafish embryos with 60 mM pilocarpine for 1 hour led to reductions in levels of many of the same mRNAs when measured 1 day after pilocarpine exposure, except for c-fos which was elevated 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Pilocarpine treatment, like cpa6 knockdown, led to a reduced sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole when tested 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Taken together, these results add to mounting evidence that peptidergic systems participate in the biological effects of seizure-inducing drugs, and are the first in vivo demonstration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of cpa6 insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark William Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo B. Leal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lloyd D. Fricker
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Altered Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0008-16. [PMID: 27066534 PMCID: PMC4820792 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0008-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is an important feature of many epileptic syndromes but has not been reported in Dravet syndrome (DS), a catastrophic childhood epilepsy associated with mutations in a voltage-activated sodium channel, Nav1.1 (SCN1A). To address this, we developed novel methodology to assess real-time changes in bioenergetics in zebrafish larvae between 4 and 6 d postfertilization (dpf). Baseline and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) stimulated glycolytic flux and mitochondrial respiration were simultaneously assessed using a Seahorse Biosciences extracellular flux analyzer. Scn1Lab mutant zebrafish showed a decrease in baseline glycolytic rate and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to controls. A ketogenic diet formulation rescued mutant zebrafish metabolism to control levels. Increasing neuronal excitability with 4-AP resulted in an immediate increase in glycolytic rates in wild-type zebrafish, whereas mitochondrial OCR increased slightly and quickly recovered to baseline values. In contrast, scn1Lab mutant zebrafish showed a significantly slower and exaggerated increase of both glycolytic rates and OCR after 4-AP. The underlying mechanism of decreased baseline OCR in scn1Lab mutants was not because of altered mitochondrial DNA content or dysfunction of enzymes in the electron transport chain or tricarboxylic acid cycle. Examination of glucose metabolism using a PCR array identified five glycolytic genes that were downregulated in scn1Lab mutant zebrafish. Our findings in scn1Lab mutant zebrafish suggest that glucose and mitochondrial hypometabolism contribute to the pathophysiology of DS.
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Becerra-Amezcua MP, Guerrero-Legarreta I, González-Márquez H, Guzmán-García X. In vivo analysis of effects of venom from the jellyfish Chrysaora sp. in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicon 2016; 113:49-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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