251
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Rauf MA, Owais M, Rajpoot R, Ahmad F, Khan N, Zubair S. Biomimetically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles attain potent antibacterial activity against less susceptible S. aureus skin infection in experimental animals. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic synthesis of ZnO–NPs and their topical application on S. aureus induced skin infection leads to reduction in infection in mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Ahmar Rauf
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | | | - Faraz Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Nazoora Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Swaleha Zubair
- Department of Computer Science
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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252
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Barreto-Santamaría A, Curtidor H, Arévalo-Pinzón G, Herrera C, Suárez D, Pérez WH, Patarroyo ME. A New Synthetic Peptide Having Two Target of Antibacterial Action in E. coli ML35. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2006. [PMID: 28066341 PMCID: PMC5167725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased resistance of microorganisms to the different antimicrobials available to today has highlighted the need to find new therapeutic agents, including natural and/or synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study has evaluated the antimicrobial activity of synthetic peptide 35409 (RYRRKKKMKKALQYIKLLKE) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Escherichia coli ML 35 (ATCC 43827). The results have shown that peptide 35409 inhibited the growth of these three bacterial strains, having 16-fold greater activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but requiring less concentration regarding E. coli (22 μM). When analyzing this activity against E. coli compared to time taken, it was found that this peptide inhibited bacterial growth during the first 60 min and reduced CFU/mL 1 log after 120 min had elapsed. This AMP permeabilized the E. coli membrane by interaction with membrane phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine, inhibited cell division and induced filamentation, suggesting two different targets of action within a bacterial cell. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that peptide 35409 had low hemolytic activity and was not cytotoxic for two human cell lines. We would thus propose, in the light of these findings, that the peptide 35409 sequence should provide a promising template for designing broad-spectrum AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Barreto-Santamaría
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de CaldasBogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine and Health sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernando Curtidor
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine and Health sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine and Health sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Chonny Herrera
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine and Health sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Suárez
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; School of Medicine and Health sciences, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Walter H Pérez
- Escuela Colombiana de Carreras Industriales Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Receptor-Ligand Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia
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253
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Andreev K, Martynowycz MW, Ivankin A, Huang ML, Kuzmenko I, Meron M, Lin B, Kirshenbaum K, Gidalevitz D. Cyclization Improves Membrane Permeation by Antimicrobial Peptoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12905-12913. [PMID: 27793068 PMCID: PMC9647730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The peptidomimetic approach has emerged as a powerful tool for overcoming the inherent limitations of natural antimicrobial peptides, where the therapeutic potential can be improved by increasing the selectivity and bioavailability. Restraining the conformational flexibility of a molecule may reduce the entropy loss upon its binding to the membrane. Experimental findings demonstrate that the cyclization of linear antimicrobial peptoids increases their bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus while maintaining high hemolytic concentrations. Surface X-ray scattering shows that macrocyclic peptoids intercalate into Langmuir monolayers of anionic lipids with greater efficacy than for their linear analogues. It is suggested that cyclization may increase peptoid activity by allowing the macrocycle to better penetrate the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Michael W. Martynowycz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrey Ivankin
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mati Meron
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- The Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS), University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Department of Physics, Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter (μCoSM), Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Corresponding Author: Fax: (+1) 312-567-8856.
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254
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Pal I, Brahmkhatri VP, Bera S, Bhattacharyya D, Quirishi Y, Bhunia A, Atreya HS. Enhanced stability and activity of an antimicrobial peptide in conjugation with silver nanoparticle. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 483:385-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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255
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Cushnie TPT, O'Driscoll NH, Lamb AJ. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4471-4492. [PMID: 27392605 PMCID: PMC11108400 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reduce the global burden of bacterial disease and contend with escalating bacterial resistance are spurring innovation in antibacterial drug and biocide development and related technologies such as photodynamic therapy and photochemical disinfection. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of these new agents and processes can greatly facilitate their development, but it is a complex endeavour. One strategy that has been popular for many years, and which is garnering increasing interest due to recent technological advances in microscopy and a deeper understanding of the molecular events involved, is the examination of treated bacteria for changes to their morphology and ultrastructure. In this review, we take a critical look at this approach. Variables affecting antibacterial-induced alterations are discussed first. These include characteristics of the test organism (e.g. cell wall structure) and incubation conditions (e.g. growth medium osmolarity). The main body of the review then describes the different alterations that can occur. Micrographs depicting these alterations are presented, together with information on agents that induce the change, and the sequence of molecular events that lead to the change. We close by highlighting those morphological and ultrastructural changes which are consistently induced by agents sharing the same mechanism (e.g. spheroplast formation by peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors) and explaining how changes that are induced by multiple antibacterial classes (e.g. filamentation by DNA synthesis inhibitors, FtsZ disruptors, and other types of agent) can still yield useful mechanistic information. Lastly, recommendations are made regarding future study design and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Tim Cushnie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Noëlle H O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Lamb
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
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256
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Reyes-Cortes R, Acosta-Smith E, Mondragón-Flores R, Nazmi K, Bolscher JGM, Canizalez-Roman A, Leon-Sicairos N. Antibacterial and cell penetrating effects of LFcin17-30, LFampin265-284, and LF chimera on enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:76-81. [PMID: 28165291 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a protein with antimicrobial activity, which is conferred in part by 2 regions contained in its N-terminal lobe. These regions have been used to develop the following synthetic peptides: lactoferricin17-30, lactoferrampin265-284, and LF chimera (a fusion of lactoferricin17-30 and lactoferrampin265-284). We have reported that these LF peptides have antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria; however, the exact mechanism of action has not been established. Here, we report the effects of LF peptides on the viability of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and the ability of these peptides to penetrate into the bacteria cytoplasm. The viability of EAEC treated with LF peptides was determined via enumeration of colony-forming units, and the binding and internalization of the LF peptides was followed via immunogold labeling and electron microscopy. Treatment of EAEC with 20 and 40 μmol/L LF peptides reduced bacterial growth compared with untreated bacteria. Initially the peptides associated with the plasma membrane, but after 5 to 30 min of incubation, the peptides were found in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, bacteria treated with LF chimera developed cytosolic electron-dense structures that contained the antimicrobial peptide. Our results suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of LF peptides on EAEC involves their interaction with and penetration into the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Reyes-Cortes
- a CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cedros y Sauces, Fracc. Fresnos C.P. 80246, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Acosta-Smith
- a CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cedros y Sauces, Fracc. Fresnos C.P. 80246, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
- b Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN #2508, Del. G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- c Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- c Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- a CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cedros y Sauces, Fracc. Fresnos C.P. 80246, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.,d Departamento de Investigación, Hospital de la Mujer, Boulevard Miguel Tamayo Espinoza de los Monteros S/N, Col. Desarrollo Urbano Tres Ríos, Culiacán 80020, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- a CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cedros y Sauces, Fracc. Fresnos C.P. 80246, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.,e Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Boulevard Constitución S/N, col. Jorge Almada, Culiacan 80200, Sinaloa, Mexico
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257
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Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells using an electrochemical scaffold and enhanced antibiotic susceptibility. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2016. [PMID: 28649396 PMCID: PMC5460242 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-016-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in chronic wounds are known to contain a persister subpopulation that exhibits enhanced multidrug tolerance and can quickly rebound after therapeutic treatment. The presence of these “persister cells” is partly responsible for the failure of antibiotic therapies and incomplete elimination of biofilms. Electrochemical methods combined with antibiotics have been suggested as an effective alternative for biofilm and persister cell elimination, yet the mechanism of action for improved antibiotic efficacy remains unclear. In this work, an electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) that electrochemically generates a constant concentration of H2O2 was investigated as a means of enhancing tobramycin susceptibility in pre-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms and attacking persister cells. Results showed that the e-scaffold enhanced tobramycin susceptibility in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms, which reached a maximum susceptibility at 40 µg/ml tobramycin, with complete elimination (7.8-log reduction vs control biofilm cells, P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the e-scaffold eradicated persister cells in biofilms, leaving no viable cells (5-log reduction vs control persister cells, P ≤ 0.001). It was observed that the e-scaffold induced the intracellular formation of hydroxyl free radicals and improved membrane permeability in e-scaffold treated biofilm cells, which possibly enhanced antibiotic susceptibility and eradicated persister cells. These results demonstrate a promising advantage of the e-scaffold in the treatment of persistent biofilm infections. Using an electrically conductive fabric to generate hydrogen peroxide could eradicate persistent biofilms in chronically infected wounds. Electrochemical scaffolds (e-scaffolds) are thin networks of conductive material such as carbon fiber used to generate chemical responses in media they are in contact with. Haluk Beyenal and colleagues at Washington State University, USA, investigated the effect of a carbon fabric e-scaffold on cultured biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The procedure enhanced the susceptibility of this troublesome multidrug-resistant bacterium to the antibiotic tobramycin. Crucially, it eradicated so-called persister cells that can evade antibiotic treatment to reform biofilms in chronic wounds. The research suggests that the effect involves the production of hydroxyl free radicals from hydrogen peroxide and increased permeability of the bacterial cell membranes. The potential of e-scaffolds for treating infected wounds warrants further exploration.
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258
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Ravensdale J, Wong Z, O'Brien F, Gregg K. Efficacy of Antibacterial Peptides Against Peptide-Resistant MRSA Is Restored by Permeabilization of Bacteria Membranes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1745. [PMID: 27877159 PMCID: PMC5099250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as with conventional antibiotics, may be compromised by the development of bacterial resistance. This study investigated AMP resistance in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including aspects related to the resilience of the resistant bacteria toward the peptides, the stability of resistance when selection pressures are removed, and whether resistance can be overcome by using the peptides with other membrane-permeabilising agents. Genotypically variant strains of S. aureus became equally resistant to the antibacterial peptides melittin and bac8c when grown in sub-lethal concentrations. Subculture of a melittin-resistant strain without melittin for 8 days lowered the minimal lethal concentration of the peptide from 170 μg ml-1 to 30 μg ml-1. Growth for 24 h in 12 μg ml-1 melittin restored the MLC to 100 μg ml-1. Flow cytometry analysis of cationic fluorophore binding to melittin-naïve and melittin-resistant bacteria revealed that resistance coincided with decreased binding of cationic molecules, suggesting a reduction in nett negative charge on the membrane. Melittin was haemolytic at low concentrations but the truncated analog of melittin, mel12-26, was confirmed to lack haemolytic activity. Although a previous report found that mel12-26 retained full bactericidal activity, we found it to lack significant activity when added to culture medium. However, electroporation in the presence of 50 μg ml-1 of mel12-26, killed 99.3% of the bacteria. Similarly, using a low concentration of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 to permeabilize bacteria to mel12-26 markedly increased its bactericidal activity. The observation that bactericidal activity of the non-membranolytic peptide mel12-26 was enhanced when the bacterial membrane was permeablized by detergents or electroporation, suggests that its principal mechanism in reducing bacterial survival may be through interaction with intracellular organelles or processes. Additionally, our results showed that the haemolytic peptide bac8c, had increased antibacterial activity at non-haemolytic concentrations when used with membrane-permeabilizing surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ravensdale
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Zachary Wong
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Frances O'Brien
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, BentleyWA, Australia; Australian Collaborative Centre for Enterococcal and Staphylococcal Species (ACCESS) Typing and Research, Curtin University and PathWest Microbiology, Royal Perth Hospital, PerthWA, Australia
| | - Keith Gregg
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
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259
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Lee LF, Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Lee VS, Vadivelu J. Antimicrobial activity of Tachyplesin 1 against Burkholderia pseudomallei: an in vitro and in silico approach. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2468. [PMID: 27812400 PMCID: PMC5088614 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many conventional antibiotics. Therefore, alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are extensively studied to combat this issue. Our study aims to identify and understand the mode of action of the potential AMP(s) that are effective against B. pseudomallei in both planktonic and biofilm state as well as to predict the possible binding targets on using in vitro and in silico approaches. In the in vitro study, 11 AMPs were tested against 100 B. pseudomallei isolates for planktonic cell susceptibility, where LL-37, and PG1, demonstrated 100.0% susceptibility and TP1 demonstrated 83% susceptibility. Since the B. pseudomallei activity was reported on LL-37 and PG1, TP1 was selected for further investigation. TP1 inhibited B. pseudomallei cells at 61.69 μM, and membrane blebbing was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, TP1 inhibited B. pseudomallei cell growth, reaching bactericidal endpoint within 2 h post exposure as compared to ceftazidime (CAZ) (8 h). Furthermore, TP1 was shown to suppress the growth of B. pseudomallei cells in biofilm state at concentrations above 221 μM. However, TP1 was cytotoxic to the mammalian cell lines tested. In the in silico study, molecular docking revealed that TP1 demonstrated a strong interaction to the common peptide or inhibitor binding targets for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli, as well as autolysin, pneumolysin, and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Homology modelled B. pseudomallei PspA protein (YDP) also showed a favourable binding with a strong electrostatic contribution and nine hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, TP1 demonstrated a good potential as an anti-B. pseudomallei agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn-Fay Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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260
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Karahan HE, Wei L, Goh K, Liu Z, Birer Ö, Dehghani F, Xu C, Wei J, Chen Y. Bacterial physiology is a key modulator of the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17181-17189. [PMID: 27722381 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05745d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have a great potential as novel antibacterial agents; however, their interactions with bacteria are not fully understood. This study demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) depends on the physiological state of cells for both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. GO susceptibility of bacteria is the highest in the exponential growth phase, which are in growing physiology, and stationary-phase (non-growing) cells are quite resistant against GO. Importantly, the order of GO susceptibility of E. coli with respect to the growth phases (exponential ≫ decline > stationary) correlates well with the changes in the envelope ultrastructures of the cells. Our findings are not only fundamentally important but also particularly critical for practical antimicrobial applications of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore and Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore, 638075, Singapore.
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kunli Goh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Özgür Birer
- Chemistry Department, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey and KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore and NTU-Northwestern Institute of Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore, 638075, Singapore.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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261
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Memariani H, Shahbazzadeh D, Sabatier JM, Memariani M, Karbalaeimahdi A, Bagheri KP. Mechanism of action and in vitro activity of short hybrid antimicrobial peptide PV3 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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262
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Pellino-1 derived cationic antimicrobial prawn peptide: Bactericidal activity, toxicity and mode of action. Mol Immunol 2016; 78:171-182. [PMID: 27648859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional molecules which represent significant roles in the innate immune system. These molecules have been well known for decades because of their role as natural antibiotics in both invertebrates and vertebrates. The development of multiple drug resistance against conventional antibiotics brought a greater focus on AMPs in recent years. The cationic peptides, in particular, proven as host defense peptides and are considered as effectors of innate immunity. Among the various innate immune molecules, functions of pellino-1 (Peli-1) have been recently studied for its remarkable role in specific immune functions. In our study, we have identified Peli-1 from the cDNA library of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr) and analyzed its features using various in-silico methods. Real time PCR analysis showed an induced expression of MrPeli-1 during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), bacteria (Vibrio harveyi) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli challenge. Also, a cationic AMP named MrDN was derived from MrPeli-1 protein sequence and its activity was confirmed against various pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action of MrDN was determined to be its membrane permeabilization ability against Bacillus cereus ATCC 2106 as well as its DNA binding ability. Further, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed the membrane disruption and leakage of cellular components of B. cereus cells induced by MrDN. The toxicity of MrDN against normal cells (HEK293 cells) was demonstrated by MTT and hemolysis assays. Overall, the results demonstrated the innate immune function of MrPeli-1 with a potential cationic AMP in prawn.
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263
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Yang M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang MZ, Rottinghaus GE, Zhang S. Structure-function analysis of Avian β-defensin-6 and β-defensin-12: role of charge and disulfide bridges. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:210. [PMID: 27613063 PMCID: PMC5016922 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian beta-defensins (AvBD) are small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides. The potential application of AvBDs as alternatives to antibiotics has been the subject of interest. However, the mechanisms of action remain to be fully understood. The present study characterized the structure-function relationship of AvBD-6 and AvBD-12, two peptides with different net positive charges, similar hydrophobicity and distinct tissue expression profiles. Results AvBD-6 was more potent than AvBD-12 against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and S. aureus as well as clinical isolates of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae. AvBD-6 was more effective than AvBD-12 in neutralizing LPS and interacting with bacterial genomic DNA. Increasing bacterial concentration from 105 CFU/ml to 109 CFU/ml abolished AvBDs’ antimicrobial activity. Increasing NaCl concentration significantly inhibited AvBDs’ antimicrobial activity, but not the LPS-neutralizing function. Both AvBDs were mildly chemotactic for chicken macrophages and strongly chemotactic for CHO-K1 cells expressing chicken chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). AvBD-12 at higher concentrations also induced chemotactic migration of murine immature dendritic cells (DCs). Disruption of disulfide bridges abolished AvBDs’ chemotactic activity. Neither AvBDs was toxic to CHO-K1, macrophages, or DCs. Conclusions AvBDs are potent antimicrobial peptides under low-salt conditions, effective LPS-neutralizing agents, and broad-spectrum chemoattractant peptides. Their antimicrobial activity is positively correlated with the peptides’ net positive charges, inversely correlated with NaCl concentration and bacterial concentration, and minimally dependent on intramolecular disulfide bridges. In contrast, their chemotactic property requires the presence of intramolecular disulfide bridges. Data from the present study provide a theoretical basis for the design of AvBD-based therapeutic and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Z Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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264
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Gorityala BK, Guchhait G, Goswami S, Fernando DM, Kumar A, Zhanel GG, Schweizer F. Hybrid Antibiotic Overcomes Resistance in P. aeruginosa by Enhancing Outer Membrane Penetration and Reducing Efflux. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8441-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bala Kishan Gorityala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, 450 Parker Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Goutam Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, 450 Parker Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sudeep Goswami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, 450 Parker Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dinesh M. Fernando
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 1R9, Canada
| | - George G. Zhanel
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 1R9, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, 450 Parker Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 1R9, Canada
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265
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Dosunmu EF, Chaudhari AA, Bawage S, Bakeer MK, Owen DR, Singh SR, Dennis VA, Pillai SR. Novel cationic peptide TP359 down-regulates the expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a potential TP359 anti-microbial mechanism. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:192. [PMID: 27549081 PMCID: PMC4994277 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of antimicrobial agents with broad-spectrum activities. Several reports indicate that cationic AMPs bind to the negatively charged bacterial membrane causing membrane depolarization and damage. However, membrane depolarization and damage may be insufficient to elicit cell death, thereby suggesting that other mechanism(s) of action could be involved in this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide, TP359, against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. Results TP359 proved to be bactericidal against P. aeruginosa as confirmed by the reduced bacteria counts, membrane damage and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization. In addition, it was non-toxic to mouse J774 macrophages and human lung A549 epithelial cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed TP359 bactericidal effects by structural changes of the bacteria from viable rod-shaped cells to those with cell membrane damages, proceeding into the efflux of cytoplasmic contents and emergence of ghost cells. Gene expression analysis on the effects of TP359 on outer membrane biogenesis genes underscored marked down-regulation, particularly of oprF, which encodes a major structural and outer membrane porin (OprF) in both strains studied, indicating that the peptide may cause deregulation of outer membrane genes and reduced structural stability which could lead to cell death. Conclusion Our data shows that TP359 has potent antimicrobial activity against P aeruginosa. The correlation between membrane damage, depolarization and reduced expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes, particularly oprF may suggest the bactericidal mechanism of action of the TP359 peptide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejovwoke F Dosunmu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Swapnil Bawage
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Mona K Bakeer
- LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Professions, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
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266
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Self-assembled cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial peptides mimics: Role of hydrophobicity, linkage type, and assembly state. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:343-352. [PMID: 27520722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by high promise using naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to treat infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, cationic amphiphiles (CAms) were strategically designed as synthetic mimics to overcome associated limitations, including high manufacture cost and low metabolic stability. CAms with facially amphiphilic conformation were expected to demonstrate membrane-lytic properties and thus reduce tendency of resistance development. By systematically tuning the hydrophobicity, CAms with optimized compositions exhibited potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentrations in low μg/mL range) as well as negligible hemolytic activity. Electron microscope images revealed the morphological and ultrastructure changes of bacterial membranes induced by CAm treatment and validated their membrane-disrupting mechanism. Additionally, an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation was employed to understand the CAm-membrane interaction on molecular level. This study shows that these CAms can serve as viable scaffolds for designing next generation of AMP mimics as antimicrobial alternatives to combat drug-resistant pathogens.
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267
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Matijašević D, Pantić M, Rašković B, Pavlović V, Duvnjak D, Sknepnek A, Nikšić M. The Antibacterial Activity of Coriolus versicolor Methanol Extract and Its Effect on Ultrastructural Changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1226. [PMID: 27540376 PMCID: PMC4972825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of methanol extract obtained from fruiting body of industrially grown basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor was examined. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values against various bacteria ranged from 0.625 to 20 mg mL(-1). C. versicolor expressed bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, measured at 630 nm, and confirmed with macrodilution method showed that the obtained extract could inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the loss of 260-nm-absorbing material were used to examine the ultrastructural changes in bacteria induced by the extract. When S. aureus was exposed to the MIC of C. versicolor, elongated and malformed cells were observed by SEM, while S. Enteritidis treated cells appeared shorter and aggregated with ruptured cell walls. TEM revealed the formation of non-membrane-enclosed bodies and depleted inner content of S. aureus. Larger and irregular periplasmic space and deformed and scattered components of the cell envelope were observed in treated S. Enteritidis. The loss of 260-nm-absorbing material indicated that the disruptive action of the extract on cytoplasmic membrane was more pronounced in S. aureus than in S. Enteritidis treated cells. The UV and FTIR spectrophotometric analyses revealed diverse composition of C. versicolor extract and high content of total phenolics. Altogether, mushroom extracts could be used to develop nutraceuticals or drugs effective against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Matijašević
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Pantić
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlović
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Duvnjak
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Sknepnek
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomir Nikšić
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
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268
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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Activity of a Novel Polymyxin against Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00119-16. [PMID: 27471750 PMCID: PMC4963539 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00119-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S. aureus is currently one of the most pervasive multidrug-resistant pathogens and commonly causes nosocomial infections. Clinicians are faced with a dwindling armamentarium to treat infections caused by S. aureus, as resistance develops to current antibiotics. This accentuates the urgent need for antimicrobial drug discovery. In the present study, we characterized the global gene expression profile of S. aureus treated with FADDI-019, a novel synthetic polymyxin analogue. In contrast to the concentration-dependent killing and rapid regrowth in Gram-negative bacteria treated with polymyxin B and colistin, FADDI-019 killed S. aureus progressively without regrowth at 24 h. Notably, FADDI-019 activated several vancomycin resistance genes and significantly downregulated the expression of a number of virulence determinants and enterotoxin genes. A synergistic combination with sulfamethoxazole was predicted by pathway analysis and demonstrated experimentally. This is the first study revealing the transcriptomics of S. aureus treated with a novel synthetic polymyxin analog. Polymyxin B and colistin are exclusively active against Gram-negative pathogens and have been used in the clinic as a last-line therapy. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a novel polymyxin, FADDI-019, against Staphylococcus aureus. MIC and time-kill assays were employed to measure the activity of FADDI-019 against S. aureus ATCC 700699. Cell morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell membrane polarity was measured using flow cytometry. Transcriptome changes caused by FADDI-019 treatment were investigated using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Pathway analysis was conducted to examine the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of FADDI-019 and to rationally design a synergistic combination. Polymyxin B and colistin were not active against S. aureus strains with MICs of >128 mg/liter; however, FADDI-019 had a MIC of 16 mg/liter. Time-kill assays revealed that no S. aureus regrowth was observed after 24 h at 2× to 4× MIC of FADDI-019. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry results indicated that FADDI-019 treatment had no effect on cell morphology but caused membrane depolarization. The vancomycin resistance genes vraRS, as well as the VraRS regulon, were activated by FADDI-019. Virulence determinants controlled by SaeRS and the expression of enterotoxin genes yent2, sei, sem, and seo were significantly downregulated by FADDI-019. Pathway analysis of transcriptomic data was predictive of a synergistic combination comprising FADDI-019 and sulfamethoxazole. Our study is the first to examine the mechanism of the killing of a novel polymyxin against S. aureus. We also show the potential of transcriptomic and pathway analysis as tools to design synergistic antibiotic combinations. IMPORTANCES. aureus is currently one of the most pervasive multidrug-resistant pathogens and commonly causes nosocomial infections. Clinicians are faced with a dwindling armamentarium to treat infections caused by S. aureus, as resistance develops to current antibiotics. This accentuates the urgent need for antimicrobial drug discovery. In the present study, we characterized the global gene expression profile of S. aureus treated with FADDI-019, a novel synthetic polymyxin analogue. In contrast to the concentration-dependent killing and rapid regrowth in Gram-negative bacteria treated with polymyxin B and colistin, FADDI-019 killed S. aureus progressively without regrowth at 24 h. Notably, FADDI-019 activated several vancomycin resistance genes and significantly downregulated the expression of a number of virulence determinants and enterotoxin genes. A synergistic combination with sulfamethoxazole was predicted by pathway analysis and demonstrated experimentally. This is the first study revealing the transcriptomics of S. aureus treated with a novel synthetic polymyxin analog.
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269
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Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Koli SH, Hallsworth JE, Patil SV. Antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin is attributable to plasma-membrane damage. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:572-577. [PMID: 27353356 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1195380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial pigment prodigiosin has various biological activities; it is, for instance, an effective antimicrobial. Here, we investigate the primary site targeted by prodigiosin, using the cells of microbial pathogens of humans as model systems: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibitory concentrations of prodigiosin; leakage of intracellular K+ ions, amino acids, proteins and sugars; impacts on activities of proteases, catalases and oxidases; and changes in surface appearance of pathogen cells were determined. Prodigiosin was highly inhibitory (30% growth rate reduction of C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus at 0.3, 100 and 0.18 μg ml-1, respectively); caused leakage of intracellular substances (most severe in S. aureus); was highly inhibitory to each enzyme; and caused changes to S. aureus indicative of cell-surface damage. Collectively, these findings suggest that prodigiosin, log Poctanol-water 5.16, is not a toxin but is a hydrophobic stressor able to disrupt the plasma membrane via a chaotropicity-mediated mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil H Koli
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
| | - John E Hallsworth
- b Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre , Belfast , UK
| | - Satish V Patil
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
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270
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Structural Studies of a Lipid-Binding Peptide from Tunicate Hemocytes with Anti-Biofilm Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27128. [PMID: 27292548 PMCID: PMC4904370 DOI: 10.1038/srep27128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clavanins is a class of peptides (23aa) histidine-rich, free of post-translational modifications. Clavanins have been studied largely for their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes. In the present study, the interaction of clavanin A with membranes was assessed by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and permeabilization assays. We observed through those assays that clavanin A lysis bacterial cells at concentrations corresponding to its MIC. Further, the structure and function of clavanin A was investigated. To better understand how clavanin interacted with bacteria, its NMR structure was elucidated. The solution state NMR structure of clavanin A in the presence of TFE-d3 indicated an α-helical conformation. Secondary structures, based on circular dichroism measurements in anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and TFE (2,2,2-trifluorethanol), in silico lipid-peptide docking and molecular simulations with lipids DPPC and DOPC revealed that clavanin A can adopt a variety of folds, possibly influencing its different functions. Microcalorimetry assays revealed that clavanin A was capable of discriminating between different lipids. Finally, clavanin A was found to eradicate bacterial biofilms representing a previously unrecognized function.
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271
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Hosseini H, Shahraz F, Akhondzadeh-Basti A, Khaneghah AM, Azizkhani M, Sant'ana ADS, Haghshenas M, Mahmoudzadeh L. Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Carum copticum
and its Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus aureus
, Enterococcus faecalis
and Escherichia coli
O157:H7. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shahraz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maryam Azizkhani
- Department of food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Amol University of Special Modern Technologists; Amol Iran
| | - Anderson De Souza Sant'ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mehrdad Haghshenas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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272
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Baindara P, Singh N, Ranjan M, Nallabelli N, Chaudhry V, Pathania GL, Sharma N, Kumar A, Patil PB, Korpole S. Laterosporulin10: a novel defensin like Class IId bacteriocin from Brevibacillus sp. strain SKDU10 with inhibitory activity against microbial pathogens. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1286-1299. [PMID: 27267959 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by bacteria to acquire survival benefits during competitive inter- and intra-species interactions in complex ecosystems. In this study, an AMP-producing soil bacterial strain designated SKDU10 was isolated and identified as a member of the genus Brevibacillus. The AMP produced by strain SKDU10 identified as a class IId bacteriocin with 57.6 % homology to laterosporulin, a defensin-like class IId bacteriocin. However, substantial differences were observed in the antimicrobial activity spectrum of this bacteriocin named laterosporulin10 when compared to laterosporulin. Laterosporulin10 effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb H37Rv) with LD50 values of 4.0 µM and 0.5 µM, respectively. Furthermore, laterosporulin10 inhibited the growth of Mtb H37Rv strain at about 20 times lower MIC value compared to S. aureus MTCC 1430 or M. smegmatis MC2 155 in vitro and ex vivo. Electron micrographs along with membrane permeabilization studies using FACS analysis revealed that laterosporulin10 is a membrane-permeabilizing peptide. Interestingly, laterosporulin10 was able to efficiently kill Mtb H37Rv strain residing inside the macrophages and did not show haemolysis up to 40 µM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Manish Ranjan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Vasvi Chaudhry
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Geeta Lal Pathania
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Prabhu B Patil
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Suresh Korpole
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
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273
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Morphological and functional adaptations of Fusobacterium nucleatum exposed to human neutrophil Peptide-1. Anaerobe 2016; 39:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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274
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Bluhm MEC, Schneider VAF, Schäfer I, Piantavigna S, Goldbach T, Knappe D, Seibel P, Martin LL, Veldhuizen EJA, Hoffmann R. N-Terminal Ile-Orn- and Trp-Orn-Motif Repeats Enhance Membrane Interaction and Increase the Antimicrobial Activity of Apidaecins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:39. [PMID: 27243004 PMCID: PMC4861708 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a life-threatening nosocomial pathogen due to its generally low susceptibility toward antibiotics. Furthermore, many strains have acquired resistance mechanisms requiring new antimicrobials with novel mechanisms to enhance treatment options. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides, such as the apidaecin analog Api137, are highly efficient against various Enterobacteriaceae infections in mice, but less active against P. aeruginosa in vitro. Here, we extended our recent work by optimizing lead peptides Api755 (gu-OIORPVYOPRPRPPHPRL-OH; gu = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylguanidino, O = L-ornithine) and Api760 (gu-OWORPVYOPRPRPPHPRL-OH) by incorporation of Ile-Orn- and Trp-Orn-motifs, respectively. Api795 (gu-O(IO)2RPVYOPRPRPPHPRL-OH) and Api794 (gu-O(WO)3RPVYOPRPRPPHPRL-OH) were highly active against P. aeruginosa with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 8–16 and 8–32 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Assessed using a quartz crystal microbalance, these peptides inserted into a membrane layer and the surface activity increased gradually from Api137, over Api795, to Api794. This mode of action was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy indicating some membrane damage only at the high peptide concentrations. Api794 and Api795 were highly stable against serum proteases (half-life times >5 h) and non-hemolytic to human erythrocytes at peptide concentrations of 0.6 g/L. At this concentration, Api795 reduced the cell viability of HeLa cells only slightly, whereas the IC50 of Api794 was 0.23 ± 0.09 g/L. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed no colocalization of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled Api794 or Api795 with the mitochondria, excluding interactions with the mitochondrial membrane. Interestingly, Api795 was localized in endosomes, whereas Api794 was present in endosomes and the cytosol. This was verified using flow cytometry showing a 50% higher uptake of Api794 in HeLa cells compared with Api795. The uptake was reduced for both peptides by 50 and 80%, respectively, after inhibiting endocytotic uptake with dynasore. In summary, Api794 and Api795 were highly active against P. aeruginosa in vitro. Both peptides passed across the bacterial membrane efficiently, most likely then disturbing the ribosome assembly, and resulting in further intracellular damage. Api795 with its IOIO-motif, which was particularly active and only slightly toxic in vitro, appears to represent a promising third generation lead compound for the development of novel antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E C Bluhm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Molecular Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | | | - Tina Goldbach
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Seibel
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Molecular Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | | | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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275
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Sakthivel M, Palani P. Isolation, purification and characterization of antimicrobial protein from seedlings of Bauhinia purpurea L. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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276
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Characterization of antimicrobial activity against Listeria and cytotoxicity of native melittin and its mutant variants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:194-205. [PMID: 27011349 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are relatively short peptides that have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane, form pores leading to cell death. This study compares both antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of native melittin and its two mutants, namely, melittin I17K (GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALKSWIKRKRQQ) with a higher charge and lower hydrophobicity and mutant G1I (IIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ) of higher hydrophobicity. The antimicrobial activity against different strains of Listeria was investigated by bioassay, viability studies, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay on mammalian Caco-2 cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration of native, mutant I17K, mutant G1I against Listeria monocytogenes F4244 was 0.315±0.008, 0.814±0.006 and 0.494±0.037μg/ml respectively, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration values were 3.263±0.0034, 7.412±0.017 and 5.366±0.019μg/ml respectively. Lag time for inactivation of L. monocytogenes F4244 was observed at concentrations below 0.20 and 0.78μg/ml for native and mutant melittin I17K respectively. The antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes F4244 was in the order native>G1I>I17K. Native melittin was cytotoxic to mammalian Caco-2 cells above concentration of 2μg/ml, whereas the two mutants exhibited negligible cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 8μg/ml. Pore formation in cell wall/membrane was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of native and its mutants indicated that (i) surface native melittin and G1I exhibited higher tendency to penetrate a mimic of bacterial cell membrane and (ii) transmembrane native and I17K formed water channel in mimics of bacterial and mammalian cell membranes.
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277
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Li Z, Liu G, Meng L, Yu W, Xu X, Li W, Wu Y, Cao Z. K1K8: an Hp1404-derived antibacterial peptide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5069-77. [PMID: 26952110 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative class of antimicrobial agents used to overcome drug-resistant infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently gained significant attention. In this study, we designed an improved antimicrobial peptide, K1K8, based on the molecular template of Hp1404. Compared to the wild-type Hp1404, K1K8 showed an improved antibacterial spectrum in vitro, a lower hemolytic activity, and an enhanced serum stability. Importantly, K1K8 also decreased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial counts in the wounded region in a mouse skin infection model. Interestingly, K1K8 did not induce bacterial resistance or non-specific immune response reactions. Moreover, the peptide killed bacterial cells mainly by disrupting the bacterial membrane. In summary, K1K8 has the potential to be used as an improved anti-infection agent for topical use, which opens an avenue that potential anti-infection drugs may be designed and developed from the molecular templates of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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278
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Jeyanthi V, Velusamy P. Anti-methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Compound Isolation from Halophilic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MHB1 and Determination of Its Mode of Action Using Electron Microscope and Flow Cytometry Analysis. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:148-57. [PMID: 27570306 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to purify, characterize and evaluate the antibacterial activity of bioactive compound against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The anti-MRSA compound was produced by a halophilic bacterial strain designated as MHB1. The MHB1 strain exhibited 99 % similarity to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The culture conditions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MHB1 were optimized using nutritional and environmental parameters for enhanced anti-MRSA compound production. The pure bioactive compound was isolated using silica gel column chromatography and Semi-preparative High-performance liquid chromatography (Semi-preparative HPLC). The Thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton NMR ((1)H NMR) analysis indicated the phenolic nature of the compound. The molecular mass of the purified compound was 507 Da as revealed by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The compound inhibited the growth of MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg mL(-1). MRSA bacteria exposed to 4× MIC of the compound and the cell viability was determined using flow cytometric analysis. Scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscope analysis was used to determine the ultrastructural changes in bacteria. This is the first report on isolation of anti-MRSA compound from halophilic B. amyloliquefaciens MHB1 and could act as a promising biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkadapathi Jeyanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
| | - Palaniyandi Velusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203 India
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279
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Liu X, Marrakchi M, Xu D, Dong H, Andreescu S. Biosensors based on modularly designed synthetic peptides for recognition, detection and live/dead differentiation of pathogenic bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:9-16. [PMID: 26802747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens is critical for assessing public health, food and environmental safety. We report the use of modularly designed and site-specifically oriented synthetic antimicrobial peptides (sAMPs) as novel recognition agents enabling detection and quantification of bacterial pathogens. The oriented assembly of the synthetic peptides on electrode surfaces through an engineered cysteine residue coupled with impedimetric detection facilitated rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial pathogens with a detection limit of 10(2)CFU/mL for four bacterial strains including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). The approach enabled differentiation between live and dead bacteria. The fabrication of the sAMPs functionalized surface and the importance of the sAMPs orientation for providing optimum recognition and detection ability against pathogens are discussed. The proposed methodology provides a universal platform for the detection of bacterial pathogens based on engineered peptides, as alternative to the most commonly used immunological and gene based assays. The method can also be used to fabricate antimicrobial coatings and surfaces for inactivation and screening of viable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Mouna Marrakchi
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Technologie Microbienne (LETMi), 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences (ISSBAT), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.
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280
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Membrane disruption and DNA binding of Staphylococcus aureus cell induced by a novel antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans FX-6. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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281
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Baindara P, Chaudhry V, Mittal G, Liao LM, Matos CO, Khatri N, Franco OL, Patil PB, Korpole S. Characterization of the Antimicrobial Peptide Penisin, a Class Ia Novel Lantibiotic from Paenibacillus sp. Strain A3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:580-91. [PMID: 26574006 PMCID: PMC4704198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01813-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to isolate novel antimicrobial peptides from microbial sources have been on the rise recently, despite their low efficacy in therapeutic applications. Here, we report identification and characterization of a new efficient antimicrobial peptide from a bacterial strain designated A3 that exhibited highest identity with Paenibacillus ehimensis. Upon purification and subsequent molecular characterization of the antimicrobial peptide, referred to as penisin, we found the peptide to be a bacteriocin-like peptide. Consistent with these results, RAST analysis of the entire genome sequence revealed the presence of a lantibiotic gene cluster containing genes necessary for synthesis and maturation of a lantibiotic. While circular dichroism and one-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance experiments confirmed a random coil structure of the peptide, similar to other known lantibiotics, additional biochemical evidence suggests posttranslational modifications of the core peptide yield six thioether cross-links. The deduced amino acid sequence of the putative biosynthetic gene penA showed approximately 74% similarity with elgicin A and 50% similarity with the lantibiotic paenicidin A. Penisin effectively killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and did not exhibit hemolysis activity. Unlike other lantibiotics, it effectively inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, 80 mg/kg of body weight of penisin significantly reduced bacterial burden in a mouse thigh infection model and protected BALB/c mice in a bacteremia model entailing infection with Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, suggesting that it could be a promising new antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasvi Chaudhry
- CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Mittal
- CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luciano M Liao
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Matos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Pós-graduacão em Ciências Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil S-Inova, Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Prabhu B Patil
- CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suresh Korpole
- CSIR Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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282
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Isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) metabolite from halotolerant Bacillus methylotrophicus MHC10 and its inhibitory activity towards bacterial pathogens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:429-39. [PMID: 26721574 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A halotolerant bacterial isolate-MHC10 with broad spectrum antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens was isolated from saltpans located in Tuticorin and Chennai (India). 16S rRNA gene analysis of MHC10 revealed close similarity to that of Bacillus methylotrophicus. The culture conditions of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 strain were optimized for antibacterial production using different carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as varying temperature, pH, sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations and incubation periods. The maximum antibacterial activity of B. methylotrophicus MHC10 was attained when ZMB was optimized with 1 % (w/v) glucose, 0.1 % (w/v) soybean meal which corresponded to a C/N ratio of 38.83, temperature at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and 8 % NaCl. The activity remained stable between 72 and 96 h and then drastically decreased after 96 h. Solvent extraction followed by chromatographic purification steps led to the isolation of hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol). The structure of the purified compound was elucidated based on FTIR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The compound exhibited efficient antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive pathogens ranged from 15.625 to 62.5 µg/mL(-1), while it was between 7.81 and 250 µg/mL(-1) for Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This is the first report of hydroquinone produced by halotolerant B. methylotrophicus exhibiting promising antibacterial activity.
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283
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Bednarska NG, van Eldere J, Gallardo R, Ganesan A, Ramakers M, Vogel I, Baatsen P, Staes A, Goethals M, Hammarström P, Nilsson KPR, Gevaert K, Schymkowitz J, Rousseau F. Protein aggregation as an antibiotic design strategy. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:849-65. [PMID: 26559925 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the xenobiotic nature of bacterial infections, we tested whether the cytotoxicity of protein aggregation can be targeted to bacterial pathogens without affecting their mammalian hosts. In particular, we examined if peptides encoding aggregation-prone sequence segments of bacterial proteins can display antimicrobial activity by initiating toxic protein aggregation in bacteria, but not in mammalian cells. Unbiased in vitro screening of aggregating peptide sequences from bacterial genomes lead to the identification of several peptides that are strongly bactericidal against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Upon parenteral administration in vivo, the peptides cured mice from bacterial sepsis without apparent toxic side effects as judged from histological and hematological evaluation. We found that the peptides enter and accumulate in the bacterial cytosol where they cause aggregation of bacterial polypeptides. Although the precise chain of events that leads to cell death remains to be elucidated, the ability to tap into aggregation-prone sequences of bacterial proteomes to elicit antimicrobial activity represents a rich and unexplored chemical space to be mined in search of novel therapeutic strategies to fight infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Bednarska
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan van Eldere
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Gallardo
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashok Ganesan
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics (VIB11 and KULeuven), Electron Microscopy Network (EMoNe), Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Goethals
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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284
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Urfer M, Bogdanovic J, Lo Monte F, Moehle K, Zerbe K, Omasits U, Ahrens CH, Pessi G, Eberl L, Robinson JA. A Peptidomimetic Antibiotic Targets Outer Membrane Proteins and Disrupts Selectively the Outer Membrane in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1921-1932. [PMID: 26627837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibacterial resistance presents a major challenge in antibiotic discovery. One attractive target in Gram-negative bacteria is the unique asymmetric outer membrane (OM), which acts as a permeability barrier that protects the cell from external stresses, such as the presence of antibiotics. We describe a novel β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide JB-95 with potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This peptide exhibits no cellular lytic activity, but electron microscopy and fluorescence studies reveal an ability to selectively disrupt the OM but not the inner membrane of E. coli. The selective targeting of the OM probably occurs through interactions of JB-95 with selected β-barrel OM proteins, including BamA and LptD as shown by photolabeling experiments. Membrane proteomic studies reveal rapid depletion of many β-barrel OM proteins from JB-95-treated E. coli, consistent with induction of a membrane stress response and/or direct inhibition of the Bam folding machine. The results suggest that lethal disruption of the OM by JB-95 occurs through a novel mechanism of action at key interaction sites within clusters of β-barrel proteins in the OM. These findings open new avenues for developing antibiotics that specifically target β-barrel proteins and the integrity of the Gram-negative OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Urfer
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Jasmina Bogdanovic
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Fabio Lo Monte
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Kerstin Moehle
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Katja Zerbe
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich
| | - Ulrich Omasits
- the Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Ahrens
- the Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Research Group Molecular Diagnostics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Agroscope, Schloss 1, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland, and
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- the Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- the Department of Microbiology, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John A Robinson
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich,.
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285
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Pal S, Ghosh U, Ampapathi RS, Chakraborty TK. Recent Studies on Gramicidin S Analog Structure and Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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286
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Antimicrobial Peptide CMA3 Derived from the CA-MA Hybrid Peptide: Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities with Low Cytotoxicity and Mechanism of Action in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:495-506. [PMID: 26552969 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01998-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CA-MA is a hybrid antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from two naturally occurring AMPs, cecropin A and magainin 2. CA-MA shows strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but also exhibits cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Our objective was to identify CA-MA analogues with reduced cytotoxicity by systematic replacement of amino acids with positively charged R groups (His and Lys), aliphatic R groups (Leu), or polar R groups (Glu). Among the CA-MA analogues studied (CMA1 to -6), CMA3 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, including against drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from hospital patients. CMA3 appeared to act by inducing pore formation (toroidal model) in the bacterial membrane. In cytotoxicity assays, CMA3 showed little cytotoxicity toward human red blood cells (hRBCs) or HaCaT cells. Additionally, no fluorescence was released from small or giant unilamellar vesicles exposed to 60 μM CMA3 for 80 s, whereas fluorescence was released within 35 s upon exposure to CA-MA. CMA3 also exerted strong lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing activity in RAW 264.7 cells, and BALB/c mice exposed to LPS after infection by Escherichia coli showed improved survival after administration of one 0.5-mg/kg of body weight or 1-mg/kg dose of CMA3. Finally, in a mouse model of septic shock, CMA3 reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors, including both nitric oxide and white blood cells, and correspondingly reduced lung tissue damage. This study suggests that CMA3 is an antimicrobial/antiendotoxin peptide that could serve as the basis for the development of anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial agents with low cytotoxicity.
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287
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Colonic MUC2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1360-72. [PMID: 25921338 PMCID: PMC4762903 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we identified mechanisms at the colonic mucosa by which MUC2 mucin regulated the production of β-defensin in a proinflammatory milieu but functionally protected susceptible bacteria from its antimicrobial effects. The regulator role of MUC2 on production of β-defensin 2 in combination with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was confirmed using purified human colonic MUC2 mucin and colonic goblet cells short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silenced for MUC2. In vivo, Muc2(-/-) mice showed impaired β-defensin mRNA expression and peptide localization in the colon as compared with Muc2(+/-) and Muc2(+/+) littermates. Importantly, purified MUC2 mucin abrogated the antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2 against nonpathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Sodium metaperiodate oxidation of MUC2 removed the capacity of MUC2 to stimulate β-defensin production and MUC2's inhibition of defensin antimicrobial activity. This study highlights that a defective MUC2 mucin barrier, typical in inflammatory bowel diseases, may lead to deficient stimulation of β-defensin 2 and an unbalanced microbiota that favor the growth of β-defensin-resistant microbes such as Clostridium difficile.
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288
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Citterio L, Franzyk H, Palarasah Y, Andersen TE, Mateiu RV, Gram L. Improved in vitro evaluation of novel antimicrobials: potential synergy between human plasma and antibacterial peptidomimetics, AMPs and antibiotics against human pathogenic bacteria. Res Microbiol 2015; 167:72-82. [PMID: 26499211 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable peptidomimetics mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising class of potential novel antibiotics. In the present study, we aimed at determining whether the antibacterial activity of two α-peptide/β-peptoid peptidomimetics against a range of bacterial pathogens was affected by conditions mimicking in vivo settings. Their activity was enhanced to an unexpected degree in the presence of human blood plasma for thirteen pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MIC values typically decreased 2- to 16-fold in the presence of a human plasma concentration that alone did not damage the cell membrane. Hence, MIC and MBC data collected in these settings appear to represent a more appropriate basis for in vivo experiments preceding clinical trials. In fact, concentrations of peptidomimetics and peptide antibiotics (e.g. polymyxin B) required for in vivo treatments might be lower than traditionally deduced from MICs determined in laboratory media. Thus, antibiotics previously considered too toxic could be developed into usable last-resort drugs, due to ensuing lowered risk of side effects. In contrast, the activity of the compounds was significantly decreased in heat-inactivated plasma. We hypothesize that synergistic interactions with complement proteins and/or clotting factors most likely are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Citterio
- Department of Systems Biology, Matematiktorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Thomas Emil Andersen
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ramona Valentina Mateiu
- DTU CEN, Fysikvej, Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Systems Biology, Matematiktorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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289
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Multiple Genetic Mutations Associated with Polymyxin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7899-902. [PMID: 26438500 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01884-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied polymyxin B resistance in 10 pairs of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, two of which had developed polymyxin B resistance in vivo. All polymyxin B-resistant isolates had lower growth rates than and substitution mutations in the lpx or pmrB gene compared to their parent isolates. There were significant differences in terms of antibiotic susceptibility and genetic determinants of resistance in A. baumannii isolates that had developed polymyxin B resistance in vivo compared to isolates that had developed polymyxin B resistance in vitro.
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290
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Hosseini H, Hedayati M, Mousavi Khanghah A, Djalma Chaves R, Azizkhani M. Establishment of a Method for Describing stx
Genes Expression of E
. coli
O157:H7 in Ground Beef Matrix during Refrigerated Storage. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khanghah
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch; Tehran Iran
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael Djalma Chaves
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maryam Azizkhani
- Department of food hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Amol University of Special Modern Technologies; Amol Iran
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291
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Membrane interaction of a new synthetic antimicrobial lipopeptide sp-85 with broad spectrum activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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292
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Taute H, Bester MJ, Neitz AWH, Gaspar ARM. Investigation into the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptides Os and Os-C derived from a tick defensin. Peptides 2015. [PMID: 26215047 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Os and Os-C are two novel antimicrobial peptides, derived from a tick defensin, which have been shown to have a larger range of antimicrobial activity than the parent peptide, OsDef2. The aim of this study was to determine whether the peptides Os and Os-C are mainly membrane acting, or if these peptides have possible additional intracellular targets in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that both peptides adversely affected intracellular structure of both bacteria causing different degrees of granulation of the intracellular contents. At the minimum bactericidal concentrations, permeabilization as determined with the SYTOX green assay seemed not to be the principle mode of killing when compared to melittin. However, fluorescent triple staining indicated that the peptides caused permeabilization of stationary phase bacteria and TEM indicated membrane effects. Studies using fluorescently labeled peptides revealed that the membrane penetrating activity of Os and Os-C was similar to buforin II. Os-C was found to associate with the septa of B. subtilis. Plasmid binding studies showed that Os and Os-C binds E. coli plasmid DNA at a similar charge ratio as melittin. These studies suggest membrane activity for Os and Os-C with possible intracellular targets such as DNA. The differences in permeabilization at lower concentrations and binding to DNA between Os and Os-C, suggest that the two peptides have dissimilar modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Taute
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Megan J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Albert W H Neitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Anabella R M Gaspar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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293
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Arief II, Budiman C, Jenie BSL, Andreas E, Yuneni A. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 from Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 displays bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:603-13. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plantaricin IIA-1A5 is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 isolated from Indonesian beef. This research aimed to identify the genes involved in plantaricin IIA-1A5 production and examine its mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus. It has been reported that a bacteriocin structural gene, plnW, is present in genome of L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Here, we reported the presence of additional genes responsible for plantaricin precursor (plnA and plnEF) and a gene encoding the quorum sensor of histidine kinase (plnB). It indicates that genes involved in production of plantaricin IIA-1A5 are organized in at least two bacteriocin operons (plnABCD, plnEFI) and a structural plnW gene. Purified plantaricin IIA-1A5 yielded a single band in SDS-PAGE with apparent size of 6.4 kDa. Amino acid composition of purified plantaricin IIA-1A5 was mainly composed of cationic glutamic acid and cysteine that allowed the formation of disulphide bonds, suggesting plantaricin IIA-1A5 belongs to the pediocin-subclass of class II bacteriocins. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against S. aureus, which was initiated by the adsorption of plantaricin IIA-1A5 onto the cell membrane of S. aureus. The adsorption is hypothesised to be facilitated by non-ionic interactions as it is reduced by the presence of organic solvents or detergents. This adsorption promoted leakage of cellular metabolites through the cell membrane of S. aureus, as indicated by the release of genetic and proteinaceous material of S. aureus observed at 260 and 280 nm, respectively. The leakage also promoted the release of divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) and monovalent (K+) cations. The release of these intracellular components might be due to pores formed in the cell membrane of S. aureus by plantaricin IIA-1A5 as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Altogether, the mode of action of plantaricin IIA-1A5 against S. aureus seems to be bactericidal as indicated by lysis of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Isnafia Arief
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - C. Budiman
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jl. UMS 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - B. Sri Laksmi Jenie
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). P.O. Box 220, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - E. Andreas
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - A. Yuneni
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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294
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Pandey N, Bhatt R. Arsenic resistance and accumulation by two bacteria isolated from a natural arsenic contaminated site. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1275-86. [PMID: 26095615 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Forty-three indigenous arsenic resistant bacteria were isolated from arsenic rich soil of Rajnandgaon district in the state of Chhattisgarh, India by enrichment culture technique. Among the isolates, two of the bacteria (As-9 and As-14) exhibited high resistance to As(V) [MIC ≥ 700 mM] and As(III) [MIC ≥ 10 mM] and were selected for further studies. Both these bacteria grew well in the presence of arsenic [20 mM As(V) and 5 mM As(III)], but the isolate As-14 strictly required arsenic for its survival and growth and was characterized as a novel arsenic dependent bacterium. The isolates contributed to 99% removal of arsenic from the growth medium which was efficiently accumulated in the cell. Quantitative estimation of arsenic through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer revealed that there was >60% accumulation of both As(V) and As(III) by the two isolates. Scanning Electron Microscopic analysis showed a fourfold increase in bacterial cell volume when grown in the presence of arsenic and the results of Transmission Electron Microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy proved that such an alteration was due to arsenic accumulation. Such arsenic resistant bacteria with efficient accumulating property could be effectively applied in the treatment of arsenic contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Renu Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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295
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Synergistic effect of membrane-active peptides polymyxin B and gramicidin S on multidrug-resistant strains and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5288-96. [PMID: 26077259 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00682-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of severe hospital-acquired infections. Currently, polymyxin B (PMB) is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, despite its undesirable side effects. The delivery of drug combinations has been shown to reduce the required therapeutic doses of antibacterial agents and thereby their toxicity if a synergistic effect is present. In this study, we investigated the synergy between two cyclic antimicrobial peptides, PMB and gramicidin S (GS), against different P. aeruginosa isolates, using a quantitative checkerboard assay with resazurin as a growth indicator. Among the 28 strains that we studied, 20 strains showed a distinct synergistic effect, represented by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.5. Remarkably, several clinical P. aeruginosa isolates that grew as small-colony variants revealed a nonsynergistic effect, as indicated by FICIs between >0.5 and ≤0.70. In addition to inhibiting the growth of planktonic bacteria, the peptide combinations significantly decreased static biofilm growth compared with treatment with the individual peptides. There was also a faster and more prolonged effect when the combination of PMB and GS was used compared with single-peptide treatments on the metabolic activity of pregrown biofilms. The results of the present study define a synergistic interaction between two cyclic membrane-active peptides toward 17 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and biofilms of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. Thus, the application of PMB and GS in combination is a promising option for a topical medication and in the prevention of acute and chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant or biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa.
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296
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Vila-Farrés X, López-Rojas R, Pachón-Ibáñez ME, Teixidó M, Pachón J, Vila J, Giralt E. Sequence-activity relationship, and mechanism of action of mastoparan analogues against extended-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:34-40. [PMID: 26114809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of some infectious diseases can currently be very challenging since the spread of multi-, extended- or pan-resistant bacteria has considerably increased over time. On the other hand, the number of new antibiotics approved by the FDA has decreased drastically over the last 30 years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the activity of wasp peptides, specifically mastoparan and some of its derivatives against extended-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. We optimized the stability of mastoparan in human serum since the specie obtained after the action of the enzymes present in human serum is not active. Thus, 10 derivatives of mastoparan were synthetized. Mastoparan analogues (guanidilated at the N-terminal, enantiomeric version and mastoparan with an extra positive charge at the C-terminal) showed the same activity against Acinetobacter baumannii as the original peptide (2.7 μM) and maintained their stability to more than 24 h in the presence of human serum compared to the original compound. The mechanism of action of all the peptides was carried out using a leakage assay. It was shown that mastoparan and the abovementioned analogues were those that released more carboxyfluorescein. In addition, the effect of mastoparan and its enantiomer against A. baumannii was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results suggested that several analogues of mastoparan could be good candidates in the battle against highly resistant A. baumannii infections since they showed good activity and high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vila-Farrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Rojas
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, CDB, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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297
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Liu D, Zhang L, Xue W, Wang Y, Ju J, Zhao B. Knockout of the alanine racemase gene inAeromonas hydrophilaHBNUAh01 results in cell wall damage and enhanced membrane permeability. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv089. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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298
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Soares JW, Kirby R, Doherty LA, Meehan A, Arcidiacono S. Immobilization and orientation-dependent activity of a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:669-79. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Soares
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center; Natick MA 01760 USA
| | - Romy Kirby
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center; Natick MA 01760 USA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center; Natick MA 01760 USA
| | - Alexa Meehan
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center; Natick MA 01760 USA
| | - Steven Arcidiacono
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center; Natick MA 01760 USA
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299
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Morita D, Sawada H, Ogawa W, Miyachi H, Kuroda T. Riccardin C derivatives cause cell leakage in Staphylococcus aureus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2057-64. [PMID: 26003535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major problem in clinical settings, and because it is resistant to most antimicrobial agents, MRSA infections are difficult to treat. We previously reported that synthetic macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) derivatives, which were originally discovered in liverworts, had anti-MRSA activity. However, the action mechanism responsible was unclear. In the present study, we elucidated the action mechanism of macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) RC-112 and its partial structure, IDPO-9 (2-phenoxyphenol). Survival experiments demonstrated that RC-112 had a bactericidal effect on MRSA, whereas IDPO-9 had bacteriostatic effects. IDPO-9-resistant mutants exhibited cross-resistance to triclosan, but not to RC-112. The mutation was identified in the fabI, enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase gene, a target of triclosan. We have not yet isolated the RC-112-resistant mutant. On the other hand, the addition of RC-112, unlike IDPO-9, caused the inflow of ethidium and propidium into S. aureus cells. RC-112-dependent ethidium outflow was observed in ethidium-loaded S. aureus cells. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed that S. aureus cells treated with RC-112 had intracellular lamellar mesosomal-like structures. Intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations were significantly changed by the RC-112 treatment. These results indicated that RC-112 increased membrane permeability to ethidium, propidium, Na+, and K+, and also that the action mechanism of IDPO-9 was different from those of the other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sawada
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Wakano Ogawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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300
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In vitro properties of designed antimicrobial peptides that exhibit potent antipneumococcal activity and produces synergism in combination with penicillin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9761. [PMID: 25985150 PMCID: PMC4434909 DOI: 10.1038/srep09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of novel antimicrobial agents owing to their potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, two lead peptides from unrelated classes of AMPs were systematically hybridized into a series of five hybrid peptides (DM1- DM5) with conserved N- and C-termini. This approach allows sequence bridging of two highly dissimilar AMPs and enables sequence-activity relationship be detailed down to single amino acid level. Presence of specific amino acids and physicochemical properties were used to describe the antipneumococcal activity of these hybrids. Results obtained suggested that cell wall and/or membrane targeting could be the principal mechanism exerted by the hybrids leading to microbial cell killing. Moreover, the pneumocidal rate was greater than penicillin (PEN). Combination treatment with both DMs and PEN produced synergism. The hybrids were also broad spectrum against multiple common clinical bacteria. Sequence analysis showed that presence of specific residues has a major role in affecting the antimicrobial and cell toxicity of the hybrids than physicochemical properties. Future studies should continue to investigate the mechanisms of actions, in vivo therapeutic potential, and improve rational peptide design based on the current strategy.
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