251
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have established that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain quiescent in homeostatic conditions, and minimally contribute to haematopoietic homeostasis. However, they undergo extensive cell cycle and expansion upon bone marrow transplantation or haematopoietic injury to reestablish the haematopoietic system. Molecular basis for the HSC activation and expansion is not completely understood. Here, we review the recent study elucidating the role of the developmentally critical Ets transcription factor Etv2 in reestablishing haematopoietic system upon injury through promoting HSC regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS We recently demonstrated that the ETS transcription factor Etv2, a critical factor for haematopoietic and vascular development, is also required for haematopoietic regeneration. Etv2, which is silent in homeostatic HSCs, was transiently activated in regenerating HSPCs and was required for the HSC expansion and regeneration following bone marrow transplantation or haematopoietic injury. As such, while Etv2 is dispensable for maintaining HSCs in steady states, it is required for emergency haematopoiesis. SUMMARY Etv2 has been identified as a novel regulator of haematopoietic regeneration. Comprehensive understanding of the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of Etv2 in haematopoietic regeneration would be critical for fundamental understanding of haematopoietic stem cell biology, and the findings will be broadly applicable to clinical practice involving haematopoietic regenerative medicine; bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy and in-vitro HSC expansion.
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252
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Kalamakis G, Brüne D, Ravichandran S, Bolz J, Fan W, Ziebell F, Stiehl T, Catalá-Martinez F, Kupke J, Zhao S, Llorens-Bobadilla E, Bauer K, Limpert S, Berger B, Christen U, Schmezer P, Mallm JP, Berninger B, Anders S, Del Sol A, Marciniak-Czochra A, Martin-Villalba A. Quiescence Modulates Stem Cell Maintenance and Regenerative Capacity in the Aging Brain. Cell 2019; 176:1407-1419.e14. [PMID: 30827680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of somatic stem cells declines with age. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of this decline is key to counteract age-related disease. Here, we report a dramatic drop in the neural stem cells (NSCs) number in the aging murine brain. We find that this smaller stem cell reservoir is protected from full depletion by an increase in quiescence that makes old NSCs more resistant to regenerate the injured brain. Once activated, however, young and old NSCs show similar proliferation and differentiation capacity. Single-cell transcriptomics of NSCs indicate that aging changes NSCs minimally. In the aging brain, niche-derived inflammatory signals and the Wnt antagonist sFRP5 induce quiescence. Indeed, intervention to neutralize them increases activation of old NSCs during homeostasis and following injury. Our study identifies quiescence as a key feature of old NSCs imposed by the niche and uncovers ways to activate NSCs to repair the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalamakis
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Brüne
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Srikanth Ravichandran
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Bolz
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik Ziebell
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Janina Kupke
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Bauer
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Limpert
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Berger
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Urs Christen
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/ZAFES, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Mallm
- Division Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Single-cell Open Lab, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon Anders
- Center for Molecular Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Luxembourg; CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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253
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Sommerkamp P, Renders S, Ladel L, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Schönberger K, Zeisberger P, Przybylla A, Sohn M, Zhou Y, Klibanski A, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Trumpp A. The long non-coding RNA Meg3 is dispensable for hematopoietic stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2110. [PMID: 30765776 PMCID: PMC6375991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Maternally Expressed Gene 3 (Meg3) is encoded within the imprinted Dlk1-Meg3 gene locus and is only maternally expressed. Meg3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and functions as a tumor suppressor in numerous tissues. Meg3 is highly expressed in mouse adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and strongly down-regulated in early progenitors. To address its functional role in HSCs, we used MxCre to conditionally delete Meg3 in the adult bone marrow of Meg3mat-flox/pat-wt mice. We performed extensive in vitro and in vivo analyses of mice carrying a Meg3 deficient blood system, but neither observed impaired hematopoiesis during homeostatic conditions nor upon serial transplantation. Furthermore, we analyzed VavCre Meg3mat-flox/pat-wt mice, in which Meg3 was deleted in the embryonic hematopoietic system and unexpectedly this did neither generate any hematopoietic defects. In response to interferon-mediated stimulation, Meg3 deficient adult HSCs responded highly similar compared to controls. Taken together, we report the finding, that the highly expressed imprinted lncRNA Meg3 is dispensable for the function of HSCs during homeostasis and in response to stress mediators as well as for serial reconstitution of the blood system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Sommerkamp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Core Facility Omics IT and Data Management, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Zeisberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Sohn
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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254
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PHF6 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and its loss synergizes with expression of TLX3 to cause leukemia. Blood 2019; 133:1729-1741. [PMID: 30755422 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-860726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatically acquired mutations in PHF6 (plant homeodomain finger 6) frequently occur in hematopoietic malignancies and often coincide with ectopic expression of TLX3. However, there is no functional evidence to demonstrate whether these mutations contribute to tumorigenesis. Similarly, the role of PHF6 in hematopoiesis is unknown. We report here that Phf6 deletion in mice resulted in a reduced number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), an increased number of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and an increased proportion of cycling stem and progenitor cells. Loss of PHF6 caused increased and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in serial transplantation experiments. Interferon-stimulated gene expression was upregulated in the absence of PHF6 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells and cycling hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were restored to normal by combined loss of PHF6 and the interferon α and β receptor subunit 1. Ectopic expression of TLX3 alone caused partially penetrant leukemia. TLX3 expression and loss of PHF6 combined caused fully penetrant early-onset leukemia. Our data suggest that PHF6 is a hematopoietic tumor suppressor and is important for fine-tuning hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis.
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255
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Soukup AA, Zheng Y, Mehta C, Wu J, Liu P, Cao M, Hofmann I, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Johnson KD, Choi K, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Single-nucleotide human disease mutation inactivates a blood-regenerative GATA2 enhancer. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1180-1192. [PMID: 30620726 DOI: 10.1172/jci122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of stem and progenitor cells that produce blood cells are vital in physiology. GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2) mutations cause GATA-2 deficiency syndrome involving immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. GATA-2 physiological activities necessitate that it be strictly regulated, and cell type-specific enhancers fulfill this role. The +9.5 intronic enhancer harbors multiple conserved cis-elements, and germline mutations of these cis-elements are pathogenic in humans. Since mechanisms underlying how GATA2 enhancer disease mutations impact hematopoiesis and pathology are unclear, we generated mouse models of the enhancer mutations. While a multi-motif mutant was embryonically lethal, a single-nucleotide Ets motif mutant was viable, and steady-state hematopoiesis was normal. However, the Ets motif mutation abrogated stem/progenitor cell regeneration following stress. These results reveal a new mechanism in human genetics, in which a disease predisposition mutation inactivates enhancer regenerative activity, while sparing developmental activity. Mutational sensitization to stress that instigates hematopoietic failure constitutes a paradigm for GATA-2 deficiency syndrome and other contexts of GATA-2-dependent pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Soukup
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Ye Zheng
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charu Mehta
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Jun Wu
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Miao Cao
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Inga Hofmann
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Yun Zhou
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kirby D Johnson
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, and
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256
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Govindarajah V, Reynaud D. Tuning of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment in its Inflammatory Environment. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019; 4:189-200. [PMID: 30705804 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is the cornerstone of a lifelong blood cell production but also contributes to the ability of the hematopoietic system to dynamically respond to environmental challenges. This review summarizes our knowledge about the interaction between HSCs and its inflammatory environment during life and questions how its disruption could affect the health of the hematopoietic system. Recent findings The latest research demonstrates the direct role of inflammatory signals in promoting the emergence of the HSCs during development and in setting their steady-state activity in adults. They indicate that inflammatory patho-physiological conditions or immunological history could shape the structure and biology of the HSC compartment, therefore altering its overall fitness. Summary Through instructive and/or selective mechanisms, the inflammatory environment seems to provide a key homeostatic signal for HSCs. Although the mechanistic basis of this complex interplay remains to be fully understood, its dysregulation has broad consequences on HSC physiology and the development of hematological diseases. As such, developing experimental models that fully recapitulate a normal basal inflammatory state could be essential to fully assess HSC biology in native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Govindarajah
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Damien Reynaud
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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257
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Zha J, Kunselman L, Fan JM, Olson TS. Bone marrow niches of germline FANCC/FANCG deficient mice enable efficient and durable engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells after transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:e284-e287. [PMID: 30679321 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zha
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Lori Kunselman
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Jian-Meng Fan
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia .,Blood and Marrow Transplant Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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258
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Mineyeva OA, Bezriadnov DV, Kedrov AV, Lazutkin AA, Anokhin KV, Enikolopov GN. Radiation Induces Distinct Changes in Defined Subpopulations of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1013. [PMID: 30686979 PMCID: PMC6333747 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While irradiation can effectively treat brain tumors, this therapy also causes cognitive impairments, some of which may stem from the disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis. To study how radiation affects neurogenesis, we combine phenotyping of subpopulations of hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells with double- and triple S-phase labeling paradigms. Using this approach, we reveal new features of division, survival, and differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells after exposure to gamma radiation. We show that dividing neural stem cells, while susceptible to damage induced by gamma rays, are less vulnerable than their rapidly amplifying progeny. We also show that dividing stem and progenitor cells that survive irradiation are suppressed in their ability to replicate 0.5–1 day after the radiation exposure. Suppression of division is also observed for cells that entered the cell cycle after irradiation or were not in the S phase at the time of exposure. Determining the longer term effects of irradiation, we found that 2 months after exposure, radiation-induced suppression of division is partially relieved for both stem and progenitor cells, without evidence for compensatory symmetric divisions as a means to restore the normal level of neurogenesis. By that time, most mature young neurons, born 2–4 weeks after the irradiation, still bear the consequences of radiation exposure, unlike younger neurons undergoing early stages of differentiation without overt signs of deficient maturation. Later, 6 months after an exposure to 5 Gy, cell proliferation and neurogenesis are further impaired, though neural stem cells are still available in the niche, and their pool is preserved. Our results indicate that various subpopulations of stem and progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus have different susceptibility to gamma radiation, and that neurogenesis, even after a temporary restoration, is impaired in the long term after exposure to gamma rays. Our study provides a framework for investigating critical issues of neural stem cell maintenance, aging, interaction with their microenvironment, and post-irradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mineyeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V Bezriadnov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kedrov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Lazutkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Anokhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigori N Enikolopov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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259
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Chen Z, Amro EM, Becker F, Hölzer M, Rasa SMM, Njeru SN, Han B, Di Sanzo S, Chen Y, Tang D, Tao S, Haenold R, Groth M, Romanov VS, Kirkpatrick JM, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Marz M, Ori A, Neri F, Morita Y, Rudolph KL. Cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in aging and inflammation. J Exp Med 2019; 216:152-175. [PMID: 30530755 PMCID: PMC6314529 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organism aging is characterized by increased inflammation and decreased stem cell function, yet the relationship between these factors remains incompletely understood. This study shows that aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit increased ground-stage NF-κB activity, which enhances their responsiveness to undergo differentiation and loss of self-renewal in response to inflammation. The study identifies Rad21/cohesin as a critical mediator of NF-κB signaling, which increases chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of NF-κB target genes in response to inflammation. Rad21 is required for normal differentiation, but limits self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during aging and inflammation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. HSCs from aged mice fail to down-regulate Rad21/cohesin and inflammation/differentiation signals in the resolution phase of inflammation. Inhibition of cohesin/NF-κB reverts hypersensitivity of aged HSPCs to inflammation-induced differentiation and myeloid-biased HSCs with disrupted/reduced expression of Rad21/cohesin are increasingly selected during aging. Together, Rad21/cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits HSPC function during aging and selects for cohesin-deficient HSCs with myeloid-skewed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elias Moris Amro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Becker
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Bing Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yulin Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Haenold
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Vasily S Romanov
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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260
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Zhang YW, Cabezas-Wallscheid N. Assessment of Young and Aged Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activity by Competitive Serial Transplantation Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2017:193-203. [PMID: 31197778 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9574-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are capable to self-renew and reconstitute the complete hematopoietic system. Upon aging, there is an increased incidence of blood-related diseases. Age-related phenotypes have been widely studied by bone marrow transplantation experiments, where reconstitution of the transplanted cells is a direct measure of HSC activity. In this protocol we describe a competitive bone marrow transplantation assay to functionally test young and old HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
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261
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Jurecic R. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:195-211. [PMID: 31487025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain lifelong production of mature blood cells and regenerate the hematopoietic system after cytotoxic injury. Use of expanding cell surface marker panels and advanced functional analyses have revealed the presence of several immunophenotypically different HSC subsets with distinct self-renewal and repopulating capacity and bias toward selective lineage differentiation. This chapter summarizes current understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within the HSC pool, with emphasis on the immunophenotypes and functional features of several known HSC subsets, and their roles in steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis, and in aging. The chapter also highlights some of the future research directions to elucidate further the biology and function of different HSC subsets in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jurecic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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262
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Zhang W, Wang G, Liang A. DNA Damage Response in Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:147-171. [PMID: 31338819 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adopt unique responsive pathways counteracting with the DNA-damaging assaults to weigh the balance between the maintenance of normal stem cell poor for whole-life blood regeneration and the transformation to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) for leukemia initiation. LSCs also take actions of combating with the attack launched by externally therapeutic drugs that can kill most leukemic cells, to avoid extermination and promote disease relapse. Therefore, the collection of knowledge about all these underlined mechanisms would present a preponderance for later studies. In this chapter, the universal DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms were firstly introduced, and then DDR of HSCs were presented focusing on the DNA double-strand breaks in the quiescent state of HSCs, which poses a big advantage in promoting its transformation into preleukemic HSCs. Lastly, the DDR of LSCs were summarized based on the major outcomes triggered by different pathways in specific leukemia, upon which some aspects for future investigations were envisioned under our currently limited scope of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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263
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Modulation of Myelopoiesis Progenitors Is an Integral Component of Trained Immunity. Cell 2018; 172:147-161.e12. [PMID: 29328910 PMCID: PMC5766828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity fosters a sustained favorable response of myeloid cells to a secondary challenge, despite their short lifespan in circulation. We thus hypothesized that trained immunity acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Administration of β-glucan (prototypical trained-immunity-inducing agonist) to mice induced expansion of progenitors of the myeloid lineage, which was associated with elevated signaling by innate immune mediators, such as IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with adaptations in glucose metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. The trained-immunity-related increase in myelopoiesis resulted in a beneficial response to secondary LPS challenge and protection from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Therefore, modulation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow is an integral component of trained immunity, which to date, was considered to involve functional changes of mature myeloid cells in the periphery. Trained immunity (TI) modulates hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow TI is associated with adaptations in cell metabolism in progenitors TI increases expansion of hematopoietic progenitors and myelopoiesis TI promotes beneficial responses to systemic inflammation and chemotherapy
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264
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Wendorff AA, Quinn SA, Rashkovan M, Madubata CJ, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Litzow MR, Tallman MS, Paietta E, Paganin M, Basso G, Gastier-Foster JM, Loh ML, Rabadan R, Van Vlierberghe P, Ferrando AA. Phf6 Loss Enhances HSC Self-Renewal Driving Tumor Initiation and Leukemia Stem Cell Activity in T-ALL. Cancer Discov 2018; 9:436-451. [PMID: 30567843 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant homeodomain 6 gene (PHF6) is frequently mutated in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL); however, its specific functional role in leukemia development remains to be established. Here, we show that loss of PHF6 is an early mutational event in leukemia transformation. Mechanistically, genetic inactivation of Phf6 in the hematopoietic system enhances hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) long-term self-renewal and hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy by rendering Phf6 knockout HSCs more quiescent and less prone to stress-induced activation. Consistent with a leukemia-initiating tumor suppressor role, inactivation of Phf6 in hematopoietic progenitors lowers the threshold for the development of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL. Moreover, loss of Phf6 in leukemia lymphoblasts activates a leukemia stem cell transcriptional program and drives enhanced T-ALL leukemia-initiating cell activity. These results implicate Phf6 in the control of HSC homeostasis and long-term self-renewal and support a role for PHF6 loss as a driver of leukemia-initiating cell activity in T-ALL. SIGNIFICANCE: Phf6 controls HSC homeostasis, leukemia initiation, and T-ALL leukemia-initiating cell self-renewal. These results substantiate a role for PHF6 mutations as early events and drivers of leukemia stem cell activity in the pathogenesis of T-ALL.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 305.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Aidan Quinn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Marissa Rashkovan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chioma J Madubata
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Maddalena Paganin
- Onco-Hematology Division, Department, Salute della Donna e del Bambino (SDB), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Onco-Hematology Division, Department, Salute della Donna e del Bambino (SDB), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (HMG), Turin, Italy
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Children's Oncology Group, Arcadia, California
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York. .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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265
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Richman J, Dowsett M. Beyond 5 years: enduring risk of recurrence in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2018; 16:296-311. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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266
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Epigenetic Erosion in Adult Stem Cells: Drivers and Passengers of Aging. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120237. [PMID: 30501028 PMCID: PMC6316114 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In complex organisms, stem cells are key for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Adult stem cells replenish continuously dividing tissues of the epithelial and connective types, whereas in non-growing muscle and nervous tissues, they are mainly activated upon injury or stress. In addition to replacing deteriorated cells, adult stem cells have to prevent their exhaustion by self-renewal. There is mounting evidence that both differentiation and self-renewal are impaired upon aging, leading to tissue degeneration and functional decline. Understanding the molecular pathways that become deregulate in old stem cells is crucial to counteract aging-associated tissue impairment. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic mechanisms governing the transition between quiescent and active states, as well as the decision between self-renewal and differentiation in three different stem cell types, i.e., spermatogonial stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and muscle stem cells. We discuss the epigenetic events that channel stem cell fate decisions, how this epigenetic regulation is altered with age, and how this can lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Finally, we provide short prospects of strategies to preserve stem cell function and thus promote healthy aging.
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267
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Lomova A, Clark DN, Campo-Fernandez B, Flores-Bjurström C, Kaufman ML, Fitz-Gibbon S, Wang X, Miyahira EY, Brown D, DeWitt MA, Corn JE, Hollis RP, Romero Z, Kohn DB. Improving Gene Editing Outcomes in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells by Temporal Control of DNA Repair. Stem Cells 2018; 37:284-294. [PMID: 30372555 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas9)-mediated gene editing of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) is a promising strategy for the treatment of genetic blood diseases through site-specific correction of identified causal mutations. However, clinical translation is hindered by low ratio of precise gene modification using the corrective donor template (homology-directed repair, HDR) to gene disruption (nonhomologous end joining, NHEJ) in hHSCs. By using a modified version of Cas9 with reduced nuclease activity in G1 phase of cell cycle when HDR cannot occur, and transiently increasing the proportion of cells in HDR-preferred phases (S/G2), we achieved a four-fold improvement in HDR/NHEJ ratio over the control condition in vitro, and a significant improvement after xenotransplantation of edited hHSCs into immunodeficient mice. This strategy for improving gene editing outcomes in hHSCs has important implications for the field of gene therapy, and can be applied to diseases where increased HDR/NHEJ ratio is critical for therapeutic success. Stem Cells 2019;37:284-294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lomova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danielle N Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beatriz Campo-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carmen Flores-Bjurström
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael L Kaufman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sorel Fitz-Gibbon
- Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Miyahira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Devin Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark A DeWitt
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Roger P Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zulema Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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268
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Domenech C, Maillard L, Rousseau A, Guidez F, Petit L, Pla M, Clay D, Guimiot F, Sanfilippo S, Jacques S, de la Grange P, Robil N, Soulier J, Souyri M. Studies in an Early Development Window Unveils a Severe HSC Defect in both Murine and Human Fanconi Anemia. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1075-1091. [PMID: 30449320 PMCID: PMC6234961 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) causes bone marrow failure early during childhood, and recent studies indicate that a hematopoietic defect could begin in utero. We performed a unique kinetics study of hematopoiesis in Fancg-/- mouse embryos, between the early embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to E12.5 developmental window (when the highest level of hematopoietic stem cells [HSC] amplification takes place) and E14.5. This study reveals a deep HSC defect with exhaustion of proliferative and self-renewal capacities very early during development, together with severe FA clinical and biological manifestations, which are mitigated at E14.5 due to compensatory mechanisms that help to ensure survival of Fancg-/- embryos. It also reports that a deep HSC defect is also observed during human FA development, and that human FA fetal liver (FL) HSCs present a transcriptome profile similar to that of mouse E12.5 Fancg-/- FL HSCs. Altogether, our results highlight that early mouse FL could represent a good alternative model for studying Fanconi pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Domenech
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Maillard
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alix Rousseau
- IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marika Pla
- INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Denis Clay
- INSERM U972, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France; Plateforme de cytométrie, UMS33, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Service de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sanfilippo
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean Soulier
- IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Souyri
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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269
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Riahi Y, Israeli T, Yeroslaviz R, Chimenez S, Avrahami D, Stolovich-Rain M, Alter I, Sebag M, Polin N, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Dor Y, Cerasi E, Leibowitz G. Inhibition of mTORC1 by ER stress impairs neonatal β-cell expansion and predisposes to diabetes in the Akita mouse. eLife 2018; 7:e38472. [PMID: 30412050 PMCID: PMC6294551 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved ER stress followed by cell death is recognized as the main cause of a multitude of pathologies including neonatal diabetes. A systematic analysis of the mechanisms of β-cell loss and dysfunction in Akita mice, in which a mutation in the proinsulin gene causes a severe form of permanent neonatal diabetes, showed no increase in β-cell apoptosis throughout life. Surprisingly, we found that the main mechanism leading to β-cell dysfunction is marked impairment of β-cell growth during the early postnatal life due to transient inhibition of mTORC1, which governs postnatal β-cell growth and differentiation. Importantly, restoration of mTORC1 activity in neonate β-cells was sufficient to rescue postnatal β-cell growth, and to improve diabetes. We propose a scenario for the development of permanent neonatal diabetes, possibly also common forms of diabetes, where early-life events inducing ER stress affect β-cell mass expansion due to mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Riahi
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tal Israeli
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Roni Yeroslaviz
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shoshana Chimenez
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Dana Avrahami
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ido Alter
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Marina Sebag
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nava Polin
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Erol Cerasi
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- The Endocrine Service, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical SchoolThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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270
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Bonora M, Ito K, Morganti C, Pinton P, Ito K. Membrane-potential compensation reveals mitochondrial volume expansion during HSC commitment. Exp Hematol 2018; 68:30-37.e1. [PMID: 30395909 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of mitochondrial function is a key factor in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mitochondrial content is commonly measured by staining with fluorescent cationic dyes. However, dye staining can be affected, not only by xenobiotic efflux pumps, but also by dye intake, which is dependent on the negative charge of mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt) must be considered in these measurements because a high ΔΨmt due to respiratory chain activity can enhance dye intake, leading to the overestimation of mitochondrial volume. Here, we show that HSCs exhibit the highest ΔΨmt of the hematopoietic lineages and, as a result, ΔΨmt-independent methods most accurately assess the relatively low mitochondrial volumes and DNA amounts of HSC mitochondria. Multipotent progenitor stage or active HSCs display expanded mitochondrial volumes, which decline again with further maturation. Further characterization of the controlled remodeling of the mitochondrial landscape at each hematopoietic stage will contribute to a deeper understanding of the mitochondrial role in HSC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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271
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Fu NY, Pal B, Chen Y, Jackling FC, Milevskiy M, Vaillant F, Capaldo BD, Guo F, Liu KH, Rios AC, Lim N, Kueh AJ, Virshup DM, Herold MJ, Tucker HO, Smyth GK, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE. Foxp1 Is Indispensable for Ductal Morphogenesis and Controls the Exit of Mammary Stem Cells from Quiescence. Dev Cell 2018; 47:629-644.e8. [PMID: 30523786 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived quiescent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) are presumed to coordinate the dramatic expansion of ductal epithelium that occurs through the different phases of postnatal development, but little is known about the molecular regulators that underpin their activation. We show that ablation of the transcription factor Foxp1 in the mammary gland profoundly impairs ductal morphogenesis, resulting in a rudimentary tree throughout life. Foxp1-deficient glands were highly enriched for quiescent Tspan8hi MaSCs, which failed to become activated even in competitive transplantation assays, thus highlighting a cell-intrinsic defect. Foxp1 deletion also resulted in aberrant expression of basal genes in luminal cells, inferring a role in cell-fate decisions. Notably, Foxp1 was uncovered as a direct repressor of Tspan8 in basal cells, and deletion of Tspan8 rescued the defects in ductal morphogenesis elicited by Foxp1 loss. Thus, a single transcriptional regulator Foxp1 can control the exit of MaSCs from dormancy to orchestrate differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Yang Fu
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yunshun Chen
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Felicity C Jackling
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Milevskiy
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kevin H Liu
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anne C Rios
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David M Virshup
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Marco J Herold
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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272
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Balcerek J, Jiang J, Li Y, Jiang Q, Holdreith N, Singh B, Chandra V, Lv K, Ren JG, Rozenova K, Li W, Greenberg RA, Tong W. Lnk/Sh2b3 deficiency restores hematopoietic stem cell function and genome integrity in Fancd2 deficient Fanconi anemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3915. [PMID: 30254368 PMCID: PMC6156422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome that arises from mutations in a network of FA genes essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and replication stress tolerance. While allogeneic stem cell transplantation can replace defective HSCs, interventions to mitigate HSC defects in FA do not exist. Remarkably, we reveal here that Lnk (Sh2b3) deficiency restores HSC function in Fancd2−/− mice. Lnk deficiency does not impact ICL repair, but instead stabilizes stalled replication forks in a manner, in part, dependent upon alleviating blocks to cytokine−mediated JAK2 signaling. Lnk deficiency restores proliferation and survival of Fancd2−/− HSCs, while reducing replication stress and genomic instability. Furthermore, deletion of LNK in human FA-like HSCs promotes clonogenic growth. These findings highlight a new role for cytokine/JAK signaling in promoting replication fork stability, illuminate replication stress as a major underlying origin of BMF in FA, and have strong therapeutic implications. Loss of Fancd2 leads to replication stress intolerance and Fanconi Anemia, where haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is compromised. Here, the authors show that Lnk/Sh2b3 loss restores HSC proliferation and survival in Fancd2 knockout mice and ameliorates replication stress in a cytokine/JAK2 signaling dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Balcerek
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Holdreith
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brijendra Singh
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vemika Chandra
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Gang Ren
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Krasimira Rozenova
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Cancer Research Institute and Basser Center for BRCA, and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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273
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Florian MC, Klose M, Sacma M, Jablanovic J, Knudson L, Nattamai KJ, Marka G, Vollmer A, Soller K, Sakk V, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Zheng Y, Mulaw MA, Glauche I, Geiger H. Aging alters the epigenetic asymmetry of HSC division. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003389. [PMID: 30235201 PMCID: PMC6168157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation to maintain homeostasis. With aging, the frequency of polar HSCs decreases. Cell polarity in HSCs is controlled by the activity of the small RhoGTPase cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). Here we demonstrate—using a comprehensive set of paired daughter cell analyses that include single-cell 3D confocal imaging, single-cell transplants, single-cell RNA-seq, and single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq)—that the outcome of HSC divisions is strongly linked to the polarity status before mitosis, which is in turn determined by the level of the activity Cdc42 in stem cells. Aged apolar HSCs undergo preferentially self-renewing symmetric divisions, resulting in daughter stem cells with reduced regenerative capacity and lymphoid potential, while young polar HSCs undergo preferentially asymmetric divisions. Mathematical modeling in combination with experimental data implies a mechanistic role of the asymmetric sorting of Cdc42 in determining the potential of daughter cells via epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, molecules that control HSC polarity might serve as modulators of the mode of stem cell division regulating the potential of daughter cells. Stem cells are unique cells that can differentiate to produce more stem cells or other types of cells and can divide both symmetrically (to produce daughter cells with the same fate) and asymmetrically (to produce one daughter cell that retains stem cell potential and one that differentiates). The mechanisms that control the outcome of stem cell divisions have been the focus of many studies; however, they remain mainly unknown. Here, we have analyzed these mechanisms in murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by directly comparing the epigenetic signature, the transcriptome, and the function of the two daughter cells stemming from the first division of either a young or an aged HSC. We observe that, while young HSCs divide mainly asymmetrically, aged HSCs divide primarily symmetrically. We find that the mode of division is tightly linked to stem cell polarity and is regulated by the activity level of the small RhoGTPase cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). In addition, we show that the potential of daughter cells is further linked to the amount of the epigenetic mark H4K16ac and also to the amount of open chromatin allocated to a daughter cell, but it is not linked to its transcriptome. In summary, our study suggests that HSC polarity linked to Cdc42 activity drives the mode of division, while epigenetic mechanisms determine the functional outcome of the stem cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carolina Florian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (MCF); (HG)
| | - Markus Klose
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Sacma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jelena Jablanovic
- Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luke Knudson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kalpana J. Nattamai
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gina Marka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin Soller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vadim Sakk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Medhanie A. Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCF); (HG)
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274
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Ito K, Bonora M, Ito K. Metabolism as master of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:18-27. [PMID: 30219988 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HSCs have a fate choice when they divide; they can self-renew, producing new HSCs, or produce daughter cells that will mature to become committed cells. Technical challenges, however, have long obscured the mechanics of these choices. Advances in flow-sorting have made possible the purification of HSC populations, but available HSC-enriched fractions still include substantial heterogeneity, and single HSCs have proven extremely difficult to track and observe. Advances in single-cell approaches, however, have led to the identification of a highly purified population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that make a critical contribution to hematopoietic homeostasis through a preference for self-renewing division. Metabolic cues are key regulators of this cell fate choice, and the importance of controlling the population and quality of mitochondria has recently been highlighted to maintain the equilibrium of HSC populations. Leukemic cells also demand tightly regulated metabolism, and shifting the division balance of leukemic cells toward commitment has been considered as a promising therapeutic strategy. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control HSC fate is, therefore, of great biological interest, and more importantly will be critical to the development of new therapeutic strategies that target HSC division balance for the treatment of hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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275
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Konieczny J, Arranz L. Updates on Old and Weary Haematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092567. [PMID: 30158459 PMCID: PMC6163425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood formation, or haematopoiesis, originates from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whose functions and maintenance are regulated in both cell- and cell non-autonomous ways. The surroundings of HSCs in the bone marrow create a specific niche or microenvironment where HSCs nest that allows them to retain their unique characteristics and respond rapidly to external stimuli. Ageing is accompanied by reduced regenerative capacity of the organism affecting all systems, due to the progressive decline of stem cell functions. This includes blood and HSCs, which contributes to age-related haematological disorders, anaemia, and immunosenescence, among others. Furthermore, chronological ageing is characterised by myeloid and platelet HSC skewing, inflammageing, and expanded clonal haematopoiesis, which may be the result of the accumulation of preleukaemic lesions in HSCs. Intriguingly, haematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukaemia have a high incidence among elderly patients, yet not all individuals with clonal haematopoiesis develop leukaemias. Here, we discuss recent work on these aspects, their potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and the first cues linking age-related changes in the HSC niche to poor HSC maintenance. Future work is needed for a better understanding of haematopoiesis during ageing. This field may open new avenues for HSC rejuvenation and therapeutic strategies in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Konieczny
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Stem Cell Aging and Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway.
- Young Associate Investigator, Norwegian Center for Molecular Medicine (NCMM), 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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276
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Roma LP, Deponte M, Riemer J, Morgan B. Mechanisms and Applications of Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:552-568. [PMID: 29160083 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors, based on fusions between thiol peroxidases and redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein 2 (roGFP2), have dramatically broadened the available "toolbox" for monitoring cellular H2O2 changes. Recent Advances: Recently developed peroxiredoxin-based probes such as roGFP2-Tsa2ΔCR offer considerably improved H2O2 sensitivity compared with previously available genetically encoded sensors and now permit dynamic, real-time, monitoring of changes in endogenous H2O2 levels. CRITICAL ISSUES The correct understanding and interpretation of probe read-outs is crucial for their meaningful use. We discuss probe mechanisms, potential pitfalls, and best practices for application and interpretation of probe responses and highlight where gaps in our knowledge remain. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The full potential of the newly available sensors remains far from being fully realized and exploited. We discuss how the ability to monitor basal H2O2 levels in real time now allows us to re-visit long-held ideas in redox biology such as the response to ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species production. Further, recently proposed circadian cycles of peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation might now be rigorously tested. Beyond their application as H2O2 probes, roGFP2-based H2O2 sensors hold exciting potential for studying thiol peroxidase mechanisms, inactivation properties, and the impact of post-translational modifications, in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 552-568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Prates Roma
- 1 Biophysics Department, Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Universität des Saarlandes , Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcel Deponte
- 2 Faculty of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- 3 Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce Morgan
- 4 Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern , Kaiserslautern, Germany
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277
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Chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Blood 2018; 132:1553-1560. [PMID: 30104218 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic innate immune signaling in hematopoietic cells is widely described in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and innate immune pathway activation, predominantly via pattern recognition receptors, increases the risk of developing MDS. An inflammatory component to MDS has been reported for many years, but only recently has evidence supported a more direct role of chronic innate immune signaling and associated inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of MDS. Here we review recent findings and discuss relevant questions related to chronic immune response dysregulation in MDS.
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278
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Dash BP, Schnöder TM, Kathner C, Mohr J, Weinert S, Herzog C, Godavarthy PS, Zanetti C, Perner F, Braun-Dullaeus R, Hartleben B, Huber TB, Walz G, Naumann M, Ellis S, Vasioukhin V, Kähne T, Krause DS, Heidel FH. Diverging impact of cell fate determinants Scrib and Llgl1 on adhesion and migration of hematopoietic stem cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1933-1944. [PMID: 30083817 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell fate determinants Scrib and Llgl1 influence self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Scrib-deficient HSCs are functionally impaired and lack sufficient repopulation capacity during serial transplantation and stress. In contrast, loss of Llgl1 leads to increased HSC fitness, gain of self-renewal capacity and expansion of the stem cell pool. Here, we sought to assess for shared and unique molecular functions of Llgl1 and Scrib by analyzing their interactome in hematopoietic cells. METHODS Interactome analysis was performed by affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry. Motility, migration and adhesion were assessed on primary murine HSCs, which were isolated by FACS sorting following conditional deletion of Scrib or Llgl1, respectively. Imaging of Scrib-deficient HSCs was performed by intravital 2-photon microscopy. RESULTS Comparison of Scrib and Llgl1 interactome analyses revealed involvement in common and unique cellular functions. Migration and adhesion were among the cellular functions connected to Scrib but not to Llgl1. Functional validation of these findings confirmed alterations in cell adhesion and migration of Scrib-deficient HSCs in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, genetic inactivation of Llgl1 did not affect adhesion or migratory capacity of hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide first evidence for an evolutionarily conserved role of the cell fate determinant Scrib in HSC adhesion and migration in vitro and in vivo, a unique function that is not shared with its putative complex partner Llgl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banaja P Dash
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tina M Schnöder
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Kathner
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Weinert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Herzog
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Costanza Zanetti
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Perner
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Valera Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.
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279
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Smith JNP, Zhang Y, Li JJ, McCabe A, Jo HJ, Maloney J, MacNamara KC. Type I IFNs drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell collapse via impaired proliferation and increased RIPK1-dependent cell death during shock-like ehrlichial infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007234. [PMID: 30080899 PMCID: PMC6095620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNα/β) regulate diverse aspects of host defense, but their impact on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HSPCs) during infection remains unclear. Hematologic impairment can occur in severe infections, thus we sought to investigate the impact of type I IFNs on hematopoiesis in a tick-borne infection with a virulent ehrlichial pathogen that causes shock-like disease. During infection, IFNα/β induced severe bone marrow (BM) loss, blunted infection-induced emergency myelopoiesis, and reduced phenotypic HSPCs and HSCs. In the absence of type I IFN signaling, BM and splenic hematopoiesis were increased, and HSCs derived from Ifnar1-deficient mice were functionally superior in competitive BM transplants. Type I IFNs impaired hematopoiesis during infection by both limiting HSC/HSPC proliferation and increasing HSPC death. Using mixed BM chimeras we determined that type I IFNs restricted proliferation indirectly, whereas HSPC death occurred via direct IFNαR -mediated signaling. IFNαR-dependent signals resulted in reduced caspase 8 expression and activity, and reduced cleavage of RIPK1 and RIPK3, relative to Ifnar1-deficient mice. RIPK1 antagonism with Necrostatin-1s rescued HSPC and HSC numbers during infection. Early antibiotic treatment is required for mouse survival, however antibiotic-treated survivors had severely reduced HSPCs and HSCs. Combination therapy with antibiotics and Necrostatin-1s improved HSPC and HSC numbers in surviving mice, compared to antibiotic treatment alone. We reveal two mechanisms whereby type I IFNs drive hematopoietic collapse during severe infection: direct sensitization of HSPCs to undergo cell death and enhanced HSC quiescence. Our studies reveal a strategy to ameliorate the type I IFN-dependent loss of HSCs and HSPCs during infection, which may be relevant to other infections wherein type I IFNs cause hematopoietic dysfunction. The Ehrlichiae are important emerging, tick-borne pathogens that cause immune suppression and cytopenias, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In a model of shock-like illness caused by Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia, type I interferons (IFNs) induce hematopoietic dysfunction by reducing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation and driving cell death of hematopoietic progenitors (HSPCs). Using mixed bone marrow chimeras, we demonstrate that HSPC loss occurs via intrinsic type I IFN signaling, whereas HSC proliferation is regulated via an extrinsic mechanism. In contrast to sterile inflammation, infection-induced type I IFNs induced RIPK1-dependent loss of hematopoietic progenitors. HSPCs were rescued during infection by inhibiting RIPK1 with Necrostatin-1s. While antibiotic treatment protected against otherwise lethal infection, mice recovering from infection exhibited significantly reduced HSCs and HSPCs. Co-treatment with both antibiotics and Necrostatin-1s significantly increased HSPC frequencies and the number of HSCs compared to antibiotics alone. Blood production is essential for life and necessary for host defense, thus our work reveals a therapeutic strategy to rescue and improve hematopoiesis in patients recovering from serious infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N. P. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jing Jing Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Amanda McCabe
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Jin Jo
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jackson Maloney
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Katherine C. MacNamara
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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280
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Singh SK, Singh S, Gadomski S, Sun L, Pfannenstein A, Magidson V, Chen X, Kozlov S, Tessarollo L, Klarmann KD, Keller JR. Id1 Ablation Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Stress-Induced Exhaustion and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:252-265.e8. [PMID: 30082068 PMCID: PMC6149219 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms that maintain tissue stem cells during homeostasis, stress, and aging is important for improving tissue regeneration and repair and enhancing cancer therapies. Here, we show that Id1 is induced in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by cytokines that promote HSC proliferation and differentiation, suggesting that it functions in stress hematopoiesis. Genetic ablation of Id1 increases HSC self-renewal in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) assays, correlating with decreases in HSC proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Id1-/- HSCs have a quiescent molecular signature and harbor less DNA damage than control HSCs. Cytokines produced in the hematopoietic microenvironment after γ-irradiation induce Id1 expression. Id1-/- HSCs display a blunted proliferative response to such cytokines and other inducers of chronic proliferation including genotoxic and inflammatory stress and aging, protecting them from chronic stress and exhaustion. Thus, targeting Id1 may be therapeutically useful for improving HSC survival and function during BMT, chronic stress, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Cell Culture, Center for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen Gadomski
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Pfannenstein
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiongfong Chen
- Advanced Biomedical and Computation Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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281
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Jassinskaja M, Johansson E, Kristiansen TA, Åkerstrand H, Sjöholm K, Hauri S, Malmström J, Yuan J, Hansson J. Comprehensive Proteomic Characterization of Ontogenic Changes in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3285-3297. [PMID: 29241553 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the fetus and adult possess distinct molecular landscapes that regulate cell fate and change their susceptibility to initiation and progression of hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we applied in-depth quantitative proteomics to comprehensively describe and compare the proteome of fetal and adult HSPCs. Our data uncover a striking difference in complexity of the cellular proteomes, with more diverse adult-specific HSPC proteomic signatures. The differential protein content in fetal and adult HSPCs indicate distinct metabolic profiles and protein complex stoichiometries. Additionally, adult characteristics include an arsenal of proteins linked to viral and bacterial defense, as well as protection against ROS-induced protein oxidation. Further analyses show that interferon α, as well as Neutrophil elastase, has distinct functional effects in fetal and adult HSPCs. This study provides a rich resource aimed toward an enhanced mechanistic understanding of normal and malignant hematopoiesis during fetal and adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jassinskaja
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Johansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Trine Ahn Kristiansen
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugo Åkerstrand
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Sjöholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Hauri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joan Yuan
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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282
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) during development and under homeostatic conditions. IFN-γ also plays a key pathogenic role in several diseases that affect hematopoiesis including aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Recent Findings Studies have shown that increased IFN-γ negatively affects HSC homeostasis, skewing HSC towards differentiation over self-renewal and eventually causing exhaustion of the HSC compartment. Summary Here, we explore the mechanisms by which IFN-γ regulates HSC in both normal and pathological conditions. We focus on the role of IFN-γ signaling in HSC fate decisions, and the transcriptional changes it elicits. Elucidating the mechanisms through which IFN-γ regulates HSCs may lead to new therapeutic options to prevent or treat adverse hematologic effects of the many diseases to which IFN-γ contributes.
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283
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Mazon M, Larouche V, St-Louis M, Schindler D, Carreau M. Elevated blood levels of Dickkopf-1 are associated with acute infections. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:428-434. [PMID: 30028084 PMCID: PMC6247238 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a soluble protein and antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. DKK1 is found elevated in serum from patients affected with various types of cancers and in some instances, it is considered a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Elevated serum levels of DKK1 have also been detected in animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated upregulation of DKK1 in cells and mouse models of the bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer-prone disease Fanconi anemia (FA). The present study aimed to investigate whether DKK1 blood levels in patients are associated with FA or inflammatory responses to acute infections. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 58 children admitted to the Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil du Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval with signs of acute infections. Blood plasma specimens were also collected from healthy blood donors at the Héma-Québec blood donor clinic. Plasmas from patients diagnosed with FA were also included in the study. DKK1 levels in blood plasmas were assessed by standard ELISA. RESULTS Patients with acute infections showed dramatically high levels of DKK1 (6072 ± 518 pg/ml) in their blood compared to healthy blood donors (1726 ± 95 pg/ml). No correlations were found between DKK1 levels and C reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet numbers, or white blood cell counts. Patients with FA showed higher DKK1 plasma levels (3419 ± 147.5 pg/ml) than healthy blood donors (1726 ± 95 pg/ml) but significantly lower than patients with acute infections. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that blood DKK1 is elevated in response to infections and perhaps to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Mazon
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Valérie Larouche
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Madeleine Carreau
- Centre Hospitalier de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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284
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a common, age-associated condition characterized by the acquisition of somatic mutations. This concise review explores our current understanding of the mechanisms that influence the development of clonality with aging and its potential malignant and non-malignant clinical implications. Recent Findings Aging of the hematopoietic system results in phenotypic changes that favor clonal dominance. Cell-extrinsic factors provide additional selective pressures that further shape clonal architecture. Even so, small clones with candidate driver mutations appear to be ubiquitous with age and largely benign in the absence of strong selective pressures. Benign clonal expansion may compensate for the loss of regenerative HSC capacity as we age. Summary CHIP is a marker of aging that reflects the biologic interplay between HSC aging and cell-extrinsic factors. The clinical significance of CHIP is highly variable and dependent on clinical context. Distinguishing the causal relationships and confounding factors that regulate clonal behavior will be essential to define the mechanistic role of CHIP in aging and potentially mitigate its clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo J Park
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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285
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Morales-Hernández A, Martinat A, Chabot A, Kang G, McKinney-Freeman S. Elevated Oxidative Stress Impairs Hematopoietic Progenitor Function in C57BL/6 Substrains. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:334-347. [PMID: 30017822 PMCID: PMC6093083 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6N (N) and C57BL/6J (J) mice possess key genetic differences, including a deletion in the Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene that results in a non-functional protein in J mice. NNT regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Although elevated oxidative stress can compromise hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function, it is unknown whether N- and J-HSPCs are functionally equivalent. Here, we report that J-HSPCs display compromised short-term hematopoietic repopulating activity relative to N-HSPCs that is defined by a delay in lymphoid reconstitution and impaired function of specific multi-potent progenitor populations post transplant. J-HSPCs also displayed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to N-HSPCs post transplant and upregulate ROS levels more in response to hematopoietic stress. Nnt knockdown in N-HSPCs recapitulated J-HSPCs’ short-term repopulating defect, indicating that NNT loss contributes to this defect. In summary, C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J HSPCs are not functionally equivalent, which should be considered when determining the substrain most appropriate for investigations of HSPC biology. C57BL/6J-HSPCs display a repopulating disadvantage relative to C57BL/6N-HSPCs C57BL/6J-HSPCs display greater oxidative stress post transplant than C57BL/6N-HSPCs Nnt loss contributes to the functional differences between C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J-HSPCs MPP3 and MPP4 are the HSPCs populations responsible for the repopulating differences
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Martinat
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ashley Chabot
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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286
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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287
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Daigh LH, Liu C, Chung M, Cimprich KA, Meyer T. Stochastic Endogenous Replication Stress Causes ATR-Triggered Fluctuations in CDK2 Activity that Dynamically Adjust Global DNA Synthesis Rates. Cell Syst 2018; 7:17-27.e3. [PMID: 29909278 PMCID: PMC6436092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful DNA replication is challenged by stalling of replication forks during S phase. Replication stress is further increased in cancer cells or in response to genotoxic insults. Using live single-cell image analysis, we found that CDK2 activity fluctuates throughout an unperturbed S phase. We show that CDK2 fluctuations result from transient ATR signals triggered by stochastic replication stress events. In turn, fluctuating endogenous CDK2 activity causes corresponding decreases and increases in DNA synthesis rates, linking changes in stochastic replication stress to fluctuating global DNA replication rates throughout S phase. Moreover, cells that reenter the cell cycle after mitogen stimulation have increased CDK2 fluctuations and prolonged S phase resulting from increased replication stress-induced CDK2 suppression. Thus, our study reveals a dynamic control principle for DNA replication whereby CDK2 activity is suppressed and fluctuates throughout S phase to continually adjust global DNA synthesis rates in response to recurring stochastic replication stress events. Live single-cell microscopy reveals a control principal that helps maintain proper duplication of genetic material. Upon inevitable DNA replication stress during S phase, cells signal through ATR to attenuate CDK2 activity, which then decreases global DNA synthesis rate. This feedback enables dynamic modulation of S-phase progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton H Daigh
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chad Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingyu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karlene A Cimprich
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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288
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Piras F, Riba M, Petrillo C, Lazarevic D, Cuccovillo I, Bartolaccini S, Stupka E, Gentner B, Cittaro D, Naldini L, Kajaste-Rudnitski A. Lentiviral vectors escape innate sensing but trigger p53 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1198-1211. [PMID: 28667090 PMCID: PMC5582409 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of lentiviral vector (LV)-based hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) gene therapy is rapidly becoming a reality. Nevertheless, LV-mediated signaling and its potential functional consequences on HSPC biology remain poorly understood. We unravel here a remarkably limited impact of LV on the HSPC transcriptional landscape. LV escaped innate immune sensing that instead led to robust IFN responses upon transduction with a gamma-retroviral vector. However, reverse-transcribed LV DNA did trigger p53 signaling, activated also by non-integrating Adeno-associated vector, ultimately leading to lower cell recovery ex vivo and engraftment in vivo These effects were more pronounced in the short-term repopulating cells while long-term HSC frequencies remained unaffected. Blocking LV-induced signaling partially rescued both apoptosis and engraftment, highlighting a novel strategy to further dampen the impact of ex vivo gene transfer on HSPC. Overall, our results shed light on viral vector sensing in HSPC and provide critical insight for the development of more stealth gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piras
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Petrillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Cuccovillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bartolaccini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Stupka
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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289
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Rare variants in Fanconi anemia genes are enriched in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:50. [PMID: 29891941 PMCID: PMC6002376 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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290
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Mohrin M, Widjaja A, Liu Y, Luo H, Chen D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response is activated upon hematopoietic stem cell exit from quiescence. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12756. [PMID: 29575576 PMCID: PMC5946069 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), a cellular protective program that ensures proteostasis in the mitochondria, has recently emerged as a regulatory mechanism for adult stem cell maintenance that is conserved across tissues. Despite the emerging genetic evidence implicating the UPRmt in stem cell maintenance, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. While it has been speculated that the UPRmt is activated upon stem cell transition from quiescence to proliferation, the direct evidence is lacking. In this study, we devised three experimental approaches that enable us to monitor quiescent and proliferating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and provided the direct evidence that the UPRmt is activated upon HSC transition from quiescence to proliferation, and more broadly, mitochondrial integrity is actively monitored at the restriction point to ensure metabolic fitness before stem cells are committed to proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mohrin
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Andrew Widjaja
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Yufei Liu
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Danica Chen
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
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291
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Baumgartner C, Toifl S, Farlik M, Halbritter F, Scheicher R, Fischer I, Sexl V, Bock C, Baccarini M. An ERK-Dependent Feedback Mechanism Prevents Hematopoietic Stem Cell Exhaustion. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:879-892.e6. [PMID: 29804890 PMCID: PMC5988582 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain hematopoiesis throughout life. HSCs exit dormancy to restore hemostasis in response to stressful events, such as acute blood loss, and must return to a quiescent state to prevent their exhaustion and resulting bone marrow failure. HSC activation is driven in part through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway, but less is known about the cell-intrinsic pathways that control HSC dormancy. Here, we delineate an ERK-dependent, rate-limiting feedback mechanism that controls HSC fitness and their re-entry into quiescence. We show that the MEK/ERK and PI3K pathways are synchronously activated in HSCs during emergency hematopoiesis and that feedback phosphorylation of MEK1 by activated ERK counterbalances AKT/mTORC1 activation. Genetic or chemical ablation of this feedback loop tilts the balance between HSC dormancy and activation, increasing differentiated cell output and accelerating HSC exhaustion. These results suggest that MEK inhibitors developed for cancer therapy may find additional utility in controlling HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumgartner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Toifl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Halbritter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Scheicher
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Saarland Informatics Campus, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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292
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Ito K, Ito K. Hematopoietic stem cell fate through metabolic control. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:1-11. [PMID: 29807063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells maintain a quiescent state in the bone marrow to preserve their self-renewal capacity, but also undergo cell divisions as required. Organelles such as the mitochondria sustain cumulative damage during these cell divisions and this damage may eventually compromise the cells' self-renewal capacity. Hematopoietic stem cell divisions result in either self-renewal or differentiation, with the balance between the two affecting hematopoietic homeostasis directly; however, the heterogeneity of available hematopoietic stem cell-enriched fractions, together with the technical challenges of observing hematopoietic stem cell behavior, has long hindered the analysis of individual hematopoietic stem cells and prevented the elucidation of this process. Recent advances in genetic models, metabolomics analyses, and single-cell approaches have revealed the contributions made to hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by metabolic cues, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy/mitophagy, which have highlighted mitochondrial quality control as a key factor in the equilibrium of hematopoietic stem cells. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control hematopoietic stem cells fate at the single-cell level is therefore not only of great biological interest, but will also have clear clinical implications for the development of therapies for hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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293
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Rosko AE, Olin RL, Artz A, Wildes TM, Stauder R, Klepin HD. A call to action in hematologic disorders: A report from the ASH scientific workshop on hematology and aging. J Geriatr Oncol 2018; 9:287-290. [PMID: 29759912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Olin
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Artz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tanya M Wildes
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Heidi D Klepin
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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294
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Sousa-Victor P, Ayyaz A, Hayashi R, Qi Y, Madden DT, Lunyak VV, Jasper H. Piwi Is Required to Limit Exhaustion of Aging Somatic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2527-2537. [PMID: 28903034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated mechanisms that preserve genome integrity are critical to ensure the maintenance of regenerative capacity while preventing transformation of somatic stem cells (SCs), yet little is known about mechanisms regulating genome maintenance in these cells. Here, we show that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) induce the Argonaute family protein Piwi in response to JAK/STAT signaling during acute proliferative episodes. Piwi function is critical to ensure heterochromatin maintenance, suppress retrotransposon activation, and prevent DNA damage in homeostasis and under regenerative pressure. Accordingly, loss of Piwi results in the loss of actively dividing ISCs and their progenies by apoptosis. We further show that Piwi expression is sufficient to allay age-related retrotransposon expression, DNA damage, apoptosis, and mis-differentiation phenotypes in the ISC lineage, improving epithelial homeostasis. Our data identify a role for Piwi in the regulation of somatic SC function, and they highlight the importance of retrotransposon control in somatic SC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Arshad Ayyaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | | | - Yanyan Qi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - David T Madden
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Victoria V Lunyak
- Aelan Cell Technologies, 665/280 Third Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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295
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Functional decline of hematopoiesis that occurs in the elderly, or in patients who receive therapies that trigger cellular senescence effects, results in a progressive reduction in the immune response and an increased incidence of myeloid malignancy. Intracellular signals in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSC/P) mediate systemic, microenvironment, and cell-intrinsic effector aging signals that induce their decline. This review intends to summarize and critically review our advances in the understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for HSC decline during aging and opportunities for intervention. Recent Findings For a long time, aging of HSC has been thought to be an irreversible process imprinted in stem cells due to the cell intrinsic nature of aging. However, recent murine models and human correlative studies provide evidence that aging is associated with molecular signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, loss of polarity and an altered epigenome. These signaling pathways provide potential targets for prevention or reversal of age-related changes. Summary Here we review our current understanding of the signalling pathways that are differentially activated or repressed during HSC/P aging, focusing on the oxidative, metabolic, biochemical and structural consequences downstream, and cell-intrinsic, systemic, and environmental influences.
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297
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Defective germline reprogramming rewires the spermatogonial transcriptome. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:394-404. [PMID: 29728652 PMCID: PMC6086329 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Defective germline reprogramming in Miwi2- and Dnmt3l-deficient mice results in the failure to reestablish transposon silencing, meiotic arrest and progressive loss of spermatogonia. Here we sought to understand the molecular basis for this spermatogonial dysfunction. Through a combination of imaging, conditional genetics and transcriptome analysis, we demonstrate that germ cell elimination in the respective mutants arises due to defective de novo genome methylation during reprogramming rather than a function for the respective factors within spermatogonia. In both Miwi2-/- and Dnmt3l-/- spermatogonia the intracisternal-A particle (IAP) family of endogenous retroviruses is de-repressed, but in contrast to meiotic cells DNA damage is not observed. Instead we find that unmethylated IAP promoters rewire the spermatogonial transcriptome by driving expression of neighboring genes. Finally, spermatogonial numbers, proliferation and differentiation are altered in Miwi2-/- and Dnmt3l-/- mice. In summary, defective reprogramming deregulates the spermatogonial transcriptome and may underlie spermatogonial dysfunction.
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298
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Hirche C, Frenz T, Haas SF, Döring M, Borst K, Tegtmeyer PK, Brizic I, Jordan S, Keyser K, Chhatbar C, Pronk E, Lin S, Messerle M, Jonjic S, Falk CS, Trumpp A, Essers MAG, Kalinke U. Systemic Virus Infections Differentially Modulate Cell Cycle State and Functionality of Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells In Vivo. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2345-2356. [PMID: 28614719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are efficiently activated by type I interferon (IFN-I). However, this effect remains poorly investigated in the context of IFN-I-inducing virus infections. Here we report that both vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection induce LT-HSC activation that substantially differs from the effects triggered upon injection of synthetic IFN-I-inducing agents. In both infections, inflammatory responses had to exceed local thresholds within the bone marrow to confer LT-HSC cell cycle entry, and IFN-I receptor triggering was not critical for this activation. After resolution of acute MCMV infection, LT-HSCs returned to phenotypic quiescence. However, non-acute MCMV infection induced a sustained inflammatory milieu within the bone marrow that was associated with long-lasting impairment of LT-HSC function. In conclusion, our results show that systemic virus infections fundamentally affect LT-HSCs and that also non-acute inflammatory stimuli in bone marrow donors can affect the reconstitution potential of bone marrow transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hirche
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresa Frenz
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon F Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; "Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Stress" Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Döring
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia-K Tegtmeyer
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ilija Brizic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kirsten Keyser
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chintan Chhatbar
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eline Pronk
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; "Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Stress" Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuiping Lin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Messerle
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marieke A G Essers
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; "Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Stress" Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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299
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Rundberg Nilsson A, Pronk CJ. Retinoic Acid Puts Hematopoietic Stem Cells Back To Sleep. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:9-11. [PMID: 28686871 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) display superior serial reconstitution capacity compared to active HSCs, although their role in normal hematopoiesis has not been thoroughly investigated. Recently in Cell, Cabezas-Wallscheid et al. (2017) demonstrate involvement of retinoic acid signaling in murine dHSCs for preservation of the HSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rundberg Nilsson
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Medical Faculty, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Jan Pronk
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Medical Faculty, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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300
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SETD1A protects HSCs from activation-induced functional decline in vivo. Blood 2018; 131:1311-1324. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-806844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
SETD1A regulates DNA damage signaling and repair in HSCs and hematopoietic precursors in the absence of reactive oxygen species accumulation. SETD1A is important for the survival of mice after inflammation-induced HSC activation in situ.
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