251
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Sartorio F, Ferriero G, Corna S, Dal Negro F, DeAngeli M, Cudazzo A, Vercelli S. Relationship between work fatigue and manual dexterity in dental professionals: observational study. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:493-502. [PMID: 33311424 PMCID: PMC7809987 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i6.10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuro-muscular fatigue (ANM) in the upper limbs can cause impaired coordination and dexterity. The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether ANM induced by a working day produced a reduction in digital dexterity in a population of dental health workers (OSD). Secondary objective was to investigate whether there were relationships between any reductions in dexterity and independent socio-demographic variables (gender, age and profession). METHODS A cohort of OSD was assessed before and at the end of a working day of at least 7 hours using the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT). The effects of ANM (time), of the tested limb (dominance), and of their interaction on dexterity were investigated using two-way ANOVA. A multiple linear regression model was applied to explore the relationship between dexterity performance and independent variables. RESULTS A total of 50 OSDs were included. The net time of the FDT at the end of the day was always higher than in the morning. The ANOVA showed a significant difference for time (p <0.001) and side (p <0.001), but an effect from the interaction between the two factors was not identified (p = 0.428). The worsening of manual dexterity appears to be weakly correlated with age on both sides, and with the profession in the dominant limb. CONCLUSION The ANM appears to have negatively affected the dexterity of both hands in the sample examined. The results of this study may be useful for planning the OSD's work agenda more carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sartorio
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Giorgio Ferriero
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate (VA), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Corna
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Francesca Dal Negro
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
| | - Mario DeAngeli
- Lanzo Hospital, Clinica Ortopedica e Fisiatrica - COF, Reparto di Riabilitazione, Alta Valle Intelvi (CO)
| | | | - Stefano Vercelli
- Unità Operativa di Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Gattico-Veruno (NO)
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252
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Gnoni A, Longo S, Gnoni GV, Giudetti AM. Carnitine in Human Muscle Bioenergetics: Can Carnitine Supplementation Improve Physical Exercise? Molecules 2020; 25:E182. [PMID: 31906370 PMCID: PMC6982879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative widely known for its involvement in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, where fatty acid oxidation occurs. Moreover, l-Carnitine protects the cell from acyl-CoA accretion through the generation of acylcarnitines. Circulating carnitine is mainly supplied by animal-based food products and to a lesser extent by endogenous biosynthesis in the liver and kidney. Human muscle contains high amounts of carnitine but it depends on the uptake of this compound from the bloodstream, due to muscle inability to synthesize carnitine. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation represents an important energy source for muscle metabolism particularly during physical exercise. However, especially during high-intensity exercise, this process seems to be limited by the mitochondrial availability of free l-carnitine. Hence, fatty acid oxidation rapidly declines, increasing exercise intensity from moderate to high. Considering the important role of fatty acids in muscle bioenergetics, and the limiting effect of free carnitine in fatty acid oxidation during endurance exercise, l-carnitine supplementation has been hypothesized to improve exercise performance. So far, the question of the role of l-carnitine supplementation on muscle performance has not definitively been clarified. Differences in exercise intensity, training or conditioning of the subjects, amount of l-carnitine administered, route and timing of administration relative to the exercise led to different experimental results. In this review, we will describe the role of l-carnitine in muscle energetics and the main causes that led to conflicting data on the use of l-carnitine as a supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Gabriele V. Gnoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.L.); (G.V.G.)
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253
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Kim TW, Park SS, Kim BK, Sim YJ, Shin MS. Effects of sildenafil citrate on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:751-756. [PMID: 31938694 PMCID: PMC6944887 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938712.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type-5 used to treat erectile dysfunction. We investigated the effects of sildenafil citrate treatment on peripheral fatigue and exercise performance after exhaustive swimming exercise in rats. The rats in the sildenafil citrate-treated groups received sildenafil citrate orally once a day for 14 consecutive days at respective dosage. On the 14 days after starting experiment, each animal was submitted to swimming test with intensity equivalent to overload. The exhaustion was defined as a state in which coordinated movements did not return to the water surface for breathing within 10 sec. Western blot for monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1, MCT4, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were performed. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased time of exhaustion and increased lactate concentration, however, sildenafil citrate enhanced time of exhaustion and decreased lactate concentration. Exhaustive swimming exercise increased MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate further enhanced MCT1 and MCT4 expressions in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. Exhaustive swimming exercise decreased nNOS expression in the gastrocnemius muscles and sildenafil citrate enhanced nNOS expression in the exhaustive swimming exercise rats. The most potent effect appeared in the 20-mg/kg sildenafil citrate. Sildenafil citrate might be proposed as a potential ergogenic aid through antiperipheral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Seo Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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254
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Chan RW. Ovine Vocal Fold Tissue Fatigue Response to Accumulated, Large-Amplitude Vibration Exposure at Phonatory Frequencies. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:4291-4299. [PMID: 31770065 PMCID: PMC7201329 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-19-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The contribution of tissue mechanical response to vocal fatigue is poorly understood. This study investigated the fatigue response of vocal fold tissues to large-amplitude vibration exposure at phonatory frequencies, using an ex vivo ovine model. Method Twelve sheep vocal fold mucosal specimens were subjected to sinusoidal, simple-shear deformation for prolonged cycles, under a large but physiological shear strain (46%) in a frequency range of 100-230 Hz. The duration of shear varied from a critical vibration exposure limit of 1,040 s to 4 times the limit (4,160 s). Tissue viscoelastic response was quantified by the elastic shear modulus (G'), viscous shear modulus (G″), and damping ratio (G″/G'). Results Distinct response patterns were observed at different frequencies. G' and G″ generally decreased with vibration exposure at 100 Hz, whereas they generally increased with vibration exposure at 200 and 230 Hz. Statistically significant differences were found for G″ increasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz and damping ratio decreasing with vibration exposure at 200 Hz. Significant increases with frequency were also found for all viscoelastic functions. Results suggested that the contribution of tissue viscoelastic response to vocal fatigue could be highly frequency dependent. In particular, increases in G″ with vibration exposure could lead to high phonation threshold pressures and difficulty sustaining phonation at higher frequencies following prolonged vocalization. Conclusion These preliminary findings may help us better understand vocal fatigue and recovery and should be corroborated by studies with human vocal fold tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W. Chan
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan
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255
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Magherini F, Fiaschi T, Marzocchini R, Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Modesti PA, Modesti A. Oxidative stress in exercise training: the involvement of inflammation and peripheral signals. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1155-1165. [PMID: 31762356 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1697438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evidence about the health benefits of regular physical activity is well established. Exercise intensity is a significant variable and structured high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been demonstrated to improve both whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic health in different populations. Conversely, fatigue accumulation, if not resolved, leads to overwork, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), overtraining syndrome up to alterations of endocrine function, immune, systemic inflammation, and organic diseases with health threat. In response to temporary increases in stress during training, some athletes are unable to maintain sufficient caloric intake, thus suffering a negative energy balance that causes further stress. The regulation of the energy balance is controlled by the central nervous system through an elaborate interaction of the signalling that involves different tissues such as leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin whose provide important feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. Although exercise-induced reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in muscle, high levels of ROS appear to promote contractile dysfunction. However, a high level of oxidative stress in may induce a rise in inflammatory markers and a disregulation in expression of adiponectin, leptin and grelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magherini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzocchini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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256
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Reduce Muscle Fatigue in Patients With Motor Neuron Diseases? A New Direction of Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1243. [PMID: 31632290 PMCID: PMC6779805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a serious problem in patients with motor neuron diseases (MNDs). It commonly disturbs both daily life activity and rehabilitation tolerance. A particular concern should be taken when MNDs occur in older ages. Older patients with MNDs usually have a worse clinical presentation and a lower survival rate. This could increase the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue occurs due to a dysfunction in either motor or sensory systems. Current exercise interventions performed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue focused only on treating motor causes of muscle fatigue. It has been demonstrated that these interventions have a high debate in their effectiveness on decreasing the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Also, these exercise interventions ignored training the affected sensory part of muscle fatigue, however, the important role of the sensory system in driving the motor system. Thus, this review aimed to develop a novel exercise intervention by using proprioceptive training as an intervention to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue in patients with MNDs particularly, older ones. The physiological effects of proprioceptive training to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue could include two effects. The first effect includes the ability of the proprioceptive training to increase the sensitivity of muscle spindles as an attempt to normalize the firing rate of α-motoneurons, which their abnormalities have major roles in the occurrence of muscle fatigue. The second effect includes its ability to correct the abnormal movement-compensations, which develop due to the biomechanical constraints imposed on patients with MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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257
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Reduced expression of carbonic anhydrase III in skeletal muscles could be linked to muscle fatigue: A rat muscle fatigue model. J Orthop Translat 2019; 22:116-123. [PMID: 32440507 PMCID: PMC7231961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is expressed abundantly in slow skeletal muscles, adipocytes, and the liver. It plays a critical role in maintaining intracellular pH, antioxidation, and energy metabolism, which are further involved in fatigue. However, its function and mechanism in maintaining the physiological function of muscles or antifatigue are still ambiguous. We hypothesized that changes of CAIII in skeletal muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Method After establishing a rat soleus muscle fatigue model, we measured the protein expression of the CAIII in muscles. And the muscle intracellular biochemical indices [malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and lactic acid] were also measured using assay kits. After transfected by CAIII-overexpressing and knockdown lentiviral vectors, the rat soleus muscles were induced to fatigue to investigate the effects and possible molecular mechanisms of CAIII in antifatigue. Results The expression of CAIII in fatigued soleus muscles was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the ATP level in the fatigued muscle also significantly decreased, whereas lactic acid and MDA levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001). After posttransfection for 21 days, CAIII levels in muscles were significantly reduced in the CAIII-interfering lentivirus group, but increased in the CAIII-overexpressed lentivirus group (P < 0.001). In addition, CAIII knockdown muscles showed more reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and more increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during the fatigue test than the control group, (P < 0.05). On the other hand, CAIII-overexpressed muscles showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force and ATP levels and less increase of MDA and lactic acid levels during muscle fatigue than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that soleus muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation could result in downregulation of CAIII and ATP levels and accumulation of lactic acid and MDA. Further study showed that CAIII knockdown led to more reduction of the maximal muscle force, whereas CAIII overexpression showed less reduction of the maximal muscle force, which suggested that CAIII levels in muscles might be related to the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Translational potential CAIII plays an important role in muscle fatigue. Up-regulating the expression of CAIII might contribute to dissipating fatigue, which would provide a new method to solve the difficulties in eliminating muscular fatigue.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CAIII, carbonic anhydrase III
- CAs, carbonic anhydrases
- Carbonic anhydrase III
- Ct, threshold cycle
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Muscle fatigue
- NS, saline injection group
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PBST, PBS with Tween 20
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, Sprague Dawley
- SDS–PAGE gel, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Soleus muscle
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258
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Balestrino M, Adriano E. Creatine as a Candidate to Prevent Statin Myopathy. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090496. [PMID: 31533334 PMCID: PMC6770148 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins prevent cardiovascular diseases, yet their use is limited by the muscle disturbances they cause. Rarely, statin-induced myopathy is autoimmune, but more commonly it is due to direct muscle toxicity. Available evidence suggests that statin-induced creatine deficiency might be a major cause of this toxicity, and that creatine supplementation prevents it. Statins inhibit guanidinoacetate methyl transferase (GAMT), the last enzyme in the synthesis of creatine; thus, they decrease its intracellular content. Such decreased content could cause mitochondrial impairment, since creatine is the final acceptor of the phosphate group of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the end of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Decreased cellular synthesis of ATP would follow. Accordingly, ATP synthesis is decreased in statin-treated cells. In vitro, creatine supplementation prevents the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that is caused by statins. Clinically, creatine administration prevents statin myopathy in statin-intolerant patients. Additional research is warranted to hopefully confirm these findings. However, creatine is widely used by athletes with no adverse events, and has demonstrated to be safe even in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of elderly individuals. Thus, it should be trialed, under medical supervision, in patients who cannot assume statin due to the occurrence of muscular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Balestrino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Adriano
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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259
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Martin SA, Hadmaș RM. Individual Adaptation in Cross-Country Skiing Based on Tracking during Training Conditions. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7090211. [PMID: 31547420 PMCID: PMC6784154 DOI: 10.3390/sports7090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood pressure (BP) during specific training stages is less common in endurance athletes, whereas resting BP and HR are less studied in relationship to HRmax. In the current study, the objective was to conduct a medium-term HR, BP and MAP analysis while tracking individual training outcomes. The study was conducted during the 2017–2018 season, over 43 days and 1033 km of training volume, on 12 competitive male cross-country ski athletes. One VO2max test was performed 10 days before the start of the training program. After the test, training volume and intensity was preset for each subject, according to the general training methodology. Early morning HR, MAP and BP measurements were taken as part of the basic functional analysis. Training volume was correlated to both distance (p = 0.01, r = 0.85, CI95% = 0.80 to 0.88) and training HR%, namely the percentage of HRmax (p = 0.01, r = −0.47, CI95% = −0.58 to −0.34). Both the supine (sHR) and orthostatic HR (oHR) values were significantly correlated with the training intensity. We obtained a significant correlation between sHR and oHR values and the training objective (p = 0.01). An increased oHR was correlated to high intensity training activity (HIT) during the second training session (p = 0.01). Heart rate and blood pressure measurements represent predictive functional adaptation parameters over different training phases. We highlight a link between sHR, oHR, MAP data, and the athletes’ ability to perform in lower effort zones during physical exertion. However, we failed to validate MAP as a cardiovascular stress indicator following high intensity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Adrian Martin
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania.
| | - Roxana Maria Hadmaș
- Community Nutrition and Food Hygiene Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania
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260
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Hata J, Endo K, Tsuji O, Arakawa S, Sato M, Yagi K, Fujiyoshi K, Okano H, Nakamura M. Analysis of skeletal-muscle condition after excessive loading of the lower legs by sequential magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Sci 2019; 24:873-880. [PMID: 30878454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the changes of muscle conditions of lower leg after stretch shortening cycle exercises by MRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study included 20 healthy male adult volunteers. After conducting control MRI, each subject performed 3 sets of exercise loading, each set consisting of 100 repetitions of rebound jumping on one foot. MRIs were performed immediately after exercise loading (0 h), 6, 30, and 168 h later. After constructing T1/T2/Fractional Anisotropy (FA)/Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps, the changes of three skeletal muscles of the leg (the tibialis anterior [TA], soleus [SOL], and gastrocnemius [GA]) were quantitatively evaluated in each map at each time point. RESULTS The T1 and T2 values were prolonged after exercise loading, and there was a delay in the recovery of T1 at 6 and 30 h after exercise loading, as compared to those of T2 values over time. The ADC values were elevated in all three muscles immediately after exercise loading, then recovered more slowly than T1 and T2, and still had not returned to baseline 168 h after exercise loading. The FA value decreased in all three muscles after exercise loading, with the greatest decrease occurring immediately after exercise loading. As with the ADC values, the FA values were slow to recover from the decrease, and had not returned to baseline levels 168 h post-loading. CONCLUSION The delay of T1 value recovery suggested that the T1 value may reflect the muscle condition like fatigue and damage. Changes in the ADC and FA values over time suggested that structural changes such as minute muscular injuries can be detected by diffusion-weighted MRI. Meanwhile, the changes observed in the T1 and T2 values suggested that the measured relaxation time data reflected not only the water volume in the muscle, but also the muscle condition after exercise loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongoh, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuki Endo
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongoh, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Arakawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongoh, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongoh, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yagi
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Fujiyoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, 2-37-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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261
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Feng LR, Regan J, Shrader JA, Liwang J, Ross A, Kumar S, Saligan LN. Cognitive and motor aspects of cancer-related fatigue. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5840-5849. [PMID: 31407525 PMCID: PMC6792503 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating symptom frequently reported by patients during and after treatment for cancer. CRF is a multidimensional experience and is often solely assessed by self-report measures. The goal of the study is to examine the physical and cognitive aspects of self-reported CRF using a cognitive function test and a physical fatigue index in order to provide objective measures that can characterize the CRF phenotype. METHODS A total of 59 subjects with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy were included in the study. Fatigue was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F) questionnaire. Cognitive characteristics of CRF was measured using the Stroop Color-Word Interference computerized test and the motor aspect of fatigue was measured using the static fatigue test using a handgrip dynamometer. FINDINGS Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue scores significantly correlated with the Stroop Interference score, but not performance accuracy in all test conditions. Fatigued subjects exhibited a more rapid decline to 50% of maximal strength and increased static fatigue index in the handgrip test, whereas maximal grip strength was not affected. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that CRF exhibits both cognitive and physical characteristics. Subjective fatigue was associated with increased time required to overcome cognitive interference, but not cognitive performance accuracy. Fatigued patients exhibited decreased physical endurance and the ability to sustain maximal strength over time. These objective measures may serve as valuable tools for clinicians to detect cognitive and physical impairment associated with CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeniece Regan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph A Shrader
- Clinical Center Rehabilitation Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephine Liwang
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander Ross
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saloni Kumar
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Clari M, Garzaro G, Di Maso M, Donato F, Godono A, Paleologo M, Dimonte V, Pira E. Upper Limb Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2844. [PMID: 31395811 PMCID: PMC6720415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between personal and job characteristics and the risk of upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among operating room nurses (ORNs). To this end, we collected data from 148 ORNs working at 8 Italian hospitals and measured any upper limb disabilities experienced in the previous year using the Italian version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The associations between personal and job characteristics and risk of upper limb WMSDs were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models. The prevalence of upper limb WMSDs was 45.9%. Multivariate analysis showed the "female gender" and "monthly hours spent working as a scrub nurse" to be directly associated with a higher DASH score (adjusted OR for gender = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.65-17.51, p < 0.01; adjusted OR for monthly hours as scrub nurse = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.33-7.19, p < 0.01). Overall, our findings indicate that a full-time job (>120 h/month) as a scrub nurse significantly increases the risk of developing upper limb WMSDs among female ORNs. Thus, to reduce such risk in this particularly sensitive population, we recommend urgent implementation of ergonomic interventions on surgical equipment alongside job rotation and medical surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clari
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Di Maso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Donato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Godono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Paleologo
- Directorate of Allied Health Professionals, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Dimonte
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Pira
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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263
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P i-induced muscle fatigue leads to near-hyperbolic power-duration dependence. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2201-2213. [PMID: 31399839 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consequences of combining three ideas proposed previously by other authors: (1) that there exists a critical power (CP), above which no steady state in [Formula: see text]O2 (oxygen consumption) and metabolites can be achieved in voluntary constant-power exercise; (2) that muscle fatigue is related to decreased exercise efficiency (increased [Formula: see text]O2/power output ratio); and (3) that Pi (inorganic phosphate) is the main fatigue-related metabolite are investigated. METHODS A previously-developed computer model of the skeletal muscle bioenergetic system is used. It was assumed in computer simulations that skeletal muscle work terminates when cytosolic Pi (inorganic phosphate) exceeds a certain critical level. RESULTS Simulated changes in muscle [Formula: see text]O2, cytosolic ADP, pH, PCr and Pi as a function of time at various ATP usage activities (corresponding to power outputs) agreed well with experimental data. Computer simulations resulted in a fourth previously-published idea: (4) that the power-duration relationship describing the dependence of power output (PO) on the time to exhaustion of voluntary constant-power exercise at a given PO has a (near-)hyperbolic shape. CONCLUSIONS Pi is a major factor contributing to muscle fatigue, as such an assumption leads to a (near-)hyperbolic shape of the power-duration relationship, at least for exercise duration of ~ 1-10 min. Thus, a potential mechanism underlying the power-duration relationship shape is offered that was absent in the literature. Other factors/mechanisms, such as cytosol acidification, glycogen stores depletion and central fatigue can contribute to this relationship, especially in longer exercises.
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264
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Lomiwes D, Ha B, Ngametua N, Burr NS, Cooney JM, Trower TM, Sawyer G, Hedderley D, Hurst RD, Hurst SM. Timed consumption of a New Zealand blackcurrant juice support positive affective responses during a self-motivated moderate walking exercise in healthy sedentary adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:33. [PMID: 31375128 PMCID: PMC6679481 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective responses experienced during exercise are a significant determinant on exercise adherence. We have previously demonstrated that consumption of New Zealand (NZ) blackcurrants preserves cognition by attenuating the feeling of fatigue. This positive affective response correlated with the ability of blackcurrant polyphenols to support monoamine neurotransmission via inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity. Here we explore how the consumption of a NZ blackcurrant juice (BJ) influenced affective responses and potential ergogenic action on the motivation to adhere to a low impact walking exercise. METHODS In a parallel randomized controlled study (Trial registration #: ACTRN12617000319370p, registered 28th February 2017, http://www.anzctr.org.au/ ), 40 healthy sedentary male and female participants drank a BJ or matched placebo (PLA) (n = 20 per group), 1 h prior to a self-motivated treadmill walk, where heart rate and affective responses (exertion [ES] or feeling / mood [FS]) scores) were recorded at 3 or 5 min intervals. Blood glucose, lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA) and platelet MAO-B activity were measured pre- and post-exercise and comparisons were conducted using with Student's t-tests. Subjective data were analysed using 2-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. RESULTS Consuming a BJ 1 h prior to exercise caused a 90% decline in platelet MAO-B activity. The exercise had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on blood lactate, glucose or plasma MDA levels. Assessment of affective responses over the first 60 mins (adjusting for participant drop-out) revealed a time-dependent ES increase in both groups, with ES reported by participants in the BJ group consistently lower than those in the PLA group (p < 0.05). FS declined in PLA and BJ groups over 60 mins, but an inverse relationship with ES was only observed within the PLA group (r2 = 0.99, p = 0.001). Whilst the average time walked by participants in the BJ group was 11 mins longer than the PLA group (p = 0.3), and 30% of the BJ group achieving > 10 km compared to only 10% for the PLA group (p = 0.28), statistical significance was not achieved. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that drinking a polyphenolic-rich NZ blackcurrant juice 1 h prior to exercise supports positive affective responses during a self-motivated exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Lomiwes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Birgit Ha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. MARC, Auckland, New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Nayer Ngametua
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Natalie S. Burr
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - Tania M. Trower
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - Greg Sawyer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Roger D. Hurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
| | - Suzanne M. Hurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. New Zealand Ltd, Private Bag, Palmerston North, 11030 New Zealand
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265
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Wilcox M, Brown H, Johnson K, Sinisi M, Quick TJ. An assessment of fatigability following nerve transfer to reinnervate elbow flexor muscles. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:867-871. [PMID: 31256676 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2019-0005.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Improvements in the evaluation of outcomes following peripheral nerve injury are needed. Recent studies have identified muscle fatigue as an inevitable consequence of muscle reinnervation. This study aimed to quantify and characterize muscle fatigue within a standardized surgical model of muscle reinnervation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 12 patients who underwent Oberlin nerve transfer in an attempt to restore flexion of the elbow following brachial plexus injury. There were ten men and two women with a mean age of 45.5 years (27 to 69). The mean follow-up was 58 months (28 to 100). Repeated and sustained isometric contractions of the elbow flexors were used to assess fatigability of reinnervated muscle. The strength of elbow flexion was measured using a static dynamometer (KgF) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Recordings were used to quantify and characterize fatigability of the reinnervated elbow flexor muscles compared with the uninjured contralateral side. RESULTS The mean peak force of elbow flexion was 7.88 KgF (sd 3.80) compared with 20.65 KgF (sd 6.88) on the contralateral side (p < 0.001). Reinnervated elbow flexor muscles (biceps brachialis) showed sEMG evidence of fatigue earlier than normal controls with sustained (60-second) isometric contraction. Reinnervated elbow flexor muscles also showed a trend towards a faster twitch muscle fibre type. CONCLUSION The assessment of motor outcomes must involve more than peak force alone. Reinnervated muscle shows a shift towards fast twitch fibres following reinnervation with an earlier onset of fatigue. Our findings suggest that fatigue is a clinically relevant characteristic of reinnervated muscle. Adoption of these metrics into clinical practice and the assessment of outcome could allow a more meaningful comparison to be made between differing forms of treatment and encourage advances in the management of motor recovery following nerve transfer. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:867-871.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilcox
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - H Brown
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - K Johnson
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - M Sinisi
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - T J Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
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266
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Ismail KM, Malak MZ, Alamer RM. Psychosocial correlates of work-related fatigue among Jordanian emergency department nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:486-493. [PMID: 30729538 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study purposed to assess the psychosocial correlates of work-related fatigue among Jordanian emergency department nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among Jordanian emergency nurses (n = 220). Measures included Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER15) and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version Two (COPSOQ II). FINDINGS The psychosocial factors correlated with all types of work-related fatigue (acute, chronic, and inter-shift [recovery]) were quantitative demands, work-family conflict, sexual harassment, threats of violence, physical violence, and bullying. Importantly, quantitative demands and sexual harassment were the main predictors of all types of work-related fatigue. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The psychosocial correlated factors should be considered when developing interventions to minimize work-related fatigue phenomenon. This would lead to a more positive working environment which will promote safe nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoun M Ismail
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malakeh Z Malak
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasmieh M Alamer
- Department of Psychiatric Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.,Adjunct Fellow,, Western Sydney University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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267
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Effects of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (Yukmijihwang-tang) on Physical Fatigue by Regulating Neurotransmitters in Brain. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:839-844. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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268
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Haslinger S, Huber D, Morawetz D, Blank C, Prossegger J, Dünnwald T, Koller A, Fink C, Hartl A, Schobersberger W. Feasibility of Ski Mountaineering for Patients Following a Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Descriptive Field Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091582. [PMID: 31064129 PMCID: PMC6540216 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is socially relevant due to its high prevalence, high incidence and the affected population. A subpopulation of TKA patients exists that strives to be active and also return to sports after total joint replacement. In this context, a further group of TKA patients is interested in high-impact physical activities and want to proceed with such activities even after surgery. Focusing on winter sports, there is still a lack of evidence on whether ski mountaineering is feasible for this subgroup of patients. Therefore, this feasibility study examines the effects of moderate ski mountaineering on strength, balance, functional abilities and mental health in persons following a TKA. Methods: Eight patients (six males, two females; median age, 63 ± Interquartile range 9 years) with TKA were included in this study. The volunteers, who were pre-selected for a 7-day holiday in Sankt Johann (Tyrol, Austria), participated in five guided ski mountaineering tours. Statistical analyses of non-parametric longitudinal data were performed using analysis of variance. For gait parameters and the Feeling Scale, one-factor longitudinal models were used. Statistical significance was set at the level of p < 0.05. Results: A significant decrease in the S3-Check MFT stability index (p = 0.04), a significant increase in general well-being (p = 0.05), and a trend towards a decrease in general stress (p = 0.1) were detected, while all other parameters were unaffected. Conclusion: A 7-day recreational ski mountaineering holiday had no negative effects on ski-experienced patients with TKA and seemed to increase well-being. Further studies should focus on larger groups and use controlled designs. Additionally, long-term effects should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haslinger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Daniela Huber
- Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Salzburg University of Applied Science, 5412 Puch/Urstein, Austria.
| | - David Morawetz
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Cornelia Blank
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Johanna Prossegger
- Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Tobias Dünnwald
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Arnold Koller
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian Fink
- Gelenkpunkt-Sports and Joint Surgery, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury prevention, Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall, Austria.
| | - Arnulf Hartl
- Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall/Tirol & Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wei L, Wen YT, Lee MC, Ho HM, Huang CC, Hsu YJ. Effects of isolated soy protein and strength exercise training on exercise performance and biochemical profile in postpartum mice. Metabolism 2019; 94:18-27. [PMID: 30731100 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postpartum women are at an increased risk for obesity and metabolic diseases because of excessive weight gain during pregnancy and weight retention after delivery. Maintenance of good nutrition and regular physical activity is used as a therapeutic approach for promotion of health and well-being in postpartum women. The aim of this study is to assess the independent and additive effects of isolated soy protein (ISP) and strength exercise training (ET) on weight management, exercise performance and health maintenance in postpartum mice. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-two postpartum mice (ICR, 14-weeks old) were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): Group 1 mice were the sedentary control with vehicle (SC), Group 2 mice were the sedentary control with ISP supplementation (8.95 g·kg-1, SC + ISP), Group 3 mice received vehicle with exercise training (ET) and Group 4 mice received isolated soy protein with exercise training (ISP + ET). Animals in the ET and ISP + ET groups underwent strength exercise training for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time, as well as by changes in body composition and biochemical parameters at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Combined intervention of ISP and ET increased lean muscle mass and prevented body weight and fat elevation. The grip strength and exhaustive swimming time of the ISP + ET group were significantly higher than the other groups. The ISP + ET group showed significantly decreased serum levels of lactate, ammonia and creatinine phosphate kinase (CPK), and increased glucose level after the 15-min swimming test. The serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride (TG) and creatinine after sacrifice were significantly decreased in the ET + ISP group. ISP combined with ET promoted fat oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as evidenced from the increased utilization of plasma and BAT tissue triglyceride. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that long-term supplementation with ISP can have a wide spectrum of bioactivities on health promotion, performance improvement and fitness. ISP with ET conferred better energy utilization, improved biochemical profiles and may be an effective ergogenic aid in strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ting Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Ming Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
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270
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Walsh JA. The Rise of Elite Short-Course Triathlon Re-Emphasises the Necessity to Transition Efficiently from Cycling to Running. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050099. [PMID: 31035687 PMCID: PMC6571801 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitioning efficiently between cycling and running is considered an indication of overall performance, and as a result the cycle–run (C–R) transition is one of the most researched areas of triathlon. Previous studies have thoroughly investigated the impact of prior cycling on running performance. However, with the increasing number of short-course events and the inclusion of the mixed relay at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, efficiently transitioning from cycle–run has been re-emphasised and with it, any potential limitations to running performance among elite triathletes. This short communication provides coaches and sports scientists a review of the literature detailing the negative effects of prior variable-cycling on running performance experienced among elite, short-course and Olympic distance triathletes; as well as discussing practical methods to minimise any negative impact of cycling on running performance. The current literature suggests that variable-cycling negatively effects running ability in at least some elite triathletes and that improving swimming performance, drafting during cycling and C–R training at race intensity could improve an athlete’s triathlon running performance. It is recommended that future research clearly define the performance level, competitive format of the experimental population and use protocols that are specific to the experimental population in order to improve the training and practical application of the research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Walsh
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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271
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Pierce J, Hiebert JB, Mahoney D, Shen Q, Peltzer J, Rahman F, Johnson S, Pierce JT. Development of a point-of-contact technique to measure adenosine triphosphate: A quality improvement study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2019; 41:29-32. [PMID: 31011421 PMCID: PMC6462498 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) experience fatigue due to impaired myocardial bioenergetics. Cardiomyocyte function depends on the delivery of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), yet there is no convenient bedside method to measure ATP. The purpose of this study was to develop a point-of-contact measurement of ATP that can be used in a clinical setting. Methods In a laboratory setting, digital finger punctures were conducted using 5 μl and 10 μl of capillary blood placed into various amounts of water (H2O). After mixing the solution for 10 s, a Hygiena AquaSnapTM Free ATP probe was placed into the solution for 10 s for the detection of ATP. The probe was then placed into the Hygiena luminometer for 15 s, and a value in relative light units (RLU) was obtained. Results Test samples using 10 μl of blood diluted from 50 to 500 mls of H2O produced ATP readings of 10,000-7569 RLUs. Using 5 μl of blood in 375–900 ml of H2O decreased the ATP values to 6459-4189 RLUs. Dilutional volume sparing experiments were conducted with ATP standards to determine the concentration of ATP per RLUs. Conclusion Patients with HFpEF have increased metabolic demand and impaired myocardial bioenergetics. Thus, identifying a method to measure ATP that is quick and accurate is imperative to accurately assess cellular energy production in this population. Point-of-contact measures, such as ATP, are needed for precision-guided treatment. Data from this study provides the first step toward developing evidence for health policies related to managing fatigue. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required for almost all cells to produce energy. A point-of-contact instrument is needed in the clinical setting to measure ATP. To assess the symptom of fatigue, a measure of ATP is preferred. Using blood from a finger stick, an ATP measurement can be obtained in 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Pierce
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John B Hiebert
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Diane Mahoney
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jill Peltzer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Faith Rahman
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Samantha Johnson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John T Pierce
- University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing, Mail Stop 4043, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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272
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Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and Their Anti-Fatigue Effects in Mice. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010045. [PMID: 30583565 PMCID: PMC6337178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is unique for its extensive biological activities and pharmaceutical properties. There are few studies on walnut oligopeptides (WOPs), which are small molecule peptides extracted from walnuts. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of WOPs on ICR mice and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Mice were randomly divided into four experimental sets and each set of mice were then randomly divided into four groups. The vehicle group was administered distilled water, and the three WOP intervention groups were orally administered WOP solution at a dose of 110, 220, and 440 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. After 30 days of WOP intervention, the anti-fatigue activity of WOPs were evaluated using the weight-loaded swimming test and by measuring the change of biochemical parameters, glycogen storage and energy metabolism enzymes, anti-oxidative capacity and mitochondrial function. It was observed that WOPs could significantly prolong the swimming time, decrease the accumulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood lactic acid (BLA), and increased the glycogen storage of liver and gastrocnemius muscle. WOPs also markedly inhibited fatigue induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and decreasing the content malondialdehyde (MDA). Notably, WOPs improved the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Na+-K+-ATPase, and enhanced the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors and mitochondrial DNA content in skeletal muscles of mice. These results suggest that WOPs have beneficial anti-fatigue effects, which may be attributed to their positive effects on increasing glycogen storage, improving energy metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, and ameliorating the cell damage and the muscular injury.
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273
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Haslinger S, Blank C, Morawetz D, Koller A, Dünnwald T, Berger S, Schlickum N, Schobersberger W. Effects of Recreational Ski Mountaineering on Cumulative Muscle Fatigue - A Longitudinal Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1687. [PMID: 30542295 PMCID: PMC6277900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport is known to have many positive effects on mental and physical health. High-intensity exercise is considered to decrease muscle strength and induce muscle fatigue, which is associated with a higher risk of injury. In recreational alpine skiers, a decrease of eccentric peak hamstring torque, as an indication of muscle fatigue, occurs even after 1 day of skiing. The popularity of ski mountaineering is increasing enormously, but no studies are available on its effects on muscle strength. Therefore, the present study examined the consequences of ski mountaineering on muscle fatigue of the concentric/eccentric quadriceps and/or hamstrings. In addition, a possible role of myofascial foam rolling in reducing muscle fatigue was evaluated. Fifty recreational ski mountaineers (27 males, 23 females) completed five consecutive tours of ski mountaineering within 1 week. After each day of skiing, participants underwent an isokinetic muscle test assessing the concentric and eccentric muscle strength of both thighs. One group completed an additional session of myofascial foam rolling. Right and left concentric quadriceps peak torque, left hamstrings peak torque, left eccentric quadriceps peak torque, as well as right and left hamstring peak torque, were reduced after a single day of ski mountaineering (p ≤ 0.016 for all). However, no cumulative muscle fatigue was detected and we could not demonstrate any effect of myofascial foam rolling. The results show conclusively that a single day of ski mountaineering leads to a significant decrease of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring strength. Therefore, in order to improve muscle strength for the ski mountaineering season, a physical training program including concentric and eccentric methods can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haslinger
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Tirol, Austria
| | - Cornelia Blank
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria
| | - David Morawetz
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria
| | - Arnold Koller
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Tirol, Austria
| | - Tobias Dünnwald
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria
| | - Sarah Berger
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria
| | - Nico Schlickum
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- 1Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Tirol, Austria
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274
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Supplementation with Beef Extract Improves Exercise Performance and Reduces Post-Exercise Fatigue Independent of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111740. [PMID: 30424538 PMCID: PMC6266735 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef extract (BE) is a nutritional supplement obtained by cooking beef meat. Compared with traditional chicken essence or clam extract, BE is cheaper to produce and may be used for wound healing, as a chemotherapy supplement, or to prevent fatigue. In this study, we evaluated the potential beneficial effects of BE on exercise performance and the related role of the gut microbiota. Pathogen-free male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups to receive vehicle or BE (0, 12.3, or 24.6 mL/kg) by oral gavage for 28 days. Exercise performance was evaluated using forelimb grip strength, swimming time to exhaustion, and physiological levels of fatigue-related biomarkers (serum lactate, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose levels) after physical challenges. BE supplementation elevated endurance and grip strength in a dose-dependent manner; significantly decreased lactate and blood urea nitrogen levels after physical challenge; and significantly increased muscle glycogen content. The germ-free mice supplemented with BE or an equal-calorie portion of albumin did not show significant differences from the other groups in exercise performance and levels of related biomarkers. Therefore, BE supplementation improved endurance and reduced fatigue, which might be related to BE composition, but had no correlation with the gut microbiota.
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275
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Wyszyński S, Stiler S. Assessment of the influence of ischemic compression and clavitherapy on compression pain threshold measured on the lumbar spine rectifier muscle. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The British physician, Balfour, at the beginning of the nineteenth century was one of the first to describe thickened nodules and bumps in tissue, which could be painful under pressure. This pressure often also caused pain in other distant parts of the body. The above characteristics perfectly reflected what is now referred to as the trigger point. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ischemic compression using clavitherapy on the level of compression pain threshold measured with an algometer on the muscle of the lumbar region spine extender. The following research questions were posed: Materials and methods. The research involved 40 patients with pain in the paraspinal muscles who were attending the Physio-Wysz Rehabilitation Center. In each subject, pain threshold was assessed using an algometer, 5 points before and after therapy. Each subject was then subjected to ischemic compression for each of the 5 points. The obtained results were entered into an Excel™ database and then analyzed using the Statistica program. Results. The mean value of the pain threshold for the L1 point before therapy was 114.4 ±17.22 N/cm2 and for P1 was 113.24±18.85 N/cm2. Immediately after therapy, the compression pain threshold decreased to 84.15±10.79 N/cm2 and 84.89 ±10.11 N/cm2 for the L1 and P1 points, respectively. Conclusions. There was a reduction in the mean compression pain threshold immediately after clavicle therapy. There were no significant differences when measuring the pressure pain threshold after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Wyszyński
- Doctoral Studies, Department of Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
| | - Sylwia Stiler
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia in Katowice
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276
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Huang WC, Huang HY, Hsu YJ, Su WH, Shen SY, Lee MC, Lin CL, Huang CC. The Effects of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide on Physiological Adaption and Exercise Performance Improvement. Nutrients 2018; 10:E851. [PMID: 29966293 PMCID: PMC6073388 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine, named as vitamin B1, is an important cofactor for the critical enzymes regarding to glucose metabolism, like transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) is a derivative of thiamine with higher bioavailability and solubility than thiamine and has been widely applied to health maintenance and disease therapy. Higher physical activities are associated with higher thiamine supplements for efficient energy metabolism. Furthermore, the effective dose of TTFD, beneficial to exercise physiological adaption and performance, still be further validated and the safety evaluation were also an important issue to be considered for potential application. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) strain mice were allocated as 0, 50, 100, and 500 mg/kg dose groups and administrated by oral gavage consecutively for 6 weeks. Physical activities including grip strength and aerobic endurance were measured. Various fatigue-associated biochemical variables such as lactate, glucose, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) or creatine kinase (CK), were also assessed. The levels of liver and muscle glycogen were measured as an indicator of energy storage at the end of the experiment. Toxicity assessments for long-term supplementation were also further evaluated for safety consideration. TTFD supplementation significantly increased the endurance and grip strength and demonstrated beneficial effects on lactate production and clearance rate after an acute exercise challenge. The TTFD supplementation significantly mitigated the BUN and CK indexes after extended exercise and elevated the glycogen content in the liver and muscle tissues. According to body composition, biochemical and histopathological data, daily administration of TTFD for over 6 weeks (subacute toxicity) also demonstrated reasonable safety results for long-term and adequate supplementation. The toxicity of TTFD were also considered as safety for long-term supplementation with indicated doses. Furthermore, the TTDF could be applied to not only the health promotion but also improvement of exercise physiological adaption and the TTFD could be further considered as potential ergogenic aids combined with different nutrient strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Hsiung Su
- Prince Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., New Taipei 24141, Taiwan.
| | - Sih-Yu Shen
- Prince Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., New Taipei 24141, Taiwan.
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
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277
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Hedayatpour N, Izanloo Z, Falla D. The effect of eccentric exercise and delayed onset muscle soreness on the homologous muscle of the contralateral limb. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 41:154-159. [PMID: 29902705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High intensity eccentric exercise induces muscle fiber damage and associated delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) resulting in an impaired ability of the muscle to generate voluntary force. This study investigates the extent to which DOMS, induced by high intensity eccentric exercise, can affect the activation and performance of the non-exercised homologous muscle of the contralateral limb. Healthy volunteers performed maximal voluntary contractions of knee extension and sustained isometric knee extension at 50% of maximal force until task failure on both the ipsilateral exercised limb and the contralateral limb. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the ipsilateral and contralateral knee extensor muscles (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis). Maximal isometric knee extension force (13.7% reduction) and time to task failure (38.1% reduction) of the contralateral non-exercised leg decreased immediately after eccentric exercise, and persisted 24 h and 48 h later (p < 0.05). Moreover, the amplitude of muscle activity recorded from the contralateral knee extensor muscles was significantly lower during the post exercise maximal and submaximal contractions following high intensity eccentric exercise of the opposite limb (p < 0.05). Unilateral high intensity eccentric exercise of the quadriceps can contribute to reduced neuromuscular activity and physical work capacity of the non-exercised homologous muscle in the contralateral limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosratollah Hedayatpour
- Center for Biomechanics and Motor Control (BMC), Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Zahra Izanloo
- Center for Biomechanics and Motor Control (BMC), Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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278
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Muscle Damage and Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050552. [PMID: 29710835 PMCID: PMC5986432 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation not only helps in improving and maintaining performance in sports and exercise, but also contributes in reducing exercise fatigue and in recovery from exhaustion. Fish oil contains large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). It is widely known that omega-3 fatty acids are effective for improving cardiac function, depression, cognitive function, and blood as well as lowering blood pressure. In the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and exercise performance, previous studies have been predicted improved endurance performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, and effectivity against delayed-onset muscle soreness. However, the optimal dose, duration, and timing remain unclear. This review focuses on the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on muscle damage and function as evaluated by human and animal studies and summarizes its effects on muscle and nerve damage, and muscle mass and strength.
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279
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Barciela Veras A, Barbosa Rocha N, Budde H, Machado S. An Overview of the Clinical Uses, Pharmacology, and Safety of Modafinil. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:151-158. [PMID: 29115823 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modafinil (MOD) is a wakefulness-inducing compound prescribed for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness as a consequence of sleep disturbances such as shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or narcolepsy. While providing effective results in patients with sleepiness, MOD also produces positive outcomes in the management of fatigue associated with different conditions including depression, cancer, or tiredness in military personnel. Although there is clear evidence of the stimulant effects of MOD, current data also show that administration of this drug apparently induces positive neurobiological effects, such as improvement in memory. However, serious concerns have been raised since some reports have suggested MOD dependence. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to characterize the changes induced by MOD which have been observed in several neurobiological functions. Moreover, further work should follow up on the likely long-term effects of this drug if used for treatment of drowsiness and tiredness. Here, we review and summarize recent findings of the medical uses of MOD in the management of sleepiness and fatigue associated with depression or cancer as well as exhaustion in military personnel. We also discuss the available literature related with the cognitive enhancing properties of this stimulant, as well as what is known and unknown about MOD addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio
de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina División
Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Grupo
de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias
de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em
Saúde Mental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso del Sur 79117-900, Brazil
- Panic
and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Faculty
of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Physical
Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH),
Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas 44221, Lithuania
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Panic
and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Physical
Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate
Program-Salgado de Oliveira University, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói 24030-060, Brazil
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