251
|
Ren N, Huang XJ, Huang X, Qian YC, Wang C, Xu ZK. Controllable glycosylation of polyphosphazene via radical thiol-yne click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
252
|
Nagao Y, Takasu A, Boccaccini AR. Anode-Selective Electrophoretic Deposition of a Bioactive Glass/Sulfone-Containing Click Polyester Composite. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300396p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nagao
- Department of Frontier Materials,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Takasu
- Department of Frontier Materials,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Friscourt F, Ledin PA, Mbua NE, Flanagan-Steet HR, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Polar dibenzocyclooctynes for selective labeling of extracellular glycoconjugates of living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5381-9. [PMID: 22376061 PMCID: PMC3319718 DOI: 10.1021/ja3002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions (SPAAC) have found wide utility in biological and material sciences, the low polarity and limited water solubility of commonly used cyclooctynes represent a serious shortcoming. To address this problem, an efficient synthetic route has been developed for highly polar sulfated dibenzocyclooctynylamides (S-DIBO) by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1,2-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamides with trichlorocyclopropenium cation followed by a controlled hydrolysis of the resulting dichlorocyclopropenes to give bis(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclooctacyclopropenones, which were subjected to methoxy group removal of the phenols, O-sulfation, and photochemical unmasking of the cyclopropenone moiety. Accurate rate measurements of the reaction of benzyl azide with various dibenzylcyclooctyne derivatives demonstrated that aromatic substitution and the presence of the amide function had only a marginal impact on the rate constants. Biotinylated S-DIBO 8 was successfully used for labeling azido-containing glycoconjugates of living cells. Furthermore, it was found that the substitution pattern of the dibenzylcyclooctynes influences subcellular location, and in particular it has been shown that DIBO derivative 4 can enter cells, thereby labeling intra- and extracellular azido-modified glycoconjugates, whereas S-DIBO 8 cannot pass the cell membrane and therefore is ideally suited for selective labeling of cell surface molecules. The ability to selectively label cell surface molecules will yield unique opportunities for glycomic analysis and the study of glycoprotein trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Friscourt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Petr A. Ledin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Heaney F. Nitrile Oxide/Alkyne Cycloadditions - A Credible Platform for Synthesis of Bioinspired Molecules by Metal-Free Molecular Clicking. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
255
|
Abstract
There has been intense interest in the development of selective bioorthogonal reactions or "click" chemistry that can proceed in live animals. Until now however, most reactions still require vast surpluses of reactants because of steep temporal and spatial concentration gradients. Using computational modeling and design of pharmacokinetically optimized reactants, we have developed a predictable method for efficient in vivo click reactions. Specifically, we show that polymer modified tetrazines (PMT) are a key enabler for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry based on the very fast and catalyst-free [4 + 2] tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene cycloaddition. Using fluorescent PMT for cellular resolution and (18)F labeled PMT for whole animal imaging, we show that cancer cell epitopes can be easily reacted in vivo. This generic strategy should help guide the design of future chemistries and find widespread use for different in vivo bioorthogonal applications, particularly in the biomedical sciences.
Collapse
|
256
|
Synthesis of Conjugated Hyperbranched Polytriazoles Containing Truxene Units by Click Polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
257
|
Yao JZ, Uttamapinant C, Poloukhtine A, Baskin JM, Codelli JA, Sletten EM, Bertozzi CR, Popik VV, Ting AY. Fluorophore targeting to cellular proteins via enzyme-mediated azide ligation and strain-promoted cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3720-8. [PMID: 22239252 PMCID: PMC3306817 DOI: 10.1021/ja208090p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods for targeting of small molecules to cellular proteins can allow imaging with fluorophores that are smaller, brighter, and more photostable than fluorescent proteins. Previously, we reported targeting of the blue fluorophore coumarin to cellular proteins fused to a 13-amino acid recognition sequence (LAP), catalyzed by a mutant of the Escherichia coli enzyme lipoic acid ligase (LplA). Here, we extend LplA-based labeling to green- and red-emitting fluorophores by employing a two-step targeting scheme. First, we found that the W37I mutant of LplA catalyzes site-specific ligation of 10-azidodecanoic acid to LAP in cells, in nearly quantitative yield after 30 min. Second, we evaluated a panel of five different cyclooctyne structures and found that fluorophore conjugates to aza-dibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO) gave the highest and most specific derivatization of azide-conjugated LAP in cells. However, for targeting of hydrophobic fluorophores such as ATTO 647N, the hydrophobicity of ADIBO was detrimental, and superior targeting was achieved by conjugation to the less hydrophobic monofluorinated cyclooctyne (MOFO). Our optimized two-step enzymatic/chemical labeling scheme was used to tag and image a variety of LAP fusion proteins in multiple mammalian cell lines with diverse fluorophores including fluorescein, rhodamine, Alexa Fluor 568, ATTO 647N, and ATTO 655.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Z. Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Chayasith Uttamapinant
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Andrei Poloukhtine
- Bioconjugate Technologies, LLC, 7850 E. Evans Road, Ste 107, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Julian A. Codelli
- Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard. Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Versatile Route to Synthesize Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol) of Variable Functionality for Subsequent Pegylation. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4010561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
259
|
Chan AOY, Ho CM, Chong HC, Leung YC, Huang JS, Wong MK, Che CM. Modification of N-terminal α-amino groups of peptides and proteins using ketenes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2589-98. [PMID: 22288779 DOI: 10.1021/ja208009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method of highly selective N-terminal modification of proteins as well as peptides by an isolated ketene was developed. Modification of a library of unprotected peptides XSKFR (X varies over 20 natural amino acids) by an alkyne-functionalized ketene (1) at room temperature at pH 6.3 resulted in excellent N-terminal selectivity (modified α-amino group/modified ε-amino group = >99:1) for 13 out of the 20 peptides and moderate-to-high N-terminal selectivity (4:1 to 48:1) for 6 of the 7 remaining peptides. Using an alkyne-functionalized N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester (2) instead of 1, the modification of peptides XSKFR gave internal lysine-modified peptides for 5 out of the 20 peptides and moderate-to-low N-terminal selectivity (5:1 to 1:4) for 13 out of the 20 peptides. Proteins including insulin, lysozyme, RNaseA, and a therapeutic protein BCArg were selectively N-terminally modified at room temperature using ketene 1, in contrast to the formation of significant or major amounts of di-, tri-, or tetra-modified proteins in the modification by NHS ester 2. The 1-modified proteins were further functionalized by a dansyl azide compound through click chemistry without the need for prior treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna On-Yee Chan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
260
|
de Almeida G, Sletten EM, Nakamura H, Palaniappan KK, Bertozzi CR. Thiacycloalkynes for Copper-Free Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
261
|
de Almeida G, Sletten EM, Nakamura H, Palaniappan KK, Bertozzi CR. Thiacycloalkynes for copper-free click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2443-7. [PMID: 22282228 PMCID: PMC3384729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
262
|
Tanaka K, Fukase K. Development of Azaelectrocyclization-Based Labeling and Application to Noninvasive Imaging and Targeting Using N-Glycan Derivatives—In Pursuit of N-Glycan Functions on Proteins, Dendrimers, and Living Cells—. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2012. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.24.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
263
|
de Hoog HPM, Nallani M, Liedberg B. A facile and fast method for the functionalization of polymersomes by photoinduced cycloaddition chemistry. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
264
|
Chen W, Wang D, Dai C, Hamelberg D, Wang B. Clicking 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and cyclooctynes with tunable reaction rates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1736-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
265
|
Majkut P, Böhrsch V, Serwa R, Gerrits M, Hackenberger CPR. Site-specific modification of proteins by the staudinger-phosphite reaction. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 794:241-249. [PMID: 21956567 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-331-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions are important tools for the modification of peptides and proteins. Thereby the modification is desired to be site specific and bioorthogonal. Here we describe the site-specific modification of azido-proteins via a Staudinger-type phosphite ligation. The reaction was carried out in aqueous system on proteins containing p-azido-phenylalanine in a single position introduced by the amber codon technique. A selective introduction of branched polyethylene scaffolds can be achieved with the application of the methodology reported herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Majkut
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
266
|
Wendeln C, Singh I, Rinnen S, Schulz C, Arlinghaus HF, Burley GA, Ravoo BJ. Orthogonal, metal-free surface modification by strain-promoted azide–alkyne and nitrile oxide–alkene/alkyne cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
267
|
|
268
|
Bostic HE, Smith MD, Poloukhtine AA, Popik VV, Best MD. Membrane labeling and immobilization viacopper-free click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1431-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
269
|
Siebert JM, Baier G, Musyanovych A, Landfester K. Towards copper-free nanocapsules obtained by orthogonal interfacial “click” polymerization in miniemulsion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5470-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
270
|
McKay CS, Chigrinova M, Blake JA, Pezacki JP. Kinetics studies of rapid strain-promoted [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of nitrones with biaryl-aza-cyclooctynone. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3066-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
271
|
Han MJ, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Enabling Wittig reaction on site-specific protein modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11079-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
272
|
Tanaka K, Yokoi S, Morimoto K, Iwata T, Nakamoto Y, Nakayama K, Koyama K, Fujiwara T, Fukase K. Cell surface biotinylation by azaelectrocyclization: easy-handling and versatile approach for living cell labeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1865-8. [PMID: 22257530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Versatile method for living cell labeling has been established. Cell surfaces are initially biotinylated by azaelectrocyclization, and then treated with the fluorescence-labeled avidin or the anti-biotin antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
273
|
Bonnet CS, Buron F, Caillé F, Shade CM, Drahoš B, Pellegatti L, Zhang J, Villette S, Helm L, Pichon C, Suzenet F, Petoud S, Tóth É. Pyridine-Based Lanthanide Complexes Combining MRI and NIR Luminescence Activities. Chemistry 2011; 18:1419-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
274
|
Discovery and application of 6π-azaelectrocyclization to natural product synthesis and synthetic biology. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
275
|
DeForest CA, Anseth KS. Photoreversible Patterning of Biomolecules within Click-Based Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
276
|
DeForest CA, Anseth KS. Photoreversible patterning of biomolecules within click-based hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1816-9. [PMID: 22162285 PMCID: PMC3430005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cole A DeForest
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 424 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
277
|
Gold B, Shevchenko NE, Bonus N, Dudley GB, Alabugin IV. Selective transition state stabilization via hyperconjugative and conjugative assistance: stereoelectronic concept for copper-free click chemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 77:75-89. [PMID: 22077877 DOI: 10.1021/jo201434w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of stereoelectronic effects in the transition states (TSs) for noncatalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions suggests two approaches to selective transition state stabilization in this reaction. First, the formation of both 1,4- and 1,5-isomers is facilitated via hyperconjugative assistance to alkyne bending and C···N bond formation provided by antiperiplanar σ-acceptors at the propargylic carbons. In addition, the 1,5-TS can be stabilized via attractive C-H···F interactions. Although the two effects cannot stabilize the same transition state for the cycloaddition to α,α-difluorocyclooctyne (DIFO), they can act in a complementary, rather than competing, fashion in acyclic alkynes where B3LYP calculations predict up to ∼1 million-fold rate increase relative to 2-butyne. This analysis of stereoelectronic effects is complemented by the distortion analysis, which provides another clear evidence of selective TS stabilization. Changes in electrostatic potential along the reaction path revealed that azide polarization may create unfavorable electrostatic interactions (i.e., for the 1,5-regioisomer formation from 1-fluoro-2-butyne and methyl azide). This observation suggests that more reactive azides can be designed via manipulation of charge distribution in the azide moiety. Combination of these effects with the other activation strategies should lead to the rational design of robust acyclic and cyclic alkyne reagents for fast and tunable "click chemistry". Further computational and experimental studies confirmed the generality of the above accelerating effects and compared them with the conjugative TS stabilization by π-acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
278
|
Evans HL, Slade RL, Carroll L, Smith G, Nguyen QD, Iddon L, Kamaly N, Stöckmann H, Leeper FJ, Aboagye EO, Spivey AC. Copper-free click--a promising tool for pre-targeted PET imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:991-3. [PMID: 22158912 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper-free click (CFC) reaction has been evaluated for its potential application to in vivo pre-targeting for PET imaging. A promising biodistribution profile is demonstrated when employing [(18)F]2-fluoroethylazide ([(18)F]1) and optimisation of the CFC reaction with a series of cyclooctynes shows that reactions proceed efficiently with tantalizing opportunities for application-specific tuning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Evans
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
279
|
Almaraz RT, Aich U, Khanna HS, Tan E, Bhattacharya R, Shah S, Yarema KJ. Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering with N-Acyl functionalized ManNAc analogs: cytotoxicity, metabolic flux, and glycan-display considerations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:992-1006. [PMID: 22068462 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a maturing technology capable of modifying cell surface sugars in living cells and animals through the biosynthetic installation of non-natural monosaccharides into the glycocalyx. A particularly robust area of investigation involves the incorporation of azide functional groups onto the cell surface, which can then be further derivatized using "click chemistry." While considerable effort has gone into optimizing the reagents used for the azide ligation reactions, less optimization of the monosaccharide analogs used in the preceding metabolic incorporation steps has been done. This study fills this void by reporting novel butanoylated ManNAc analogs that are used by cells with greater efficiency and less cytotoxicity than the current "gold standard," which are peracetylated compounds such as Ac₄ ManNAz. In particular, tributanoylated, N-acetyl, N-azido, and N-levulinoyl ManNAc analogs with the high flux 1,3,4-O-hydroxyl pattern of butanoylation were compared with their counterparts having the pro-apoptotic 3,4,6-O-butanoylation pattern. The results reveal that the ketone-bearing N-levulinoyl analog 3,4,6-O-Bu₃ ManNLev is highly apoptotic, and thus is a promising anti-cancer drug candidate. By contrast, the azide-bearing analog 1,3,4-O-Bu₃ ManNAz effectively labeled cellular sialoglycans at concentrations ∼3- to 5-fold lower (e.g., at 12.5-25 µM) than Ac₄ ManNAz (50-150 µM) and exhibited no indications of apoptosis even at concentrations up to 400 µM. In summary, this work extends emerging structure activity relationships that predict the effects of short chain fatty acid modified monosaccharides on mammalian cells and also provides a tangible advance in efforts to make MOE a practical technology for the medical and biotechnology communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben T Almaraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
280
|
Topczewski JJ, Tewson TJ, Nguyen HM. Iridium-catalyzed allylic fluorination of trichloroacetimidates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19318-21. [PMID: 22059470 DOI: 10.1021/ja2087213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid allylic fluorination method utilizing trichloroacetimidates in conjunction with an iridium catalyst has been developed. The reaction is conducted at room temperature under ambient air and relies on Et(3)N·3HF reagent to provide branched allylic fluorides with complete regioselectivity. This high-yielding reaction can be conducted on a multigram scale and shows considerable functional group tolerance. The use of [(18)F]KF·Kryptofix allowed (18)F(-) incorporation in 10 min.
Collapse
|
281
|
Ma Y, Zhang H, Gruzdys V, Sun XL. Azide-reactive liposome for chemoselective and biocompatible liposomal surface functionalization and glyco-liposomal microarray fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13097-103. [PMID: 21928859 PMCID: PMC3205907 DOI: 10.1021/la2032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemically selective liposomal surface functionalization and liposomal microarray fabrication using azide-reactive liposomes are described. First, liposome carrying PEG-triphenylphosphine was prepared for Staudinger ligation with azide-containing biotin, which was conducted in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) at room temperature without a catalyst. Then, immobilization and microarray fabrication of the biotinylated liposome onto a streptavidin-modified glass slide via the specific streptavidin/biotin interaction were investigated by comparing with directly formed biotin-liposome, which was prepared by the conventional liposome formulation of lipid-biotin with all other lipid components. Next, the covalent microarray fabrication of liposome carrying triphenylphosphine onto an azide-modified glass slide and its further glyco-modification with azide-containing carbohydrate were demonstrated for glyco-liposomal microarray fabrication via Staudinger ligation. Fluorescence imaging confirmed the successful immobilization and protein binding of the intact immobilized liposomes and arrayed glyco-liposomes. The azide-reactive liposome provides a facile strategy for membrane-mimetic glyco-array fabrication, which may find important biological and biomedical applications such as studying carbohydrate-protein interactions and toxin and antibody screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentinas Gruzdys
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Nimmo CM, Shoichet MS. Regenerative Biomaterials that “Click”: Simple, Aqueous-Based Protocols for Hydrogel Synthesis, Surface Immobilization, and 3D Patterning. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2199-209. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Nimmo
- The
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Chemical
Engineering and Applied Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical
Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly S. Shoichet
- The
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Chemical
Engineering and Applied Chemistry, and ∥Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical
Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
DeForest CA, Anseth KS. Cytocompatible click-based hydrogels with dynamically tunable properties through orthogonal photoconjugation and photocleavage reactions. Nat Chem 2011. [PMID: 22109271 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.ll74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
To provide insight into how cells receive information from their external surroundings, synthetic hydrogels have emerged as systems for assaying cell function in well-defined microenvironments where single cues can be introduced and subsequent effects individually elucidated. However, as answers to more complex biological questions continue to be sought, advanced material systems are needed that allow dynamic alteration of the three-dimensional cellular environment with orthogonal reactions that enable multiple levels of control of biochemical and biomechanical signals. Here, we seek to synthesize one such three-dimensional culture system using cytocompatible and wavelength-specific photochemical reactions to create hydrogels that allow orthogonal and dynamic control of material properties through independent spatiotemporally regulated photocleavage of crosslinks and photoconjugation of pendant functionalities. The results demonstrate the versatile nature of the chemistry to create programmable niches to study and direct cell function by modifying the local hydrogel environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB Box 424, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
284
|
DeForest CA, Anseth KS. Cytocompatible click-based hydrogels with dynamically tunable properties through orthogonal photoconjugation and photocleavage reactions. Nat Chem 2011; 3:925-31. [PMID: 22109271 PMCID: PMC3229165 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To provide insight as to how cells receive information from their external surroundings, synthetic hydrogels have emerged as systems for assaying cell function in well-defined microenvironments where single cues can be introduced and subsequent effects individually elucidated. However, as the field seeks to answer more complex biological questions, advanced material systems are needed that allow dynamic alteration of the 3D cellular environment with orthogonal reactions that enable multiple levels of control of biochemical and biomechanical signals. Here, we sought to synthesize one such 3D culture system using cytocompatible and wavelength-specific photochemical reactions to create hydrogels that allow orthogonal and dynamic control of the material properties through independent spatiotemporally-regulated photocleavage of crosslinks and photoconjugation of pendant functionalities. Results demonstrate the versatile nature of the chemistry to create programmable niches to study and direct cell function by modifying the local hydrogel environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB Box 424, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
285
|
Kennedy DC, McKay CS, Legault MCB, Danielson DC, Blake JA, Pegoraro AF, Stolow A, Mester Z, Pezacki JP. Cellular Consequences of Copper Complexes Used To Catalyze Bioorthogonal Click Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17993-8001. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2083027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Kennedy
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Craig S. McKay
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marc C. B. Legault
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dana C. Danielson
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jessie A. Blake
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adrian F. Pegoraro
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zoltan Mester
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Arumugam S, Chin J, Schirrmacher R, Popik VV, Kostikov AP. [18F]azadibenzocyclooctyne ([18F]ADIBO): a biocompatible radioactive labeling synthon for peptides using catalyst free [3+2] cycloaddition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6987-91. [PMID: 22024032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Terminally azido-modified peptides were labeled with the novel prosthetic labeling synthon [(18)F]azadibenzocyclooctyne ([(18)F]ADIBO) using copper-free azide-alkyne [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition in high radiochemical yields (RCYs). (18)F-Labeled [(18)F]ADIBO was prepared by nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding tosylate in 21% overall RCY (EOB) in a fully automated synthesis unit within 55 min. [(18)F]ADIBO was incubated with azide-containing peptides at room temperature in the absence of toxic metal catalysts and the formation of the triazole conjugate was confirmed. Finally, the azide-alkyne [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition was shown to proceed with 95% radiochemical yield in ethanol within 30 min, allowing for a development of a kit-like peptide labeling approach with [(18)F]ADIBO.
Collapse
|
287
|
|
288
|
Best MD, Rowland MM, Bostic HE. Exploiting bioorthogonal chemistry to elucidate protein-lipid binding interactions and other biological roles of phospholipids. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:686-98. [PMID: 21548554 DOI: 10.1021/ar200060y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play critical roles in a litany of physiological and pathophysiological events, often through the regulation of protein function. These activities are generally difficult to characterize, however, because the membrane environment in which lipids operate is very complex. Moreover, lipids have a diverse range of biological functions, including the recruitment of proteins to membrane surfaces, actions as small-molecule ligands, and covalent protein modification through lipidation. Advancements in the development of bioorthogonal reactions have facilitated the study of lipid activities by providing the ability to selectively label probes bearing bioorthogonal tags within complex biological samples. In this Account, we discuss recent efforts to harness the beneficial properties of bioorthogonal labeling strategies in elucidating lipid function. Initially, we summarize strategies for the design and synthesis of lipid probes bearing bioorthogonal tags. This discussion includes issues to be considered when deciding where to incorporate the tag, particularly the presentation within a membrane environment. We then present examples of the application of these probes to the study of lipid activities, with a particular emphasis on the elucidation of protein-lipid binding interactions. One such application involves the development of lipid and membrane microarray analysis as a high-throughput platform for characterizing protein-binding interactions. Here we discuss separate strategies for binding analysis involving the immobilization of either whole liposomes or simplified isolated lipid structures. In addition, we present the different strategies that have been used to derivatize membrane surfaces via bioorthogonal reactions, either by using this chemistry to produce functionalized lipid scaffolds that can be incorporated into membranes or through direct modification of intact membrane surfaces. We then provide an overview of the development of lipid activity probes to label and identify proteins that bind to a particular lipid from complex biological samples. This process involves the strategy of activity-based proteomics, in which proteins are collectively labeled on the basis of function (in this case, ligand binding) rather than abundance. We summarize strategies for designing and applying lipid activity probes that allow for the selective labeling and characterization of protein targets. Additionally, we briefly comment on applications other than studying protein-lipid binding. These include the generation of new lipid structures with beneficial properties, labeling of tagged lipids in live cells for studies involving fluorescence imaging, elucidation of covalent protein lipidation, and identification of biosynthetic lipid intermediates. These applications illustrate the early phase of the promising field of applying bioorthogonal chemistry to the study of lipid function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Best
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Meng M. Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Heidi E. Bostic
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Debets MF, van Berkel SS, Dommerholt J, Dirks A(TJ, Rutjes FPJT, van Delft FL. Bioconjugation with strained alkenes and alkynes. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:805-15. [PMID: 21766804 DOI: 10.1021/ar200059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of molecules isolated from biological sources has always served as an inspiration for organic chemists. Since the first synthesis of a natural product, urea, chemists have been challenged to prepare exact copies of natural structures in the laboratory. As a result, a broad repertoire of synthetic transformations has been developed over the years. It is now feasible to synthesize organic molecules of enormous complexity, and also molecules with less structural complexity but prodigious societal impact, such as nylon, TNT, polystyrene, statins, estradiol, XTC, and many more. Unfortunately, only a few chemical transformations are so mild and precise that they can be used to selectively modify biochemical structures, such as proteins or nucleic acids; these are the so-called bioconjugation strategies. Even more challenging is to apply a chemical reaction on or in living cells or whole organisms; these are the so-called bioorthogonal reactions. These fields of research are of particular importance because they not only pose a worthy challenge for chemists but also offer unprecedented possibilities for studying biological systems, especially in areas in which traditional biochemistry and molecular biology tools fall short. Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the chemical biology toolbox. In particular, a rapidly increasing number of bioorthogonal reactions has been developed based on chemistry involving strained alkenes or strained alkynes. Such strained unsaturated systems have the unique ability to undergo (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions with a diverse set of complementary reaction partners. Accordingly, chemistry centered around strain-promoted cycloadditions has been exploited to precisely modify biopolymers, ranging from nucleic acids to proteins to glycans. In this Account, we describe progress in bioconjugation centered around cycloadditions of these strained unsaturated systems. Being among the first to recognize the utility of strain-promoted cycloadditions between alkenes and dipoles, we highlight our report in 2007 of the reaction of oxanobornadienes with azides, which occurs through a sequential cycloaddition and retro Diels-Alder reaction. We further consider the subsequent refinement of this reaction as a valuable tool in chemical biology. We also examine the development of the reaction of cyclooctyne, the smallest isolable cyclic alkyne, with a range of substrates. Owing to severe deformation of the triple bond from ideal linear geometry, the cyclooctynes show high reactivity toward dienes, 1,3-dipoles, and other molecular systems. In the search for bioorthogonal reactions, cycloadditions of cyclic alkenes and alkynes have now established themselves as powerful tools in reagent-free bioconjugations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjoke F. Debets
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Berkel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dommerholt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - A. (Ton) J. Dirks
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Floris L. van Delft
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Singh I, Freeman C, Heaney F. Efficient Synthesis of DNA Conjugates by Strain-Promoted Azide-Cyclooctyne Cycloaddition in the Solid Phase. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
291
|
Towards in vivo imaging of cancer sialylation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 2011:283497. [PMID: 21941647 PMCID: PMC3175693 DOI: 10.1155/2011/283497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of tumor glucose catabolism by positron emission tomography (PET) has become a highly valued study in the medical management of cancer. Emerging technologies offer the potential to evaluate in vivo another aspect of cancer carbohydrate metabolism related to the increased anabolic use of monosaccharides like sialic acid (Sia). Sia is used for the synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides in the cell surface that in cancer cells are overexpressed and positively associated to malignancy and worse prognosis because of their role in invasion and metastasis. This paper addresses the key points of the different strategies that have been developed to image Sia expression in vivo and the perspectives to translate it from the bench to the bedside where it would offer the clinician highly valued complementary information on cancer carbohydrate metabolism that is currently unavailable in vivo.
Collapse
|
292
|
Beatty KE, Szychowski J, Fisk JD, Tirrell DA. A BODIPY-cyclooctyne for protein imaging in live cells. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2137-9. [PMID: 21830285 PMCID: PMC3387918 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Beatty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
293
|
Cavanagh BL, Walker T, Norazit A, Meedeniya AC. Thymidine analogues for tracking DNA synthesis. Molecules 2011; 16:7980-93. [PMID: 21921870 PMCID: PMC6264245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicating cells undergo DNA synthesis in the highly regulated, S-phase of the cell cycle. Analogues of the pyrimidine deoxynucleoside thymidine may be inserted into replicating DNA, effectively tagging dividing cells allowing their characterisation. Tritiated thymidine, targeted using autoradiography was technically demanding and superseded by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and related halogenated analogues, detected using antibodies. Their detection required the denaturation of DNA, often constraining the outcome of investigations. Despite these limitations BrdU alone has been used to target newly synthesised DNA in over 20,000 reviewed biomedical studies. A recent breakthrough in “tagging DNA synthesis” is the thymidine analogue 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). The alkyne group in EdU is readily detected using a fluorescent azide probe and copper catalysis using ‘Huisgen’s reaction’ (1,3-dipolar cycloaddition or ‘click chemistry’). This rapid, two-step biolabelling approach allows the tagging and imaging of DNA within cells whilst preserving the structural and molecular integrity of the cells. The bio-orthogonal detection of EdU allows its application in more experimental assays than previously possible with other “unnatural bases”. These include physiological, anatomical and molecular biological experimentation in multiple fields including, stem cell research, cancer biology, and parasitology. The full potential of EdU and related molecules in biomedical research remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton L. Cavanagh
- Health Institute and Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4107, Australia
| | - Tom Walker
- Health Institute and Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4107, Australia
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Health Institute and Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4107, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Adrian C.B. Meedeniya
- Health Institute and Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4107, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-4417, Fax: +61-7-3735-4255
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Click Chemistry for Drug Delivery Nanosystems. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
295
|
Arumugam S, Popik VV. Patterned surface derivatization using Diels-Alder photoclick reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15730-6. [PMID: 21861517 DOI: 10.1021/ja205652m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The utility of photochemically induced hetero-Diels-Alder reaction for the light-directed surface derivatization and patterning was demonstrated. Glass slides functionalized with vinyl ether moieties are covered with aqueous solution of substrates conjugated to 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol (NQMP). Subsequent irradiation via shadow mask results in an efficient conversion of the latter functionality into reactive 2-napthoquinone-3-methide (oNQM) in the exposed areas. oNQM undergoes very facile hetero Diels-Alder addition (k(D-A) ≈ 4 × 10(4) M(-1)s(-1)) to immobilized vinyl ether molecules resulting in a photochemically stable covalent link between a substrate and a surface. Unreacted oNQM groups are rapidly hydrated to regenerate NQMP. The click chemistry based on the addition of photochemically generated oNQM to vinyl ether works well in aqueous solution, proceeds at high rate under ambient conditions, and does not require catalyst or additional reagents. This photoclick strategy represents an unusual paradigm in photopatterning: the surface itself is photochemically inert, while photoreactive component is present in the solution. The short lifetime (τ ≈ 7 ms in H(2)O) of the active form of a photoclick reagent in aqueous solution prevents its migration from the site of irradiation, thus allowing for the spatial control of surface derivatization. Both o-napthoquinone methide precursors and vinyl ethers are stable in dark and the reaction is orthogonal to other derivatization techniques, such as acetylene-azide click reaction.
Collapse
|
296
|
Sau M, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Pericàs MA. Copper-Free Intramolecular Alkyne–Azide Cycloadditions Leading to Seven-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2011; 13:5044-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201869y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Sau
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Lallana E, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Zuverlässige und effiziente Konjugation von Biomolekülen über Huisgen-Azid-Alkin-Cycloadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
298
|
Lallana E, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Reliable and Efficient Procedures for the Conjugation of Biomolecules through Huisgen Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8794-804. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
299
|
Mbua NE, Guo J, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions (SPAAC) reveal new features of glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1912-21. [PMID: 21661087 PMCID: PMC3151320 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that 4-dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO), which can easily be obtained by a streamlined synthesis approach, reacts exceptionally fast in the absence of a Cu(I) catalyst with azido-containing compounds to give stable triazoles. Chemical modifications of DIBO, such as oxidation of the alcohol to a ketone, increased the rate of strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloadditions (SPAAC). Installment of a ketone or oxime in the cyclooctyne ring resulted in fluorescent active compounds whereas this property was absent in the corresponding cycloaddition adducts; this provides the first example of a metal-free alkyne-azide fluoro-switch click reaction. The alcohol or ketone functions of the cyclooctynes offer a chemical handle to install a variety of different tags, and thereby facilitate biological studies. It was found that DIBO modified with biotin combined with metabolic labeling with an azido-containing monosaccharide can determine relative quantities of sialic acid of living cells that have defects in glycosylation (Lec CHO cells). A combined use of metabolic labeling/SPAAC and lectin staining of cells that have defects in the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex revealed that such defects have a greater impact on O-glycan sialylation than galactosylation, whereas sialylation and galactosylation of N-glycans was similarly impacted. These results highlight the fact that the fidelity of Golgi trafficking is a critical parameter for the types of oligosaccharides being biosynthesized by a cell. Furthermore, by modulating the quantity of biosynthesized sugar nucleotide, cells might have a means to selectively alter specific glycan structures of glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Jun Guo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Baumhover NJ, Martin ME, Parameswarappa SG, Kloepping KC, O'Dorisio MS, Pigge FC, Schultz MK. Improved synthesis and biological evaluation of chelator-modified α-MSH analogs prepared by copper-free click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5757-61. [PMID: 21873053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide chelators (DOTA, NOTA) functionalized with a monofluorocyclooctyne group were prepared. These materials reacted rapidly and in high yield with a fully deprotected azide-modified peptide via Cu-free click chemistry under mild reaction conditions (aqueous solution, room temperature). The resulting bioconjugates bind with high affinity and specificity to their cell-surface receptor targets in vitro and appear stable to degradation in mouse serum over 3h of incubation at 37°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Baumhover
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, ML B180, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|