251
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Sierra T, Crevillen AG, Escarpa A. Electrochemical detection based on nanomaterials in CE and microfluidic systems. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:113-123. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sierra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcala; Madrid Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Agustin G. Crevillen
- Department of Analytical Sciences; Faculty of Sciences; Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcala; Madrid Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR); University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
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252
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Andronico LA, Chen L, Mirasoli M, Guardigli M, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M, Trombini C, Chiu DT, Roda A. Thermochemiluminescent semiconducting polymer dots as sensitive nanoprobes for reagentless immunoassay. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14012-14021. [PMID: 29995031 PMCID: PMC6065506 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemiluminescence (TCL) is a potentially simple and sensitive detection principle, as the light emission is simply elicited by thermally-triggered decomposition of a molecule to produce a singlet excited-state product. Here we report about TCL semiconductive polymer dots (TCL-Pdots) obtained by doping fluorescent cyano-polyphenylene vinylene (CN-PPV) Pdots with an acridine 1,2-dioxetane derivative. The TCL-Pdots showed remarkable stability over time and minimum leaching of the thermo-responsive species. Furthermore, detectability of TCL-Pdots was improved by taking advantage of both the high number of 1,2-dioxetanes entrapped in each nanoparticle (about 20 molecules per Pdot) and the 5-fold enhancement of TCL emission due to energy transfer from 1,2-dioxetane to the polymer matrix, which itself acted as an energy acceptor. Indeed, upon heating the TCL-Pdots to 110 °C, 1,2-dioxetane decomposes generating an acridanone product in its electronically excited state. The latter transfers its energy to the surrounding CN-PPV chains via the Förster mechanism (φFRET about 80%), resulting in intense yellow light emission (550 nm wavelength). We next conjugated streptavidin onto the surface of these TCL-Pdots and demonstrated their suitability for use in biological studies. In particular, we used TCL-Pdots as labels in a model non-competitive immunoassay for IgG detection, which showed a LOD of 13 nM IgG and a dynamic range extending up to 230 nM. By combining the biocompatibility, brightness and tunability of Pdot fluorescence emission with the thermally-triggered reagentless light generation from TCL 1,2-dioxetanes, a broad panel of ultrabright TCL nanosystems could be designed for a variety of bioscience applications, even in multiplexed formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca A Andronico
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA.
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Trombini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195 USA.
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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253
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Chaves R, Sia SK. Evolution of Materials in Novel Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1125-1126. [PMID: 29222340 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.273060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chaves
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
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254
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Liu W, Das J, Mepham AH, Nemr CR, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. A fully-integrated and automated testing device for PCR-free viral nucleic acid detection in whole blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1928-1935. [PMID: 29881833 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrated devices for automated nucleic acid testing (NAT) are critical for infectious disease diagnosis to be performed outside of centralized laboratories. The gold standard methods for NAT are enzymatic amplification methods like the polymerase chain reaction that typically require expensive equipment and highly-trained personnel, limiting use in low-resource settings. A low-cost, integrated, rapid, portable and user-friendly point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid diagnostic device will improve the accessibility of NAT. Here, we present a fully integrated and simple-to-use POC device operated by a passive fluidic method that is able to perform a sequential multi-step assay to detect viral nucleic acids in blood. This simple device enabled the rapid detection of hepatitis C virus in blood in approximately 30 minutes with minimal sample handling by the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Liu
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9 Canada.
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255
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Seder I, Kim DM, Hwang SH, Sung H, Kim DE, Kim SJ. Microfluidic chip with movable layers for the manipulation of biochemicals. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1867-1874. [PMID: 29877550 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective platform that can conglomerate various microfluidic functions in a single chip is essential for many bioassays, especially for point-of-care testing applications. Here, a chip that exploits surface tension in solutions with movable top and bottom layers is presented, for use in fluid transport, mixing, maintaining metered volumes, and biomolecule capture and release. The chip has open chambers in vertically mobile top layers and rotationally mobile bottom layers to exploit surface tension in biochemical solutions, and implements control over fluid motion. To manipulate biomolecules, a vertically mobile tip with a permanent magnet at the top layer performs collection, transport, release, and dispersion of magnetic beads. Thus, the chip orchestrates various fluidic control functions without using on-chip valves and pumps that increase operational and structural complexity. To demonstrate its utility, the chip performs automated DNA extraction by obtaining genomic DNA from a sample containing cells. Our approach provides a useful and effective alternative to numerous platforms that use active and passive on-chip components for bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Seder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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256
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Sequentially multiplexed amperometry for electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:522-529. [PMID: 29982123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed electrochemical biosensors are intriguing due to their capability to permit high-throughput and low-cost assays. While commercial single-chip potentiostats are one promising approach for rapidly prototyping portable and low-cost electrochemical biosensors, it is still challenging to utilize them to achieve parallel multiplexing due to the limited resources integrated onto the chips. In this paper, we provide a methodology for incorporating multiplexing into commercial single-chip potentiostats by using a sequential architecture. In the sequential architecture, the multiplexed biosensors are interfaced to the single-chip potentiostat via single-pole single-throw switches, and the measurements alternate across the sensors. We build analytical and finite element models to investigate the behavior of the sensors, particularly when they are disconnected from the potentiostat, and find that we can take advantage of the dynamics of the sensors to achieve improved sensitivity over conventional chronoamperometry. We also investigate and compare different strategies to interface the multiplexed sensors to the single-chip potentiostat. Using the proposed multiplexing architecture, we demonstrate the implementation of 16-fold multiplexed amperometry, which is validated using ferricyanide measurement. Finally, the sequential multiplexing methodology is applied to a multiplexed bead-based electronic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of human interleukin-6.
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257
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Applegate TL, Fajardo E, Sacks JA. Hepatitis C Virus Diagnosis and the Holy Grail. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2018; 32:425-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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258
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Ciui B, Tertiş M, Cernat A, Săndulescu R, Wang J, Cristea C. Finger-Based Printed Sensors Integrated on a Glove for On-Site Screening Of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7761-7768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ciui
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertiş
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Romania
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259
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Park KS. Nucleic acid aptamer-based methods for diagnosis of infections. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:179-188. [PMID: 29136589 PMCID: PMC7125563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a serious global problem, which not only take an enormous human toll but also incur tremendous economic losses. In combating infectious diseases, rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are required for pathogen identification at the point of care (POC). In this review, investigations of diagnostic strategies for infectious diseases that are based on aptamers, especially nucleic acid aptamers, oligonucleotides that have high affinities and specificities toward their targets, are described. Owing to their unique features including low cost of production, easy chemical modification, high chemical stability, reproducibility, and low levels of immunogenicity and toxicity, aptamers have been widely utilized as bio-recognition elements (bio-receptors) for the development of infection diagnostic systems. We discuss nucleic acid aptamer-based methods that have been developed for diagnosis of infections using a format that organizes discussion according to the target pathogenic analytes including toxins or proteins, whole cells and nucleic acids. Also included is, a summary of recent advances made in the sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria utilizing the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method. Lastly, a nucleic acid aptamer-based POC system is described and future directions of studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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260
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Ciui B, Martin A, Mishra RK, Brunetti B, Nakagawa T, Dawkins TJ, Lyu M, Cristea C, Sandulescu R, Wang J. Wearable Wireless Tyrosinase Bandage and Microneedle Sensors: Toward Melanoma Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701264. [PMID: 29345430 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wearable bendable bandage-based sensor and a minimally invasive microneedle biosensor are described toward rapid screening of skin melanoma. These wearable electrochemical sensors are capable of detecting the presence of the tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme cancer biomarker in the presence of its catechol substrate, immobilized on the transducer surface. In the presence of the surface TYR biomarker, the immobilized catechol is rapidly converted to benzoquinone that is detected amperometrically, with a current signal proportional to the TYR level. The flexible epidermal bandage sensor relies on printing stress-enduring inks which display good resiliency against mechanical deformations, whereas the hollow microneedle device is filled with catechol-coated carbon paste for assessing tissue TYR levels. The bandage sensor can thus be used directly on the skin whereas microneedle device can reach melanoma tissues under the skin. Both wearable sensors are interfaced to an ultralight flexible electronic board, which transmits data wirelessly to a mobile device. The analytical performance of the resulting bandage and microneedle sensing systems are evaluated using TYR-containing agarose phantom gel and porcine skin. The new integrated conformal portable sensing platforms hold considerable promise for decentralized melanoma screening, and can be extended to the screening of other key biomarkers in skin moles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ciui
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Analytical Chemistry Department, UMF, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania
| | - Aida Martin
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rupesh K Mishra
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- DeFENS, University of Milan, Milan, I-20133, Italy
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Thomas J Dawkins
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mengjia Lyu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, UMF, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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261
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Shu B, Li Z, Yang X, Xiao F, Lin D, Lei X, Xu B, Liu D. Active droplet-array (ADA) microfluidics enables multiplexed complex bioassays for point of care testing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2232-2235. [PMID: 29431774 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel and versatile microfluidic technology that allows parallel and multi-step bioanalytical procedures to be simply implemented by switching reagent-containing droplet arrays among alternative interaction zones for intended mass or energy transport in a programmable manner. This enables multiplexed complex bioassays for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
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262
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Giedraityte Z, Tuomisto M, Lastusaari M, Karppinen M. Three- and Two-Photon NIR-to-Vis (Yb,Er) Upconversion from ALD/MLD-Fabricated Molecular Hybrid Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8845-8852. [PMID: 29446918 PMCID: PMC6168183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report blue, green, and red upconversion emissions with strongly angular-dependent intensities for a new type of hybrid (Y,Yb,Er)-pyrazine thin films realized using the atomic/molecular layer deposition thin-film fabrication technology. The luminescence emissions in our amorphous (Y,Yb,Er)-pyrazine thin films of a controllable nanothickness originate from three- and two-photon NIR-to-vis excitation processes. In addition to shielding the lanthanide ions from nonradiative de-excitation, the network of interconnected organic molecules serves as an excellent matrix for the Yb3+-to-Er3+ excitation energy transfer. This suggests a new approach to achieve efficient upconverting molecular materials with the potential to be used for next-generation medical diagnostics, waveguides, and surface-sensitive detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivile Giedraityte
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Minnea Tuomisto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Doctoral
Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Lastusaari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku
University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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263
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Manoto SL, Lugongolo M, Govender U, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Point of Care Diagnostics for HIV in Resource Limited Settings: An Overview. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E3. [PMID: 30344234 PMCID: PMC6037236 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem. Early diagnosis, rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and monitoring of viral load are the key strategies for effective HIV management. Many people in resource limited settings where timely access to medical care is a challenge and healthcare infrastructure is poor have no access to laboratory facilities and diagnosis is dependent on the presence of point of care (POC) devices. POC instruments have shown to be easy to operate, maintain and transport and can easily be operated by less skilled health workers. Additionally, POC tests do not require laboratory technicians to operate. POC devices have resulted in a growing number of people testing for HIV and thereby receiving treatment early. In recent years, there has been great improvement in the development of POC technologies for early HIV diagnosis, HIV viral load and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) measurement. This review discusses POC technologies that are currently available and in the pipeline for diagnosing and monitoring HIV. We also give an overview of the technical and commercialization challenges in POC diagnostics for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sello Lebohang Manoto
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Masixole Lugongolo
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics, NB Pityana Building, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa.
| | | | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics, NB Pityana Building, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa.
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264
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Restaino SM, White IM. Real-time multiplexed PCR using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in a thermoplastic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:832-839. [PMID: 29436552 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential to enable point-of-care sensing across the spectrum of chemical and biological analytes. In diagnostic assays, SERS has been demonstrated to increase the multiplexing density while reducing the burden of fluorescence hardware. One particular application of interest is the use of SERS to provide a multiplexed optical read-out following polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To date, however, the reported PCR-SERS assays require endpoint mixing with a plasmonic nanoparticle solution for detection, thus adding manual steps and preventing real-time, quantitative PCR. In this work, we detail a real-time PCR-SERS thermoplastic microsystem that allows simultaneous nucleic acid amplification and product separation into a SERS-active silver colloid for real-time detection. Specifically, a laser cut thermoplastic fluidic chip has been devised to utilize a dialysis membrane capable of isolating a PCR reaction from the silver colloid. As the reaction progresses, a Raman-reporter-labeled DNA probe is degraded, liberating the reporter from probe DNA, allowing passage across the size-restricting dialysis membrane into the SERS-active colloid, where the accumulating reporter can be measured in real time. Here, we demonstrate that this system is capable of real-time and single-well multiplexed readout of a PCR reaction to simultaneously detect two biomarker genes for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Restaino
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
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265
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Rauta PR, Hallur PM, Chaubey A. Gold nanoparticle-based rapid detection and isolation of cells using ligand-receptor chemistry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2893. [PMID: 29440656 PMCID: PMC5811494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and isolation of low-frequency cells of interest from a heterogeneous cell mixture is an important aspect of many diagnostic applications (including enumeration of circulating tumor cells) and is integral to various assays in (cancer) biology. Current techniques typically require expensive instrumentation and are not amenable to high throughput. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective platform for cell detection and isolation using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) i.e. Au-PEG-HA NPs. The proposed platform exploits ligand-receptor chemistry to detect/isolate cells with high specificity and efficiency. When the Au-PEG-HA NPs come in contact with cells that express CD44 (the receptor for HA), a clear colorimetric change occurs (along with an accompanying SPR peak shift from 521 nm to 559 nm) in the solution due to NPs-cell interaction. This clearly discernible, colorimetric change can be leveraged by point-of-care devices employed in diagnostic applications. Finally, we show that we can successfully isolate viable cells from a heterogeneous cell population (including from human blood samples) with high specificity, which can be used in further downstream applications. The developed NPs-based platform can be a convenient and cost-efficient alternative for diagnostic applications and for cell isolation or sorting in research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ranjan Rauta
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Pavan M Hallur
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Aditya Chaubey
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India.
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266
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Ereku LT, Mackay RE, Craw P, Naveenathayalan A, Stead T, Branavan M, Balachandran W. RPA using a multiplexed cartridge for low cost point of care diagnostics in the field. Anal Biochem 2018; 547:84-88. [PMID: 29447855 PMCID: PMC5884738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A point of care device utilising Lab-on-a-Chip technologies that is applicable for biological pathogens was designed, fabricated and tested showing sample in to answer out capabilities. The purpose of the design was to develop a cartridge with the capability to perform nucleic acid extraction and purification from a sample using a chitosan membrane at an acidic pH. Waste was stored within the cartridge with the use of sodium polyacrylate to solidify or gelate the sample in a single chamber. Nucleic acid elution was conducted using the RPA amplification reagents (alkaline pH). Passive valves were used to regulate the fluid flow and a multiplexer was designed to distribute the fluid into six microchambers for amplification reactions. Cartridges were produced using soft lithography of silicone from 3D printed moulds, bonded to glass substrates. The isothermal technique, RPA is employed for amplification. This paper shows the results from two separate experiments: the first using the RPA control nucleic acid, the second showing successful amplification from Chlamydia Trachomatis. Endpoint analysis conducted for the RPA analysis was gel electrophoresis that showed 143 base pair DNA was amplified successfully for positive samples whilst negative samples did not show amplification. End point analysis for Chlamydia Trachomatis samples was fluorescence detection that showed successful detection of 1 copy/μL and 10 copies/μL spiked in a MES buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luck Tosan Ereku
- Centre for Electronic Systems Research, Electronic and Computer Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Ruth E Mackay
- Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Pascal Craw
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Angel Naveenathayalan
- Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Thomas Stead
- Centre for Electronic Systems Research, Electronic and Computer Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Manorharanehru Branavan
- Centre for Electronic Systems Research, Electronic and Computer Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Wamadeva Balachandran
- Centre for Electronic Systems Research, Electronic and Computer Engineering, CEDPS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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267
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Zarei M. Infectious pathogens meet point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:193-203. [PMID: 29428589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics provides the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases which is essential and critical for improving the general public health in resource-limited settings. POC platforms offer many advantages for detection of various pathogens including portability, automation, speed, cost, and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent trends for POC diagnostics of infectious diseases with focus on portable platforms. We review here the present status of POC platforms, emphasizing in period of the past three years, then extrapolate their advance into the future applications for diagnosis of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemical and Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, P.O. Box 66177, Kurdistan Province 66618-36336, Iran.
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268
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Loynachan C, Thomas MR, Gray ER, Richards DA, Kim J, Miller BS, Brookes JC, Agarwal S, Chudasama V, McKendry RA, Stevens MM. Platinum Nanocatalyst Amplification: Redefining the Gold Standard for Lateral Flow Immunoassays with Ultrabroad Dynamic Range. ACS NANO 2018; 12:279-288. [PMID: 29215864 PMCID: PMC5785759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are one of the most widely used point-of-care (PoC) devices; however, their application in early disease diagnostics is often limited due to insufficient sensitivity for the requisite sample sizes and the short time frames of PoC testing. To address this, we developed a serum-stable, nanoparticle catalyst-labeled LFIA with a sensitivity surpassing that of both current commercial and published sensitivities for paper-based detection of p24, one of the earliest and most conserved biomarkers of HIV. We report the synthesis and characterization of porous platinum core-shell nanocatalysts (PtNCs), which show high catalytic activity when exposed to complex human blood serum samples. We explored the application of antibody-functionalized PtNCs with strategically and orthogonally modified nanobodies with high affinity and specificity toward p24 and established the key larger nanoparticle size regimes needed for efficient amplification and performance in LFIA. Harnessing the catalytic amplification of PtNCs enabled naked-eye detection of p24 spiked into sera in the low femtomolar range (ca. 0.8 pg·mL-1) and the detection of acute-phase HIV in clinical human plasma samples in under 20 min. This provides a versatile absorbance-based and rapid LFIA with sensitivity capable of significantly reducing the HIV acute phase detection window. This diagnostic may be readily adapted for detection of other biomolecules as an ultrasensitive screening tool for infectious and noncommunicable diseases and can be capitalized upon in PoC settings for early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen
N. Loynachan
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K.
| | - Michael R. Thomas
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K.
| | - Eleanor R. Gray
- London Centre for Nanotechnology
and the Division of Medicine, and Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, 17−19
Gordon Street, London WC1H
0AH, U.K.
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K.
| | - Benjamin S. Miller
- London Centre for Nanotechnology
and the Division of Medicine, and Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, 17−19
Gordon Street, London WC1H
0AH, U.K.
| | - Jennifer C. Brookes
- London Centre for Nanotechnology
and the Division of Medicine, and Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, 17−19
Gordon Street, London WC1H
0AH, U.K.
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Rachel A. McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology
and the Division of Medicine, and Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, 17−19
Gordon Street, London WC1H
0AH, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, U.K.
- E-mail:
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269
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Fang CC, Chou CC, Yang YQ, Wei-Kai T, Wang YT, Chan YH. Multiplexed Detection of Tumor Markers with Multicolor Polymer Dot-Based Immunochromatography Test Strip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2134-2140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Quan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tsai Wei-Kai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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270
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Bauer M, Kulinsky L. Fabrication of a Lab-on-Chip Device Using Material Extrusion (3D Printing) and Demonstration via Malaria-Ab ELISA. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9010027. [PMID: 30393303 PMCID: PMC6187338 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), has been increasingly employed to produce microfluidic platforms due to ease of use, wide distribution of affordable 3D printers and relatively inexpensive materials for printing. In this work, we discuss fabrication and testing of an FDM-printed fully automated colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect malaria. The detection platform consists of a disposable 3D-printed fluidic cartridge (with elastomeric silicone domes on top of reagent-storage reservoirs) and a nondisposable frame with servomotors and electronic controls such as an Arduino board and a rechargeable battery. The system is controlled by a novel interface where a music file (so-called “song”) is sent to the Arduino board, where the onboard program converts the set of frequencies into action of individual servomotors to rotate their arms a certain amount, thus depressing specific elastomeric domes atop reagent reservoirs and displacing the specific reagents into the detection wells, where bioassay steps are executed. Another of the distinguished characteristics of the demonstrated system is its ability to aspirate the fluid from the detection wells into the waste reservoir. Therefore, the demonstrated automated platform has the ability to execute even the most complex multi-step assays where dilution and multiple washes are required. Optimization of 3D-printer settings and ways to control leakages typical of FDM-printed fluidic systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bauer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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271
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Merli D, La Cognata S, Balduzzi F, Miljkovic A, Toma L, Amendola V. A smart supramolecular device for the detection of t,t-muconic acid in urine. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An indicator displacement assay is applied in the fluorescence detection of urinary t,t-muconic acid at the occupational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | | - Ana Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
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272
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Yesilkoy F, Terborg RA, Pello J, Belushkin AA, Jahani Y, Pruneri V, Altug H. Phase-sensitive plasmonic biosensor using a portable and large field-of-view interferometric microarray imager. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17152. [PMID: 30839537 PMCID: PMC6060062 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics, and more specifically plasmonics, provides a rich toolbox for biomolecular sensing, since the engineered metasurfaces can enhance light-matter interactions to unprecedented levels. So far, biosensing associated with high-quality factor plasmonic resonances has almost exclusively relied on detection of spectral shifts and their associated intensity changes. However, the phase response of the plasmonic resonances have rarely been exploited, mainly because this requires a more sophisticated optical arrangement. Here we present a new phase-sensitive platform for high-throughput and label-free biosensing enhanced by plasmonics. It employs specifically designed Au nanohole arrays and a large field-of-view interferometric lens-free imaging reader operating in a collinear optical path configuration. This unique combination allows the detection of atomically thin (angstrom-level) topographical features over large areas, enabling simultaneous reading of thousands of microarray elements. As the plasmonic chips are fabricated using scalable techniques and the imaging reader is built with low-cost off-the-shelf consumer electronic and optical components, the proposed platform is ideal for point-of-care ultrasensitive biomarker detection from small sample volumes. Our research opens new horizons for on-site disease diagnostics and remote health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yesilkoy
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Terborg
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Josselin Pello
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alexander A Belushkin
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasaman Jahani
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO—Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of BioEngineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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273
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Li H, Han D, Pauletti GM, Steckl AJ. Engineering a simple lateral flow device for animal blood coagulation monitoring. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:014110. [PMID: 29430275 PMCID: PMC5780276 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of animals are diagnosed with thromboembolism, requiring anticoagulation treatment to prevent thrombotic events. Frequent and periodic coagulation monitoring is critical to ensure treatment effectiveness and patient safety by limiting blood coagulation ability within the desired therapeutic range. Point-of-care diagnostics is an ideal candidate for frequent coagulation monitoring due to rapid test results and no need for laboratory setting. This article reports the first utilization of no-reaction lateral flow assay (nrLFA) device for simple and low-cost animal blood coagulation monitoring in resource-limited setting. The nrLFA device consists of sample pad, analytical membrane and wicking pad, without conjugate pad, reagent printing or membrane drying. Citrated and heparinized animal blood were utilized to mimic different blood coagulation abilities in vitro by adding reversal agents CaCl2 and protamine sulfate. The travel distance of red blood cells (RBCs) on the nrLFA after a pre-determined test time serves as endpoint marker. Upon adding 500 mM CaCl2 solution to citrated bovine, canine, rabbit and equine blood, the average travel distance decreases from 10.9 to 9.4 mm, 8.8 to 5.7 mm, 12.6 to 9 mm, and 15.3 to 11.3 mm, respectively. For heparinized bovine and rabbit blood, the average distance decreases from 14.5 to 11.4 mm and from 9.8 to 7.2 mm, respectively, when adding 300 mg/l protamine sulfate solution. The effect of hematocrit on RBC travel distance in the nrLFA was also investigated. The nrLFA device will potentially improve treatment efficiency, patient safety, quality of life, and satisfaction for both animal patients and their owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Daewoo Han
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Giovanni M Pauletti
- Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Andrew J Steckl
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
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274
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Nourse MB, Engel K, Anekal SG, Bailey JA, Bhatta P, Bhave DP, Chandrasekaran S, Chen Y, Chow S, Das U, Galil E, Gong X, Gessert SF, Ha KD, Hu R, Hyland L, Jammalamadaka A, Jayasurya K, Kemp TM, Kim AN, Lee LS, Liu YL, Nguyen A, O'Leary J, Pangarkar CH, Patel PJ, Quon K, Ramachandran PL, Rappaport AR, Roy J, Sapida JF, Sergeev NV, Shee C, Shenoy R, Sivaraman S, Sosa‐Padilla B, Tran L, Trent A, Waggoner TC, Wodziak D, Yuan A, Zhao P, Young DL, Robertson CR, Holmes EA. Engineering of a miniaturized, robotic clinical laboratory. Bioeng Transl Med 2018; 3:58-70. [PMID: 29376134 PMCID: PMC5773944 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perform laboratory testing near the patient and with smaller blood volumes would benefit patients and physicians alike. We describe our design of a miniaturized clinical laboratory system with three components: a hardware platform (ie, the miniLab) that performs preanalytical and analytical processing steps using miniaturized sample manipulation and detection modules, an assay-configurable cartridge that provides consumable materials and assay reagents, and a server that communicates bidirectionally with the miniLab to manage assay-specific protocols and analyze, store, and report results (i.e., the virtual analyzer). The miniLab can detect analytes in blood using multiple methods, including molecular diagnostics, immunoassays, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Analytical performance results show that our qualitative Zika virus assay has a limit of detection of 55 genomic copies/ml. For our anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 immunoglobulin G, lipid panel, and lymphocyte subset panel assays, the miniLab has low imprecision, and method comparison results agree well with those from the United States Food and Drug Administration-cleared devices. With its small footprint and versatility, the miniLab has the potential to provide testing of a range of analytes in decentralized locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Engel
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | | | - Pradeep Bhatta
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | | | - Yutao Chen
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Steven Chow
- EngineeringTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Ushati Das
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Erez Galil
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Xinwei Gong
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | - Kevin D. Ha
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Ran Hu
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Laura Hyland
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | - Karthik Jayasurya
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Timothy M. Kemp
- Software DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Andrew N. Kim
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Lucie S. Lee
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Yang Lily Liu
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Alphonso Nguyen
- Systems IntegrationTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Jared O'Leary
- Systems IntegrationTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | - Paul J. Patel
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Ken Quon
- Software DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | | | - Joy Roy
- EngineeringTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | | | - Chandan Shee
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Renuka Shenoy
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | | | - Lorraine Tran
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Amanda Trent
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | | | - Dariusz Wodziak
- Assay DevelopmentTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Amy Yuan
- Systems IntegrationTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Peter Zhao
- EngineeringTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
| | - Daniel L. Young
- Computational BiosciencesTheranos, 7373 Gateway BoulevardNewarkCA 94560
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275
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Advances in point-of-care technologies for molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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276
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Booth MA, Gowers SAN, Leong CL, Rogers ML, Samper IC, Wickham AP, Boutelle MG. Chemical Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Recent Developments toward Real-Time Chemical Monitoring of Patients. Anal Chem 2017; 90:2-18. [PMID: 29083872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsilea A Booth
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A N Gowers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Leng Leong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle C Samper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan P Wickham
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn G Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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277
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Advanced bioanalytics for precision medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:669-677. [PMID: 29026940 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is a new paradigm that combines diagnostic, imaging, and analytical tools to produce accurate diagnoses and therapeutic interventions tailored to the individual patient. This approach stands in contrast to the traditional "one size fits all" concept, according to which researchers develop disease treatments and preventions for an "average" patient without considering individual differences. The "one size fits all" concept has led to many ineffective or inappropriate treatments, especially for pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Now, precision medicine is receiving massive funding in many countries, thanks to its social and economic potential in terms of improved disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Bioanalytical chemistry is critical to precision medicine. This is because identifying an appropriate tailored therapy requires researchers to collect and analyze information on each patient's specific molecular biomarkers (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites). In other words, precision diagnostics is not possible without precise bioanalytical chemistry. This Trend article highlights some of the most recent advances, including massive analysis of multilayer omics, and new imaging technique applications suitable for implementing precision medicine. Graphical abstract Precision medicine combines bioanalytical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, and imaging tools for performing accurate diagnoses and selecting optimal therapies for each patient.
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278
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Kim MS, Kweon SH, Cho S, An SSA, Kim MI, Doh J, Lee J. Pt-Decorated Magnetic Nanozymes for Facile and Sensitive Point-of-Care Bioassay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35133-35140. [PMID: 28944656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of facile and sensitive bioassays is important for many point-of-care applications. In this study, we fulfilled such demand by synthesizing Pt-decorated magnetic nanozymes and developing a bioassay based on unique properties of the newly synthesized nanozymes. Fe3O4-Pt/core-shell nanoparticles (MPt/CS NPs) with various compositions were synthesized and characterized. Fe3O4 NP itself is a good nanozyme with catalytic activity superior to that of natural enzymes, but catalytic activity can be further improved by incorporating Pt to the outer layers of the Fe3O4 NPs and building heterogeneous nanostructures. Magnetic properties of MPt/CS NPs enable magnetic enrichment of liquid samples, whereas catalytic properties of MPt/CS NPs allow signal amplification by enzyme-like reactions. By integrating MPt/CS NPs in lateral flow immunoassay strips, one of the widely used point-of-care bioassay devices, and harnessing magnetic and enzyme-like properties of MPt/CS NPs, an increase in sensitivity of two orders of magnitude was achieved compared to the sensitivity of conventional lateral flow immunoassay based on Au nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Kweon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), POSTECH , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Cho
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University , Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), POSTECH , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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279
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Makaraviciute A, Xu X, Nyholm L, Zhang Z. Systematic Approach to the Development of Microfabricated Biosensors: Relationship between Gold Surface Pretreatment and Thiolated Molecule Binding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26610-26621. [PMID: 28726367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of microfabricated biosensors due to advances in technologic and surface functionalization strategies, their successful implementation is partially inhibited by the lack of consistency in their analytical characteristics. One of the main causes for the discrepancies is the absence of a systematic and comprehensive approach to surface functionalization. In this article microfabricated gold electrodes aimed at biosensor development have been systematically characterized in terms of surface pretreatment, thiolated molecule binding, and reproducibility by means of X-ray photoelectron scattering (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It has been shown that after SU-8 photolithography gold surfaces were markedly contaminated, which decreased the effective surface area and surface coverage of a model molecule mercaptohexanol (MCH). Three surface pretreatment methods compatible with microfabricated devices were compared. The investigated methods were (i) cyclic voltammetry in dilute H2SO4, (ii) gentle basic piranha followed by linear sweep voltammetry in dilute KOH, and (iii) oxygen plasma treatment followed by incubation in ethanol. It was shown that all three methods significantly decreased the contamination and increased MCH surface coverage. Most importantly, it was also revealed that surface pretreatments may induce structural changes to the gold surfaces. Accordingly, these alterations influence the characteristics of MCH functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Makaraviciute
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xingxing Xu
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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280
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Chan HN, Tan MJA, Wu H. Point-of-care testing: applications of 3D printing. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2713-2739. [PMID: 28702608 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices fulfil a critical need in the modern healthcare ecosystem, enabling the decentralized delivery of imperative clinical strategies in both developed and developing worlds. To achieve diagnostic utility and clinical impact, POCT technologies are immensely dependent on effective translation from academic laboratories out to real-world deployment. However, the current research and development pipeline is highly bottlenecked owing to multiple restraints in material, cost, and complexity of conventionally available fabrication techniques. Recently, 3D printing technology has emerged as a revolutionary, industry-compatible method enabling cost-effective, facile, and rapid manufacturing of objects. This has allowed iterative design-build-test cycles of various things, from microfluidic chips to smartphone interfaces, that are geared towards point-of-care applications. In this review, we focus on highlighting recent works that exploit 3D printing in developing POCT devices, underscoring its utility in all analytical steps. Moreover, we also discuss key advantages of adopting 3D printing in the device development pipeline and identify promising opportunities in 3D printing technology that can benefit global health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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281
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Hassan MM, Ranzoni A, Cooper MA. A nanoparticle-based method for culture-free bacterial DNA enrichment from whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:150-155. [PMID: 28753457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are one of the quick and sensitive detection approaches used in current clinical applications, but always face a performance tradeoff between time-to-result and assay sensitivity. One critical setting where these limitations are evident is the detection of sepsis, where 6-10mL of whole blood may contain as little as one bacterial colony forming unit (cfu). The large sample volume, complex nature of the sample and low analyte concentration necessitates signal enhancement using culture-based or molecular amplification techniques. In the time-critical diagnosis of sepsis, waiting for up to 24h to produce sufficient DNA for analysis is not possible. As a consequence, there is a need for integrated sample preparation methods that could enable shorter detection times, whilst maintaining high analytical performance. We report the development of a culture-free bacterial enrichment method to concentrate bacteria from whole blood in less than 3h. The method relies on triple-enrichment steps to magnetically concentrate bacterial cells and their DNA with a 500-fold reduction in sample volume (from 10 to 0.02mL). Using this sample preparation method, sensitive qPCR detection of the extracted S. aureus bacterial DNA was achieved with a detection limit of 5±0.58cfu/mL within a total elapsed time of 4h; much faster than conventional culture-based approaches. The method could be fully automated for integration into clinical practice for point-of-care or molecular detection of bacterial DNA from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Hassan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Ranzoni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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282
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Li J, Bai Z, Mao Y, Sun Q, Ning X, Zheng J. Disposable Sandwich-type Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Glucose Based on Boronate Affinity. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
| | - Zhanming Bai
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Mao
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ning
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zheng
- Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Northwest University, Xi'an 710069; P.R. China
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283
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Cánovas R, Parrilla M, Blondeau P, Andrade FJ. A novel wireless paper-based potentiometric platform for monitoring glucose in blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2500-2507. [PMID: 28653727 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel low-cost, compact and sensitive paper-based platform for the accurate monitoring of glucose in biological fluids is presented. Paper-based working and reference electrodes are combined to build a whole potentiometric cell, which also fits a sampling module for simple and fast determination of glucose in a single drop of blood. The working electrode is built using a platinized filter paper coated with a Nafion membrane that entraps the enzyme glucose oxidase; the reference electrode is made by casting a polyvinylbutyral-based membrane onto a conductive paper. The system works by detecting the hydrogen peroxide generated as a result of the enzymatic reaction. Selectivity is achieved due to the permselective behaviour of Nafion, while a significant enhancement of the sensitivity is reached by exploiting the Donnan-coupled formal potential. Under optimum conditions, a sensitivity of -95.9 ± 4.8 mV per decade in the 0.3-3 mM range is obtained. Validation of the measurements has been performed against standard methods in human serum and blood. Final integration with a wireless reader allows for truly in situ measurements with a less than 2 minute procedure including a two-point calibration, washing and measurement. This low-cost analytical device opens up new prospects for rapid diagnostic results in non-laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cánovas
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marc Parrilla
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Pascal Blondeau
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Andrade
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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284
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang L, Lan F, Yu J. Sudoku-like Lab-on-Paper Cyto-Device with Dual Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence Intermediates Strategy. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Feifei Lan
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and §Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement
of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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285
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Gaiteri JC, Henley WH, Siegfried NA, Linz TH, Ramsey JM. Use of Ice-Nucleating Proteins To Improve the Performance of Freeze–Thaw Valves in Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5998-6005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Gaiteri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - W. Hampton Henley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nathan A. Siegfried
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas H. Linz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - J. Michael Ramsey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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286
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Kappi FA, Papadopoulos GA, Tsogas GZ, Giokas DL. Low-cost colorimetric assay of biothiols based on the photochemical reduction of silver halides and consumer electronic imaging devices. Talanta 2017; 172:15-22. [PMID: 28602288 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new approach for the determination of free biothiols in biological fluids that exploits some of the basic principles of early photographic chemistry - that was based on silver-halide recording materials - and uses broadly-available imaging devices (i.e. flatbed scanners) as detectors. Specifically, the proposed approach relies on the ability of biothiols to bind to silver ions and dissociate the silver halide crystals thus changing the photosensitivity of silver halide crystal suspension. The changes induced by biothiols on the light intensity transmitted through the silver halide suspension, after photochemical reduction, were measured with a simplified photometric approach that employs a flatbed scanner operating in transmittance mode. The overall analytical procedure for the determination of biothiols was easily executable, fast and could be applied with inexpensive and commercially available materials and reagents. What is more, physiologically relevant biothiol levels could be inspected even by the unattended eye. The developed assay was successfully applied to the determination of biothiols in urine and blood plasma samples with detection limits as low as 10μM, satisfactory recoveries (92-97%), good reproducibility (6.7-8.8%) and high selectivity against other major components of biological fluids. The utility of the method to the determination of reduced/oxidized thiol ratio's as well as its application under natural light illumination, without external energy sources, was also demonstrated and is discussed with regard to point-of need applications in facility-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini A Kappi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - George Z Tsogas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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287
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Introduction to Electrochemical Point-of-Care Devices. Bioanalysis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64801-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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288
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Popov P, Mann EK, Jákli A. Thermotropic liquid crystal films for biosensors and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5061-5078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent results on structural properties and possible bio-sensing applications of planar liquid crystal films are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Popov
- Department of Physics
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Liquid Crystal Institute
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Complex Fluid Group
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