251
|
Duong MM, Carmody CM, Ma Q, Peters JE, Nugen SR. Optimization of T4 phage engineering via CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18229. [PMID: 33106580 PMCID: PMC7588440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation hindering the widespread use of synthetic phages in medical and industrial settings is the lack of an efficient phage-engineering platform. Classical T4 phage engineering and several newly proposed methods are often inefficient and time consuming and consequently, only able to produce an inconsistent range of genomic editing rates between 0.03-3%. Here, we review and present new understandings of the CRISPR/Cas9 assisted genome engineering technique that significantly improves the genomic editing rate of T4 phages. Our results indicate that crRNAs selection is a major rate limiting factor in T4 phage engineering via CRISPR/Cas9. We were able to achieve an editing rate of > 99% for multiple genes that functionalizes the phages for further applications. We envision that this improved phage-engineering platform will accelerate the fields of individualized phage therapy, biocontrol, and rapid diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Duong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Caitlin M Carmody
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qinqin Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joseph E Peters
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sam R Nugen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Mourenza Á, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Letek M. Alternative Anti-Infective Treatments to Traditional Antibiotherapy against Staphylococcal Veterinary Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100702. [PMID: 33076497 PMCID: PMC7602553 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Staphylococcus encompasses many species that may be pathogenic to both humans and farm animals. These bacteria have the potential to acquire multiple resistant traits to the antimicrobials currently used in the veterinary or medical settings. These pathogens may commonly cause zoonoses, and the infections they cause are becoming difficult to treat due to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the development of novel alternative treatments to traditional antibiotherapy has gained interest in recent years. Here, we reviewed the most promising therapeutic strategies developed to control staphylococcal infections in the veterinary field to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Mourenza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José A. Gil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luis M. Mateos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Michal Letek
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Kumar SB, Arnipalli SR, Ziouzenkova O. Antibiotics in Food Chain: The Consequences for Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100688. [PMID: 33066005 PMCID: PMC7600537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been used as essential therapeutics for nearly 100 years and, increasingly, as a preventive agent in the agricultural and animal industry. Continuous use and misuse of antibiotics have provoked the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria that progressively increased mortality from multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, thereby posing a tremendous threat to public health. The goal of our review is to advance the understanding of mechanisms of dissemination and the development of antibiotic resistance genes in the context of nutrition and related clinical, agricultural, veterinary, and environmental settings. We conclude with an overview of alternative strategies, including probiotics, essential oils, vaccines, and antibodies, as primary or adjunct preventive antimicrobial measures or therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The solution for antibiotic resistance will require comprehensive and incessant efforts of policymakers in agriculture along with the development of alternative therapeutics by experts in diverse fields of microbiology, biochemistry, clinical research, genetic, and computational engineering.
Collapse
|
254
|
Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kwon J, Lee SB, Chi C, Park SC. Bacteriophage Cocktail for the Prevention of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant and Mono-Phage-Resistant Vibrio coralliilyticus Infection in Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Pathogens 2020; 9:E831. [PMID: 33050639 PMCID: PMC7600342 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus (V. coralliilyticus) is a pathogen that causes mass mortality in marine bivalve hatcheries worldwide. In this study, we used a bacteriophage (phage) cocktail to prevent multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) and phage-resistant (PR) V. coralliilyticus infection in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. To prevent the occurrence of phage-resistant strains and decrease the effect of mono-phage treatment, we prepared a phage cocktail containing three types of V. coralliilyticus-specific phages and tested its prophylactic efficacy against MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus infection. The results of the cell lysis test showed that the phage cocktail showed an excellent bactericidal effect against the MAR and PR variants in contrast to the experimental group treated with two mono phages (pVco-5 and pVco-7). An in vivo test using Pacific oyster larvae also confirmed the preventive effect against MAR and PR variants. In conclusion, the application of the phage cocktail effectively prevented V. coralliilyticus infection in marine bivalve seedling production. Furthermore, it is expected to reduce damage to the aquaculture industry caused by the occurrence of MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus. Therefore, phage cocktails may be used for the control of various bacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Saucedo-Uriarte JA, Honorio-Javes CE, Vallenas-Sánchez YPA, Acuña-Leiva A. Bacteriófagos: aliados para combatir enfermedades bacterianas en acuicultura. Un primer punto de partida en la acuicultura ecológica. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2020.070200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
256
|
Mutalik VK, Adler BA, Rishi HS, Piya D, Zhong C, Koskella B, Kutter EM, Calendar R, Novichkov PS, Price MN, Deutschbauer AM, Arkin AP. High-throughput mapping of the phage resistance landscape in E. coli. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000877. [PMID: 33048924 PMCID: PMC7553319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are critical players in the dynamics and function of microbial communities and drive processes as diverse as global biogeochemical cycles and human health. Phages tend to be predators finely tuned to attack specific hosts, even down to the strain level, which in turn defend themselves using an array of mechanisms. However, to date, efforts to rapidly and comprehensively identify bacterial host factors important in phage infection and resistance have yet to be fully realized. Here, we globally map the host genetic determinants involved in resistance to 14 phylogenetically diverse double-stranded DNA phages using two model Escherichia coli strains (K-12 and BL21) with known sequence divergence to demonstrate strain-specific differences. Using genome-wide loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic technologies, we are able to confirm previously described phage receptors as well as uncover a number of previously unknown host factors that confer resistance to one or more of these phages. We uncover differences in resistance factors that strongly align with the susceptibility of K-12 and BL21 to specific phage. We also identify both phage-specific mechanisms, such as the unexpected role of cyclic-di-GMP in host sensitivity to phage N4, and more generic defenses, such as the overproduction of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide that defends against a wide array of phages. Our results indicate that host responses to phages can occur via diverse cellular mechanisms. Our systematic and high-throughput genetic workflow to characterize phage-host interaction determinants can be extended to diverse bacteria to generate datasets that allow predictive models of how phage-mediated selection will shape bacterial phenotype and evolution. The results of this study and future efforts to map the phage resistance landscape will lead to new insights into the coevolution of hosts and their phage, which can ultimately be used to design better phage therapeutic treatments and tools for precision microbiome engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Mutalik
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Adler
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Harneet S. Rishi
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Designated Emphasis Program in Computational and Genomic Biology, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Denish Piya
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Crystal Zhong
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Richard Calendar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Pavel S. Novichkov
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Morgan N. Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Designated Emphasis Program in Computational and Genomic Biology, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Saucedo-Uriarte JA, Honorio-Javes CE, Vallenas-Sánchez YPA, Acuña-Leiva A. Bacteriophages: allies to combat bacterial diseases in aquaculture. A first starting point in organic aquaculture. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2020.070200107x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
258
|
Santiago AJ, Donlan RM. Bacteriophage Infections of Biofilms of Health Care-Associated Pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae. EcoSal Plus 2020; 9. [PMID: 33118486 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0029-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, are considered both serious and urgent public health threats. Biofilms formed by these health care-associated pathogens can lead to negative and costly health outcomes. The global spread of antibiotic resistance, coupled with increased tolerance to antimicrobial treatments in biofilm-associated bacteria, highlights the need for novel strategies to overcome treatment hurdles. Bacteriophages (phages), or viruses that infect bacteria, have reemerged as one such potential strategy. Virulent phages are capable of infecting and killing their bacterial hosts, in some cases producing depolymerases that are able to hydrolyze biofilms. Phage therapy does have its limitations, however, including potential narrow host ranges, development of bacterial resistance to infection, and the potential spread of phage-encoded virulence genes. That being said, advances in phage isolation, screening, and genome sequencing tools provide an upside in overcoming some of these limitations and open up the possibilities of using phages as effective biofilm control agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J Santiago
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rodney M Donlan
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Challenges & opportunities for phage-based in situ microbiome engineering in the gut. J Control Release 2020; 326:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
260
|
Chegini Z, Khoshbayan A, Taati Moghadam M, Farahani I, Jazireian P, Shariati A. Bacteriophage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: a review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:45. [PMID: 32998720 PMCID: PMC7528332 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that causes infection with a high mortality rate due to resistance to different antibiotics. This bacterium prompts extensive tissue damage with varying factors of virulence, and its biofilm production causes chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Therefore, due to the non-applicability of antibiotics for the destruction of P. aeruginosa biofilm, alternative approaches have been considered by researchers, and phage therapy is one of these new therapeutic solutions. Bacteriophages can be used to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm by destroying the extracellular matrix, increasing the permeability of antibiotics into the inner layer of biofilm, and inhibiting its formation by stopping the quorum-sensing activity. Furthermore, the combined use of bacteriophages and other compounds with anti-biofilm properties such as nanoparticles, enzymes, and natural products can be of more interest because they invade the biofilm by various mechanisms and can be more effective than the one used alone. On the other hand, the use of bacteriophages for biofilm destruction has some limitations such as limited host range, high-density biofilm, sub-populate phage resistance in biofilm, and inhibition of phage infection via quorum sensing in biofilm. Therefore, in this review, we specifically discuss the use of phage therapy for inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm in clinical and in vitro studies to identify different aspects of this treatment for broader use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Khoshbayan
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Farahani
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Parham Jazireian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Montso PK, Mlambo V, Ateba CN. Efficacy of novel phages for control of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli O177 on artificially contaminated beef and their potential to disrupt biofilm formation. Food Microbiol 2020; 94:103647. [PMID: 33279072 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated beef is a prominent source of foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O177. Susceptibility of nine multi-drug resistant E. coli O177 strains against eight individual phages and six phage cocktails was assessed using polystyrene microplate titer plate. Further, 180 beef samples were independently inoculated with E. coli O177 cells in triplicates and treated with eight individual phages and six phage cocktails to determine their efficacy in inhibiting bacteria growth at 4 °C over a 7-day incubation period. Results revealed that all E. coli O177 strains were susceptible to the phages. A significant log reduction in viable E. coli O177 cell counts was observed on beef samples upon phage treatment over the 7-day incubation period. Two individual phages and three phage cocktails reduced E. coli cell counts to levels below the detection limit (1.0 log10 CFU/g). Log reduction of viable E. coli cell counts ranged from 2.10 to 7.81 CFU/g for individual phages and from 2.86 to 7.81 CFU/g for cocktails. Individual phages and phage cocktails inhibited E. coli O177 biofilm formation with phage cocktails showing high efficacy. Furthermore, phage cocktails showed greater efficacy in destroying pre-formed biofilm than individual phages. Based on these findings, we concluded that phage cocktails developed in this study could be used to reduce E. coli O177 contamination and extend the shelf-life of stored raw beef.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela, 1200, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Esmaeil Amini M, Shomali N, Bakhshi A, Rezaei S, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Eslami S, Babaie F, Aslani S, Torkamandi S, Mohammadi H. Gut microbiome and multiple sclerosis: New insights and perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107024. [PMID: 33182024 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota living in the human gastrointestinal tract, has been shown to have a significant impact on several human disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the spinal cord and nerve cells in the brain due to an attack of immune cells, causing a wide range of harmful symptoms related to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite extensive studies on MS that have shown that many external and genetic factors are involved in its pathogenesis, the exact role of external factors in the pathophysiology of MS is still unclear. Recent studies on MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of encephalitis, have shown that intestinal microbiota may play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiome could be a promising strategy for the future treatment of MS. In this study, the characteristics of intestinal microbiota, the relationship between intestine and brain despite the blood-brain barrier, various factors involved in intestinal microbiota modification, changes in intestinal microbial composition in MS, intestinal microbiome modification strategies, and possible use of intestinal microbiome and factors affecting it have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Esmaeil Amini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Bakhshi
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somaye Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements & Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Moo CL, Yang SK, Yusoff K, Ajat M, Thomas W, Abushelaibi A, Lim SHE, Lai KS. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Alternative Approaches to Overcome AMR. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:430-447. [PMID: 30836923 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190304122219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are useful compounds intended to eradicate or stop the growth of harmful microorganisms. The sustained increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide is worrying and poses a major public health threat. The development of new antimicrobial agents is one of the critical approaches to overcome AMR. However, in the race towards developing alternative approaches to combat AMR, it appears that the scientific community is falling behind when pitched against the evolutionary capacity of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Although the "pioneering strategy" of discovering completely new drugs is a rational approach, the time and effort taken are considerable, the process of drug development could instead be expedited if efforts were concentrated on enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobials through: combination therapies; bacteriophage therapy; antimicrobial adjuvants therapy or the application of nanotechnology. This review will briefly detail the causes and mechanisms of AMR as background, and then provide insights into a novel, future emerging or evolving strategies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to tackle the progression of AMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chew-Li Moo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shun-Kai Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Warren Thomas
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Perdana University, MAEPS Building, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Abushelaibi
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swee-Hua-Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Xi H, He D, Li D, Liu SS, Wang G, Ji Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Bi L, Zhao R, Zhang H, Yang L, Guo Z, Han W, Gu J. Bacteriophage Protects Against Aerococcus viridans Infection in a Murine Mastitis Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588. [PMID: 33005648 PMCID: PMC7485434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease that occurs frequently in early lactation or the dry period, is primarily caused by bacterial infections. There is growing evidence that Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) is becoming an important cause of bovine mastitis. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics, which not only leads to a large economic burden but also the development of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, bacteriophages present a promising alternative treatment strategy. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential of a previously isolated A. viridans phage vB_AviM_AVP (AVP) as an anti-mastitis agent in an experimental A. viridans-induced murine mastitis model. A. viridans N14 was isolated from the milk of clinical bovine mastitis and used to establish a mastitis model in mice. We demonstrated that administration of phage AVP significantly reduced colony formation by A. viridans and alleviated damage to breast tissue. In addition, reduced inflammation was indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the phage-treated group compared to those in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show the potential use of phages as a treatment for A. viridans-induced mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dali He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanting Bi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Sheam MM, Syed SB, Nain Z, Tang SS, Paul DK, Ahmed KR, Biswas SK. Community-acquired pneumonia: aetiology, antibiotic resistance and prospects of phage therapy. J Chemother 2020; 32:395-410. [PMID: 32820711 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1807231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are the most common aetiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and use a variety of mechanisms to evade the host immune system. With the emerging antibiotic resistance, CAP-causing bacteria have now become resistant to most antibiotics. Consequently, significant morbimortality is attributed to CAP despite their varying rates depending on the clinical setting in which the patients being treated. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a safe and effective alternative or supplement to conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophages could be a ray of hope as they are specific in killing their host bacteria. Several bacteriophages had been identified that can efficiently parasitize bacteria related to CAP infection and have shown a promising protective effect. Thus, bacteriophages have shown immense possibilities against CAP inflicted by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review provides an overview of common antibiotic-resistant CAP bacteria with a comprehensive summarization of the promising bacteriophage candidates for prospective phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Moinuddin Sheam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Shifath Bin Syed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Swee-Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Central Laboratory, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Central Laboratory, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Moreira LG, Almeida AM, Camacho SA, Estevão BM, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Chain Cleavage of Bioinspired Bacterial Membranes Photoinduced by Eosin Decyl Ester. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9578-9585. [PMID: 32672975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for bacterial inactivation since cellular internalization of photosensitizers (PS) is not crucial for the treatment effectiveness. Photoinduced damage in the lipid envelope may already induce microbial inactivation, which requires PS capable of easily penetrating into the membrane. Herein, we report on the insertion of the PS eosin decyl ester (EosDec) into Langmuir films of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), and cardiolipin (CLP) used as mimetic systems of bacterial membranes. Surface pressure isotherms and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) indicated that the hydrophobic nature of EosDec favored deeper penetration in all the phospholipid monolayers. The incorporation of EosDec led to monolayer expansion, especially in the anionic DOPG and CLP owing to repulsive electrostatic interactions, and induced disorder in the lipid chains. Light irradiation of DOPE, DOPG, and CLP monolayers containing EosDec increased the rate of material loss to the subphase, which is attributed to cleavage of lipid chains triggered by contact-dependent reactions between excited states of EosDec and lipid unsaturations. The latter is key for membrane permeabilization and efficiency in microbial inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G Moreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Almeida
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina A Camacho
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bianca M Estevão
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- IFSC, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro H B Aoki
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Ting SY, Martínez-García E, Huang S, Bertolli SK, Kelly KA, Cutler KJ, Su ED, Zhi H, Tang Q, Radey MC, Raffatellu M, Peterson SB, de Lorenzo V, Mougous JD. Targeted Depletion of Bacteria from Mixed Populations by Programmable Adhesion with Antagonistic Competitor Cells. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:313-321.e6. [PMID: 32470328 PMCID: PMC7725374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective and targeted removal of individual species or strains of bacteria from complex communities can be desirable over traditional, broadly acting antibacterials in several contexts. However, generalizable strategies that accomplish this with high specificity have been slow to emerge. Here we develop programmed inhibitor cells (PICs) that direct the potent antibacterial activity of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) against specified target cells. The PICs express surface-displayed nanobodies that mediate antigen-specific cell-cell adhesion to effectively overcome the barrier to T6SS activity in fluid conditions. We demonstrate the capacity of PICs to efficiently deplete low-abundance target bacteria without significant collateral damage to complex microbial communities. The only known requirements for PIC targeting are a Gram-negative cell envelope and a unique cell surface antigen; therefore, this approach should be generalizable to a wide array of bacteria and find application in medical, research, and environmental settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- See-Yeun Ting
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Savannah K Bertolli
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katherine A Kelly
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kevin J Cutler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Su
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hui Zhi
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew C Radey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Brook Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- System Biology Program, National Center of Biotechnology CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph D Mougous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Zeng Z, Salmond GPC. Bacteriophage host range evolution through engineered enrichment bias, exploiting heterologous surface receptor expression. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5207-5221. [PMID: 32776385 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on the initial phage-host interaction has been conducted on a limited repertoire of phages and their cognate receptors, such as phage λ and the Escherichia coli LamB (EcLamB) protein. Apart from phage λ, little is known about other phages that target EcLamB. Here, we developed a simple method for isolating novel environmental phages in a predictable way, i.e. isolating phages that target a particular receptor(s) of a bacterium, in this case, the EcLamB protein. A plasmid (pMUT13) encoding the EcLamB porin was transferred into three different enterobacterial genera. By enrichment with these engineered bacteria, a number of phages (ZZ phages) that targeted EcLamB were easily isolated from the environment. Interestingly, although EcLamB-dependent in their recombinant heterologous hosts, these newly isolated ZZ phages also targeted OmpC as an alternative receptor when infecting E. coli. Moreover, the phage host range was readily extended within three different bacterial genera with heterologously expressed EcLamB. Unlike phage λ, which is a member of the Siphoviridae family, these newly isolated EcLamB-dependent phages were more commonly members of the Myoviridae family, based on transmission electron microscopy and genomic sequences. Modifications of this convenient and efficient phage enrichment method could be useful for the discovery of novel phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
269
|
Sieiro C, Areal-Hermida L, Pichardo-Gallardo Á, Almuiña-González R, de Miguel T, Sánchez S, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Villa TG. A Hundred Years of Bacteriophages: Can Phages Replace Antibiotics in Agriculture and Aquaculture? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E493. [PMID: 32784768 PMCID: PMC7460141 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture, together with aquaculture, supplies most of the foodstuffs required by the world human population to survive. Hence, bacterial diseases affecting either agricultural crops, fish, or shellfish not only cause large economic losses to producers but can even create food shortages, resulting in malnutrition, or even famine, in vulnerable populations. Years of antibiotic use in the prevention and the treatment of these infections have greatly contributed to the emergence and the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review addresses the urgent need for alternative strategies for the use of antibiotics, focusing on the use of bacteriophages (phages) as biocontrol agents. Phages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; they are highly host-specific and represent an environmentally-friendly alternative to antibiotics to control and kill pathogenic bacteria. The information evaluated here highlights the effectiveness of phages in the control of numerous major pathogens that affect both agriculture and aquaculture, with special emphasis on scientific and technological aspects still requiring further development to establish phagotherapy as a real universal alternative to antibiotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sieiro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Lara Areal-Hermida
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Ángeles Pichardo-Gallardo
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Raquel Almuiña-González
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Microbiology Area, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (L.A.-H.); (Á.P.-G.); (R.A.-G.)
| | - Trinidad de Miguel
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydnay NSN 2006, Australia;
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 5706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (T.d.M.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Zheng H, Shi C, Luo H, Fan L, Yang Z, Hu X, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Hu Z, Fan Y, Yang J, Mao C, Xu Y. α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease: Does a Prion-Like Mechanism of Propagation from Periphery to the Brain Play a Role? Neuroscientist 2020; 27:367-387. [PMID: 32729773 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420943180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, defined as motor and non-motor symptoms associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and a decreased release of dopamine (DA). Currently, PD patients are believed to have a neuropathological basis denoted by the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites (LNs), which mostly comprise α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions. Remarkably, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the inclusions undergo template-directed aggregation and propagation via template-directed among the brain and peripheral organs, mainly in a prion-like manner. Interestingly, some studies reported that an integral loop was reminiscent of the mechanism of Parkinson's disease, denoting that α-syn as prionoid was transmitted from the periphery to the brain via specific pathways. Also the systematic life cycle of α-syn in the cellular level is illustrated. In this review, we critically assess landmark evidence in the field of Parkinson's disease with a focus on the genesis and prion-like propagation of the α-syn pathology. The anatomical and cell-to-cell evidences are discussed to depict the theory behind the propagation and transferred pathways. Furthermore, we highlight effective therapeutic perspectives and clinical trials targeting prion-like mechanisms. Major controversies surrounding this topic are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinchao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Adesanya O, Oduselu T, Akin-Ajani O, Adewumi OM, Ademowo OG. An exegesis of bacteriophage therapy: An emerging player in the fight against anti-microbial resistance. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:204-230. [PMID: 33134741 PMCID: PMC7595837 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (simply referred to as Phages) are a class of viruses with the ability to infect and kill prokaryotic cells (bacteria), but are unable to infect mammalian cells. This unique ability to achieve specific infectiousness by bacteriophages has been harnessed in antibacterial treatments dating back almost a decade before the antibiotic era began. Bacteriophages were used as therapeutic agents in treatment of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae as far back as 1919 and in the experimental treatment of a wide variety of other bacterial infections caused by Vibriocholerae, Staphylococcussp., Pseudomonas sp. etc, with varying degrees of success. Phage therapy and its many prospects soon fell out of favour in western medicine after the Second World War, with the discovery of penicillin. The Soviet Union and other countries in Eastern Europe however mastered the craft of bacteriophage isolation, purification and cocktail preparation, with phage-based therapeutics becoming widely available over-the-counter. With the recent rise in cases of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, the clamour for a return to phage therapy, as a potential solution to the anti-microbial resistance (AMR) crisis has grown louder. This review provides an extensive exposé on phage therapy, addressing its historical use, evidences of its safety and efficacy, its pros and cons when compared with antibiotics, cases of compassionate use for treating life-threatening antibiotic-resistant infections, the limitations to its acceptance and how these may be circumvented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tolulope Oduselu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olubusuyi M Adewumi
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, Vaughan L, Woodman R, Fitridge R, Mitchell JG, Speck P. Efficacy of phage cocktail AB-SA01 therapy in diabetic mouse wound infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32646376 PMCID: PMC7346408 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from DFU infections. Bacteriophages (phages) represent an alternative or adjunct treatment to antibiotic therapy. Here we describe the efficacy of AB-SA01, a cocktail of three S. aureus Myoviridae phages, made to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards, and which has undergone two phase I clinical trials, in treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus infections. RESULTS Wounds of saline-treated mice showed no healing, but expanded and became inflamed, ulcerated, and suppurating. In contrast, AB-SA01 treatment decreased the bacterial load with efficacy similar or superior to vancomycin treatment. At the end of the treatment period, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in bacterial load and wound size in infected phage- and vancomycin-treated groups compared with infected saline-treated mice. In phage-treated mice, wound healing was seen similar to vancomycin treatment. No mortality was recorded associated with infections, and post-mortem examinations did not show any evident pathological lesions other than the skin wounds. No adverse effects related to the application of phages were observed. CONCLUSION Topical application of phage cocktail AB-SA01 is effective, as shown by bacterial load reduction and wound closure, in the treatment of diabetic wound infections caused by MDR S. aureus. Our results suggest that topical phage cocktail treatment may be effective in treating antibiotic-resistant S. aureus DFU infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Legesse Garedew Kifelew
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Morgyn S Warner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Morales
- AmpliPhi Biosciences Corporation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lewis Vaughan
- Research Development and Support, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Fitridge
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James G Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Speck
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Mizuno CM, Luong T, Cederstrom R, Krupovic M, Debarbieux L, Roach DR. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages That Infect Citrobacter rodentium, a Model Pathogen for Intestinal Diseases. Viruses 2020; 12:E737. [PMID: 32650458 PMCID: PMC7412075 DOI: 10.3390/v12070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major pathogen for diarrheal diseases among children. Antibiotics, when used appropriately, are effective; however, their overuse and misuse have led to the rise of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Thus, there are renewed efforts into the development of phage therapy as an alternative antibacterial therapy. Because EPEC in vivo models have shortcomings, a surrogate is used to study the mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium in animal models. In this study, two new phages CrRp3 and CrRp10, which infect C. rodentium, were isolated and characterized. CrRp3 was found to be a new species within the genus Vectrevirus, and CrRp10 is a new strain within the species Escherichia virus Ime09, in the genus Tequatrovirus. Both phages appear to have independently evolved from E. coli phages, rather than other Citrobacter spp. phages. Neither phage strain carries known genes associated with bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogeny. CrRp3 is more potent, having a 24-fold faster adsorption rate and shorter lytic cycle when compared to the same properties of CrRp10. However, a lysis curve analysis revealed that CrRp10 prevented growth of C. rodentium for 18 h, whereas resistance developed against CrRp3 within 9 h. We also show that hypoxic (5% oxygen) conditions decreased CrRp3 ability to control bacterial densities in culture. In contrast, low oxygen conditions did not affect CrRp10 ability to replicate on C. rodentium. Together, CrRp10 is likely to be the better candidate for future phage therapy investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M. Mizuno
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.M.M.); (M.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (T.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Robert Cederstrom
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (T.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.M.M.); (M.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Debarbieux
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.M.M.); (M.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Dwayne R. Roach
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (T.L.); (R.C.)
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Puccetti M, Xiroudaki S, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Postbiotic-Enabled Targeting of the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface: Hints of Antibiotic Decline? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 32635461 PMCID: PMC7408102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismanagement of bacterial infection therapies has undermined the reliability and efficacy of antibiotic treatments, producing a profound crisis of the antibiotic drug market. It is by now clear that tackling deadly infections demands novel strategies not only based on the mere toxicity of anti-infective compounds. Host-directed therapies have been the first example as novel treatments with alternate success. Nevertheless, recent advances in the human microbiome research have provided evidence that compounds produced by the microbial metabolism, namely postbiotics, can have significant impact on human health. Such compounds target the host-microbe-pathogen interface rescuing biotic and immune unbalances as well as inflammation, thus providing novel therapeutic opportunities. This work discusses critically, through literature review and personal contributions, these novel nonantibiotic treatment strategies for infectious disease management and resistance prevention, which could represent a paradigm change rocking the foundation of current antibiotic therapy tenets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.X.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Venturini C, Ben Zakour NL, Bowring B, Morales S, Cole R, Kovach Z, Branston S, Kettle E, Thomson N, Iredell JR. Fine capsule variation affects bacteriophage susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258. FASEB J 2020; 34:10801-10817. [PMID: 32598522 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902735r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) carbapenemase-producing (CP) Klebsiella pneumoniae, belonging to clonal group CG258, is capable of causing severe disease in humans and is classified as an urgent threat by health agencies worldwide. Bacteriophages are being actively explored as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. In an effort to define a robust experimental approach for effective selection of lytic viruses for therapy, we have fully characterized the genomes of 18 Kumoniae target strains and tested them against novel lytic bacteriophages (n = 65). The genomes of K pneumoniae carrying blaNDM and blaKPC were sequenced and CG258 isolates selected for bacteriophage susceptibility testing. The local K pneumoniae CG258 population was dominated by sequence type ST258 clade 1 (86%) with variations in capsular locus (cps) and prophage content. CG258-specific bacteriophages primarily targeted the capsule, but successful infection is also likely blocked in some by immunity conferred by existing prophages. Five tailed bacteriophages against K pneumoniae ST258 clade 1 were selected for further characterization. Our findings show that effective control of K pneumoniae CG258 with bacteriophage will require mixes of diverse lytic viruses targeting relevant cps variants and allowing for variable prophage content. These insights will facilitate identification and selection of therapeutic bacteriophage candidates against this serious pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Venturini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nouri L Ben Zakour
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bethany Bowring
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Robert Cole
- AmpliPhi Australia Pty Ltd, Brookvale, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Emma Kettle
- Westmead Research Hub Electron Microscope Core Facility, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Westmead, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Manohar P, Loh B, Athira S, Nachimuthu R, Hua X, Welburn SC, Leptihn S. Secondary Bacterial Infections During Pulmonary Viral Disease: Phage Therapeutics as Alternatives to Antibiotics? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1434. [PMID: 32733404 PMCID: PMC7358648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections manifest during or after a viral infection(s) and can lead to negative outcomes and sometimes fatal clinical complications. Research and development of clinical interventions is largely focused on the primary pathogen, with research on any secondary infection(s) being neglected. Here we highlight the impact of secondary bacterial infections and in particular those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains, on disease outcomes. We describe possible non-antibiotic treatment options, when small molecule drugs have no effect on the bacterial pathogen and explore the potential of phage therapy and phage-derived therapeutic proteins and strategies in treating secondary bacterial infections, including their application in combination with chemical antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Manohar
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Belinda Loh
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Sudarsanan Athira
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ramesh Nachimuthu
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susan C Welburn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Li G, Leung CY, Wardi Y, Debarbieux L, Weitz JS. Optimizing the Timing and Composition of Therapeutic Phage Cocktails: A Control-Theoretic Approach. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:75. [PMID: 32533350 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that infect bacteria, i.e., bacteriophage or 'phage,' are increasingly considered as treatment options for the control and clearance of bacterial infections, particularly as compassionate use therapy for multi-drug-resistant infections. In practice, clinical use of phage often involves the application of multiple therapeutic phage, either together or sequentially. However, the selection and timing of therapeutic phage delivery remains largely ad hoc. In this study, we evaluate principles underlying why careful application of multiple phage (i.e., a 'cocktail') might lead to therapeutic success in contrast to the failure of single-strain phage therapy to control an infection. First, we use a nonlinear dynamics model of within-host interactions to show that a combination of fast intra-host phage decay, evolution of phage resistance amongst bacteria, and/or compromised immune response might limit the effectiveness of single-strain phage therapy. To resolve these problems, we combine dynamical modeling of phage, bacteria, and host immune cell populations with control-theoretic principles (via optimal control theory) to devise evolutionarily robust phage cocktails and delivery schedules to control the bacterial populations. Our numerical results suggest that optimal administration of single-strain phage therapy may be sufficient for curative outcomes in immunocompetent patients, but may fail in immunodeficient hosts due to phage resistance. We show that optimized treatment with a two-phage cocktail that includes a counter-resistant phage can restore therapeutic efficacy in immunodeficient hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chung Yin Leung
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yorai Wardi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Joshua S Weitz
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Wong CW, Delaquis P, Goodridge L, Lévesque RC, Fong K, Wang S. Inactivation of Salmonella enterica on post-harvest cantaloupe and lettuce by a lytic bacteriophage cocktail. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 2:25-32. [PMID: 32914108 PMCID: PMC7473338 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a causative agent of multiple outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with fresh produce, including pre-cut melon and leafy vegetables. Current industrial antimicrobial interventions have been shown to reduce microbial populations by <90%. Consequently, bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative to chemical sanitizers. Seven S. enterica strains from four serovars (105 CFU/mL) were separately inoculated onto excised pieces of Romaine lettuce leaf and cantaloupe flesh treated with a five-strain bacteriophage cocktail 24 h before S. enterica inoculation. S. enterica, total aerobic populations and water activity were measured immediately after inoculation and after 1 and 2 days of incubation at 8 °C. The efficacy of the bacteriophage cocktail varied between strains. Populations of S. enterica Enteritidis strain S3, S. Javiana S203, S. Javiana S200 were reduced by > 3 log CFU/g and S. Newport S2 by 1 log CFU/g on both lettuce and cantaloupe tissues at all sampling times. In contrast, populations of strains S. Thompson S193 and S194 were reduced by 2 log CFU/g on day 0 on lettuce, but were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the controls thereafter, S. Newport S195 populations were reduced on lettuce by 1 log CFU/g on day 0 and no reductions were found on cantaloupe tissue. Both aerobic populations and water activity were higher on cantaloupe than on lettuce. The water activity of lettuce decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 0.845 ± 0.027 on day 0-0.494 ± 0.022 on day 1, but that of cantaloupe remained between 0.977 and 0.993 from day 0-2. The results of this study showed that bacteriophages can reduce S. enterica populations on lettuce and cantaloupe tissues but that the magnitude of the effect was strain-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W.Y. Wong
- Department of Food Science, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger C. Lévesque
- Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karen Fong
- Department of Food Science, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Li M, Shi D, Li Y, Xiao Y, Chen M, Chen L, Du H, Zhang W. Recombination of T4-like Phages and Its Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms. Virol Sin 2020; 35:651-661. [PMID: 32451882 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become a global concern, primarily due to the limitation of antimicrobial treatment options. Phage therapy has been considered as a promising alternative for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant E. coli. However, the application of phages as a promising antimicrobial agent is limited by their narrow host range and specificity. In this research, a recombinant T4-like phage, named WGqlae, has been obtained by changing the receptor specificity determinant region of gene 37, using a homologous recombination platform of T4-like phages established by our laboratory previously. The engineered phage WGqlae can lyse four additional hosts, comparing to its parental phages WG01 and QL01. WGqlae showed similar characteristics, including thermo and pH stability, optimal multiplicity of infection and one-step growth curve, to the donor phage QL01. In addition, sequencing results showed that gene 37 of recombinant phage WGqlae had genetically stable even after 20 generations. In planktonic test, phage WGqlae had significant antimicrobial effects on E. coli DE192 and DE205B. The optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of E. coli in phage WGqlae treating group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Besides, phage WGqlae demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation and the clearance of mature biofilms. Our study suggested that engineered phages may be promising candidates for future phage therapy applications against pathogenic E. coli in planktonic and biofilm forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Donglin Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack-Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Brix A, Cafora M, Aureli M, Pistocchi A. Animal Models to Translate Phage Therapy to Human Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103715. [PMID: 32466194 PMCID: PMC7279175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagotherapy, the use of bacteriophages to fight bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotic treatments, has become of increasing interest in the last years. This is mainly due to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections that constitute a serious issue for public health. Phage therapy is gaining favor due to its success in agriculture and veterinary treatments and its extensive utilization for human therapeutic protocols in the Eastern world. In the last decades, some clinical trials and compassionate treatments have also been performed in the Western world, indicating that phage therapy is getting closer to its introduction in standard therapy protocols. However, several questions concerning the use of phages in human therapeutic treatments are still present and need to be addressed. In this review, we illustrate the state of art of phage therapy and examine the role of animal models to translate these treatments to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Brix
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (M.A.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090 Milano, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Ferriol-González C, Domingo-Calap P. Phages for Biofilm Removal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050268. [PMID: 32455536 PMCID: PMC7277876 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are clusters of bacteria that live in association with surfaces. Their main characteristic is that the bacteria inside the biofilms are attached to other bacterial cells and to the surface by an extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms are capable of adhering to a wide variety of surfaces, both biotic and abiotic, including human tissues, medical devices, and other materials. On these surfaces, biofilms represent a major threat causing infectious diseases and economic losses. In addition, current antibiotics and common disinfectants have shown limited ability to remove biofilms adequately, and phage-based treatments are proposed as promising alternatives for biofilm eradication. This review analyzes the main advantages and challenges that phages can offer for the elimination of biofilms, as well as the most important factors to be taken into account in order to design effective phage-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, ISysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46910 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-261
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Tkhilaishvili T, Wang L, Perka C, Trampuz A, Gonzalez Moreno M. Using Bacteriophages as a Trojan Horse to the Killing of Dual-Species Biofilm Formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:695. [PMID: 32351494 PMCID: PMC7174619 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are pathogens able to colonize surfaces and form together a mixed biofilm. Dual-species biofilms are significantly more resistant to antimicrobials than a monomicrobial community, leading to treatment failure. Due to their rapid bactericidal activity, the self-amplification ability and the biofilm degrading properties, bacteriophages represent a promising therapeutic option in fighting biofilm-related infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of either the simultaneous or staggered application of commercially available phages and ciprofloxacin versus S. aureus/P. aeruginosa dual-species biofilms in vitro. Biofilms were grown on porous glass beads and analyzed over time. Different techniques such as microcalorimetry, sonication and scanning electron microscopy were combined for the evaluation of anti-biofilm activities. Both bacterial species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and to phages in their planktonic form of growth. Ciprofloxacin tested alone against biofilms required high concentration ranging from 256 to >512 mg/L to show an inhibitory effect, whereas phages alone showed good and moderate activity against MRSA biofilms and dual-species biofilms, respectively, but low activity against P. aeruginosa biofilms. The combination of ciprofloxacin with phages showed a remarkable improvement in the anti-biofilm activity of both antimicrobials with complete eradication of dual-species biofilms after staggered exposure to Pyophage or Pyophage + Staphylococcal phage for 12 h followed by 1 mg/L of ciprofloxacin, a dose achievable by intravenous or oral antibiotic administration. Our study provides also valuable data regarding not only dosage but also an optimal time of antimicrobial exposure, which is crucial in the implementation of combined therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamta Tkhilaishvili
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez Moreno
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Petrovic Fabijan A, Khalid A, Maddocks S, Ho J, Gilbey T, Sandaradura I, Lin RCY, Ben Zakour N, Venturini C, Bowring B, Iredell JR. Phage therapy for severe bacterial infections: a narrative review. Med J Aust 2020; 212:279-285. [PMID: 31587298 PMCID: PMC9545287 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is re-emerging a century after it began. Activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens and a lack of serious side effects make phage therapy an attractive treatment option in refractory bacterial infections. Phages are highly specific for their bacterial targets, but the relationship between in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy remains to be rigorously evaluated. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of phage therapy are generally based on the classic predator-prey relationship, but numerous other factors contribute to phage clearance and optimal dosing strategies remain unclear. Combinations of fully characterised, exclusively lytic phages prepared under good manufacturing practice are limited in their availability. Safety has been demonstrated but randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrovic Fabijan
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
| | - Ali Khalid
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
| | - Susan Maddocks
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
- Westmead HospitalSydneyNSW
| | - Josephine Ho
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
- Westmead HospitalSydneyNSW
| | | | - Indy Sandaradura
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
| | - Ruby CY Lin
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
| | - Nouri Ben Zakour
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
| | - Carola Venturini
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
- University of SydneySydneyNSW
| | - Bethany Bowring
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydneyNSW
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyWestmead HospitalSydneyNSW
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Reuter M, Kruger DH. Approaches to optimize therapeutic bacteriophage and bacteriophage-derived products to combat bacterial infections. Virus Genes 2020; 56:136-149. [PMID: 32036540 PMCID: PMC7223754 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens leads to a recollection of bacteriophage as antimicrobial therapeutics. This article presents a short overview of the clinical phage application including their use in military medicine and discusses the genotypic and phenotypic properties of a potential "ideal" therapeutic phage. We describe current efforts to engineer phage for their improved usability in pathogen treatment. In addition, phage can be applied for pathogen detection, selective drug delivery, vaccine development, or food and surface decontamination. Instead of viable phage, (engineered) phage-derived enzymes, such as polysaccharide depolymerases or peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes, are considered as promising therapeutic candidates. Finally, we briefly summarize the use of phage for the detection and treatment of "Category A priority pathogens".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Reuter
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H. Kruger
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Chakrabarti AK, Biswas A, Tewari DN, Mondal PP, Dutta S. Phage Types of Vibrio cholerae 01 Biotype ElTor Strains Isolated from India during 2012-2017. J Glob Infect Dis 2020; 12:94-100. [PMID: 32773997 PMCID: PMC7384690 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_42_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholera is a primordial disease caused by Vibrio cholerae which existed from centuries in different parts of the world and still shows its periodic, endemic and epidemic presence. Thousands of cholera cases are reported from different parts of India and the disease remains endemic throughout the year. At present, we do not have enough knowledge about the phenotypic nature of the circulating V. cholerae strains in this part of the world. Objectives This study was carried out over a period of 6 years with the aim defer with the changes in the prevalence and distribution of biotypes, serotypes and phage types of V. cholerae clinical isolates from various endemic regions of the country to determine phenotypic characteristics of the circulating strains and also to predict the attributes of cholera strains responsible for causing significant outbreaks in future. Materials and Methods A total of 1882 V.cholerae O1 isolates from different cholera endemic areas of India were included in this study. V.cholerae strains which were identified as O1 biotype ElTor further analyzed for serotype and phage types using the standard methodologies. Polyvalent O1 and monospecific Inaba and Ogawa antisera were used for serotyping. A panel of five phages of Basu and Mukherjee phage typing scheme and five phages from the new phage typing scheme were used for phage typing analysis following standard methodology. Results Maximum numbers of strains were isolated from cholera-endemic states like Gujarat and Maharashtra. All the isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae O1 biotype ElTor and majority of them were serotype Ogawa (93.2%). New phage typing scheme resulted in almost 100% typeable V. cholerae O1 strains included in this study and phage type 27 was the predominant type. Although 80% of the strains used in this study were sensitive to all the vibrio phages, S5 phage was found most efficient in lysing cholera strains indicating its broader host range. Conclusion The current study identified phage type 27 as the most dominant type and serotype Ogawa was found continuous in circulation throughout the year which has caused recent cholera outbreaks in India during the past years. Phage sensitivity data propose an alternative cost-effective approach to prevent cholera outbreak by therapeutic uses of typing phages irrespective of origin or clonality of the strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Chakrabarti
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Biswas
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra Nath Tewari
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Pratim Mondal
- Division of Virology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR - National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Melo LDR, Oliveira H, Pires DP, Dabrowska K, Azeredo J. Phage therapy efficacy: a review of the last 10 years of preclinical studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:78-99. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1729695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís D. R. Melo
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana P. Pires
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Krystyna Dabrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
Pinto AM, Cerqueira MA, Bañobre-Lópes M, Pastrana LM, Sillankorva S. Bacteriophages for Chronic Wound Treatment: from Traditional to Novel Delivery Systems. Viruses 2020; 12:E235. [PMID: 32093349 PMCID: PMC7077204 DOI: 10.3390/v12020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment and management of chronic wounds presents a massive financial burden for global health care systems, with significant and disturbing consequences for the patients affected. These wounds remain challenging to treat, reduce the patients' life quality, and are responsible for a high percentage of limb amputations and many premature deaths. The presence of bacterial biofilms hampers chronic wound therapy due to the high tolerance of biofilm cells to many first- and second-line antibiotics. Due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant and multidrug-resistant pathogens in these types of wounds, the research for alternative and complementary therapeutic approaches has increased. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy, discovered in the early 1900s, has been revived in the last few decades due to its antibacterial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. Its use in the treatment of non-healing wounds has shown promising outcomes. In this review, we focus on the societal problems of chronic wounds, describe both the history and ongoing clinical trials of chronic wound-related treatments, and also outline experiments carried out for efficacy evaluation with different phage-host systems using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo animal models. We also describe the modern and most recent delivery systems developed for the incorporation of phages for species-targeted antibacterial control while protecting them upon exposure to harsh conditions, increasing the shelf life and facilitating storage of phage-based products. In this review, we also highlight the advances in phage therapy regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Pinto
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.A.C.); (M.B.-L.); (L.M.P.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO—Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.A.C.); (M.B.-L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Manuel Bañobre-Lópes
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.A.C.); (M.B.-L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo M. Pastrana
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.A.C.); (M.B.-L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (M.A.C.); (M.B.-L.); (L.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Ushanov L, Lasareishvili B, Janashia I, Zautner AE. Application of Campylobacter jejuni Phages: Challenges and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E279. [PMID: 32054081 PMCID: PMC7070343 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant and diverse biological entities in the biosphere. Due to the rise of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains during the past decade, phages are currently experiencing a renewed interest. Bacteriophages and their derivatives are being actively researched for their potential in the medical and biotechnology fields. Phage applications targeting pathogenic food-borne bacteria are currently being utilized for decontamination and therapy of live farm animals and as a biocontrol measure at the post-harvest level. For this indication, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several phage products targeting Listeria sp., Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Phage-based applications against Campylobacter jejuni could potentially be used in ways similar to those against Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp.; however, only very few Campylobacter phage products have been approved anywhere to date. The research on Campylobacter phages conducted thus far indicates that highly diverse subpopulations of C. jejuni as well as phage isolation and enrichment procedures influence the specificity and efficacy of Campylobacter phages. This review paper emphasizes conclusions from previous findings instrumental in facilitating isolation of Campylobacter phages and improving specificity and efficacy of the isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Ushanov
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Besarion Lasareishvili
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia; (L.U.); (B.L.)
| | - Irakli Janashia
- Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Cepko LCS, Garling EE, Dinsdale MJ, Scott WP, Bandy L, Nice T, Faber-Hammond J, Mellies JL. Myoviridae phage PDX kills enteroaggregative Escherichia coli without human microbiome dysbiosis. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:309-323. [PMID: 32011231 PMCID: PMC7431101 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Bacteriophage therapy can be developed to target emerging diarrhoeal pathogens, but doing so in the absence of microbiome disruption, which occurs with antibiotic treatment, has not been established.Aim. Identify a therapeutic bacteriophage that kills diarrhoeagenic enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) while leaving the human microbiome intact.Methodology. Phages from wastewater in Portland, OR, USA were screened for bacteriolytic activity by overlay assay. One isolated phage, PDX, was classified by electron microscopy and genome sequencing. A mouse model of infection determined whether the phage was therapeutic against EAEC. 16S metagenomic analysis of anaerobic cultures determined whether a normal human microbiome was altered by treatment.Results. Escherichia virus PDX, a member of the strictly lytic family Myoviridae, killed a case-associated EAEC isolate from a child in rural Tennessee in a dose-dependent manner, and killed EAEC isolates from Columbian children. A single dose of PDX (multiplicity of infection: 100) 1 day post-infection reduced EAEC recovered from mouse faeces. PDX also killed EAEC when cultured anaerobically in the presence of human faecal bacteria. While the addition of EAEC reduced the β-diversity of the human microbiota, that of the cultures with either faeces alone, faeces with EAEC and PDX, or with just PDX phage was not different statistically.Conclusion. PDX killed EAEC isolate EN1E-0007 in vivo and in vitro, while not altering the diversity of normal human microbiota in anaerobic culture, and thus could be part of an effective therapy for children in developing countries and those suffering from EAEC-mediated traveller's diarrhoea without causing dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C S Cepko
- 320 Longwood Avenue, Enders Building, Department of Infectious Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eliotte E Garling
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Madeline J Dinsdale
- Biology Department, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - William P Scott
- Biology Department, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Loralee Bandy
- Biology Department, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Tim Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joshua Faber-Hammond
- Biology Department, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| | - Jay L Mellies
- Biology Department, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd, Portland, OR, 97202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Morrisette T, Kebriaei R, Lev KL, Morales S, Rybak MJ. Bacteriophage Therapeutics: A Primer for Clinicians on Phage-Antibiotic Combinations. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:153-168. [PMID: 31872889 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant organisms have caused a marked depletion of effective antimicrobials, and the narrow pipeline of antibiotics has demanded the need to find novel therapeutic alternatives including nonantibiotic agents. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that use the bacterial machinery to infect, replicate, and kill bacterial cells. Although a marked decline in their use was driven by the discovery of antibiotics, the era of antibiotic resistance has led to a resurgence of phage therapy into clinical practice. The term phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) was coined just over a decade ago and described that sublethal concentrations of antibiotics could stimulate phage production by bacterial cells. Recent literature has described PAS and other encouraging interactions with various phage and antibiotic combinations against a variety of bacterial strains. The primary objective of this review is to discuss the positive interactions between phage and antibiotic combinations, with an emphasis on PAS, reductions in bacterial growth or minimum inhibitory concentrations, enhanced biofilm eradication, and alterations in the emergence of bacterial resistance. A peer-reviewed literature search was conducted (1890-2019) using the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Although more investigation is certainly needed, the combination of bacteriophages with antibiotics is a promising strategy to target organisms with limited or no therapeutic options. This approach may also foster the ability to lower the antibiotic dose and may reduce the potential for antibiotic resistance emergence during therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Morrisette
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katherine L Lev
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Michael J Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacy, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Abd El-Aziz AM, Elgaml A, Ali YM. Bacteriophage Therapy Increases Complement-Mediated Lysis of Bacteria and Enhances Bacterial Clearance After Acute Lung Infection With Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1439-1447. [PMID: 30476337 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections is a major problem in clinical medicine. Development of new strategies such as phage therapy may be a novel approach for treatment of life-threatening infections caused by MDR bacteria. A newly isolated phage, MMI-Ps1, with strong lytic activity was used for treatment of acute lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse model. Intranasal administration of a single dose of MMI-Ps1 immediately after infection provided a significant level of protection and increased the survival duration. Moreover, treatment of infected mice with phage as late as 12 hours after infection was still protective. Our in vitro results are the first to show the synergistic elimination of serum-resistant Pseudomonas strains by phage and complement. Phage therapy increases the efficacy of complement-mediated lysis of serum-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, indicating the importance of an intact complement system in clearing Pseudomonas infection during phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Youssif M Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Almeida AM, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Role of Toluidine Blue-O Binding Mechanism for Photooxidation in Bioinspired Bacterial Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16745-16751. [PMID: 31746210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics has demanded new strategies for microbial inactivation, which include photodynamic therapy whose activity relies on the photoreaction damage to the microorganism membrane. Herein, the binding mechanisms of the photosensitizer toluidine blue-O (TBO) on simplified models of bacterial membrane with Langmuir monolayers of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) were correlated to the effects of the photoinduced lipid oxidation. Langmuir monolayers of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) were also used as a reference of mammalian membranes. The surface pressure isotherms combined with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy revealed that TBO expands DOPC, DOPE, and DOPG monolayers owing to electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged groups in the phospholipids, with a stronger adsorption on DOPG, which has a net surface charge. Light irradiation made the TBO-containing DOPC and DOPE monolayers less unstable as a result of the singlet oxygen (1O2) reaction with the chain unsaturation and hydroperoxide formation. In contrast, the decreased stability of the irradiated TBO-containing DOPG monolayer suggests the cleavage of carbon chains. The anionic nature of DOPG allowed a deeper penetration of TBO into the chain region, favoring contact-dependent reactions between the excited triplet state of TBO and lipid unsaturations or/and hydroperoxide groups, which is the key for the cleavage reactions and further membrane permeabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages , Assis , SP , 19806-900 , Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- IFSC , São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP) , São Carlos , SP 13566-590 , Brazil
| | - Pedro H B Aoki
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) , School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages , Assis , SP , 19806-900 , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Caflisch KM, Suh GA, Patel R. Biological challenges of phage therapy and proposed solutions: a literature review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:1011-1041. [PMID: 31735090 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1694905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage (bacteriophage) therapy has been recognized as a potential alternative or addition to antibiotics in Western medicine for use in humans.Areas covered: This review assessed the scientific literature on phage therapy published between 1 January 2007 and 21 October 2019, with a focus on the successes and challenges of this prospective therapeutic.Expert opinion: Efficacy has been shown in animal models and experimental findings suggest promise for the safety of human phagotherapy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed prior to the standardization of phage therapy in the West, including the development of phage-resistant bacteria; the pharmacokinetic complexities of phage; and any potential human immune response incited by phagotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Caflisch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Mc Carlie S, Boucher CE, Bragg RR. Molecular basis of bacterial disinfectant resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 48:100672. [PMID: 31830738 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance could accelerate humanity towards an already fast-approaching post-antibiotic era, where disinfectants and effective biosecurity measures will be critically important to control microbial diseases. Disinfectant resistance has the potential to change our way of life from compromising food security to threatening our medical health systems. Resistance to antimicrobial agents occurs through either intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms. Acquired resistance occurs through the efficient transfer of mobile genetic elements, which can carry single, or multiple resistance determinants. Drug resistance genes may form part of integrons, transposons and insertions sequences which are capable of intracellular transfer onto plasmids or gene cassettes. Thereafter, resistance plasmids and gene cassettes mobilize by self-transmission between bacteria, increasing the prevalence of drug resistance determinants in a bacterial population. An accumulation of drug resistance genes through these mechanisms gives rise to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The study of this mobility is integral to safeguard current antibiotics, disinfectants and other antimicrobials. Literature evidence, however, indicates that knowledge regarding disinfectant resistance is severly limited. Genome engineering such as the CRISPR-Cas system, has identified disinfectant resistance genes, and reversed resistance altogether in certain prokaryotes. Demonstrating that these techniques could prove invaluable in the combat against disinfectant resistance by uncovering the secrets of MDR bacteria.
Collapse
|
295
|
Kimmelshue C, Goggi AS, Cademartiri R. The use of biological seed coatings based on bacteriophages and polymers against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in maize seeds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17950. [PMID: 31784552 PMCID: PMC6884569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control of bacteria with bacteriophages is a viable alternative to antibiotics. To be successful, biological control bacteriophages must be stable when exposed to the environment. Stabilization can be achieved through incorporation of bacteriophages into polymers and stabilizers that will be coated onto the seed. For this study, bacteriophages against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), the causal agent of Goss's wilt, were incorporated into polyvinyl polymers with alcohol, ether and pyrrolidone functional groups and coated onto maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. The objectives of this study were to evaluate polymers and stabilizers that can protect Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (CN8) bacteriophages against dehydration during storage. Bacteriophages stability when coated on seed depended on the glass transition temperature (Tg), functional groups of the polymer, and the presence of stabilizers such as sugars and proteins. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) provided the greatest stability for CN8 bacteriophages on seed when coatings did not contain a stabilizer. A possible reason for the greater stability of this coating is having a glass transition temperature (Tg) very close to ambient temperature. PVOH combined with whey protein isolate (WPI) maintained CN8 bacteriophage activity in storage for four months at 26 °C and seven months at 10 °C. This coating also significantly reduced bacterial loads in seedlings grown from contaminated seeds, without affecting seed germination. Bacteriophage-polymer coatings which are stable during drying and storage, and are compatible with biological systems, not only provide an alternative to traditional antibiotics in agriculture, but also provide options for food, environmental and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Kimmelshue
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - A Susana Goggi
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
- Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca Cademartiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Dąbrowska K, Abedon ST. Pharmacologically Aware Phage Therapy: Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Obstacles to Phage Antibacterial Action in Animal and Human Bodies. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2019; 83:e00012-19. [PMID: 31666296 PMCID: PMC6822990 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00012-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophages or phages) to treat bacterial infections has been ongoing clinically for approximately 100 years. Despite that long history, the growing international crisis of resistance to standard antibiotics, abundant anecdotal evidence of efficacy, and one successful modern clinical trial of efficacy, this phage therapy is not yet a mainstream approach in medicine. One explanation for why phage therapy has not been subject to more widespread implementation is that phage therapy research, both preclinical and clinical, can be insufficiently pharmacologically aware. Consequently, here we consider the pharmacological obstacles to phage therapy effectiveness, with phages in phage therapy explicitly being considered to serve as drug equivalents. The study of pharmacology has traditionally been differentiated into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. We therefore separately consider the difficulties that phages as virions can have in traveling through body compartments toward reaching their target bacteria (pharmacokinetics) and the difficulties that phages can have in exerting antibacterial activity once they have reached those bacteria (pharmacodynamics). The latter difficulties, at least in part, are functions of phage host range and bacterial resistance to phages. Given the apparently low toxicity of phages and the minimal side effects of phage therapy as practiced, phage therapy should be successful so long as phages can reach the targeted bacteria in sufficiently high numbers, adsorb, and then kill those bacteria. Greater awareness of what obstacles to this success generally or specifically can exist, as documented in this review, should aid in the further development of phage therapy toward wider use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephen T Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Steering Phages to Combat Bacterial Pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2019; 28:85-94. [PMID: 31744662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
298
|
Plant-derived secondary metabolites as the main source of efflux pump inhibitors and methods for identification. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:277-290. [PMID: 32923005 PMCID: PMC7474127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The upsurge of multiple drug resistance (MDR) bacteria substantially diminishes the effectiveness of antibiotic arsenal and therefore intensifies the rate of therapeutic failure. The major factor in MDR is efflux pump-mediated resistance. A unique pump can make bacteria withstand a wide range of structurally diverse compounds. Therefore, their inhibition is a promising route to eliminate resistance phenomenon in bacteria. Phytochemicals are excellent alternatives as resistance-modifying agents. They can directly kill bacteria or interact with the crucial events of pathogenicity, thereby decreasing the ability of bacteria to develop resistance. Numerous botanicals display noteworthy efflux pumps inhibitory activities. Edible plants are of growing interest. Likewise, some plant families would be excellent sources of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) including Apocynaceae, Berberidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Zingiberaceae. Easily applicable methods for screening plant-derived EPIs include checkerboard synergy test, berberine uptake assay and ethidium bromide test. In silico high-throughput virtual detection can be evaluated as a criterion of excluding compounds with efflux substrate-like characteristics, thereby improving the selection process and extending the identification of EPIs. To ascertain the efflux activity inhibition, real-time PCR and quantitative mass spectrometry can be applied. This review emphasizes on efflux pumps and their roles in transmitting bacterial resistance and an update plant-derived EPIs and strategies for identification. Active efflux as the main resistance strategy in bacteria. Phytochemicals as promising alternatives against efflux pumps-mediated MDR. Herbals-based efflux pump inhibitors screening, the methods.
Collapse
|
299
|
Abstract
Clinical trial results of phage treatment of bacterial infections show a low to moderate efficacy, and the variation in infection clearance between subjects within studies is often large. Phage therapy is complicated and introduces many additional components of variance as compared to antibiotic treatment. A large part of the variation is due to in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics being virtually unknown, but also to a lack of standardisation. This is a consequence of the great variation of phages, bacteria, and infections, which results in different experiments or trials being impossible to compare, and difficulties in estimating important parameter values in a quantitative and reproducible way. The limitations of phage therapy will have to be recognised and future research focussed on optimising infection clearance rates by e.g. selecting phages, bacteria, and target bacterial infections where the prospects of high efficacy can be anticipated, and by combining information from new mathematical modelling of in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes and quantitatively assessed experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders S. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Ha E, Chun J, Kim M, Ryu S. Capsular Polysaccharide Is a Receptor of a Clostridium perfringens Bacteriophage CPS1. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111002. [PMID: 31683584 PMCID: PMC6893597 DOI: 10.3390/v11111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore forming bacterium that is widely distributed in the environment and one of the most common causes of foodborne illnesses. Bacteriophages are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics in controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Here we isolated a virulent C. perfringens phage, CPS1, and analysis of its whole genome and morphology revealed a small genome (19 kbps) and a short noncontractile tail, suggesting that CPS1 can be classified as a member of Picovirinae, a subfamily of Podoviridae. To determine the host receptor of CPS1, the EZ-Tn5 random transposon mutant library of C. perfringens ATCC 13124 was constructed and screened for resistance to CPS1 infection. Analysis of the CPS1-resistant mutants revealed that the CPF_0486 was disrupted by Tn5. The CPF_0486 was annotated as galE, a gene encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GalE). However, biochemical analyses demonstrated that the encoded protein possessed dual activities of GalE and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (Gne). We found that the CPF_0486::Tn5 mutant produced a reduced amount of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) compared with the wild type. We also discovered that glucosamine and galactosamine could competitively inhibit host adsorption of CPS1. These results suggest that CPS acts as a receptor for this phage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Ha
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jihwan Chun
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Minsik Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|