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Boeltz S, Amini P, Anders HJ, Andrade F, Bilyy R, Chatfield S, Cichon I, Clancy DM, Desai J, Dumych T, Dwivedi N, Gordon RA, Hahn J, Hidalgo A, Hoffmann MH, Kaplan MJ, Knight JS, Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P, Leppkes M, Manfredi AA, Martin SJ, Maueröder C, Maugeri N, Mitroulis I, Munoz LE, Nakazawa D, Neeli I, Nizet V, Pieterse E, Radic MZ, Reinwald C, Ritis K, Rovere-Querini P, Santocki M, Schauer C, Schett G, Shlomchik MJ, Simon HU, Skendros P, Stojkov D, Vandenabeele P, Berghe TV, van der Vlag J, Vitkov L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Yousefi S, Zarbock A, Herrmann M. To NET or not to NET:current opinions and state of the science regarding the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:395-408. [PMID: 30622307 PMCID: PMC6370810 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery and definition of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) 14 years ago, numerous characteristics and physiological functions of NETs have been uncovered. Nowadays, the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate formation of NETs, their previously unknown properties, and novel implications in disease continue to emerge. The abundance of available data has also led to some confusion in the NET research community due to contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, such as pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in pathologic conditions, demarcation from other forms of cell death, or the origin of the DNA that forms the NET scaffold. Here, we present prevailing concepts and state of the science in NET-related research and elaborate on open questions and areas of dispute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boeltz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Poorya Amini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Simon Chatfield
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iwona Cichon
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nishant Dwivedi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael Ann Gordon
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pulmonology and Endocrinology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christiane Reinwald
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Michal Santocki
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Jay Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem platform, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- University of Münster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Al-Harbi NO, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Alanazi MM, Aldossari AA, Alasmari F. Amelioration of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in dendritic cells and neutrophils respectively in mice: Role of spleen tyrosine kinase signaling. Biochimie 2019; 158:102-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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253
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Hu Q, Shi H, Zeng T, Liu H, Su Y, Cheng X, Ye J, Yin Y, Liu M, Zheng H, Wu X, Chi H, Zhou Z, Jia J, Sun Y, Teng J, Yang C. Increased neutrophil extracellular traps activate NLRP3 and inflammatory macrophages in adult-onset Still's disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:9. [PMID: 30616678 PMCID: PMC6323819 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by neutrophilia and NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage activation. We investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of AOSD, and explored the effect of NETs on activating NLRP3 inflammasome and proinflammatory macrophages. Methods The sera of 73 AOSD patients and 40 healthy controls were used to detect the level of cell-free DNA and NET-DNA complexes. NET formation ex vivo was analyzed using immunofluorescence and flow plates. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 cells and proinflammatory macrophages stimulated with DNA purified from NETs was measured using RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Results The levels of cell-free DNA and NET-DNA complexes were significantly increased in the circulation of patients with AOSD compared with healthy controls, and freshly isolated neutrophils from patients with AOSD were predisposed to high levels of spontaneous NET release. Interestingly, enhanced NET release was abrogated with NADPH oxidase inhibitors and a mitochondrial scavenger. Furthermore, DNA purified from AOSD NETs activated NLRP3 inflammasomes. NET DNA from AOSD also exerted a potent capacity to accelerate the activation of CD68+CD86+ macrophages and increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Finally, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in NETs and plasma was significantly increased in AOSD patients, suggesting that mtDNA may be involved in the activation of NLRP3 and inflammatory macrophages. Conclusions These findings implicate accelerated NET formation in AOSD pathogenesis through activation of NLRP3 and proinflammatory macrophages, and identify a novel link between neutrophils and macrophages by NET formation in AOSD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1800-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yutong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobing Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junna Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huihui Chi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhuochao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinchao Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jialin Teng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chengde Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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254
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Nakazawa D, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A. Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 15:91-101. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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255
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Ley K, Hoffman HM, Kubes P, Cassatella MA, Zychlinsky A, Hedrick CC, Catz SD. Neutrophils: New insights and open questions. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaat4579. [PMID: 30530726 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacteria and fungi and help combat parasites and viruses. They are necessary for mammalian life, and their failure to recover after myeloablation is fatal. Neutrophils are short-lived, effective killing machines. Their life span is significantly extended under infectious and inflammatory conditions. Neutrophils take their cues directly from the infectious organism, from tissue macrophages and other elements of the immune system. Here, we review how neutrophils traffic to sites of infection or tissue injury, how they trap and kill bacteria, how they shape innate and adaptive immune responses, and the pathophysiology of monogenic neutrophil disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 4, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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256
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van Dam LS, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C, Teng YKO. Clinical Implications of Excessive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Renal Autoimmune Diseases. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 4:196-211. [PMID: 30775617 PMCID: PMC6365354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular DNA structures covered with antimicrobial peptides, danger molecules, and autoantigens that can be released by neutrophils. NETs are an important first-line defense mechanism against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, but they can also play a role in autoimmune diseases. NETs are immunogenic and toxic structures that are recognized by the autoantibodies of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies−associated vasculitis (AAV) (i.e., against myeloperoxidase or proteinase-3) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (i.e., against double-stranded DNA, histones, or nucleosomes). There is cumulating preclinical and clinical evidence that both excessive formation and impaired degradation of NETs are involved in the pathophysiology of AAV and SLE. These autoimmune diseases give rise to 2 clinically and pathologically distinct forms of glomerulonephritis (GN), respectively, crescentic pauci-immune GN and immune complex−mediated GN. Therefore, it is relevant to understand the different roles NET formation can play in the pathophysiology of these most prevalent renal autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current concepts on the role of NET formation in the pathophysiology of AAV and SLE, and provides a translational perspective on the clinical implications of NETs, such as potential therapeutic approaches that target NET formation in these renal autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S van Dam
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y K Onno Teng
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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257
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PD-1 immunobiology in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:1-9. [PMID: 30396745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death (PD)-1 receptors and their ligands have been identified in the pathogenesis and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two key pathways, toll-like receptor and type I interferon, are significant to SLE pathogenesis and modulate the expression of PD-1 and the ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) through activation of NF-κB and/or STAT1. These cell signals are regulated by tyrosine kinase (Tyro, Axl, Mer) receptors (TAMs) that are aberrantly activated in SLE. STAT1 and NF-κB also exhibit crosstalk with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Ligands to AHR are identified in SLE etiology and pathogenesis. These ligands also regulate the activity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is an identified factor in SLE and PD-1 immunobiology. AHR is important in the maintenance of immune tolerance and the development of distinct immune subsets, highlighting a potential role of AHR in PD-1 immunobiology. Understanding the functions of AHR ligands as well as AHR crosstalk with STAT1, NF-κB, and EBV may provide insight into disease development, the PD-1 axis and immunotherapies that target PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1.
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258
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Yang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Er-Wei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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259
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Podolska MJ, Mahajan A, Knopf J, Hahn J, Boeltz S, Munoz L, Bilyy R, Herrmann M. Autoimmune, rheumatic, chronic inflammatory diseases: Neutrophil extracellular traps on parade. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:281-287. [PMID: 30369262 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1519804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are a group of inflammatory conditions that affect joints and connective tissues and are often accompanied by pain and restriction of motility. In many of these diseases, autoantibodies develop that react with molecules/structures commonly found hidden in neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and release is considered a defense mechanism against pathogens or endogenous danger signals and it has been associated with initial inflammatory responses. NETs are also endowed with an important resolution potential based on its intrinsic enzymatic activity, but in the case they are not timely removed from the crime scene they might modulate subsequent immune responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will summarize the actual knowledge about the multifaceted roles of NETs in the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Justyna Podolska
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jonas Hahn
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Boeltz
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Luis Munoz
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- b Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Martin Herrmann
- a Department of Internal Medicine 3- Rheumatology and Immunology , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
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Kim EH, Wong SW, Martinez J. Programmed Necrosis and Disease:We interrupt your regular programming to bring you necroinflammation. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:25-40. [PMID: 30349078 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the tidy and immunologically silent death during apoptosis, necrosis seems like a chaotic and unorganized demise. However, we now recognize that there is a method to its madness, as many forms of necrotic cell death are indeed programmed and function beyond lytic cell death to support homeostasis and immunity. Inherently more immunogenic than their apoptotic counterpart, programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis, releases inflammatory cytokines and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), skewing the milieu to a pro-inflammatory state. Moreover, impaired clearance of dead cells often leads to inflammation. Importantly, these pathways have all been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, therefore careful understanding of their molecular mechanisms can have long lasting effects on how we interpret their role in disease and how we translate these mechanisms into therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Ho Kim
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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261
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Zhou Y, An LL, Chaerkady R, Mittereder N, Clarke L, Cohen TS, Chen B, Hess S, Sims GP, Mustelin T. Evidence for a direct link between PAD4-mediated citrullination and the oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15228. [PMID: 30323221 PMCID: PMC6189209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for the defense against pathogens, in part through the extrusion of extracellular DNA traps, phagocytosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Neutrophils may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the activation of protein arginine deiminases (PADs) that citrullinate proteins that subsequently act as autoantigens. We report that PAD4 is physically associated with the cytosolic subunits of the oxidative burst machinery, p47phox (also known as neutrophil cytosol factor 1, NCF1) and p67phox (NCF2). Activation of PAD4 by membranolytic insults that result in high levels of intracellular calcium (higher than physiological neutrophil activation) leads to rapid citrullination of p47phox/NCF1 and p67phox/NCF2, as well as their dissociation from PAD4. This dissociation prevents the assembly of an active NADPH oxidase complex and an oxidative burst in neutrophils stimulated by phorbol-ester or immune complexes. In further support of a substrate-to-inactive enzyme interaction, small-molecule PAD inhibitors also disrupt the PAD4-NCF complex and reduce oxidase activation and phagocytic killing of Staphylococcus aureus. This novel role of PAD4 in the regulation of neutrophil physiology suggests that targeting PAD4 with active site inhibitors for the treatment of RA may have a broader impact on neutrophil biology than just inhibition of citrullination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Ling-Ling An
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Nanette Mittereder
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Lori Clarke
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Taylor S Cohen
- Department of Microbial Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States
| | - Gary P Sims
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States.
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, United States. .,Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA98109, United States.
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262
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Costa S, Bevilacqua D, Cassatella MA, Scapini P. Recent advances on the crosstalk between neutrophils and B or T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 156:23-32. [PMID: 30259972 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of literature supports a role for neutrophils as players in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. During acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, neutrophils rapidly migrate not only to sites of inflammation, but also to draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they engage bidirectional interactions with B- and T-lymphocyte subsets. Accordingly, a relevant role of neutrophils in modulating B-cell responses under homeostatic conditions has recently emerged. Moreover, specialized immunoregulatory properties towards B or T cells acquired by distinct neutrophil populations, originating under pathological conditions, have been consistently described. In this article, we summarize the most recent data from human studies and murine models on the ability of neutrophils to modulate adaptive immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions and the mechanisms behind these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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263
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Miani M, Le Naour J, Waeckel-Enée E, Verma SC, Straube M, Emond P, Ryffel B, van Endert P, Sokol H, Diana J. Gut Microbiota-Stimulated Innate Lymphoid Cells Support β-Defensin 14 Expression in Pancreatic Endocrine Cells, Preventing Autoimmune Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 28:557-572.e6. [PMID: 30017352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for the normal function of the gut immune system, and microbiota alterations are associated with autoimmune disorders. However, how the gut microbiota prevents autoimmunity in distant organs remains poorly defined. Here we reveal that gut microbiota conditioned innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) induce the expression of mouse β-defensin 14 (mBD14) by pancreatic endocrine cells, preventing autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. MBD14 stimulates, via Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-secreting B cells that induce regulatory macrophages, which in turn induce protective regulatory T cells. The gut microbiota-derived molecules, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands and butyrate, promote IL-22 secretion by pancreatic ILCs, which induce expression of mBD14 by endocrine cells. Dysbiotic microbiota and low-affinity AHR allele explain the defective pancreatic expression of mBD14 observed in NOD mice. Our study reveals a yet unidentified crosstalk between ILCs and endocrine cells in the pancreas that is essential for the prevention of autoimmune diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Miani
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Waeckel-Enée
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Subash Chand Verma
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Sorbonne Universités, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP) Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, 3B, Orleans, France; IDM, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Universités, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP) Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France; Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Diana
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
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264
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Hasegawa J, Wakai S, Kono M, Imaizumi Y, Masuda S, Ishizu A, Honda K. An Autopsy Case of Myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (MPO-ANCA)-associated Vasculitis Accompanied by Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis Affecting the Kidneys, Skin, and Gastrointestinal Tract. Intern Med 2018; 57:2739-2745. [PMID: 29709950 PMCID: PMC6191583 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0720-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) rarely coexist. An 83-year-old woman was admitted with rapidly progressive renal failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and purpura with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA positivity and cryoglobulinemia. Despite intensive immunosuppressive treatment, she died of aspergillus pneumonia. Autopsy revealed necrotizing crescentic glomerulitis in the majority of the glomeruli, accompanied by partially membranoproliferative-like glomerular changes. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the glomeruli and cutaneous arteries. These pathological findings suggested that MPO-AAV and/or CV caused NET formation, leading to lethal systemic vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Okubo Hospital, Japan
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Sachiko Wakai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Okubo Hospital, Japan
| | - Momoko Kono
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Okubo Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imaizumi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Okubo Hospital, Japan
| | - Sakiko Masuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
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265
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Reshetnikov V, Hahn J, Maueröder C, Czegley C, Munoz LE, Herrmann M, Hoffmann MH, Mokhir A. Chemical Tools for Targeted Amplification of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1827. [PMID: 30150984 PMCID: PMC6099268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of chemical compounds are known, which amplify the availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. They can be roughly classified into NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent and NOX2-independent reagents. NOX2 activation is triggered by protein kinase C agonists (e.g., phorbol esters, transition metal ions), redox mediators (e.g., paraquat) or formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonists (e.g., aromatic hydrazine derivatives). NOX2-independent mechanisms are realized by reagents affecting glutathione homeostasis (e.g., l-buthionine sulfoximine), modulators of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (e.g., ionophores, inositol mimics, and agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) and chemical ROS amplifiers [e.g., aminoferrocene-based prodrugs (ABPs)]. Since a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and bacterial infections, are triggered or enhanced by aberrant ROS production in neutrophils, it is tempting to use ROS amplifiers as drugs for the treatment of these diseases. However, since the known reagents are not cell specific, their application for treatment likely causes systemic enhancement of oxidative stress, leading to severe side effects. Cell-targeted ROS enhancement can be achieved either by using conjugates of ROS amplifiers with ligands binding to receptors expressed on neutrophils (e.g., the GPI-anchored myeloid differentiation marker Ly6G or FPR) or by designing reagents activated by neutrophil function [e.g., phagocytic activity or enzymatic activity of neutrophil elastase (NE)]. Since binding of an artificial ligand to a receptor may trigger or inhibit priming of neutrophils the latter approach has a smaller potential for severe side effects and is probably better suitable for therapy. Here, we review current approaches for the use of ROS amplifiers and discuss their applicability for treatment. As an example, we suggest a possible design of neutrophil-specific ROS amplifiers, which are based on NE-activated ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reshetnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Cell Clearance in Health and Disease Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent university, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Czegley
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Maugeri N, Capobianco A, Rovere-Querini P, Ramirez GA, Tombetti E, Valle PD, Monno A, D’Alberti V, Gasparri AM, Franchini S, D’Angelo A, Bianchi ME, Manfredi AA. Platelet microparticles sustain autophagy-associated activation of neutrophils in systemic sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/451/eaao3089. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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267
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Wong SL, Wagner DD. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4: a nuclear button triggering neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory diseases and aging. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800691R. [PMID: 29924943 PMCID: PMC6219837 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800691r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a nuclear citrullinating enzyme that is critically involved in the release of decondensed chromatin from neutrophils as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs, together with fibrin, are implicated in host defense against pathogens; however, the formation of NETs (NETosis) has injurious effects that may outweigh their protective role. For example, PAD4 activity produces citrullinated neoantigens that promote autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, to which PAD4 is genetically linked and where NETosis is prominent. NETs are also generated in basic sterile inflammatory responses that are induced by many inflammatory stimuli, including cytokines, hypoxia, and activated platelets. Mice that lack PAD4-deficient in NETosis-serve as an excellent tool with which to study the importance of NETs in disease models. In recent years, animal and human studies have demonstrated that NETs contribute to the etiology and propagation of many common noninfectious diseases, the focus of our review. We will discuss the role of NETs in thrombotic and cardiovascular disease, the induction of NETs by cancers and its implications for cancer progression and cancer-associated thrombosis, and elevated NETosis in diabetes and its negative impact on wound healing, and will propose a link between PAD4/NETs and age-related organ fibrosis. We identify unresolved issues and new research directions.-Wong, S. L., Wagner, D. D. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4: a nuclear button triggering neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ling Wong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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268
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Troldborg A, Thiel S, Trendelenburg M, Friebus-Kardash J, Nehring J, Steffensen R, Hansen SWK, Laska MJ, Deleuran B, Jensenius JC, Voss A, Stengaard-Pedersen K. The Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1136-1144. [PMID: 29907670 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves complement activation. Activation of complement through the classical pathway (CP) is well established. However, complement activation through pattern recognition not only happens through the CP, but also through the lectin pathway (LP). We investigated the hypothesis that the LP is activated in SLE and involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Using immunoassays developed in-house, we measured concentrations of LP proteins in a cohort of 372 patients with SLE and 170 controls. We estimated complement activation measuring total C3, and investigated whether LP protein concentrations were associated with complement activation and disease activity. Protein changes and disease activity over time were assessed in a cohort of 52 patients with SLE followed with repeated samples over a 5-year period. RESULTS Concentrations of LP proteins in SLE were altered compared with controls. The differences observed in LP proteins associated with complement activation were reflected by a decrease in total C3. The pattern recognition molecules (M-ficolin, CL-L1, and CL-K1), the serine protease (MASP-3), and the associated protein (MAp19) displayed a negative correlation with disease activity. Changes in MASP-2 concentrations over time correlated significantly with increased disease activity. Association between active proteinuria and serum concentration was observed for MASP-3 and MAp19. CONCLUSION In patients with SLE, we measured specific changes in LP proteins that are associated with complement activation and disease activity, indicating that the LP is activated in patients with SLE. These novel findings substantiate the involvement of the LP in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Troldborg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.
| | - Steffen Thiel
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Justa Friebus-Kardash
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Josephine Nehring
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Søren Werner Karlskov Hansen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Magdalena Janina Laska
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Bent Deleuran
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Jens Christian Jensenius
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Anne Voss
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus; Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,A. Troldborg, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; M. Trendelenburg, PhD, Professor, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Friebus-Kardash, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; J. Nehring, MD, Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; R. Steffensen, PhD, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; S.W. Hansen, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark; M.J. Laska, PhD, Associate Professor, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, and Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; B. Deleuran, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, PhD, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; A. Voss, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, PhD, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
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Xie L, Xu J. Role of MiR-98 and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1397-1405. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.T-lymphocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in SLE remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-98 in SLE and its underlying mechanisms.Methods.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to analyze miR-98 and Fas expression. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify miR-98 targets. To modify miRNA levels, miR-98 mimics and inhibitor were transfected into cells. A lentiviral construct was used to overexpress the level of Fas in SLE CD4+ T cells. Gene and protein expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis levels were evaluated by annexin V staining and flow cytometry.Results.Compared to those of healthy donors, miR-98 was downregulated in SLE CD4+ T cells, whereas Fas mRNA and protein expression were upregulated. Upregulation of miR-98 by mimic transfection protected Jurkat cells against Fas-mediated apoptosis at both mRNA and protein levels, while miR-98 inhibitor induced the completely opposite effect. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-98 directly targeted Fas mRNA. Further, miR-98 inhibitor induced apoptosis in primary healthy CD4+ T cells through the Fas-caspase axis, while upregulation of miR-98 in SLE CD4+ T cells led to the opposite effect.Conclusion.The current study revealed that downregulation of miR-98 induces apoptosis by modulating the Fas-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway in SLE CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that miR-98 might serve as a potential target for SLE treatment.
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270
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Elkon KB. Review: Cell Death, Nucleic Acids, and Immunity: Inflammation Beyond the Grave. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:805-816. [PMID: 29439290 PMCID: PMC5984680 DOI: 10.1002/art.40452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system are rigged with sensors that detect nucleic acids derived from microbes, especially viruses. It has become clear that these same sensors that respond to nucleic acids derived from damaged cells or defective intracellular processing are implicated in triggering diseases such as lupus and arthritis. The ways in which cells die and the concomitant presence of proteins and peptides that allow nucleic acids to re-enter cells profoundly influence innate immune responses. In this review, we briefly discusses different types of programmed necrosis, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis, and explains how nucleic acids can engage intracellular receptors and stimulate inflammation. Host protective mechanisms that include compartmentalization of receptors and nucleases as well as the consequences of nuclease deficiencies are explored. In addition, proximal and distal targets in the nucleic acid stimulation of inflammation are discussed in terms of their potential amenability to therapy for the attenuation of innate immune activation and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Elkon
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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271
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Abstract
Neutrophils are essential to the homeostatic mission of safeguarding host tissues, responding rapidly and diversely to breaches of the host's barriers to infection, and returning tissues to a sterile state. In response to specific stimuli, neutrophils extrude modified chromatin structures decorated with specific cytoplasmic and granular proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Several pathways lead to this unique form of cell death (NETosis). Extracellular chromatin may have evolved to defend eukaryotic organisms against infection, and its release has at least three functions: trapping and killing of microbes, amplifying immune responses, and inducing coagulation. Here we review neutrophil development and heterogeneity with a focus on NETs, NET formation, and their relevance in host defense and disease.
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272
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Radic M, Pattanaik D. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:969. [PMID: 29867951 PMCID: PMC5949565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by the production of antibodies that bind the phospholipid-binding protein β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) or that directly recognize negatively charged membrane phospholipids in a manner that may contribute to arterial or venous thrombosis. Clinically, the binding of antibodies to β2GPI could contribute to pathogenesis by formation of immune complexes or modification of coagulation steps that operate along cell surfaces. However, additional events are likely to play a role in pathogenesis, including platelet and endothelial cell activation. Recent studies focus on neutrophil release of chromatin in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps as an important disease contributor. Jointly, the participation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in aspects of the APS make the complete understanding of crucial steps in pathogenesis extremely difficult. Only coordinated and comprehensive analyses, carried out in different clinical and research settings, are likely to advance the understanding of this complex disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Debendra Pattanaik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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273
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Bruschi M, Petretto A, Vaglio A, Santucci L, Candiano G, Ghiggeri GM. Annexin A1 and Autoimmunity: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051348. [PMID: 29751523 PMCID: PMC5983684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a protein with multifunctional roles in innate and adaptive immunity mainly devoted to the regulation of inflammatory cells and the resolution of inflammation. Most of the data regarding Annexin A1 roles in immunity derive from cell studies and from mice models lacking Annexin A1 for genetic manipulation (Annexin A1−/−); only a few studies sought to define how Annexin A1 is involved in human diseases. High levels of anti-Annexin A1 autoantibodies have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), suggesting this protein is implicated in auto-immunity. Here, we reviewed the evidence available for an association of anti-Annexin A1 autoantibodies and SLE manifestations, in particular in those cases complicated by lupus nephritis. New studies show that serum levels of Annexin A1 are increased in patients presenting renal complications of SLE, but this increment does not correlate with circulating anti-Annexin A1 autoantibodies. On the other hand, high circulating Annexin A1 levels cannot explain per se the development of autoantibodies since post-translational modifications are necessary to make a protein immunogenic. A hypothesis is presented here and discussed regarding the possibility that Annexin A1 undergoes post-translational modifications as a part of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are produced in response to viral, bacterial, and/or inflammatory triggers. In particular, focus is on the process of citrullination of Annexin A1, which takes place within NETs and that mimics, to some extent, other autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, that are characterized by the presence of anti-citrullinated peptides in circulation. The description of pathologic pathways leading to modification of Annexin A1 as a trigger of autoimmunity is a cognitive evolution, but requires more experimental data before becoming a solid concept for explaining autoimmunity in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini n 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini n 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Nephrology Unit, University Hospital, University of Parma, Viale Gramsci n 14, 43100 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Santucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini n 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini n 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS), Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Largo Gaslini n 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
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274
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Margraf A, Volmering S, Skupski J, Van Marck V, Makrigiannis AP, Block H, Zarbock A. The ITIM Domain-Containing NK Receptor Ly49Q Impacts Pulmonary Infection by Mediating Neutrophil Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:4085-4093. [PMID: 29712775 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary infection is a frequent pathology associated with excessive neutrophil infiltration. Ly49Q, an ITIM domain-bearing receptor expressed on different leukocytes, has been recently reported to impact neutrophil migration and polarization. Utilizing a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pulmonary infection in combination with additional in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that Ly49Q is critically involved in different steps of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Ly49Q deficiency is associated with a reduced rolling velocity, impaired crawling capacity, and diminished transmigration. We show that overactivation of the neutrophil β2 integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 is responsible for increased adhesion and reduced neutrophil transmigration, resulting in a strongly impaired immune defense against pulmonary infection. Structure function analysis in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that different domains of Ly49Q are important for its function. In summary, Ly49Q regulates integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment and is required for an adequate immune response in pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Stephanie Volmering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Jennifer Skupski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Veerle Van Marck
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany; and
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Helena Block
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany;
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275
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Two-in-one: UV radiation simultaneously induces apoptosis and NETosis. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:51. [PMID: 29736268 PMCID: PMC5919968 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NETosis is a unique form of neutrophil death that differs from apoptosis and necrosis. However, whether NETosis and apoptosis can occur simultaneously in the same neutrophil is unknown. In this paper, we show that increasing doses of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation increases NETosis, which is confirmed by myeloperoxidase colocalisation to neutrophil extracellular DNA. Increasing UV irradiation increases caspase 3 activation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p38, but not ERK, phosphorylation. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production and p38 activation, but not NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, suppresses UV-induced NETosis, indicating that UV induces NOX-independent NETosis. Like classical NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis, UV-induced NETosis requires transcriptional firing for chromatin decondensation. Cell death-specific inhibitor studies indicate that UV-mediated NETosis is not apoptosis, necrosis or necroptosis. Collectively, these studies indicate that increasing doses of UV irradiation induce both apoptosis and NETosis simultaneously, but the ultimate outcome is the induction of a novel form of NOX-independent NETosis, or “ApoNETosis”.
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276
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Kraaij T, Kamerling SWA, de Rooij ENM, van Daele PLA, Bredewold OW, Bakker JA, Bajema IM, Scherer HU, Toes REM, Huizinga TJW, Rabelink TJ, van Kooten C, Teng YKO. The NET-effect of combining rituximab with belimumab in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2018; 91:45-54. [PMID: 29636274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is observed and their degradation is impaired. In vitro, immune complexes (ICx) trigger NET formation while NET-derived DNA is a postulated autoantigen for anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), found in SLE. Based on these self-perpetuating mechanisms in SLE, this study investigates whether interfering with ICx formation using a combination of rituximab (RTX) and belimumab (BLM) could decrease NET formation and ameliorate disease. METHODS A phase 2A, open-label, single arm proof-of-concept study was performed wherein 16 SLE patients with severe, refractory disease were treated with a combination of CD20-mediated B-cell depletion with rituximab and sustained inhibition of B-cell activating factor BlyS with belimumab. Besides safety, the study's endpoints were chosen to address the concept of autoantibodies in relation to excessive NET formation. RESULTS We demonstrated a surge of BlyS levels upon RTX-mediated B-cell depletion which was abrogated by subsequent BLM treatment. As such, therapeutic intervention with RTX + BLM led to specific reductions in ANAs and regression of excessive NET formation. RTX + BLM appeared to be safe and achieved clinically significant responses: low lupus disease activity state was achieved in 10 patients, renal responses in 11 patients and concomitant immunosuppressive medication was tapered in 14 out of the 16 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into clinical beneficence of reducing excessive NET formation in SLE by therapeutic targeting ANA production with RTX + BLM. Altogether putting forward a new treatment concept that specifically ameliorates underlying SLE pathophysiology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02284984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Kraaij
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia W A Kamerling
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther N M de Rooij
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Obbo W Bredewold
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Bakker
- Dept of Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ton J Rabelink
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y K Onno Teng
- Dept of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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277
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Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:206-221. [PMID: 29382950 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have an important role during infection by helping neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. However, evidence is accumulating that uncontrolled or excessive production of NETs is related to the exacerbation of inflammation and the development of autoimmunity, cancer metastasis and inappropriate thrombosis. In this Review, we focus on the role of NETs in the liver and gastrointestinal system, outlining their protective and pathological effects. The latest mechanistic insights in NET formation, interactions between microorganisms and NETs and the relationship between neutrophil subtypes and their functions are also discussed. Additionally, we describe the potential importance of NET-related molecules, including cell-free DNA and hypercitrullinated histones, as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases.
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278
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Hair PS, Enos AI, Krishna NK, Cunnion KM. Inhibition of Immune Complex Complement Activation and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation by Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1. Front Immunol 2018; 9:558. [PMID: 29632531 PMCID: PMC5879100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis that have yet to be targeted therapeutically are immune complex-initiated complement activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation by neutrophils. Here, we report in vitro testing of peptide inhibitor of complement C1 (PIC1) in assays of immune complex-mediated complement activation in human sera and assays for NET formation by human neutrophils. The lead PIC1 derivative, PA-dPEG24, was able to dose-dependently inhibit complement activation initiated by multiple types of immune complexes (IC), including C1-anti-C1q IC, limiting the generation of pro-inflammatory complement effectors, including C5a and membrane attack complex (sC5b-9). In several instances, PA-dPEG24 achieved complete inhibition with complement effector levels equivalent to background. PA-dPEG24 was also able to dose-dependently inhibit NET formation by human neutrophils stimulated by PMA, MPO, or immune complex activated human sera. In several instances PA-dPEG24 achieved complete inhibition with NETosis with quantitation equivalent to background levels. These results suggest that PA-dPEG24 inhibition of NETs occurs by blocking the MPO pathway of NET formation. Together these results demonstrate that PA-dPEG24 can inhibit immune complex activation of the complement system and NET formation. This provides proof of concept that peptides can potentially be developed to inhibit these two important contributors to rheumatologic pathology that are currently untargeted by available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Hair
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - Neel K Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Kenji M Cunnion
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Children's Specialty Group, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, United States
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279
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Jiménez-Alcázar M, Rangaswamy C, Panda R, Bitterling J, Simsek YJ, Long AT, Bilyy R, Krenn V, Renné C, Renné T, Kluge S, Panzer U, Mizuta R, Mannherz HG, Kitamura D, Herrmann M, Napirei M, Fuchs TA. Host DNases prevent vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps. Science 2018; 358:1202-1206. [PMID: 29191910 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet and fibrin clots occlude blood vessels in hemostasis and thrombosis. Here we report a noncanonical mechanism for vascular occlusion based on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), DNA fibers released by neutrophils during inflammation. We investigated which host factors control NETs in vivo and found that two deoxyribonucleases (DNases), DNase1 and DNase1-like 3, degraded NETs in circulation during sterile neutrophilia and septicemia. In the absence of both DNases, intravascular NETs formed clots that obstructed blood vessels and caused organ damage. Vascular occlusions in patients with severe bacterial infections were associated with a defect to degrade NETs ex vivo and the formation of intravascular NET clots. DNase1 and DNase1-like 3 are independently expressed and thus provide dual host protection against deleterious effects of intravascular NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Jiménez-Alcázar
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chandini Rangaswamy
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rachita Panda
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Bitterling
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yashin J Simsek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andy T Long
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Veit Krenn
- Health Care Center for Histology, Cytology, and Molecular Diagnostics, Max-Planck-Straße 5, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Christoph Renné
- Group Practice for Pathology Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, 65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Solna L1:00, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ryushin Mizuta
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Napirei
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias A Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Solna L1:00, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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280
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Meegan JE, Yang X, Coleman DC, Jannaway M, Yuan SY. Neutrophil-mediated vascular barrier injury: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28120468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in host defense against infection or injury. While neutrophil activation is necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, a hyperactive response can lead to tissue damage and microcirculatory disorders, a process involving complex neutrophil-endothelium cross talk. This review highlights recent research findings about neutrophil-mediated signaling and structural changes, including those induced by neutrophil extracellular traps, which ultimately lead to vascular barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle C Coleman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Jannaway
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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281
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Stavrou EX, Fang C, Bane KL, Long AT, Naudin C, Kucukal E, Gandhi A, Brett-Morris A, Mumaw MM, Izadmehr S, Merkulova A, Reynolds CC, Alhalabi O, Nayak L, Yu WM, Qu CK, Meyerson HJ, Dubyak GR, Gurkan UA, Nieman MT, Sen Gupta A, Renné T, Schmaier AH. Factor XII and uPAR upregulate neutrophil functions to influence wound healing. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:944-959. [PMID: 29376892 PMCID: PMC5824869 DOI: 10.1172/jci92880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor XII (FXII) deficiency is associated with decreased neutrophil migration, but the mechanisms remain uncharacterized. Here, we examine how FXII contributes to the inflammatory response. In 2 models of sterile inflammation, FXII-deficient mice (F12-/-) had fewer neutrophils recruited than WT mice. We discovered that neutrophils produced a pool of FXII that is functionally distinct from hepatic-derived FXII and contributes to neutrophil trafficking at sites of inflammation. FXII signals in neutrophils through urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-mediated (uPAR-mediated) Akt2 phosphorylation at S474 (pAktS474). Downstream of pAkt2S474, FXII stimulation of neutrophils upregulated surface expression of αMβ2 integrin, increased intracellular calcium, and promoted extracellular DNA release. The sum of these activities contributed to neutrophil cell adhesion, migration, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps in a process called NETosis. Decreased neutrophil signaling in F12-/- mice resulted in less inflammation and faster wound healing. Targeting hepatic F12 with siRNA did not affect neutrophil migration, whereas WT BM transplanted into F12-/- hosts was sufficient to correct the neutrophil migration defect in F12-/- mice and restore wound inflammation. Importantly, these activities were a zymogen FXII function and independent of FXIIa and contact activation, highlighting that FXII has a sophisticated role in vivo that has not been previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi X. Stavrou
- Department of Medicine, Louis Stokes Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kara L. Bane
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andy T. Long
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clément Naudin
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erdem Kucukal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agharnan Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adina Brett-Morris
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michele M. Mumaw
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alona Merkulova
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cindy C. Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Omar Alhalabi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lalitha Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvin H. Schmaier
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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282
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Martin-Sanchez D, Fontecha-Barriuso M, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ramos AM, Cabello R, Gonzalez-Enguita C, Linkermann A, Sanz AB, Ortiz A. Cell death-based approaches in treatment of the urinary tract-associated diseases: a fight for survival in the killing fields. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:118. [PMID: 29371637 PMCID: PMC5833412 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract-associated diseases comprise a complex set of disorders with a variety of etiologic agents and therapeutic approaches and a huge global burden of disease, estimated at around 1 million deaths per year. These diseases include cancer (mainly prostate, renal, and bladder), urinary tract infections, and urolithiasis. Cell death plays a key role in the pathogenesis and therapy of these conditions. During urinary tract infections, invading bacteria may either promote or prevent host cell death by interfering with cell death pathways. This has been studied in detail for uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Inhibition of host cell death may allow intracellular persistence of live bacteria, while promoting host cell death causes tissue damage and releases the microbes. Both crystals and urinary tract obstruction lead to tubular cell death and kidney injury. Among the pathomechanisms, apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy represent key processes. With respect to malignant disorders, traditional therapeutic efforts have focused on directly promoting cancer cell death. This may exploit tumor-specific characteristics, such as targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling and mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) activity in renal cancer and inducing survival factor deprivation by targeting androgen signaling in prostate cancer. An area of intense research is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, aiming at unleashing the full potential of immune cells to kill cancer cells. In the future, this may be combined with additional approaches exploiting intrinsic sensitivities to specific modes of cell death such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Here, we review the contribution of diverse cell death mechanisms to the pathogenesis of urinary tract-associated diseases as well as the potential for novel therapeutic approaches based on an improved molecular understanding of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martin-Sanchez
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Cabello
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Linkermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
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283
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Zhou Y, Mittereder N, Sims GP. Perspective on Protein Arginine Deiminase Activity-Bicarbonate Is a pH-Independent Regulator of Citrullination. Front Immunol 2018; 9:34. [PMID: 29403504 PMCID: PMC5778117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein citrullination catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADs) is involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcium is a key regulator of PAD activity, but under normal physiological conditions it remains uncertain how intracellular calcium levels can be raised to sufficiently high levels to activate these enzymes. In pursuit of trying to identify other factors that influence PAD activity, we identified bicarbonate as a potential regulator of PAD activity. We demonstrate that physiological levels of bicarbonate upregulate citrullination by recombinant PAD2/4 and endogenous PADs in neutrophils. The impact of bicarbonate is independent of calcium and pH. Adding bicarbonate to commercial PAD activity kits could increase assay performance and biological relevance. These results suggest that citrullination activity is regulated by multiple factors including calcium and bicarbonate. We also provide commentary on the current understanding of PAD regulation and future perspective of research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Nanette Mittereder
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Gary P Sims
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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284
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Cell-free DNA: the role in pathophysiology and as a biomarker in kidney diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2018; 20:e1. [PMID: 29343314 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in various body fluids and originates mostly from blood cells. In specific conditions, circulating cfDNA might be derived from tumours, donor organs after transplantation or from the foetus during pregnancy. The analysis of cfDNA is mainly used for genetic analyses of the source tissue -tumour, foetus or for the early detection of graft rejection. It might serve also as a nonspecific biomarker of tissue damage in critical care medicine. In kidney diseases, cfDNA increases during haemodialysis and indicates cell damage. In patients with renal cell carcinoma, cfDNA in plasma and its integrity is studied for monitoring of tumour growth, the effects of chemotherapy and for prognosis. Urinary cfDNA is highly fragmented, but the technical hurdles can now be overcome and urinary cfDNA is being evaluated as a potential biomarker of renal injury and urinary tract tumours. Beyond its diagnostic application, cfDNA might also be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases affecting the kidneys as shown for systemic lupus, sepsis and some pregnancy-related pathologies. Recent data suggest that increased cfDNA is associated with acute kidney injury. In this review, we discuss the biological characteristics, sources of cfDNA, its potential use as a biomarker as well as its role in the pathogenesis of renal and urinary diseases.
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285
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Gupta S, Chan DW, Zaal KJ, Kaplan MJ. A High-Throughput Real-Time Imaging Technique To Quantify NETosis and Distinguish Mechanisms of Cell Death in Human Neutrophils. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:869-879. [PMID: 29196457 PMCID: PMC5760330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in host defenses and have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by various mechanisms, including formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through a recently described distinct form of programmed cell death called NETosis. Techniques to assess and quantitate NETosis in an unbiased, reproducible, and efficient way are lacking, considerably limiting the advancement of research in this field. We optimized and validated, a new method to automatically quantify the percentage of neutrophils undergoing NETosis in real time using the IncuCyte ZOOM imaging platform and the membrane-permeability properties of two DNA dyes. Neutrophils undergoing NETosis induced by various physiological stimuli showed distinct changes, with a loss of multilobulated nuclei, as well as nuclear decondensation followed by membrane compromise, and were accurately counted by applying filters based on fluorescence intensity and nuclear size. Findings were confirmed and validated with the established method of immunofluorescence microscopy. The platform was also validated to rapidly assess and quantify the dose-dependent effect of inhibitors of NETosis. In addition, this method was able to distinguish among neutrophils undergoing NETosis, apoptosis, or necrosis based on distinct changes in nuclear morphology and membrane integrity. The IncuCyte ZOOM platform is a novel real-time assay that quantifies NETosis in a rapid, automated, and reproducible way, significantly optimizing the study of neutrophils. This platform is a powerful tool to assess neutrophil physiology and NETosis, as well as to swiftly develop and test novel neutrophil targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Diana W Chan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Kristien J Zaal
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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286
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Rossetto Burgos RC, Ramautar R, Van Wijk EP, Hankemeier T, Der Greef JV, Mashaghi A. Pharmacological targeting of ROS reaction network in myeloid leukemia cells monitored by ultra-weak photon emission. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2028-2034. [PMID: 29416750 PMCID: PMC5788618 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer that is caused by a disorder of the process that normally generates neutrophils. Function and dysfunction of neutrophils are key to physiologic defense against pathogens as well as pathologies including autoimmunity and cancer. A major mechanism through which neutrophils contribute to health and disease is oxidative burst, which involves rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a chemical reaction network catalyzed by enzymes including NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Due to the involvement of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species in many diseases and importance of NADPH oxidase and MPO-mediated reactions in progression and treatment of myeloid leukemia, monitoring this process and modulating it by pharmacological interventions is of great interest. In this work, we have evaluated the potential of a label-free method using ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) to monitor ROS production in neutrophil-like HL60 myeloid leukemia cells. Suppression of ROS was achieved by several drug candidates that target different parts of the reaction pathway. Our results show that UPE can report on ROS production as well as suppression by pharmacological inhibitors. We find that UPE is primarily generated by MPO catalyzed reaction and thus will be affected when an upstream reaction is pharmacologically modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene Cristina Rossetto Burgos
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Centre for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard P.A. Van Wijk
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Centre for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Der Greef
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Centre for Photonics of Living Systems, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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287
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Thanarajasingam U, Jensen MA, Dorschner JM, Wampler Muskardin T, Ghodke-Puranik Y, Purmalek M, Eliopoulos E, Zervou MI, Goulielmos GN, Howard M, Kaplan MJ, Niewold TB. Brief Report: A Novel ELANE Mutation Associated With Inflammatory Arthritis, Defective NETosis, and Recurrent Parvovirus Infection. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2396-2401. [PMID: 28881492 DOI: 10.1002/art.40314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe a 38-year-old woman who presented with a history of inflammatory arthritis, rash, and daily fevers. She was noted to have chronic parvovirus infection with persistently detectable viral titers and a novel mutation in the ELANE gene. ELANE encodes neutrophil elastase, a neutrophil serine protease with important antimicrobial effects, and is found as part of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) complexes. Pathogenic ELANE mutations have been identified in forms of hereditary neutropenia. However, our patient never had neutropenia. Because of the striking clinical scenario, we investigated this mutation functionally. METHODS NET formation by neutrophils was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil elastase production were evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent substrate-based functional assay, respectively. A multiplex assay was used to quantitate neutrophil inflammatory cytokine production. PyMOL software was used to generate 3-dimensional models of mutant elastase. RESULTS Activated neutrophils from the patient demonstrated a significantly decreased ability to form NETs on scanning electron microscopy, as well as quantitative defects in neutrophil activation and neutrophil elastase activity. The patient's neutrophils showed altered levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-8, which are key cytokines for antiviral immunity and neutrophil chemotaxis. Three-dimensional mapping revealed that the mutation could alter protein folding and surface charge distribution, potentially perturbing protein trafficking. Thus, the mutation could affect neutrophil function by decreasing NETosis and altering key antiviral activities of neutrophils. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a human pathogenic ELANE mutation associated with a defect in NETosis and a distinct syndrome of recurrent viral infection and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A Jensen
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Monica Purmalek
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana J Kaplan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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288
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Rother N, Pieterse E, Lubbers J, Hilbrands L, van der Vlag J. Acetylated Histones in Apoptotic Microparticles Drive the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Active Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1136. [PMID: 28959262 PMCID: PMC5604071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against nuclear components. Lupus nephritis (LN) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. Central to the pathogenesis of SLE is the accumulation of cellular waste, especially apoptotic microparticles (MPs), which stimulates diverse immune reactions including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study, we investigated the content of MPs from SLE patients with and without (active) LN, their capacity to stimulate NET release, and assessed the molecular mechanisms underlying MP-induced NETosis. Methods MPs from SLE patients with biopsy-proven active LN, remissive LN, without LN, and healthy controls were characterized by flow cytometry. Isolated neutrophils were exposed to MPs derived from either patient plasma or apoptotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and NET release was quantified by immunofluorescence imaging, spectrofluorometry or an in-house developed NET ELISA. Results MPs from SLE patients with active LN contain higher levels of acetylated chromatin compared to MPs from those with remissive LN, without LN, or healthy controls. MPs enriched in hyperacetylated chromatin are more potent in inducing NETosis when compared to MPs containing moderate acetylated chromatin. The release of NETs in response to MPs occurs rapidly in a concentration-dependent manner and proceeds independent from the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion Our data suggest that MPs containing acetylated chromatin drive ROS-independent NET release in SLE patients with active LN, which may lead to the glomerular deposition of NETs and subsequent NET-driven LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Lubbers
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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289
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Rebordão MR, Alexandre-Pires G, Carreira M, Adriano L, Carneiro C, Nunes T, Mateus L, Ferreira-Dias G. Bacteria causing pyometra in bitch and queen induce neutrophil extracellular traps. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 192:8-12. [PMID: 29042016 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are capable of releasing their DNA in response to infectious agents to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to destroy pathogens. Even though pyometra in queens and bitches is a common disease, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of NETs in the endometrium of queens and bitches suffering from pyometra. Pyometra and normal uteri were obtained after ovariohysterectomy from adult queens and bitches in diestrus. Uterine contents were evaluated for bacterial isolation and identification and for NETs presence. Escherichia coli were isolated in 5/5 queens and 4/5 bitches, and Streptococcus spp in one bitch. Sterile glass coverslips were placed on the endometrium surface to obtain material for NETs that were evaluated by immunocytochemistry (histone, neutrophil elastase or myeloperoxidase), fluorescence microscopy or scanning electron microscopy. NETs in endometrium content were positively stained by DNA histone DAPI, myeloperoxidase and by neutrophil elastase. NETs were spread in all observed queen and bitch endometria of pyometra cases. Ultrastructure images of NETs depicted clusters of globular material with fine filaments deposited on or around thick filaments and trapped bacteria. To the best of our knowledge these are the first findings confirming NETs endometrial presence in queen and bitch pyometra. Nevertheless, the precise role of NETs in pyometra in the bitch and queen, either to contribute to the defeat of infection or to its persistence remains to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rebordão
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Clínica Veterinária das Nogueiras, R. Estádio 6, 3030-318 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra College of Agriculture, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Alexandre-Pires
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Carreira
- Clínica Veterinária das Nogueiras, R. Estádio 6, 3030-318 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L Adriano
- Clínica Veterinária das Nogueiras, R. Estádio 6, 3030-318 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Carneiro
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, Microscopy Center, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande C2, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Mateus
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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290
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Farivar S, Rafieian Kopaei M. The importance of M694V mutation in systemic lupus erythematosus; implications for its role in neutrophil extracellular traps associated renal involvement. J Nephropathol 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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291
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An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease. Nat Med 2017; 23:279-287. [PMID: 28267716 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a process that enables neutrophils to help catch and kill bacteria. However, increasing evidence suggests that this process might also occur in noninfectious, sterile inflammation. In this Review, we describe the role of NETosis in autoimmunity, coagulation, acute injuries and cancer, and discuss NETs as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we consider whether extracellular DNA is always detrimental in sterile inflammation and whether the source is always NETs.
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292
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Caster DJ, Powell DW, Miralda I, Ward RA, McLeish KR. Re-Examining Neutrophil Participation in GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2275-2289. [PMID: 28620081 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis of GN have occurred in recent decades. Among those advances is the finding that both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the development of GN. Neutrophils were recognized as key contributors in early animal models of GN, at a time when the prevailing view considered neutrophils to function as nonspecific effector cells that die quickly after performing antimicrobial functions. However, advances over the past two decades have shown that neutrophil functions are more complex and sophisticated. Specifically, research has revealed that neutrophil survival is regulated by the inflammatory milieu and that neutrophils demonstrate plasticity, mediate microbial killing through previously unrecognized mechanisms, demonstrate transcriptional activity leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, interact with and regulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Therefore, neutrophil participation in glomerular diseases deserves re-evaluation. In this review, we describe advances in understanding classic neutrophil functions, review the expanded roles of neutrophils in innate and adaptive immune responses, and summarize current knowledge of neutrophil contributions to GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J Caster
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, .,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
| | - David W Powell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard A Ward
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
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293
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Sharma A, Simonson TJ, Jondle CN, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Mincle-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation by Regulation of Autophagy. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1040-1048. [PMID: 28186242 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitute antimicrobial function of neutrophils but have also been linked to perpetuation of inflammation. Despite this evident physiological relevance, mechanistic understanding of NET formation is poor. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which Mincle, a C-type lectin receptor, regulates NET formation. Methods NET formation, reactive oxygen species, autophagy activation and intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed in Mincle-sufficient and -deficient neutrophils stimulated in vitro with various stimuli and in vivo during Klebsiella infection. Results We found that Mincle mediates NET formation in response to several activation stimuli in vitro and in vivo during pneumoseptic infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, indicating its regulatory role in NET formation. Mechanistically, we show that attenuated NET formation in Mincle-/- neutrophils correlates with an impaired autophagy activation in vitro and in vivo, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in these neutrophils remained intact. The requirement of autophagy in Mincle-mediated NET formation was further supported by exogenous treatment with autophagy inducer tamoxifen, which rescued the NET formation defect in Mincle-/- neutrophils. Conclusions Our findings identify a previously unrecognized role of Mincle as a regulator of autophagy, which mediates NET formation without affecting ROS generation. Our study addresses a major challenge in the field by positing this pathway to be targeted for modulation of NETs while preserving ROS production, an important innate immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks
| | - Tanner J Simonson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks
| | - Christopher N Jondle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks
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294
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Santoro D, Vadalà C, Siligato R, Buemi M, Benvenga S. Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Glomerulopathies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28626447 PMCID: PMC5454061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is generally associated with hypothyroidism. It affects ~2% of the female population and 0.2% of the male population. The evidence of thyroid function- and thyroid autoantibody-unrelated microproteinuria in almost half of patients with AIT and sometimes heavy proteinuria as in the nephrotic syndrome point to a link of AIT with renal disease. The most common renal diseases observed in AIT are membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis, and amyloidosis. Different hypotheses have been put forward regarding the relationship between AIT and glomerulopathies, and several potential mechanisms for this association have been considered. Glomerular deposition of immunocomplexes of thyroglobulin and autoantibodies as well as the impaired immune tolerance for megalin (a thyrotropin-regulated glycoprotein expressed on thyroid cells) are the most probable mechanisms. Cross-reactivity between antigens in the setting of genetic predisposition has been considered as a potential mechanism that links the described association between ANCA vasculitis and AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Vadalà
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Siligato
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Buemi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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295
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Trofimenko AS. Elimination of Nucleoproteins in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antinuclear Autoantibodies Production. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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296
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Fella E, Sokratous K, Papacharalambous R, Kyriacou K, Phillips J, Sanderson S, Panayiotou E, Kyriakides T. Pharmacological Stimulation of Phagocytosis Enhances Amyloid Plaque Clearance; Evidence from a Transgenic Mouse Model of ATTR Neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:138. [PMID: 28539873 PMCID: PMC5423984 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary ATTR V30M amyloidosis is a lethal autosomal dominant sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy caused by deposition of aberrant transthyretin (TTR). Immunohistochemical examination of sural nerve biopsies in patients with amyloidotic neuropathy show co-aggregation of TTR with several proteins; including apolipoprotein E, serum amyloid P and components of the complement cascade. Complement activation and macrophages are increasingly recognized to play a crucial role in amyloidogenesis at the tissue bed level. In the current study we test the effect of two C5a receptor agonists and a C5a receptor antagonist (PMX53) on disease phenotype in ATTR V30M mice. Our results indicate that amyloid deposition was significantly reduced following treatment with the C5a receptor agonists, while treatment with the antagonist resulted in a significant increase of amyloid load. Administration of the C5a receptor agonists triggered increased recruitment of phagocytic cells resulting in clearance of amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fella
- Neurology Clinic A, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleitos Sokratous
- Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics Group, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosia, Cyprus.,Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Joy Phillips
- Donald P. Shiley Bioscience Center, San Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sam Sanderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Elena Panayiotou
- Neurology Clinic A, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theodoros Kyriakides
- Neurology Clinic A, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular MedicineNicosia, Cyprus
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297
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Panda R, Krieger T, Hopf L, Renné T, Haag F, Röber N, Conrad K, Csernok E, Fuchs TA. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contain Selected Antigens of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:439. [PMID: 28450870 PMCID: PMC5389973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are chromatin filaments decorated with enzymes from neutrophil cytoplasmic granules. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) bind to enzymes from neutrophil cytoplasmic granules and are biomarkers for the diagnosis of systemic vasculitides. ANCA diagnostics are based on indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) of ethanol-fixed neutrophils. IIF shows a cytoplasmic staining pattern (C-ANCA) due to autoantibodies against proteinase 3 (PR3) or a perinuclear staining pattern (P-ANCA) due to autoantibodies against myeloperoxidase (MPO). The distinct ANCA-staining patterns are an artifact of ethanol fixation. Here, we tested NETs as a substrate for the detection of ANCAs in human sera. We observed that P-ANCAs specifically stained NETs, while C-ANCAs targeted the cell bodies of netting neutrophils. The distinct ANCA-staining patterns were caused by the presence of MPO, but not PR3, in NETs. Using NETs as a substrate for IIF, we characterized ANCAs in sera of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Furthermore, we inhibited serine proteases by diisopropylfluorophosphate to prevent chromatin unfolding and the release of NETs and thus generated neutrophils with MPO-positive nuclei and PR3-positive cytoplasm, which resembled the appearance of ethanol-fixed neutrophils. In conclusion, our data suggest that NETs are selectively loaded with antigens recognized by P-ANCAs, and netting neutrophils provide a physiological substrate for ANCA detection in patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Panda
- Laboratory of Molecular Inflammation, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Krieger
- Diagnostic Center, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luke Hopf
- Laboratory of Molecular Inflammation, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Diagnostic Center, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Röber
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Csernok
- Vasculitis-Center Tübingen-Kirchheim, Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Kirchheim, Kirchheim, Germany
| | - Tobias A Fuchs
- Laboratory of Molecular Inflammation, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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298
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Suárez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Klatzmann D, Tsokos GC. T cells and autoimmune kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:329-343. [PMID: 28287110 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is traditionally considered to result from the invasion of the kidney by autoantibodies and immune complexes from the circulation or following their formation in situ, and by cells of the innate and the adaptive immune system. The inflammatory response leads to the proliferation and dysfunction of cells of the glomerulus, and invasion of the interstitial space with immune cells, resulting in tubular cell malfunction and fibrosis. T cells are critical drivers of autoimmunity and related organ damage, by supporting B-cell differentiation and antibody production or by directly promoting inflammation and cytotoxicity against kidney resident cells. T cells might become activated by autoantigens in the periphery and become polarized to secrete inflammatory cytokines before entering the kidney where they have the opportunity to expand owing to the presence of costimulatory molecules and activating cytokines. Alternatively, naive T cells could enter the kidney where they become activated after encountering autoantigen and expand locally. As not all individuals with a peripheral autoimmune response to kidney antigens develop glomerulonephritis, the contribution of local kidney factors expressed or produced by kidney cells is probably of crucial importance. Improved understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of T cells in patients with glomerulonephritis offers unique opportunities for the recognition of treatment targets for autoimmune kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Suárez-Fueyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sean J Bradley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University, INSERM UMR_S 959, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-937, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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299
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Interactions between Neutrophils and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6010010. [PMID: 28282951 PMCID: PMC5371898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects 70,000 patients worldwide. Morbidity and mortality in CF is largely caused by lung complications due to the triad of impaired mucociliary clearance, microbial infections and chronic inflammation. Cystic fibrosis airway inflammation is mediated by robust infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs, neutrophils). Neutrophils are not capable of clearing lung infections and contribute to tissue damage by releasing their dangerous cargo. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in immunocompromised individuals. P. aeruginosa is a main respiratory pathogen in CF infecting most patients. Although PMNs are key to attack and clear P. aeruginosa in immunocompetent individuals, PMNs fail to do so in CF. Understanding why neutrophils cannot clear P. aeruginosa in CF is essential to design novel therapies. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms by which PMNs attack and eliminate P. aeruginosa. It also summarizes current advances in our understanding of why PMNs are incapable of clearing P. aeruginosa and how this bacterium adapts to and resists PMN-mediated killing in the airways of CF patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa.
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300
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Bravo-Barrera J, Kourilovitch M, Galarza-Maldonado C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Treatment. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:antib6010004. [PMID: 31548520 PMCID: PMC6698875 DOI: 10.3390/antib6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a network of extracellular fibers, compounds of chromatin, neutrophil DNA and histones, which are covered with antimicrobial enzymes with granular components. Autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase are essential in the formation of NETs. There is increasing evidence that suggests that autoantibodies against beta-2-glycoprotein-1 (B2GP1) induce NETs and enhance thrombosis. Past research on new mechanisms of thrombosis formation in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has elucidated the pharmacokinetics of the most common medication in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bravo-Barrera
- UNERA (Unit of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases), Hospital Monte Sinaí, Miguel Cordero 6-111 y av. Solano, Cuenca, Ecuador.
- Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Villaroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Maria Kourilovitch
- UNERA (Unit of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases), Hospital Monte Sinaí, Miguel Cordero 6-111 y av. Solano, Cuenca, Ecuador.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Doctorate Programme "Medicine and Translational Research", Barcelona University, Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudio Galarza-Maldonado
- UNERA (Unit of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases), Hospital Monte Sinaí, Miguel Cordero 6-111 y av. Solano, Cuenca, Ecuador.
- Department of Investigation (DIUC-Dirección de Investigación de Universidad de Cuenca), Cuenca State University, Av. 12 de Abril y Agustin Cueva, Cuenca, Ecuador.
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