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Toxicological effects of regulated mycotoxins and persistent organochloride pesticides: In vitro cytotoxic assessment of single and defined mixtures on MA-10 murine Leydig cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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252
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Baines R, Manning L, Soon J. Mycotoxin incidents associated with cereals: lessons learnt and risk reduction strategies. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2016.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.N. Baines
- School of Agriculture, Royal Agricultural University, Stroud Road, Cirencester, GL7 6JS, United Kingdom
| | - L. Manning
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Soon
- School of Sport and Wellbeing, International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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253
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Braun MS, Wink M. Exposure, Occurrence, and Chemistry of Fumonisins and their Cryptic Derivatives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:769-791. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Santhosh Braun
- Inst. of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Univ.; INF 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Inst. of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology; Heidelberg Univ.; INF 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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254
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Valitutti F, De Santis B, Trovato CM, Montuori M, Gatti S, Oliva S, Brera C, Catassi C. Assessment of Mycotoxin Exposure in Breastfeeding Mothers with Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E336. [PMID: 29534461 PMCID: PMC5872754 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of mycotoxin exposure (aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone) in celiac disease (CD) breastfeeding mothers and healthy control mothers, as well as in their offspring, by quantifying these contaminants in breast milk. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-five breastfeeding women with CD on a gluten-free diet and 30 healthy breastfeeding controls were recruited. Milk sampling was performed three times per day for three consecutive days. Mycotoxin content was investigated by an analytical method using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. RESULTS Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was detected in 37% of CD group samples (mean ± SD = 0.012 ± 0.011 ng/mL; range = 0.003-0.340 ng/mL). The control group showed lower mean AFM1 concentration levels in 24% of the analyzed samples (0.009 ± 0.007 ng/mL; range = 0.003-0.067 ng/mL, ANOVA on ranks, p-value < 0.01). Ochratoxin A and zearalenone did not differ in both groups. CONCLUSION Breast milk AFM1 contamination for both groups is lower than the European safety threshold. However, the estimated exposures of infants from CD mothers and control mothers was much higher (≃15 times and ≃11 times, respectively) than the threshold set by the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Since incongruities exist between JECFA and the European Union standard, a novel regulatory review of the available data on this topic is desirable. Protecting babies from a neglected risk of high AFM1 exposure requires prompt regulatory and food-control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara De Santis
- Laboratory for Mycotoxins, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica Montuori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Gatti
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Oliva
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Brera
- Laboratory for Mycotoxins, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy.
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255
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Assunção R, Martins C, Viegas S, Viegas C, Jakobsen LS, Pires S, Alvito P. Climate change and the health impact of aflatoxins exposure in Portugal - an overview. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1610-1621. [PMID: 29494310 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1447691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been indicated as a driver for food safety issues worldwide, mainly due to the impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of food chain. Mycotoxins, natural contaminants produced by fungi, are among the most important of such hazards. Aflatoxins, which have the highest acute and chronic toxicity of all mycotoxins, assume particular importance. A recent study predicted aflatoxin contamination in maize and wheat crops in Europe within the next 100 years and aflatoxin B1 is predicted to become a food safety issue in Europe, especially in the most probable scenario of climate change (+2°C). This review discusses the potential influence of climate change on the health risk associated to aflatoxins dietary exposure of Portuguese population. We estimated the burden of disease associated to the current aflatoxin exposure for Portuguese population in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). It is expected that in the future the number of DALYs and the associated cases of hepatocellular carcinoma due to aflatoxins exposure will increase due to climate change. The topics highlighted through this review, including the potential impact on health of the Portuguese population through the dietary exposure to aflatoxins, should represent an alert for the potential consequences of an incompletely explored perspective of climate change. Politics and decision-makers should be involved and committed to implement effective measures to deal with climate change issues and to reduce its possible consequences. This review constitutes a contribution for the prioritisation of strategies to face the unequal burden of effects of weather-related hazards in Portugal and across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,c NOVA National School of Public Health , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- d GIAS, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.,e Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- d GIAS, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.,e Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Lea S Jakobsen
- f Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, The National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sara Pires
- f Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, The National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Paula Alvito
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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256
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Ayelign A, Woldegiorgis AZ, Adish A, De Saeger S. Total aflatoxins in complementary foods produced at community levels using locally available ingredients in Ethiopia. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2018; 11:111-118. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1437784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Ayelign
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Adish
- Micronutrient Initiative (MI), Deputy Regional Director, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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257
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Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:411-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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258
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Tao F, Yao H, Hruska Z, Burger LW, Rajasekaran K, Bhatnagar D. Recent development of optical methods in rapid and non-destructive detection of aflatoxin and fungal contamination in agricultural products. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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259
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Liew WPP, Mohd-Redzwan S. Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 29535978 PMCID: PMC5834427 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolites produced by fungi known as mycotoxins, are capable of causing mycotoxicosis (diseases and death) in human and animals. Contamination of feedstuffs as well as food commodities by fungi occurs frequently in a natural manner and is accompanied by the presence of mycotoxins. The occurrence of mycotoxins' contamination is further stimulated by the on-going global warming as reflected in some findings. This review comprehensively discussed the role of mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and aflatoxins) toward gut health and gut microbiota. Certainly, mycotoxins cause perturbation in the gut, particularly in the intestinal epithelial. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective where there is a bi-directional relationship exists between mycotoxins and gut microbiota, thus suggesting that our gut microbiota might be involved in the development of mycotoxicosis. The bacteria-xenobiotic interplay for the host is highlighted in this review article. It is now well established that a healthy gut microbiota is largely responsible for the overall health of the host. Findings revealed that the gut microbiota is capable of eliminating mycotoxin from the host naturally, provided that the host is healthy with a balance gut microbiota. Moreover, mycotoxins have been demonstrated for modulation of gut microbiota composition, and such alteration in gut microbiota can be observed up to species level in some of the studies. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins, are negative in terms of intestinal health, where beneficial bacteria are eliminated accompanied by an increase of the gut pathogen. The interactions between gut microbiota and mycotoxins have a significant role in the development of mycotoxicosis, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. Such knowledge potentially drives the development of novel and innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of mycotoxin contamination and mycotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabran Mohd-Redzwan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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260
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Abstract
Aflatoxins are widely recognised as important natural contaminants of a wide range of foods, including maize and peanuts (groundnuts), which form part of the staple diet in many countries of the developing world, especially in Africa. There is a frequent misconception based on solubility considerations and developed market surveys that aflatoxins do not occur in peanut oil. Thus, the use of peanut oil in human food is frequently overlooked as a source of aflatoxin exposure, yet artisanal oil extraction from contaminated peanuts in local facilities in the developing world results in carryover of these mycotoxins into the oil. Consequently, these peanut oils can have high contamination levels. This review highlights food safety concerns and addresses inter alia the analytical adaptations required to determine the polar aflatoxins in peanut oil. The determination of aflatoxins in peanut oil was first achieved by thin-layer chromatography, which was later mostly superseded by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, or later, by mass spectrometric detection. More recently, a specially modified HPLC method with immunoaffinity column clean-up and fluorescence detection has achieved official method status at AOAC International. In addition, the review deals with toxicology, occurrence and detoxification of contaminated oil. Although various methods have been reported for detoxification of peanut oil, the toxicity of degradation products, the removal of beneficial constituents and the effect on its organoleptic properties need to be considered. This review is intended to draw attention to this often overlooked area of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.S. Shephard
- Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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261
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How immediate and significant is the outcome of training on diversified diets, hygiene and food safety? An effort to mitigate child undernutrition in rural Malawi. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1156-1166. [PMID: 29338801 PMCID: PMC5848752 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study examined the impacts of training on nutrition, hygiene and food
safety designed by the Nutrition Working Group, Child Survival Collaborations and
Resources Group (CORE). Design Adapted from the 21d Positive Deviance/Hearth model, mothers were trained on the
subjects of appropriate complementary feeding, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
practices, and aflatoxin contamination in food. To assess the impacts on child
undernutrition, a randomised controlled trial was implemented on a sample of 179 mothers
and their children (<2 years old) in two districts of Malawi, namely Mzimba and
Balaka. Settings A 21d intensive learning-by-doing process using the positive deviance approach. Subjects Malawian children and mothers. Results Difference-in-difference panel regression analysis revealed that the impacts of the
comprehensive training were positive and statistically significant on the
Z-scores for wasting and underweight, where the effects increased
constantly over time within the 21d time frame. As for stunting, the coefficients were
not statistically significant during the 21d programme, although the level of
significance started increasing in 2 weeks, indicating that stunting should also be
alleviated in a slightly longer time horizon. Conclusions The study clearly suggests that comprehensive training immediately guides mothers into
improved dietary and hygiene practices, and that improved practices take immediate and
progressive effects in ameliorating children’s undernutrition.
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262
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235-at] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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263
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Kumar M, Chand R, Shah K. Mycotoxins and Pesticides: Toxicity and Applications in Food and Feed. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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264
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Anoman AT, Koffi KM, Aboua KN, Koussemon M. Determination of ETM, Histamine and Mycotoxins in Garba, a Traditional Ivoirian Meal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2018.94019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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265
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Multiplexed capillary microfluidic immunoassay with smartphone data acquisition for parallel mycotoxin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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266
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Niyibituronsa M, Onyango AN, Gaidashova S, Imathiu SM, Uwizerwa M, Wanjuki I, Nganga F, Muhutu JC, Birungi J, Ghimire S, Raes K, De Boevre M, De Saeger S, Harvey J. Evaluation Of Mycotoxin Content In Soybean (Glycine max L.) Grown In Rwanda. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND DEVELOPMENT : AJFAND 2018; 18:AJFAND-18-03-13808. [PMID: 33281893 PMCID: PMC7714182 DOI: 10.18697/ajfand.83.17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a critical food and nutritional security crop in Rwanda. Promoted by the Rwandan National Agricultural Research System for both adults and as an infant weaning food, soybean is grown by approximately 40% of households. Soybean may be susceptible to the growth of mycotoxin-producing moulds; however, data has been contradictory. Mycotoxin contamination is a food and feed safety issue for grains and other field crops. This study aimed to determine the extent of mycotoxin contamination in soybean, and to assess people's awareness on mycotoxins. A farm-level survey was conducted in 2015 within three agro-ecological zones of Rwanda suitable for soybean production. Soybean samples were collected from farmers (n=300) who also completed questionnaires about pre-and post-harvest farm practices, and aflatoxin awareness. The concentration of total aflatoxin in individual soybean samples was tested by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially-available kit. Other mycotoxins were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) on 10 selected sub samples. Only 7.3% of the respondents were aware of aflatoxin contamination in foods, but farmers observed good postharvest practices including harvesting the crop when the pods were dry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), only one sample had a concentration (11 µg/kg) above the most stringent EU maximum permitted limit of 4 µg/kg. Multi-mycotoxins liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) results confirmed that soybeans had low or undetectable contamination; only one sample contained 13µg/kg of sterigmatocystine. The soybean samples from Rwanda obtained acceptably low mycotoxin levels. Taken together with other studies that showed that soybean is less contaminated by mycotoxins, these results demonstrate that soybean can be promoted as a nutritious and safe food. However, there is a general need for educating farmers on mycotoxin contamination in food and feed to ensure better standards are adhered to safeguard the health of the consumers regarding these fungal secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niyibituronsa
- Rwanda Agriculture Board, Rwanda, P.O. BOX 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, P.O. BOX 62000 (00200) Nairobi Kenya
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Belgium, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - AN Onyango
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, P.O. BOX 62000 (00200) Nairobi Kenya
| | - S Gaidashova
- Rwanda Agriculture Board, Rwanda, P.O. BOX 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
| | - SM Imathiu
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, P.O. BOX 62000 (00200) Nairobi Kenya
| | - M Uwizerwa
- Rwanda Agriculture Board, Rwanda, P.O. BOX 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
| | - I Wanjuki
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - F Nganga
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - JC Muhutu
- Rwanda Agriculture Board, Rwanda, P.O. BOX 5016 Kigali, Rwanda
| | - J Birungi
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - S Ghimire
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - K Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University – Campus Kortrijk, Belgium, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - M De Boevre
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Belgium, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - S De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Belgium, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Harvey
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Kenya, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for the Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss, and Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506, USA
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267
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The mitochondrial and death receptor pathways involved in the thymocytes apoptosis induced by aflatoxin B1. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12222-34. [PMID: 26933817 PMCID: PMC4914280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent immunosuppressive agent in endotherms, which can be related to the up-regulated apoptosis of immune organs. In this study, we investigated the roles of the mitochondrial, death receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways in Aflatoxin B1 induced thymocytes apoptosis. Chickens were fed an aflatoxin B1 containing diet (0.6 mg/kg AFB1) for 3 weeks. Our results showed that (1) AFB1 diet induced the decrease of T-cell subsets, morphological changes, and excessive apoptosis of thymus. (2) The excessive apoptosis involved the mitochondrial pathway (up-regulation of Bax, Bak, cytC and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and death receptor pathway (up-regulation of FasL, Fas and FADD). (3) Oxidative stress, an apoptosis inducer, was confirmed in the thymus. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that mitochondrial and death receptor pathways involved in AFB1 induced thymocytes apoptosis in broilers.
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268
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McMillan A, Renaud JB, Burgess KMN, Orimadegun AE, Akinyinka OO, Allen SJ, Miller JD, Reid G, Sumarah MW. Aflatoxin exposure in Nigerian children with severe acute malnutrition. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:356-362. [PMID: 29175577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin exposure is an important public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa as well as parts of Latin America and Asia. In addition to hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic aflatoxin exposure is believed to play a role in childhood growth impairment. The most reliable biomarker of chronic aflatoxin exposure is the aflatoxin-albumin adduct, as measured by ELISA or isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). In this report, we have used high resolution LC-MS/MS with IDMS to quantitate AFB1-lysine in an extremely vulnerable population of Nigerian children suffering from severe acute malnutrition. To increase the sensitivity and reliability of the analyses, a labelled AFB1-13C615N2-lysine internal standard was synthesized. AFB1-lysine concentrations in this population ranged between 0.2 and 59.2 pg/mg albumin, with a median value of 2.6 pg/mg albumin. AFB1-lysine concentrations were significantly higher in stunted children (median = 4.6 pg/mg) compared to non-stunted (1.2 pg/mg), as well as in children with severe acute malnutrition (4.3 pg/mg) compared to controls (0.8 pg/mg). The median concentrations were also higher in children with kwashiorkor (6.3 pg/mg) compared to those suffering from marasmus (0.9 pg/mg). This is the first report of the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry to quantitate AFB1-lysine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McMillan
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin M N Burgess
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adebola E Orimadegun
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun O Akinyinka
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Stephen J Allen
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Polo A, Nittoli C, Crispo A, Langastro T, Cocco S, Severino L, De Laurentiis M, Ciliberto G, Montella M, Budillon A, Costantini S. An interaction network approach to study the correlation between endocrine disrupting chemicals and breast cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2687-2696. [PMID: 29072741 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic exogenous substances affecting human health. Although present at low concentrations in the environment, they can cause a broad range of negative effects on the endocrine functions by mimicking the action of steroid hormones due to their structural similarity. Hormonal unbalance can play an important role in carcinogenesis at any stage of disease. In the case of the breast cancer, EDCs directly affect the transformation of normal breast cells into cancer cells by interfering with hormonal regulation and by inducing the alteration of factors that regulate gene expression. The principal aims of this work were to study the interaction networks of proteins modulated in breast cancer by either environmental EDCs or mycotoxins, and to identify the proteins with the strongest coordination role defined as hub nodes. Our studies evidenced the presence of seven and six hub proteins in two EDCs and mycotoxins networks, respectively. Then, by merging the two networks, we identified that three hub nodes (BCL2, ESR2 and CTNNB1) in the environmental EDCs network show direct interactions with three hub nodes (CASP8, RELA and MKI67) in the mycotoxins network. These data highlighted that two networks are linked through proteins involved in the apoptosis regulation and in processes related to cell proliferation and survival, and, thus, in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polo
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
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The Mycotoxin Zearalenone Hinders Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Morphogenesis. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 58:19-27. [PMID: 29434393 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast-mold mycobiota inhabit several natural ecosystems, in which symbiotic relationships drive strategic pathoadaptation. Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by diverse mycotoxigenic fungi as a defense against yeasts, though at times yeasts secrete enzymes that degrade, detoxify, or bio-transform mycotoxins. The present study is focused on the in vitro inhibitory effects of zearalenone (ZEN), a F2 mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium and Gibberella species, on different microbial strains. ZEN exhibited no effect on the planktonic growth or biofilms of several Gram positive and negative bacteria at the tested concentrations. Remarkably, Candida albicans biofilm formation and hyphal morphogenesis were significantly inhibited when treated with 100 µg/mL of ZEN. Likewise, ZEN proficiently disrupted pre-formed C. albicans biofilms without disturbing planktonic cells. Furthermore, these inhibitions were confirmed by crystal violet staining and XTT reduction assays and by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. In an in vivo model, ZEN significantly suppressed C. albicans infection in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The study reports the in vitro antibiofilm efficacy of ZEN against C. albicans strains, and suggests mycotoxigenic fungi participate in asymmetric competitive interactions, such as, amensalism or antibiosis, rather than commensal interactions with C. albicans, whereby mycotoxins secreted by fungi destroy C. albicans biofilms.
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271
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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272
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Kolesarova A, Medvedova M, Halenar M, Sirotkin AV, Bulla J. The influence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on steroid hormone production by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:823-832. [PMID: 28945498 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1356175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are frequently occurring in feed of pigs together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible in vitro effects of DON and ZEA, alone or their combination on steroid secretion of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). A species-specific model with porcine ovarian GCs was used to study the potential endocrine disrupting effects of DON and ZEA alone and in co-exposure. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this study demonstrate that DON alone at the higher concentrations may act to stimulate P4 (at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL-1 but not 10 and 100 ng mL-1) and E2 (at 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 ng mL-1 but not 10, 100 and 1000 ng mL-1) secretion. The effects of ZEA on P4 and E2 secretion were not confirmed. DON in combination with the other fusariotoxin ZEA may impair steroidogenesis. Results aslo demonstrate different toxicological effects of fusariotoxins on follicle stimulating hormone-induced secretion of P4 and E2. All these results taken together suggest that fusariotoxin and their interactions can impact ovarian steroidogenesis, thereby demonstrating their potential reproductive effects in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kolesarova
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Marina Medvedova
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Halenar
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Alexander V Sirotkin
- b Institute for Genetics and Reproduction of Farm Animals, Animal Production Research Centre Nitra , Lužianky , Slovak Republic
- c Department of Zoology and Anthropology , Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Bulla
- a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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273
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Sriwattanapong K, Slocum SL, Chawanthayatham S, Fedeles BI, Egner PA, Groopman JD, Satayavivad J, Croy RG, Essigmann JM. Editor's Highlight: Pregnancy Alters Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism and Increases DNA Damage in Mouse Liver. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:173-179. [PMID: 28973694 PMCID: PMC5837592 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex physiological state, in which the metabolism of endogenous as well as exogenous agents is ostensibly altered. One exogenous agent of concern is the hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a foodborne fungal toxin, that requires phase I metabolic oxidation for conversion to its toxic and carcinogenic form, the AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide. The epoxide interacts with cellular targets causing toxicity and cell death; these targets include the covalent modification of DNA leading to mutations that can initiate malignant transformation. The main detoxification pathway of the AFB1-epoxide involves phase II metabolic enzymes including the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) family. Pregnancy can modulate both phase I and II metabolism and alter the biological potency of AFB1. The present work investigated the impact of pregnancy on AFB1 exposure in mice. A single IP dose of 6 mg/kg AFB1 was administered to pregnant C57BL/6 J mice at gestation day 14 and matched non-pregnant controls. Pregnant mice accumulated 2-fold higher AFB1-N7-guanine DNA adducts in the liver when compared with nonpregnant controls 6 h post-exposure. Enhanced DNA adduct formation in pregnant animals paralleled elevated hepatic protein expression of mouse CYP1A2 and mouse homologs of human CYP3A4, phase I enzymes capable of bioactivating AFB1. Although phase II enzymes GSTA1/2 showed decreased protein expression, GSTA3, the primary enzymatic protection against the AFB1-epoxide, was unaffected at the protein level. Taken together, our results reveal that pregnancy may constitute a critical window of susceptibility for maternal health, and provide insight into the biochemical factors that could explain the underlying risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Sriwattanapong
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute,
Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Stephen L. Slocum
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
| | - Supawadee Chawanthayatham
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
| | - Bogdan I. Fedeles
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
| | - Patricia A. Egner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - John D. Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute,
Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Robert G. Croy
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
| | - John M. Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Chemistry, and Center for
Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139
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274
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Singh MP, Kang SC. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy activation attenuates fumonisin B1 induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:371-382. [PMID: 29097114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although pathological characteristics of fumonisin B1 are known to induce hepatic injury over prolonged periods, the cellular defense mechanisms against the detrimental effects of FB1 are still unknown. The underlying mechanisms of FB1 toxicity are thought to be related with the inhibition of ceramide synthase, causing an accumulation of sphingoid bases, which in turn cause development of oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated whether autophagy, a cellular defense mechanism, protects liver cells from FB1 exposure. To accomplish this, we utilized HepG2 cells and a mouse model to study the effects of FB1 in the autophagy pathway. FB1 was capable of inducing autophagy via the generation of ROS, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, phosphorylation of JNK, suppression of mTOR and activation of LC3I/II in HepG2 cells and mice livers. Treatment of HepG2 cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine alleviated ER stress stimulation and induced HepG2 cell death. Moreover, suppression of autophagy with 3-Methyladenine enhanced HepG2 cells apoptosis. Concurrently, four consecutive days exposure of mice livers to FB1 altered the levels of sphingoid bases, hepatic enzymes and induced histopathological changes. Moreover, the expression levels of major ER stress and autophagy-related markers such as PERK, IRE1-α, and LC3I/II also increased. Autophagy activation protected HepG2 cells and mice livers from the lethal effects of FB1. Hence, these findings specify that, the compounds that modify autophagy might be useful therapeutic agents for treatment of patients with FB1 induced liver ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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275
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Jiao J, Niu W, Wang Y, Baggerly K, Ye Y, Wu X, Davenport D, Almeda JL, Betancourt-Garcia MM, Forse RA, Stevenson HL, Watt GP, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Beretta L. Prevalence of Aflatoxin-Associated TP53R249S Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hispanics in South Texas. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:103-112. [PMID: 29089331 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether aflatoxin dietary exposure plays a role in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) observed among Hispanics in South Texas. We measured TP53R249S somatic mutation, hallmark of aflatoxin etiology in HCC, using droplet digital PCR and RFLP. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 3 of 41 HCC tumors from Hispanics in South Texas (7.3%). We also measured TP53R249S mutation in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 218 HCC patients and 96 Hispanic subjects with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, from South Texas. The mutation was detected only in Hispanic and Asian HCC patients, and patients harboring TP53R249S mutation were significantly younger and had a shorter overall survival. The mutation was not detected in any Hispanic subject with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Genes involved in cell-cycle control of chromosomal replication and in BRCA1-dependent DNA damage response were enriched in HCCs with TP53R249S mutation. The E2F1 family members, E2F1 and E2F4, were identified as upstream regulators. TP53R249S mutation was detected in 5.7% to 7.3% of Hispanics with HCC in South Texas. This mutation was associated with a younger age and worse prognosis. TP53R249S was however not detected in Hispanics in South Texas with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Aflatoxin exposure may contribute to a small number of HCCs in Hispanics in South Texas, but the detection of TP53R249S mutation in plasma cfDNA is not a promising biomarker of risk assessment for HCC in subjects with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis in this population. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 103-12. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weibo Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dewitt Davenport
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Jose Luis Almeda
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | | | - R Armour Forse
- Doctor's Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gordon P Watt
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Texas
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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276
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Mok Y, Matsushita K, Ballew SH, Sang Y, Jung KJ, Lee S, Jee SH, Coresh J. Kidney Function, Proteinuria, and Cancer Incidence: The Korean Heart Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:512-521. [PMID: 28601406 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cancer risk are inconsistent, and data for the proteinuria-cancer relationship are sparse. We sought to quantify the associations of cancer incidence with eGFR and with proteinuria in a large population-based cohort. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 242,583 adults (30-74 years old) without a diagnosis of cancer at baseline in the Korean Heart Study, based on health checkups in 1996 to 2004 with follow-up until 2012. PREDICTORS Creatinine-based eGFR (≥90, 60-89, 45-59, and <45mL/min/1.73m2) and dipstick proteinuria (undetectable/trace, 1+, 2+, and ≥3+). OUTCOMES Overall and site-specific cancer incidence based on ICD-10 codes. RESULTS 15,165 cases of cancer were detected. The relationship between eGFR and incidence of any cancer was J shaped, with the lowest risk at 45 to 59mL/min/1.73m2. There was 44% higher risk for any cancer among those with eGFRs<45mL/min/1.73m2 compared with those with eGFRs≥90mL/min/1.73m2 (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.87). High proteinuria was also associated with cancer risk, showing a dose-response relationship (HRs of 1.24 [95% CI, 1.13-1.35], 1.38 [95% CI, 1.17-1.63], and 1.66 [95% CI, 1.30-2.12] for 1+, 2+, and ≥3+ vs undetectable/trace). Examining site-specific cancer, eGFR<45 (vs ≥45) mL/min/1.73m2 was significantly associated with kidney and ureteral cancer, multiple myeloma, and leukemia, whereas proteinuria ≥ 1+ (vs undetectable/trace) was related to a broader set of cancers (ie, stomach, rectal, liver, lung, ovarian, kidney, bladder, and multiple myeloma). After excluding study participants with follow-up less than 3 years, the associations remained consistent for kidney cancer and myeloma with eGFR and for rectal, liver, lung, and ovarian cancer with proteinuria. LIMITATIONS Relatively small number of participants with severely reduced eGFR or 70 years or older. CONCLUSIONS Kidney measures, particularly proteinuria, were associated with increased incidence of cancer. Future studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Mok
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yingying Sang
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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277
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Misihairabgwi JM, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Shephard GS, Krska R. Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Southern Africa: A 10-year review (2007-2016). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:43-58. [PMID: 28799776 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major staple foods in Southern Africa are prone to mycotoxin contamination, posing health risks to consumers and consequent economic losses. Regional climatic zones favor the growth of one or more main mycotoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Aflatoxin contamination is mainly reported in maize, peanuts and their products, fumonisin contamination in maize and maize products and patulin in apple juice. Lack of awareness of occurrence and risks of mycotoxins, poor agricultural practices and undiversified diets predispose populations to dietary mycotoxin exposure. Due to a scarcity of reports in Southern Africa, reviews on mycotoxin contamination of foods in Africa have mainly focused on Central, Eastern and Western Africa. However, over the last decade, a substantial number of reports of dietary mycotoxins in South Africa have been documented, with fewer reports documented in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Despite the reported high dietary levels of mycotoxins, legislation for their control is absent in most countries in the region. This review presents an up-to-date documentation of the epidemiology of mycotoxins in agricultural food commodities and discusses the implications on public health, current and recommended mitigation strategies, legislation, and challenges of mycotoxin research in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Misihairabgwi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Medicine , University of Namibia , Windhoek, Namibia. P. Bag 13301, Windhoek , Namibia
| | - C N Ezekiel
- b Department of Microbiology , Babcock University, Ilishan Remo , Ogun State , Nigeria
| | - M Sulyok
- c Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln , Austria
| | - G S Shephard
- d Mycotoxicology and Chemoprevention Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology , Cape Peninsula University of Technology , PO Box 1906, Bellville , South Africa
| | - R Krska
- c Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, Tulln , Austria
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278
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Cui X, Muhammad I, Li R, Jin H, Guo Z, Yang Y, Hamid S, Li J, Cheng P, Zhang X. Development of a UPLC-FLD Method for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 in Animal Tissue to Study the Effect of Curcumin on Mycotoxin Clearance Rates. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:650. [PMID: 28959206 PMCID: PMC5603667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are well-known carcinogens for humans and animals health. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography linked with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) method was optimized and validated. In addition, we investigated for the first time, the influence of curcumin on residue depletion of AFB1 and AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of broiler chickens and estimated a necessary clearance time required for AFB1 and AFM1 residues. The results showed that the average recoveries of AFB1 varied in liver, kidney, and muscles between 82.32-85.56, 85.34-88.45, and 84.88-89.73% respectively, while the average recoveries of AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscles varied between 92.17-95.03, 94.12-97.21, and 95.32-98.51%, respectively. The detection limit of aflatoxin B1 was 0.008 ng/ml, while for aflatoxin M1 was 0.003 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for AFB1 and AFM1 was 0.02 and 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Clearance time for AFB1 and AFM1 residues were analyzed in two experimental groups of broilers. One group fed with dietary AFB1 (5.0 mg/kg feed) and other with curcumin+AFB1 diet (curcumin; 300 mg/kg feed, AFB1; 5.0 mg/kg feed). AFB1 and AFM1 residues clearance time was calculated based on LOQ using withdrawal time calculation software (WT1.4). Clearance time analyzed for AFB1 ranged from 11 to 19 days and for AFM1 ranged from 10 to 12 days at 95% confidence level. Interestingly, curcumin supplementation in the diet reduced the clearance time of AFM1 in liver and kidney but not in muscle tissues. Conclusively, the developed method can be appropriately used for the quality control testing of commercial broiler-meat processing companies, food manufacturers, and quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Cui
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Huiran Jin
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Zhaolin Guo
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed ControlHarbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Sattar Hamid
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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Jeszka-Skowron M, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Waśkiewicz A, Stępień Ł, Stanisz E. Positive and negative aspects of green coffee consumption - antioxidant activity versus mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4022-4028. [PMID: 28195330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of coffee depends not only on the contents of healthy compounds but also on its contamination with microorganisms that can produce mycotoxins during development, harvesting, preparation, transport and storage. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of green coffee brews measured in this study by ABTS, DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays showed that coffee extracts from Robusta beans possessed higher activity in all assays than extracts from Arabica beans. The occurrence of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in green coffee beans was studied using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Apart from mycotoxins, the content of ergosterol as a marker indicating fungal occurrence was also determined. Among aflatoxins, aflatoxin B1 was the dominant mycotoxin in coffee bean samples, with the highest level at 17.45 ng g-1 . Ochratoxin A was detected in four samples at levels ranging from 1.27 to 4.34 ng g-1 , and fungi potentially producing this toxin, namely Aspergillus oryzae, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus tamarii and Penicillium citrinum, were isolated. CONCLUSION Steaming and decaffeination of coffee beans increased antioxidant activities of brews in comparison with those prepared from unprocessed beans. Although toxins can be quantified in green coffee beans and novel fungi were isolated, their concentrations are acceptable according to legal limits. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jeszka-Skowron
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Stanisz
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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280
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Globus R, Qimron U. A technological and regulatory outlook on CRISPR crop editing. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1291-1298. [PMID: 28731201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generating plants with increased yields while maintaining low production and maintenance costs is highly important since plants are the major food source for humans and animals, as well as important producers of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and fuels. Gene editing approaches, particularly the CRISPR-Cas system, are the preferred methods for improving crops, enabling quick, robust, and accurate gene manipulation. Nevertheless, new breeds of genetically modified crops have initiated substantial debates concerning their biosafety, commercial use, and regulation. Here, we discuss the challenges facing genetic engineering of crops by CRISPR-cas, and highlight the pros and cons of using this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea Globus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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281
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Sineque AR, Macuamule CL, Dos Anjos FR. Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E951. [PMID: 28832541 PMCID: PMC5615488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the most toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus species. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in industrial and local chicken livers and gizzards in Maputo was investigated. One hundred boiler livers and 80 boiler gizzards were collected from industrial and local cutting poultry production sectors. The samples were analyzed by the ELISA method (MaxSignal®, Bioo Scientific Corporation). AFB1 was found in 39% of liver samples and 13.8% of gizzards, with mean levels of 1.73 µg/kg and 1.07 µg/kg, respectively. The frequency of contamination and AFB1 levels in samples from local sector producers was not significantly higher than those from industrial sector producers (p > 0.05). No correlation was found (p = 0.493; r² = 0.013) between AFB1 levels in livers and hepatic weights. The AFB1 levels were lower than the allowed limits, suggesting that these products do not pose high risk to consumers. Notwithstanding, there is a need to implement aflatoxin residue monitoring and controls in all chicken meat products; this economic and efficient technique appears to be valuable for improved food safety in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romão Sineque
- Biological Science Department, Science Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique.
| | - Custódia Lina Macuamule
- Paraclinic Department, Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique.
| | - Filomena Rosa Dos Anjos
- Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique.
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282
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Soares RRG, Azevedo AM, Fernandes P, Chu V, Conde JP, Aires-Barros MR. A simple method for point-of-need extraction, concentration and rapid multi-mycotoxin immunodetection in feeds using aqueous two-phase systems. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1511:15-24. [PMID: 28697933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid detection of mycotoxins in feed samples is becoming an increasingly relevant challenge for the food production sector, in order to effectively enforce current regulations and assure food and feed safety. To achieve rapid mycotoxin detection, several biosensing strategies have been published, many reaching assay times of the order of a few minutes. However, the vast majority of these rely on sample preparation based on volatile organic solvents, often comprising complex multi-step procedures and devoid of clean-up and/or concentration effects. Here, a novel sample preparation methodology based on a green, non-toxic and inexpensive polyethylene glycol-sodium citrate aqueous two-phase system is reported, providing single-step extraction and concentration of three target mycotoxins within 20min: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON). With point-of-need applications in mind, the extraction procedure was optimized and validated using a rapid multi-toxin microfluidic competitive immunoassay. The assay was successfully tested with spiked complex solid matrices including corn, soy, chickpea and sunflower-based feeds and limits of detection of 4.6ngg-1±15.8%, 24.1ngg-1±8.1% and 129.7ngg-1±53.1% (±CV) were obtained in corn for AFB1, OTA and DON, respectively. These sensitivities are fit-for-purpose at the required regulatory and recommended limits for animal feed, providing an effective and safe semi-quantitative mycotoxin analysis that can be performed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R G Soares
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Azevedo
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Raquel Aires-Barros
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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283
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De Santis B, Brera C, Mezzelani A, Soricelli S, Ciceri F, Moretti G, Debegnach F, Bonaglia MC, Villa L, Molteni M, Raggi ME. Role of mycotoxins in the pathobiology of autism: A first evidence. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:132-144. [PMID: 28795659 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1357793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Gene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to expound not only the autism pathogenesis but also the increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autistic spectrum disorder, attention-deficit, hyperactivity disorder). Among xenobiotics, mycotoxins are worldwide contaminants of food that provoke toxicological effects, crucially resembling several symptoms associated with autism such as oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, and inflammation. Here, we focused on a group of mycotoxins to test their role in the manifestation of autism, try to explain their mechanism of action, and discuss possible preventive and therapeutic interventions. Methods: Autistic children (n = 52) and healthy children [n = 58 (31 siblings and 27 unrelated subjects)] were recruited and body fluids and clinical data collected. The diagnosis of autism was made according to DSM V criteria, then with GMDS 0-2, WPPSI, and ADOS. Ochratoxin A (OTA), gliotoxin, zearalenone, and sphingosine/sphinganine ratio were determined by LC analysis in sera and urines. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon Rank Sum (Mann-Whitney) test and Spearman test. Results: By comparing the results of autistic patients with those of unrelated controls, a significant association was found for OTA levels in urines (P = 0.0002) and sera (P = 0.0017), and also comparing patients with siblings and unrelated controls together (P = 0.0081). Discussion: Our results are the first describing a possible role of OTA in the pathobiology of autism. Recalling the male prevalence of ASD (male/female = 4-5/1), it is noted that, in animal models, OTA exerts its neurotoxicity especially in males. Moreover, in vitro, OTA increases microRNA-132 that is dysregulated in autistic patients and involved in reciprocal regulation of the autism-related genes MeCP2 and PTEN. A personalized diet coupled with probiotic administration, especially OTA adsorbing Lactobacillus, could ameliorate autistic symptoms in OTA-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Santis
- a GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinery Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Carlo Brera
- a GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinery Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Alessandra Mezzelani
- b National Council of Research, Institute of Biomedical Technologies , Via f.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate , MI , Italy
| | - Sabina Soricelli
- a GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinery Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Francesca Ciceri
- c Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini , LC , Italy
| | - Giorgio Moretti
- a GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinery Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Francesca Debegnach
- a GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinery Public Health , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma , Italy
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- c Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini , LC , Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- c Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini , LC , Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- c Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini , LC , Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Raggi
- c Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea , Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini , LC , Italy
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284
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Abstract
Improving maternal and child nutrition is central to global development goals and reducing the noncommunicable disease burden. Although the process of becoming malnourished starts in utero, the consequences of poor nutrition extend across the life cycle and into future generations. The global nutrition targets for 2025 include reducing infant and young child growth faltering, halting the increase of overweight children, improving breastfeeding practices, and reducing maternal anemia. In this review, we address nutritional assessment, discuss nonnutritive factors that affect growth, and endorse the evidence-based interventions that should be scaled up to improve maternal and child nutrition.
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285
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286
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Tansel A, Katz LH, El-Serag HB, Thrift AP, Parepally M, Shakhatreh MH, Kanwal F. Incidence and Determinants of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:1207-1217.e4. [PMID: 28215616 PMCID: PMC5522646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of HCC and associated risk factors among patients with AIH. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and reference lists from relevant articles through June 2016 to identify cohort studies that examined the incidence of HCC in patients with AIH. We used random effects models to estimate pooled incidence rates overall and in subgroup of patients with cirrhosis. The between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistic. RESULTS A total of 25 studies (20 papers and 5 abstracts), including 6528 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The median cohort size was 170 patients with AIH (range, 25-1721 patients), followed for a median of 8.0 years (range, 3.3-16.0 years). The pooled incidence rate for HCC in patients with AIH was 3.06 per 1000 patient-years (95% confidence interval, 2.22-4.23; I2 = 51.5%; P = .002). The pooled incidence of HCC in patients with cirrhosis at AIH diagnosis was 10.07 per 1000 patient-years (95% confidence interval, 6.89-14.70; I2 = 48.8%; P = .015). In addition, 92 of 93 patients who had HCC had evidence of cirrhosis before or at the time of their HCC diagnosis. The risk of HCC seems to be lower in patients with AIH and cirrhosis than that reported for patients with cirrhosis from hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or primary biliary cholangitis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the increased risked of HCC shown in this meta-analysis, there may be a role for HCC surveillance in patients with AIH and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Tansel
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lior H Katz
- The Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mayur Parepally
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohammad H Shakhatreh
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Fasiha Kanwal
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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287
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Rotimi OA, Rotimi SO, Duru CU, Ebebeinwe OJ, Abiodun AO, Oyeniyi BO, Faduyile FA. Acute aflatoxin B1 - Induced hepatotoxicity alters gene expression and disrupts lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in rats. Toxicol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28959666 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.07.006;select dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(107)||chr(109)||chr(81)||chr(65),5) from dual--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, alterations in lipid metabolism associated with acute aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatotoxicity and gene expression changes underlying these effects were investigated. Rats were orally administered three doses (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg) of AFB1 for seven days; after which blood was collected and liver excised. Lipid profiles of plasma and liver were determined spectrophotometrically while the expression of genes associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was assayed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Acute exposure to AFB1 increased the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. AFB1 at 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent (1.2 and 1.5 fold, respectively) downregulation of hepatic Cpt1a with a concomitant 1.2 and 1.5 fold increase in the level of plasma FFA, respectively. A similar observation of 1.2 and 1.3 fold increase was also observed in plasma triglyceride concentration, at both respective doses. AFB1 also decreased the relative expression of Ahr, Lipc and Lcat whereas, it upregulated Scarb1 in a dose dependent manner. AFB1-induced dysregulation of the expression of lipid and lipoprotein metabolizing genes may be one mechanism linking AFB1 to altered lipid metabolism and ultimately risk for coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo Rotimi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chibueze Uchechukwu Duru
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ogheneworo Joel Ebebeinwe
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Obhio Abiodun
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Boluwaji Oluwamayowa Oyeniyi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Francis Adedayo Faduyile
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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288
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Rotimi OA, Rotimi SO, Duru CU, Ebebeinwe OJ, Abiodun AO, Oyeniyi BO, Faduyile FA. Acute aflatoxin B1 - Induced hepatotoxicity alters gene expression and disrupts lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:408-414. [PMID: 28959666 PMCID: PMC5615163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, alterations in lipid metabolism associated with acute aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatotoxicity and gene expression changes underlying these effects were investigated. Rats were orally administered three doses (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg) of AFB1 for seven days; after which blood was collected and liver excised. Lipid profiles of plasma and liver were determined spectrophotometrically while the expression of genes associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism was assayed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Acute exposure to AFB1 increased the levels of plasma and liver cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. AFB1 at 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent (1.2 and 1.5 fold, respectively) downregulation of hepatic Cpt1a with a concomitant 1.2 and 1.5 fold increase in the level of plasma FFA, respectively. A similar observation of 1.2 and 1.3 fold increase was also observed in plasma triglyceride concentration, at both respective doses. AFB1 also decreased the relative expression of Ahr, Lipc and Lcat whereas, it upregulated Scarb1 in a dose dependent manner. AFB1-induced dysregulation of the expression of lipid and lipoprotein metabolizing genes may be one mechanism linking AFB1 to altered lipid metabolism and ultimately risk for coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo Rotimi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chibueze Uchechukwu Duru
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ogheneworo Joel Ebebeinwe
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Obhio Abiodun
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Boluwaji Oluwamayowa Oyeniyi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Francis Adedayo Faduyile
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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289
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Ayelign A, Woldegiorgis AZ, Adish A, De Boevre M, Heyndrickx E, De Saeger S. Assessment of aflatoxin exposure among young children in Ethiopia using urinary biomarkers. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1606-1616. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1350290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Ayelign
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrie Zewdu Woldegiorgis
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulaziz Adish
- Micronutrient Initiative (MI), Deputy Regional Director, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Heyndrickx
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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290
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De Santis B, Raggi ME, Moretti G, Facchiano F, Mezzelani A, Villa L, Bonfanti A, Campioni A, Rossi S, Camposeo S, Soricelli S, Moracci G, Debegnach F, Gregori E, Ciceri F, Milanesi L, Marabotti A, Brera C. Study on the Association among Mycotoxins and other Variables in Children with Autism. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9070203. [PMID: 28661468 PMCID: PMC5535150 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are implicated in the increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mycotoxins are agricultural contaminants of fungal origin that represent real risk factors for human health and especially for children. Thus, the main hypothesis of this work is that the deterioration of the clinical manifestation of autism in children may result from the exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of contaminated food. Within a cross-sectional study, a group of autistic children (n = 172) and a group of controls (n = 61) (siblings and non-parental) were recruited in North and South Italy. All children had blood and urine samples taken, for testing some mycotoxins by a LC-MS/MS validated method. Blood samples were also tested for assessing specific IgG against food and fungal antigens and cytokines. The analyses outputs highlighted statistically significant differences comparing mycotoxins levels between (i) children groups both in urine (deoxynivalenol and de-epoxydeoxynivalenol, p = 0.0141 and p = 0.0259, respectively) and serum (aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1, p = 0.0072, p = 0.0141 and p = 0.0061, respectively); (ii) a group of selected fungal IgGs, and IgGs against wheat and gluten and (iii) cytokines. These results suggest the need for a deeper examination of the role that mycotoxins may have on the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara De Santis
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisabetta Raggi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Moretti
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute for Health, viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Mezzelani
- National Council of Research, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Villa
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bonfanti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Campioni
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Institute for Health, viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Serena Camposeo
- Scientific Institute, IRCSS Eugenio Medea, 72100 Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Sabina Soricelli
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Moracci
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Debegnach
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Gregori
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ciceri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- National Council of Research, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milano, Italy.
| | - Anna Marabotti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20-23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Carlo Brera
- GMO and Mycotoxin Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute for Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Roma, Italy.
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291
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Abass AB, Awoyale W, Sulyok M, Alamu EO. Occurrence of Regulated Mycotoxins and Other Microbial Metabolites in Dried Cassava Products from Nigeria. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E207. [PMID: 28661436 PMCID: PMC5535154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried cassava products are perceived as one of the potential sources of mycotoxin ingestion in human foods. Processing either contributes to the reduction of toxins or further exposes products to contamination by microorganisms that release metabolic toxins into the products. Thus, the prevalence of microbial metabolites in 373 processed cassava products was investigated in Nigeria. With the use of liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the constituent analysis, a few major mycotoxins (aflatoxin B₁ and G₁, fumonisin B₁ and B₂, and zearalenone) regulated in food crops by the Commission of the European Union were found at concentrations which are toxicologically acceptable in many other crops. Some bioactive compounds were detected at low concentrations in the cassava products. Therefore, the exposure of cassava consumers in Nigeria to regulated mycotoxins was estimated to be minimal. The results provide useful information regarding the probable safety of cassava products in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo B Abass
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan 200285, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Wasiu Awoyale
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan 200285, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwara State University Malete, PMB 1530, Ilorin 240001, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Emmanuel O Alamu
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan 200285, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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292
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Yang X, Zhang Q, Chen ZY, Liu H, Li P. Investigation of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 3JW1 on preventing and reducing aflatoxin contaminations in peanuts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178810. [PMID: 28640833 PMCID: PMC5480873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 3JW1, which has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, was studied to investigate whether it affects the amounts of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus flavus. It was found that the bacterium reduced the amounts of AFB1 in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and peanut medium by 97.8% and 99.4%, respectively. It also reduced AFB1 by ~183 μg/kg (55.8%) when applied onto peanut kernels. This strain reduced AFB1 via three mechanisms. First, it significantly inhibited A. flavus growth; second, our data showed that strain 3JW1 inhibits aflatoxin biosynthesis by A. flavus; and third, P. fluorescens strain 3JW1 is capable of degrading AFB1 at a rate as high as 88.3% in 96 hours. This is the first report demonstrating that Pseudomonas fluorescens can reduce toxin contamination caused by A. flavus on peanut kernels. Our findings indicate that P. fluorescens strain 3JW1 had multiple effects including reducing A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination. And the results also highlight the potential applications of the strain 3JW1 for the biological control of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts and other susceptible crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P. R. China
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293
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Ranđelović M, Kostić J, Stošić N, Đorđević I, Spasić A, Ranđelović G. AFLATOXINS: MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE, VULNERABLE POPULATION GROUPS AND POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE MEASURES. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2017. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2017.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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294
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Aflatoxin B1 Tolerance and Accumulation in Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Yellow Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060185. [PMID: 28574433 PMCID: PMC5488035 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops contaminated with fungal mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are often downgraded or removed from the food chain. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance and accumulation of AFB1 in two insect species to determine whether they could be used to retain condemned mycotoxin contaminated crops in the food chain. First, instar black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, BSF) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, YMW) were fed poultry feed spiked with AFB1 and formulated to contain levels of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, and up to 0.5 mg/kg dry feed. Poultry feed without any additions and feed with only the solvent added served as controls. The AFB1 in the feed did not affect survival and body weight in the BSF and YMW larvae (p > 0.10), indicating a high tolerance to aflatoxin B1 in both species. Furthermore, AFB1 and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) were below the detection limit (0.10 µg/kg) in BSF larvae, whereas the YMW had AFB1 levels that were approximately 10% of the European Union's legal limit for feed materials and excreted AFM1. It is concluded that both BSF larvae and YMW have a high AFB1 tolerance and do not accumulate AFB1.
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295
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Removal of fumonisin B1 and B2 from model solutions and red wine using polymeric substances. Food Chem 2017; 224:207-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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296
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Young AG. Risky resources: Household production, food contamination, and perceptions of aflatoxin exposure among Zambian female farmers. ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/sea2.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson G. Young
- Department of Anthropology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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297
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Ge J, Yu H, Li J, Lian Z, Zhang H, Fang H, Qian L. Assessment of aflatoxin B1 myocardial toxicity in rats: mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by aflatoxin B1. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1015-1023. [PMID: 28553767 PMCID: PMC5536410 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517706579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The number of deaths from heart disease is increasing worldwide. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is frequently detected in improperly processed/stored human food products. While AFB1 hepatotoxicity and carcinogenic properties have been well addressed, its myocardial toxicity is poorly documented. This study aimed to investigate myocardial toxic activity of AFB1. Methods Ten rats were fed with AFB1 at a dose that did not result in acute toxic reactions for 30 days and 10 vehicle-fed rats served as controls. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick-end labelling assay was performed to detect apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Western blotting was performed to measure apoptotic proteins (i.e., active caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) in heart tissue. Results AFB1 treatment resulted in mitochondrial membrane disruption and disorganization of cristae, which are indicators of mitochondrial damage. Myocardial cell apoptosis was significantly higher after AFB1 treatment (22.07% ± 3.29%) compared with controls (6.27% ± 2.78%, P < 0.05). AFB1 treatment enhanced expression of active caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in cardiac tissue. Conclusion Various adverse effects are exerted by AFB1 on the heart, indicating AFB1 myocardial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhexun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lusha Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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298
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Jamil TS, Abbas H, Nasr RA, El-Kady AA, Ibrahim MI. Detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 using nano-sized Sc-doped SrTi 0.7 Fe 0.3 O 3 under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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299
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Yao J, Sun Y, Li Q, Wang F, Teng M, Yang Y, Deng R, Hu X. Colloidal gold-McAb probe-based rapid immunoassay strip for simultaneous detection of fumonisins in maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2223-2229. [PMID: 27616272 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisins are a kind of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin. A rapid immunochromatographic test strip has been developed for simultaneous detection of fumonisin B1 , B2 and B3 (FB1 , FB2 and FB3 ) in maize based on colloidal gold-labelled monoclonal antibody (McAb) against FB1 probe. RESULTS The anti-FB1 McAb (2E11-H3) was produced through immunisation and cell fusion, and identified as high affinity, specificity and sensitivity. The cross-reaction ratios with fumonisin B2 and B3 were accordingly 385% and 72.4%, while none with other analogues. The colloid gold-labelled anti-FB1 McAb probe was successfully prepared and used for establishing the immunochromatographic strip. The test strip showed high sensitivity and specificity, the IC50 for FB1 was 58.08 ng mL-1 , LOD was 11.24 ng mL-1 , calculated from standard curve. Moreover, the test strip exhibited high cross-reactivity with FB2 and FB3 , and could be applied to the simultaneous detection of FBs (FB1 :FB2 :FB3 = 12:4:1) in maize sample with high accuracy and precision. The average recoveries of FBs in maize ranged from 90.42% to 95.29%, and CVs were 1.25-3.77%. The results of the test strip for FBs samples showed good correlation with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. CONCLUSION The immunochromatographic test strip could be employed in the rapid simultaneous detection of FB1 , FB2 and FB3 in maize samples on-site. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Man Teng
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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300
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Medhanie GA, Fedewa SA, Adissu H, DeSantis CE, Siegel RL, Jemal A. Cancer incidence profile in sub-Saharan African-born blacks in the United States: Similarities and differences with US-born non-Hispanic blacks. Cancer 2017; 123:3116-3124. [PMID: 28407201 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan African-born blacks (ABs) are one of the fastest-growing populations in the United States. However, to the authors' knowledge, data regarding the cancer burden in this group are lacking, which would inform targeted cancer prevention and control. METHODS The authors calculated age-standardized proportional incidence ratios (PIRs) comparing the frequency of the top 15 cancers in ABs with that of US-born non-Hispanic blacks (USBs) by sex and region of birth using incidence data for 2000 through 2012 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 17) program. RESULTS Compared with USBs, ABs had significantly higher PIRs of infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and Kaposi sarcoma), blood cancers (leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), prostate cancer, and thyroid cancers (females only). For example, the PIR for Kaposi sarcoma in AB versus USB women was 12.06 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.23-18.90). In contrast, ABs had lower PIRs for smoking-related and colorectal cancers (eg, for lung cancer among men, the PIR was 0.30 [95% CI, 0.27-0.34]). Furthermore, cancer occurrence in ABs versus USBs varied by region of birth. For example, the higher PIRs for liver cancer noted among male ABs (PIR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.79-5.35) and for thyroid cancer in female ABs (PIR, 3.03; 95% CI, 2.03-4.02) were confined to Eastern African-born blacks, whereas the higher PIR for prostate cancer (PIR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.78, 2.02) was confined to Western African-born blacks. CONCLUSIONS The cancer incidence profile of ABs is different from that of USBs and varies by region of birth, suggesting differences in environmental, cultural, social, and genetic factors. The findings of the current study could stimulate etiologic research and help to inform targeted interventions. Cancer 2017;123:3116-24. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genet A Medhanie
- Food Animal and Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Carol E DeSantis
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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