251
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Alpdemir M, Eryilmaz M, Alpdemir MF, Topçu G, Azak A, Yücel D. Comparison of Widely Used Biochemical Analytes in the Serum and Saliva Samples of Dialysis Patients. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:346-354. [PMID: 30598632 PMCID: PMC6298461 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to determine whether the saliva analysis is an alternative to routine biochemical and immunoassay analyses in patients undergoing perito - neal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD). Methods Study group consisted of 40 healthy control, 44 PD and 44 HD patients. Routine biochemical analytes, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3, free T4, vitamin B12, ferritin and folic acid were measured. Results Compared to pre-HD, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium levels were lower in post-HD, and calcium, magnesium, vitamin B12 levels were higher in post-HD both in saliva and serum. Positive correlations between saliva and serum were found for TSH and ferritin in control; urea, LDH, K in PD; urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase in pre-HD, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, iron, TSH in post-HD. There was a negative correlation only for creatine kinase and Mg in pre-HD and calcium in post-HD. In all groups, a positive correlation was found for urea, creatinine and a negative correlation was found for magnesium. Conclusions Our study showed higher salivary urea and creatinine levels in patient groups, consistent with serum levels. Based on these results, salivary urea and creatinine levels may be useful in the evaluation of azotemia in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Alpdemir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Balıkesir State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Eryilmaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aydın Çine State Hospital, Ministry of Health,Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Alpdemir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Balıkesir State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Güler Topçu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Balıkesir State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Alper Azak
- Department of Nephrology, Balikesir State Hospital, Ministry of Health, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Doğan Yücel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health,Ankara, Turkey
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252
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Lindsay A, Costello JT. Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine. Sports Med 2018; 47:11-31. [PMID: 27294353 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
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253
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Noiphung J, Nguyen MP, Punyadeera C, Wan Y, Laiwattanapaisal W, Henry CS. Development of Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Minimizing the Viscosity Effect in Human Saliva. Theranostics 2018; 8:3797-3807. [PMID: 30083260 PMCID: PMC6071535 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Saliva as a sample matrix is rapidly gaining interest for disease diagnosis and point-of-care assays because it is easy to collect (non-invasive) and contains many health-related biomarkers. However, saliva poses particular problems relative to more common urine and blood matrices, which includes low analyte concentrations, lack of understanding of biomolecule transportation and inherent viscosity variability in human samples. While several studies have sought to improve assay sensitivity, few have addressed sample viscosity specifically. The goal of this study is to minimize the effect of sample viscosity on paper-based analytical devices (PADs) for the measurement of pH and nitrite in human saliva. Methods: PADs were used to measure salivary pH from 5.0 to 10.0 with a universal indicator consisting of chlorophenol red, phenol red and phenolphthalein. Nitrite determination was performed using the Griess reaction. Artificial saliva with viscosity values between 1.54 and 5.10 mPa∙s was tested on the proposed PAD. To ensure the proposed PADs can be tailored for use in-field analysis, the devices were shipped to Australia and tested with human specimens. Results: Initial experiments showed that viscosity had a significant impact on the calibration curve for nitrite; however, a more consistent curve could be generated when buffer was added after the sample, irrespective of sample viscosity. The linear range for nitrite detection was 0.1 to 2.4 mg/dL using the improved method. The nitrite measurement in artificial saliva also showed a good correlation with the standard spectrophotometry method (p=0.8484, paired sample t-test, n=20). Measured pH values from samples with varying viscosities correlated well with the results from our pH meter. Conclusions: The inherent variation of salivary viscosity that impacts nitrite and pH results can be addressed using a simple washing step on the PAD without the need for complex procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaluk Noiphung
- Ph.D program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Michael P. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Yunxia Wan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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254
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Arbelaez ML, Viafara Garcia SM, Lopez JP, Avila D, Munevar JC, Pauwels A. Effect of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement in osteoporotic patients: A review. J World Fed Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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255
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Label-Free Detection of Salivary Pepsin Using Gold Nanoparticle/Polypyrrole Nanocoral Modified Screen-Printed Electrode. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061685. [PMID: 29882917 PMCID: PMC6021850 DOI: 10.3390/s18061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Detection of salivary pepsin has been given attention as a new diagnostic tool for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease, because saliva collection is non-invasive and relatively comfortable. In this study, we prepared polypyrrole nanocorals (PPNCs) on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by a soft template synthesis method, using β-naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) (for short, PPNCs/SPCE). Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were then decorated on PPNCs/SPCE by electrodeposition (for short, GNP/PPNCs/SPCE). To construct the immunosensor, pepsin antibody was immobilized on GNP/PPNCs/SPCE. Next, citric acid was applied to prevent non-specific binding and change the electrode surface charge before pepsin incubation. Electrochemical stepwise characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry, and immunosensor response toward different pepsin concentrations was measured by differential pulsed voltammetry. As a result, our electrochemical immunosensor showed a sensitive detection performance toward pepsin with a linear range from 6.25 to 100 ng/mL and high specificity toward pepsin, as well as a low limit of detection of 2.2 ng/mL. Finally, we quantified the pepsin levels in saliva samples of LPR patients (n = 2), showing that the results were concordant with those of a conventional ELISA method. Therefore, we expect that this electrochemical immunosensor could be helpful for preliminarily diagnosing LPR through the detection of pepsin in saliva.
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256
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Arvidsson M, Ullah S, Franck J, Dahl ML, Beck O. Drug abuse screening with exhaled breath and oral fluid in adults with substance use disorder. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:27-32. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Arvidsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Johan Franck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marja-Liisa Dahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Beck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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257
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Stanescu II, Calenic B, Dima A, Gugoasa LA, Balanescu E, Stefan-van Staden RI, Baicus C, Badita DG, Greabu M. Salivary biomarkers of inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Anat 2018; 219:89-93. [PMID: 29621567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is currently used as a reliable diagnostic fluid in a wide range of local and systemic diseases. However, the link between salivary diagnosis and the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases has not yet been explored. The aim of our study is to assess possible correlations between salivary inflammatory markers and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients fulfilling the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) diagnosis criteria were included. Salivary and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined using stochastic sensors. Serum leptin and IL-6 had significantly higher levels in SLE patients compared to non-SLE. Also, salivary IL-6 levels highly correlated with the serum IL-6 levels. A positive correlation was found between salivary and serum levels of IL-6, signaling salivary IL-6 as a reliable marker for assessing the inflammation process in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia-Ioana Stanescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Dima
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Alexandra Gugoasa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Balanescu
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, Colentina Research Center, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 020125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Baicus
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania; Colentina Clinical Hospital, Colentina Research Center, 19-21 Stefan cel Mare Street, 020125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gabriela Badita
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474, Bucharest, Romania
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258
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Salivary Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in the Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.9941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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259
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Salivary Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3921247. [PMID: 29721505 PMCID: PMC5867662 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3921247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently detected at an advanced stage due to diagnosis difficulties. Salivary biomarkers, if existing, could be used for predictive diagnosis of this disease. Human saliva contains a large number of proteins that can be used for diagnosis and are of great potential in clinical research. The use of proteomic analysis to characterize whole saliva (WS) in SSc has gained an increasing attention in the last years and the identification of salivary proteins specific for SSc could lead to early diagnosis or new therapeutic targets. This review will present an overview about the use of WS in SSc studies. The proteomic technologies currently used for global identification of salivary proteins in SSc, as well as the advantages and limitations for the use of WS as a diagnostic tool, will be presented.
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260
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Cui L, Elzakra N, Xu S, Xiao GG, Yang Y, Hu S. Investigation of three potential autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome and associated MALT lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30039-30049. [PMID: 28404907 PMCID: PMC5444724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease which might progress to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (pSS/MALT). Diagnosis of pSS requires an invasive tissue biopsy and a delay in diagnosis of pSS has been frequently reported. In this study, four proteins including cofilin-1, alpha-enolase, annexin A2 and Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 (RGI2) were found to be over-expressed in pSS and pSS/MALT by 2D gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry, and the finding was verified by the microarray analysis and western blotting results. We then developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for autoantibodies including anti-cofilin-1, anti-alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 with good quantitative ability. The expression levels of salivary anti-cofilin-1, anti-alpha-enolase and anti-RGI2 were found to be the highest in pSS/MALT patients and lowest in healthy controls. The combination of these three antiantibodies yielded an “area under the curve” (AUC) value of 0.94 with an 86% sensitivity and 93% specificity in distinguishing patients with pSS from healthy controls, an AUC value of 0.99 with a 95% sensitivity and 94% specificity in distinguishing patients with pSS/MALT from healthy controls and an AUC value of 0.86 with a 75% sensitivity and 94% specificity in distinguishing pSS/MALT patients from pSS patients. Collectively, we have successfully identified a panel of potential autoantigens that are progressively up-regulated during the development of pSS and its progression to MALT lymphoma. The autoantibody biomarkers may be used to help diagnose pSS and predict its progression to MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.,Department of Dentistry, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Naseim Elzakra
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Yan Yang
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shen Hu
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA
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261
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Saliva as a source of new phosphopeptide biomarkers: Development of a comprehensive analytical method based on shotgun peptidomics. Talanta 2018; 183:245-249. [PMID: 29567172 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the development of an enrichment method for the analysis of the endogenous phosphopeptides in saliva. The method was based on magnetic solid phase extraction by a magnetic graphitized carbon black-TiO2 composite material and was developed considering different saliva pre-treatments, namely C18 solid phase extraction for purification, direct dilution in loading buffer or acetonitrile precipitation. The method was based on a shotgun proteomics workflow and the enriched peptide mixture was analysed by nanoHPLC and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile precipitation provided the best results, with up to 165 endogenous phosphopeptides identified in saliva samples from healthy individuals. The physico-chemical features of the identified endogenous phosphopeptides indicated that such peptides were large, hydrophilic and basic.
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262
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Sun Y, Huo C, Qiao Z, Shang Z, Uzzaman A, Liu S, Jiang X, Fan LY, Ji L, Guan X, Cao CX, Xiao H. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes and Microvesicles in Human Saliva for Lung Cancer. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1101-1107. [PMID: 29397740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived microparticles present in most body fluids, mainly including microvesicles and exosomes. EV-harbored proteins have emerged as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of different cancers. We successfully isolated microvesicles and exosomes from human saliva, which were further characterized comprehensively. Salivary EV protein profiling in normal subjects and lung cancer patients was systematically compared through utilizing LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantification. 785 and 910 proteins were identified from salivary exosomes and microvesicles, respectively. According to statistical analysis, 150 and 243 proteins were revealed as dysregulated candidates in exosomes and microvesicles for lung cancer. Among them, 25 and 40 proteins originally from distal organ cells were found in the salivary exosomes and microvesicles of lung cancer patients. In particular, 5 out of 25 and 9 out of 40 are lung-related proteins. Six potential candidates were selected for verification by Western blot, and four of them, namely, BPIFA1, CRNN, MUC5B, and IQGAP, were confirmed either in salivary microvesicles or in exosomes. Our data collectively demonstrate that salivary EVs harbor informative proteins that might be used for the detection of lung cancer through a noninvasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunhui Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Asad Uzzaman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liu-Yin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liyun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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263
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Akhtar N, Jafarikia M, Sullivan BP, Li J. An efficient method for saliva collection from mature pigs to determine their enzymatic and electrolytic profiles. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:147-151. [PMID: 29187709 PMCID: PMC5797874 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel ‘rope-assisted swab method’ for the collection of saliva samples from 45 adult pigs was established and validated. This method was efficient for harvesting 2 milliliters or more of saliva from
each of the pigs for subsequent analyses within two min. The amount of α-amylase and lipase in the collected saliva samples was between 38−6,655 and 2−52 U/l, respectively. For
HCO3− and electrolytes, the range was between 9−40, 15−76, 4.3−48.5 and 7−65 mM for HCO3−, Na+, K+ and Cl−, respectively. No significant
differences in the enzymatic and electrolytic profiles were observed among sows with a high average litter size (SHA), sows with a low average litter size (SLA) and non-pregnant gilts (NPG) in this study. Our work
reveals the efficiency of this collection method for mature pigs, and enzymatic and electrolytic profiling of saliva, which may be a useful reference for multiple diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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264
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Torres SMF, Furrow E, Souza CP, Granick JL, de Jong EP, Griffin TJ, Wang X. Salivary proteomics of healthy dogs: An in depth catalog. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191307. [PMID: 29329347 PMCID: PMC5766244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide an in-depth catalog of the salivary proteome and endogenous peptidome of healthy dogs, evaluate proteins and peptides with antimicrobial properties, and compare the most common salivary proteins and peptides between different breed phylogeny groups. Methods 36 healthy dogs without evidence of periodontal disease representing four breed phylogeny groups, based upon single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes (ancient, herding/sighthound, and two miscellaneous groups). Saliva collected from dogs was pooled by phylogeny group and analyzed using nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Resulting tandem mass spectra were compared to databases for identification of endogenous peptides and inferred proteins. Results 2,491 proteins and endogenous peptides were found in the saliva of healthy dogs with no periodontal disease. All dog phylogeny groups’ saliva was rich in proteins and peptides with antimicrobial functions. The ancient breeds group was distinct in that it contained unique proteins and was missing many proteins and peptides present in the other groups. Conclusions and clinical relevance Using a sophisticated nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to identify 10-fold more salivary proteins than previously reported in dogs. Seven of the top 10 most abundant proteins or peptides serve immune functions and many more with various antimicrobial mechanisms were found. This is the most comprehensive analysis of healthy canine saliva to date, and will provide the groundwork for future studies analyzing salivary proteins and endogenous peptides in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. F. Torres
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Furrow
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clarissa P. Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Granick
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ebbing P. de Jong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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265
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Cortes-Serra N, Pinazo MJ, de la Torre L, Galizzi M, Gascon J, Bustamante JM. Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Status using Saliva of Infected Subjects. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:464-467. [PMID: 29313472 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease has the highest prevalence of any parasitic disease in the Americas, affecting 6-7 million people. Conventional diagnosis requires a well-equipped laboratory with experienced personnel. The development of new diagnostic tools that are easy to use and adapted to the reality of affected populations and health systems is still a significant challenge. The main objective of this study was to measure Trypanosoma cruzi infection status using saliva samples of infected subjects. Blood and saliva samples from 20 T. cruzi-seropositive individuals and 10 controls were tested for T. cruzi infection using two different commercial serological tests. We have shown that detection of T. cruzi infection is possible using saliva samples, supporting the potential use of saliva to diagnose Chagas disease in humans. This method could provide a simple, low-cost but effective tool for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. Its noninvasive nature makes it particularly well suited for endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Cortes-Serra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesus Pinazo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Bustamante
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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266
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Potential of saliva steroid profiling for the detection of endogenous steroid abuse: Reference thresholds for oral fluid steroid concentrations and ratios. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 999:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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267
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Abstract
Oral biofilm and its molecular analysis provide a basis for investigating various dental research and clinical questions. Knowledge of biofilm composition leads to a better understanding of cariogenic and periopathogenic mechanisms. Microbial changes taking place in the oral cavity during childhood are of interest for several reasons. The evolution of the child oral microbiota and shifts in its composition need to be analyzed further to understand and possibly prevent the onset of disease. At the same time, advanced knowledge of the natural composition of oral biofilm is needed. Early stages of caries-free permanent dentition with healthy gums provide a widely unaffected subgingival habitat that can serve as an in situ baseline for studying features of oral health and disease. Analysis of children's oral biofilm during different stages in life is thus an important theme in the field. Modern molecular analysis methods can provide comprehensive information about the bacterial diversity of such biofilms. To enable microbiota data comparison, it is important to standardize each step in the procedure for molecular data generation. This procedure spans from clinical sampling, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), bioinformatic data processing, to taxonomic interpretation. One of the most critical factors here is biofilm sampling. Sampling in children is even more challenging in particular due to limited space in subgingival areas. We thus focus on the use of paper points for subgingival sampling. This article provides a detailed protocol for oral biofilm sampling of the subgingival sulcus, the mucosa, and saliva in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Santigli
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz
| | - Martin Koller
- Division of Preventive and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz
| | - Barbara Klug
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz;
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268
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Zheng Y, Sparve E, Bergström M. A simple validated multi-analyte method for detecting drugs in oral fluid by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:1001-1008. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Drug Abuse; Unilabs AB; Eskilstuna Sweden
| | - Erik Sparve
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Drug Abuse; Unilabs AB; Eskilstuna Sweden
| | - Mats Bergström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Drug Abuse; Unilabs AB; Eskilstuna Sweden
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269
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Tajmul M, Parween F, Singh L, Mathur SR, Sharma JB, Kumar S, Sharma DN, Yadav S. Identification and validation of salivary proteomic signatures for non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:503-514. [PMID: 29222021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers among all gynecological malignancies. An effective and non-invasive screening approach is needed urgently to reduce high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to identify the salivary protein signatures (SPS) for non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer. Differentially expressed SPS were identified by fluorescence-based 2D-DIGE coupled with MALDI/TOF-MS. The expression levels of three differential proteins (Lipocalin-2, indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) and S100A8) were validated using western blotting and ELISA. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were performed in an independent cohort of ovarian tumor tissues. 25 over expressed and 19 under expressed (p<0.05) proteins between healthy controls and cancer patients were identified. Lipocalin-2, IDO1 and S100A8 were selected for initial verification and successfully verified by immunoassay. Diagnostic potential of the candidate biomarkers was evaluated by ROC analysis. The selected biomarkers were further validated by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of ovarian tissues. The global expression of selected targets was also analyzed by microarray and validated using qRT-PCR to strengthen our hypothesis. Tumor secreted proteins identified by 'dual-omics' strategy, whose concentration are significantly high in ovarian cancer patients have obvious potential to be used as screening biomarker after large scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tajmul
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Farhat Parween
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep R Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - J B Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - D N Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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270
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Kaur K, Chang HH, Cook J, Eibl G, Jewett A. Suppression of Gingival NK Cells in Precancerous and Cancerous Stages of Pancreatic Cancer in KC and BLT-Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1606. [PMID: 29255459 PMCID: PMC5723011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our studies is to determine the dynamics of natural killer (NK) cell modulation in gingivae in precancerous and cancerous stages of pancreatic and oral cancers in P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D (KC) mice carrying a pancreas-specific oncogenic Kras mutation and BLT-humanized mice. Wild type and KC mice fed with control diet (CD) or high-fat calorie diet (HFCD), and the pancreatic and oral tumor-bearing humanized BLT (hu-BLT) mice were used to determine precancerous and cancer induced changes in numbers and function of gingival NK cells. Increased numbers of PanIN lesions and the greatest score of inflammation in pancreas of KC mice fed with CD and HFCD co-related with significant decline in percentages of circulating and gingival NK cells, lack of DX5+ NK expansion and increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-6 after culture. At the malignant stage of pancreatic cancer, hu-BLT tumor-bearing mice had the lowest secretion of IFN-γ from cells dissociated from the gingival tissues as compared to those from non-tumor-bearing mice. Injection of NK cells into tumor-bearing mice increased IFN-γ secretion, and the secretion was similar or higher than those obtained by gingival cells from non-tumor-bearing hu-BLT control mice. The highest increase in IFN-γ secretion was observed when tumor-bearing mice were fed with AJ2 probiotic bacteria and injected with the NK cells. Along with an increase in secretion of IFN-γ, injection of NK cells in the presence and absence of feeding with AJ2 in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice increased percentages of CD45+ and CD3+ T cells in oral gingival cells. Similar results were observed with oral tumors. In conclusion, these results indicated that oral cavity may mirror systemic disease and provide a rationale for why cancer patients may be prone to suffer from diverse oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Cook
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Tumor Immunology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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271
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Halpern LR, Shealer ML, Cho R, McMichael EB, Rogers J, Ferguson-Young D, Mouton CP, Tabatabai M, Southerland J, Gangula P. Influence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Exposure on Cardiovascular and Salivary Biosensors: Is There a Relationship? J Natl Med Assoc 2017; 109:252-261. [PMID: 29173932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health epidemic that initiates/exacerbates health consequences affecting a victim's lifespan. IPV can significantly predispose women to a lifetime risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the effects of stress and inflammation. This study investigates the correlation among IPV exposure, in-vivo CVD events, and inflammatory biomarkers as predictor indices(s) for CVD in female dental patients. METHODS Of 37 women enrolled in this study, 19 were African-American (AA) and 18 non-African-American (non-AA) and their ages ranged from 19 to 63 years. IPV-exposure and stress-induced in-vivo CVD events such as Chest Pain (CP) and Heart palpitations were recorded from all enrolled subjects. Cardiovascular events were obtained through surveys by patient self-report. Saliva specimens were obtained from all women and were analyzed for CVD biomarkers using multiplex-ELISA. RESULTS The prevalence of IPV was 51% (19/37) and statistically equivalent for AA and non-AA. The results show differences in experience of 1) CP (p < 0.01) and 2) heart palpitations (p < 0.02) when IPV + participants are compared with IPV- AA and non-AA cohorts. Of 10 CVD biomarkers analyzed, significant correlations between IPV+ and IPV- subjects were observed for biomarkers that include Interleukin-1β/sCD40L; TNFα/sCD40L; Myoglobin/IL-1β; CRP/sCD40L; CRP/IL-6; CRP/TNFα; TNFα/siCAM; CRP/MMP9; TNF-α/Adiponectin (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION/IMPLICATIONS Analysis of in vivo CVD status showed that significant race/health disparities exist in IPV + cohorts, as well as increased expression of inflammatory mediators, specifically CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP9. Women who have experienced IPV may be a target cohort for primary prevention of CVD. The use of salivary biomarkers and our protocol may provide a less invasive method to help increase identification of victims at risk for IPV and CVD and potentially decrease other health injuries associated with IPV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Halpern
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Utah, School of Dentistry, 530S Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Malcolm L Shealer
- Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Rian Cho
- Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Elizabeth B McMichael
- Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Joseph Rogers
- Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Daphne Ferguson-Young
- Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, General Practice Residency, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Charles P Mouton
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mohammad Tabatabai
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Janet Southerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meharry Medical College School of Dentistry, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Pandu Gangula
- Department of Oral Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DB Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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272
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Yee EH, Lathwal S, Shah PP, Sikes HD. Detection of Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease in Human Saliva Using Stabilized, Vertical Flow Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1589-1593. [PMID: 29090909 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report methods for stabilizing cellulose-based immunoassays and using this platform to analyze human saliva. Stabilization treatments of immunoassays for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 and -9, biomarkers of periodontal disease, were conducted and compared, revealing that anti-MMP-8 and -9 capture antibodies could be stabilized with the addition of a 5% trehalose solution to the test zones, followed by drying in a vacuum oven. After stabilization, the paper devices retained equivalent binding activity to that of freshly prepared tests for 14 days-a time frame that enables US-based clinical testing of this diagnostic assay. A saliva pretreatment method was developed to remove viscous elements without reducing the concentration or binding activity of dissolved proteins. Immunoassays were stored in ziplock bags containing desiccant, and used to detect nanomolar concentrations of MMP-9 in human saliva across the relevant clinical concentration range. These methods and findings facilitate rapid, affordable validation studies of this and other biomarkers that are found in saliva using vertical flow immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Yee
- Chemical
Engineering, ‡Media Arts and Sciences, Media Lab,
and §Program in Polymers
and Soft Matter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shefali Lathwal
- Chemical
Engineering, ‡Media Arts and Sciences, Media Lab,
and §Program in Polymers
and Soft Matter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pratik P. Shah
- Chemical
Engineering, ‡Media Arts and Sciences, Media Lab,
and §Program in Polymers
and Soft Matter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Chemical
Engineering, ‡Media Arts and Sciences, Media Lab,
and §Program in Polymers
and Soft Matter, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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273
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Jones BL, Elwazeer S, Taylor ZE. Salivary uric acid and C-reactive protein associations with hypertension in Midwestern Latino preadolescents and their parents. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 60:104-110. [PMID: 29127717 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Latino families face increased risk for hypertension. Serum-based uric acid and C-reactive protein have been linked to hypertension. However, a paucity of salivary biomarker data exists in this area for Latino families. Using salivary biomarkers enables less invasive options for biomedical and biosocial research, which is especially important among vulnerable populations facing increased health disparities. This study examined the associations between salivary uric (sUA) acid, salivary C-reactive protein (sCRP), and hypertension among 151 participants (57 children, 57 mothers, 37 fathers) from 57 Midwestern Latino families. Participants self-administered the salivary samples, and blood pressure was measured by researchers. Results showed sUA was associated across family members, and child hypertension was related to parents' hypertension. sCRP was only related to sUA in fathers. Findings highlight the family-level health connections, along with the importance for further investigations using salivary biomarkers with Latinos, and the need for a robust sUA cut-off for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Salma Elwazeer
- Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zoe E Taylor
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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274
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Mfuh KO, Tassi Yunga S, Esemu LF, Bekindaka ON, Yonga J, Djontu JC, Mbakop CD, Taylor DW, Nerurkar VR, Leke RGF. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva samples stored at room temperature: potential for a non-invasive saliva-based diagnostic test for malaria. Malar J 2017; 16:434. [PMID: 29078786 PMCID: PMC5658920 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current malaria diagnostic methods require blood collection, that may be associated with pain and the risk of transmitting blood-borne pathogens, and often create poor compliance when repeated sampling is needed. On the other hand, the collection of saliva is minimally invasive; but saliva has not been widely used for the diagnosis of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of saliva collected and stored at room temperature using the OMNIgene®•ORAL kit for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Methods Paired blood and saliva samples were collected from 222 febrile patients in Cameroon. Saliva samples were collected using the OMNIgene®•ORAL (OM-501) kit and stored at room temperature for up to 13 months. Thick blood film microscopy (TFM) was used to detect P. falciparum blood-stage parasites in blood. Detection of P. falciparum DNA in blood and saliva was based on amplification of the multi-copy 18 s rRNA gene using the nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Results Prevalence of malaria detected by TFM, nPCR-saliva and nPCR-blood was 22, 29, and 35%, respectively. Using TFM as the gold standard, the sensitivity of nPCR-saliva and nPCR-blood in detecting P. falciparum was 95 and 100%, respectively; with corresponding specificities of 93 and 87%. When nPCR-blood was used as gold standard, the sensitivity of nPCR-saliva and microscopy was 82 and 68%, respectively; whereas, the specificity was 99 and 100%, respectively. Nested PCR-saliva had a very good agreement with both TFM (kappa value 0.8) and blood PCR (kappa value 0.8). At parasitaemia > 10,000 parasites/µl of blood, the sensitivity of nPCR-saliva was 100%. Nested PCR-saliva detected 16 sub-microscopic malaria infections. One year after sample collection, P. falciparum DNA was detected in 80% of saliva samples stored at room temperature. Conclusions Saliva can potentially be used as an alternative non-invasive sample for the diagnosis of malaria and the OMNIgene®•ORAL kit is effective at transporting and preserving malaria parasite DNA in saliva at room temperature. The technology described in this study for diagnosis of malaria in resource-limited countries adds on to the armamentarium needed for elimination of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji O Mfuh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Tassi Yunga
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Livo F Esemu
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jessica Yonga
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Diane W Taylor
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Vivek R Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rose G F Leke
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National Medical Research Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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275
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Zhang X, Walsh T, Atherton JJ, Kostner K, Schulz B, Punyadeera C. Identification and Validation of a Salivary Protein Panel to Detect Heart Failure Early. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4350-4358. [PMID: 29158831 PMCID: PMC5695135 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 26 million people suffer from heart failure (HF) globally. Current diagnosis of HF relies on clinical evaluation, blood assays and imaging techniques. Our aim is to develop a diagnostic assay to detect HF in at risk individuals within the community using human saliva as a medium, potentially leading to a simple, safe early warning system. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n=36) and HF patients (n=75). Salivary proteome profiles were analysed by Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical fragment ion spectra - Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS). A total of 738 proteins were quantified and 177 proteins demonstrated significant differences between HF patients and healthy controls. Candidate biomarkers were chosen based on their abundance and difference between the two cohorts. A multi-protein panel was developed using logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of the multi-protein panel was assessed using receiver operative characteristic curves. The candidate proteins were further confirmed, using western blot analysis, and validated technically, using an independent biological cohort. RESULTS A group of six proteins were chosen in the discovery phase as potential candidates based on their differences in the abundance between the two cohorts. During the validation phase, two of the proteins were not detected with western blotting and as such were removed. The final panel consists of four proteins with sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 62.5% with an area under ROC curve of 0.78 in discriminating healthy controls from NYHA class I/II HF patients, and was validated in a second independent cohort study. CONCLUSION Analysis of salivary proteome using SWATH-MS revealed novel HF-specific protein candidates yielding high diagnostic performance. A multi-centre longitudinal clinical trial will be the next step before clinical implementation of this panel.
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276
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Renda R. Can salivary creatinine and urea levels be used to diagnose chronic kidney disease in children as accurately as serum creatinine and urea levels? A case-control study. Ren Fail 2017; 39:452-457. [PMID: 28372505 PMCID: PMC6446173 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1308256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop many metabolic changes in blood that often necessitate frequent biochemical analysis. Serum analysis is an invasive and painful procedure. It would be highly beneficial if a noninvasive alternative process to serum analysis in children were identified. Saliva can be collected noninvasively, repeatedly, and without the use of healthcare personnel. The aims of this study were to compare serum and salivary urea and creatinine levels in children with CKD and healthy controls, and to determine if salivary creatinine and urea levels can be used to diagnose CKD in children as accurately as serum creatinine and urea levels. Materials and methods: This case–control study included 35 children with CKD and 28 healthy children as controls. Saliva and blood samples were collected for measurement of urea and creatinine levels. The urea and creatinine levels in serum and saliva in the CKD and control groups were compared using the independent samples Mann–Whitney U test. Correlations between the serum and salivary urea and creatinine levels were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of salivary creatinine and cutoff values were identified. Results: In the CKD group, the mean salivary creatinine level was 0.45 mg/dL and the mean salivary urea level was 0.11 mg/dL, versus 28.83 mg/dL and 21.78 mg/dL, respectively, in the control group. Stage 4 and 5 CKD patients had a mean salivary urea level of 31.35 mg/dL, as compared to 17.78 mg/dL in the control group. Serum urea and creatinine, and salivary creatinine were significantly higher in the CKD patients (regardless of disease stage) than in the controls (p < .05). The salivary urea level was significantly higher in the stage 4 and 5 CKD patients than in the controls (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between serum and salivary creatinine. The area under the curve for salivary creatinine was 0.805. The cutoff value for salivary creatinine was 0.125 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 78.6%. Conclusions: Based on the positive correlation between the serum and saliva creatinine levels observed in the present study, we think saliva analysis could be used as a noninvasive alternative to blood analysis for diagnosing CKD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Renda
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , Antalya Research and Education Hospital , Antalya , Turkey
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277
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Chorzewski M, Orywal K, Sierpinska T, Golebiewska M. Salivary protective factors in patients suffering from decompensated type 2 diabetes. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:211-215. [PMID: 28505540 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defining the level of protective factors in saliva of patients suffering from decompensated type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS 50 Patients with diagnosis of decompensated type 2 diabetes, including 32 women and 18 men at the age of 57.9±9.2 years. The control group consisted of 50 people among whom there were 38 women and 12 men whose average age was estimated at 51.2±9.9 years. RESULTS It was stated the increased concentration of total protein by 60% and decreased concentration of IgA by 70%, of lysozyme by 27% and of lactoferrin by 40% in resting saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes if compared to the control group. These outcomes were really statistically meaningful. The evaluation of dependences between the analyzed protective factors and the indicator of oral cavity condition proved the positive correlation between the concentration of total protein and the number of DMFT (i.e. the rate of caries intensity). The remaining coefficients of correlation being evaluated proved to be negative and statistically meaningless. CONCLUSION The obtained outcomes prove a high influence of proteins included in saliva on the prevalence and development of caries at patients with decompensated type 2 diabetes.
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278
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Langie SAS, Moisse M, Declerck K, Koppen G, Godderis L, Vanden Berghe W, Drury S, De Boever P. Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121 Suppl 3:93-101. [PMID: 27901320 PMCID: PMC5644718 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non-invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva 'the' biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A. S. Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Faculty of SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | | | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic SignalingDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre Environment & HealthDepartment of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- IDEWEExternal Service for Prevention and Protection at WorkHeverleeBelgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic SignalingDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Stacy Drury
- The Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Faculty of SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
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279
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Namuganga AR, Chegou NN, Mubiri P, Walzl G, Mayanja-Kizza H. Suitability of saliva for Tuberculosis diagnosis: comparing with serum. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:600. [PMID: 28859607 PMCID: PMC5580300 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the search for fast, simple and better ways for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), there is need to discover and evaluate new biomarkers that are found in samples other than sputum to determine their effectiveness. This study examined the utility of saliva vis-a-vis serum by evaluating levels of biomarkers found in saliva and serum from TB suspects. Methods Study enrolled tuberculosis suspects. Sputum MGIT was used as the gold standard for active TB. Quantiferon gold-In tube assay was done to identify exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Multiplex assay was run for 10 markers using a 10 plex customized kit from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Results There was a significant difference between saliva and serum marker levels. Saliva had significantly higher levels of GM-CSF and VEGF. Serum had higher levels of MIP-1a, b, TNF-a, G-CSF and IFN-g. Serum levels of IL-6, VEGF and TNF-a were significantly different between participants with active TB disease and those with other respiratory diseases. Conclusion Salivary TB biomarkers are worth the search to evaluate their ability to differentiate between TB disease states for generation of a non invasive point of care test for TB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ritah Namuganga
- Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda. .,Uganda - Case Western Research Collaboration, Mulago-Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Novel N Chegou
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Mubiri
- Uganda - Case Western Research Collaboration, Mulago-Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda - Case Western Research Collaboration, Mulago-Kampala, Uganda.,College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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280
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Baskoro BD, Nugraha RA, Puspitawati R, Redjeki S. Effect of centrifugation at 7,000 g, 8,000 g, and 9,000 g on the salivary protein profile ≥30 kDa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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281
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Lim Y, Totsika M, Morrison M, Punyadeera C. The saliva microbiome profiles are minimally affected by collection method or DNA extraction protocols. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8523. [PMID: 28819242 PMCID: PMC5561025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva has attracted attention as a diagnostic fluid due to the association of oral microbiota with systemic diseases. However, the lack of standardised methods for saliva collection has led to the slow uptake of saliva in microbiome research. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the potential effects on salivary microbiome profiles using different methods of saliva collection, storage and gDNA extraction. Three types of saliva fractions were collected from healthy individuals with or without the gDNA stabilising buffer. Subsequently, three types of gDNA extraction methods were evaluated to determine the gDNA extraction efficiencies from saliva samples. The purity of total bacterial gDNA was evaluated using the ratio of human β-globin to bacterial 16S rRNA PCR while 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was carried out to identify the bacterial profiles present in these samples. The quantity and quality of extracted gDNA were similar among all three gDNA extraction methods and there were no statistically significant differences in the bacterial profiles among different saliva fractions at the genus-level of taxonomic classification. In conclusion, saliva sampling, processing and gDNA preparation do not have major influence on microbiome profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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282
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Measelle JR, Ablow JC. Contributions of early adversity to pro-inflammatory phenotype in infancy: the buffer provided by attachment security. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 20:1-23. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1362657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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283
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Tang KD, Kenny L, Perry C, Frazer I, Punyadeera C. The overexpression of salivary cytokeratins as potential diagnostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72272-72280. [PMID: 29069786 PMCID: PMC5641129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokeratin (CK) intermediate filaments are demonstrated to have enormous potential in regulating cellular motility and cancer progression. There are more than 20 divergent CKs that have been identified, of which CK 8, 17, 18 and 19 are reported to be elevated in the tumour biopsies of head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, CK expression profiles in the saliva of HNSCC patients have not been investigated. We aim to investigate the mRNA expression profiles of CKs in saliva collected from healthy controls, HPV-negative and -positive HNSCC patients. METHODS Oral rinse samples were collected from 42 cancer-free healthy controls (age-matched) and patients who have been diagnosed with HPV-negative (n = 20) and -positive (n = 48) HNSCC. RESULTS Here, we report that the mRNA expression profiles of CKs differed in saliva collected from healthy controls and HNSCC patients. The mRNA expression levels of CK 8 and 18 were significantly elevated in saliva collected from HPV-negative HNSCC patients; whilst, CK 17 and 19 were expressed at a higher mRNA level in saliva collected from HPV-positive HNSCC patients compared to healthy controls. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed salivary CK 8 and 18 to have superior sensitivity and specificity in discriminating the HPV-negative HNSCC patients from healthy controls (80% and 86%) as well as between HPV-negative and -positive HNSCC patients (75% and 81%). CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated that an aberrant expression of salivary CKs may serve as a potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dun Tang
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,The Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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284
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Construction and characterization of the Korean whole saliva proteome to determine ethnic differences in human saliva proteome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181765. [PMID: 28742128 PMCID: PMC5524414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first step to discover protein disease biomarkers from saliva, global analyses of the saliva proteome have been carried out since the early 2000s, and more than 3,000 proteins have been identified in human saliva. Recently, ethnic differences in the human plasma proteome have been reported, but such corresponding studies on human saliva in this aspect have not been previously reported. Thus, here, in order to determine ethnic differences in the human saliva proteome, a Korean whole saliva (WS) proteome catalogue indexing 480 proteins was built and characterized through nLC-Q-IMS-TOF analyses of WS samples collected from eleven healthy South Korean male adult volunteers for the first time. Identification of 226 distinct Korean WS proteins, not observed in the integrated human saliva protein dataset, and significant gene ontology distribution differences in the Korean WS proteome compared to the integrated human saliva proteome strongly support ethnic differences in the human saliva proteome. Additionally, the potential value of ethnicity-specific human saliva proteins as biomarkers for diseases highly prevalent in that ethnic group was confirmed by finding 35 distinct Korean WS proteins likely to be associated with the top 10 deadliest diseases in South Korea. Finally, the present Korean WS protein list can serve as the first level reference for future proteomic studies including disease biomarker studies on Korean saliva.
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285
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Li X, Liu L, Wang H, Chen J, Zhu B, Chen H, Hou H, Hu Q. Simultaneous analysis of six aldehyde-DNA adducts in salivary DNA of nonsmokers and smokers using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:451-459. [PMID: 28683397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A stable method, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to simultaneously determine six aldehyde-DNA adducts was developed and applied to the analysis of human salivary DNA samples. The detection limit of these six DNA adducts was in the range of 0.006-0.014ng/mL and that of the quantification limit was 0.017-0.026ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision of all aldehyde-DNA adducts was <10%. The analysis was completed within 25min. Additionally, a noninvasive technique was used to collect the DNA samples from human saliva. The new method was successfully applied for the analysis of salivary DNA of nonsmokers and smokers. Five aldehyde-DNA adducts were detected in both smoker and nonsmoker salivary DNA, while α-Acr-dG was not detected in all the samples. Among these detected DNA adducts, no significant differences were found between smoker and nonsmoker (p>0.05). This may due to the individual detoxifying differences or environmental and endogenous exposure. Our study provides a rapid and selective method to simultaneously detect six aldehyde-DNA adducts and to assess potential DNA damage induced by aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lujuan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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286
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Justino AB, Teixeira RR, Peixoto LG, Jaramillo OLB, Espindola FS. Effect of saliva collection methods and oral hygiene on salivary biomarkers. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2017; 77:415-422. [PMID: 28613965 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1334261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of unstimulated and stimulated saliva collection methods, as well as tooth brushing, on the secretion rate of salivary total protein, nitrite, total antioxidant capacity and alpha-amylase. Saliva of 14 healthy individuals were collected with stimulation using Salivette®, Parafilm® and chewing gum and without stimulation from spit with and without fluid accumulation, before and after oral hygiene. Total protein, nitrite, total antioxidant capacity and alpha-amylase concentration (sAA) were evaluated. The collection of saliva stimulated with Parafilm® and chewing gum increased the salivary flow (1.5 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.7 mL/min, respectively) and the secretion rate of salivary total protein (1.0 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 0.5 mg/min, respectively). Also, chewing gum increases the salivary nitrite secretion (213 ± 58 nmol/min) and total antioxidant capacity (410 ± 47 nmol trolox eq/min). Interestingly, the unstimulated method without saliva accumulation prior to collection resulted in low sAA levels (23,531 ± 7979 pixel density). Furthermore, oral hygiene decreased salivary flow (1.3 ± 0.5 to 1.0 ± 0.4 mL/min), reduced the secretion rate of total protein (1.0 ± 0.5 to 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/min, p < .05) and increased sAA (13,159 ± 7114 to 20,075 ± 25,656 pixel density, p < .05). The type of stimulation can activate autonomous receptors responsible for the secretion and composition of saliva. Therefore, the evaluation of saliva collection methods and oral hygiene on salivary biomarkers is important for understanding and standardizing variations in salivary composition to strengthen the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Benatti Justino
- a Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | - Renata Roland Teixeira
- a Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes Peixoto
- a Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
| | | | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- a Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlândia , MG , Brazil
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287
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Barranco T, Rubio M, Carrillo JM, Martinez-Subiela S, Tecles F, Carrillo JD, Cerón JJ. Measurement of Creatine kinase and Aspartate aminotransferase in saliva of dogs: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:168. [PMID: 28599668 PMCID: PMC5466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle enzymes in saliva have been reported to be possible markers of heart and muscle damage in humans. The aim of this study was to assess if Creatine kinase (CK) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities could be measured in canine saliva, and to evaluate their possible changes in situations of muscle damage. Results The spectrophotometric assays for CK and AST measurement in saliva of dogs showed intra- and inter-assay imprecision lower than 1 and 16% and coefficients of correlation close to 1 in linearity under dilution tests. Healthy dogs showed activities in saliva of CK between 27 and 121 U/L and AST between 46 and 144 U/L, whereas in saliva of dogs with muscle damage CK ranged between 132 and 3862 U/L and AST between 154 and 4340 U/L. Positive moderate correlations were found between saliva and serum activities of the two enzymes (CK, r = 0.579; P = 0.001; AST, r = 0.674; P = 0.001). Conclusions CK and AST activities can be measured in canine saliva with commercially available spectrophotometric assays. In addition these enzymes show higher values in saliva of dogs with muscle damage and their values are moderately correlated with those of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomas Barranco
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Monica Rubio
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative 3 Surgery, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Carrillo
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU-UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative 3 Surgery, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana Dolores Carrillo
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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288
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Du J, Zhang L. Analysis of salivary microRNA expression profiles and identification of novel biomarkers in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1387-1394. [PMID: 28789354 PMCID: PMC5529882 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) regulate the expression of target genes and are considered to be associated with human cancer. The aim of the present study was to screen novel miRNA biomarkers in esophageal cancer (EC). The miRNA expression profile GSE41268 was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed miRNAs between whole saliva samples from patients with EC and healthy controls were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package. Then, the targets of these miRNAs were screened using the miRecords database and used to construct the regulatory network. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs to predict their potential functions. A total of 18 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in saliva samples from patients with EC, and 43 validated target genes corresponding to 7 upregulated miRNAs were identified. Then, 6 miRNAs (miR-144, miR-451, miR-98, miR-10b, miR-486-5p and miR-363) and their target genes were used to construct a regulatory network. Within the network, miR-144 may target Notch homolog 1, fibrinogen α chain and fibrinogen β chain; miR-451 may regulate murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 and MMP2; miR-98 may directly target E2F transcription factor (E2F) 1, E2F2 and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC); miR-10b may modulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and Kruppel-like factor 4; miR-485-5p and miR-363 may regulate TNF receptor superfamily member 5 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. In addition, E2F1, E2F2 and MYC were associated with the cell cycle, which was the most significantly enriched function and pathway in EC. The results of the present study suggested that miR-144, miR-451, miR-98, miR-10b and miR-363 may be involved in EC by regulating their target genes, and may be used as biomarkers for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Medical University Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Medical University Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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289
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Redhuan NEM, Chin KL, Adnan AS, Ismail A, Balaram P, Phua KK. Salivary Anti-50 kDa Antibodies as a Useful Biomarker for Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC10-DC13. [PMID: 28764158 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21928.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Typhoid fever remains a scourge of humanity, especially in developing and under-developed countries due to poor sanitation and food hygiene. Diagnostic methods available for detection of this disease are not satisfactory due to a lack of sensitive, specific, rapid and convenient diagnostic test kits available in the market. AIM To evaluate the feasibility of a Dot-EIA method for Ig-class specific salivary antibody detection for diagnosis of typhoid fever. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paired saliva and serum samples were collected in the year 2010 from patients and normal volunteers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, which is endemic for typhoid fever. A total of 11 culture-confirmed typhoid fever patients, 43 non-typhoid fever patients and 53 normal human control subjects were evaluated for antibodies against a 50 kDa antigen specific for Salmonella Typhi using Dot-EIA. RESULTS Ig class-specific screening of the test samples showed a higher sensitivity for IgA (90.9%) compared to either IgG (72.7%) or IgM (72.7%) antibodies in saliva, but for serum, IgG (90.9%) had a higher degree of sensitivity compared to IgA (36.4%) and IgM (63.6%). Combining all isotypes (IgA, IgG or IgM), serum showed a higher sensitivity (100.0%) compared to saliva (90.9%). Also, the specificity for serum (100.0%) was much higher than saliva (85.4%). CONCLUSION Salivary IgA anti-50kDa antibody was found to be more suitable biomarker for routine screening, whereas serum IgG was more suitable for confirmatory test as it has higher specificity. Nevertheless, salivary IgA Dot-EIA is a convenient method for rapid testing, such as for Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POCD) and field epidemiological studies, due to its non-invasive nature and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Ling Chin
- PhD Student, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Azreen Syazril Adnan
- Lecturer, Chronic Kidney Disease Resource Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Asma Ismail
- Former Professor, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Prabha Balaram
- Former Professor, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kia Kien Phua
- Professor, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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290
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Hassona Y, Scully C. Salivary changes in oral mucosal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2017; 70:111-27. [PMID: 26662486 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a unique biological fluid that can be easily collected and analyzed with low cost and low morbidity. Therefore, there is a growing attention for using salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Salivary changes have been described in relation to oral mucosal diseases. This article discusses the causes and consequences of salivary hypofunction and presents a review of the literature related to changes in salivary parameters in various oral mucosal diseases and in systemic diseases with possible oral mucosal involvement.
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291
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Idkaidek N, Arafat T, Hamadi H, Hamadi S, Al-Adham I. Saliva Versus Plasma Bioequivalence of Azithromycin in Humans: Validation of Class I Drugs of the Salivary Excretion Classification System. Drugs R D 2017; 17:219-224. [PMID: 28074334 PMCID: PMC5318338 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-016-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare human pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence metrics in saliva versus plasma for azithromycin as a model class I drug of the Salivary Excretion Classification System (SECS). Methods A pilot, open-label, two-way crossover bioequivalence study was done, and involved a single 500-mg oral dose of azithromycin given to eight healthy subjects under fasting conditions, followed by a 3-week washout period. Blood and unstimulated saliva samples were collected over 72 h and deep frozen until analysis by a validated liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy method. The pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence metrics of azithromycin were calculated by non-compartment analysis using WinNonlin V5.2. Descriptive statistics and dimensional analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin were performed using Microsoft Excel. PK-Sim V5.6 was used to estimate the effective intestinal permeability of azithromycin. Results and Discussion No statistical differences were shown in area under the concentration curves to 72 h (AUC0–72), maximum measured concentration (Cmax) and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) between test and reference azithromycin products (P > 0.05) in the saliva matrix and in the plasma matrix. Due to the high intra-subject variability and low sample size of this pilot study, the 90% confidence intervals of AUC0–72 and Cmax did not fall within the acceptance range (80–125%). However, saliva levels were higher than that of plasma, with a longer salivary Tmax. The mean saliva/plasma concentration of test and reference were 2.29 and 2.33, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation ratios of saliva/plasma of AUC0–72, Cmax and Tmax for test were 2.65 ± 1.59, 1.51 ± 0.49 and 1.85 ± 1.4, while for the reference product they were 3.37 ± 2.20, 1.57 ± 0.77 and 2.6 ± 1.27, respectively. A good correlation of R = 0.87 between plasma and saliva concentrations for both test and reference products was also observed. Azithromycin is considered a class I drug based on the SECS, since it has a high permeability and high fraction unbound, and saliva sampling could be used as an alternative to plasma sampling to characterize its pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence in humans when adequate sample size is used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawfiq Arafat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hazim Hamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salim Hamadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, Amman, Jordan
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Detection of AMA-M2 in human saliva: Potentials in diagnosis and monitoring of primary biliary cholangitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:796. [PMID: 28400582 PMCID: PMC5429755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2 (AMA-M2) is considered as a pivotal biomarker for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, serological tests have many limitations, including inconvenience, invasiveness, and infection risks. Thus, a less invasive approach to detect AMA-M2 titer is desirable. We examined salivary AMA-M2 of potential PBC patients and found that AMA-M2 could be detected only in saliva of serum AMA-M2-positive PBC patients, but not in saliva of serum AMA-M2-negative PBC patients, oral lichen planus patients (OLP) patients, or healthy controls. Furthermore, the concentration of salivary AMA-M2 was positively correlated with the amount of serum AMA-M2 in patients. The salivary inflammatory cytokines were increased in the PBC, consistent with the results of serum test. These findings indicated that saliva might be a less invasive and cost-effective medium to accurately test for AMA-M2 levels and this is a promising development for the diagnosis and monitoring of PBC.
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295
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Qin Y, Zhong Y, Ma T, Zhang J, Yang G, Guan F, Li Z, Li B. A pilot study of salivary N-glycome in HBV-induced chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:523-535. [PMID: 28389847 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to chronic liver disease and put people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. However, little is known about the correlation of salivary N-linked glycans related to HBV-infected liver diseases. Here we investigated N-linked glycome in saliva from 200 subjects (50 healthy volunteers (HV), 40 HBV-infected patients (HB), 50 cirrhosis patients (HC), and 60 hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC) using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Representative MS spectra of N-glycans with signal-to-noise ratios >6 were annotated using the GlycoWorkbench program. A total of 40, 47, 29, and 33 N-glycan peaks were identified and annotated from HV, HB, HC, and HCC groups, respectively. There were 15 N-glycan peaks (e.g., m/z 1647.587, 1688.613 and 2101.755) were present in all groups. Three N-glycan peaks (m/z 2596.925, 2756.962, and 2921.031) were unique in HV group, 2 N-glycan peaks (m/z 1898.676 and 1971.692) were unique in HB group, 5 N-glycan peaks (m/z 1954.677, 2507.914, 2580.930, 2637.952, and 3092.120) were unique in HC group, and 3 N-glycan peaks (m/z 2240.830, 2507.914, and 3931.338) were unique in HCC group. The proportion of fucosylated N-glycans was apparently increased in the HCC group (84.8%) than in any other group (73.1% ± 0.01), however, the proportion of sialylated N-glycans was decreased in HCC group (12.1%) than in any other group (17.23% ± 0.003). Our data provide pivotal information to distinguish between HBV-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC, and facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for HCC during its early stages based on precise alterations of N-linked glycans in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 277 Yanta Xilu, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tianran Ma
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai Beilu, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Baozhen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 277 Yanta Xilu, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Dekker RL, Lennie TA, Moser DK, Miller CS, Ebersole JL, Chung ML, Campbell CL, Bailey A, Tovar EG. Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Inflammation, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:153-161. [PMID: 27605566 PMCID: PMC5942485 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416665197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe correlations and agreement between salivary and serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 and determine which biomarkers predict worse functional class in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Serum and saliva were collected from 75 hospitalized patients with HF (57 ± 12 years, 43% female, New York Heart Association [NYHA] Classes I [4%], II [43%], and III [53%]). Oral inflammation was rated as good, fair, or poor. Spearman's ρ and Bland-Altman were used to determine correlations and agreement of the salivary and serum forms of each biomarker. Logistic regressions were used to determine which biomarkers predicted worse NYHA functional class, controlling for depression, body mass index, smoking, and oral inflammation. RESULTS Median biomarker concentrations were as follows: BNP (serum 361 pg/ml, saliva 9 pg/ml), CRP (serum 13 ng/ml, saliva 25.6 ng/ml), IL-6 (serum 19.3 pg/ml, saliva 10.5 pg/ml), and IL-10 (serum 64.1 pg/ml, saliva 4.7 pg/ml). There was a moderate-to-strong correlation for serum-salivary CRP, weak correlation for serum-salivary IL-6, and no correlations for serum-salivary BNP and IL-10. The Bland-Altman test showed good salivary-serum agreement for all biomarkers, but as serum concentrations rose, salivary measures underestimated serum levels. Visible oral inflammation was the only predictor of worse NYHA class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry A. Lennie
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Debra K. Moser
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig S. Miller
- University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Misook L. Chung
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles L. Campbell
- University of Tennessee/Erlanger Health Systems in Chattanooga Division of Cardiology, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Alison Bailey
- University of Tennessee/Erlanger Health Systems in Chattanooga Division of Cardiology, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Idris FP, Wan Y, Zhang X, Punyadeera C. Within-Day Baseline Variation in Salivary Biomarkers in Healthy Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:74-80. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firman Prathama Idris
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yunxia Wan
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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298
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Gutiérrez-Corrales A, Campano-Cuevas E, Castillo-Dalí G, Serrera-Figallo MÁ, Torres-Lagares D, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL. Relationship between salivary biomarkers and postoperative swelling after the extraction of impacted lower third molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:243-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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299
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Gajda A, Jablonski A, Bladek T, Posyniak A. Oral Fluid as a Biological Material for Antemortem Detection of Oxytetracycline in Pigs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:494-500. [PMID: 28042939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residues in pig tissues requires a search for new methods for their antemortem detection. To find an alternative for postmortem pig carcass analysis, an oral fluid was tested. To prove the suitability of oral fluid for the detection of antibiotics administered by injection, oxytetracycline was chosen. Research was conducted on two groups of animals: group 1, 100% treated; and group 2, 50% treated and 50% untreated. Oxytetracycline was assayed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The antibiotic was detectable 2 h post administration in group 1 and group 2 at the concentrations of 10653 ± 1421 μg/kg and 7457 ± 1145 μg/kg, respectively. At withdrawal period (21st day), oxytetracycline concentrations in oral fluid (30.8 ± 9.4 μg/kg in group 1 and 11.6 ± 5.6 μg/kg in group 2) were similar to those determined in muscle (34.5 ± 8.2 μg/kg). The concentrations of oxytetracycline in liver and kidney were 76.8 ± 22 μg/kg and 204 ± 49 μg/kg, respectively. The results of this study indicate that oral fluid analysis can be used for antemortem oxytetracycline detection in pigs, even if the half of animals in one pen are treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Artur Jablonski
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute , Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bladek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute , Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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300
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Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Saliva – Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:251-266. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1266925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Milanowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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