251
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Sugita K, Akdis CA. Recent developments and advances in atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Allergol Int 2020; 69:204-214. [PMID: 31648922 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA), particularly on molecular mechanisms and disease endotypes, recent developments in global strategies for the management of patients, pipeline for future treatments, primary and secondary prevention and psychosocial aspects. During the recent years, there has been major advances in personalized/precision medicine linked to better understanding of disease pathophysiology and precision treatment options of AD. A greater understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AD through substantial progress in epidemiology, genetics, skin immunology and psychological aspects resulted in advancements in the precision management of AD. However, the implementation of precision medicine in the management of AD still requires the validation of reliable biomarkers, which will provide more tailored management, starting from prevention strategies towards targeted therapies for more severe diseases. Cutaneous exposure to food via defective barriers is an important route of sensitization to food allergens. Studies on the role of the skin barrier genes demonstrated their association with the development of IgE-mediated FA, and suggest novel prevention and treatment strategies for type 2 diseases in general because of their link to barrier defects not only in AD and FA, but also in asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis and inflammatory bowel disease. The development of more accurate diagnostic tools, biomarkers for early prediction, and innovative solutions require a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiology of FA. Based on these developments, this review provides an overview of novel developments and advances in AD and FA, which are reported particularly during the last two years.
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252
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Vandenplas Y, Carnielli VP, Ksiazyk J, Luna MS, Migacheva N, Mosselmans JM, Picaud JC, Possner M, Singhal A, Wabitsch M. Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development. Nutrition 2020; 78:110812. [PMID: 32464473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life intestinal microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its development before, at, and after birth. A literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases. A growing body of evidence indicates that the intrauterine environment is not sterile as once presumed, but that maternal-fetal transmission of microbiota occurs during pregnancy. The consecutive order of bacteria with which the gastrointestinal tract is colonized will influence the outcome of community assembly and the ecological success of individual colonizers. The genetic background of the infant may also strongly influence microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition and development of infant gut microbiota can be influenced by many prenatal factors, such as maternal diet, obesity, smoking status, and use of antibiotic agents during pregnancy. Mode of delivery is generally accepted as a major factor determining the initial colonization. Breast milk stimulates the most balanced microbiome development for the infant, mainly because of its high content of unique oligosaccharides. Feeding is another important factor to determine intestinal colonization. Compared with breastfed infants, formula-fed infants have an increased richness of species. Initial clinical studies show that infant formulas supplemented with specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) -2´-fucosyllactose alone or in combination with lacto-n-neotetraose are structurally identical to those in breast milk. HMOs increase the proportion of infants with a high bifidobacterial-dominated gut microbiota typical of that observed in breastfed infants, lead to plasma immune marker profiles similar to those of breast-fed infants and to lower morbidity and antibiotics use. Further clinical studies with the same, others or more HMOs are needed to confirm these clinical effects. A growing number of studies have reported on how the composition and development of the microbiota during early life will affect risk factors related to health up to and during adulthood. If exclusive breastfeeding is not possible, the composition of infant formula should be adapted to stimulate the development of a bifidobacterial-dominated gut microbiota typical of that observed in breastfed infants. The main components in breast milk that stimulate the growth of specific bifidobacteria are HMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V P Carnielli
- Neonatal Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - J Ksiazyk
- The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Sanchez Luna
- Neonatology Division, Complutense University. Research Institute University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Migacheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - J C Picaud
- Neonatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon and CarMen Unit, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - M Possner
- Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Singhal
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Great Ormond Street, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Wabitsch
- Ulm University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Centre for Hormonal Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Ulm, Germany
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253
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Lipid mediators and asthma: Scope of therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113925. [PMID: 32217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their mediators are known to play a pro-inflammatory role in several human diseases including asthma. The influence of leukotrienes and prostaglandins through arachidonate metabolism in asthma pathophysiology is well established and hence, prompted the way for therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolites. In addition, various types of fatty acids have been reported to play a diverse role in asthma. For instance, CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation towards T-effector (Teff) or T-regulatory (Tregs) cells seems to be controlled reciprocally by fatty acid metabolic pathways. Further, the dysregulated lipid status in obesity complicates the asthma manifestations suggesting the role of lipid metabolites particularly ω-6 fatty acids in the process. On the other hand, clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests the role of short chain fatty acids in curbing asthma through upregulation of T-regulatory cells or clearance of inflammatory cells through promoting apoptosis. Accordingly, the present review compiles various studies for comprehensive analysis of different types of lipid based metabolites in asthma manifestation. Finally, we have proposed certain strategies which may enhance the usefulness of lipid mediators for balanced immune response during asthma.
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254
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Venter C, Eyerich S, Sarin T, Klatt KC. Nutrition and the Immune System: A Complicated Tango. Nutrients 2020; 12:E818. [PMID: 32204518 PMCID: PMC7146186 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enthusiasm exists for the potential of diet to impact the immune system, prevent disease and its therapeutic potential. Herein, we describe the challenge to nutrition scientists in defining this relationship through case studies of diets and nutrients in the context of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Moderate-quality evidence exists from both human intervention and observational studies to suggest that diet and individual nutrients can influence systemic markers of immune function and inflammation; numerous challenges exist for demonstrating the impact of defined diets and nutrient interventions on clearly influencing immune-mediated-clinical disease endpoints. A growing body of evidence suggests that further consideration of dietary patterns, immune system and gut microbiome composition and function, and subsequent epigenetic modifications are needed to improve our understanding of diet-immune system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Biedersteinerstrass 29, 80802 Munich, Germany;
| | - Tara Sarin
- Section of Allergy & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Kevin C. Klatt
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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255
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Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10030097. [PMID: 32155960 PMCID: PMC7142494 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss gut microbial-derived metabolites involved with the origins and pathophysiology of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease that is influenced by the microbiome. Although both gut and airway microbiomes may be important in asthma development, we focus here on the gut microbiome and metabolomic pathways involved in immune system ontogeny. Metabolite classes with existing evidence that microbial-derived products influence asthma risk include short chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bile acids. While tryptophan metabolites and sphingolipids have known associations with asthma, additional research is needed to clarify the extent to which the microbiome contributes to the effects of these metabolites on asthma. These metabolite classes can influence immune function in one of two ways: (i) promoting growth or maturity of certain immune cell populations or (ii) influencing antigenic load by enhancing the number or species of specific bacteria. A more comprehensive understanding of how gut microbes and metabolites interact to modify asthma risk and morbidity will pave the way for targeted diagnostics and treatments.
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256
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Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Effect of intrapartum antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of infants: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105:201-208. [PMID: 31296695 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-316659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has become common practice in obstetric medicine and is used in up to 40% of deliveries. Despite its benefits, the risks associated with exposing large numbers of infants to antibiotics, especially long-term effects on health through changes in the microbiota, remain unclear. This systematic review summarises studies that have investigated the effect of IAP on the intestinal microbiota of infants. METHODS A systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE was used to identify original studies that investigated the effect of IAP on the intestinal microbiota in infants. Studies were excluded if: they included preterm infants, the antibiotic regimen was not specified, antibiotics were used for indications other than prophylaxis, probiotics were given to mothers or infants, or antibiotics were given to infants. RESULTS We identified six studies, which investigated a total of 272 infants and included 502 stool samples collected up to 3 months of age. In all the studies, IAP was given for group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation. Infants who were exposed to GBS IAP had a lower bacterial diversity, a lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacteriaceae, and a larger relative abundance of Proteobacteria in their intestinal microbiota compared with non-exposed infants. Conflicting results were reported for the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS GBS IAP has profound effects on the intestinal microbiota of infants by diminishing beneficial commensals. Such changes during the early-life 'critical window' during which the intestinal microbiota and the immune response develop concurrently may have an important influence on immune development. The potential long-term adverse consequences of this on the health of children warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR and Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic diseases are prototypic examples for gene × environment-wide interactions. This review considers the current evidence for genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in allergic diseases and highlights barriers and facilitators for the implementation of these novel tools both for research and clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS The value of whole-genome sequencing studies and the use of polygenic risk score analysis in homogeneous well characterized populations are currently being tested. Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, especially through mediating the effects of the environmental factors, well recognized risk modifiers. There is emerging evidence for the immune-modulatory role of probiotics through epigenetic changes. Direct or indirect targeting of epigenetic mechanisms affect expression of the genes favouring the development of allergic diseases and can improve tissue biology. The ability to specifically edit the epigenome, especially using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, holds the promise of enhancing understanding of how epigenetic modifications function and enabling manipulation of cell phenotype for research or therapeutic purposes. SUMMARY Additional research in the role of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in relation to allergic diseases' endotypes is needed. An international project characterizing the human epigenome in relation to allergic diseases is warranted.
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258
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Altered gut microbiota by azithromycin attenuates airway inflammation in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1466-1469.e8. [PMID: 32035985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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259
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Fitzgibbon G, Mills KHG. The microbiota and immune-mediated diseases: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:326-337. [PMID: 31991477 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of diverse microorganisms, termed the microbiota, reside in the gut, respiratory tract, skin, and genital tract of humans and other animals. Recent advances in metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatics have enabled detailed characterization of these vital microbial communities. Studies in animal models have uncovered vital previously unrecognized roles for the microbiota in normal function of the immune responses, and when perturbed, in the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, but also at distant sites in the body including the brain. The composition of gut and respiratory microbiota can influence systemic inflammatory responses that mediate asthma, allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-related diseases, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments in mouse models as well as emerging clinical studies have revealed that therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota, using fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, or engineered probiotics represent effective nontoxic approaches for the treatment or prevention of Clostridium difficile infection, allergy, and autoimmune diseases and may enhance the efficacy of certain cancer immunotherapeutics. This review discusses how commensal bacteria can influence immune responses that mediate a range of human diseases and how the microbiota are being targeted to treat these diseases, especially those resistant to pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Fitzgibbon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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260
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Voskamp AL, Kormelink TG, van Wijk RG, Hiemstra PS, Taube C, de Jong EC, Smits HH. Modulating local airway immune responses to treat allergic asthma: lessons from experimental models and human studies. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:95-110. [PMID: 32020335 PMCID: PMC7066288 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With asthma affecting over 300 million individuals world-wide and estimated to affect 400 million by 2025, developing effective, long-lasting therapeutics is essential. Allergic asthma, where Th2-type immunity plays a central role, represents 90% of child and 50% of adult asthma cases. Research based largely on animal models of allergic disease have led to the generation of a novel class of drugs, so-called biologicals, that target essential components of Th2-type inflammation. Although highly efficient in subclasses of patients, these biologicals and other existing medication only target the symptomatic stage of asthma and when therapy is ceased, a flare-up of the disease is often observed. Therefore, it is suggested to target earlier stages in the inflammatory cascade underlying allergic airway inflammation and to focus on changing and redirecting the initiation of type 2 inflammatory responses against allergens and certain viral agents. This focus on upstream aspects of innate immunity that drive development of Th2-type immunity is expected to have longer-lasting and disease-modifying effects, and may potentially lead to a cure for asthma. This review highlights the current understanding of the contribution of local innate immune elements in the development and maintenance of inflammatory airway responses and discusses available leads for successful targeting of those pathways for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Voskamp
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Groot Kormelink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Gerth van Wijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Allergology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - E C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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261
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Abdel-Aziz MI, Neerincx AH, Vijverberg SJ, Kraneveld AD, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Omics for the future in asthma. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:111-126. [PMID: 31942640 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, complex, multifaceted disease. It comprises multiple phenotypes, which might benefit from treatment with different types of innovative targeted therapies. Refining these phenotypes and understanding their underlying biological structure would help to apply precision medicine approaches. Using different omics methods, such as (epi)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and exposomics, allowed to view and investigate asthma from diverse angles. Technological advancement led to a large increase in the application of omics studies in the asthma field. Although the use of omics technologies has reduced the gap between bench to bedside, several design and methodological challenges still need to be tackled before omics can be applied in asthma patient care. Collaborating under a centralized harmonized work frame (such as in consortia, under consistent methodologies) could help worldwide research teams to tackle these challenges. In this review, we discuss the transition of single biomarker research to multi-omics studies. In addition, we deliberate challenges such as the lack of standardization of sampling and analytical methodologies and validation of findings, which comes in between omics and personalized patient care. The future of omics in asthma is encouraging but not completely clear with some unanswered questions, which have not been adequately addressed before. Therefore, we highlight these questions and emphasize on the importance of fulfilling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne J Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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262
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Tham EH, Rajakulendran M, Lee BW, Van Bever HPS. Epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens in atopic dermatitis: What do we know? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:7-18. [PMID: 31541586 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting children, which has no definitive curative therapy apart from natural outgrowing. AD is persistent in 30%-40% of children. Epithelial barrier dysfunction in AD is a significant risk factor for the development of epicutaneous food sensitization, food allergy, and other allergic disorders. There is evidence that prophylactic emollient applications from birth may be useful for primary prevention of AD, but biomarkers are needed to guide cost-effective targeted therapy for high-risk individuals. In established early-onset AD, secondary preventive strategies are needed to attenuate progression to other allergic disorders such as food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis (the atopic march). This review aims to describe the mechanisms underpinning the development of epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens and progression to clinical food allergy; summarize current evidence for interventions to halt the progression from AD to food sensitization and clinical food allergy; and highlight unmet needs and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohana Rajakulendran
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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263
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Michalovich D, Rodriguez-Perez N, Smolinska S, Pirozynski M, Mayhew D, Uddin S, Van Horn S, Sokolowska M, Altunbulakli C, Eljaszewicz A, Pugin B, Barcik W, Kurnik-Lucka M, Saunders KA, Simpson KD, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Ferstl R, Frei R, Sievi N, Kohler M, Gajdanowicz P, Graversen KB, Lindholm Bøgh K, Jutel M, Brown JR, Akdis CA, Hessel EM, O'Mahony L. Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5711. [PMID: 31836714 PMCID: PMC6911092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve targeted therapeutic approaches for asthma patients, insights into the molecular mechanisms that differentially contribute to disease phenotypes, such as obese asthmatics or severe asthmatics, are required. Here we report immunological and microbiome alterations in obese asthmatics (n = 50, mean age = 45), non-obese asthmatics (n = 53, mean age = 40), obese non-asthmatics (n = 51, mean age = 44) and their healthy counterparts (n = 48, mean age = 39). Obesity is associated with elevated proinflammatory signatures, which are enhanced in the presence of asthma. Similarly, obesity or asthma induced changes in the composition of the microbiota, while an additive effect is observed in obese asthma patients. Asthma disease severity is negatively correlated with fecal Akkermansia muciniphila levels. Administration of A. muciniphila to murine models significantly reduces airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation. Changes in immunological processes and microbiota composition are accentuated in obese asthma patients due to the additive effects of both disease states, while A. muciniphila may play a non-redundant role in patients with a severe asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Rodriguez-Perez
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pirozynski
- Department of Allergology and Pulmonology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Mayhew
- Computational Biology, Human Genetics, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Sorif Uddin
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK.,Boehringer Ingelheim, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stephanie Van Horn
- Target and Pathway Validation, Target Sciences, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Noriane Sievi
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Gajdanowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katrine B Graversen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James R Brown
- Computational Biology, Human Genetics, GSK R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland. .,Depts of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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Eiwegger T, Hung L, San Diego KE, O'Mahony L, Upton J. Recent developments and highlights in food allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:2355-2367. [PMID: 31593325 DOI: 10.1111/all.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of long-lasting, safe treatments for food allergy is dependent on the understanding of the immunological basis of food allergy. Accurate diagnosis is essential for management. In recent years, data from oral food challenges have revealed that routine allergy testing is poor at predicting clinical allergy for tree nuts, almonds in particular. More advanced antigen-based tests including component-resolved diagnostics and epitope reactivity may lead to more accurate diagnosis and selection of therapeutic intervention. Additional diagnostic accuracy may come from cellular tests such as the basophil activation test or mast cell approaches. In the context of clinical trials, cellular tests have revealed specific T-cell and B-cell populations that are more abundant in food-allergic individuals with distinct mechanistic features. Awareness of clinical markers, such as the ability to eat baked forms of milk and egg, continues to inform the understanding of natural tolerance development. Mouse models have allowed for investigation into multiple mechanisms of food allergy including modification of epithelial metabolism, and the induction of regulatory cell subsets and the microbiome. Increasing numbers of children who underwent food immunotherapy enlarged the body of evidence on mechanisms and predictors of treatment success. Experimental immunological markers in conjunction with clinical determinants such as lower age and lower initial specific IgE appear to be of benefit. More research on the optimal dose, preparation, and route of application integrating a high-level safety and efficacy is demanded. Alternatively, biologics blocking TSLP, IL-33, IL-4 and IL-13, or IgE may help to achieve that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Julia Upton
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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265
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Schmiechen ZC, Weissler KA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Recent developments in understanding the mechanisms of food allergy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019; 31:807-814. [PMID: 31693591 PMCID: PMC6993896 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of food allergy is rising globally. This review will discuss recent discoveries regarding the immunologic mechanisms that drive the initial sensitization and allergic response to food antigens, which may inform prevention and treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Tolerance to food antigens is antigen-specific and promoted by oral exposure early in life and maternal transfer of immune complexes via breast milk. IgG can inhibit both the initiation and effector phases of allergic responses to food antigens in mice, and high levels of food-specific IgG4 are associated with acquisition of tolerance in humans. Disruption of the skin barrier provides a route for food sensitization through the actions of mast cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and IL-33 signaling. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote acquisition of oral tolerance, although defects in circulating allergen-specific Tregs are not evident in children with established food allergy. Certain microbes can offer protection against the development of IgE and food allergic responses, while dysbiosis increases susceptibility to food allergy. SUMMARY Tolerance to food antigens is antigen-specific and is promoted by oral exposure early in life, maternal transfer of immune complexes, food-specific IgG, Tregs, an intact skin barrier, and a healthy microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe C Schmiechen
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Breiteneder H, Diamant Z, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Nadeau K, O’Hehir RE, O’Mahony L, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Wang DY, Zhang L, Akdis CA. Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care. Allergy 2019; 74:2293-2311. [PMID: 31056763 PMCID: PMC6973012 DOI: 10.1111/all.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The specialties of allergy and clinical immunology have entered the era of precision medicine with the stratification of diseases into distinct disease subsets, specific diagnoses, and targeted treatment options, including biologicals and small molecules. This article reviews recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline. The section on basic mechanisms of allergic diseases summarizes the current status and defines research needs in structural biology, type 2 inflammation, immune tolerance, neuroimmune mechanisms, role of the microbiome and diet, environmental factors, and respiratory viral infections. In the section on diagnostic challenges, clinical trials, precision medicine and immune monitoring of allergic diseases, asthma, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of drug hypersensitivity reactions are discussed in further detail. In the third section, unmet needs and future research areas for the treatment of allergic diseases are highlighted with topics on food allergy, biologics, small molecules, and novel therapeutic concepts in allergen‐specific immunotherapy for airway disease. Unknowns and future research needs are discussed at the end of each subsection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Department of Pediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Immunology The University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford California
| | - Robyn E. O’Hehir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg, Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Unit Regional University Hospital of MalagaIBIMA‐UMA‐ARADyAL Malaga Spain
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing China
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich Davos Switzerland
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267
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Bunyavanich S, Berin MC. Food allergy and the microbiome: Current understandings and future directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1468-1477. [PMID: 31812181 PMCID: PMC6905201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence points to an important role for the commensal microbiota in susceptibility to food allergy. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate associations between exposures known to modify the microbiome and risk of food allergy. Direct profiling of the gut microbiome in human cohort studies has demonstrated that individuals with food allergy have distinct gut microbiomes compared to healthy control subjects, and dysbiosis precedes the development of food allergy. Mechanistic studies in mouse models of food allergy have confirmed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can imprint susceptibility or resistance to food allergy on the host and have identified a unique population of microbially responsive RORγt-positive FOXp3-positive regulatory T cells as critical for the maintenance of tolerance to foods. Armed with this new understanding of the role of the microbiota in food allergy and tolerance, therapeutics aimed at modifying the gastrointestinal microbiota are in development. In this article we review key milestones in the development of our current understanding of how the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to food allergy and discuss our vision for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; PRIISM Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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268
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Nibbering B, Ubags NDJ. Microbial interactions in the atopic march. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:12-23. [PMID: 31777060 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is populated by a large number of microorganisms and exist in symbiosis with these immensely diverse communities, which are suggested to influence health and disease. The microbiota plays an essential role in the maturation and function of the immune system. The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased drastically over the past decades, and the co-occurrence of multiple allergic diseases and allergic sensitization starting in early life has gained a great deal of attention. Immune responses in different organs affected by allergic diseases (e.g. skin, intestine and lung) may be linked to microbial changes in peripheral tissues. In the current review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of microbial interactions in allergic diseases and their potential role in the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nibbering
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N D J Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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The Beneficial Effect of Farm Milk Consumption on Asthma, Allergies, and Infections: From Meta-Analysis of Evidence to Clinical Trial. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:878-889.e3. [PMID: 31770653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The low prevalence of asthma and allergies in farm children has partially been ascribed to the consumption of raw cow's milk. A literature search identified 12 publications on 8 pertinent studies. A meta-analysis corroborated the protective effect of raw milk consumption early in life (<1 to 5 years, according to study) on asthma (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.69), current wheeze (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.78), hay fever or allergic rhinitis (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.82), and atopic sensitization (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.95). The effect particularly on asthma was observed not only in children raised on farms (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.82) but also in children living in rural areas but not on a farm (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.74). This demonstrates that the effect of farm milk consumption is independent of other farm exposures and that children not living on a farm can theoretically profit from this effect. Because of the minimal but real risk of life-threatening infections, however, consumption of raw milk and products thereof is strongly discouraged. Raw farm milk and industrially processed milk differ in many instances including removal of cellular components, manipulation of the fat fraction, and various degrees of heating. Preliminary evidence attributes the effect to heat-labile molecules and components residing in the fat fraction. The Milk Against Respiratory Tract Infections and Asthma (MARTHA) trial is currently testing the protective effect of microbiologically safe, minimally processed cow's milk against standard ultra-heat-treated milk in children from 6 months to 3 years with the primary outcome of an asthma diagnosis until age 5 years. If successful, this approach might provide a simple but effective prevention strategy.
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270
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Eigenmann P. Fecal metabolites and early sensitization influence asthma, and how to prevent anaphylaxis in the community. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:679-680. [PMID: 31721312 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Eigenmann
- Department of Women-Children-Teenagers, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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271
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Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Takaoka R, Ahogo K, Belachew W, Brown S, Correia J, Correia M, Degboe B, Dorizy‐Vuong V, Faye O, Fuller L, Grando K, Hsu C, Kayitenkore K, Lunjani N, Ly F, Mahamadou G, Manuel R, Kebe Dia M, Masenga E, Muteba Baseke C, Ouedraogo A, Rapelanoro Rabenja F, Su J, Teclessou J, Todd G, Taïeb A. Position Statement on Atopic Dermatitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: current status and roadmap. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:2019-2028. [PMID: 31713914 PMCID: PMC6899619 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS www.ilds.org), the Fondation pour la Dermatite Atopique, as well as specialists in telemedicine, artificial intelligence and therapeutic patient education (TPE). RESULTS AD is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases in SSA. Besides neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a dermatological presentation, AD requires closer attention from the WHO and national Departments of Health. CONCLUSIONS A roadmap has been defined with top priorities such as access to essential medicines and devices for AD care, in particular emollients, better education of primary healthcare workers for adequate triage (e.g. better educational materials for skin diseases in pigmented skin generally and AD in particular, especially targeted to Africa), involvement of traditional healers and to a certain extent also patient education, bearing in mind the barriers to effective healthcare faced in SSA countries such as travel distances to health facilities, limited resources and the lack of dermatological expertise. In addition, several initiatives concerning AD research in SSA were discussed and should be implemented in close collaboration with the WHO and assessed at follow-up meetings, in particular, at the next ISAD meeting in Seoul, South Korea and African Society of Dermatology and Venereology (ASDV) meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, both in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Takaoka
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - K.C. Ahogo
- Département de médecine et Spécialités MédicalesDermatologie et VénérologieCHU TreichvilleUniversité Félix Houphouët‐Boigny UFR Sciences MédicalesAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - W.A. Belachew
- College of Health ScienceAyder Comprehensive Specialized Teaching HospitalMekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia
| | - S.J. Brown
- Skin Research GroupSchool of MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - J.C. Correia
- Division of Therapeutic Education for Chronic DiseasesWHO Collaborating CenterDepartment of First Aid MedecineGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - M. Correia
- Department of DermatologyHospital Cuf Descobertas and Hospital Cuf Torres VedrasTorres VedrasPortugal
| | - B. Degboe
- Department of DermatologyFaculty of Health SciencesNational and Teaching Hospital HKM of CotonouUniversity of Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - V. Dorizy‐Vuong
- Department of Adult and Pediatric DermatologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- INSERM U 1035University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - O. Faye
- Department of DermatologyFaculty of MedicineCNAMBamakoMali
| | - L.C. Fuller
- Chair of International Foundation for DermatologyChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondonUK
| | - K. Grando
- Allergy UnitDepartment of DermatologyUniversity HospitalZurichSwitzerland
| | - C. Hsu
- Department of DermatologyTeledermatology and AIUniversity Hospital of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - K. Kayitenkore
- Kigali Dermatology CenterUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
| | - N. Lunjani
- University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - F. Ly
- Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal
| | - G. Mahamadou
- Department of Adult and Pediatric DermatologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Dermatologie‐VénéréologieCHU Sylvanus OlympioLoméTogo
| | - R.C.F. Manuel
- Department of DermatologyMinistry of HealthHospital Central de MaputoMaputoMozambique
| | | | - E.J. Masenga
- Regional Dermatology Training CenterKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | | | - A.N. Ouedraogo
- University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of OuagadougouUniversity Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki‐Zerbo OuagadougouOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - F. Rapelanoro Rabenja
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Joseph Raseta BefelatananaAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - J. Su
- Department of PaediatricsMurdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - J.N. Teclessou
- Service dermatologie et ISTCHU Sylvanus OlympioUniversité de LoméLoméTogo
| | - G. Todd
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - A. Taïeb
- Department of Adult and Pediatric DermatologyCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- INSERM U 1035University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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272
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Dowhaniuk JK, Szamosi J, Chorlton S, Owens J, Mileski H, Clause R, Pernica JM, Bowdish DME, Surette MG, Ratcliffe EM. Starving the Gut: A Deficit of Butyrate in the Intestinal Ecosystem of Children With Intestinal Failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 44:1112-1123. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Szamosi
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Sam Chorlton
- Department of Undergraduate MedicineMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jillian Owens
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionMcMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Heather Mileski
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionMcMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Rose‐Frances Clause
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionMcMaster Children's Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | | | - Dawn M. E. Bowdish
- Department of Pathology & Molecular MedicineMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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273
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Abstract
The human microbiome plays a number of critical roles in host physiology. Evidence from longitudinal cohort studies and animal models strongly supports the theory that maldevelopment of the microbiome in early life can programme later-life disease. The early-life microbiome develops in a clear stepwise manner over the first 3 years of life. During this highly dynamic time, insults such as antibiotic use and formula feeding can adversely affect the composition and temporal development of the microbiome. Such experiences predispose infants for the development of chronic health conditions later in life. This review highlights key factors that disrupt the early-life microbiome and highlights major non-communicable diseases which are underpinned by early-life dysbiosis.
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274
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Vuitton D, Divaret-Chauveau A, Dalphin ML, Laplante JJ, von Mutius E, Dalphin JC. Protection contre l’allergie par l’environnement de la ferme : en 15 ans, qu’avons-nous appris de la cohorte européenne « PASTURE » ? BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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275
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Deckers J, Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. How a farming environment protects from atopy. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 60:163-169. [PMID: 31499321 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that the exposure to certain environments such as farms has the potential to protect from the development of allergies later in life. This protection is achieved when repeated exposure to the farming environment occurs early in life, but persists when children spend sufficient amount of time in contact with livestock and hay, and drink unpasteurized milk. The capacity of farm dust to protect from allergy development lies, amongst others, in the microbe composition in the farm. These protective microbes release various metabolites and cell wall components that change farmers' home dust composition, when compared to urbanized home dust. Additionally, they can colonize various barrier sites (skin, lung, intestine) in farmers' children, leading to persistent changes in the way their immune system and their barrier cells respond to environmental allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Deckers
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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276
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Lee-Sarwar KA, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su J, Zeiger RS, O'Connor GT, Sandel MT, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Rifas-Shiman SL, Carey VJ, Harshfield BJ, Laranjo N, Gold DR, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Fecal short-chain fatty acids in pregnancy and offspring asthma and allergic outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 8:1100-1102.e13. [PMID: 31494295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Lee-Sarwar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- Departments of Allergy and Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego and Pasadena, Calif
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Megan T Sandel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo; St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Vincent J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Benjamin J Harshfield
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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277
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Frei R, Roduit C, Ferstl R, O'Mahony L, Lauener RP. Exposure of Children to Rural Lifestyle Factors Associated With Protection Against Allergies Induces an Anti-Neu5Gc Antibody Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1628. [PMID: 31379833 PMCID: PMC6660244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rural lifestyle has been shown to be highly protective against the development of allergies. Contact to farm-animals or pets and early-life consumption of milk products turned out to be important. These exposures provide contact to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid naturally expressed in mammalians but not in humans or microbes although both are able to incorporate exogenously provided Neu5Gc and induce thereby an anti-Neu5Gc antibody response. Farmers' children had elevated levels of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies associated with increased contact to Neu5Gc. Farm-related exposures that were associated with protection against allergies such as exposure to farm-animals or pets and consumption of milk were also associated with an antibody response to Neu5Gc in children. Exposure to cats was associated with increased anit-Neu5Gc IgG levels at different timepoints assessed between 1 year of age and school-age. Moreover, consumption of non-pasteurized milk in the first year of life was associated with increased anti-Neu5Gc IgG levels. Neu5Gc-providing exposures that were associated with protection against allergies were reflected in an elevated anti-Neu5Gc IgG level in children. Exposure to Neu5Gc was associated with anti-inflammation and protection of asthma development in children and mice without contribution of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Frei
- Christine Kuehne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kuehne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Christine Kuehne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roger P Lauener
- Christine Kuehne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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278
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Altered in Vitro Metabolomic Response of the Human Microbiota to Sweeteners. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070535. [PMID: 31311146 PMCID: PMC6678981 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners represent an ingredient class that directly affects human health, via the development of inflammatory processes that promote chronic diseases related to microbiota dysbiosis. Several in vitro tests were conducted in the static GIS1 simulator. The aim of the study was to highlight the effect of sweeteners on the microbiota pattern of healthy individuals, associated with any alteration in the metabolomic response, through the production of organic acids and ammonium. The immediate effect of the in vitro treatment and the influence of the specific sweetener type on the occurrence of dysbiosis were evaluated by determining the biomarkers of the microbiota response. The presence of the steviol reduced the ammonium level (minimum of 410 mg/L), while the addition of cyclamate and saccharin caused a decrease in the number of microorganisms, in addition to lowering the total quantity of synthesized short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The bifidobacteria appeared to decrease below 102 genomes/mL in all the analyzed samples at the end of the in vitro simulation period. Barring the in vitro treatment of steviol, all the sweeteners tested exerted a negative influence on the fermentative profile, resulting in a decline in the fermentative processes, a rise in the colonic pH, and uniformity of the SCFA ratio.
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279
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Abdel-Aziz MI, Vijverberg SJH, Neerincx AH, Kraneveld AD, Maitland-van der Zee AH. The crosstalk between microbiome and asthma: Exploring associations and challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1067-1086. [PMID: 31148278 PMCID: PMC6852296 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of high‐throughput DNA/RNA sequencing and computational analysis techniques, commensal bacteria are now considered almost as important as pathological ones. Understanding the interaction between these bacterial microbiota, host and asthma is crucial to reveal their role in asthma pathophysiology. Several airway and/or gut microbiome studies have shown associations between certain bacterial taxa and asthma. However, challenges remain before gained knowledge from these studies can be implemented into clinical practice, such as inconsistency between studies in choosing sampling compartments and/or sequencing approaches, variability of results in asthma studies, and not taking into account medication intake and diet composition especially when investigating gut microbiome. Overcoming those challenges will help to better understand the complex asthma disease process. The therapeutic potential of using pro‐ and prebiotics to prevent or reduce risk of asthma exacerbations requires further investigation. This review will focus on methodological issues regarding setting up a microbiome study, recent developments in asthma bacterial microbiome studies, challenges and future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Susanne J H Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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280
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Theiler A, Bärnthaler T, Platzer W, Richtig G, Peinhaupt M, Rittchen S, Kargl J, Ulven T, Marsh LM, Marsche G, Schuligoi R, Sturm EM, Heinemann A. Butyrate ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by limiting eosinophil trafficking and survival. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:764-776. [PMID: 31082458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung eosinophilia is a hallmark of asthma, and eosinophils are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced in high amounts in the gastrointestinal tract by commensal bacteria and can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Although there is recent evidence that SCFAs are beneficial in allergic asthma models, the effect on eosinophils has remained elusive. OBJECTIVE The role of SCFAs was investigated in human eosinophil function and a mouse model of allergic asthma. METHODS Eosinophils were purified from self-reported allergic or healthy donors. Migration, adhesion to the endothelium, and eosinophil survival were studied in vitro. Ca2+ flux, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of surface markers were determined by using flow cytometry and in part by using real-time PCR. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed in vivo in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model by using invasive spirometry. RESULTS For the first time, we observed that SCFAs were able to attenuate human eosinophils at several functional levels, including (1) adhesion to the endothelium, (2) migration, and (3) survival. These effects were independent from GPR41 and GPR43 but were accompanied by histone acetylation and mimicked by trichostatin A, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor. In vivo butyrate ameliorated allergen-induced airway and lung eosinophilia, reduced type 2 cytokine levels in bronchial fluid, and improved airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. CONCLUSION These in vitro and in vivo findings highlight the importance of SCFAs, especially butyrate as a promising therapeutic agent in allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Theiler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Platzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Richtig
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Peinhaupt
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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281
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Kurzkettige Fettsäuren schützen vor Sensibilisierungen und Asthma. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-019-1802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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282
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Raw Cow's Milk and Its Protective Effect on Allergies and Asthma. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020469. [PMID: 30813365 PMCID: PMC6413174 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Living on a farm and having contact with rural exposures have been proposed as one of the most promising ways to be protected against allergy and asthma development. There is a significant body of epidemiological evidence that consumption of raw milk in childhood and adulthood in farm but also nonfarm populations can be one of the most effective protective factors. The observation is even more intriguing when considering the fact that milk is one of the most common food allergens in childhood. The exact mechanisms underlying this association are still not well understood, but the role of raw milk ingredients such as proteins, fat and fatty acids, and bacterial components has been recently studied and its influence on the immune function has been documented. In this review, we present the current understanding of the protective effect of raw milk on allergies and asthma.
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283
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Acquistapace S, Patel L, Patin A, Forbes-Blom E, Cuenoud B, Wooster TJ. Effects of interesterified lipid design on the short/medium chain fatty acid hydrolysis rate and extent (in vitro). Food Funct 2019; 10:4166-4176. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00671k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short/medium chain fatty acids have well known health effects such as gut immune regulation and ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amaury Patin
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences
- Nestlé Research
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | - Bernard Cuenoud
- Translation Research
- Nestlé Health Science
- Epalinges
- Switzerland
| | - Tim J. Wooster
- Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences
- Nestlé Research
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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284
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Lunjani N, Satitsuksanoa P, Lukasik Z, Sokolowska M, Eiwegger T, O'Mahony L. Recent developments and highlights in mechanisms of allergic diseases: Microbiome. Allergy 2018; 73:2314-2327. [PMID: 30325537 DOI: 10.1111/all.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All body surfaces are exposed to a wide variety of microbes, which significantly influence immune reactivity within the host. This review provides an update on some of the critical novel findings that have been published on the influence of the microbiome on atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma. Microbial dysbiosis has consistently been observed in the skin, gut and lungs of patients with atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma, respectively, and the role of specific microbes in allergic disorders is being intensively investigated. However, many of these discoveries have yet to be translated into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
- University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | | | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Program in Translational Medicine; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Immunology; The University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy; Food allergy and Anaphylaxis Program; The Department of Paediatrics; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology; APC Microbiome Ireland; National University of Ireland; Cork Ireland
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