251
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McAllister LA, Butler CR, Mente S, O’Neil SV, Fonseca KR, Piro JR, Cianfrogna JA, Foley TL, Gilbert AM, Harris AR, Helal CJ, Johnson DS, Montgomery JI, Nason DM, Noell S, Pandit J, Rogers BN, Samad TA, Shaffer CL, da Silva RG, Uccello DP, Webb D, Brodney MA. Discovery of Trifluoromethyl Glycol Carbamates as Potent and Selective Covalent Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors for Treatment of Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3008-3026. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. McAllister
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher R. Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven V. O’Neil
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kari R. Fonseca
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Justin R. Piro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julie A. Cianfrogna
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy L. Foley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam M. Gilbert
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anthony R. Harris
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Justin I. Montgomery
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Deane M. Nason
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen Noell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tarek A. Samad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher L. Shaffer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rafael G. da Silva
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel P. Uccello
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Damien Webb
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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252
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Le Dang N, Hughes TB, Miller GP, Swamidass SJ. Computationally Assessing the Bioactivation of Drugs by N-Dealkylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:68-80. [PMID: 29355304 PMCID: PMC5871345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) oxidize alkylated amines commonly found in drugs and other biologically active molecules, cleaving them into an amine and an aldehyde. Metabolic studies usually neglect to report or investigate aldehydes, even though they can be toxic. It is assumed that they are efficiently detoxified into carboxylic acids and alcohols. Nevertheless, some aldehydes are reactive and escape detoxification pathways to cause adverse events by forming DNA and protein adducts. Herein, we modeled N-dealkylations that produce both amine and aldehyde metabolites and then predicted the reactivity of the aldehyde. This model used a deep learning approach previously developed by our group to predict other types of drug metabolism. In this study, we trained the model to predict N-dealkylation by human liver microsomes (HLM), finding that including isozyme-specific metabolism data alongside HLM data significantly improved results. The final HLM model accurately predicted the site of N-dealkylation within metabolized substrates (97% top-two and 94% area under the ROC curve). Next, we combined the metabolism, metabolite structure prediction, and previously published reactivity models into a bioactivation model. This combined model predicted the structure of the most likely reactive metabolite of a small validation set of drug-like molecules known to be bioactivated by N-dealkylation. Applying this model to approved and withdrawn medicines, we found that aldehyde metabolites produced from N-dealkylation may explain the hepatotoxicity of several drugs: indinavir, piperacillin, verapamil, and ziprasidone. Our results suggest that N-dealkylation may be an under-appreciated bioactivation pathway, especially in clinical contexts where aldehyde detoxification pathways are inhibited. Moreover, this is the first report of a bioactivation model constructed by combining a metabolism and reactivity model. These results raise hope that more comprehensive models of bioactivation are possible. The model developed in this study is available at http://swami.wustl.edu/xenosite/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Le Dang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tyler B. Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Grover P. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - S. Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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253
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Juncosa JI, Takaya K, Le HV, Moschitto MJ, Weerawarna PM, Mascarenhas R, Liu D, Dewey SL, Silverman RB. Design and Mechanism of (S)-3-Amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic Acid, a Highly Potent γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase Inactivator for the Treatment of Addiction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2151-2164. [PMID: 29381352 PMCID: PMC5812813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that degrades GABA, has been established as a possible strategy for the treatment of substance abuse. The raised GABA levels that occur as a consequence of this inhibition have been found to antagonize the rapid release of dopamine in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) that follows an acute challenge by an addictive substance. In addition, increased GABA levels are also known to elicit an anticonvulsant effect in patients with epilepsy. We previously designed the mechanism-based inactivator (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylenyl-1-cyclopentanoic acid (2), now called CPP-115, that is 186 times more efficient in inactivating GABA-AT than vigabatrin, the only FDA-approved drug that is an inactivator of GABA-AT. CPP-115 was found to have high therapeutic potential for the treatment of cocaine addiction and for a variety of epilepsies, has successfully completed a Phase I safety clinical trial, and was found to be effective in the treatment of infantile spasms (West syndrome). Herein we report the design, using molecular dynamics simulations, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new mechanism-based inactivator, (S)-3-amino-4-(difluoromethylenyl)cyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid (5), which was found to be almost 10 times more efficient as an inactivator of GABA-AT than CPP-115. We also present the unexpected crystal structure of 5 bound to GABA-AT, as well as computational analyses used to assist the structure elucidation process. Furthermore, 5 was found to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties and low off-target activities. In vivo studies in freely moving rats showed that 5 was dramatically superior to CPP-115 in suppressing the release of dopamine in the corpus striatum, which occurs subsequent to either an acute cocaine or nicotine challenge. Compound 5 also attenuated increased metabolic demands (neuronal glucose metabolism) in the hippocampus, a brain region that encodes spatial information concerning the environment in which an animal receives a reinforcing or aversive drug. This multidisciplinary computational design to preclinical efficacy approach should be applicable to the design and improvement of mechanism-based inhibitors of other enzymes whose crystal structures and inactivation mechanisms are known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I. Juncosa
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kenji Takaya
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hoang V. Le
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew J. Moschitto
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pathum M. Weerawarna
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Romila Mascarenhas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Dali Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Stephen L. Dewey
- Center for Neurosciences, Laboratory for Behavioral and Molecular Neuroimaging, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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254
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Norman BH, Fisher MJ, Schiffler MA, Kuklish SL, Hughes NE, Czeskis BA, Cassidy KC, Abraham TL, Alberts JJ, Luffer-Atlas D. Identification and Mitigation of Reactive Metabolites of 2-Aminoimidazole-Containing Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Inhibitors Terminated Due to Clinical Drug-Induced Liver Injury. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2041-2051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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255
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Salamoun JM, McQueeney KE, Patil K, Geib SJ, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS, Wipf P. Photooxygenation of an amino-thienopyridone yields a more potent PTP4A3 inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6398-402. [PMID: 27291491 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00946h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase PTP4A3 is an attractive anticancer target, but knowledge of its exact role in cells remains incomplete. A potent, structurally novel inhibitor of the PTP4A family was obtained by photooxygenation of a less active, electron-rich thienopyridone (1). Iminothienopyridinedione 13 displays increased solution stability and is readily obtained by two new synthetic routes that converge in the preparation of 1. The late-stage photooxygenation of 1 to give 13 in high yield highlights the potential of this reaction to modify the structure and properties of a biological lead compound and generate value for expanding the scope of an SAR investigation. Analog 13 should become a valuable tool for further exploration of the role of PTP4A3 in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Kelley E McQueeney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | - Kalyani Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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256
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1339] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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257
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Zhao H, Li S, Yang Z, Peng Y, Chen X, Zheng J. Identification of Ketene-Reactive Intermediate of Erlotinib Possibly Responsible for Inactivation of P450 Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:442-450. [PMID: 29352069 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Erlotinib (ELT), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer in clinic. Unfortunately, severe drug-induced liver injury and other adverse effects occurred during the treatment. Meanwhile, ELT has been reported to be a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450(CYPs) 3A4 and 3A5. The objectives of this study were to identify ketene intermediate of ELT and investigate the association of the acetylenic bioactivation with the enzyme inactivation caused by ELT. A ketene intermediate was detected in human microsomal incubations of ELT, using 4-bromobenzylamine as a trapping agent. CYPs 3A4 and 3A5 mainly contributed to the bioactivation of ELT. Microsomal incubation study showed that the ketene intermediate covalently modified the enzyme protein at lysine residues and destroyed the structure of heme. The vinyl and ethyl analogs of ELT showed minor enzyme inhibitory effect (less than 20%), whereas ELT inactivated more than 60% of the enzyme. The present study provided a novel bioactivation pathway of ELT and facilitated the understanding of the mechanisms of ELT-induced mechanism-based enzyme inactivation and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Zixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy (H.Z., X.C.) and Wuya College of Innovation (S.L., Z.Y., Y.P., J.Z.), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
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258
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Helal CJ, Arnold E, Boyden T, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fisher E, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Pandit J, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, McGinnis D, O'Connor RE, O'Donnell CJ, Ogden A, Piotrowski M, Schmidt CJ, Seymour PA, Ueno H, Vansell N, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Identification of a Potent, Highly Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1001-1018. [PMID: 29293004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling was used to direct the synthesis of analogs of previously reported phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor 1 with an imidazotriazine core to yield compounds of significantly enhanced potency. The analog PF-05180999 (30) was subsequently identified as a preclinical candidate targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Compound 30 demonstrated potent binding to PDE2A in brain tissue, dose responsive mouse brain cGMP increases, and reversal of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist-induced (MK-801, ketamine) effects in electrophysiology and working memory models in rats. Preclinical pharmacokinetics revealed unbound brain/unbound plasma levels approaching unity and good oral bioavailability resulting in an average concentration at steady state (Cav,ss) predicted human dose of 30 mg once daily (q.d.). Modeling of a modified release formulation suggested that 25 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) could maintain plasma levels of 30 at or above targeted efficacious plasma levels for 24 h, which became part of the human clinical plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ethan Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John F Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dina McGinnis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E O'Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam Ogden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia A Seymour
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nichole Vansell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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259
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Kitamura S, Owensby A, Wall D, Wolan DW. Lipoprotein Signal Peptidase Inhibitors with Antibiotic Properties Identified through Design of a Robust In Vitro HT Platform. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:301-308.e12. [PMID: 29337186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As resistance to antibiotics increases, the exploration of new targets and strategies to combat pathogenic bacteria becomes more urgent. Ideal protein targets are required for viability across many species, are unique to prokaryotes to limit effects on the host, and have robust assays to quantitate activity and identify inhibitors. Lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) is a transmembrane aspartyl protease required for lipoprotein maturation and comprehensively fits these criteria. Here, we have developed the first in vitro high-throughput assay to monitor proteolysis by Lsp. We employed our high-throughput screen assay against 646,275 compounds to discover inhibitors of Lsp and synthesized a range of analogs to generate molecules with nanomolar half maximal inhibitory concentration values. Importantly, our inhibitors are effective in preventing the growth of E. coli cultures in the presence of outer-membrane permeabilizer PMBN and should facilitate development of antibacterial agents with a novel mechanism of action to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna Owensby
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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260
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- und tritiummarkierte Verbindungen: Anwendungen in den modernen Biowissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry; Industriepark Höchst, G876 65926 Frankfurt Deutschland
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow Scotland G1 1XL Großbritannien
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261
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Atzrodt J, Derdau V, Kerr WJ, Reid M. Deuterium- and Tritium-Labelled Compounds: Applications in the Life Sciences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1758-1784. [PMID: 28815899 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotopes are unique tools for identifying and understanding biological and chemical processes. Hydrogen isotope labelling allows for the traceless and direct incorporation of an additional mass or radioactive tag into an organic molecule with almost no changes in its chemical structure, physical properties, or biological activity. Using deuterium-labelled isotopologues to study the unique mass-spectrometric patterns generated from mixtures of biologically relevant molecules drastically simplifies analysis. Such methods are now providing unprecedented levels of insight in a wide and continuously growing range of applications in the life sciences and beyond. Tritium (3 H), in particular, has seen an increase in utilization, especially in pharmaceutical drug discovery. The efforts and costs associated with the synthesis of labelled compounds are more than compensated for by the enhanced molecular sensitivity during analysis and the high reliability of the data obtained. In this Review, advances in the application of hydrogen isotopes in the life sciences are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Atzrodt
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Derdau
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, Integrated Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marc Reid
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XL, UK
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262
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Abstract
The use of computational toxicology methods within drug discovery began in the early 2000s with applications such as predicting bacterial mutagenicity and hERG inhibition. The field has been continuously expanding ever since and the tasks at hand have become more complex. These approaches are now strategically integrated into the risk assessment process, as a complement to in vitro and in vivo methods. Today, computational toxicology can be used in every phase of drug discovery and development, from profiling large libraries early on, to predicting off-target effects in the mid-discovery phase, to assessing potential mutagenic impurities in development and degradants as part of life-cycle management. This chapter provides an overview of the field and describes the application of computational toxicology throughout the entire discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Hasselgren
- PureInfo Discovery Inc., Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Leadscope Inc., Columbus, OH, USA.
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263
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Kadi AA, Attwa M, Darwish HW. LC-ESI-MS/MS reveals the formation of reactive intermediates in brigatinib metabolism: elucidation of bioactivation pathways. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1182-1190. [PMID: 35540908 PMCID: PMC9077137 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four phase I BGB metabolites and three cyano adducts for BGB were detected using LC-MS/MS. The piperidine ring was found to be responsible for BGB bioactivation and the bioactivation pathways are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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264
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Janes MR, Zhang J, Li LS, Hansen R, Peters U, Guo X, Chen Y, Babbar A, Firdaus SJ, Darjania L, Feng J, Chen JH, Li S, Li S, Long YO, Thach C, Liu Y, Zarieh A, Ely T, Kucharski JM, Kessler LV, Wu T, Yu K, Wang Y, Yao Y, Deng X, Zarrinkar PP, Brehmer D, Dhanak D, Lorenzi MV, Hu-Lowe D, Patricelli MP, Ren P, Liu Y. Targeting KRAS Mutant Cancers with a Covalent G12C-Specific Inhibitor. Cell 2018; 172:578-589.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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265
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Aprahamian ML, Tikunova SB, Price MV, Cuesta AF, Davis JP, Lindert S. Successful Identification of Cardiac Troponin Calcium Sensitizers Using a Combination of Virtual Screening and ROC Analysis of Known Troponin C Binders. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:3056-3069. [PMID: 29144742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the protein complex troponin. Calcium binds to the N-terminal domain of troponin C (cNTnC) which initiates the process of contraction. Heart failure is a consequence of a disruption of this process. With the prevalence of this condition, a strong need exists to find novel compounds to increase the calcium sensitivity of cNTnC. Desirable are small chemical molecules that bind to the interface between cTnC and the cTnI switch peptide and exhibit calcium sensitizing properties by possibly stabilizing cTnC in an open conformation. To identify novel drug candidates, we employed a structure-based drug discovery protocol that incorporated the use of a relaxed complex scheme (RCS). In preparation for the virtual screening, cNTnC conformations were identified based on their ability to correctly predict known cNTnC binders using a receiver operating characteristics analysis. Following a virtual screen of the National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutic Program database, a small number of molecules were experimentally tested using stopped-flow kinetics and steady-state fluorescence titrations. We identified two novel compounds, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-chromanediol (NSC600285) and 3-(4-methylphenyl)-7,8-chromanediol (NSC611817), that show increased calcium sensitivity of cTnC in the presence of the regulatory domain of cTnI. The effects of NSC600285 and NSC611817 on the calcium dissociation rate was stronger than that of the known calcium sensitizer bepridil. Thus, we identified a 3-phenylchromane group as a possible key pharmacophore in the sensitization of cardiac muscle contraction. Building on this finding is of interest to researchers working on development of drugs for calcium sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Svetlana B Tikunova
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Morgan V Price
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andres F Cuesta
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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266
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Good JAD, Kulén M, Silver J, Krishnan KS, Bahnan W, Núñez-Otero C, Nilsson I, Wede E, de Groot E, Gylfe Å, Bergström S, Almqvist F. Thiazolino 2-Pyridone Amide Isosteres As Inhibitors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infectivity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9393-9399. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. D. Good
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martina Kulén
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jim Silver
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - K. Syam Krishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wael Bahnan
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlos Núñez-Otero
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Clinical
microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingela Nilsson
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Wede
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Esmee de Groot
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Gylfe
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Clinical
microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sven Bergström
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory
for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå
Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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267
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Jaladanki CK, Shaikh A, Bharatam PV. Biotransformation of Isoniazid by Cytochromes P450: Analyzing the Molecular Mechanism using Density Functional Theory. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2060-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K. Jaladanki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Akbar Shaikh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector -67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062 Punjab, India
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268
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Choe H, Jeon BU, Jung ME, Jeon MK, Shin I, Cho BC, Choi G, Chae CH, Lee K. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of 2,4-Dianilinopyrimidine Containing Methanesulfonamide (TRE-069) as Potent and Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M/C797S Mutant Inhibitor for Anticancer Treatment. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Choe
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Byeong Uk Jeon
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Sogang University; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Myoung Eun Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Moon-Kook Jeon
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Inji Shin
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology; Korea University of Science & Technology; Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Gildon Choi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology; Korea University of Science & Technology; Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - Chong Hak Chae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology; Korea University of Science & Technology; Daejeon 34113 Korea
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269
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Sun R, Shi F, Liu K, Fu L, Tian C, Yang Y, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Yang J. A Chemoproteomic Platform To Assess Bioactivation Potential of Drugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1797-1803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug
Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation
and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Department
of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry
of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine
of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Keke Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Caiping Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug
Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation
and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences,
Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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270
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Lu W, Liu Y, Ma H, Zheng J, Tian S, Sun Z, Luo L, Li J, Zhang H, Yang ZJ, Zhang X. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Smoothened Antagonists with in Vivo Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1980-1994. [PMID: 28618224 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the most prevalent brain tumors in children. Aberrant hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling is thought to be involved in the initiation and development of medulloblastoma. Vismodegib, the first FDA-approved cancer therapy based on inhibition of aberrant hedgehog signaling, targets smoothened (Smo), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) central to the Hh pathway. Although vismodegib exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment, concerns have been raised from its nonlinear pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles at high doses partly due to low aqueous solubility. Many patients experience adverse events such as muscle spasms and weight loss. In addition, drug resistance often arises among tumor cells during treatment with vismodegib. There is clearly an urgent need to explore novel Smo antagonists with improved potency and efficacy. Through a scaffold hopping strategy, we have identified a series of novel tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which exhibited effective inhibition of Hh signaling. Among them, compound 24 is three times more potent than vismodegib in the NIH3T3-GRE-Luc reporter gene assay. Compound 24 has a lower melting point and much greater solubility compared with vismodegib, resulting in linear PK profiles when dosed orally at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg in rats. Furthermore, compound 24 showed excellent PK profiles with a 72% oral bioavailability in beagle dogs. Compound 24 demonstrated overall favorable in vitro safety profiles with respect to CYP isoform and hERG inhibition. Finally, compound 24 led to significant regression of subcutaneous tumor generated by primary Ptch1-deficient medulloblastoma cells in SCID mouse. In conclusion, tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives represent a novel set of Smo inhibitors that could potentially be utilized to treat medulloblastoma and other Hh pathway related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Sun
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lusong Luo
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, P. R. China
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271
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Stepan AF, Claffey MM, Reese MR, Balan G, Barreiro G, Barricklow J, Bohanon MJ, Boscoe BP, Cappon GD, Chenard LK, Cianfrogna J, Chen L, Coffman KJ, Drozda SE, Dunetz JR, Ghosh S, Hou X, Houle C, Karki K, Lazzaro JT, Mancuso JY, Marcek JM, Miller EL, Moen MA, O'Neil S, Sakurada I, Skaddan M, Parikh V, Smith DL, Trapa P, Tuttle JB, Verhoest PR, Walker DP, Won A, Wright AS, Whritenour J, Zasadny K, Zaleska MM, Zhang L, Shaffer CL. Discovery and Characterization of (R)-6-Neopentyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-6,7-dihydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4(9H)-one (PF-06462894), an Alkyne-Lacking Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulator Profiled in both Rat and Nonhuman Primates. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7764-7780. [PMID: 28817277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed a cutaneous type IV immune response in nonhuman primates (NHP) with the mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) 7. To determine if this adverse event was chemotype- or mechanism-based, we evaluated a distinct series of mGlu5 NAMs. Increasing the sp3 character of high-throughput screening hit 40 afforded a novel morpholinopyrimidone mGlu5 NAM series. Its prototype, (R)-6-neopentyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-6,7-dihydropyrimido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4(9H)-one (PF-06462894, 8), possessed favorable properties and a predicted low clinical dose (2 mg twice daily). Compound 8 did not show any evidence of immune activation in a mouse drug allergy model. Additionally, plasma samples from toxicology studies confirmed that 8 did not form any reactive metabolites. However, 8 caused the identical microscopic skin lesions in NHPs found with 7, albeit with lower severity. Holistically, this work supports the hypothesis that this unique toxicity may be mechanism-based although additional work is required to confirm this and determine clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Stepan
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michelle M Claffey
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew R Reese
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gayatri Balan
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriela Barreiro
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason Barricklow
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J Bohanon
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian P Boscoe
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregg D Cappon
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lois K Chenard
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Julie Cianfrogna
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen J Coffman
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Susan E Drozda
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joshua R Dunetz
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Somraj Ghosh
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher Houle
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapil Karki
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T Lazzaro
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica Y Mancuso
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M Marcek
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emily L Miller
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark A Moen
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven O'Neil
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Isao Sakurada
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Marc Skaddan
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Vinod Parikh
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Deborah L Smith
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick Trapa
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jamison B Tuttle
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel P Walker
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Annie Won
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann S Wright
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Margaret M Zaleska
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher L Shaffer
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, and §Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc. , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, #Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, ∇Drug Safety Research and Development, and ○BioImaging Center, Pfizer Inc. , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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272
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Zhang W, Lu W, Ananthan S, Suto MJ, Li Y. Discovery of novel frizzled-7 inhibitors by targeting the receptor's transmembrane domain. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91459-91470. [PMID: 29207657 PMCID: PMC5710937 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (Fzd) proteins are seven transmembrane receptors that belong to a novel and separated family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Fzd receptors can respond to Wnt proteins to activate the canonical β-catenin pathway which is important for both initiation and progression of cancers. Disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin signal thus represents an opportunity for rational cancer prevention and therapy. Of the 10 members of the Fzd family, Fzd7 is the most important member involved in cancer development and progression. In the present studies, we applied structure-based virtual screening targeting the transmembrane domain (TMD) of Fzd7 to select compounds that could potentially bind to the Fzd7-TMD and block the Wnt/Fzd7 signaling and further evaluated them in biological assays. Six small molecule compounds were confirmed as Fzd7 inhibitors. The best hit, SRI37892, significantly blocked the Wnt/Fzd7 signaling with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range and inhibited cancer cell proliferation with IC50 values around 2 μM. Our results provide the first proof of concept of targeting Fzd-TMD for the development of Wnt/Fzd modulators. The identified small molecular Fzd7 inhibitors can serve as a useful tool for studying the regulation mechanism(s) of Wnt/Fzd7 signaling as well as a starting point for the development of cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Mark J Suto
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Yonghe Li
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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273
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Whitby LR, Obach RS, Simon GM, Hayward MM, Cravatt BF. Quantitative Chemical Proteomic Profiling of the in Vivo Targets of Reactive Drug Metabolites. ACS Chem Biol 2017. [PMID: 28636309 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic liver toxicity represents an important problem in drug research and pharmacotherapy. Reactive drug metabolites that modify proteins are thought to be a principal factor in drug-induced liver injury. Here, we describe a quantitative chemical proteomic method to identify the targets of reactive drug metabolites in vivo. Treating mice with clickable analogues of four representative hepatotoxic drugs, we demonstrate extensive covalent binding that is confined primarily to the liver. Each drug exhibited a distinct target profile that, in certain cases, showed strong enrichment for specific metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid/sterol pathways for troglitazone). Site-specific proteomics revealed that acetaminophen reacts with high stoichiometry with several conserved, functional (seleno)cysteine residues throughout the liver proteome. Our findings thus provide an advanced experimental framework to characterize the proteomic reactivity of drug metabolites in vivo, revealing target profiles that may help to explain mechanisms and identify risk factors for drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon R. Whitby
- The
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92307, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriel M. Simon
- Vividion Therapeutics, 3033 Science
Park Rd Suite D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew M. Hayward
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, California 92307, United States
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274
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Swain NA, Batchelor D, Beaudoin S, Bechle BM, Bradley PA, Brown AD, Brown B, Butcher KJ, Butt RP, Chapman ML, Denton S, Ellis D, Galan SRG, Gaulier SM, Greener BS, de Groot MJ, Glossop MS, Gurrell IK, Hannam J, Johnson MS, Lin Z, Markworth CJ, Marron BE, Millan DS, Nakagawa S, Pike A, Printzenhoff D, Rawson DJ, Ransley SJ, Reister SM, Sasaki K, Storer RI, Stupple PA, West CW. Discovery of Clinical Candidate 4-[2-(5-Amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy]-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-1,3-thiazol-4-ylbenzenesulfonamide (PF-05089771): Design and Optimization of Diaryl Ether Aryl Sulfonamides as Selective Inhibitors of NaV1.7. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7029-7042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge Beaudoin
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Bruce M. Bechle
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L. Chapman
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Zhixin Lin
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | - Brian E. Marron
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | | | | | - David Printzenhoff
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | | | - Steven M. Reister
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher W. West
- Icagen Inc., 4222 Emperor Blvd
no. 350, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
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275
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Madden J, Webb S, Enoch S, Colley H, Murdoch C, Shipley R, Sharma P, Yang C, Cronin M. In silico prediction of skin metabolism and its implication in toxicity assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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276
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Shah F, Stepan AF, O'Mahony A, Velichko S, Folias AE, Houle C, Shaffer CL, Marcek J, Whritenour J, Stanton R, Berg EL. Mechanisms of Skin Toxicity Associated with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Negative Allosteric Modulators. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:858-869.e5. [PMID: 28669525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous reactions represent one of the most common adverse drug effects observed in clinical trials leading to substantial compound attrition. Three negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which represent an important target for neurological diseases, developed by Pfizer, were recently failed in preclinical development due to delayed type IV skin hypersensitivity observed in non-human primates (NHPs). Here we employed large-scale phenotypic profiling in standardized panels of human primary cell/co-culture systems to characterize the skin toxicity mechanism(s) of mGluR5 NAMs from two different series. Investigation of a database of chemicals tested in these systems and transcriptional profiling suggested that the mechanism of toxicity may involve modulation of nuclear receptor targets RAR/RXR, and/or VDR with AhR antagonism. The studies reported here demonstrate how phenotypic profiling of preclinical drug candidates using human primary cells can provide insights into the mechanisms of toxicity and inform early drug discovery and development campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falgun Shah
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison O'Mahony
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sharlene Velichko
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexandra E Folias
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher Houle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - John Marcek
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jessica Whritenour
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Robert Stanton
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ellen L Berg
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoverX, 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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277
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5673-5698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey L. Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Forman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John F. Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E. Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J. Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne W. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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278
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Yang H, Li J, Wu Z, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Evaluation of Different Methods for Identification of Structural Alerts Using Chemical Ames Mutagenicity Data Set as a Benchmark. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1355-1364. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of
New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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279
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Leeming MG, Donald WA, O'Hair RAJ. Nontargeted Identification of Reactive Metabolite Protein Adducts. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5748-5756. [PMID: 28481086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic bioactivation of many different chemicals results in the formation of highly reactive compounds (chemically reactive metabolites, CRMs) that can lead to toxicity via binding to macromolecular targets (e.g., proteins or DNA). There is a need to develop robust, rapid, and nontargeted analytical techniques to determine the identity of the protein targets of CRMs and their sites of modification. Here, we introduce a nontargeted methodology capable of determining both the identity of a CRM formed from an administered compound as well as the protein targets modified by the reactive metabolite in a single experiment without prior information. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) and 13C6-APAP were incubated with rat liver microsomes, which are known to bioactivate APAP to the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Global tryptic digestion followed by liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) analysis was used to locate "twin" ion peaks of peptides adducted by NAPQI and for shotgun proteomics via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). By the development of blended data analytics software called Xenophile, the identity of the amino acid residue that was adducted can be established, which eliminates the need for specific parametrization of protein database search algorithms. This combination of experimental design and data analysis software allows the identity of a CRM, the protein target, and the amino acid residues that are modified to be rapidly established directly from experimental data. Xenophile is freely available from https://github.com/mgleeming/Xenophile .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Leeming
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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280
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Desroy N, Housseman C, Bock X, Joncour A, Bienvenu N, Cherel L, Labeguere V, Rondet E, Peixoto C, Grassot JM, Picolet O, Annoot D, Triballeau N, Monjardet A, Wakselman E, Roncoroni V, Le Tallec S, Blanque R, Cottereaux C, Vandervoort N, Christophe T, Mollat P, Lamers M, Auberval M, Hrvacic B, Ralic J, Oste L, van der Aar E, Brys R, Heckmann B. Discovery of 2-[[2-Ethyl-6-[4-[2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbonitrile (GLPG1690), a First-in-Class Autotaxin Inhibitor Undergoing Clinical Evaluation for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3580-3590. [PMID: 28414242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin is a circulating enzyme with a major role in the production of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) species in blood. A role for the autotaxin/LPA axis has been suggested in many disease areas including pulmonary fibrosis. Structural modifications of the known autotaxin inhibitor lead compound 1, to attenuate hERG inhibition, remove CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition, and improve pharmacokinetic properties, led to the identification of clinical candidate GLPG1690 (11). Compound 11 was able to cause a sustained reduction of LPA levels in plasma in vivo and was shown to be efficacious in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice and in reducing extracellular matrix deposition in the lung while also reducing LPA 18:2 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Compound 11 is currently being evaluated in an exploratory phase 2a study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Desroy
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Xavier Bock
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Agnès Joncour
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Natacha Bienvenu
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laëtitia Cherel
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Emilie Rondet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Picolet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Denis Annoot
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Alain Monjardet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | - Roland Blanque
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Celine Cottereaux
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Nele Vandervoort
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Mollat
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Marieke Lamers
- Charles River Laboratories , Chesterford Research Park, CB10 1XL Saffron Walden, United Kingdom
| | - Marielle Auberval
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Boska Hrvacic
- Fidelta Ltd. , Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Jovica Ralic
- Fidelta Ltd. , Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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281
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Minimizing the risk of chemically reactive metabolite formation of new drug candidates: implications for preclinical drug design. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:751-756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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282
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Weiss MM, Dineen TA, Marx IE, Altmann S, Boezio A, Bregman H, Chu-Moyer M, DiMauro EF, Feric Bojic E, Foti RS, Gao H, Graceffa R, Gunaydin H, Guzman-Perez A, Huang H, Huang L, Jarosh M, Kornecook T, Kreiman CR, Ligutti J, La DS, Lin MHJ, Liu D, Moyer BD, Nguyen HN, Peterson EA, Rose PE, Taborn K, Youngblood BD, Yu V, Fremeau RT. Sulfonamides as Selective NaV1.7 Inhibitors: Optimizing Potency and Pharmacokinetics While Mitigating Metabolic Liabilities. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5969-5989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Kornecook
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | - Joseph Ligutti
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | | | - Dong Liu
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bryan D. Moyer
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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283
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Graceffa RF, Boezio AA, Able J, Altmann S, Berry LM, Boezio C, Butler JR, Chu-Moyer M, Cooke M, DiMauro EF, Dineen TA, Feric Bojic E, Foti RS, Fremeau RT, Guzman-Perez A, Gao H, Gunaydin H, Huang H, Huang L, Ilch C, Jarosh M, Kornecook T, Kreiman CR, La DS, Ligutti J, Milgram BC, Lin MHJ, Marx IE, Nguyen HN, Peterson EA, Rescourio G, Roberts J, Schenkel L, Shimanovich R, Sparling BA, Stellwagen J, Taborn K, Vaida KR, Wang J, Yeoman J, Yu V, Zhu D, Moyer BD, Weiss MM. Sulfonamides as Selective NaV1.7 Inhibitors: Optimizing Potency, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolic Properties to Obtain Atropisomeric Quinolinone (AM-0466) that Affords Robust in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5990-6017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Able
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Kornecook
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Ligutti
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan D. Moyer
- Department
of Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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284
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Lagorce D, Douguet D, Miteva MA, Villoutreix BO. Computational analysis of calculated physicochemical and ADMET properties of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46277. [PMID: 28397808 PMCID: PMC5387685 DOI: 10.1038/srep46277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of PPIs by low molecular weight chemical compounds, particularly by orally bioavailable molecules, would be very valuable in numerous disease indications. However, it is known that PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) tend to have properties that are linked to poor Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) and in some cases to poor clinical outcomes. Previously reported in silico analyses of iPPIs have essentially focused on physicochemical properties but several other ADMET parameters would be important to assess. In order to gain new insights into the ADMET properties of iPPIs, computations were carried out on eight datasets collected from several databases. These datasets involve compounds targeting enzymes, GPCRs, ion channels, nuclear receptors, allosteric modulators, oral marketed drugs, oral natural product-derived marketed drugs and iPPIs. Several trends are reported that should assist the design and optimization of future PPI inhibitors, either for drug discovery endeavors or for chemical biology projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagorce
- INSERM, U973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Douguet
- CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Maria A. Miteva
- INSERM, U973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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285
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Sun H, Huang R, Xia M, Shahane S, Southall N, Wang Y. Prediction of hERG Liability - Using SVM Classification, Bootstrapping and Jackknifing. Mol Inform 2017; 36:10.1002/minf.201600126. [PMID: 28000393 PMCID: PMC5382096 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced QT prolongation leads to life-threatening cardiotoxicity, mostly through blockage of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) encoded potassium ion (K+ ) channels. The hERG channel is one of the most important antitargets to be addressed in the early stage of drug discovery process, in order to avoid more costly failures in the development phase. Using a thallium flux assay, 4,323 molecules were screened for hERG channel inhibition in a quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) format. Here, we present support vector classification (SVC) models of hERG channel inhibition with the averaged area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.93 for the tested compounds. Both Jackknifing and bootstrapping have been employed to rebalance the heavily biased training datasets, and the impact of these two under-sampling rebalance methods on the performance of the predictive models is discussed. Our results indicated that the rebalancing techniques did not enhance the predictive power of the resulting models; instead, adoption of optimal cutoffs could restore the desirable balance of sensitivity and specificity of the binary classifiers. In an external validation set of 66 drug molecules, the SVC model exhibited an AUC-ROC of 0.86, further demonstrating the utility of this modeling approach to predict hERG liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sampada Shahane
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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286
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Dang NL, Hughes TB, Miller GP, Swamidass SJ. Computational Approach to Structural Alerts: Furans, Phenols, Nitroaromatics, and Thiophenes. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1046-1059. [PMID: 28256829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural alerts are commonly used in drug discovery to identify molecules likely to form reactive metabolites and thereby become toxic. Unfortunately, as useful as structural alerts are, they do not effectively model if, when, and why metabolism renders safe molecules toxic. Toxicity due to a specific structural alert is highly conditional, depending on the metabolism of the alert, the reactivity of its metabolites, dosage, and competing detoxification pathways. A systems approach, which explicitly models these pathways, could more effectively assess the toxicity risk of drug candidates. In this study, we demonstrated that mathematical models of P450 metabolism can predict the context-specific probability that a structural alert will be bioactivated in a given molecule. This study focuses on the furan, phenol, nitroaromatic, and thiophene alerts. Each of these structural alerts can produce reactive metabolites through certain metabolic pathways but not always. We tested whether our metabolism modeling approach, XenoSite, can predict when a given molecule's alerts will be bioactivated. Specifically, we used models of epoxidation, quinone formation, reduction, and sulfur-oxidation to predict the bioactivation of furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs. Our models separated bioactivated and not-bioactivated furan-, phenol-, nitroaromatic-, and thiophene-containing drugs with AUC performances of 100%, 73%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. Metabolism models accurately predict whether alerts are bioactivated and thus serve as a practical approach to improve the interpretability and usefulness of structural alerts. We expect that this same computational approach can be extended to most other structural alerts and later integrated into toxicity risk models. This advance is one necessary step toward our long-term goal of building comprehensive metabolic models of bioactivation and detoxification to guide assessment and design of new therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Le Dang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tyler B Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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287
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Hutchings KM, Lisabeth EM, Rajeswaran W, Wilson MW, Sorenson RJ, Campbell PL, Ruth JH, Amin A, Tsou PS, Leipprandt JR, Olson SR, Wen B, Zhao T, Sun D, Khanna D, Fox DA, Neubig RR, Larsen SD. Pharmacokinetic optimitzation of CCG-203971: Novel inhibitors of the Rho/MRTF/SRF transcriptional pathway as potential antifibrotic therapeutics for systemic scleroderma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1744-1749. [PMID: 28285914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the development of a novel inhibitor of Rho-mediated gene transcription (1, CCG-203971) that is efficacious in multiple animal models of acute fibrosis, including scleroderma, when given intraperitoneally. The modest in vivo potency and poor pharmacokinetics (PK) of this lead, however, make it unsuitable for long term efficacy studies. We therefore undertook a systematic medicinal chemistry effort to improve both the metabolic stability and the solubility of 1, resulting in the identification of two analogs achieving over 10-fold increases in plasma exposures in mice. We subsequently showed that one of these analogs (8f, CCG-232601) could inhibit the development of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice when administered orally at 50mg/kg, an effect that was comparable to what we had observed earlier with 1 at a 4-fold higher IP dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Hutchings
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erika M Lisabeth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Walajapet Rajeswaran
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael W Wilson
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roderick J Sorenson
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Phillip L Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Ruth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asif Amin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Leipprandt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Samuel R Olson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- UM Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ting Zhao
- UM Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- UM Pharmacokinetics Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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288
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Van Vleet TR, Liu H, Lee A, Blomme EAG. Acyl glucuronide metabolites: Implications for drug safety assessment. Toxicol Lett 2017; 272:1-7. [PMID: 28286018 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronides are important metabolites of compounds with carboxylic acid moieties and have unique properties that distinguish them from other phase 2 metabolites. In particular, in addition to being often unstable, acyl glucuronide metabolites can be chemically reactive leading to covalent binding with macromolecules and toxicity. While there is circumstantial evidence that drugs forming acyl glucuronide metabolites can be associated with rare, but severe idiosyncratic toxic reactions, many widely prescribed drugs with good safety records are also metabolized through acyl glucuronidation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the various factors that can affect the safety of acyl glucuronide-producing drugs including the rate of acyl glucuronide formation, the relative reactivity of the acyl glucuronide metabolite formed, the rate of elimination, potential proteins being targeted, and the rate of aglucuronidation. In this review, these factors are discussed and various approaches to de-risk the safety liabilities of acyl glucuronide metabolites are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Van Vleet
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Department of Preclinical Safety, United States.
| | - Hong Liu
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Biomeasure and Metabolism, United States
| | - Anthony Lee
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Biomeasure and Metabolism, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Department of Preclinical Safety, United States
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289
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Choudhary P, Armstrong EJ, Jorgensen CC, Piotrowski M, Barthmes M, Torella R, Johnston SE, Maruyama Y, Janiszewski JS, Storer RI, Skerratt SE, Benn CL. Discovery of Compounds that Positively Modulate the High Affinity Choline Transporter. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28289374 PMCID: PMC5326799 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic hypofunction is associated with decreased attention and cognitive deficits in the central nervous system in addition to compromised motor function. Consequently, stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission is a rational therapeutic approach for the potential treatment of a variety of neurological conditions. High affinity choline uptake (HACU) into acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing neurons is critically mediated by the sodium- and pH-dependent high-affinity choline transporter (CHT, encoded by the SLC5A7 gene). This transporter is comparatively well-characterized but otherwise unexplored as a potential drug target. We therefore sought to identify small molecules that would enable testing of the hypothesis that positive modulation of CHT mediated transport would enhance activity-dependent cholinergic signaling. We utilized existing and novel screening techniques for their ability to reveal both positive and negative modulation of CHT using literature tools. A screening campaign was initiated with a bespoke compound library comprising both the Pfizer Chemogenomic Library (CGL) of 2,753 molecules designed specifically to help enable the elucidation of new mechanisms in phenotypic screens and 887 compounds from a virtual screening campaign to select molecules with field-based similarities to reported negative and positive allosteric modulators. We identified a number of previously unknown active and structurally distinct molecules that could be used as tools to further explore CHT biology or as a starting point for further medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuya Maruyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Nagano, Japan
| | | | - R Ian Storer
- Pfizer, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry Cambridge, UK
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290
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Hughes TB, Swamidass SJ. Deep Learning to Predict the Formation of Quinone Species in Drug Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:642-656. [PMID: 28099803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many adverse drug reactions are thought to be caused by electrophilically reactive drug metabolites that conjugate to nucleophilic sites within DNA and proteins, causing cancer or toxic immune responses. Quinone species, including quinone-imines, quinone-methides, and imine-methides, are electrophilic Michael acceptors that are often highly reactive and comprise over 40% of all known reactive metabolites. Quinone metabolites are created by cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. For example, cytochromes P450 oxidize acetaminophen to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, which is electrophilically reactive and covalently binds to nucleophilic sites within proteins. This reactive quinone metabolite elicits a toxic immune response when acetaminophen exceeds a safe dose. Using a deep learning approach, this study reports the first published method for predicting quinone formation: the formation of a quinone species by metabolic oxidation. We model both one- and two-step quinone formation, enabling accurate quinone formation predictions in nonobvious cases. We predict atom pairs that form quinones with an AUC accuracy of 97.6%, and we identify molecules that form quinones with 88.2% AUC. By modeling the formation of quinones, one of the most common types of reactive metabolites, our method provides a rapid screening tool for a key drug toxicity risk. The XenoSite quinone formation model is available at http://swami.wustl.edu/xenosite/p/quinone .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , Campus Box 8118, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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291
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Tran YH, Groen H, Bergman JEH, Hak E, Wilffert B. Exposure to reactive intermediate-inducing drugs during pregnancy and the incident use of psychotropic medications among children. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 26:265-273. [PMID: 28097730 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to reactive intermediate (RI)-inducing drugs and the initiation of psychotropic medications among children. METHODS We designed a cohort study using a pharmacy prescription database. Pregnant women were considered exposed when they received a prescription of RI-inducing drugs. These drugs could be either used alone (RI+/FAA-) or combined with drugs exhibiting folic acid antagonism (FAA, RI+/FAA+). The reference group included pregnant women who did not receive any RI-inducing drugs or FAA drugs. RESULTS We analyzed 4116 exposed and 30 422 reference pregnancies. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.27 (95%CI 1.15-1.41) for pregnancies exposed to RI-inducing drugs as a whole. Considering subgroups of RI-inducing drugs, prenatal exposure to both RI+/FAA+ and RI+/FAA- was associated with the children's initiation of psychotropic medications, HRs being 1.35 (95%CI 1.10-1.66) and 1.26 (1.13-1.41), respectively. The HRs were increased with prolonged exposure to RI-inducing drugs, especially in the first and second trimesters. In a detailed examination of the psychotropics, the incidences of receiving antimigraine preparations and psychostimulants were significantly increased for the exposed children, compared with the reference children. The incidences of receiving antipsychotics and hypnotics were also higher for the exposed children; however, the HRs did not reach significance after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found a significantly increased incident use of psychotropic medications among children prenatally exposed to RI-inducing drugs, especially during the first and second trimesters. This suggests a detrimental effect during critical periods of brain development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Tran
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorieke E H Bergman
- Eurocat Registration Northern Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelko Hak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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292
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Sabbioni G, Turesky RJ. Biomonitoring Human Albumin Adducts: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:332-366. [PMID: 27989119 PMCID: PMC5241710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin (Alb) is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Alb reacts with many carcinogens and/or their electrophilic metabolites. Studies conducted over 20 years ago showed that Alb forms adducts with the human carcinogens aflatoxin B1 and benzene, which were successfully used as biomarkers in molecular epidemiology studies designed to address the role of these chemicals in cancer risk. Alb forms adducts with many therapeutic drugs or their reactive metabolites such as β-lactam antibiotics, acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and antiretroviral therapy drugs. The identification and characterization of the adduct structures formed with Alb have served to understand the generation of reactive metabolites and to predict idiosyncratic drug reactions and toxicities. The reaction of candidate drugs with Alb is now exploited as part of the battery of screening tools to assess the potential toxicities of drugs. The use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enabled the identification and quantification of multiple types of Alb xenobiotic adducts in animals and humans during the past three decades. In this perspective, we highlight the history of Alb as a target protein for adduction to environmental and dietary genotoxicants, pesticides, and herbicides, common classes of medicinal drugs, and endogenous electrophiles, and the emerging analytical mass spectrometry technologies to identify Alb-toxicant adducts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland
- Alpine Institute of Chemistry and Toxicology, CH-6718 Olivone, Switzerland
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie
und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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293
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Sistare FD, Mattes WB, LeCluyse EL. The Promise of New Technologies to Reduce, Refine, or Replace Animal Use while Reducing Risks of Drug Induced Liver Injury in Pharmaceutical Development. ILAR J 2017; 57:186-211. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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294
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Abstract
Although safety of drug candidates is carefully monitored in preclinical and clinical studies using a variety of approaches, drug toxicity may still occur in clinical practice. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to complement the current drug safety evaluation system. Metabolomics comprehensively analyzes the metabolites altered by drug exposure, which can therefore be used to profile drug metabolism, endobiotic metabolism, and drug-microbiota interactions. The information from metabolomic analysis can be used to determine the off-targets of a drug candidate, and thus provide a mechanistic understanding of drug toxicity. We herein discuss the opportunities of metabolomics in drug safety evaluation.
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295
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Kadi AA, Amer S, Darwish HW, Attwa MW. LC-MS/MS reveals the formation of aldehydes and iminium reactive intermediates in foretinib metabolism: phase I metabolic profiling. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using LC-MS/MS, six phase I foretinib metabolites in addition to four potential reactive metabolites, two aldehydes and two iminium ions, were detected and the bioactivation pathways were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan M. Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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296
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Amer S, Kadi AA, Darwish HW, Attwa MW. Identification and characterization of in vitro phase I and reactive metabolites of masitinib using a LC-MS/MS method: bioactivation pathway elucidation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro phase I metabolic reactions & cyano conjugates of masitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan M. Amer
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo 11562
- Egypt
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297
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In silico prediction of the mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds using a novel two-QSAR approach. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 40:102-114. [PMID: 28027902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain drugs are nitroaromatic compounds, which are potentially toxic. As such, it is of practical importance to assess and predict their mutagenic potency in the process of drug discovery. A classical quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed using the linear partial least square (PLS) scheme to understand the underline mutagenic mechanism and a non-classical QSAR model was derived using the machine learning-based hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) to predict the mutagenicity of nitroaromatic compounds based on a series of mutagenicity data (TA98-S9). It was observed that HSVR performed better than PLS as manifested by the predictions of the samples in the training set, test set, and outlier set as well as various statistical validations. A mock test designated to mimic real challenges also confirmed the better performance of HSVR. Furthermore, HSVR exhibited superiority in predictivity, generalization capabilities, consistent performance, and robustness when compared with various published predictive models. PLS, conversely, revealed some mechanistically interpretable relationships between descriptors and mutagenicity. Thus, this two-QSAR approach using the predictive HSVR and interpretable PLS models in a synergistic fashion can be adopted to facilitate drug discovery and development by designing safer drug candidates with nitroaromatic moiety.
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298
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Sautier B, Nising CF, Wortmann L. Fortschritte bei der Ras-Inhibition aus medizinisch-chemischer Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Sautier
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Carl F. Nising
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery; Medicinal Chemistry Berlin; Muellerstraße 178 13353 Berlin Deutschland
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299
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Butler CR, Ogilvie K, Martinez-Alsina L, Barreiro G, Beck EM, Nolan CE, Atchison K, Benvenuti E, Buzon L, Doran S, Gonzales C, Helal CJ, Hou X, Hsu MH, Johnson EF, Lapham K, Lanyon L, Parris K, O'Neill BT, Riddell D, Robshaw A, Vajdos F, Brodney MA. Aminomethyl-Derived Beta Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors: Engaging Gly230 without an Anilide Functionality. J Med Chem 2016; 60:386-402. [PMID: 27997172 PMCID: PMC5461923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A growing subset of β-secretase
(BACE1) inhibitors for the
treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) utilizes an anilide chemotype
that engages a key residue (Gly230) in the BACE1 binding site. Although
the anilide moiety affords excellent potency, it simultaneously introduces
a third hydrogen bond donor that limits brain availability and provides
a potential metabolic site leading to the formation of an aniline,
a structural motif of prospective safety concern. We report herein
an alternative aminomethyl linker that delivers similar potency and
improved brain penetration relative to the amide moiety. Optimization
of this series identified analogues with an excellent balance of ADME
properties and potency; however, potential drug–drug interactions
(DDI) were predicted based on CYP 2D6 affinities. Generation and analysis
of key BACE1 and CYP 2D6 crystal structures identified strategies
to obviate the DDI liability, leading to compound 16,
which exhibits robust in vivo efficacy as a BACE1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei-Hui Hsu
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
| | - Eric F Johnson
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92024, United States
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300
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Zhang XY, Elfarra AA. Potential roles of myeloperoxidase and hypochlorous acid in metabolism and toxicity of alkene hydrocarbons and drug molecules containing olefinic moieties. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:513-524. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1271413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adnan A. Elfarra
- Department of Comparative Biosciences and the Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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