251
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Porta S, Xu Y, Lehr T, Zhang B, Meymand E, Olufemi M, Stieber A, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Distinct brain-derived TDP-43 strains from FTLD-TDP subtypes induce diverse morphological TDP-43 aggregates and spreading patterns in vitro and in vivo. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:1033-1049. [PMID: 33971027 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The heterogeneity in the distribution and morphological features of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology in the brains of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP) patients and their different clinical manifestations suggest that distinct pathological TDP-43 strains could play a role in this heterogeneity between different FTLD-TDP subtypes (A-E). Our aim was to evaluate the existence of distinct TDP-43 strains in the brains of different FTLD-TDP subtypes and characterise their specific seeding properties in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an inducible stable cell line expressing a mutant cytoplasmic TDP-43 (iGFP-NLSm) to evaluate the seeding properties of distinct pathological TDP-43 strains. Brain-derived TDP-43 protein extracts from FTLD-TDP types A (n = 6) and B (n = 3) cases induced the formation of round/spherical phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates that morphologically differed from the linear and wavy wisps and bigger heterogeneous filamentous (skein-like) aggregates induced by type E (n = 3) cases. These morphological differences correlated with distinct biochemical banding patterns of sarkosyl-insoluble TDP-43 protein recovered from the transduced cells. Moreover, brain-derived TDP-43 extracts from type E cases showed higher susceptibility to PK digestion of full-length TDP-43 and the most abundant C-terminal fragments that characterise type E extracts. Finally, we showed that intracerebral injections of different TDP-43 strains induced a distinctive morphological and subcellular distribution of TDP-43 pathology and different spreading patterns in the brains of CamKIIa-hTDP-43NLSm Tg mice. CONCLUSIONS We show the existence of distinct TDP-43 strains in the brain of different FTLD-TDP subtypes with distinctive seeding and spreading properties in the brains of experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tagan Lehr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Meymand
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Modupe Olufemi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Stieber
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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252
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Kim CM, Montal V, Diez I, Orwig W, Sepulcre J. Network interdigitations of Tau and amyloid-beta deposits define cognitive levels in aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2990-3004. [PMID: 33955621 PMCID: PMC8193537 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD); their contribution to neurodegeneration and clinical manifestations are critical in understanding preclinical AD. At present, the mechanisms related to Aβ and tau pathogenesis leading to cognitive decline in older adults remain largely unknown. Here, we examined graph theory‐based positron emission tomography (PET) analytical approaches, within and between tau and Aβ PET modalities, and tested the effects on cognitive changes in cognitively normal older adults (CN). Particularly, we focused on the network interdigitations of Aβ and tau deposits, along with cognitive test scores in CN at both baseline and 2‐year follow‐up (FU). We found highly significant Aβ‐tau network integrations in AD vulnerable areas, as well as significant associations between those Aβ‐tau interdigitations and general cognitive impairment in CN at baseline and FU. Our findings suggest a distinctive contribution of interlinking network relationships between Aβ and tau deposits in heteromodal areas of the human brain. They support a network‐based interaction between Aβ and tau accumulations as a key factor for cognitive deterioration in CN prior to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Mi Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor Montal
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacón Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Orwig
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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253
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Carlson GA, Prusiner SB. How an Infection of Sheep Revealed Prion Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4861. [PMID: 34064393 PMCID: PMC8125442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is not yet universally accepted that all neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are prion disorders, there is little disagreement that Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and other NDs are a consequence of protein misfolding, aggregation, and spread. This widely accepted perspective arose from the prion hypothesis, which resulted from investigations on scrapie, a common transmissible disease of sheep and goats. The prion hypothesis argued that the causative infectious agent of scrapie was a novel proteinaceous pathogen devoid of functional nucleic acids and distinct from viruses, viroids, and bacteria. At the time, it seemed impossible that an infectious agent like the one causing scrapie could replicate and exist as diverse microbiological strains without nucleic acids. However, aggregates of a misfolded host-encoded protein, designated the prion protein (PrP), were shown to be the cause of scrapie as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), which are similar NDs in humans. This review discusses historical research on diseases caused by PrP misfolding, emphasizing principles of pathogenesis that were later found to be core features of other NDs. For example, the discovery that familial prion diseases can be caused by mutations in PrP was important for understanding prion replication and disease susceptibility not only for rare PrP diseases but also for far more common NDs involving other proteins. We compare diseases caused by misfolding and aggregation of APP-derived Aβ peptides, tau, and α-synuclein with PrP prion disorders and argue for the classification of NDs caused by misfolding of these proteins as prion diseases. Deciphering the molecular pathogenesis of NDs as prion-mediated has provided new approaches for finding therapies for these intractable, invariably fatal disorders and has revolutionized the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Carlson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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254
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Yang F, Chowdhury SR, Jacobs HIL, Sepulcre J, Wedeen VJ, Johnson KA, Dutta J. Longitudinal predictive modeling of tau progression along the structural connectome. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118126. [PMID: 33957234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau neurofibrillary tangles, a pathophysiological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibit a stereotypical spatiotemporal trajectory that is strongly correlated with disease progression and cognitive decline. Personalized prediction of tau progression is, therefore, vital for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Evidence from both animal and human studies is suggestive of tau transmission along the brains preexisting neural connectivity conduits. We present here an analytic graph diffusion framework for individualized predictive modeling of tau progression along the structural connectome. To account for physiological processes that lead to active generation and clearance of tau alongside passive diffusion, our model uses an inhomogenous graph diffusion equation with a source term and provides closed-form solutions to this equation for linear and exponential source functionals. Longitudinal imaging data from two cohorts, the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), were used to validate the model. The clinical data used for developing and validating the model include regional tau measures extracted from longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) scans based on the 18F-Flortaucipir radiotracer and individual structural connectivity maps computed from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) by means of tractography and streamline counting. Two-timepoint tau PET scans were used to assess the goodness of model fit. Three-timepoint tau PET scans were used to assess predictive accuracy via comparison of predicted and observed tau measures at the third timepoint. Our results show high consistency between predicted and observed tau and differential tau from region-based analysis. While the prognostic value of this approach needs to be validated in a larger cohort, our preliminary results suggest that our longitudinal predictive model, which offers an in vivo macroscopic perspective on tau progression in the brain, is potentially promising as a personalizable predictive framework for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | | | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Van J Wedeen
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joyita Dutta
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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255
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Chaney AM, Lopez-Picon FR, Serrière S, Wang R, Bochicchio D, Webb SD, Vandesquille M, Harte MK, Georgiadou C, Lawrence C, Busson J, Vercouillie J, Tauber C, Buron F, Routier S, Reekie T, Snellman A, Kassiou M, Rokka J, Davies KE, Rinne JO, Salih DA, Edwards FA, Orton LD, Williams SR, Chalon S, Boutin H. Prodromal neuroinflammatory, cholinergic and metabolite dysfunction detected by PET and MRS in the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model of AD: a collaborative multi-modal study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6644-6667. [PMID: 34093845 PMCID: PMC8171096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are valuable but do not fully recapitulate human AD pathology, such as spontaneous Tau fibril accumulation and neuronal loss, necessitating the development of new AD models. The transgenic (TG) TgF344-AD rat has been reported to develop age-dependent AD features including neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles, despite only expressing APP and PSEN1 mutations, suggesting an improved modelling of AD hallmarks. Alterations in neuronal networks as well as learning performance and cognition tasks have been reported in this model, but none have combined a longitudinal, multimodal approach across multiple centres, which mimics the approaches commonly taken in clinical studies. We therefore aimed to further characterise the progression of AD-like pathology and cognition in the TgF344-AD rat from young-adults (6 months (m)) to mid- (12 m) and advanced-stage (18 m, 25 m) of the disease. Methods: TgF344-AD rats and wild-type (WT) littermates were imaged at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m with [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO, neuroinflammation), [18F]Florbetaben (Aβ) and [18F]ASEM (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) and with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and with (S)-[18F]THK5117 (Tau) at 15 and 25 m. Behaviour tests were also performed at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m. Immunohistochemistry (CD11b, GFAP, Aβ, NeuN, NeuroChrom) and Tau (S)-[18F]THK5117 autoradiography, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were also performed. Results: [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) showed an increase in neuroinflammation in TG vs wildtype animals from 12 m in the hippocampus (+11%), and at the advanced-stage AD in the hippocampus (+12%), the thalamus (+11%) and frontal cortex (+14%). This finding coincided with strong increases in brain microgliosis (CD11b) and astrogliosis (GFAP) at these time-points as assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vivo [18F]ASEM PET revealed an age-dependent increase uptake in the striatum and pallidum/nucleus basalis of Meynert in WT only, similar to that observed with this tracer in humans, resulting in TG being significantly lower than WT by 18 m. In vivo [18F]Florbetaben PET scanning detected Aβ accumulation at 18 m, and (S)-[18F]THK5117 PET revealed subsequent Tau accumulation at 25m in hippocampal and cortical regions. Aβ plaques were low but detectable by immunohistochemistry from 6 m, increasing further at 12 and 18 m with Tau-positive neurons adjacent to Aβ plaques at 18 m. NeuroChrom (a pan neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry revealed a loss of neuronal staining at the Aβ plaques locations, while NeuN labelling revealed an age-dependent decrease in hippocampal neuron number in both genotypes. Behavioural assessment using the novel object recognition task revealed that both WT & TgF344-AD animals discriminated the novel from familiar object at 3 m and 6 m of age. However, low levels of exploration observed in both genotypes at later time-points resulted in neither genotype successfully completing the task. Deficits in social interaction were only observed at 3 m in the TgF344-AD animals. By in vivo MRS, we showed a decrease in neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate in the hippocampus at 18 m (-18% vs age-matched WT, and -31% vs 6 m TG) and increased Taurine in the cortex of TG (+35% vs age-matched WT, and +55% vs 6 m TG). Conclusions: This multi-centre multi-modal study demonstrates, for the first time, alterations in brain metabolites, cholinergic receptors and neuroinflammation in vivo in this model, validated by robust ex vivo approaches. Our data confirm that, unlike mouse models, the TgF344-AD express Tau pathology that can be detected via PET, albeit later than by ex vivo techniques, and is a useful model to assess and longitudinally monitor early neurotransmission dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD.
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256
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Grossmann K. Alzheimer's Disease-Rationales for Potential Treatment with the Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094805. [PMID: 33946588 PMCID: PMC8125318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by neurodegenerative, but also vascular and hemostatic changes in the brain. The oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, which has been used for over a decade in preventing thromboembolism and has a well-known pharmacokinetic, safety and antidote profile, can be an option to treat vascular dysfunction in early AD, a condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Recent results have revealed that amyloid-β proteins (Aβ), thrombin and fibrin play a crucial role in triggering vascular and parenchymal brain abnormalities in CAA. Dabigatran blocks soluble thrombin, thrombin-mediated formation of fibrin and Aβ-containing fibrin clots. These clots are deposited in brain parenchyma and blood vessels in areas of CAA. Fibrin-Aβ deposition causes microvascular constriction, occlusion and hemorrhage, leading to vascular and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. As a result, blood flow, perfusion and oxygen and nutrient supply are chronically reduced, mainly in hippocampal and neocortical brain areas. Dabigatran has the potential to preserve perfusion and oxygen delivery to the brain, and to prevent parenchymal Aβ-, thrombin- and fibrin-triggered inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, leading to synapse and neuron death, and cognitive decline. Beneficial effects of dabigatran on CAA and AD have recently been shown in preclinical studies and in retrospective observer studies on patients. Therefore, clinical studies are warranted, in order to possibly expand dabigatran approval for repositioning for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Grossmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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257
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Continuous Monitoring of Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Patient-Derived iPSC-Neurons. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4335-4348. [PMID: 33893219 PMCID: PMC8143197 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2590-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau aggregation within neurons is a critical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. It is believed that soluble pathologic tau species seed the formation of tau aggregates in a prion-like manner and propagate through connected neurons during the progression of disease. Both soluble and aggregated forms of tau are thought to have neurotoxic properties. In addition, different strains of misfolded tau may cause differential neurotoxicity. In this work, we present an accelerated human neuronal model of tau-induced neurotoxicity that incorporates both soluble tau species and tau aggregation. Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons expressing a tau aggregation biosensor, we develop a cell culture system that allows continuous assessment of both induced tau aggregation and neuronal viability at single-cell resolution for periods of >1 week. We show that exogenous tau “seed” uptake, as measured by tau repeat domain (TauRD) reporter aggregation, increases the risk for subsequent neuronal death in vitro. These results are the first to directly visualize neuronal TauRD aggregation and subsequent cell death in single human iPSC neurons. Specific morphologic strains or patterns of TauRD aggregation are then identified and associated with differing neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that familial AD iPSC neurons expressing the PSEN1 L435F mutation exhibit accelerated TauRD aggregation kinetics and a tau strain propagation bias when compared with control iPSC neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal intracellular aggregation of the microtubule binding protein tau occurs in Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Tau aggregates are believed to spread from neuron to neuron via prion-like misfolded tau seeds. Our work develops a human neuronal live-imaging system to visualize seeded tau aggregation and tau-induced neurotoxicity within single neurons. Using an aggregation-sensing tau reporter, we find that neuronal uptake and propagation of tau seeds reduces subsequent survival. In addition, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons carrying an Alzheimer's disease-causing mutation in presenilin-1 undergo tau seeding more rapidly than control iPSC neurons. However, they do not show subsequent differences in neuronal survival. Finally, specific morphologies of tau aggregates are associated with increased neurotoxicity.
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258
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Yang D, Ying J, Wang X, Zhao T, Yoon S, Fang Y, Zheng Q, Liu X, Yu W, Hua F. Mitochondrial Dynamics: A Key Role in Neurodegeneration and a Potential Target for Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654785. [PMID: 33912006 PMCID: PMC8072049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration has been related to several mitochondrial dynamics imbalances such as excessive fragmentation of mitochondria, impaired mitophagy, and blocked mitochondria mitochondrial transport in axons. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and essential for energy conversion, neuron survival, and cell death. As mitochondrial dynamics have a significant influence on homeostasis, in this review, we mainly discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in several neurodegenerative diseases. There is evidence that several mitochondrial dynamics-associated proteins, as well as related pathways, have roles in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases with an impact on mitochondrial functions and metabolism. However, specific pathological mechanisms need to be better understood in order to propose new therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dynamics that have shown promise in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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259
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Lee SH, Meilandt WJ, Xie L, Gandham VD, Ngu H, Barck KH, Rezzonico MG, Imperio J, Lalehzadeh G, Huntley MA, Stark KL, Foreman O, Carano RA, Friedman BA, Sheng M, Easton A, Bohlen CJ, Hansen DV. Trem2 restrains the enhancement of tau accumulation and neurodegeneration by β-amyloid pathology. Neuron 2021; 109:1283-1301.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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260
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Chong JR, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Tanaka T, Saridin FN, Reilhac A, Robins EG, Nai YH, Vrooman H, Hilal S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Lai MKP, Chen CP. Plasma P-tau181 to Aβ42 ratio is associated with brain amyloid burden and hippocampal atrophy in an Asian cohort of Alzheimer's disease patients with concomitant cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1649-1662. [PMID: 33792168 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence that phosphorylated tau (P-tau181) is a specific biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, but its potential utility in non-White patient cohorts and patients with concomitant cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is unknown. METHODS Single molecule array (Simoa) measurements of plasma P-tau181, total tau, amyloid beta (Aβ)40 and Aβ42, as well as derived ratios were correlated with neuroimaging modalities indicating brain amyloid (Aβ+), hippocampal atrophy, and CeVD in a Singapore-based cohort of non-cognitively impaired (NCI; n = 43), cognitively impaired no dementia (CIND; n = 91), AD (n = 44), and vascular dementia (VaD; n = 22) subjects. RESULTS P-tau181/Aβ42 ratio showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for Aβ+ (AUC = 0.889) and for discriminating between AD Aβ+ and VaD Aβ- subjects (AUC = 0.903). In addition, P-tau181/Aβ42 ratio was associated with hippocampal atrophy. None of the biomarkers was associated with CeVD. DISCUSSION Plasma P-tau181/Aβ42 ratio may be a noninvasive means of identifying AD with elevated brain amyloid in populations with concomitant CeVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tomotaka Tanaka
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Francis N Saridin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Anthonin Reilhac
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Edward G Robins
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Technology and Research, Biopolis, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*Star Agency for Science, Singapore
| | - Ying-Hwey Nai
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.,Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
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261
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Qu Y, Wang W, Chen T, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D. The neuroprotection of deproteinized calf blood extractives injection against Alzheimer's disease via regulation of Nrf-2 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11150-11169. [PMID: 33819182 PMCID: PMC8109110 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline due to the accumulation of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which impair glutamate (Glu) metabolism. Deproteinized Calf Blood Extractive Injection (DCBEI) is a biopharmaceutical that contains 17 types of amino acids and 5 types of nucleotides. In this study, we found that DCBEI pretreatment reduced L-Glu-dependent neuroexcitation toxicity by maintaining normal mitochondrial function in HT22 cells. DCBEI treatment also reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis proteins and increased the expression of anti-apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, DCBEI attenuated AD-like behaviors (detected via the Morris water maze test) in B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1dE9)/Nju double transgenic (APP/PS1) mice; this effect was associated with a reduction in the amount of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle deposition and the concomitant reduction of phospho-Tau in the hippocampus. Metabonomic profiling revealed that DCBEI regulated the level of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Label-free proteomics revealed that DCBEI regulated the expression of Nrf-2 and its downstream targets, as well as the levels of phospho-protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Together, these data show that DCBEI can ameliorate AD symptoms by upregulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidative pathways and thus preventing mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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262
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Paulus A, Engdahl A, Yang Y, Boza-Serrano A, Bachiller S, Torres-Garcia L, Svanbergsson A, Garcia MG, Gouras GK, Li JY, Deierborg T, Klementieva O. Amyloid Structural Changes Studied by Infrared Microspectroscopy in Bigenic Cellular Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3430. [PMID: 33810433 PMCID: PMC8037084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects millions of lives worldwide. This terminal disease is characterized by the formation of amyloid aggregates, so-called amyloid oligomers. These oligomers are composed of β-sheet structures, which are believed to be neurotoxic. However, the actual secondary structure that contributes most to neurotoxicity remains unknown. This lack of knowledge is due to the challenging nature of characterizing the secondary structure of amyloids in cells. To overcome this and investigate the molecular changes in proteins directly in cells, we used synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy, a label-free and non-destructive technique available for in situ molecular imaging, to detect structural changes in proteins and lipids. Specifically, we evaluated the formation of β-sheet structures in different monogenic and bigenic cellular models of Alzheimer's disease that we generated for this study. We report on the possibility to discern different amyloid signatures directly in cells using infrared microspectroscopy and demonstrate that bigenic (amyloid-β, α-synuclein) and (amyloid-β, Tau) neuron-like cells display changes in β-sheet load. Altogether, our findings support the notion that different molecular mechanisms of amyloid aggregation, as opposed to a common mechanism, are triggered by the specific cellular environment and, therefore, that various mechanisms lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Paulus
- Medical Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.E.)
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Anders Engdahl
- Medical Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (L.T.-G.); (G.K.G.)
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Megg G. Garcia
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (L.T.-G.); (G.K.G.)
| | - Gunnar K. Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (L.T.-G.); (G.K.G.)
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.S.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (Y.Y.); (A.B.-S.); (S.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (A.P.); (A.E.)
- Lund Institute for Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), 22370 Lund, Sweden
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263
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Clayton K, Delpech JC, Herron S, Iwahara N, Ericsson M, Saito T, Saido TC, Ikezu S, Ikezu T. Plaque associated microglia hyper-secrete extracellular vesicles and accelerate tau propagation in a humanized APP mouse model. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 33752701 PMCID: PMC7986521 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that microglia contribute to tau pathology progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid plaque accumulation transforms microglia, the primary innate immune cells in the brain, into neurodegenerative microglia (MGnD), which exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of plaques, apoptotic neurons and dystrophic neurites containing aggregated and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). It remains unclear how microglia promote disease progression while actively phagocytosing pathological proteins, therefore ameliorating pathology. Methods Adeno-associated virus expressing P301L tau mutant (AAV-P301L-tau) was stereotaxically injected into the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in C57BL/6 (WT) and humanized APP mutant knock-in homozygote (AppNL-G-F) mice at 5 months of age. Mice were fed either chow containing a colony stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor (PLX5622) or control chow from 4 to 6 months of age to test the effect of microglia depletion. Animals were tested at 6 months of age for immunofluorescence, biochemistry, and FACS of microglia. In order to monitor microglial extracellular vesicle secretion in vivo, a novel lentiviral EV reporter system was engineered to express mEmerald-CD9 (mE-CD9) specifically in microglia, which was injected into the same region of MEC. Results Expressing P301L tau mutant in the MEC induced tau propagation to the granule cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which was significantly exacerbated in AppNL-G-F mice compared to WT control mice. Administration of PLX5622 depleted nearly all microglia in mouse brains and dramatically reduced propagation of p-tau in WT and to a greater extent in AppNL-G-F mice, although it increased plaque burden and plaque-associated p-tau+ dystrophic neurites. Plaque-associated MGnD microglia strongly expressed an EV marker, tumor susceptibility gene 101, indicative of heightened synthesis of EVs. Intracortical injection of mE-CD9 lentivirus successfully induced microglia-specific expression of mE-CD9+ EV particles, which were significantly enhanced in Mac2+ MGnD microglia compared to Mac2− homeostatic microglia. Finally, consecutive intracortical injection of mE-CD9 lentivirus and AAV-P301L-tau into AppNL-G-F mice revealed encapsulation of p-tau in microglia-specific mE-CD9+ EVs as determined by super-resolution microscopy and immuno-electron microscopy. Discussion Our findings suggest that MGnD microglia hyper-secrete p-tau+ EVs while compacting Aβ plaques and clearing NP tau, which we propose as a novel mechanistic link between amyloid plaque deposition and exacerbation of tau propagation in AppNL-G-F mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00440-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Clayton
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean Christophe Delpech
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Herron
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiko Ikezu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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264
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Leonard C, Phillips C, McCarty J. Insight Into Seeded Tau Fibril Growth From Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Alzheimer's Disease Protofibril Core. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:624302. [PMID: 33816551 PMCID: PMC8017153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.624302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of the microtubule associated tau protein are a major constituent of neurofibrillary lesions that define Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that the spread of tau neurofibrillary tangles results from a prion-like seeding mechanism in which small oligomeric tau fibrils template the conversion of native, intrinsically disordered, tau proteins into their pathological form. By using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the stability and dissociation thermodynamics of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of both the AD paired-helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF). Non-equilibrium steered MD (SMD) center-of-mass pulling simulations are used to probe the stability of the protofibril structure and identify intermolecular contacts that must be broken before a single tau peptide can dissociate from the protofibril end. Using a combination of exploratory metadynamics and umbrella sampling, we investigate the complete dissociation pathway and compute a free energy profile for the dissociation of a single tau peptide from the fibril end. Different features of the free energy surface between the PHF and SF protofibril result from a different mechanism of tau unfolding. Comparison of wild-type tau PHF and post-translationally modified pSer356 tau shows that phosphorylation at this site changes the dissociation free energy surface of the terminal peptide. These results demonstrate how different protofibril morphologies template the folding of endogenous tau in distinct ways, and how post-translational modification can perturb the folding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cass Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Christian Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
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265
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Kim HB, Kim D, Kim H, Kim W, Chung S, Lee SH, Kim HR, Oh SB. Aβ Accumulation in Vmo Contributes to Masticatory Dysfunction in 5XFAD Mice. J Dent Res 2021; 100:960-967. [PMID: 33719684 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows various symptoms that reflect cognitive impairment and loss of neural circuit integrity. Sensory dysfunctions such as olfactory and ocular pathology are also observed and used as indicators for early detection of AD. Although mastication is suggested to correlate with AD progression, changes in the masticatory system have yet to be established in transgenic animal models of AD. In the present study, we have assessed pathologic hallmarks of AD with the masticatory behavior of 5XFAD mice. We found that masticatory efficiency and maximum biting force were decreased in 5XFAD mice, with no significant change in general motor function. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant accumulation of Aβ (amyloid β), increased microglia number, and cell death in Vmo (trigeminal motor nucleus) as compared with other cranial motor nuclei that innervate the orofacial region. Masseter muscle weight and muscle fiber size were also decreased in 5XFAD mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Aβ accumulation in Vmo contributes to masticatory dysfunction in 5XFAD mice, suggesting a close association between masticatory dysfunction and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Kim
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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266
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Chlorogenic acid enhances autophagy by upregulating lysosomal function to protect against SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by H 2O 2. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 33747165 PMCID: PMC7967846 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves an important role in amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism and τ processing and clearance in Alzheimer's disease. The progression of Aβ plaque accumulation and hyperphosphorylation of τ proteins are enhanced by oxidative stress. A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) injury cell model was established using SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were randomly divided into normal, H2O2 and chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid; CGA) groups. The influence of CGA on cell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell death was assessed using Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining. Autophagy induction and fusion of autophagic vacuoles assays were performed using monodansylcadaverine staining. Additionally, SH-SY5Y cells expressing Ad-mCherry-green fluorescent protein-LC3B were established to detect autophagic flow. LysoTracker Red staining was used to evaluate lysosome function and LysoSensor™ Green staining assays were used to assess lysosomal acidification. The results demonstrated that CGA decreased the apoptosis rate, increased cell viability and improved cell morphology in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, CGA alleviated the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, reduced the LC3BII/I ratio and decreased P62 levels, resulting in increased autophagic flux. Additionally, CGA upregulated lysosome acidity and increased the expression levels of cathepsin D. Importantly, these effects of CGA on H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells were mediated via the mTOR-transcription factor EB signaling pathway. These results indicated that CGA protected cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage via the upregulation of autophagosomes, which promoted autophagocytic degradation and increased autophagic flux.
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267
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Hayashi T, Shimonaka S, Elahi M, Matsumoto SE, Ishiguro K, Takanashi M, Hattori N, Motoi Y. Learning Deficits Accompanied by Microglial Proliferation After the Long-Term Post-Injection of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Extract in Mouse Brains. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1701-1711. [PMID: 33459716 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tauopathy brain injections into the mouse brain induce the development of tau aggregates, which spread to functionally connected brain regions; however, the features of this neurotoxicity remain unclear. One reason may be short observational periods because previous studies mostly used mutated-tau transgenic mice and needed to complete the study before these mice developed neurofibrillary tangles. OBJECTIVE To examine whether long-term incubation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain in the mouse brain cause functional decline. METHODS We herein used Tg601 mice, which overexpress wild-type human tau, and non-transgenic littermates (NTg) and injected an insoluble fraction of the AD brain into the unilateral hippocampus. RESULTS After a long-term (17-19 months) post-injection, mice exhibited learning deficits detected by the Barnes maze test. Aggregated tau pathology in the bilateral hippocampus was more prominent in Tg601 mice than in NTg mice. No significant changes were observed in the number of Neu-N positive cells or astrocytes in the hippocampus, whereas that of Iba-I-positive microglia increased after the AD brain injection. CONCLUSION These results potentially implicate tau propagation in functional decline and indicate that long-term changes in non-mutated tau mice may reflect human pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shimonaka
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Montasir Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ei Matsumoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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268
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Chen Y, Zhao S, Fan Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Shen T, Li K, Yan Y, Tian J, Liu Z, Zhang B. Metformin attenuates plaque-associated tau pathology and reduces amyloid-β burden in APP/PS1 mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:40. [PMID: 33563332 PMCID: PMC7871393 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The amyloid cascade theory is the leading hypothesis of AD pathology. Aβ deposition precedes the aggregation of tau pathology and Aβ pathology precipitates tau pathology. Evidence also indicates the reciprocal interactions between amyloid and tau pathology. However, the detailed relationship between amyloid and tau pathology in AD remains elusive. Metformin might have a positive effect on cognitive impairments. However, whether metformin can reduce AD-related pathologies is still unconclusive. Methods Brain extracts containing tau aggregates were unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and the overlying cerebral cortex of 9-month-old APPswe/PS1DE9 (APP/PS1) mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Metformin was administrated in the drinking water for 2 months. Aβ pathology, tau pathology, plaque-associated microgliosis, and autophagy marker were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis 2 months after injection of proteopathic tau seeds. The effects of metformin on both pathologies were explored. Results We observed tau aggregates in dystrophic neurites surrounding Aβ plaques (NP tau) in the bilateral hippocampi and cortices of tau-injected APP/PS1 mice but not WT mice. Aβ plaques promoted the aggregation of NP tau pathology. Injection of proteopathic tau seeds exacerbated Aβ deposits and decreased the number of microglia around Aβ plaques in the hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Metformin ameliorated the microglial autophagy impairment, increased the number of microglia around Aβ plaques, promoted the phagocytosis of NP tau, and reduced Aβ load and NP tau pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion These findings indicate the existence of the crosstalk between amyloid and NP tau pathology. Metformin promoted the phagocytosis of pathological Aβ and tau proteins by enhancing microglial autophagy capability. It reduced Aβ deposits and limited the spreading of NP tau pathology in APP/PS1 mice, which exerts a beneficial effect on both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueli Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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269
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Tahir MS, Almezgagi M, Zhang Y, Bashir A, Abdullah HM, Gamah M, Wang X, Zhu Q, Shen X, Ma Q, Ali M, Solangi ZA, Malik WS, Zhang W. Mechanistic new insights of flavonols on neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111253. [PMID: 33545661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With a large and increasing elderly population, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) have become a major and growing health problem. During the past few decades, the elderly population has grown 2.5 % every year. Unfortunately, there are no specific therapeutic remedies available to slow the onset or development of these diseases. An aging brain causes many pathophysiological changes and is the major risk factor for most of the neurodegenerative disorders. Polyphenolic compounds such as flavonols have shown therapeutic potential and can contribute to the treatment of these diseases. In this review, evidence for the beneficial neuroprotective effect of multiple flavonols is discussed and their multifactorial cellular pathways for the progressions of age-associated brain changes are identified. Moreover, the animal models of these diseases support the neuroprotective effect and target the potential of flavonols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Tahir
- The Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China; Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Maged Almezgagi
- The Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China; Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Adnan Bashir
- Department of Pharmacology, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Punjab Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hasnat Mazhar Abdullah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, MK6 5BY, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Gamah
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xiaozhou Wang
- The Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xiangqun Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed Solangi
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Waseem Sami Malik
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medical Application of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China; Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China.
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In vitro amplification of pathogenic tau conserves disease-specific bioactive characteristics. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:193-215. [PMID: 33385254 PMCID: PMC7847465 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) forms hyperphosphorylated aggregates in the brains of tauopathy patients that can be pathologically and biochemically defined as distinct tau strains. Recent studies show that these tau strains exhibit strain-specific biological activities, also referred to as pathogenicities, in the tau spreading models. Currently, the specific pathogenicity of human-derived tau strains cannot be fully recapitulated by synthetic tau preformed fibrils (pffs), which are generated from recombinant tau protein. Reproducing disease-relevant tau pathology in cell and animal models necessitates the use of human brain-derived tau seeds. However, the availability of human-derived tau is extremely limited. Generation of tau variants that can mimic the pathogenicity of human-derived tau seeds would significantly extend the scale of experimental design within the field of tauopathy research. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vitro seeding reactions can amplify the beta-sheet structure of tau protein from a minute quantity of human-derived tau. However, whether the strain-specific pathogenicities of the original, human-derived tau seeds are conserved in the amplified tau strains has yet to be experimentally validated. Here, we used biochemically enriched brain-derived tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patient brains with a modified seeding protocol to template the recruitment of recombinant 2N4R (T40) tau in vitro. We quantitatively interrogated efficacy of the amplification reactions and the pathogenic fidelity of the amplified material to the original tau seeds using recently developed sporadic tau spreading models. Our data suggest that different tau strains can be faithfully amplified in vitro from tau isolated from different tauopathy brains and that the amplified tau variants retain their strain-dependent pathogenic characteristics.
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271
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Maturation of neuronal AD-tau pathology involves site-specific phosphorylation of cytoplasmic and synaptic tau preceding conformational change and fibril formation. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:173-192. [PMID: 33427938 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau-protein undergoes a multi-step process involving the transition from a natively unfolded monomer to large, aggregated structures such as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, it is not yet clear which events initiate the early preclinical phase of AD tauopathy and whether they have impact on the propagation of tau pathology in later disease stages. To address this question, we analyzed the distribution of tau species phosphorylated at T231, S396/S404 and S202/T205, conformationally modified at the MC1 epitope and fibrillary tau detected by the Gallyas method (Gallyas-tau), in the brains of 15 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic cases with AD pathology as well as of 19 nonAD cases. As initial tau lesions, we identified phosphorylated-T231-tau diffusely distributed within the somatodendritic compartment (IC-tau) and phosphorylated-S396/pS404-tau in axonal lesions of the white matter and in the neuropil (IN-tau). The subcellular localization of pT231-tau in the cell body and pS396/pS404-tau in the presynapse was confirmed in hP301L mutant Drosophila larvae. Phosphorylated-S202/T205-tau, MC1-tau and Gallyas-tau were negative for these lesions. IC- and IN-tau were observed in all analyzed regions of the human brain, including early affected regions in nonAD cases (entorhinal cortex) and late affected regions in symptomatic AD cases (cerebellum), indicating that tau pathology initiation follows similar processes when propagating into previously unaffected regions. Furthermore, a sequence of AD-related maturation of tau-aggregates was observed, initiated by the appearance of IC- and IN-tau, followed by the formation of pretangles exhibiting pT231-tau, pS396/pS404-tau and pS202/pT205-tau, then by MC1-conformational tau, and, finally, by the formation of Gallyas-positive NFTs. Since cases classified as nonAD [Braak NFT stages < I (including a-1b)] already showed IC- and IN-tau, our findings suggest that these lesions are a prerequisite for the development of AD.
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272
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Malafaia D, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Amyloid-β and tau aggregation dual-inhibitors: A synthetic and structure-activity relationship focused review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113209. [PMID: 33548635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of dementia, especially in elderly, with an increasing number of people suffering from this disease worldwide. There are no available disease-modifying therapies and only four drugs are approved for the relief of symptoms. Currently, the therapeutic approach used for AD treatment is based on single target drugs, which are not capable to stop its progression. To address this issue, multi-target compounds, combining two or more pharmacophores in a single molecular entity, have gained increasing interest to deal with the multiple factors related to AD. The exact cause of AD is not yet completely disclosed, and several hallmarks have been associated to this neurodegenerative disease. Even though, the accumulation of both amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are fully accepted as the main AD hallmarks, being object of lots of research for early-stage diagnosis and pharmacological therapy. In this context, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field of dual-target inhibitors of both Aβ and tau aggregation simultaneously, including the design and synthetic strategy of the dual-target compounds, as well as a brief structure-activity relationships (SAR) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Malafaia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hélio M T Albuquerque
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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273
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Ando K, Houben S, Homa M, de Fisenne MA, Potier MC, Erneux C, Brion JP, Leroy K. Alzheimer's Disease: Tau Pathology and Dysfunction of Endocytosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:583755. [PMID: 33551742 PMCID: PMC7862548 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.583755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Houben
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mégane Homa
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Ange de Fisenne
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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274
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Liu Y, Subedi K, Baride A, Romanova S, Callegari E, Huber CC, Wang X, Wang H. Peripherally misfolded proteins exacerbate ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation and brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:29. [PMID: PMID:33472658 PMCID: PMC7818745 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein aggregates can be found in peripheral organs, such as the heart, kidney, and pancreas, but little is known about the impact of peripherally misfolded proteins on neuroinflammation and brain functional recovery following ischemic stroke. METHODS Here, we studied the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury in mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of a missense (R120G) mutant small heat shock protein, αB-crystallin (CryABR120G), by examining neuroinflammation and brain functional recovery following I/R in comparison to their non-transgenic (Ntg) littermates. To understand how peripherally misfolded proteins influence brain functionality, exosomes were isolated from CryABR120G and Ntg mouse blood and were used to treat wild-type (WT) mice and primary cortical neuron-glia mix cultures. Additionally, isolated protein aggregates from the brain following I/R were isolated and subjected to mass-spectrometric analysis to assess whether the aggregates contained the mutant protein, CryABR120G. To determine whether the CryABR120G misfolding can self-propagate, a misfolded protein seeding assay was performed in cell cultures. RESULTS Our results showed that CryABR120G mice exhibited dramatically increased infarct volume, delayed brain functional recovery, and enhanced neuroinflammation and protein aggregation in the brain following I/R when compared to the Ntg mice. Intriguingly, mass-spectrometric analysis of the protein aggregates isolated from CryABR120G mouse brains confirmed presence of the mutant CryABR120G protein in the brain. Importantly, intravenous administration of WT mice with the exosomes isolated from CryABR120G mouse blood exacerbated I/R-induced cerebral injury in WT mice. Moreover, incubation of the CryABR120G mouse exosomes with primary neuronal cultures induced pronounced protein aggregation. Transduction of CryABR120G aggregate seeds into cell cultures caused normal CryAB proteins to undergo dramatic aggregation and form large aggregates, suggesting self-propagation of CryABR120G misfolding in cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that peripherally misfolded proteins in the heart remotely enhance neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury following I/R likely through exosomes, which may represent an underappreciated mechanism underlying heart-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Kalpana Subedi
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Aravind Baride
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Svetlana Romanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Eduardo Callegari
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Christa C Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.
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275
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Veys L, Van Houcke J, Aerts J, Van Pottelberge S, Mahieu M, Coens A, Melki R, Moechars D, De Muynck L, De Groef L. Absence of Uptake and Prion-Like Spreading of Alpha-Synuclein and Tau After Intravitreal Injection of Preformed Fibrils. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:614587. [PMID: 33519421 PMCID: PMC7843377 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.614587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although very different in etiology and symptoms, numerous neurodegenerative diseases can be classified as proteinopathies. More so, evidence indicates that the key misfolded proteins at the basis of different neuropathies might share common mechanisms of propagation. As such, the prion-like spreading of protein aggregates through the neural network is subject of intensive research focus and requires adequate models. Here, we made use of the well-defined architecture and large accessibility of the visual system, of which the retinotopic connections represent a simple route of anterograde signaling and an elegant model to investigate transsynaptic, prion-like spreading. In two independent studies, uptake and seeding of alpha-synuclein and tau were examined after intravitreal injection of preformed fibrils. However, extracellular matrix components in the vitreous space and at the vitreoretinal surface appeared to act as a barrier for the entry of both fibrils into the retina. These results show that further experimental refinement is needed to fully realize the potential of the visual system as a model for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anterograde, transsynaptic spreading of prion-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Veys
- Laboratory Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessie Van Houcke
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Aerts
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Pottelberge
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Michel Mahieu
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Audrey Coens
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA-CNRS, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA-CNRS, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Dieder Moechars
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Louis De Muynck
- Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Laboratory Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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276
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Jankovska N, Olejar T, Kukal J, Matej R. Different Morphology of Neuritic Plaques in the Archicortex of Alzheimer's Disease with Comorbid Synucleinopathy: A Pilot Study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:948-958. [PMID: 33327912 DOI: 10.2174/1875692117999201215162043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulbous neuritic changes in neuritic plaques have already been described, and their possible effect on the clinical course of the disease has been discussed. OBJECTIVE In our study, we focused on the location and density of these structures in patients with only Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with AD in comorbidity with synucleinopathies. METHODS Utilizing immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we evaluated differences of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and the frequency of bulbous changes in the archicortex of 14 subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 10 subjects with the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD/DLB), and 4 subjects with Alzheimer's disease with amygdala Lewy bodies (AD/ALB). Also, the progression and density of neuritic changes over the time course of the disease were evaluated. RESULTS We found structural differences in bulbous dystrophic neurites more often in AD/DLB and AD/ALB than in pure AD cases. The bulbous neuritic changes were more prominent in the initial and progressive phases and were reduced in cases with a long clinical course. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a prominent difference in the shape and composition of neocortical and archicortical neuritic plaques and, moreover, that bulbous neuritic changes can be observed at a higher rate in AD/DLB and AD/ALB subjects compared to pure AD subjects. This observation probably reflects that these subacute changes are more easily seen in the faster clinical course of AD patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Jankovska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Olejar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Kukal
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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277
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Di J, Siddique I, Li Z, Malki G, Hornung S, Dutta S, Hurst I, Ishaaya E, Wang A, Tu S, Boghos A, Ericsson I, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G. The molecular tweezer CLR01 improves behavioral deficits and reduces tau pathology in P301S-tau transgenic mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:6. [PMID: 33397489 PMCID: PMC7784007 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular tweezers (MTs) are broad-spectrum inhibitors of abnormal protein aggregation. A lead MT, called CLR01, has been demonstrated to inhibit the aggregation and toxicity of multiple amyloidogenic proteins in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we evaluated the effect of CLR01 in the 3 × Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, which overexpresses mutant human presenilin 1, amyloid β-protein precursor, and tau and found that subcutaneous administration of the compound for 1 month led to a robust reduction of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and microgliosis. CLR01 also has been demonstrated to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro and tau seeding in cell culture, yet because in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the 3 × Tg model, tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation are thought to be downstream of Aβ insults, the study in this model left open the question whether CLR01 affected tau in vivo directly or indirectly. METHODS To determine if CLR01 could ameliorate tau pathology directly in vivo, we tested the compound similarly using the P301S-tau (line PS19) mouse model. Mice were administered 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg per day CLR01 and tested for muscle strength and behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and disinhibition-like behavior. Their brains then were analyzed by immunohistochemical and biochemical assays for pathological forms of tau, neurodegeneration, and glial pathology. RESULTS CLR01 treatment ameliorated muscle-strength deterioration, anxiety-, and disinhibition-like behavior. Improved phenotype was associated with decreased levels of pathologic tau forms, suggesting that CLR01 exerts a direct effect on tau in vivo. Limitations of the study included a relatively short treatment period of the mice at an age in which full pathology is not yet developed. In addition, high variability in this model lowered the statistical significance of the findings of some outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that CLR01 is a particularly attractive candidate for the treatment of AD because it targets simultaneously the two major pathogenic proteins instigating and propagating the disease, amyloid β-protein (Aβ), and tau, respectively. In addition, our study suggests that CLR01 can be used for the treatment of other tauopathies in the absence of amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Di
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ibrar Siddique
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Zizheng Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ghattas Malki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Simon Hornung
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA.,Present Address: Division of Peptide Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Suman Dutta
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ian Hurst
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ella Ishaaya
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Austin Wang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Sally Tu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ani Boghos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | - Ida Ericsson
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Gordon Neuroscience Research Building, Room 451, 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7334, USA. .,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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278
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Zhang J, Long B, Li A, Sun Q, Tian J, Luo T, Ding Z, Gong H, Li X. Whole-Brain Three-Dimensional Profiling Reveals Brain Region Specific Axon Vulnerability in 5xFAD Mouse Model. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:608177. [PMID: 33324177 PMCID: PMC7726261 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.608177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonopathy is a pathological feature observed in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models. However, identifying the temporal and regional progression of axonopathy during AD development remains elusive. Using the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system, we acquired whole-brain datasets in the early stage of 5xFAD/Thy1-GFP-M mice. We reported that among GFP labeled axons, GFP-positive axonopathy first formed in the lateral septal nucleus, subiculum, and medial mammillary nucleus. The axonopathy further increased in most brain regions during aging. However, most of the axonopathic varicosities disappeared significantly in the medial mammillary nucleus after 8 weeks old. Continuous three-dimensional datasets showed that axonopathy in the medial mammillary nucleus was mainly located on axons from hippocampal GFP-positive neurons. Using the rabies viral tracer in combination with immunohistochemistry, we found that axons in the medial mammillary nucleus from the subiculum were susceptible to lesions that prior to the occurrence of behavioral disorders. In conclusion, we created an early-stage spatiotemporal map of axonopathy in 5xFAD/Thy1-GFP-M mice and identified specific neural circuits which are vulnerable to axon lesions in an AD mouse model. These findings underline the importance of early interventions for AD, and may contribute to the understanding of its progression and its early symptom treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Long
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtao Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangheng Ding
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
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Sanchez-Mico MV, Jimenez S, Gomez-Arboledas A, Muñoz-Castro C, Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Sanchez-Mejias E, Nuñez-Diaz C, Sanchez-Varo R, Galea E, Davila JC, Vizuete M, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J. Amyloid-β impairs the phagocytosis of dystrophic synapses by astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2020; 69:997-1011. [PMID: 33283891 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes and dystrophic neurites, most aberrant presynaptic elements, are found surrounding amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously shown that reactive astrocytes enwrap, phagocytose, and degrade dystrophic synapses in the hippocampus of APP mice and AD patients, but affecting less than 7% of dystrophic neurites, suggesting reduced phagocytic capacity of astrocytes in AD. Here, we aimed to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the capacity of primary astrocyte cultures to phagocytose and degrade isolated synapses (synaptoneurosomes, SNs) from APP (containing dystrophic synapses and amyloid-β peptides), Tau (containing AT8- and AT100-positive phosphorylated Tau) and WT (controls) mice. We found highly reduced phagocytic and degradative capacity of SNs-APP, but not AT8/AT100-positive SNs-Tau, as compared with SNs-WT. The reduced astrocyte phagocytic capacity was verified in hippocampus from 12-month-old APP mice, since only 1.60 ± 3.81% of peri-plaque astrocytes presented phagocytic structures. This low phagocytic capacity did not depend on microglia-mediated astrocyte reactivity, because removal of microglia from the primary astrocyte cultures abrogated the expression of microglia-dependent genes in astrocytes, but did not affect the phagocytic impairment induced by oligomeric amyloid-β alone. Taken together, our data suggest that amyloid-β, but not hyperphosphorylated Tau, directly impairs the capacity of astrocytes to clear the pathological accumulation of oligomeric amyloid-β, as well as of peri-plaque dystrophic synapses containing amyloid-β, perhaps by reducing the expression of phagocytosis receptors such as Mertk and Megf10, thus increasing neuronal damage in AD. Therefore, the potentiation or recovery of astrocytic phagocytosis may be a novel therapeutic avenue in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Sanchez-Mico
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Romero-Molina
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Davila
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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280
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Di Meco A, Vassar R. Early detection and personalized medicine: Future strategies against Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 177:157-173. [PMID: 33453940 PMCID: PMC8641915 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and sixth cause of death in elderly adults. AD poses a huge economic burden on society and constitutes an unprecedented challenge for caregivers and families affected. Aging of the population is projected to drastically aggravate the situation in the near future. To date, no therapy is available to prevent or ameliorate the disease. Moreover, several clinical trials for promising therapeutic agents have failed. Lack of supporting biomarker data for pre-symptomatic enrollment and inaccurate stratification of patients based on genetic heterogeneity appear to be contributing factors to this lack of success. Recently, the treatment of cancer has seen enormous advances based on the personalized genetics and biomarkers of the individual patient, forming the foundation of precision medicine for cancer. Likewise, technological progress in AD biomarker research promises the availability of reliable assays for pathology staging on a routine basis relatively soon. Moreover, tremendous achievements in AD genetics and high-throughput genotyping technology allow identification of predisposing risk alleles accurately and on a large scale. Finally, availability of electronic health records (EHR) promises the opportunity to integrate biomarker, genomic and clinical data efficiently. Together, these advances will form the basis of precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meco
- Department of Neurology, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Robert Vassar
- Department of Neurology, Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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281
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Chami M, Checler F. Alterations of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Calcium Signaling Molecular Components in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122577. [PMID: 33271984 PMCID: PMC7760721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained imbalance in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) entry and clearance alters cellular integrity, ultimately leading to cellular homeostasis disequilibrium and cell death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Beside the major pathological features associated with AD-linked toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several studies suggested the contribution of altered Ca2+ handling in AD development. These studies documented physical or functional interactions of Aβ with several Ca2+ handling proteins located either at the plasma membrane or in intracellular organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), considered the major intracellular Ca2+ pool. In this review, we describe the cellular components of ER Ca2+ dysregulations likely responsible for AD. These include alterations of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors’ (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors’ (RyRs) expression and function, dysfunction of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and upregulation of its truncated isoform (S1T), as well as presenilin (PS1, PS2)-mediated ER Ca2+ leak/ER Ca2+ release potentiation. Finally, we highlight the functional consequences of alterations of these ER Ca2+ components in AD pathology and unravel the potential benefit of targeting ER Ca2+ homeostasis as a tool to alleviate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chami
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4939-53457; Fax: +33-4939-53408
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282
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Korte N, Nortley R, Attwell D. Cerebral blood flow decrease as an early pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:793-810. [PMID: 32865691 PMCID: PMC7666276 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapies targeting late events in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, have largely failed, probably because they are given after significant neuronal damage has occurred. Biomarkers suggest that the earliest event in AD is a decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is caused by constriction of capillaries by contractile pericytes, probably evoked by oligomeric Aβ. CBF is also reduced by neutrophil trapping in capillaries and clot formation, perhaps secondary to the capillary constriction. The fall in CBF potentiates neurodegeneration by upregulating the BACE1 enzyme that makes Aβ and by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation. Surprisingly, therefore, CBF reduction may play a crucial role in driving cognitive decline by initiating the amyloid cascade itself, or being caused by and amplifying Aβ production. Here, we review developments in this area that are neglected in current approaches to AD, with the aim of promoting novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Korte
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ross Nortley
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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283
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Zhang T, Han X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Mi Y, Gou X. Dietary Fatty Acid Factors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:887-904. [PMID: 33074226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain function disorder and chronic cognitive function impairment. The onset of AD is complex and is mostly attributed to interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and food consumption are likely to play indispensable functions in aged-related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people. An increasing number of epidemiological studies have linked dietary fatty acid factors to AD, raising the point of view that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in AD initiation and progression as well as in other central nervous system disorders. In this paper, we review the effects of the consumption of various dietary fatty acids on AD onset and progression and discuss the detrimental and beneficial effects of some typical fatty acids derived from dietary patterns on the pathology of AD. We outline these recent advances, and we recommend that healthy dietary lifestyles may contribute to preventing the occurrence and decreasing the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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284
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Li Z, Li K, Luo X, Zeng Q, Zhao S, Zhang B, Zhang M, Chen Y. Distinct Brain Functional Impairment Patterns Between Suspected Non-Alzheimer Disease Pathophysiology and Alzheimer's Disease: A Study Combining Static and Dynamic Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:550664. [PMID: 33328953 PMCID: PMC7719833 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.550664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) refers to the subjects who feature negative β-amyloid (Aβ) but positive tau or neurodegeneration biomarkers. It accounts for a quarter of the elderly population and is associated with cognitive decline. However, the underlying pathophysiology is still unclear. Methods: We included 111 non-demented subjects, then classified them into three groups using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ 1-42 (A), phosphorylated tau 181 (T), and total tau (N). Specifically, we identified the normal control (NC; subjects with normal biomarkers, A-T-N-), SNAP (subjects with normal amyloid but abnormal tau, A-T+), and predementia Alzheimer's disease (AD; subjects with abnormal amyloid and tau, A+T+). Then, we used the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (sALFF) and dynamic ALFF (dALFF) variance to reflect the intrinsic functional network strength and stability, respectively. Further, we performed a correlation analysis to explore the possible relationship between intrinsic brain activity changes and cognition. Results: SNAP showed decreased sALFF in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) while increased sALFF in left insula as compared to NC. Regarding the dynamic metric, SNAP showed a similarly decreased dALFF in the left SFG and left paracentral lobule as compared to NC. By contrast, when compared to NC, predementia AD showed decreased sALFF in left inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) and right precuneus, while increased sALFF in the left insula, with more widely distributed decreased dALFF variance across the frontal, parietal and occipital lobe. When directly compared to SNAP, predementia AD showed decreased sALFF in left middle occipital gyrus and IPG, while showing decreased dALFF variance in the left temporal pole. Further correlation analysis showed that increased sALFF in the insula had a negative correlation with the general cognition in the SNAP group. Besides, sALFF and dALFF variance in the right precuneus negatively correlated with attention in the predementia AD group. Conclusion: SNAP and predementia AD show distinct functional impairment patterns. Specifically, SNAP has functional impairments that are confined to the frontal region, which is usually spared in early-stage AD, while predementia AD exhibits widely distributed functional damage involving the frontal, parietal and occipital cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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285
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Laversenne V, Nazeeruddin S, Källstig EC, Colin P, Voize C, Schneider BL. Anti-Aβ antibodies bound to neuritic plaques enhance microglia activity and mitigate tau pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:198. [PMID: 33225991 PMCID: PMC7681991 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of both the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated forms of the tau protein. Initial Aβ deposition is considered to trigger a sequence of deleterious events contributing to tau pathology, neuroinflammation and ultimately causing the loss of synapses and neurons. To assess the effect of anti-Aβ immunization in this context, we generated a mouse model by overexpressing the human tau protein in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice. Aβ plaque deposition combined with human tau overexpression leads to an array of pathological manifestations including the formation of tau-positive dystrophic neurites and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau at the level of neuritic plaques. Remarkably, the presence of human tau reduces microglial clustering in proximity to the Aβ plaques, which may affect the barrier role of microglia. In this mouse model, continuous administration of anti-Aβ antibodies enhances the clustering of microglial cells even in the presence of tau. Anti-Aβ immunization increases plaque compaction, reduces the spread of tau in the hippocampal formation and prevents the formation of tau-positive dystrophic neurites. However, the treatment does not significantly reduce tau-induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus. These results highlight that anti-Aβ immunization is able to enhance microglial activity around neuritic plaques, mitigating part of the tau-induced pathological manifestations.
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286
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Lee HJ, Woo H, Lee HE, Jeon H, Ryu KY, Nam JH, Jeon SG, Park H, Lee JS, Han KM, Lee SM, Kim J, Kang RJ, Lee YH, Kim JI, Hoe HS. The novel DYRK1A inhibitor KVN93 regulates cognitive function, amyloid-beta pathology, and neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:575-595. [PMID: 32896600 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulating amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology and neuroinflammatory responses holds promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative and/or neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this study, the effects of KVN93, an inhibitor of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (DYRK1A), on cognitive function and Aβ plaque levels and the underlying mechanism of action were evaluated in 5x FAD mice (a mouse model of AD). KVN93 treatment significantly improved long-term memory by enhancing dendritic synaptic function. In addition, KVN93 significantly reduced Aβ plaque levels in 5x FAD mice by regulating levels of the Aβ degradation enzymes neprilysin (NEP) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Moreover, Aβ-induced microglial and astrocyte activation were significantly suppressed in the KVN-treated 5xFAD mice. KVN93 altered neuroinflammation induced by LPS in microglial cells but not primary astrocytes by regulating TLR4/AKT/STAT3 signaling, and in wild-type mice injected with LPS, KVN93 treatment reduced microglial and astrocyte activation. Overall, these results suggest that the novel DYRK1A inhibitor KVN93 is a potential therapeutic drug for regulating cognitive/synaptic function, Aβ plaque load, and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Hanwoong Woo
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Ha-Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
| | - Hyongjun Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Ka-Young Ryu
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - HyunHee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Soo Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Han
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28119, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea; Neurovascular Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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287
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Dominguez-Meijide A, Vasili E, Outeiro TF. Pharmacological Modulators of Tau Aggregation and Spreading. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E858. [PMID: 33203009 PMCID: PMC7696562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of aggregates composed of abnormal tau protein in the brain. Additionally, misfolded forms of tau can propagate from cell to cell and throughout the brain. This process is thought to lead to the templated misfolding of the native forms of tau, and thereby, to the formation of newer toxic aggregates, thereby propagating the disease. Therefore, modulation of the processes that lead to tau aggregation and spreading is of utmost importance in the fight against tauopathies. In recent years, several molecules have been developed for the modulation of tau aggregation and spreading. In this review, we discuss the processes of tau aggregation and spreading and highlight selected chemicals developed for the modulation of these processes, their usefulness, and putative mechanisms of action. Ultimately, a stronger understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, and the properties of the substances developed to modulate them, will lead to the development of safer and better strategies for the treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Meijide
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.D.-M.); (E.V.)
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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288
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Forloni G. Alzheimer's disease: from basic science to precision medicine approach. BMJ Neurol Open 2020; 2:e000079. [PMID: 33681801 PMCID: PMC7903168 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Together with cerebral amyloid accumulation, several factors contribute to AD pathology including vascular alterations, systemic inflammation, genetic/epigenetic status and mitochondrial dysfunction. Much is now being devoted to neuroinflammation. However, anti-inflammatory drugs as numerous other therapies, mainly targeted on β-amyloid, have failed to show efficacious effects in AD. Timing, proper selection of patients, and the need for a multitarget approach appear to be the main weak points of current therapeutic efforts. The efficacy of a treatment could be better evaluate if efficient biomarkers are available. We propose here the application of precision medicine principles in AD to simultaneously verify the efficacy of a treatment and the reliability of specific biomarkers according to individually tailored biomarker-guided targeted therapies. People at risk of developing AD or in the very early phase of the disease should be stratified according to: (1) neuropsychological tests; (2) apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping; (3) biochemical analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); (4) MRI and positron emission tomography and (5) assessment of their inflammatory profile by an integration of various genetic and biochemical parameters in plasma, CSF and an analysis of microbiota composition. The selected population should be treated with antiamyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory drugs in randomised, longitudinal, placebo-controlled studies using ad hoc profiles (eg, vascular profile, mitochondrial profile, etc…) If these criteria are adopted widely and the results shared, it may be possible to rapidly develop innovative and personalised drug treatment protocols with more realistic chances of being efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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289
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Gong P, Chen YQ, Lin AH, Zhang HB, Zhang Y, Ye RD, Yu Y. p47 phox deficiency improves cognitive impairment and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models of AD. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:146. [PMID: 33183342 PMCID: PMC7659091 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. The aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two major pathological features of AD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) has been indicated in Aβ pathology; however, whether and how it affects tau pathology are not yet clear. Methods The role of NOX2 in cognitive function, amyloid plaque formation, and tau hyperphosphorylation were examined in APP/PS1 transgenic mice mated with p47phox-deficient mice (with deletion of the gene of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Ncf1) and/or in p47phox-deficient mice receiving intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The cognitive and non-cognitive functions in these mice were assessed by Morris water maze, Rotarod test, open field, and elevated plus maze. Aβ levels, amyloid plaques, p47phox expression, and astrocyte activation were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, and/or Western blotting. Cultured primary neuronal cells were treated with okadaic acid or conditioned media (CM) from high glucose-stimulated primary astrocytes. The alteration in tau pathology was determined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results Deletion of the gene coding for p47phox, the organizer subunit of NOX2, significantly attenuated cognitive impairment and tau pathology in these mice. p47phox deficiency decreased the activation of astrocytes but had no effect on Aβ levels and amyloid plaque formation in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice, which displayed markedly increased expression of p47phox in neurons and astrocytes. Cell culture studies found that neuronal p47phox deletion attenuated okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at specific sites in primary cultures of neurons. CM from high glucose-treated WT astrocytes increased tau hyperphosphorylation in primary neurons, whereas this effect was absent from p47phox-deficient astrocytes. Conclusions These results suggest that p47phox is associated with cognitive function and tau pathology in AD. p47phox expressed in neurons contributes to tau hyperphosphorylation directly, while p47phox in astrocytes affect tau hyperphosphorylation by activating astrocytes indirectly. Our results provide new insights into the role of NOX2 in AD and indicate that targeted inhibition of p47phox may be a new strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ai-Hua Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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290
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Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040221. [PMID: 33187336 PMCID: PMC7712586 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker-guided approach, through the implementation of specific fluid biomarkers individually reflecting distinct molecular pathways in the brain, may help establish a proper clinical diagnosis, even in its preclinical stages. Recently, ultrasensitive assays may detect different neurodegenerative mechanisms in blood earlier. ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) measured in blood are gaining momentum as candidate biomarkers for AD. P-tau is currently the more convincing plasma biomarker for the diagnostic workup of AD. The clinical role of plasma Aβ peptides should be better elucidated with further studies that also compare the accuracy of the different ultrasensitive techniques. Blood NFL is promising as a proxy of neurodegeneration process tout court. Protein misfolding amplification assays can accurately detect α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus representing advancement in the pathologic stratification of AD. In CSF, neurogranin and YKL-40 are further candidate biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption and neuroinflammation, which are additional key pathophysiological pathways related to AD genesis. Advanced statistical analysis using clinical scores and biomarker data to bring together individuals with AD from large heterogeneous cohorts into consistent clusters may promote the discovery of pathophysiological causes and detection of tailored treatments.
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291
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Bell BJ, Malvankar MM, Tallon C, Slusher BS. Sowing the Seeds of Discovery: Tau-Propagation Models of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3499-3509. [PMID: 33050700 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The propagation of pathological proteins throughout the brain is the primary physiological hallmark of the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A growing body of evidence indicates that hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins are spread transcellularly between neurons in a prionlike fashion, inducing misfolding and aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles which accumulate along specific connectivity pathways. Earlier transgenic rodent AD models did not capture this disease-relevant spread, and therefore, seeded Tau-propagation models have been developed. Here, mutant human Tau (as isolated protein or packaged into an adeno-associated virus (AAV) viral vector) is stereotaxically injected into select brain regions and its histopathological propagation to downstream neurons quantified. These models offer a faster and more direct mechanism to evaluate genetic components and therapeutic approaches which attenuate Tau spreading in vivo. Recently, these Tau-seeding models have revealed several new targets for AD drug discovery, including nSMase2, SIRT1, p300/CBP, LRP1, and TYROBP, as well as the potential therapeutics based on melatonin and chondroitinase ABC. Importantly, these Tau-propagation rodent models more closely phenocopy the progression of AD in humans and are therefore likely to improve preclinical studies and derisk future moves into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Bell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Medhinee M. Malvankar
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Carolyn Tallon
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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292
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Gibbons GS, Kim SJ, Wu Q, Riddle DM, Leight SN, Changolkar L, Xu H, Meymand ES, O'Reilly M, Zhang B, Brunden KR, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Conformation-selective tau monoclonal antibodies inhibit tau pathology in primary neurons and a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:64. [PMID: 33148293 PMCID: PMC7643305 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mediated by cell-to-cell transmission of pathological tau seeds released from neurons that, upon internalization by recipient neurons, template the misfolding of naïve cellular tau, thereby propagating fibrillization. We hypothesize that anti-tau monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that selectively bind to pathological tau seeds will inhibit propagation of tau aggregates and reduce the spread of tau pathology in vivo. Methods We inoculated mice with human AD brain-derived extracts containing tau paired helical filaments (AD-tau) and identified two novel mAbs, DMR7 and SKT82, that selectively bind to a misfolded pathological conformation of tau relative to recombinant tau monomer. To evaluate the effects of these mAbs on the spread of pathological tau in vivo, 5xFAD mice harboring significant brain Aβ plaque burden were unilaterally injected with AD-tau in the hippocampus, to initiate the formation of neuritic plaque (NP) tau pathology, and were treated weekly with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of DMR7, SKT82, or IgG isotype control mAbs. Results DMR7 and SKT82 bind epitopes comprised of the proline-rich domain and c-terminal region of tau and binding is reduced upon disruption of the pathological conformation of AD-tau by chemical and thermal denaturation. We found that both DMR7 and SKT82 immunoprecipitate pathological tau and significantly reduce the seeding of cellular tau aggregates induced by AD-tau in primary neurons by 60.5 + 13.8% and 82.2 + 8.3%, respectively, compared to IgG control. To investigate the mechanism of mAb inhibition, we generated pH-sensitive fluorophore-labeled recombinant tau fibrils seeded by AD-tau to track internalization of tau seeds and demonstrate that the conformation-selective tau mAbs inhibit the internalization of tau seeds. DMR7 and SKT82 treatment reduced hyperphosphorylated NP tau as measured with AT8 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, but did not achieve statistical significance in the contralateral cortex and SKT82 significantly reduced tau pathology in the ipsilateral hippocampus by 24.2%; p = 0.044. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that conformation-selective tau mAbs, DMR7 and SKT82, inhibit tau pathology in primary neurons by preventing the uptake of tau seeds and reduce tau pathology in vivo, providing potential novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of AD. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13024-020-00404-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Gibbons
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qihui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dawn M Riddle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susan N Leight
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Meymand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mia O'Reilly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St. 3 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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293
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The inhibition of LSD1 via sequestration contributes to tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29133-29143. [PMID: 33139560 PMCID: PMC7682552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013552117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological tau. Despite many advances in our understanding of these diseases, the direct mechanism through which tau contributes to neurodegeneration remains poorly understood. Previously, our laboratory implicated the histone demethylase LSD1 in tau-induced neurodegeneration by showing that LSD1 localizes to pathological tau aggregates in Alzheimer's disease cases, and that it is continuously required for the survival of hippocampal and cortical neurons in mice. Here, we utilize the P301S tauopathy mouse model to demonstrate that pathological tau can exclude LSD1 from the nucleus in neurons. In addition, we show that reducing LSD1 in these mice is sufficient to highly exacerbate tau-mediated neurodegeneration and tau-induced gene expression changes. Finally, we find that overexpressing LSD1 in the hippocampus of tauopathy mice, even after pathology has formed, is sufficient to significantly delay neurodegeneration and counteract tau-induced expression changes. These results suggest that inhibiting LSD1 via sequestration contributes to tau-mediated neurodegeneration. Thus, LSD1 is a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease.
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294
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Liu M, Sui D, Dexheimer T, Hovde S, Deng X, Wang KW, Lin HL, Chien HT, Kweon HK, Kuo NS, Ayoub CA, Jimenez-Harrison D, Andrews PC, Kwok R, Bochar DA, Kuret J, Fortin J, Tsay YG, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylation Renders Tau Prone to Aggregate and to Cause Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4704-4719. [PMID: 32780352 PMCID: PMC7530023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder without a cure or prevention to date. Hyperphosphorylated tau forms the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that correlate well with the progression of cognitive impairments. Animal studies demonstrated the pathogenic role of hyperphosphorylated tau. Understanding how abnormal phosphorylation renders a normal tau prone to form toxic fibrils is key to delineating molecular pathology and to developing efficacious drugs for AD. Production of a tau bearing the disease-relevant hyperphosphorylation and molecular characters is a pivotal step. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) with strong relevance to disease. P-tau generated by the PIMAX approach resulted in phosphorylation at multiple epitopes linked to the progression of AD neuropathology. In stark contrast to unmodified tau that required an aggregation inducer, and which had minimal effects on cell functions, p-tau formed inducer-free fibrils that triggered a spike of mitochondrial superoxide, induced apoptosis, and caused cell death at sub-micromolar concentrations. P-tau-induced apoptosis was suppressed by inhibitors for reactive oxygen species. Hyperphosphorylation apparently caused rapid formation of a disease-related conformation. In both aggregation and cytotoxicity, p-tau exhibited seeding activities that converted the unmodified tau into a cytotoxic species with an increased propensity for fibrillization. These characters of p-tau are consistent with the emerging view that hyperphosphorylation causes tau to become an aggregation-prone and cytotoxic species that underlies diffusible pathology in AD and other tauopathies. Our results further suggest that p-tau affords a feasible tool for Alzheimer's disease mechanistic and drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stacy Hovde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xiexiong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hsin Lian Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Hsiao-Tien Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Hye Kyong Kweon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nora Sheen Kuo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher A Ayoub
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Jimenez-Harrison
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip C Andrews
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roland Kwok
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jeff Kuret
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Fortin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Abstract
Prions were initially discovered in studies of scrapie, a transmissible neurodegenerative disease (ND) of sheep and goats thought to be caused by slow viruses. Once scrapie was transmitted to rodents, it was discovered that the scrapie pathogen resisted inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids. Eventually, this novel pathogen proved to be a protein of 209 amino acids, which is encoded by a chromosomal gene. After the absence of a nucleic acid within the scrapie agent was established, the mechanism of infectivity posed a conundrum and eliminated a hypothetical virus. Subsequently, the infectious scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) enriched for β-sheet was found to be generated from the cellular prion protein (PrPC) that is predominantly α-helical. The post-translational process that features in nascent prion formation involves a templated conformational change in PrPC that results in an infectious copy of PrPSc. Thus, prions are proteins that adopt alternative conformations, which are self-propagating and found in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Prions have been found in both Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Mutations in APP and α-synuclein genes have been shown to cause familial AD and PD. Recently, AD was found to be a double prion disorder: both Aβ and tau prions feature in this ND. Increasing evidence argues for α-synuclein prions as the cause of PD, multiple system atrophy, and Lewy body dementia.
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296
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Yang SY, Liu HC, Chen WP. Immunomagnetic Reduction Detects Plasma Aβ 1-42 Levels as a Potential Dominant Indicator Predicting Cognitive Decline. Neurol Ther 2020; 9:435-442. [PMID: 33090326 PMCID: PMC7606390 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concentrations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42 and tau protein are very low in human plasma, ultrasensitive assays such as immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) are able to precisely quantify them. Review articles have described the detailed working mechanism of IMR and revealed the feasibility of detecting early-stage AD by assaying these plasma biomarkers with IMR. In this review, we aimed to compare the significance of these plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline in patients with Down syndrome, stroke, or amnestic mild cognitive impairment based on findings in the literature. We found that plasma Aβ1–42 might play the predominant role in predicting cognitive decline in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. .,MagQu LLC, Surprise, AZ, 85378, USA.
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297
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Liu M, Dexheimer T, Sui D, Hovde S, Deng X, Kwok R, Bochar DA, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated tau aggregation and cytotoxicity modulators screen identified prescription drugs linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive functions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16551. [PMID: 33024171 PMCID: PMC7539012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 30 million people worldwide. There is thus far no cure or prevention for AD. Aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain correlates with the cognitive decline of patients of AD and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. Intracerebral injection of tau aggregates isolated from tauopathy brains causes similar pathology in the recipient mice, demonstrating the pathogenic role of abnormally phosphorylated tau. Compounds controlling the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau therefore are probable modulators for the disease. Here we report the use of recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) to identify potential tauopathy therapeutics and risk factors. Hyperphosphorylation renders tau prone to aggregate and to impair cell viability. Taking advantage of these two characters of p-tau, we performed a screen of a 1280-compound library, and tested a selective group of prescription drugs in p-tau aggregation and cytotoxicity assays. R-(-)-apomorphine and raloxifene were found to be p-tau aggregation inhibitors that protected p-tau-treated cells. In contrast, a subset of benzodiazepines exacerbated p-tau cytotoxicity apparently via enhancing p-tau aggregation. R-(-)apomorphine and raloxifene have been shown to improve cognition in animals or in humans, whereas benzodiazepines were linked to increased risks of dementia. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using hyperphosphorylated tau-based assays for AD drug discovery and risk factor identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dexin Sui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stacy Hovde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xiexiong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Roland Kwok
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 401, Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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298
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Thompson TB, Chaggar P, Kuhl E, Goriely A. Protein-protein interactions in neurodegenerative diseases: A conspiracy theory. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008267. [PMID: 33048932 PMCID: PMC7584458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are associated with the prion-like propagation and aggregation of toxic proteins. A long standing hypothesis that amyloid-beta drives Alzheimer's disease has proven the subject of contemporary controversy; leading to new research in both the role of tau protein and its interaction with amyloid-beta. Conversely, recent work in mathematical modeling has demonstrated the relevance of nonlinear reaction-diffusion type equations to capture essential features of the disease. Such approaches have been further simplified, to network-based models, and offer researchers a powerful set of computationally tractable tools with which to investigate neurodegenerative disease dynamics. Here, we propose a novel, coupled network-based model for a two-protein system that includes an enzymatic interaction term alongside a simple model of aggregate transneuronal damage. We apply this theoretical model to test the possible interactions between tau proteins and amyloid-beta and study the resulting coupled behavior between toxic protein clearance and proteopathic phenomenology. Our analysis reveals ways in which amyloid-beta and tau proteins may conspire with each other to enhance the nucleation and propagation of different diseases, thus shedding new light on the importance of protein clearance and protein interaction mechanisms in prion-like models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavanjit Chaggar
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Living Matter Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Darwich NF, Phan JM, Kim B, Suh E, Papatriantafyllou JD, Changolkar L, Nguyen AT, O'Rourke CM, He Z, Porta S, Gibbons GS, Luk KC, Papageorgiou SG, Grossman M, Massimo L, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Nasrallah IM, Toro C, Aguirre GK, Van Deerlin VM, Lee EB. Autosomal dominant VCP hypomorph mutation impairs disaggregation of PHF-tau. Science 2020; 370:science.aay8826. [PMID: 33004675 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely associated with the accumulation of pathologic tau aggregates in the form of neurofibrillary tangles. We found that a p.Asp395Gly mutation in VCP (valosin-containing protein) was associated with dementia characterized neuropathologically by neuronal vacuoles and neurofibrillary tangles. Moreover, VCP appeared to exhibit tau disaggregase activity in vitro, which was impaired by the p.Asp395Gly mutation. Additionally, intracerebral microinjection of pathologic tau led to increased tau aggregates in mice in which p.Asp395Gly VCP mice was knocked in, as compared with injected wild-type mice. These findings suggest that p.Asp395Gly VCP is an autosomal-dominant genetic mutation associated with neurofibrillary degeneration in part owing to reduced tau disaggregation, raising the possibility that VCP may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil F Darwich
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Phan
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Boram Kim
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - John D Papatriantafyllou
- Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for Third Age "IASIS," Athens, Greece
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Aivi T Nguyen
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Caroline M O'Rourke
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Zhuohao He
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Garrett S Gibbons
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- First University Department of Neurology, Eginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Massimo
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Ilya M Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey K Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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300
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Jaunmuktane Z, Brandner S. Invited Review: The role of prion-like mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:522-545. [PMID: 31868945 PMCID: PMC7687189 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prototype of transmissible neurodegenerative proteinopathies is prion diseases, characterized by aggregation of abnormally folded conformers of the native prion protein. A wealth of mechanisms has been proposed to explain the conformational conversion from physiological protein into misfolded, pathological form, mode of toxicity, propagation from cell-to-cell and regional spread. There is increasing evidence that other neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer's disease (Aβ and tau), Parkinson's disease (α-synuclein), frontotemporal dementia (TDP43, tau or FUS) and motor neurone disease (TDP43), exhibit at least some of the misfolded prion protein properties. In this review, we will discuss to what extent each of the properties of misfolded prion protein is known to occur for Aβ, tau, α-synuclein and TDP43, with particular focus on self-propagation through seeding, conformational strains, selective cellular and regional vulnerability, stability and resistance to inactivation, oligomers, toxicity and summarize the most recent literature on transmissibility of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Jaunmuktane
- Division of NeuropathologyNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London NHS Foundation Trust
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders
| | - S. Brandner
- Division of NeuropathologyNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity College London NHS Foundation Trust
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseaseQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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