251
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Zhang P, Chen YP, Wang W, Shen Y, Guo JS. Surface plasmon resonance for water pollutant detection and water process analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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252
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Barai P, Kumar A, Mukherjee PP. Modeling of Mesoscale Variability in Biofilm Shear Behavior. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165593. [PMID: 27806068 PMCID: PMC5091762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of bacterial colonies as biofilm on the surface/interface of various objects has the potential to impact not only human health and disease but also energy and environmental considerations. Biofilms can be regarded as soft materials, and comprehension of their shear response to external forces is a key element to the fundamental understanding. A mesoscale model has been presented in this article based on digitization of a biofilm microstructure. Its response under externally applied shear load is analyzed. Strain stiffening type behavior is readily observed under high strain loads due to the unfolding of chains within soft polymeric substrate. Sustained shear loading of the biofilm network results in strain localization along the diagonal direction. Rupture of the soft polymeric matrix can potentially reduce the intercellular interaction between the bacterial cells. Evolution of stiffness within the biofilm network under shear reveals two regimes: a) initial increase in stiffness due to strain stiffening of polymer matrix, and b) eventual reduction in stiffness because of tear in polymeric substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Barai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aloke Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (PPM); (AK)
| | - Partha P. Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PPM); (AK)
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253
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García S, Trueba A, Vega LM, Madariaga E. Impact of the surface roughness of AISI 316L stainless steel on biofilm adhesion in a seawater-cooled tubular heat exchanger-condenser. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1185-1193. [PMID: 27744709 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1241875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated biofilm growth in AISI 316L stainless steel tubes for seawater-cooled exchanger-condensers that had four different arithmetic mean surface roughness values ranging from 0.14 μm to 1.2 μm. The results of fluid frictional resistance and heat transfer resistance regarding biofilm formation in the roughest surface showed increases of 28.2% and 19.1% respectively, compared with the smoothest surface. The biofilm thickness taken at the end of the experiment showed variations of up to 74% between the smoothest and roughest surfaces. The thermal efficiency of the heat transfer process in the tube with the roughest surface was 17.4% greater than that in the tube with the smoothest surface. The results suggest that the finish of the inner surfaces of the tubes in heat exchanger-condensers is critical for improving energy efficiency and avoiding biofilm adhesion. This may be utilised to reduce biofilm adhesion and growth in the design of heat exchanger-condensers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio García
- a Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Ship Construction , University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
| | - Alfredo Trueba
- a Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Ship Construction , University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
| | - Luis M Vega
- a Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Ship Construction , University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
| | - Ernesto Madariaga
- a Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Ship Construction , University of Cantabria , Santander , Spain
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254
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Greener J, Parvinzadeh Gashti M, Eslami A, Zarabadi MP, Taghavi SM. A microfluidic method and custom model for continuous, non-intrusive biofilm viscosity measurements under different nutrient conditions. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064107. [PMID: 27965730 PMCID: PMC5116028 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Straight, low-aspect ratio micro flow cells are used to support biofilm attachment and preferential accumulation at the short side-wall, which progressively reduces the effective channel width. The biofilm shifts downstream at measurable velocities under the imposed force from the constant laminar co-flowing nutrient stream. The dynamic behaviour of the biofilm viscosity is modeled semi-analytically, based on experimental measurements of biofilm dimensions and velocity as inputs. The technique advances the study of biofilm mechanical properties by strongly limiting biases related to non-Newtonian biofilm properties (e.g., shear dependent viscosity) with excellent time resolution. To demonstrate the proof of principle, young Pseudomonas sp. biofilms were analyzed under different nutrient concentrations and constant micro-flow conditions. The striking results show that large initial differences in biofilm viscosities grown under different nutrient concentrations become nearly identical in less than one day, followed by a continuous thickening process. The technique verifies that in 50 h from inoculation to early maturation stages, biofilm viscosity could grow by over 2 orders of magnitude. The approach opens the way for detailed studies of mechanical properties under a wide variety of physiochemical conditions, such as ionic strength, temperature, and shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Greener
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval , 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M Parvinzadeh Gashti
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval , 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Eslami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval , Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M P Zarabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval , 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - S M Taghavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval , Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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255
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Giongo JL, de Almeida Vaucher R, Fausto VP, Quatrin PM, Lopes LQS, Santos RCV, Gündel A, Gomes P, Steppe M. Anti- Candida activity assessment of Pelargonium graveolens oil free and nanoemulsion in biofilm formation in hospital medical supplies. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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256
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Wang LS, Gupta A, Duncan B, Ramanathan R, Yazdani M, Rotello VM. Biocidal and Antifouling Chlorinated Protein Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1862-1866. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sheng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Akash Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Bradley Duncan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility and NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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257
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Abstract
Candida albicans, the most pervasive fungal pathogen that colonizes humans, forms biofilms that are architecturally complex. They consist of a basal yeast cell polylayer and an upper region of hyphae encapsulated in extracellular matrix. However, biofilms formed in vitro vary as a result of the different conditions employed in models, the methods used to assess biofilm formation, strain differences, and, in a most dramatic fashion, the configuration of the mating type locus (MTL). Therefore, integrating data from different studies can lead to problems of interpretation if such variability is not taken into account. Here we review the conditions and factors that cause biofilm variation, with the goal of engendering awareness that more attention must be paid to the strains employed, the methods used to assess biofilm development, every aspect of the model employed, and the configuration of the MTL locus. We end by posing a set of questions that may be asked in comparing the results of different studies and developing protocols for new ones. This review should engender the notion that not all biofilms are created equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Karla J Daniels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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258
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Barbosa J, Cuppini M, Flach J, Steffens C, Cansian RL, Toniazzo G. Removal of Escherichia coli in boning knives with different sanitizers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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259
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Susarrey-Arce A, Marin A, Massey A, Oknianska A, Díaz-Fernandez Y, Hernández-Sánchez JF, Griffiths E, Gardeniers JGE, Snoeijer JH, Lohse D, Raval R. Pattern Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis via Droplet Evaporation on Micropillars Arrays at a Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7159-69. [PMID: 27341165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the effect of epoxy surface structuring on the evaporation of water droplets containing Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). During evaporation, droplets with S. epidermidis cells yield to complex wetting patterns such as the zipping-wetting1-3 and the coffee-stain effects. Depending on the height of the microstructure, the wetting fronts propagate circularly or in a stepwise manner, leading to the formation of octagonal or square-shaped deposition patterns.4,5 We observed that the shape of the dried droplets has considerable influence on the local spatial distribution of S. epidermidis deposited between micropillars. These changes are attributed to an unexplored interplay between the zipping-wetting1 and the coffee-stain6 effects in polygonally shaped droplets containing S. epidermidis. Induced capillary flows during evaporation of S. epidermidis are modeled with polystyrene particles. Bacterial viability measurements for S. epidermidis show high viability of planktonic cells, but low biomass deposition on the microstructured surfaces. Our findings provide insights into design criteria for the development of microstructured surfaces on which bacterial propagation could be controlled, limiting the use of biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susarrey-Arce
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Marin
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Bundeswehr University Munich , 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - A Massey
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Oknianska
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Y Díaz-Fernandez
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J F Hernández-Sánchez
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E Griffiths
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J H Snoeijer
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Mesoscopic Transport Phenomena, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R Raval
- Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom
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260
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Gu H, Chen A, Song X, Brasch ME, Henderson JH, Ren D. How Escherichia coli lands and forms cell clusters on a surface: a new role of surface topography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29516. [PMID: 27412365 PMCID: PMC4944170 DOI: 10.1038/srep29516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial response to surface topography during biofilm formation was studied using 5 μm tall line patterns of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Escherichia coli cells attached on top of protruding line patterns were found to align more perpendicularly to the orientation of line patterns when the pattern narrowed. Consistently, cell cluster formation per unit area on 5 μm wide line patterns was reduced by 14-fold compared to flat PDMS. Contrasting the reduced colony formation, cells attached on narrow patterns were longer and had higher transcriptional activities, suggesting that such unfavorable topography may present a stress to attached cells. Results of mutant studies indicate that flagellar motility is involved in the observed preference in cell orientation on narrow patterns, which was corroborated by the changes in cell rotation pattern before settling on different surface topographies. These findings led to a set of new design principles for creating antifouling topographies, which was validated using 10 μm tall hexagonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Aaron Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Xinran Song
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Megan E Brasch
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.,Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States
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261
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Walker TJ, Toriumi DM. Analysis of Facial Implants for Bacterial Biofilm Formation Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2016; 18:299-304. [DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2016.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Walker
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago
- currently in private practice, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dean M. Toriumi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago
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262
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The Mechanical Analysis of the Biofilm Streamer Nucleation and Geometry Characterization in Microfluidic Channels. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7819403. [PMID: 27313658 PMCID: PMC4904103 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7819403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can form biofilm streamers in microfluidic channels with various geometries. Experiments show that the streamer geometry, such as its shape or thickness, depends on the fluid velocity and the geometry and curvature of the microfluidic channel. In the paper, a mechanical analysis of the flow field is made in different channels, which shows that the secondary flow in the channel is the reason for streamer nucleation and that the shear stress distribution decides the streamer geometry including shape and thickness. Through a finite elements simulation, we obtain the secondary flow forming positions in both static and rotating channels: positions that are the location of nucleation of the streamer. Thick or wide biofilm streamers occur at the points of minimum shear stress in static channels. Furthermore, in rotating channels, spiral-like streamers form, due to the helical shape of the minimum shear stress distribution. The findings may allow the prevention of biofilm formation and also the removal of bacteria adhered onto certain surfaces in channels with small cross sections. The analysis also indicates how one can obtain desirable biofilm streamers by control of the channel geometry and the loading conditions.
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263
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Hansen RH, Timm AC, Timm CM, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Pelletier DA, Simpson ML, Doktycz MJ, Retterer ST. Stochastic Assembly of Bacteria in Microwell Arrays Reveals the Importance of Confinement in Community Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155080. [PMID: 27152511 PMCID: PMC4859483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of microbial communities is deeply influenced by the physical and chemical architecture of the local microenvironment and the abundance of its community members. The complexity of this natural parameter space has made characterization of the key drivers of community development difficult. In order to facilitate these characterizations, we have developed a microwell platform designed to screen microbial growth and interactions across a wide variety of physical and initial conditions. Assembly of microbial communities into microwells was achieved using a novel biofabrication method that exploits well feature sizes for control of innoculum levels. Wells with incrementally smaller size features created populations with increasingly larger variations in inoculum levels. This allowed for reproducible growth measurement in large (20 μm diameter) wells, and screening for favorable growth conditions in small (5, 10 μm diameter) wells. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for screening and discovery using 5 μm wells to assemble P. aeruginosa colonies across a broad distribution of innoculum levels, and identify those conditions that promote the highest probability of survivial and growth under spatial confinement. Multi-member community assembly was also characterized to demonstrate the broad potential of this platform for studying the role of member abundance on microbial competition, mutualism and community succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Hansen
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America.,The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrea C Timm
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Collin M Timm
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Amber N Bible
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Morrell-Falvey
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael L Simpson
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott T Retterer
- The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
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264
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Terms of endearment: Bacteria meet graphene nanosurfaces. Biomaterials 2016; 89:38-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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265
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Marques DS, Santos JMC, Ferreira P, Correia TR, Correia IJ, Gil MH, Baptista CMSG. Functionalization and photocuring of an L-lactic acid macromer for biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1129962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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266
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Wan J, Liu X, Wu C, Wu Y. Nutrient capture and recycling by periphyton attached to modified agrowaste carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8035-8043. [PMID: 26780044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of periphytic biofilm from traditional wastewater treatment (i.e., active sludge process) is inefficient to recycle nutrients due to low accumulation of nutrients. Then, in this study, peanut shell (PS), rice husk (RH), decomposed peanut shell (DPS), acidified rice husks (ARH), and a commonly used carrier-ceramsite (C, as the control)-were used to support the growth of periphyton. Results showed that DPS and ARH supported significantly higher periphyton biomass and metabolic versatility than PS and RH, respectively, due to the increased presence of positive groups. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) captured by periphyton were enhanced by 600-657 and 833-3255 % for DPS, and 461-1808 and 21-308 % for ARH, respectively. The removal of nutrients from simulated eutrophic surface waters using periphyton attached to DPS was improved by 24-47 % for TP, 12-048 % for TN, and 15-78 % for nitrate compared to the control. The results indicate that the periphyton attached to modified agrowaste was capable of efficiently entrapping and storing N and P from eutrophic water. This study also implies that the mixture of periphyton and the modified agrowaste carriers are promising raw materials of biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Civil Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, 808 Shuang Gang East Road, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, 808 Shuang Gang East Road, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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267
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Zhang Z, Christopher G. Effect of Particulate Contaminants on the Development of Biofilms at Air/Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2724-30. [PMID: 26943272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of biofilms at air/water or oil/water interfaces has important ramifications on several applications, but it has received less attention than biofilm formation on solid surfaces. A key difference between the growth of biofilms on solid surfaces versus liquid interfaces is the range of complicated boundary conditions the liquid interface can create that may affect bacteria, as they adsorb onto and grow on the interface. This situation is exacerbated by the existence of complex interfaces in which interfacially adsorbed components can even more greatly affect interfacial boundary conditions. In this work, we present evidence as to how particle-laden interfaces impact biofilm growth at an air/water interface. We find that particles can enhance the rate of growth and final strength of biofilms at liquid interfaces by providing sites of increased adhesive strength for bacteria. The increased adhesion stems from creating localized areas of hydrophobicity that protrude in the water phase and provide sites where bacteria preferentially adhere. This mechanism is found to be primarily controlled by particle composition, with particle size providing a secondary effect. This increased adhesion through interfacial conditions creates biofilms with properties similar to those observed when adhesion is increased through biological means. Because of the generally understood ubiquity of increased bacteria attachment to hydrophobic surfaces, this result has general applicability to pellicle formation for many pellicle-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1035, United States
| | - Gordon Christopher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409-1035, United States
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268
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Wu S, Zuber F, Brugger J, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q. Antibacterial Au nanostructured surfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2620-5. [PMID: 26648134 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present here a technological platform for engineering Au nanotopographies by templated electrodeposition on antibacterial surfaces. Three different types of nanostructures were fabricated: nanopillars, nanorings and nanonuggets. The nanopillars are the basic structures and are 50 nm in diameter and 100 nm in height. Particular arrangement of the nanopillars in various geometries formed nanorings and nanonuggets. Flat surfaces, rough substrate surfaces, and various nanostructured surfaces were compared for their abilities to attach and kill bacterial cells. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterial strain responsible for many infections in health care system, was used as the model bacterial strain. It was found that all the Au nanostructures, regardless their shapes, exhibited similar excellent antibacterial properties. A comparison of live cells attached to nanotopographic surfaces showed that the number of live S. aureus cells was <1% of that from flat and rough reference surfaces. Our micro/nanofabrication process is a scalable approach based on cost-efficient self-organization and provides potential for further developing functional surfaces to study the behavior of microbes on nanoscale topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Wu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China. and Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Zuber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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269
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Wan J, Liu X, Kerr PG, Wu C, Wu Y. Comparison of the properties of periphyton attached to modified agro-waste carriers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3718-3726. [PMID: 26498807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Periphyton is a valuable, environmentally benign resource widely used in environmental remediation. A protocol for reusing agro-wastes to improve the metabolic activity and versatility of periphyton was tested in this study. Peanut shell (PS), decomposed peanut shell (DPS), acidified peanut shell (APS), rice husks (RHs), acidified rice husks (ARHs), and a commonly used synthetic carrier, ceramsite (C), were used to support periphyton attachment and growth. The results show that the modified carriers have more hydrophilic groups, higher periphyton biomass, and autotrophic indices than the unmodified carriers. As a consequence, they promote the metabolic versatility of periphyton microbial communities. Thus, the periphyton attached to modified agro-wastes (DPS, APS, and ARH) grew in a stable and sustainable manner. This study suggests that modified PS and RH are effective and environmentally benign carriers that enhance periphyton activity and functionality. Development of periphytic carriers using agro-wastes is also a sustainable method of reusing these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wan
- School of Civil Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, 808, Shuang Gang East Road, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, 808, Shuang Gang East Road, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Philip G Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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270
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Xu LQ, Pranantyo D, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Teo SLM, Fu GD. Antifouling coatings based on covalently cross-linked agarose film via thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:65-73. [PMID: 26836479 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coatings based on thin films of agarose-poly(ethylene glycol) (Agr-PEG) cross-linked systems are developed as environmentally-friendly and fouling-resistant marine coatings. The Agr-PEG cross-linked systems were prepared via thermal azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) using azido-functionalized Agr (AgrAz) and activated alkynyl-containing poly(2-propiolamidoethyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) P(PEMA-co-PEGMEMA) random copolymers as the precursors. The Agr-PEG cross-linked systems were further deposited onto a SS surface, pre-functionalized with an alkynyl-containing biomimetic anchor, dopamine propiolamide, to form a thin film after thermal treatment. The thin film-coated SS surfaces can effectively reduce the adhesion of marine algae and the settlement of barnacle cyprids. Upon covalent cross-linking, the covalently cross-linked Agr-PEG films coated SS surfaces exhibit good stability in flowing artificial seawater, and enhanced resistance to the settlement of barnacle cyprids, in comparison to that of the surfaces coated with physically cross-linked AgrAz films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qun Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119223, Singapore.
| | - Guo Dong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, PR China
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271
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Joseph R, Naugolny A, Feldman M, Herzog IM, Fridman M, Cohen Y. Cationic Pillararenes Potently Inhibit Biofilm Formation without Affecting Bacterial Growth and Viability. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:754-7. [PMID: 26745311 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 80% of bacterial infections are accompanied by biofilm formation. Since bacteria in biofilms are less susceptible to antibiotics than are bacteria in the planktonic state, biofilm-associated infections pose a major health threat, and there is a pressing need for antibiofilm agents. Here we report that water-soluble cationic pillararenes differing in the quaternary ammonium groups efficiently inhibited the formation of biofilms by clinically important Gram-positive pathogens. Biofilm inhibition did not result from antimicrobial activity; thus, the compounds should not inhibit growth of natural bacterial flora. Moreover, none of the cationic pillararenes caused detectable membrane damage to red blood cells or toxicity to human cells in culture. The results indicate that cationic pillararenes have potential for use in medical applications in which biofilm formation is a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roymon Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alissa Naugolny
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido M Herzog
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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272
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Biofilm formation mechanisms and targets for developing antibiofilm agents. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:493-512. [PMID: 25875875 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are attached to a surface and play a significant role in the persistence of bacterial infections. Bacteria within a biofilm are several orders of magnitude more resistant to antibiotics, compared with planktonic bacteria. Thus far, no drugs are in clinical use that specifically target bacterial biofilms. This is probably because until recently the molecular details of biofilm formation were poorly understood. Bacteria integrate information from the environment, such as quorum-sensing autoinducers and nutrients, into appropriate biofilm-related gene expression, and the identity of the key players, such as cyclic dinucleotide second messengers and regulatory RNAs are beginning to be uncovered. Herein, we highlight the current understanding of the processes that lead to biofilm formation in many bacteria.
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273
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Microbiological Diagnosis of Implant-Related Infections: Scientific Evidence and Cost/Benefit Analysis of Routine Antibiofilm Processing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 971:51-67. [PMID: 27815925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection is one of the most severe complication following joint arthroplasty, producing a significant worsening of patient's quality of life. Management of PJIs requires extended courses of antimicrobial therapy, multiple surgical interventions and prolonged hospital stay, with a consequent economic burden, which is thought to markedly increase in the next years due to the expected burden in total joint arthroplasties. The present review summarizes the present knowledge on microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections, focusing on aethiological agents and discussing pros and cons of the available strategies for their diagnosis.Intra-operative clinical diagnosis and pathogen identification is considered the diagnostic benchmark, however the presence of bacterial biofilm makes pathogen detection with traditional microbiological techniques highly ineffective. Diagnosis of PJIs is a rather complex challenge for orthopedics and requires a strict collaboration between different specialists: orthopaedics, infectivologists, microbiologists, pathologists and radiologists. Diagnostic criteria have been described by national and international association and scientific societies. Clinicians should be trained on how to use it, but more importantly they should know potential and limitation of the available tests in order to use them appropriately.
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274
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Xu LQ, Pranantyo D, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Teo SLM, Fu GD. Synthesis of catechol and zwitterion-bifunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) for the construction of antifouling surfaces. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Versatile antifouling coatings from catechol and zwitterion-bifunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qun Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 119223
- Singapore
| | - Guo Dong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Jiangsu Province
- 211189 P.R. China
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275
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Wang X, Hao M, Wang G. Numerical simulation of wrinkle morphology formation and the evolution of different Bacillus subtilis biofilms. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:527-534. [PMID: 26877034 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkle morphology is a distinctive phenomenon observed in mature biofilms that are produced by a great number of bacteria. The wrinkle pattern depends on the mechanical properties of the agar substrate and the biofilm itself, governed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we study the macroscopic structures and the evolution of Bacillus subtilis biofilm wrinkles using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. A mechanical model and simulation are set up to analyze and evaluate bacteria biofilm's wrinkle characteristics. We uncover the wrinkle formation mechanism and enumerate the quantitative relationship between wrinkle structure and mechanical properties of biofilm and its substrate. Our work can be used to modify the wrinkle pattern and control the biofilm size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China E-mail: ; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mudong Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China E-mail:
| | - Guoqing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China E-mail:
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276
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Joseph R, Kaizerman D, Herzog IM, Hadar M, Feldman M, Fridman M, Cohen Y. Phosphonium pillar[5]arenes as a new class of efficient biofilm inhibitors: importance of charge cooperativity and the pillar platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10656-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of biofilm formation (MBIC50 = 0.67–1.66 μM) by pillar[5]arene congugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roymon Joseph
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Dana Kaizerman
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Ido M. Herzog
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Maya Hadar
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
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277
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278
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Roy CK, Guo HL, Sun TL, Ihsan AB, Kurokawa T, Takahata M, Nonoyama T, Nakajima T, Gong JP. Self-Adjustable Adhesion of Polyampholyte Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7344-7348. [PMID: 26459267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing nonspecific, fast, and strong adhesives that can glue hydrogels and biotissues substantially promotes the application of hydrogels as biomaterials. Inspired by the ubiquitous adhesiveness of bacteria, it is reported that neutral polyampholyte hydrogels, through their self-adjustable surface, can show rapid, strong, and reversible adhesion to charged hydrogels and biological tissues through the Coulombic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Kumar Roy
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hong Lei Guo
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Abu Bin Ihsan
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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279
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Cancienne JM, Burrus MT, Weiss DB, Yarboro SR. Applications of Local Antibiotics in Orthopedic Trauma. Orthop Clin North Am 2015; 46:495-510. [PMID: 26410638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Local antibiotics have a role in orthopedic trauma for both infection prophylaxis and treatment. They provide the advantage of high local antibiotic concentration without excessive systemic levels. Nonabsorbable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a popular antibiotic carrier, but absorbable options including bone graft, bone graft substitutes, and polymers have gained acceptance. Simple aqueous antibiotic solutions continue to be investigated and appear to be clinically effective. For established infections, such as osteomyelitis, a combination of surgical debridement with local and systemic antibiotics seems to represent the most effective treatment at this time. Further investigation of more effective local antibiotic utilization is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan M Cancienne
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159, USA
| | - M Tyrrell Burrus
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159, USA
| | - David B Weiss
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159, USA
| | - Seth R Yarboro
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159, USA.
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280
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You G, Hou J, Xu Y, Wang C, Wang P, Miao L, Ao Y, Li Y, Lv B. Effects of CeO₂ nanoparticles on production and physicochemical characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms in sequencing batch biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 194:91-98. [PMID: 26188551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a major component of biofilms that act as a gel-like matrix, binding the cells together to form their three-dimensional structure. The effects of ceria nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on the production and physicochemical characteristics of EPS in biofilms in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor were investigated. Total EPS production, including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), increased by 35.41% compared to in control tests without CeO2 NPs. Protein production increased by 47.02% (LB-EPS) and 58.83% (TB-EPS) after 50 mg/L CeO2 NP exposure. Three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra revealed that tyrosine (LB-EPS) and aromatic (TB-EPS) protein-like substances formed after CeO2 NP exposure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated the susceptibility of -OH and -NH2 in EPS hydroxyl and amine groups to CeO2 NPs. Exposure to 50 mg/L CeO2 NPs reduced the flocculating capacity of LB-EPS (51.78%) and TB-EPS (17.14%), consistent with the decreased zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang You
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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281
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Srivastava S, Bhargava A. Biofilms and human health. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:1-22. [PMID: 26386834 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm can be defined as a surface-attached (sessile) community of microorganisms embedded and growing in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These biofilm communities can be found in medical, industrial and natural environments, and can also be engineered in vitro for various biotechnological applications. Biofilms play a significant role in the transmission and persistence of human disease especially for diseases associated with inert surfaces, including medical devices for internal or external use. Biofilm infections on implants or in-dwelling devices are difficult to eradicate because of their much better protection against macrophages and antibiotics, compared to free living cells, leading to severe clinical complications often with lethal outcome. Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided novel approaches to preventing and dispersing biofilm related infections and potentially providing a novel method for fighting infections that is nondrug related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India.
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282
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A Cardiolipin-Deficient Mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Has an Altered Cell Shape and Is Impaired in Biofilm Formation. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:3446-55. [PMID: 26283770 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00420-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell shape has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of bacterial attachment to surfaces and the formation of communities associated with surfaces. We found that a cardiolipin synthase (Δcls) mutant of the rod-shaped bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides--in which synthesis of the anionic, highly curved phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is reduced by 90%--produces ellipsoid-shaped cells that are impaired in biofilm formation. Reducing the concentration of CL did not cause significant defects in R. sphaeroides cell growth, swimming motility, lipopolysaccharide and exopolysaccharide production, surface adhesion protein expression, and membrane permeability. Complementation of the CL-deficient mutant by ectopically expressing CL synthase restored cells to their rod shape and increased biofilm formation. Treating R. sphaeroides cells with a low concentration (10 μg/ml) of the small-molecule MreB inhibitor S-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea produced ellipsoid-shaped cells that had no obvious growth defect yet reduced R. sphaeroides biofilm formation. This study demonstrates that CL plays a role in R. sphaeroides cell shape determination, biofilm formation, and the ability of the bacterium to adapt to its environment. IMPORTANCE Membrane composition plays a fundamental role in the adaptation of many bacteria to environmental stress. In this study, we build a new connection between the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and cellular adaptation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We demonstrate that CL plays a role in the regulation of R. sphaeroides morphology and is important for the ability of this bacterium to form biofilms. This study correlates CL concentration, cell shape, and biofilm formation and provides the first example of how membrane composition in bacteria alters cell morphology and influences adaptation. This study also provides insight into the potential of phospholipid biosynthesis as a target for new chemical strategies designed to alter or prevent biofilm formation.
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283
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Sadekuzzaman M, Yang S, Mizan M, Ha S. Current and Recent Advanced Strategies for Combating Biofilms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sadekuzzaman
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea Dept. of Livestock Services, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - S. Yang
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - M.F.R. Mizan
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - S.D. Ha
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
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284
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Statins and Antimicrobial Effects: Simvastatin as a Potential Drug against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128098. [PMID: 26020797 PMCID: PMC4447369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are important lipid-lowering agents with other pleiotropic effects. Several studies have explored a possible protective effect of statins to reduce the morbidity and mortality of many infectious diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens implicated in nosocomial infections; its ability to form biofilms makes treatment difficult. The present study observed the MIC of atorvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin against S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Simvastatin was the only agent with activity against clinical isolates and reference strains of methicilin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Thus, the effects of simvastatin on the growth, viability and biofilm formation of S. aureus were tested. In addition, a possible synergistic effect between simvastatin and vancomycin was evaluated. Simvastatin’s MIC was 15.65 µg/mL for S. aureus 29213 and 31.25 µg/mL for the other strains of S. aureus. The effect of simvastatin was bactericidal at 4xMIC and bacteriostatic at the MIC concentration. No synergistic effect was found between simvastatin and vancomycin. However, the results obtained against S. aureus biofilms showed that, in addition to inhibiting adhesion and biofilm formation at concentrations from 1/16xMIC to 4xMIC, simvastatin was also able to act against mature biofilms, reducing cell viability and extra-polysaccharide production. In conclusion, simvastatin showed pronounced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus biofilms, reducing their formation and viability.
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285
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Song F, Koo H, Ren D. Effects of Material Properties on Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1027-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515587690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, to surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilms cause multidrug-tolerant infections in humans and fouling of medical devices. To address these challenges, it is important to understand how material properties affect microbe-surface interactions and engineer better nonfouling materials. Here we review the recent progresses in this field and discuss the main challenges and opportunities. In particular, we focus on bacterial biofilms and review the effects of surface energy, charge, topography, and stiffness of substratum material on bacterial adhesion. We summarize how these surface properties influence oral biofilm formation, and we discuss the important findings from nondental systems that have potential applications in dental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Song
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - H. Koo
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D. Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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286
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287
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Jin L, Guo W, Xue P, Gao H, Zhao M, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Han D. Quantitative assay for the colonization ability of heterogeneous bacteria on controlled nanopillar structures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:055702. [PMID: 25581320 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The colonization ability of bacteria on biomaterial surfaces is influenced by the morphology of the bacteria and the nanotopography of the biomaterial. However, interactions between the bacterial morphology and nanotopography of biomaterials have not yet been completely elucidated. In this article, we quantitatively characterized the bacterial morphology to illuminate the integrated effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanopillar arrays on the colonization of bacteria cells with different shapes. Our results demonstrated that the interaction between interpillar spacing and the diameter of the bacterial cells impacted the number of bacterial cells that adhered to different PET substrates. The interpillar spacing of nanopillar arrays promotes bacterial adhesion in a definite range (<50 nm). However, further increasing the interpillar spacing inhibited the adhesion of bacteria to the nanopillar arrays. Moreover, the interpillar spacing also influenced the morphologies of adherent bacterial cells on the PET nanopillar arrays, which consequently facilitated bacterial adhesion to the nanopillar arrays. Our findings enhance the understanding of interactions between controlled nanotopography and bacterial colonization and provide an appropriate parameter for the design of antibacterial materials with nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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288
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Karimi A, Karig D, Kumar A, Ardekani AM. Interplay of physical mechanisms and biofilm processes: review of microfluidic methods. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:23-42. [PMID: 25385289 PMCID: PMC4261921 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria in natural and artificial environments often reside in self-organized, integrated communities known as biofilms. Biofilms are highly structured entities consisting of bacterial cells embedded in a matrix of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS matrix acts like a biological 'glue' enabling microbes to adhere to and colonize a wide range of surfaces. Once integrated into biofilms, bacterial cells can withstand various forms of stress such as antibiotics, hydrodynamic shear and other environmental challenges. Because of this, biofilms of pathogenic bacteria can be a significant health hazard often leading to recurrent infections. Biofilms can also lead to clogging and material degradation; on the other hand they are an integral part of various environmental processes such as carbon sequestration and nitrogen cycles. There are several determinants of biofilm morphology and dynamics, including the genotypic and phenotypic states of constituent cells and various environmental conditions. Here, we present an overview of the role of relevant physical processes in biofilm formation, including propulsion mechanisms, hydrodynamic effects, and transport of quorum sensing signals. We also provide a survey of microfluidic techniques utilized to unravel the associated physical mechanisms. Further, we discuss the future research areas for exploring new ways to extend the scope of the microfluidic approach in biofilm studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Karimi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - D. Karig
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2G8
| | - A. M. Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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289
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Chakraborty J, Das S. Characterization and cadmium-resistant gene expression of biofilm-forming marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa JP-11. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:14188-14201. [PMID: 25056746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-forming marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa JP-11 was isolated from coastal marine sediment of Paradeep Port, Odisha, East Coast, India, which resisted up to 1,000 ppm of cadmium (Cd) as cadmium chloride in aerobic conditions with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 1,250 ppm. Biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the cells effectively removed 58.760 ± 10.62 and 29.544 ± 8.02 % of Cd, respectively. The integrated density of the biofilm-EPS observed under fluorescence microscope changed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the presence of 50, 250, 450, 650 and 850 ppm Cd. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed a peak at 2,365.09/cm in the presence of 50, 250, 450 and 650 ppm Cd which depicts the presence of sulphydryl group (-SH) within the EPS, whereas, a peak shift to 2,314.837/cm in the presence of 850 ppm Cd suggested the major role of this functional group in the binding with cadmium. On exposure to Cd at 100, 500 and 1,000 ppm, the expression profiles of cadmium resistance gene (czcABC) in the isolate showed an up-regulation of 3.52-, 17- and 24-fold, respectively. On the other hand, down-regulation was observed with variation in the optimum pH (6) and salinity (20 g l(-1)) level. Thus, the cadmium resistance gene expression increases on Cd stress up to the tolerance level, but an optimum pH and salinity are the crucial factors for proper functioning of cadmium resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769 008, India
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290
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Gill L, Williams M, Hamzavi I. Update on hidradenitis suppurativa: connecting the tracts. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:112. [PMID: 25580266 PMCID: PMC4278191 DOI: 10.12703/p6-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating skin disease characterized by recurrent abscesses, sinus tract formation, and scarring. Prevalence estimates range from 0.053% to 4.1%, although HS is likely an underdiagnosed disease. Although the first reports of HS date back to the mid-19th century, the disease continues to plague patients and physicians desperate for a definitive treatment. Advances in the understanding of the disease process include the possibility of a defective basement membrane at the sebofollicular junction of the folliculopilosebaceous unit (FPSU; that is, where the sebaceous gland empties into the hair follicle) as an initiating event followed by secondary bacterial colonization. New evidence suggests that bacteria living in a community, known as a biofilm, rather than single planktonic bacteria in HS lesions may explain why HS can be resistant to current antibiotic treatment regimens. Available treatment options have expanded to include triple-antibiotic therapy, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors (biologics), laser therapy, and surgical excision, including the skin tissue-sparing excision with electrosurgical peeling procedure. Despite the array of treatments available, many patients continue to struggle with the embarrassment, pain, odor, and frustration that accompany this often isolating disease. Physicians should address comorbidities in HS, including the psychosocial issues patients with HS frequently encounter. Patients can be directed to HS support groups, where they can openly discuss their frustrations, share their experiences in dealing with HS, and band together to advocate for themselves. HS is misunderstood by both patients and physicians, often resulting in a delay in clinical presentation and diagnosis. Patients and physicians across multiple specialties must work together to expand awareness of and interest in HS, so that one day, individuals with HS can be freed from this crippling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Gill
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University965 Fee Road, Room A110, East Lansing, MI 48824USA
| | - Melissa Williams
- Department of DermatologyHenry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Boulevard, Suite 800, Detroit, MI 48202USA
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of DermatologyHenry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Boulevard, Suite 800, Detroit, MI 48202USA
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291
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Zhang P, Fang F, Chen YP, Shen Y, Zhang W, Yang JX, Li C, Guo JS, Liu SY, Huang Y, Li S, Gao X, Yan P. Composition of EPS fractions from suspended sludge and biofilm and their roles in microbial cell aggregation. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:59-65. [PMID: 24968163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion and aggregation properties of microbial cell are closely related to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In this work, the composition and physicochemical characteristics of EPS in biofilm and suspended sludge (S-sludge) were determined to evaluate their roles in microbial cell aggregation. Raman spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra have been employed to reveal each EPS fraction in different composition. The flocculating capacity of each EPS fraction in the S-sludge shows extraordinary activity, comparing its counterpart in biofilm. Microbial cell surfaces present high hydrophobicity and increased zeta potentials upon EPS extraction. In addition, the respective contribution of EPS to cell aggregating was elucidated. The contribution of combined SEPS and LB-EPS was 23% for S-sludge sample, whereas that was negligible for biofilm sample. The contribution of LB-EPS and TB-EPS were 16% and 30% for S-sludge sample, and -6% and negligible for biofilm sample, respectively. Therefore, EPS promoted the S-sludge cells to aggregate, while in contrast, they showed a negligible or negative effect on the biofilm cells aggregating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Shao-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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292
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Hol FJH, Dekker C. Zooming in to see the bigger picture: microfluidic and nanofabrication tools to study bacteria. Science 2014; 346:1251821. [PMID: 25342809 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial structure of natural habitats strongly affects bacterial life, ranging from nanoscale structural features that individual cells exploit for surface attachment, to micro- and millimeter-scale chemical gradients that drive population-level processes. Nanofabrication and microfluidics are ideally suited to manipulate the environment at those scales and have emerged as powerful tools with which to study bacteria. Here, we review the new scientific insights gained by using a diverse set of nanofabrication and microfluidic techniques to study individual bacteria and multispecies communities. This toolbox is beginning to elucidate disparate bacterial phenomena-including aging, electron transport, and quorum sensing-and enables the dissection of environmental communities through single-cell genomics. A more intimate integration of microfluidics, nanofabrication, and microbiology will enable further exploration of bacterial life at the smallest scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J H Hol
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
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293
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Luo L, Li G, Luan D, Yuan Q, Wei Y, Wang X. Antibacterial adhesion of borneol-based polymer via surface chiral stereochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19371-19377. [PMID: 25331199 DOI: 10.1021/am505481q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During its adhesion on external surfaces, a cell exhibits obvious inclination to different molecular chirality, which encourages us to develop a new type of antibacterial material catering to the "chiral taste" of bacteria. On the basis of the natural product borneol (a camphane-type bicyclic monoterpene), a series of borneol-based polymer, polyborneolacrylate (PBA), was successfully prepared and showed superior antibacterial adhesion properties resulting from the borneol isomers on material surface. The results of this study reveal that bacteria simply dislike this type of stubborn surface of PBA, and the PBA surface stereochemistry contributes to the interfacial antibacterial activities. The PBA polymers were evaluated as noncytotoxic and can be simply synthesized, demonstrating their great potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiong Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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294
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Wang Y, Yao S, Meng Q, Yu X, Wang X, Cui F. Gene expression profiling and mechanism study of neural stem cells response to surface chemistry. Regen Biomater 2014; 1:37-47. [PMID: 26816623 PMCID: PMC4668997 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To declare the mechanisms of neural stem cells (NSCs) in response to material surface chemistry, NSCs were exposed to the self-assemble monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold surfaces terminated with amine (NH2), hydroxyl (OH) and methyl (CH3) for analysis. The morphological responses of NSCs were recorded; the gene expression profilings were detected by genechips; the gene expressions data of NSCs responded to different chemical groups were declared through the gene ontology term and pathway analyses. It showed that cells behaved dissimilar on the three chemical groups, the adhesion, proliferation and migration were easier on the NH2 and OH groups; the gene expressions of NSCs were induced differently, either, involved in several functional processes and signaling pathways. CH3 group induced genes enriched much in chemistry reactions and death processes, whereas many genes of cellular nucleotide metabolism were down-regulated. NH2 group induced NSCs to express many genes of receptors on membrane, and participated in cellular signal transduction of cell adhesion and interactions, or associated with axon growth. OH group was similar to NH2 group to induce the membrane response, but it also down regulated metabolism of cells. Therefore, it declared the chemical groups affected NSCs through inner way and the NH2, OH and CH3 groups triggered the cellular gene expression in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shenglian Yao
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qingyuan Meng
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- Institute for regenerative medicine and biomimetic materials, School of materials science and engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, Department of anatomy, histology and embryology, School of basic medical sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China and Department of material science and chemical engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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295
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Siegismund D, Schroeter A, Lüdecke C, Undisz A, Jandt KD, Roth M, Rettenmayr M, Schuster S, Germerodt S. Discrimination between random and non-random processes in early bacterial colonization on biomaterial surfaces: application of point pattern analysis. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:1023-1033. [PMID: 25329612 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.958999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of adhesion and growth of bacterial cells on biomaterial surfaces play an important role in the formation of biofilms. The surface properties of biomaterials have a major impact on cell adhesion processes, eg the random/non-cooperative adhesion of bacteria. In the present study, the spatial arrangement of Escherichia coli on different biomaterials is investigated in a time series during the first hours after exposure. The micrographs are analyzed via an image processing routine and the resulting point patterns are evaluated using second order statistics. Two main adhesion mechanisms can be identified: random adhesion and non-random processes. Comparison with an appropriate null-model quantifies the transition between the two processes with statistical significance. The fastest transition to non-random processes was found to occur after adhesion on PTFE for 2-3 h. Additionally, determination of cell and cluster parameters via image processing gives insight into surface influenced differences in bacterial micro-colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Siegismund
- a Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
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296
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Dunger G, Guzzo CR, Andrade MO, Jones JB, Farah CS. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri type IV Pilus is required for twitching motility, biofilm development, and adherence. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1132-47. [PMID: 25180689 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-14-0184-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial type IV pili (T4P) are long, flexible surface filaments that consist of helical polymers of mostly pilin subunits. Cycles of polymerization, attachment, and depolymerization mediate several pilus-dependent bacterial behaviors, including twitching motility, surface adhesion, pathogenicity, natural transformation, escape from immune system defense mechanisms, and biofilm formation. The Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 genome codes for a large set of genes involved in T4P biogenesis and regulation and includes several pilin homologs. We show that X. citri subsp. citri can exhibit twitching motility in a manner similar to that observed in other bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xylella fastidiosa and that this motility is abolished in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri knockout strains in the genes coding for the major pilin subunit PilAXAC3241, the ATPases PilBXAC3239 and PilTXAC2924, and the T4P biogenesis regulators PilZXAC1133 and FimXXAC2398. Microscopy analyses were performed to compare patterns of bacterial migration in the wild-type and knockout strains and we observed that the formation of mushroom-like structures in X. citri subsp. citri biofilm requires a functional T4P. Finally, infection of X. citri subsp. citri cells by the bacteriophage (ΦXacm4-11 is T4P dependent. The results of this study improve our understanding of how T4P influence Xanthomonas motility, biofilm formation, and susceptibility to phage infection.
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297
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Song F, Ren D. Stiffness of cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) affects bacterial adhesion and antibiotic susceptibility of attached cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10354-10362. [PMID: 25117376 DOI: 10.1021/la502029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Escherichia coli RP437 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were used as model strains to investigate the early stage biofilm formation on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surfaces with varying stiffness, which were prepared by controlling the degree of cross-linking (base:curing agent ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, and 40:1 were tested). An inverse correlation between cell adhesion and substrate stiffness was observed for both species. Interestingly, it was found that the cells attached on relatively stiff substrates (5:1 PDMS) were significantly smaller than those on relatively soft substrates (40:1 PDMS). In addition to the difference in size, the cells on 5:1 PDMS substrates were also found to be less susceptible to antibiotics, such as ofloxacin, ampicillin, and tobramycin, than the cells attached on 40:1 PDMS substrates. These results reveal that surface stiffness is an important material property that influences the attachment, growth, and stress tolerance of biofilm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Song
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, ‡Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, §Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and ∥Department of Biology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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298
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Connaughton A, Childs A, Dylewski S, Sabesan VJ. Biofilm Disrupting Technology for Orthopedic Implants: What's on the Horizon? Front Med (Lausanne) 2014; 1:22. [PMID: 25705632 PMCID: PMC4335381 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of orthopedic implants in joints has revolutionized the treatment of patients with many debilitating chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis. However, the introduction of foreign material into the human body predisposes the body to infection. The treatment of these infections has become very complicated since the orthopedic implants serve as a surface for multiple species of bacteria to grow at a time into a resistant biofilm layer. This biofilm layer serves as a protectant for the bacterial colonies on the implant making them more resistant and difficult to eradicate when using standard antibiotic treatment. In some cases, the use of antibiotics alone has even made the bacteria more resistant to treatment. Thus, there has been surge in the creation of non-antibiotic anti-biofilm agents to help disrupt the biofilms on the orthopedic implants to help eliminate the infections. In this study, we discuss infections of orthopedic implants in the shoulder then we review the main categories of anti-biofilm agents that have been used for the treatment of infections on orthopedic implants. Then, we introduce some of the newer biofilm disrupting technology that has been studied in the past few years that may advance the treatment options for orthopedic implants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby Childs
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI , USA
| | - Stefan Dylewski
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine , Grand Rapids, MI , USA
| | - Vani J Sabesan
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI , USA
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Brzozowska AM, Parra-Velandia FJ, Quintana R, Xiaoying Z, Lee SSC, Chin-Sing L, Jańczewski D, Teo SLM, Vancso JG. Biomimicking micropatterned surfaces and their effect on marine biofouling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9165-75. [PMID: 25017490 DOI: 10.1021/la502006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
When synthetic materials are submerged in marine environments, dissolved matter and marine organisms attach to their surfaces by a process known as marine fouling. This phenomenon may lead to diminished material performance with detrimental consequences. Bioinspired surface patterning and chemical surface modifications present promising approaches to the design of novel functional surfaces that can prevent biofouling phenomena. In this study, we report the synergistic effects of surface patterns, inspired by the marine decapod crab Myomenippe hardwickii in combination with chemical surface modifications toward suppressing marine fouling. M. hardwickii is known to maintain a relatively clean carapace although the species occurs in biofouling communities of tropical shallow subtidal coastal waters. Following the surface analysis of selected specimens, we designed hierarchical surface microtopographies that replicate the critical features observed on the crustacean surface. The micropatterned surfaces were modified with zwitterionic polymer brushes or with layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte multilayers to enhance their antifouling and/or fouling-release potential. Chemically modified and unmodified micropatterned surfaces were subjected to extensive fouling tests, including laboratory assays against barnacle settlement and algae adhesion, and field static immersion tests. The results show a statistically significant reduction in settlement on the micropatterned surfaces as well as a synergistic effect when the microtopographies are combined with grafted polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Brzozowska
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore
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Winkelströter LK, Teixeira FBDR, Silva EP, Alves VF, De Martinis ECP. Unraveling microbial biofilms of importance for food microbiology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:35-46. [PMID: 24370864 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of biofilms is a relevant risk factors in the food industry due to the potential contamination of food products with pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The majority of bacteria are able to adhere and to form biofilms, where they can persist and survive for days to weeks or even longer, depending on the microorganism and the environmental conditions. The biological cycle of biofilms includes several developmental phases such as: initial attachment, maturation, maintenance, and dispersal. Bacteria in biofilms are generally well protected against environmental stress, consequently, extremely difficult to eradicate and detect in food industry. In the present manuscript, some techniques and compounds used to control and to prevent the biofilm formation are presented and discussed. Moreover, a number of novel techniques have been recently employed to detect and evaluate bacteria attached to surfaces, including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Better knowledge on the architecture, physiology and molecular signaling in biofilms can contribute for preventing and controlling food-related spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The present study highlights basic and applied concepts important for understanding the role of biofilms in bacterial survival, persistence and dissemination in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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