251
|
Archangelidi O, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Timmis A, Jouven X, Denaxas S, Hemingway H. Clinically recorded heart rate and incidence of 12 coronary, cardiac, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial diseases in 233,970 men and women: A linked electronic health record study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1485-1495. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318785228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background In healthy population cohorts, resting heart rate above 90 bpm is associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, but it is not clear whether associations are present at lower heart rates or whether these associations differ between women. Methods The CALIBER resource of linked electronic health records from primary care, hospitalisations, myocardial infarction registry and cause-specific mortality in the UK was used to assess associations between resting heart rate and 12 fatal and non-fatal coronary, cardiac, cerebral and peripheral vascular cardiovascular diseases and death using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Among 233,970 patients, 29,690 fatal and non-fatal events occurred. Fully adjusted models showed that resting heart rate was not associated in men or women with cerebrovascular events. In men a resting heart rate of 70–79 bpm (29.1% of all men) versus less than 60 bpm was associated with an increased risk of heart failure (hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–2.16), unheralded coronary death (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.41), total cardiovascular events (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.28) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.22–1.58). Women with a higher resting heart rate level of 80–89 bpm versus 60 bpm had a higher risk of total cardiovascular disease events (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.24) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.35) compared to a resting heart rate less than 60 bpm. The risk was also present at higher heart rates (>90 bpm) for heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Conclusions A resting heart rate that clinicians currently consider as ‘normal’ in the general population is specifically associated with the incidence of certain major cardiovascular diseases and death, with the risk starting at lower resting heart rate levels in men compared to women. Further research is required to evaluate whether interventions to lower resting heart rate are warranted to prevent disease. The study is registered at: clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT01947361).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Archangelidi
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London
- MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Adam Timmis
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London
- Department of Cardiology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London
| | - Harry Hemingway
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Heinzmann-Filho JP, Zanatta LB, Vendrusculo FM, Silva JSD, Gheller MF, Campos NE, Oliveira MDS, Feoli AMP, Gustavo ADS, Donadio MVF. MAXIMUM HEART RATE MEASURED VERSUS ESTIMATED BY DIFFERENT EQUATIONS DURING THE CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2018; 36:309-314. [PMID: 30365812 PMCID: PMC6202885 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;3;00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the values of measured maximum heart rate (HRmax) and maximum heart rate estimated by different equations during the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in obese adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years old, with obesity (BMI Z-score>2.0) were included. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected, followed by CPET, recording HRmax. The highest heart rate reached at peak exercise was considered as HRmax. The comparison between measured and estimated HRmax values was performed using four previous equations. Descriptive statistics and the ANOVA test (Bonferroni post-test) were used. RESULTS Fifty-nine obese adolescents were included, 44% of them male. The mean age was 16.8±1.2 years old and the BMI (Z-score) was 3.0±0.7. At peak exercise, the mean HRmax (bpm) was 190.0±9.2, the respiratory coefficient was 1.2±0.1, and the VO2max (mL/kg/min) was 26.9±4.5. When comparing the measured values of HRmax with those estimated by the different formulas, the equations "220-age", "208-0.7 x age" and "207-0.7 x age" were shown to overestimate (p<0.001) the measured HRmax results in obese adolescents. Only the "200-0.48 x age" equation presented similar results (p=0.103) with the values measured in the CPET. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrate that the equation "200-0.48 x age" seems to be more adequate to estimate HRmax in obese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Ludwig M, Hoffmann K, Endler S, Asteroth A, Wiemeyer J. Measurement, Prediction, and Control of Individual Heart Rate Responses to Exercise-Basics and Options for Wearable Devices. Front Physiol 2018; 9:778. [PMID: 29988588 PMCID: PMC6026884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of wearable devices or “wearables” in the physical activity domain has been increasing in the last years. These devices are used as training tools providing the user with detailed information about individual physiological responses and feedback to the physical training process. Advantages in sensor technology, miniaturization, energy consumption and processing power increased the usability of these wearables. Furthermore, available sensor technologies must be reliable, valid, and usable. Considering the variety of the existing sensors not all of them are suitable to be integrated in wearables. The application and development of wearables has to consider the characteristics of the physical training process to improve the effectiveness and efficiency as training tools. During physical training, it is essential to elicit individual optimal strain to evoke the desired adjustments to training. One important goal is to neither overstrain nor under challenge the user. Many wearables use heart rate as indicator for this individual strain. However, due to a variety of internal and external influencing factors, heart rate kinetics are highly variable making it difficult to control the stress eliciting individually optimal strain. For optimal training control it is essential to model and predict individual responses and adapt the external stress if necessary. Basis for this modeling is the valid and reliable recording of these individual responses. Depending on the heart rate kinetics and the obtained physiological data, different models and techniques are available that can be used for strain or training control. Aim of this review is to give an overview of measurement, prediction, and control of individual heart rate responses. Therefore, available sensor technologies measuring the individual heart rate responses are analyzed and approaches to model and predict these individual responses discussed. Additionally, the feasibility for wearables is analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ludwig
- Department of Computer Sciences, Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-Efficient Engineering, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, St. Augustin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Sport Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Endler
- Department of Computer Science in Sports, Institute of Computer Science, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Asteroth
- Department of Computer Sciences, Institute of Technology, Resource and Energy-Efficient Engineering, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, St. Augustin, Germany
| | - Josef Wiemeyer
- Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Sport Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Vernillo G, Pisoni C, Thiébat G. Physiological and Physical Profile of Snowboarding: A Preliminary Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:770. [PMID: 29973888 PMCID: PMC6019472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sport of snowboarding has grown in popularity as both a recreational winter activity as well as a prominent Olympic sport. Both forms are comprised of one of three different disciplines within the sport: freestyle, alpine, and snowboard-cross. In recent years, the increased professionalism and substantial growth of snowboarding as a global sport has increasingly attracted the interest of exercise physiologists and sport scientists. Given the small (but growing) number of studies that have been published, the research analyzing the physiological and performance characteristics and requirements of snowboarding remains limited. The absence of such studies signifies a lack of examination into this important but under-explored area of research, which could contribute valuable information to the scientific community and international snowboarding teams. The studies conducted thus far have indicated different requirements of physiological and physical traits dependent upon the specific discipline of snowboarding in question. For example, in order to meet the divers demands of each discipline, athletes must develop various qualities, such as muscular strength and power. This can increase their ability to withstand the high forces and loads on the muscular system during competition, and further decrease their risk of lower limbs injuries. At the same time, the studies acknowledge the potential advantages of aerobic fitness in terms of recovery, to more efficiently sustain the athlete through both competitive and on- and off-snow training sessions. Given the value and breadth of application of these limited studies, further analysis and research could contribute greater knowledge and benefits to the field of snowboarding. Therefore, it is the purpose of this preliminary review to explore the current literature, providing further insight into the physiological and physical demands of snowboarding performance. This preliminary review is intended to stimulate interest among the communities of exercise physiologists, sport scientists and particularly coaches in order to improve our current understanding of snowboarding and its demands as a sport. This preliminary review further seeks to develop protocols and strategies to assess physiological and performance characteristics of snowboarding, monitor athletic performance, provide practical recommendations for training, identify new areas of scientific research, and develop accurate talent identification programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Milan.,Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, AB
| | - Cesare Pisoni
- Snowboard and Freestyle Sector, Italian Winter Sports Federation, Milan, Milan
| | - Gabriele Thiébat
- Snowboard and Freestyle Sector, Italian Winter Sports Federation, Milan, Milan.,Sports Trauma Centre, IRCCS Institute Orthopedic Galeazzi, Milan, Milan
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Schubert MM, Clark A, De La Rosa AB. The Polar ® OH1 Optical Heart Rate Sensor is Valid during Moderate-Vigorous Exercise. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 2:E67-E70. [PMID: 30539120 PMCID: PMC6225963 DOI: 10.1055/a-0631-0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Traditional heart-rate monitoring through the use of electrocardiograms or chest-worn heart rate sensors can be challenging in certain sports or in field settings. New technologies, such as photoplethysmography (PPG), have enabled heart-rate monitoring at alternate sites. However, to date, the accuracy and validity of various PPG sensors has not been examined in detail. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the validity of an arm-worn PPG sensor during yoga sequences.
Methods
Fifteen college-aged men and women participated in a ~45 min power vinyasa yoga class. During the class, participants wore Polar
®
H7 chest straps and RCX3 receivers (criterion) and Polar
®
OH1 arm bands on their upper right arm (practical). Mean differences were compared via a paired
t
-test, heart rate during yoga using a time*device repeated measures ANOVA, and agreement assessed with Bland-Altman analysis.
Results
Mean heart rates during yoga were not different (mean difference=0.76, 95% CI: –0.54 to 2.06;
p
=0.229). Yoga created a main effect of time on heart rate (
p
<0.0001), but there was no difference between devices (
p
=0.86) or interaction (
p
=0.90). Mean bias±95% limits of agreement was 0.76±1.30 bpm, with a typical error of 2.42±1.49 bpm and a coefficient of variation of 1.8±1.5%.
Conclusions
Results of the present investigation revealed that the Polar
®
OH1 is a valid measure of heart rate during moderate-vigorous exercise. Future validation studies should consider other exercise modes and participant characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Schubert
- California State University San Marcos, Kinesiology, San Marcos, United States
| | - Amy Clark
- CSU - San Marcos, Kinesiology, San Marcos, United States
| | - Annie B De La Rosa
- California State University San Marcos, Kinesiology, San Marcos, United States
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Sartor F, Gelissen J, van Dinther R, Roovers D, Papini GB, Coppola G. Wrist-worn optical and chest strap heart rate comparison in a heterogeneous sample of healthy individuals and in coronary artery disease patients. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:10. [PMID: 29881626 PMCID: PMC5984393 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The need for unobtrusive HR (heart rate) monitoring has led to the development of a new generation of strapless HR monitors. The aim of this study was to determine whether such an unobtrusive, wrist-worn optical HR monitor (OHRM) could be equivalent and therefore a valid alternative to a traditional chest strap during a broad range of activities in a heterogeneous healthy population and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods One hundred ninety-nine healthy volunteers, 84 males and 115 females, including 35 overweight-obese subjects, 53 pregnant women, and 20 CAD patients were tested in the present study. Second-by-second HR measured by the OHRM was concurrently evaluated against an ECG-based chest strap monitor during a broad range of activities (i.e., walking, running, cycling, gym, household, and sedentary activities). Results Data coverage, percentage of time the OHRM provides a HR not larger than 10 bpm from the reference, went from a minimum of 92% of the time in the least periodic activity (i.e., gym), to 95% during the most intense activity (i.e., running), and to a maximum of 98% for sedentary activities. The limits of agreement of the difference between the OHRM and the chest strap HR were within the range of ±15 bpm. The OHRM showed a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.98. Overall, the mean absolute error was not larger than 3 bpm, which can be considered clinically acceptable for a number of applications. A similar performance was found for CAD (94.2% coverage, 2.4 bpm error), but the small sample size does not allow any quantitative comparison. Conclusion Heart rate measured by OHRM at the wrist and ECG-based HR measured via a traditional chest strap are acceptably close in a broad range of activities in a heterogeneous, healthy population, and showed initial promising results also in CAD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13102-018-0098-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sartor
- 1Department of Personal Health, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, p.005, P.O. Box WB61, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Gelissen
- 1Department of Personal Health, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, p.005, P.O. Box WB61, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph van Dinther
- 2Standardization Research & Robust Sensing, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David Roovers
- Connected Sensing, Philips Patient Care & Monitoring Solutions, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele B Papini
- 1Department of Personal Health, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, p.005, P.O. Box WB61, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,4Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Coppola
- Connected Sensing, Philips Patient Care & Monitoring Solutions, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Schneider C, Hanakam F, Wiewelhove T, Döweling A, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Heart Rate Monitoring in Team Sports-A Conceptual Framework for Contextualizing Heart Rate Measures for Training and Recovery Prescription. Front Physiol 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29904351 PMCID: PMC5990631 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive monitoring of fitness, fatigue, and performance is crucial for understanding an athlete's individual responses to training to optimize the scheduling of training and recovery strategies. Resting and exercise-related heart rate measures have received growing interest in recent decades and are considered potentially useful within multivariate response monitoring, as they provide non-invasive and time-efficient insights into the status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and aerobic fitness. In team sports, the practical implementation of athlete monitoring systems poses a particular challenge due to the complex and multidimensional structure of game demands and player and team performance, as well as logistic reasons, such as the typically large number of players and busy training and competition schedules. In this regard, exercise-related heart rate measures are likely the most applicable markers, as they can be routinely assessed during warm-ups using short (3–5 min) submaximal exercise protocols for an entire squad with common chest strap-based team monitoring devices. However, a comprehensive and meaningful monitoring of the training process requires the accurate separation of various types of responses, such as strain, recovery, and adaptation, which may all affect heart rate measures. Therefore, additional information on the training context (such as the training phase, training load, and intensity distribution) combined with multivariate analysis, which includes markers of (perceived) wellness and fatigue, should be considered when interpreting changes in heart rate indices. The aim of this article is to outline current limitations of heart rate monitoring, discuss methodological considerations of univariate and multivariate approaches, illustrate the influence of different analytical concepts on assessing meaningful changes in heart rate responses, and provide case examples for contextualizing heart rate measures using simple heuristics. To overcome current knowledge deficits and methodological inconsistencies, future investigations should systematically evaluate the validity and usefulness of the various approaches available to guide and improve the implementation of decision-support systems in (team) sports practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Hanakam
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kellmann
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mark Pfeiffer
- Institute of Sport Science, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
258
|
Integrated Framework of Load Monitoring by a Combination of Smartphone Applications, Wearables and Point-of-Care Testing Provides Feedback that Allows Individual Responsive Adjustments to Activities of Daily Living. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18051632. [PMID: 29783763 PMCID: PMC5981295 DOI: 10.3390/s18051632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Athletes schedule their training and recovery in periods, often utilizing a pre-defined strategy. To avoid underperformance and/or compromised health, the external load during training should take into account the individual's physiological and perceptual responses. No single variable provides an adequate basis for planning, but continuous monitoring of a combination of several indicators of internal and external load during training, recovery and off-training as well may allow individual responsive adjustments of a training program in an effective manner. From a practical perspective, including that of coaches, monitoring of potential changes in health and performance should ideally be valid, reliable and sensitive, as well as time-efficient, easily applicable, non-fatiguing and as non-invasive as possible. Accordingly, smartphone applications, wearable sensors and point-of-care testing appear to offer a suitable monitoring framework allowing responsive adjustments to exercise prescription. Here, we outline 24-h monitoring of selected parameters by these technologies that (i) allows responsive adjustments of exercise programs, (ii) enhances performance and/or (iii) reduces the risk for overuse, injury and/or illness.
Collapse
|
259
|
Vacher P, Martinent G, Mourot L, Nicolas M. Elite swimmers’ internal markers trajectories in ecological training conditions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1866-1877. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vacher
- EuroMov; University of Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458); University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Dijon France
| | - G. Martinent
- Laboratory L-VIS (EA 7428); University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Univ-Lyon France
| | - L. Mourot
- EA 3920 and Exercise, Performance, Health and Innovation Platform; University of Bourgogne; Franche-Comté France
- Tomsk Polytechnic University; Tomsk Russia
| | - M. Nicolas
- Laboratory Psy-DREPI (EA 7458); University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Dijon France
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Povea CE, Cabrera A. Practical usefulness of heart rate monitoring in physical exercise. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
261
|
Povea CE, Cabrera A. Utilidad práctica de la monitorización de la frecuencia cardiaca durante el ejercicio físico. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
262
|
Sanyal S, Nundy KK. Algorithms for Monitoring Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate From the Video of a User's Face. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2018; 6:2700111. [PMID: 29805920 PMCID: PMC5957265 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2018.2818687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone cameras can measure heart rate (HR) by detecting pulsatile photoplethysmographic (iPPG) signals from post-processing the video of a subject’s face. The iPPG signal is often derived from variations in the intensity of the green channel as shown by Poh et. al. and Verkruysse et. al.. In this pilot study, we have introduced a novel iPPG method where by measuring variations in color of reflected light, i.e., Hue, and can therefore measure both HR and respiratory rate (RR) from the video of a subject’s face. This paper was performed on 25 healthy individuals (Ages 20–30, 15 males and 10 females, and skin color was Fitzpatrick scale 1–6). For each subject we took two 20 second video of the subject’s face with minimal movement, one with flash ON and one with flash OFF. While recording the videos we simultaneously measuring HR using a Biosync B-50DL Finger Heart Rate Monitor, and RR using self-reporting. This paper shows that our proposed approach of measuring iPPG using Hue (range 0–0.1) gives more accurate readings than the Green channel. HR/Hue (range 0–0.1) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$r=0.9201$
\end{document}, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$p$
\end{document}-value = 4.1617, and RMSE = 0.8887) is more accurate compared with HR/Green (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$r=0.4916$
\end{document}, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$p$
\end{document}-value = 11.60172, and RMSE = 0.9068). RR/Hue (range 0–0.1) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$r=0.6575$
\end{document}, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$p$
\end{document}-value = 0.2885, and RMSE = 3.8884) is more accurate compared with RR/Green (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$r=0.3352$
\end{document}, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}
}{}$p$
\end{document}-value = 0.5608, and RMSE = 5.6885). We hope that this hardware agnostic approach for detection of vital signals will have a huge potential impact in telemedicine, and can be used to tackle challenges, such as continuous non-contact monitoring of neo-natal and elderly patients. An implementation of the algorithm can be found at https://pulser.thinkbiosolution.com
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shourjya Sanyal
- Think Biosolution Limited, NDRCThe Digital ExchangeDublin8Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
263
|
Masroor S, Bhati P, Verma S, Khan M, Hussain ME. Heart Rate Variability following Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training in Sedentary Hypertensive Women: A Randomised Control Trial. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 3:S28-S35. [PMID: 30595274 PMCID: PMC6310694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on heart rate variability in sedentary, hypertensive women. Participants A total of twenty-eight hypertensive (Stage 1 and 2) sedentary women (Age 40.54 ± 4.2 yrs; Height 155.14 ± 5.4 cm; Weight 70.96 ± 10.2 kg; BMI 29.6 ± 4.4; Duration of HTN: 6.43 ± 2.5 yrs) were recruited for the study. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to either the CART group that performed combined aerobic and resistance exercise of moderate intensity [aerobic exercise 50–80% of HRmax (maximum heart rate) and resistance exercises at 50–80% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM)], 5 times/week for 4 weeks, or to the control group that followed conventional treatment without any supervised exercise intervention. Main outcome measures Resting blood pressure was measured and standard heart rate variability (HRV) indices were calculated using time domain (SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD) and frequency domain (LFnu, HFnu, LF/HF and TP) analysis. Results CART group demonstrated an increase in HFnu, TP, SDNN, and RMSSD, (p < 0.05) along with a significant decrease in LFnu, LF/HF ratio, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion CART showed significant improvement in HRV parameters indicating vagal dominance in middle-aged hypertensive women. Therefore, exercise training in combined form (aerobic and resistance) may be incorporated in the management programs of the patients suffering from hypertension in order to augment improvement in their cardiac autonomic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Masroor
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Pooja Bhati
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shalini Verma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Monis Khan
- Deen Dayal Upadhyay Kaushal Kendra, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Biomarkers of Human Cardiopulmonary Response After Short-Term Exposures to Medical Laser-Generated Particulate Matter From Simulated Procedures: A Pilot Study. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:940-5. [PMID: 27465102 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted an exposure chamber study in humans using a simulated clinical procedure lasing porcine tissue to demonstrate evidence of effects of exposure to laser-generated particulate matter (LGPM). METHODS We measured pre- and post-exposure changes in exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), spirometry, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood markers of inflammation in five volunteers. RESULTS Change in pre- and post-exposure measurements of eNO and spirometry was unremarkable. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts increased and fibrinogen levels decreased in four of the five subjects. Measures of HRV showed decreases in the standard deviation of normal between beat intervals and sequential 5-minute intervals. CONCLUSION These data represent the first evidence of human physiologic response to LGPM exposure. Further exploration of coagulation effects and HRV is warranted.
Collapse
|
265
|
Colosio AL, Pogliaghi S. Quantification of energy expenditure of military loaded runs: what is the performance of laboratory-based equations when applied to the field environment? J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 164:253-258. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionPerformance during army loaded runs provides a synthetic indicator of a soldier’s capacity to move while carrying loads and thereby remain able to execute a mission. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the energy expenditure (EE) of army loaded runs, conducted in a field environment using laboratory-based equations and HR index (HRindex).Methods45 Ranger recruits had HR monitored during three loaded runs (10, 15 and 20 km) in full military equipment in the field environment. EE was calculated using reference equations (EE-Eq) and estimates of oxygen consumption based on HRindex (EE-HRindex). Correspondence between EE-Eq and EE-HRindex estimates was evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance, correlation test and Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsEE-Eq relative to time and weight was significantly higher for the 10 km (0.175±0.016) compared with 15 and 20 km (0.163±0.016 and 0.160±0.013 kcal/kg/min, not different). The overall EE-Eq increased significantly with distance (1129±59, 1703±80 and 2250±115 kcal for 10, 15 and 20 km). EE-Eq was not different from and highly correlated with EE-HRindex, with a small and non-significant bias and good precision between methods.ConclusionsOur study provides the first comprehensive data on HR and EE during long-distance loaded army runs, in full combat equipment, in actual field conditions. Equation-based estimates of EE during these heavy-intensity activities were not significantly different from and highly correlated with HR-based estimates. This corroborates the general applicability of the predictive equations in the field environment. Furthermore, our study suggests that time-resolved HR-based estimates of EE during army runs can be used to evaluate for the effects of context specificity, individual variability and fatigue in movement economy.
Collapse
|
266
|
Messias LHD, Polisel EEC, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Advances of the reverse lactate threshold test: Non-invasive proposal based on heart rate and effect of previous cycling experience. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534108 PMCID: PMC5849329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our first aim was to compare the anaerobic threshold (AnT) determined by the incremental protocol with the reverse lactate threshold test (RLT), investigating the previous cycling experience effect. Secondarily, an alternative RLT application based on heart rate was proposed. Two groups (12 per group-according to cycling experience) were evaluated on cycle ergometer. The incremental protocol started at 25 W with increments of 25 W at each 3 minutes, and the AnT was calculated by bissegmentation, onset of blood lactate concentration and maximal deviation methods. The RLT was applied in two phases: a) lactate priming segment; and b) reverse segment; the AnT (AnTRLT) was calculated based on a second order polynomial function. The AnT from the RLT was calculated based on the heart rate (AnTRLT-HR) by the second order polynomial function. In regard of the Study 1, most of statistical procedures converged for similarity between the AnT determined from the bissegmentation method and AnTRLT. For 83% of non-experienced and 75% of experienced subjects the bias was 4% and 2%, respectively. In Study 2, no difference was found between the AnTRLT and AnTRLT-HR. For 83% of non-experienced and 91% of experienced subjects, the bias between AnTRLT and AnTRLT-HR was similar (i.e. 6%). In summary, the AnT determined by the incremental protocol and RLT are consistent. The AnT can be determined during the RLT via heart rate, improving its applicability. However, future studies are required to improve the agreement between variables.
Collapse
|
267
|
Benedetto S, Caldato C, Bazzan E, Greenwood DC, Pensabene V, Actis P. Assessment of the Fitbit Charge 2 for monitoring heart rate. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192691. [PMID: 29489850 PMCID: PMC5831032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness trackers are devices or applications for monitoring and tracking fitness-related metrics such as distance walked or run, calorie consumption, quality of sleep and heart rate. Since accurate heart rate monitoring is essential in fitness training, the objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and precision of the Fitbit Charge 2 for measuring heart rate with respect to a gold standard electrocardiograph. Fifteen healthy participants were asked to ride a stationary bike for 10 minutes and their heart rate was simultaneously recorded from each device. Results showed that the Fitbit Charge 2 underestimates the heart rate. Although the mean bias in measuring heart rate was a modest -5.9 bpm (95% CI: -6.1 to -5.6 bpm), the limits of agreement, which indicate the precision of individual measurements, between the Fitbit Charge 2 and criterion measure were wide (+16.8 to -28.5 bpm) indicating that an individual heart rate measure could plausibly be underestimated by almost 30 bpm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Cataldo A, Bianco A, Paoli A, Cerasola D, Alagna S, Messina G, Zangla D, Traina M. Resting sympatho-vagal balance is related to 10 km running performance in master endurance athletes. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7051. [PMID: 29686813 PMCID: PMC5895982 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Relationships between heart rate recovery after exercise (HRR, baseline heart rate variability measures (HRV), and time to perform a 10Km running trial (t10Km) were evaluated in "master" athletes of endurance to assess whether the measured indexes may be useful for monitoring the training status of the athletes. Ten “master” athletes of endurance, aged 40-60 years, were recruited. After baseline measures of HRV, the athletes performed a graded maximal test on treadmill and HRR was measured at 1 and 2 minutes from recovery. Subsequently they performed a 10Km running trial and t10Km was related to HRV and HRR indexes. The time to perform a 10Km running trial was significantly correlated with baseline HRV indexes. No correlation was found between t10Km and HRR. Baseline HRV measures, but not HRR, were significantly correlated with the time of performance on 10km running in “master” athletes. The enhanced parasympathetic function at rest appears to be a condition to a better performance on 10km running. HRV can be simple and useful measurements for monitoring the training stratus of athletes and their physical condition in proximity of a competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cataldo
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Cerasola
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Traina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Monitoring and Managing Fatigue in Basketball. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010019. [PMID: 29910323 PMCID: PMC5969183 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sport of basketball exposes athletes to frequent high intensity movements including sprinting, jumping, accelerations, decelerations and changes of direction during training and competition which can lead to acute and accumulated chronic fatigue. Fatigue may affect the ability of the athlete to perform over the course of a lengthy season. The ability of practitioners to quantify the workload and subsequent fatigue in basketball athletes in order to monitor and manage fatigue levels may be beneficial in maintaining high levels of performance and preventing unfavorable physical and physiological training adaptations. There is currently limited research quantifying training or competition workload outside of time motion analysis in basketball. In addition, systematic research investigating methods to monitor and manage athlete fatigue in basketball throughout a season is scarce. To effectively optimize and maintain peak training and playing performance throughout a basketball season, potential workload and fatigue monitoring strategies need to be discussed.
Collapse
|
270
|
Bisschoff CA, Coetzee B, Esco MR. Heart rate variability and recovery as predictors of elite, African, male badminton players’ performance levels. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1437868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christo A. Bisschoff
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ben Coetzee
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael R. Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Brueck A, Iftekhar T, Stannard AB, Yelamarthi K, Kaya T. A Real-Time Wireless Sweat Rate Measurement System for Physical Activity Monitoring. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020533. [PMID: 29439398 PMCID: PMC5855985 DOI: 10.3390/s18020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant research on the physiology of sweat in the past decade, with one of the main interests being the development of a real-time hydration monitor that utilizes sweat. The contents of sweat have been known for decades; sweat provides significant information on the physiological condition of the human body. However, it is important to know the sweat rate as well, as sweat rate alters the concentration of the sweat constituents, and ultimately affects the accuracy of hydration detection. Towards this goal, a calorimetric based flow-rate detection system was built and tested to determine sweat rate in real time. The proposed sweat rate monitoring system has been validated through both controlled lab experiments (syringe pump) and human trials. An Internet of Things (IoT) platform was embedded, with the sensor using a Simblee board and Raspberry Pi. The overall prototype is capable of sending sweat rate information in real time to either a smartphone or directly to the cloud. Based on a proven theoretical concept, our overall system implementation features a pioneer device that can truly measure the rate of sweat in real time, which was tested and validated on human subjects. Our realization of the real-time sweat rate watch is capable of detecting sweat rates as low as 0.15 µL/min/cm², with an average error in accuracy of 18% compared to manual sweat rate readings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brueck
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Tashfin Iftekhar
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Alicja B Stannard
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.
| | - Kumar Yelamarthi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Tolga Kaya
- School of Computing, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
de Müllenheim PY, Chaudru S, Emily M, Gernigon M, Mahé G, Bickert S, Prioux J, Noury-Desvaux B, Le Faucheur A. Using GPS, accelerometry and heart rate to predict outdoor graded walking energy expenditure. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:166-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
273
|
Prakash SKA, Tucker CS. Bounded Kalman filter method for motion-robust, non-contact heart rate estimation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:873-897. [PMID: 29552419 PMCID: PMC5854085 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors of this work present a real-time measurement of heart rate across different lighting conditions and motion categories. This is an advancement over existing remote Photo Plethysmography (rPPG) methods that require a static, controlled environment for heart rate detection, making them impractical for real-world scenarios wherein a patient may be in motion, or remotely connected to a healthcare provider through telehealth technologies. The algorithm aims to minimize motion artifacts such as blurring and noise due to head movements (uniform, random) by employing i) a blur identification and denoising algorithm for each frame and ii) a bounded Kalman filter technique for motion estimation and feature tracking. A case study is presented that demonstrates the feasibility of the algorithm in non-contact estimation of the pulse rate of subjects performing everyday head and body movements. The method in this paper outperforms state of the art rPPG methods in heart rate detection, as revealed by the benchmarked results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
| | - Conrad S. Tucker
- School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs (SEDTAPP), Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Pinna V, Magnani S, Sainas G, Ghiani G, Vanni S, Olla S, Marini E, Curreli N, Cabras S, Farinatti P, Antoni G, Tocco F, Rinaldi AC, Crisafulli A. Physical Capacity and Energy Expenditure of Cavers. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1067. [PMID: 29326602 PMCID: PMC5736537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caves are an extreme environment for humans because of the high humidity, mud, darkness, and slippery conditions. Explorations can last many hours or even days, and require extensive climbing and ropework. Very little is known about the physical capacity of cavers and their energy expenditure (EE) during caving. The physical capacity of 17 (7 females) expert cavers (age 43.9 ± 7.3 years) was assessed during an incremental cycle-ergometer test (IET) with gas exchange analysis. Moreover, a wearable metabolic band (Armband Fit Core) was used to estimate their EE during caving. In terms of physical capacity, the IET showed that cavers had a maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 2,248.7 ± 657.8 ml·min−1 (i.e., 32.4 ± 6.4 ml·kg−1·min−1), while anaerobic threshold (AT) occurred on average at 74.5% of VO2max. Results from caving sessions provided an average time spent in cave of 9.4 ± 1.2 h while the average EE was 268.8 ± 54.8 kcal·h−1, which corresponded to about 40% of VO2max measured during IET. A mean distance of 10.6 ± 2.2 km was covered by subjects. Data from the present investigation provide evidence that cavers have a level of aerobic physical capacity only slightly higher than that of sedentary people, thereby suggesting that a high aerobic fitness is not needed by cavers. Moreover, during caving the EE was on average well below the level of AT. However, in absolute terms, the total EE was elevated (i.e., 2,672.3 ± 576 kcal in total) due to the long time spent in caving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pinna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Magnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sainas
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ghiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samuele Vanni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Olla
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Curreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Cabras
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Statistics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Spain
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giorgia Antoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Gruppo Speleo Archeologico Giovanni Spano, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea C Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Gruppo Speleo Archeologico Giovanni Spano, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Mazurek K, Koprowska N, Gajewski J, Zmijewski P, Skibniewski F, Różanowski K. Parachuting training improves autonomic control of the heart in novice parachute jumpers. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
276
|
Arslan E, Alemdaroglu U, Koklu Y, Hazir T, Muniroglu S, Karakoc B. Effects of Passive and Active Rest on Physiological Responses and Time Motion Characteristics in Different Small Sided Soccer Games. J Hum Kinet 2017; 60:123-132. [PMID: 29339992 PMCID: PMC5765792 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resting regimes on physiological responses and time motion characteristics between bouts during small sided games (SSGs) in young soccer players. Sixteen players (average age 16.87 ± 0.34 years; body height 176.69 ± 3.21 cm; body mass 62.40 ± 2.59 kg; training experience 3.75 ± 0.44 years) performed four bouts 2-a-side, 3-a-side and 4-a-side games with three minutes active (SSGar: Running at 70% of HRmax) and passive (SSGpr) rest between bouts at two-day intervals. The heart rate (HR) along with total distance covered in different speed zones - walking (W, 0-6.9 km·h-1), low-intensity running (LIR, 7.0-12.9 km·h-1), moderate-intensity running (MIR, 13.0-17.9 km·h-1) and high-intensity running (HIR, >18km·h-1), were monitored during all SSGs, whereas the rating of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-20) and venous blood lactate (La-) were determined at the end of the last bout of each SSG. The results demonstrated that all SSGpr elicited significantly higher physiological responses compared to SSGar in terms of the RPE and La- (p < 0.05). In addition, 2-a-side SSGpr induced significantly lower %HRmax responses and total distance covered than 2-a-side SSGar (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance covered at HIR was significantly higher in 4-a-side SSGar than 4-side SSGpr. The results of this study indicate that both SSGs with passive and active rest can be used for soccer specific aerobic endurance training. Furthermore, all SSGs with active recovery should be performed in order to increase players and teams’ performance capacity for subsequent bouts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ersan Arslan
- Department of School of Physical Education and Sports, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Utku Alemdaroglu
- Department of Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Koklu
- Department of Faculty of Sport Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tahir Hazir
- Department of Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Surhat Muniroglu
- Department of Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
277
|
Barbero-Alvarez JC, Gómez-López M, Castagna C, Barbero-Alvarez V, Romero DV, Blanchfield AW, Nakamura FY. Game Demands of Seven-A-Side Soccer in Young Players. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1771-1779. [PMID: 26349040 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Barbero-Alvarez, JC, Gómez-López, M, Castagna, C, Barbero-Alvarez, V, Romero, DV, Blanchfield, AW, and Nakamura, FY. Game demands of seven-a-side soccer in young players. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1771-1779, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the activity patterns and physiological demands of 7-a-side youth soccer matches across 2 chronological age categories (U12 and U14). Twenty-two soccer players of a national youth soccer academy were investigated. Players of each age category performed 2 training matches (2 × 25 minutes) and were monitored by global positioning system and heart rate monitor units. Players of both categories covered similar total distance (5,348 ± 307 m), at similar mean heart rate values (86 ± 4% of maximum). However, the number of high-intensity runs (82.5 ± 17.4 vs. 69.7 ± 15.2) and total distance covered during sprints (264 ± 207 vs. 128 ± 74 m) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in U14 compared with U12. The results suggest a highly demanding nature of 7-a-side soccer for skilled players, with physical maturity possibly influencing the match-related high-intensity performance at these ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José C Barbero-Alvarez
- 1Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports and Education Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain; 2Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 3Sports and Physical Activity Faculty, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 4Football Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano (Florence), Italy; 5School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Bangor University, Wales, United Kingdom; and 6Physical Education Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
278
|
Bai Y, Hibbing P, Mantis C, Welk GJ. Comparative evaluation of heart rate-based monitors: Apple Watch vs Fitbit Charge HR. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1734-1741. [PMID: 29210326 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1412235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the validity of energy expenditure (EE), steps, and heart rate measured with the Apple Watch 1 and Fitbit Charge HR. Thirty-nine healthy adults wore the two monitors while completing a semi-structured activity protocol consisting of 20 minutes of sedentary activity, 25 minutes of aerobic exercise, and 25 minutes of light intensity physical activity. Criterion measures were obtained from an Oxycon Mobile for EE, a pedometer for steps, and a Polar heart rate strap worn on the chest for heart rate. For estimating whole-trial EE, the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) from Fitbit Charge HR (32.9%) was more than twice that of Apple Watch 1 (15.2%). This trend was consistent for the individual conditions. Both monitors accurately assessed steps during aerobic activity (MAPEApple: 6.2%; MAPEFitbit: 9.4%) but overestimated steps in light physical activity. For heart rate, Fitbit Charge HR produced its smallest MAPE in sedentary behaviors (7.2%), followed by aerobic exercise (8.4%), and light activity (10.1%). The Apple Watch 1 had stronger validity than the Fitbit Charge HR for assessing overall EE and steps during aerobic exercise. The Fitbit Charge HR provided heart rate estimates that were statistically equivalent to Polar monitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- a Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science , University of Vermont , Burlington , VT , USA
| | - Paul Hibbing
- b Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | | | - Gregory J Welk
- c Department of Kinesiology , Iowa State University , Ames , IA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Towards a Grand Unified Theory of sports performance. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 56:139-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
280
|
Nightingale TE, Rouse PC, Thompson D, Bilzon JLJ. Measurement of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in Wheelchair Users: Methods, Considerations and Future Directions. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2017; 3:10. [PMID: 28251597 PMCID: PMC5332318 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurately measuring physical activity and energy expenditure in persons with chronic physical disabilities who use wheelchairs is a considerable and ongoing challenge. Quantifying various free-living lifestyle behaviours in this group is at present restricted by our understanding of appropriate measurement tools and analytical techniques. This review provides a detailed evaluation of the currently available measurement tools used to predict physical activity and energy expenditure in persons who use wheelchairs. It also outlines numerous considerations specific to this population and suggests suitable future directions for the field. Of the existing three self-report methods utilised in this population, the 3-day Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with Spinal Cord Injury (PARA-SCI) telephone interview demonstrates the best reliability and validity. However, the complexity of interview administration and potential for recall bias are notable limitations. Objective measurement tools, which overcome such considerations, have been validated using controlled laboratory protocols. These have consistently demonstrated the arm or wrist as the most suitable anatomical location to wear accelerometers. Yet, more complex data analysis methodologies may be necessary to further improve energy expenditure prediction for more intricate movements or behaviours. Multi-sensor devices that incorporate physiological signals and acceleration have recently been adapted for persons who use wheelchairs. Population specific algorithms offer considerable improvements in energy expenditure prediction accuracy. This review highlights the progress in the field and aims to encourage the wider scientific community to develop innovative solutions to accurately quantify physical activity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C Rouse
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
281
|
Gilgen-Ammann R, Koller M, Huber C, Ahola R, Korhonen T, Wyss T. Energy expenditure estimation from respiration variables. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15995. [PMID: 29167536 PMCID: PMC5700096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate two models to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) based on respiration variables in healthy subjects during daily physical activities. Ninety-nine male and female subjects systematically varying in age (18-60 years) and body mass index (BMI; 17-36 kg*m-2) completed eleven aerobic activities with a portable spirometer as the criterion measure. Two models were developed using linear regression analyses with the data from 67 randomly selected subjects (50.0% female, 39.9 ± 11.8 years, 25.1 ± 5.2 kg*m-2). The models were cross-validated with the other 32 subjects (49% female, 40.4 ± 10.7 years, 24.7 ± 4.6 kg*m-2) by applying equivalence testing and Bland-and-Altman analyses. Model 1, estimating TEE based solely on respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and age, was significantly equivalent to the measured TEE with a systematic bias of 0.06 kJ*min-1 (0.22%) and limits of agreement of ±6.83 kJ*min-1. Model 1 was as accurate in estimating TEE as Model 2, which incorporated further information on activity categories, heart rate, sex, and BMI. The results demonstrated that respiration variables and age can be used to accurately determine daily TEE for different types of aerobic activities in healthy adults across a broad range of ages and body sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Koller
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Céline Huber
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Wyss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Bullock GS, Schmitt AC, Chasse P, Little BA, Diehl LH, Butler RJ. Heart rate response does not differ between pitch types in college baseball pitchers. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1399324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail C. Schmitt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Lee H. Diehl
- Michael W. Kryzyzewski Human Performance Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J. Butler
- Saint Louis Cardinals Baseball Organization, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Scott D, Lovell R. Individualisation of speed thresholds does not enhance the dose-response determination in football training. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1523-1532. [PMID: 29099673 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1398894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the utility of a range of approaches used to develop player-dependent speed zones in time-motion analysis (TMA), in determining the dose-response (internal load) of daily football training. Daily external (10 Hz GPS) and internal load (heart rate metrics, ratings of perceived exertion [RPE], wellness ratings) measures were tracked for 22 International women's football players during a 21-day training camp. High-speed (HSR) and very high speed running (VHSR) were determined according to arbitrary speed thresholds, as well as using a range of different individualization approaches that included the velocities corresponding to the heart rate deflection point, maximal aerobic speed, YYIR1 performance, and maximal sprint speed (MSS). Within-player correlations between the TMA approaches versus internal load measures quantified the dose-response to training. Correlations between HSR and VHSR vs. RPE were large (r = 0.53-0.67), with the exception of VHSR for the MSS technique (moderate; r = 0.44). HSR was very-largely associated with heart rate indices (r = 0.72-0.78), again with the exception of MSS (large; r = 0.60-0.67). Using a range of different fitness characteristics to individualise speed thresholds did not enhance the dose-response determination to daily fluctuations in external load, and was worsened with MSS per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Scott
- a US Soccer Federation , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ric Lovell
- b School of Science and Health , Western Sydney University , Penrith , NSW , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Abt G, Bray J, Benson AC. The validity and inter-device variability of the Apple Watch™ for measuring maximal heart rate. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1447-1452. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1397282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant Abt
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - James Bray
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Amanda Clare Benson
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Gorny AW, Liew SJ, Tan CS, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Fitbit Charge HR Wireless Heart Rate Monitor: Validation Study Conducted Under Free-Living Conditions. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e157. [PMID: 29055881 PMCID: PMC5670315 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many modern smart watches and activity trackers feature an optical sensor that estimates the wearer’s heart rate. Recent studies have evaluated the performance of these consumer devices in the laboratory. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the accuracy and sensitivity of a common wrist-worn tracker device in measuring heart rates and detecting 1-min bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) under free-living conditions. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were recruited from a large university in Singapore to participate in a limited field test, followed by a month of continuous data collection. During the field test, each participant would wear one Fitbit Charge HR activity tracker and one Polar H6 heart rate monitor. Fitbit measures were accessed at 1-min intervals, while Polar readings were available for 10-s intervals. We derived intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for individual participants comparing heart rate estimates. We applied Centers for Disease Control and Prevention heart rate zone cut-offs to ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of Fitbit in identifying 1-min epochs falling into MVPA heart rate zone. Results We collected paired heart rate data for 2509 1-min epochs in 10 individuals under free-living conditions of 3 to 6 hours. The overall ICC comparing 1-min Fitbit measures with average 10-s Polar H6 measures for the same epoch was .83 (95% CI .63-.91). On average, the Fitbit tracker underestimated heart rate measures by −5.96 bpm (standard error, SE=0.18). At the low intensity heart rate zone, the underestimate was smaller at −4.22 bpm (SE=0.15). This underestimate grew to −16.2 bpm (SE=0.74) in the MVPA heart rate zone. Fitbit devices detected 52.9% (192/363) of MVPA heart rate zone epochs correctly. Positive and negative predictive values were 86.1% (192/223) and 92.52% (2115/2286), respectively. During subsequent 1 month of continuous data collection (270 person-days), only 3.9% of 1-min epochs could be categorized as MVPA according to heart rate zones. This measure was affected by decreasing wear time and adherence over the period of follow-up. Conclusions Under free-living conditions, Fitbit trackers are affected by significant systematic errors. Improvements in tracker accuracy and sensitivity when measuring MVPA are required before they can be considered for use in the context of exercise prescription to promote better health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wilhelm Gorny
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seaw Jia Liew
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Kilit B, Arslan E. Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players: comparison of serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1381470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Kilit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ersan Arslan
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
Sanders D, Heijboer M, Hesselink MKC, Myers T, Akubat I. Analysing a cycling grand tour: Can we monitor fatigue with intensity or load ratios? J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1385-1391. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1388669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajo Sanders
- Sport, Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, Newman University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Heijboer
- Sport Science, Team LottoNL-Jumbo Professional Cycling Team, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Science, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, MUMC+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tony Myers
- Sport, Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, Newman University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Akubat
- Sport, Physical Activity and Health Research Centre, Newman University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Campbell BI, Bove D, Ward P, Vargas A, Dolan J. Quantification of Training Load and Training Response for Improving Athletic Performance. Strength Cond J 2017. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
289
|
Scantlebury S, Till K, Atkinson G, Sawczuk T, Jones B. The within-participant Correlation between s-RPE and Heart Rate in Youth Sport. Sports Med Int Open 2017; 1:E195-E199. [PMID: 30539107 PMCID: PMC6226087 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of training load is important to ensure athletes are adapting optimally to a training stimulus. Before quantification of training load can take place, coaches must be confident that the tools available are accurate. We aimed to quantify the within-participant correlation between the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and summated heart rate zone (sHRz) methods of monitoring internal training load. Training load (s-RPE and heart rate) data were collected for rugby, soccer and field hockey field-based training sessions over a 14-week in-season period. A total of 397 sessions were monitored (rugby n=170, soccer n=114 and field hockey n=113). Within-subject correlations between s-RPE and sHRz were quantified for each sport using a general linear model. Large correlations between s-RPE and the sHRz method were found for rugby (r=0.68; 95% CI 0.59-0.75) and field hockey (r=0.60; 95% CI 0.47-0.71) with a very large correlation found for soccer (r=0.72; 95% CI 0.62-0.80). No significant differences were found between the correlations for each sport. The very large and large correlations found between s-RPE and the sHRz methods support the use of s-RPE in quantifying internal training load in youth sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Scantlebury
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, UK.,Queen Ethelburgas Collegiate, York, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, UK
| | - Greg Atkinson
- Health and Social Care Institute, Teeside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Tom Sawczuk
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, UK.,Queen Ethelburgas Collegiate, York, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, UK.,Queen Ethelburgas Collegiate, York, UK.,The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Villafaina S, Collado-Mateo D, Fuentes JP, Merellano-Navarro E, Gusi N. Physical Exercise Improves Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:110. [PMID: 28942507 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of the present systematic review is to provide an up-to-date analysis of the research on the effects of exercise programs on heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An electronic search of the literature (PubMed, PEDro and Web of Science) was performed. "HRV", "heart rate variability", "exercise", "physical" and "diabetes" were the terms used for article retrieval. Lastly, 15 articles were selected. PRISMA methodology was employed and data were extracted according to the PICOS approach. RECENT FINDINGS Although HRV is not routinely measured in the management of T2DM, it is an important measure due to its relation with mortality and diabetic neuropathy. Physical exercise has become a therapy for T2DM, because it improves physical fitness and functional capacity, enhances metabolic control and insulin sensitivity, reduces inflammatory markers and neuropathy symptoms and can increase the regenerative capacity of cutaneous axons, slowing or preventing neuropathy progression. However, it is not clear to what extent physical exercise can improve HRV in this population. Participation in the 15 selected studies was similar in men and women (48.01% men and 51.99% women). All the intervention programs included aerobic training, and it was complemented by strength training in four studies. Duration of physical exercise sessions ranged between 30 and 75 min, the frequency being between 2 and 7 days/week. Statistically significant improvements in groups with diabetes, relative to baseline, were observed in nine studies. More than 3 days per week of aerobic training, complemented by strength training, during at least 3 months seems to improve HRV in T2DM. Weekly frequency might be the most important factor to improve HRV. These aspects could help to design better programs based in scientific evidence, incorporating HRV as an important variable associated with diabetic neuropathy and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Villafaina
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain.
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Fuentes
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Narcis Gusi
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003, Caceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Djaoui L, Haddad M, Chamari K, Dellal A. Monitoring training load and fatigue in soccer players with physiological markers. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:86-94. [PMID: 28886966 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The quantification and monitoring of training load (TL) has been the topic of many scientific works in the last fifteen years. TL monitoring helps coaches to individually prescribe, follow-up, analyse, adjust and programme training sessions. In particular, the aim of the present review was to provide a critical literature report regarding different physiological markers of TL monitoring, particularly in soccer, as the load is specific to individual sports. Therefore, the interests and limitations of heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and biochemical variables (blood, urinary and hormonal variations) were analysed, with a special focus on daily measures (before, during and after training) and monitoring throughout a whole season. It appears that the most relevant markers were the resting HR before training, HR reserve during training, HRV during rest days, blood lactate, and blood and salivary immunological status in follow-ups throughout the season. Urinary markers indicative of the players' hydration status also deserve attention. However, these objective markers should be considered with a subjective marker of TL such as the rating of perceived exertion to give a more precise quantification of TL and its perception. Future research could be directed towards urinary marker analysis and the analysis of specific markers of TL, which could be related to injury occurrence and to performance during competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Djaoui
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement and Biology (LIBM), University Claude Bernard Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athletic Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Alexandre Dellal
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement and Biology (LIBM), University Claude Bernard Lyon1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Sport Science and Research Department, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Kliszczewicz B, Esco MR, E Bechke E, Feito Y, M Williamson C, Brown D, Price B. Venipuncture procedure affects heart rate variability and chronotropic response. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:1080-1086. [PMID: 28846150 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be influenced by several factors such as noise, sleep status, light, and emotional arousal; however, little evidence is available concerning autonomic responses to a venipuncture. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of HRV indexes and heart rate (HR) during and following a venipuncture procedure among healthy individuals. METHODS 33 healthy individuals (22.8 ± 0.56 years, 167 ± 1.56 cm, 69.5 ± 2.61 kg) participated. Testing included 10-minute HRV analysis prior to the venipuncture, a 1-minute venipuncture procedure followed by a 10-minute analysis of HRV, and a total recording of 21 minutes. The first 5 minutes of the 21-minute recordings were discarded, and the remaining 5 minutes of the resting segment was analyzed (PRE), and the last 5 minutes of the 21-minute recording (POST). The log transformation of the time domain root mean squared of successive differences (lnRMSSD) and the frequency domains of high frequency (lnHF) and low frequency (lnLF) and LF/HF ratio (lnLF/HF) were used to quantify autonomic activity. HR was measured in 1-minute segments at 2 minutes prior (PRE), venipuncture (STICK), and post (P1-5). RESULTS HR significantly increased at STICK (P = 0.002), and fell below resting at P-5 (P < 0.001). lnRMSSD and lnHF increased significantly by POST (P < 0.001, P = 0.005). lnLF/HF ratio significantly decreased at POST (P = 0.047), while no significant changes occurred for lnLF (P = 0.590). CONCLUSIONS HRV and HR are influenced for 10 minutes following the venipuncture procedure. Practitioners and researchers who are interested in collecting blood and measuring HRV need to account for the influence of the venipuncture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Emily E Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cassie M Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Brown
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Brandi Price
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Bhati P, Bansal V, Moiz JA. Comparison of different volumes of high intensity interval training on cardiac autonomic function in sedentary young women. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 31:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0073/ijamh-2017-0073.xml. [PMID: 28837421 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study was conducted to compare the effects of low volume of high intensity interval training (LVHIIT) and high volume of high intensity interval training (HVHIIT) on heart rate variability (HRV) as a primary outcome measure, and on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition, and lower limb muscle strength as secondary outcome measures, in sedentary young women. Methods Thirty-six participants were recruited in this study. The LVHIIT group (n = 17) performed one 4-min bout of treadmill running at 85%-95% maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by 3 min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, three times per week for 6 weeks. The HVHIIT group (n = 15) performed four times 4-min bouts of treadmill running at 85%-95% HRmax, interspersed with 3-min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. All criterion measures were measured before and after training in both the groups. Results Due to attrition of four cases, data of 32 participants was used for analysis. A significant increase in high frequency (HF) power (p < 0.001) and decrease in the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF) ratio (p < 0.001) in HRV parameters, was observed post-HVHIIT, whereas, these variables did not change significantly (HF: p = 0.92, LF/HF ratio: p = 0.52) in LVHIIT group. Nevertheless, both the interventions proved equally effective in improving aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, and muscle strength. Conclusion The study results suggest that both LVHIIT and HVHIIT are equally effective in improving VO2max, body composition, and muscle strength, in sedentary young women. However, HVHIIT induces parasympathetic dominance as well, as measured by HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Bansal
- Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007,India, Phone: +91-11-27402406
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Blagrove RC, Howatson G, Hayes PR. Test-retest reliability of physiological parameters in elite junior distance runners following allometric scaling. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1231-1240. [PMID: 28829688 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1364301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the intra-individual reliability of a number of physiological variables in a group of national and international young distance runners. Sixteen (8 male, 8 female) participants (16.7 ± 1.4 years) performed a submaximal incremental running assessment followed by a maximal running test, on two occasions separated by no more than seven days. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), speed at V̇O2max (km h-1), running economy and speed and heart rate (HR) at fixed blood lactate concentrations were determined. V̇O2max and running economy were scaled for differences in body mass using a power exponent derived from a larger cohort of young runners (n = 42). Running economy was expressed as oxygen cost and energy cost at the speed associated with lactate turnpoint (LTP) and the two speeds prior to LTP. Results of analysis of variance revealed an absence of systematic bias between trials. Reliability indices showed a high level of reproducibility across all parameters (typical error [TE] ≤2%; intra-class correlation coefficient >0.8; effect size <0.6). Expressing running economy as energy cost appears to provide superior reliability than using oxygen cost (TE ∼1.5% vs. ∼2%). Blood lactate and HR were liable to daily fluctuations of 0.14-0.22 mmol L-1 and 4-5 beats min-1 respectively. The minimum detectable change values (95% confidence) for each parameter are also reported. Exercise physiologists can be confident that measurement of important physiological determinants of distance running performance are highly reproducible in elite junior runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Blagrove
- a Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences , School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University , Birmingham , UK.,b Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation , Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- b Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation , Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,c Water Research Group , Northwest University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Philip R Hayes
- b Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation , Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Stöggl TL, Björklund G. High Intensity Interval Training Leads to Greater Improvements in Acute Heart Rate Recovery and Anaerobic Power as High Volume Low Intensity Training. Front Physiol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28824457 PMCID: PMC5539186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore if training regimes utilizing diverse training intensity distributions result in different responses on neuromuscular status, anaerobic capacity/power and acute heart rate recovery (HRR) in well-trained endurance athletes. Methods: Thirty-six male (n = 33) and female (n = 3) runners, cyclists, triathletes and cross-country skiers [peak oxygen uptake: (VO2peak): 61.9 ± 8.0 mL·kg−1·min−1] were randomly assigned to one of three groups (blocked high intensity interval training HIIT; polarized training POL; high volume low intensity oriented control group CG/HVLIT applying no HIIT). A maximal anaerobic running/cycling test (MART/MACT) was performed prior to and following a 9-week training period. Results: Only the HIIT group achieved improvements in peak power/velocity (+6.4%, P < 0.001) and peak lactate (P = 0.001) during the MART/MACT, while, unexpectedly, in none of the groups the performance at the established lactate concentrations (4, 6, 10 mmol·L−1) was changed (P > 0.05). Acute HRR was improved in HIIT (11.2%, P = 0.002) and POL (7.9%, P = 0.023) with no change in the HVLIT oriented control group. Conclusion: Only a training regime that includes a significant amount of HIIT improves the neuromuscular status, anaerobic power and the acute HRR in well-trained endurance athletes. A training regime that followed more a low and moderate intensity oriented model (CG/HVLIT) had no effect on any performance or HRR outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Stöggl
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Glenn Björklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Sports Tech Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden.,The Swedish Sports ConfederationStockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Alcantara RS, Wall-Scheffler CM. Stroller running: Energetic and kinematic changes across pushing methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180575. [PMID: 28672004 PMCID: PMC5495480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Running with a stroller provides an opportunity for parents to exercise near their child and counteract health declines experienced during early parenthood. Understanding biomechanical and physiological changes that occur when stroller running is needed to evaluate its health impact, yet the effects of stroller running have not been clearly presented. Here, three commonly used stroller pushing methods were investigated to detect potential changes in energetic cost and lower-limb kinematics. METHODS Sixteen individuals (M/F: 10/6) ran at self-selected speeds for 800m under three stroller conditions (2-Hands, 1-Hand, and Push/Chase) and an independent running control. RESULTS A significant decrease in speed (p = 0.001) and stride length (p<0.001) was observed between the control and stroller conditions, however no significant change in energetic cost (p = 0.080) or heart rate (p = 0.393) was observed. Additionally, pushing method had a significant effect on speed (p = 0.001) and stride length (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that pushing technique influences stroller running speed and kinematics. These findings suggest specific fitness effects may be achieved through the implementation of different pushing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Alcantara
- Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cara M. Wall-Scheffler
- Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Sarabadani Tafreshi A, Riener R, Klamroth-Marganska V. Quantitative analysis of externally-induced patterns and natural oscillations in the human cardiovascular response: Implications for development of a biofeedback system. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
298
|
Daria B, Martina C, Alessandro P, Fabio S, Valentina V. Fatigue and recovery: research opportunities in order picking systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
299
|
Bellenger CR, Fuller JT, Thomson RL, Davison K, Robertson EY, Buckley JD. Monitoring Athletic Training Status Through Autonomic Heart Rate Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2017; 46:1461-86. [PMID: 26888648 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic regulation of heart rate (HR) as an indicator of the body's ability to adapt to an exercise stimulus has been evaluated in many studies through HR variability (HRV) and post-exercise HR recovery (HRR). Recently, HR acceleration has also been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of negative adaptations to endurance training (i.e., a period of overreaching leading to attenuated performance) and positive adaptations (i.e., training leading to improved performance) on autonomic HR regulation in endurance-trained athletes. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Academic Search Premier databases from inception until April 2015. Included articles examined the effects of endurance training leading to increased or decreased exercise performance on four measures of autonomic HR regulation: resting and post-exercise HRV [vagal-related indices of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals (RMSSD), high frequency power (HFP) and the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) only], and post-exercise HRR and HR acceleration. RESULTS Of the 5377 records retrieved, 27 studies were included in the systematic review and 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies inducing increases in performance showed small increases in resting RMSSD [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.58; P < 0.001], HFP (SMD = 0.55; P < 0.001) and SD1 (SMD = 0.23; P = 0.16), and moderate increases in post-exercise RMSSD (SMD = 0.60; P < 0.001), HFP (SMD = 0.90; P < 0.04), SD1 (SMD = 1.20; P = 0.04), and post-exercise HRR (SMD = 0.63; P = 0.002). A large increase in HR acceleration (SMD = 1.34) was found in the single study assessing this parameter. Studies inducing decreases in performance showed a small increase in resting RMSSD (SMD = 0.26; P = 0.01), but trivial changes in resting HFP (SMD = 0.04; P = 0.77) and SD1 (SMD = 0.04; P = 0.82). Post-exercise RMSSD (SMD = 0.64; P = 0.04) and HFP (SMD = 0.49; P = 0.18) were increased, as was HRR (SMD = 0.46; P < 0.001), while HR acceleration was decreased (SMD = -0.48; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increases in vagal-related indices of resting and post-exercise HRV, post-exercise HRR, and HR acceleration are evident when positive adaptation to training has occurred, allowing for increases in performance. However, increases in post-exercise HRV and HRR also occur in response to overreaching, demonstrating that additional measures of training tolerance may be required to determine whether training-induced changes in these parameters are related to positive or negative adaptations. Resting HRV is largely unaffected by overreaching, although this may be the result of methodological issues that warrant further investigation. HR acceleration appears to decrease in response to overreaching training, and thus may be a potential indicator of training-induced fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clint R Bellenger
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Thomson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Kade Davison
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Marinho DA, Gil MH, Cardoso Marques M, Barbosa TM, Neiva HP. Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance. Sports Med Int Open 2017; 1:E101-E106. [PMID: 30539093 PMCID: PMC6277235 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of using static or dynamic stretching added to the common warm-up routine for short sprint distances and to repeated sprint performance. In 3 different sessions, 16 college-age men (n=10) and women (n=6) performed one of 3 warm-ups followed by a 2×60 m dash sprint time trial (5 min of rest) in a counterbalanced design. The control warm-up consisted of 10 min of light-intensity running, and the 2 experimental warm-ups included a static or dynamic stretching routine (5 exercises) in the control warm-up. Performance (time) and physiological variables (tympanic temperature, heart rate) were monitored. In the first 60 m time trial, there were no differences between the 3 warm-ups tested (
F
=0.21, p=0.73; η
p2
=0.01), as opposed to that observed in the second (
F
=7.04, p<0.01; η
p2
=0.32). The participants were 1.7% faster after the static stretching warm-up compared with the control warm-up. The sum of the time performed in the 2 sprints emphasizes these results, with better performances after the static stretching warm-up than the control (1%) or dynamic stretching warm-up (0.7%). These results suggest that including a set of static or dynamic stretching exercises may enhance sprinting performance. The better performance in the second trial after the warm-up including static stretching suggests that this type of stretching may positively influence repeated sprint performance (<10 s sprint).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Almeida Marinho
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, Department of Sport Sciences, Covilha, Portugal.,Reserch Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, Department of Sport Sciences, Covilha, Portugal.,Reserch Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - Mario Cardoso Marques
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, Department of Sport Sciences, Covilha, Portugal.,Reserch Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - Tiago Miguel Barbosa
- Reserch Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal.,National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Physical Education & Sports Science Academic Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, Department of Sport Sciences, Covilha, Portugal.,Reserch Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|