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Zheng P, Zhang H, Gao H, Sun J, Li J, Zhang X, Gao L, Ma P, Li S. Plasma Exosomal Long Noncoding RNA lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4009-4018. [PMID: 32494155 PMCID: PMC7227815 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes participate in cellular communications by transmitting active molecules, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and are regarded as suitable candidates for disease diagnosis. This study aimed to identify gastric cancer (GC)-specific exosomal lncRNA and investigate the potential diagnostic value of plasma exosomal lncRNA in GC. Patients and Methods Exosomes from the culture media (CM) of four GC cells (GCCs) and human gastric epithelial cells were isolated. Exosomal RNA was extracted, and lncRNA microarray assay was performed to identify GC-specific exosomal lncRNAs. The expression levels of the candidate exosomal lncRNAs were validated in 120 subjects via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve were used to estimate the diagnostic capacity. We investigated the potential relationship between plasma exosomal lncRNA expression and the clinicopathological parameters of GC. Results A total of 199 exosomal lncRNAs were expressed at considerable higher levels in GCCs than those in normal controls, among which the top 10 upregulated lncRNAs were selected for further validation in cell, CM, and plasma. qRT-PCR revealed that lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 was remarkably upregulated in exosomes derived from patients with GC and GCCs. The area under the ROC curve was 0.776, which was higher than the diagnostic accuracies of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA72-4. The expression level of exosomal lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 was also significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and degree of differentiation. The postoperative expression levels of exosomal lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 were lower compared with those of preoperative levels. Conclusion Our study suggested that exosomal lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 may be a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of GC. Further large-scale studies are necessary to validate its performance in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoliang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China.,Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China.,Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, People's Republic of China
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Oncogenic effects of RAB27B through exosome independent function in renal cell carcinoma including sunitinib-resistant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232545. [PMID: 32379831 PMCID: PMC7205224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 40–100 nm nano-sized extracellular vesicles. They are released from many cell types and move into the extracellular space, thereby transferring their components to recipient cells. Exosomes are receiving increasing attention as novel structures participating in intracellular communication. RAB27B is one of the leading proteins involved in exosome secretion, and oncogenic effects have been reported in several cancers. In recent years, molecularly targeted agents typified by sunitinib are widely used for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, intrinsic or acquired resistance to sunitinib has become a major issue. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of RAB27B in RCC including sunitinib-resistant and its role in exosomes. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that high expression of RAB27B correlates with progression of RCC. The expression of RAB27B protein in RCC cell lines was significantly enhanced compared with that in normal kidney cell lines. Furthermore, RAB27B protein expression was enhanced in all of the tested sunitinib-resistant RCC cell lines compared to parental cells. Although no specific effect of RAB27B on exosomes was identified in RCC cells, loss-of-function studies demonstrated that knockdown of RAB27B suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasive activities. Moreover, anti-tumor effects of RAB27B downregulation were also observed in sunitinib-resistant RCC cells. RNA sequence and pathway analysis suggested that the oncogenic effects of RAB27B might be associated with MAPK and VEGF signaling pathways. These results showed that RAB27B is a prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic target in sunitinib-sensitive and -resistant RCCs. Further analyses should improve our understanding of sunitinib resistance in RCC.
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Sun R, Wang H, Shi Y, Gao D, Sun Z, Chen Z, Jiang H, Zhang J. A Pilot Study of Urinary Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 19:184-191. [PMID: 32375155 DOI: 10.1159/000505851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types and abundantly present in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and breast milk. Exosomes can spread toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau between cells, contributing to neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To explore changes in the morphology, number, and pathological protein levels of urinary exosomes in AD patients compared with age-matched healthy subjects. METHODS In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of Aβ1-42 and P-S396-tau (normalized by CD63) in urinary exosomes of AD patients and matched healthy subjects. We used transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis to observe the exosomes. RESULTS We found that the levels of Aβ1-42 and P-S396-tau in the urinary exosomes of AD patients were higher than those of matched healthy controls. Exosomes taken from AD patients were more numerous. CONCLUSION The differences in levels of Aβ1-42 and P-S396-tau and the quantity of urinary exosomes between AD patients and healthy controls may provide a basis for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huayuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongcan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haisong Jiang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,
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Zhou W, Lian Y, Jiang J, Wang L, Ren L, Li Y, Yan X, Chen Q. Differential expression of microRNA in exosomes derived from endometrial stromal cells of women with endometriosis-associated infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:170-181. [PMID: 32593507 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the expression pattern of microRNA (miRNA) in exosomes isolated from eutopic endometrial stromal cells (EuESC) of women with endometriosis-associated infertility? DESIGN Small RNA sequencing was conducted in exosomes isolated from EuESC of women with endometriosis-associated infertility (n = 3) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC) of fertile women without endometriosis (n = 3). The differentially expressed miRNA in exosomes derived from EuESC and NESC were identified. The functions of the differentially expressed miRNA were analysed by gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. RESULTS Small RNA sequencing showed that the percentages of exosomal miRNA in the total small RNA isolated from EuESC and NESC were not significantly different (P = 0.7804). A total of 49 differentially expressed miRNA (fold change >1.5 and P < 0.05) were identified, including 26 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated in EuESC exosomes as compared with NESC exosomes. Functional analysis revealed that 12 miRNA were predicted to target homeobox A10 (HOXA10) and/or the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 3' untranslated region (UTR). Both HOXA10 and LIF mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in EuESC compared with NESC (P = 0.0222 and 0.0395, respectively). In addition, the predicated target genes of these differentially expressed exosomal miRNA were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in 76 pathways, including the MAPK and Wnt signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The differential expression patterns of exosomal miRNA were identified. Many exosomal miRNA may be involved in regulating the endometrial receptivity of women with endometriosis-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yikai Lian
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinna Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lulu Ren
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Youzhu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qionghua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Barbagallo C, Mostile G, Baglieri G, Giunta F, Luca A, Raciti L, Zappia M, Purrello M, Ragusa M, Nicoletti A. Specific Signatures of Serum miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers to Discriminate Clinically Similar Neurodegenerative and Vascular-Related Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:531-546. [PMID: 31691877 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are age-dependent; among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most frequent. Similarly, cerebrovascular damage can induce the development of vascular-related disorders that share common features with AD and PD, respectively, named vascular dementia (VD) and vascular parkinsonism (VP). To date, ND diagnosis is mainly clinical; therefore, since these disorders show similar symptoms, their correct discrimination may be difficult. We detected 23 ND-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) by literature mining and investigated their serum expression in a cohort of 139 patients including AD, PD, VD, and VP patients and healthy controls. TaqMan RT-PCR data showed that miR-23a upregulation was associated with an ongoing neurodegenerative process, similar to miR-22* and miR-29a, while let-7d, miR-15b, miR-24, miR-142-3p, miR-181c, and miR-222 showed an altered expression in Parkinson-like phenotypes, as well as miR-34b, miR-125b, and miR-130b in Alzheimer-like disorders. By computing logistic regression models and ROC curves, we identified signatures of neuro-miRNAs specific for each disease, showing good diagnostic performance. Interestingly, we found that miR-23a, miR-29a, miR-34b, and miR-125b exhibited a different distribution between exosomes and vesicle-free serum, suggesting a heterogeneity of secretion for these miRNAs. Our results suggest that miRNA signatures could discriminate in a non-invasive manner neurodegenerative disorders, thus improving clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gloriangela Baglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Flavia Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Raciti
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Khosravi M, Mirsamadi ES, Mirjalali H, Zali MR. Isolation and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Parasites: The Promise of a New Era in Immunotherapy, Vaccination, and Diagnosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2957-2969. [PMID: 32425527 PMCID: PMC7196212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological evidence shows that parasites, particularly helminths, play a central role in balancing the host immunity. It was demonstrated that parasites can modulate immune responses via their excretory/secretory (ES) and some specific proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scale particles that are released from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. EVs in parasitological studies have been mostly employed for immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases, vaccination, and diagnosis. EVs can carry virulence factors and play a central role in the development of parasites in host cells. These molecules can manipulate the immune responses through transcriptional changes. Moreover, EVs derived from helminths modulate the immune system via provoking anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, EVs from parasite protozoa can induce efficient immunity, that makes them useful for probable next-generation vaccines. In addition, it seems that EVs from parasites may provide new diagnostic approaches for parasitic infections. In the current study, we reviewed isolation methods, functions, and applications of parasite's EVs in immunotherapy, vaccination, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Khosravi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Biologically driven cut-off definition of lymphocyte ratios in metastatic breast cancer and association with exosomal subpopulations and prognosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7010. [PMID: 32332763 PMCID: PMC7181663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are respectively associated with systemic inflammation and immune suppression and have been associated with a poor outcome. Plasmatic exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in the intercellular communication system that can exert an immunosuppressive function. Aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between the immune system and circulating exosomes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A threshold capable to classify patients according to MLR, NLR and PLR, was computed through a receiving operator curve analysis after propensity score matching with a series of female blood donors. Exosomes were isolated from plasma by ExoQuick solution and characterized by flow-cytometry. NLR, MLR, PLR and exosomal subpopulations potentially involved in the pre-metastatic niche were significantly different in MBC patients with respect to controls. MLR was significantly associated with number of sites at the onset of metastatic disease, while high levels of MLR and NLR were found to be associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, exosomal subpopulations varied according to NLR, MLR, PLR and both were associated with different breast cancer subtypes and sites of distant involvement. This study highlights the nuanced role of immunity in MBC spread, progression and outcome. Moreover, they suggest potential interaction mechanisms between immunity, MBC and the metastatic niche.
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258
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Franco da Cunha F, Andrade-Oliveira V, Candido de Almeida D, Borges da Silva T, Naffah de Souza Breda C, Costa Cruz M, Faquim-Mauro EL, Antonio Cenedeze M, Ioshie Hiyane M, Pacheco-Silva A, Aparecida Cavinato R, Torrecilhas AC, Olsen Saraiva Câmara N. Extracellular Vesicles isolated from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate CD4 + T Lymphocytes Toward a Regulatory Profile. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041059. [PMID: 32340348 PMCID: PMC7226573 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can generate immunological tolerance due to their regulatory activity in many immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) release is a pivotal mechanism by which MSCs exert their actions. In this study, we evaluate whether mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can modulate T cell response. MSCs were expanded and EVs were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation of the supernatant. The incorporation of MSC-EVs by T cells was detected by confocal microscopy. Expression of surface markers was detected by flow cytometry or CytoFLEX and cytokines were detected by RT-PCR, FACS and confocal microscopy and a miRNA PCR array was performed. We demonstrated that MSC-EVs were incorporated by lymphocytes in vitro and decreased T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. Interestingly, in Th1 polarization, MSC-EVs increased Foxp3 expression and generated a subpopulation of IFN-γ+/Foxp3+T cells with suppressive capacity. A differential expression profile of miRNAs in MSC-EVs-treated Th1 cells was seen, and also a modulation of one of their target genes, TGFbR2. MSC-EVs altered the metabolism of Th1-differentiated T cells, suggesting the involvement of the TGF-β pathway in this metabolic modulation. The addition of MSC-EVs in vivo, in an OVA immunization model, generated cells Foxp3+. Thus, our findings suggest that MSC-EVs are able to specifically modulate activated T cells at an alternative regulatory profile by miRNAs and metabolism shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.d.C.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Departamento de Imunologia, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.-O.); (C.N.d.S.B.); (M.C.C.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Danilo Candido de Almeida
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tamiris Borges da Silva
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Cristiane Naffah de Souza Breda
- Departamento de Imunologia, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.-O.); (C.N.d.S.B.); (M.C.C.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Departamento de Imunologia, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.-O.); (C.N.d.S.B.); (M.C.C.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcos Antonio Cenedeze
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Departamento de Imunologia, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.-O.); (C.N.d.S.B.); (M.C.C.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo 627–05652-900, Brazil
| | - Regiane Aparecida Cavinato
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Nefrologia, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (D.C.d.A.); (T.B.d.S.); (M.A.C.); (A.P.-S.); (R.A.C.)
- Departamento de Imunologia, USP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.A.-O.); (C.N.d.S.B.); (M.C.C.); (M.I.H.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.d.C.); (N.O.S.C.)
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259
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Cheng Y, Cao X, Qin L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32373121 PMCID: PMC7186296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a serious and life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. Due to the unique immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and reparative properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for diverse diseases and have shown great therapeutic potential in sepsis. However, concerns remain regarding whether MSCs can become tumorigenic or have other side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed particles released from almost any cell and perform an important role in intercellular communication. Recently, it has emerged that EVs derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) appear to exert a therapeutic benefit similar to MSCs in protecting against sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by delivering a cargo that includes RNAs and proteins to target cells. More importantly, compared to their parent cells, MSC-EVs have a superior safety profile, can be safely stored without losing function, and possess other advantages. Hence, MSC-EVs may be used as a novel alternative to MSC-based therapy in sepsis. Here, we summarize the properties and applications of MSC-EVs in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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260
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Geng T, Song ZY, Xing JX, Wang BX, Dai SP, Xu ZS. Exosome Derived from Coronary Serum of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Promotes Angiogenesis Through the miRNA-143/IGF-IR Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2647-2658. [PMID: 32368046 PMCID: PMC7183550 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s242908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury primarily causes myocardial infarction (MI), which is manifested by cell death. Angiogenesis is essential for repair and regeneration in cardiac tissue after MI. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from the serum of MI patients in angiogenesis and its related mechanism. Patients and Methods Exosomes, isolated from serum, were collected from MI (MI-exosome) and control (Con-exosome) patients. After coculturing with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MI-exosome promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Results The results revealed that the production and release of MI-exosome were associated with cardiomyocytes. Moreover, microarray assays demonstrated that miRNA-143 was significantly decreased in MI-exosome. Meanwhile, the overexpression and knockdown of miRNA-143 could inhibit and enhance angiogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of exosomal miRNA-143 on angiogenesis was mediated by its targeting gene, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), and was associated with the production of nitric oxide (NO). Conclusion Taken together, exosomes derived from the serum of patients with MI promoted angiogenesis through the IGF-IR/NO signaling pathway. The results provide novel understanding of the function of exosomes in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Peng Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Sheng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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261
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Exosomes carrying ALDOA and ALDH3A1 from irradiated lung cancer cells enhance migration and invasion of recipients by accelerating glycolysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:77-87. [PMID: 32297178 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been recognized as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the improvements of treatment, the distant metastasis and recurrence of lung cancer caused by therapy resistance is the biggest challenge in clinical management. Extracellular vesicles named exosomes play crucial roles in intercellular communication as signaling mediators and are involved in tumor development. In this study, we isolated exosomes from irradiated lung cancer cells and co-cultured the exosomes with other lung cancer cells. It was found that cellular growth and motility of recipient cells were facilitated. High-throughput LC-MS/MS assay of exosomal proteins and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the metabolic enzymes ALDOA and ALDH3A1 had potential contribution in exosome-enhanced motility of recipient cells, and clinical survival analysis demonstrated the close correlations between ALDOA or ALDH3A1 expression and poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. After co-culturing with exosomes derived from irradiated cancer cells, the expressions of these metabolic enzymes were elevated and the glycolytic activity was promoted in recipient cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that exosomes from irradiated lung cancer cells regulated the motility of recipient cells by accelerating glycolytic process, where exosomal ALDOA and ALDH3A1 proteins were important signaling factors.
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262
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Tao Y, Han Y, Yu L, Wang Q, Leng SX, Zhang H. The Predicted Key Molecules, Functions, and Pathways That Bridge Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Neurol 2020; 11:233. [PMID: 32308643 PMCID: PMC7145962 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the key molecules, functions, and pathways that bridge mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we investigated open gene expression data sets. Differential gene expression profiles were analyzed and combined with potential MCI- and AD-related gene expression profiles in public databases. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the gene co-expression modules. One module was significantly negatively associated with MCI samples, in which gene ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that these genes were related to cytosolic ribosome, ribosomal structure, oxidative phosphorylation, AD, and metabolic pathway. The other two modules correlated significantly with AD samples, in which functional and pathway enrichment analysis revealed strong relationships of these genes with cytoplasmic ribosome, protein binding, AD, cancer, and apoptosis. In addition, we regarded the core genes in the module network closely related to MCI and AD as bridge genes and submitted them to protein interaction network analysis to screen for major pathogenic genes according to the connectivity information. Among them, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide (SNRPD2), ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3A), S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G (SNRPG), U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm3 (LSM3), ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27A), and ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma (ATP5C1) were not only major pathogenic genes of MCI, but also bridge genes. In addition, SNRPD2, RPS3A, S100A8, SNRPG, LSM3, thioredoxin (TXN), proteasome 20S subunit alpha 4 (PSMA4), annexin A1 (ANXA1), DnaJ heat shock protein family member A1 (DNAJA1), and prefoldin subunit 5 (PFDN5) were not only major pathogenic genes of AD, but also bridge genes. Next, we screened for differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) to predict the miRNAs and transcription factors related the MCI and AD modules, respectively. The significance score of miRNAs in each module was calculated using a hypergeometric test to obtain the miRNApivot-Module interaction pair. Thirty-four bridge regulators were analyzed, among which hsa-miR-519d-3p was recognized as the bridge regulator between MCI and AD. Our study contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of MCI and AD, and might lead to the development of a new strategy for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Lujiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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263
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Haque S, Kodidela S, Gerth K, Hatami E, Verma N, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Smoking-Mediated HIV Pathogenesis and their Potential Role in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040864. [PMID: 32252352 PMCID: PMC7226815 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the mortality rate in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has decreased significantly, resulting in an almost normal longevity in this population. However, a large portion of this population still endures a poor quality of life, mostly due to an increased inclination for substance abuse, including tobacco smoking. The prevalence of smoking in PLWHA is consistently higher than in HIV negative persons. A predisposition to cigarette smoking in the setting of HIV potentially leads to exacerbated HIV replication and a higher risk for developing neurocognitive and other CNS disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified as mechanistic pathways in smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), packaged with oxidative stress and inflammatory agents, show promise in understanding the underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced HIV pathogenesis via cell-cell interactions. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of EVs with an emphasis on smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. This review also provides an overview of the potential applications of EVs in developing novel therapeutic carriers for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals who smoke, and in the discovery of novel biomarkers that are associated with HIV-smoking interactions in the CNS.
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264
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Tetta C, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. Stem cells and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute and chronic kidney diseases: mechanisms of repair. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:570. [PMID: 32775371 PMCID: PMC7347774 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic renal failure have long been described and now renamed as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). New concepts are emerging in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. AKI is often caused by triggering factors (e.g., toxic, ischemic, immunologic) either individually or combined such as in sepsis (inflammation and hypoxia), and it is initiated at a defined time. Several experimental models of AKI have provided deep insight and have convincingly shown important proof-of-concepts of therapeutic relevance over the years. CKD is now considered a slowly developing disease with often an insidious course, lasting many years whereby co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dysmetabolic syndrome) may act as worsening factors. It has become increasingly evident that even a single event of AKI may lead to a higher predisposition to develop a progressive CKD. In the present review, we will report studies on the renal protection by adult stem cells in different experimental models and clinical trials. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communication and their predominant effect in the paracrine mechanisms of stem cell-dependent actions have prompted several studies on their ability to attenuate both AKI and fibrosis occurring in CKD. We discuss several critical issues that need to be addressed before EVs may have a therapeutic application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Tetta
- Unicyte Srl, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Deregibus
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,2i3T Incubator and Technology Transfer, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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265
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El Baradie KBY, Nouh M, O'Brien Iii F, Liu Y, Fulzele S, Eroglu A, Hamrick MW. Freeze-Dried Extracellular Vesicles From Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Prevent Hypoxia-Induced Muscle Cell Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:181. [PMID: 32266262 PMCID: PMC7099601 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies have tremendous potential for the successful treatment of major extremity wounds in the combat setting, however, the challenges associated with transplanting stem cells in the prolonged field care (PFC) environment are a critical barrier to progress in treating such injuries. These challenges include not only production and storage but also transport and handling issues. Our goal is to develop a new strategy utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells that can resolve many of these issues and prevent ischemic tissue injury. While EVs can be preserved by freezing or lyophilization, both processes result in decrease in their bioactivity. Here, we describe optimized procedures for EVs production, isolation, and lyophilization from primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We compared two isolation approaches that were ultrafiltration (UF) using a tangential fluid filtration (TFF) system and differential ultracentrifugation (UC). We also optimized EVs lyophilization in conjunction with trehalose and polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 (PVP40) as lyoprotectants. Bioactivity of EVs was assessed based on reversal of hypoxia-induced muscle cell injury. To this end, primary human myoblasts were subjected to hypoxic conditions for 6 h, and then treated with hADSC-derived EVs at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. Subsequently, muscle cell viability and toxicity were evaluated using MTS and LDH assays, respectively. Overall, nanoparticle tracking data indicated that UF/TFF yields threefold more particles than UC. Lyophilization of EVs resulted in a significantly reduced number of particles, which could be attenuated by adding lyoprotections to the freeze-drying solution. Furthermore, EVs isolated by UF/TFF and freeze-dried in the presence of trehalose significantly increased viability (P < 0.0193). Taken together, our findings suggest that the isolation and preservation methods presented in this study may enhance therapeutic applications of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Nouh
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ali Eroglu
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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266
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Pei X, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhou Z. Astrocyte-derived exosomes transfer miR-190b to inhibit oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced autophagy and neuronal apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:906-917. [PMID: 32150490 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work has verified that astrocytes (AS)-derived exosomes (AS-Exo) inhibited autophagy and ameliorated neuronal damage in experimental ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of AS-Exo regulation of autophagy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of AS-Exo on neuronal autophagy. The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22 was cultured in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) condition to mimic ischemic injury. The primary astrocytes were used to isolate exosomes. Exosome labeling and uptake by HT-22 cells were observed by confocal laser microscopy. miR-190b expression was determined by qRT-PCR. HT-22 cell vitality and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining, respectively. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. Protein levels of apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and autophagy-related Beclin-1, LC3-I/II, Atg7, P62 were determined by western blot. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the direct interaction between miR-190b and Atg7. miR-190b expression in AS-Exo was found to be significantly higher than that in AS. AS-Exo-mediated transfer of miR-190b attenuated OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis via suppressing autophagy. Moreover, Atg7 was identified as a target of miR-190b. AS-Exo-mediated transfer of miR-190b regulated autophagy by targeting Atg7. Collectively, our data indicated that AS-Exo transferred miR-190b to inhibit OGD-induced autophagy and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Pei
- Cerebrovascular Division, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Cerebrovascular Division, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liangfu Zhu
- Cerebrovascular Division, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhilong Zhou
- Cerebrovascular Division, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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267
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Xu H, Jia Z, Ma K, Zhang J, Dai C, Yao Z, Deng W, Su J, Wang R, Chen X. Protective effect of BMSCs-derived exosomes mediated by BDNF on TBI via miR-216a-5p. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920855. [PMID: 32150531 PMCID: PMC7081927 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exo) can improve the recovery of neurological function in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We tested a new hypothesis that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced MSCs-Exo can effectively promote functional recovery and neurogenesis in rats after TBI. Material/Methods BM-MSCs of rats were extracted by whole bone marrow culture, BDNF was added to BM-MSCs as an intervention, supernatant was collected, and exosomes were separated and purified by ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were identified by Western blot (WB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and particle size analysis and were subsequently used in cell and animal experiments. The experimental animals were divided into a sham group, a PBS group, an MSCs-Exo group, and a BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo group (n=12). An electric cortical contusion impactor (eCCI) was used to cause TBI in all rats except the sham group. We investigated the recovery of sensorimotor function and spatial learning ability, inflammation inhibition, and neuron regeneration in rats after TBI. Results Compared with the MSCs-Exo group, the BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo group showed better effects in promoting the recovery of sensorimotor function and spatial learning ability. BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo successfully inhibited inflammation and promoted neuronal regeneration in vivo and in vitro. We further analyzed miRNAs in BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo and MSCs-Exo and found that the expression of miR-216a-5p in BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo was significantly higher than that in MSCs-Exo as determined by qRT-PCR. Rescue experiments indicated that miR-216a-5p had a similar function as BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo. Conclusions We found that BDNF-induced MSCs-Exo can improve cell migration and inhibit apoptosis better than MSCs-Exo in rats after TBI, and the mechanism may be related to the high expression of miR-216a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhilong Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zitong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Wusheng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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268
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Dougherty JA, Patel N, Kumar N, Rao SG, Angelos MG, Singh H, Cai C, Khan M. Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells Enhance Exosome Release and Promote Angiogenesis Under Physoxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:130. [PMID: 32211408 PMCID: PMC7068154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and their derived exosomes therapeutic potential have demonstrated only modest improvements in cardiac function. Therefore, there is an unmet need to improve the therapeutic efficacy of CPCs and their exosomes to attain clinically relevant improvement in cardiac function. The hypothesis of this project is to assess the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from human CPCs (hCPCs) cultured under normoxia (21% O2), physoxia (5% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2) conditions. hCPCs were characterized by immunostaining of CPC-specific markers (NKX-2.5, GATA-4, and c-kit). Cell proliferation and cell death assay was not altered under physoxia. A gene expression qPCR array (84 genes) was performed to assess the modulation of hypoxic genes under three different oxygen conditions as mentioned above. Our results demonstrated that very few hypoxia-related genes were modulated under physoxia (5 genes upregulated, 4 genes down regulated). However, several genes were modulated under hypoxia (23 genes upregulated, 9 genes downregulated). Furthermore, nanoparticle tracking analysis of the exosomes isolated from hCPCs under physoxia had a 1.6-fold increase in exosome yield when compared to normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Furthermore, tube formation assay for angiogenesis indicated that exosomes derived from hCPCs cultured under physoxia significantly increased tube formation as compared to no-exosome control, 21% O2, and 1% O2 groups. Overall, our study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of physoxic oxygen microenvironment cultured hCPCs and their derived exosomes for myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Dougherty
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nil Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shubha Gururaja Rao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart Lung and Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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269
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Abstract
Until recently, exosomes were considered to be dust in electron microscopy. This perception has changed dramatically in the past few years. A new research field has emerged aiming to describe the formation, release, and function of these nanoparticles. The role of exosomes evolved from garbage bins to biologically active, selectively secreted particles that are part of a novel and broader messaging system. They were shown to display immunomodulatory properties. Today, exosomes are regarded as attractive targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, especially in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Muller
- Department of Biomedicine and Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Basel and Center for Biomedicine, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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270
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Chen L, Yao X, Yao H, Ji Q, Ding G, Liu X. Exosomal miR-103-3p from LPS-activated THP-1 macrophage contributes to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:5178-5192. [PMID: 32061112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902307rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis occurs during chronic hepatic injury and is involved in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activated by several types of immune cells. Among the immune cells, hepatic macrophages and their crosstalk with HSCs play a vital role in all stages of hepatic fibrosis. Exosomes, which are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer vehicles, can transfer specific lipid, nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules. Exosomes can act as good communication between macrophages and HSCs. Herein, we investigated the role of exosomes between THP-1 macrophage and HSCs in the progression of liver fibrosis. Exosomes originating from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated THP-1 macrophages promoted HSCs proliferation and induced the increased expression of fibrotic genes. LPS could alter the miRNA profile in exosomes secreted from THP-1 macrophages. The changed miR-103-3p in exosomes could promote HSCs proliferation and activation by targeting Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and it plays important roles in the crosstalk between THP-1 macrophages and HSCs during the progression of liver fibrosis. Moreover, miR-103-3p in serum exosomes from liver fibrosis patients could be a biomarker for liver fibrosis. Therefore, exosomes may have important roles in the crosstalk between macrophage and HSCs in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chen
- Central Laboratory of Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingwang Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Yao
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qin Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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271
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Escate R, Padró T, Suades R, Camino S, Muñiz O, Diaz-Diaz JL, Sionis A, Mata P, Badimon L. High miR-133a levels in the circulation anticipates presentation of clinical events in familial hypercholesterolaemia patients. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:109-122. [PMID: 32061123 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Presentation of acute events in patients with atherosclerosis remains unpredictable even after controlling for classical risk factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) measured in liquid biopsies could be good candidate biomarkers to improve risk prediction. Here, we hypothesized that miRNAs could predict atherosclerotic plaque progression and clinical event presentation in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating miRNAs (plasma, exosomes, and microvesicles) were investigated by TaqMan Array and RT-qPCR assays. Patients with genetic diagnosis of FH and healthy relatives from the SAFEHEART cohort were included. A differential signature of 10 miRNA was obtained by comparing two extreme phenotypes consisting of FH patients suffering a cardiovascular event (CVE) within a 8-year follow-up period (FH-CVE, N = 42) and non-FH hypercholesterolaemic relatives from the same cohort, matched for age and treatment, without CVE during the same period (nFH-nCVE, N = 30). The validation studies included two independent groups of patients with FH background (discovery group, N = 89, validation group N = 196), developing a future CVE (FH-CVE) or not (FH-nCVE) within the same time period of follow-up. Of the 10 miRNAs initially selected, miR-133a was significantly higher in FH-CVE than in FH-nCVE patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed miR-133a as the best microRNA for predicting CVE in FH patients (0.76 ± 0.054; P < 0.001). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier and COX analysis showed that high plasma miR-133a levels associated to the higher risk of presenting a CVE within the next 8 years (hazard ratio 3.89, 95% confidence interval 1.88-8.07; P < 0.001). In silico analysis of curate biological interactions related miR-133a with target genes involved in regulation of the cell-membrane lipid-receptor LRP6 and inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, IL6, and TNF). These predictions were experimentally proven in human macrophages and endothelial cells transfected with agomiR-133a. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of miR-133a in the circulation anticipate those FH patients that are going to present a clinical CVE within the next 2 years (average). Mechanistically, miR-133a is directly related with lipid- and inflammatory signalling in key cells for atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ovidio Muñiz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España, Spain
| | | | - Alessandro Sionis
- Cardiology Department, Acute and Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mata
- Fundación Hipercolesterolemia Familiar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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272
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Lv J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Sun W, Zhang C, Xu J, Yang H, Zhou T, Li P. Effects of luteolin on treatment of psoriasis by repressing HSP90. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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273
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[Exosomes: Nanodust? German version]. HNO 2020; 68:111-114. [PMID: 31996935 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, exosomes were considered to be dust in electron microscopy. This perception has changed dramatically in the past few years. A new research field has emerged aiming to describe the formation, release, and function of these nanoparticles. The role of exosomes evolved from garbage bins to biologically active, selectively secreted particles that are part of a novel and broader messaging system. They were shown to display immunomodulatory properties. Today, exosomes are regarded as attractive targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, especially in the field of oncology.
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274
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Li X, Chen R, Kemper S, Brigstock DR. Dynamic Changes in Function and Proteomic Composition of Extracellular Vesicles from Hepatic Stellate Cells during Cellular Activation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020290. [PMID: 31991791 PMCID: PMC7072607 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) undergo activation and are the principal cellular source of collagenous scar. In this study, we found that activation of mouse HSC (mHSC) was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) production and that fibrogenic gene expression (CCN2, Col1a1) was suppressed in Passage 1 (P1; activated) mHSC exposed to EVs from Day 4 (D4; relatively quiescent) mHSC but not to EVs from P1 mHSC. Conversely, gene expression (CCN2, Col1a1, αSMA) in D4 mHSC was stimulated by EVs from P1 mHSC but not by EVs from D4 mHSC. EVs from Day 4 mHSC contained only 46 proteins in which histones and keratins predominated, while EVs from P1 mHSC contained 337 proteins and these were principally associated with extracellular spaces or matrix, proteasome, collagens, vesicular transport, metabolic enzymes, ribosomes and chaperones. EVs from the activated LX-2 human HSC (hHSC) line also promoted fibrogenic gene expression in D4 mHSC in vitro and contained 524 proteins, many of which shared identity or had functional overlap with those in P1 mHSC EVs. The activation-associated changes in production, function and protein content of EVs from HSC likely contribute to the regulation of HSC function in vivo and to the fine-tuning of fibrogenic pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Ruju Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Sherri Kemper
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.K.)
| | - David R Brigstock
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (X.L.); (R.C.); (S.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-355-2824; Fax: +1-614-722-5892
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275
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Lim CZJ, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sundah NR, Shao H. New Sensors for Extracellular Vesicles: Insights on Constituent and Associated Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:4-12. [PMID: 31888329 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, nanoscale membrane vesicles released by cells into the circulation. As an emerging class of circulating biomarkers, EVs contain a trove of molecular information and play important roles in mediating intercellular communication. These EV molecular cargoes are differentially organized in the vesicles; they could be inherited from the parent cells or bound to the EV membrane through surface interactions. While the inherited constituents could serve as cell surrogate biomarkers, extravesicular association could reflect structural states of the bound molecules, revealing distinct subpopulations with different biophysical and/or biochemical properties. Despite the clinical potential of EVs and their diverse contents, conventional sensing technologies have limited compatibility to reveal nanoscale EV features. Complementary analytical platforms are being developed to address these technical challenges and expand the biomedical applications of EVs, to establish novel correlations and empower new diagnostics. This article provides a perspective on recent developments in sensor technologies to profile the diverse contents-different molecular types, quantities, and organizational states-in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Z. J. Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Huilin Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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276
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Zhang F, Lu Y, Wang M, Zhu J, Li J, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Zhu F. Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfer miR-222-3p to suppress acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation by targeting IRF2/INPP4B. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 51:101513. [PMID: 31968218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs-Exo) in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line THP-1. METHODS hBM-MSCs-Exo was isolated by ultra-centrifugation and administered into THP-1 cells to elucidate the effects of exosomes in THP-1 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of miR-222-3p, IRF2, and INPP4B were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The interaction between miR-222-3p and IRF2 was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Lower cell viability rate, higher apoptosis ratio, higher miR-222-3p expression, and lower IRF1/INPP4B expression were observed in THP-1 cells exposed to BM-MSCs-Exo. The proliferation-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of BM-MSCs-Exo on THP-1 cells were markedly compromised when miR-222-3p expression in BM-MSCs-Exo was inhibited. Furthermore, miR-222-3p directly targeted IRF2 and negatively regulated IRF2/INPP4B signaling in THP-1 cells. Moreover, overexpression of either IRF2 or INPP4B counteracted the proliferation-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects mediated by BM-MSCs-Exo. CONCLUSION BM-MSCs delivered miR-222-3p via exosomes to inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by targeting IRF2 and negatively regulating IRF2/INPP4B signaling in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqin Lu
- Department of Hematology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China.
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277
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Chicón-Bosch M, Tirado OM. Exosomes in Bone Sarcomas: Key Players in Metastasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010241. [PMID: 31963599 PMCID: PMC7016778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are rare cancers which often present with metastatic disease and are still associated with poor survival rates. Studies in the last decade have identified that exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle released by cells, play an important role in tumour progression and dissemination. Through the transfer of their cargo (RNAs, proteins, and lipids) across cells, they are involved in cellular cross-talk and can induce changes in cellular behaviour. Exosomes have been shown to be important in metastasis organotropism, induction of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, the education of cells towards a pro-metastatic phenotype or the interaction between stromal and tumour cells. Due to the importance exosomes have in disease progression and the high incidence of metastasis in bone sarcomas, recent studies have evaluated the implications of these extracellular vesicles in bone sarcomas. In this review, we discuss the studies that evaluate the role of exosomes in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and preliminary data on chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Chicón-Bosch
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-B.); (O.M.T.); Tel.: +34-9326-0742 (M.C.-B.); +34-932-603-823 (O.M.T.)
| | - Oscar M. Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.-B.); (O.M.T.); Tel.: +34-9326-0742 (M.C.-B.); +34-932-603-823 (O.M.T.)
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278
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Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, Dong Y, Pei X, Zhang X. The Potential Therapeutic Role of Exosomal MicroRNA-520b Derived from Normal Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:373-384. [PMID: 32200272 PMCID: PMC7090279 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a major health concern, with conventional cancer treatments exerting little influence on the disease course. MicroRNA-520b (miR-520b) functions as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancers, whereas its anti-tumor property in the context of PC is still fundamental. The aim of this study is to identify the potential therapeutic role of miR-520b, transferred by exosomes, derived from normal fibroblasts (NFs) in PC progression. A gain-of-function study was performed to examine the roles of miR-520b in PC cell line SW1990, which suggested that miR-520b served as a tumor suppressor in PC. In order to confirm the role of exosomal miR-520b, exosomes were isolated from NF culture medium and cocultured with SW1990 cells. During the coculture experiments, we disrupted exosome secretion and upregulated exosomal miR-520b. The in vitro coculture studies revealed that miR-520b was transferred from NF-derived exosomes to PC cells and thereby suppressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibited tumor growth and live metastasis upon elevated miR-520b in exosomes were observed in vivo. Conjointly, our study demonstrates that NF-derived exosomal miR-520b impedes the progression of PC, which contributes to a novel, therapeutic role of exosomal miR-520b for treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518110, P.R. China.
| | - Xiangliang Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, P.R. China.
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279
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Exosomal regulation of lymphocyte homing to the gut. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1-11. [PMID: 30591532 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted from T cells have been shown to affect dendritic cells, cancer cells, and other T cells. However, little is known about how T-cell exosomes (T exosomes) modulate endothelial cell functions in the context of tissue-specific homing. Here, we study the roles of T exosomes in the regulation of gut-specific T-cell homing. The gut-tropic T cells induced by retinoic acid secrete the exosomes that upregulate integrin α4β7 binding to the MAdCAM-1 expressed on high endothelial venules in the gut. T exosomes were preferentially distributed to the villi of the small intestine in an α4β7-dependent manner. Exosomes from gut-tropic T cells suppressed the expression of MAdCAM-1 in the small intestine, thereby inhibiting T-cell homing to the gut. Moreover, microRNA (miRNA) profiling analysis has shown that exosomes from gut-tropic T cells were enriched with miRNAs targeting NKX2.3, a transcription factor critical to MAdCAM-1 expression. Taken together, our study proposes that α4β7-expressing T exosomes distribute themselves to the small intestine and modify the expression of microenvironmental tissues such that any subsequent lymphocyte homing is precluded. This may represent a novel mechanism by which excessive lymphocyte homing to the intestinal tissues is downsized.
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280
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Force-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling by early-stage cancer cells alters diffusion and induces carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119756. [PMID: 31954229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known cancer cells secrete cytokines inducing normal fibroblasts (NFs) to become carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, it is not clear how the CAF-promoting cytokines can effectively navigate the dense ECM, a diffusion barrier, in the tumor microenvironment to reach NFs during the early stages of cancer development. In this study, we devised a 3D coculture system to investigate the possible mechanism of CAF induction at early stages of breast cancer. We found that in a force-dependent manner, ECM fibrils are radially aligned relative to the tumor spheroid. The fibril alignment enhances the diffusion of exosomes containing CAF-promoting cytokines towards NFs. Suppression of force generation or ECM remodeling abolishes the enhancement of exosome diffusion and the subsequent CAF induction. In summary, our finding suggests that early-stage, pre-metastatic cancer cells can generate high forces to align the ECM fibrils, thereby enhancing the diffusion of CAF-promoting exosomes to reach the stroma and induce CAFs.
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281
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Li X, Li C, Zhang L, Wu M, Cao K, Jiang F, Chen D, Li N, Li W. The significance of exosomes in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:1. [PMID: 31901224 PMCID: PMC6942270 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonmalignancy. Exsome plays a significant role in the elucidation of signal transduction pathways between hepatoma cells, angiogenesis and early diagnosis of HCC. Exosomes are small vesicular structures that mediate interaction between different types of cells, and contain a variety of components (including DNA, RNA, and proteins). Numerous studies have shown that these substances in exosomes are involved in growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in liver cancer, and then inhibited the growth of liver cancer by blocking the signaling pathway of liver cancer cells. In addition, the exosomal substances could also be used as markers for screening early liver cancer. In this review, we summarized to reveal the significance of exosomes in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of HCC, which in turn might help us to further elucidate the mechanism of exosomes in HCC, and promote the use of exosomes in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyun Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Maternity, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai,Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai,Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai,Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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282
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Liu X, Jiang T, Li X, Zhao C, Li J, Zhou F, Zhang L, Zhao S, Jia Y, Shi J, Gao G, Li W, Zhao J, Chen X, Su C, Ren S, Zhou C. Exosomes transmit T790M mutation-induced resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC by activating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1529-1540. [PMID: 31894895 PMCID: PMC6991626 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that exosomes derived from drug‐resistant tumour cells are able to horizontally transmit drug‐resistant phenotype to sensitive cells. However, whether exosomes shed by EGFR T790M‐mutant–resistant NSCLC cells could transfer drug resistance to sensitive cells has not been investigated. We isolated exosomes from the conditioned medium (CM) of T790M‐mutant NSCLC cell line H1975 and sensitive cell line PC9. The role and mechanism of exosomes in regulating gefitinib resistance was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Exosome‐derived miRNA expression profiles from PC9 and H1975 were analysed by small RNA sequencing and confirmed by qRT‐PCR. We found that exosomes shed by H1975 could transfer gefitinib resistance to PC9 both in vitro and in vivo through activating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Small RNA sequencing and RT‐PCR confirmed that miR‐3648 and miR‐522‐3p were the two most differentially expressed miRNAs and functional study showed that up‐regulation of miR‐522‐3p could induce gefitinib resistance in PC9 cell. The findings of our study reveal an important mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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283
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El-Saie A, Shivanna B. Novel Strategies to Reduce Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:201. [PMID: 32457857 PMCID: PMC7225259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a developmental lung disorder of preterm infants primarily caused by the failure of host defense mechanisms to prevent tissue injury and facilitate repair. This disorder is the most common complication of premature birth, and its incidence remains unchanged over the past few decades. Additionally, BPD increases long-term cardiopulmonary and neurodevelopmental morbidities of preterm infants. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common morbidity of BPD. Importantly, the presence of PH increases both the short- and long-term morbidities and mortality in BPD infants. Further, there are no curative therapies for this complex disease. Besides providing an overview of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PH associated with BPD, we have attempted to comprehensively review and summarize the current literature on the interventions to prevent and/or mitigate BPD and PH in preclinical studies. Our goal was to provide insight into the therapies that have a high translational potential to meaningfully manage BPD patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Saie
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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284
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Sun H, Shi K, Qi K, Kong H, Zhang J, Dai S, Ye W, Deng T, He Q, Zhou M. Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-3607-3p Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Targeting IL-26. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2819. [PMID: 31921112 PMCID: PMC6918866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have suggested that natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment are involved in the regulation of cancer development. However, the potential biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of NK cells in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. Co-culture system of NK cells with PC cells is used to test the ability of cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. And tail vein intravenous transfer was used to test metastasis in vivo. Meanwhile, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were separated and examined. Furthermore, reporter assay and Biotin-RNA pull down assay were performed to verify the interaction between molecules. NK cells can inhibit the malignant transformation of co-cultured PC cells both in vivo and in vitro, which requires miR-3607-3p. miR-3607-3p is found enriched in the EVs of NK cells and transmitted to PC cells, and low level of miR-3607-3p predicts poor prognosis in PC patients. It can also inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells in vitro. Importantly, IL-26 is found to be a direct target of miR-3607-3p in PC cells. miR-3607-3p enriched in EVs derived from NK cells can inhibit the malignant transformation of PC probably through directly targeting of IL-26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, Center of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiye He
- Singlera Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
- Singlera Genomics (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of ZheJiang Province, Precision Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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285
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Lin Y, Zhu S, Hu C, Wang J, Jiang P, Zhu L, Li Z, Wang S, Zhang Y, Xu X, Pan W. Cross-Species Suppression of Hepatoma Cell Growth and Migration by a Schistosoma japonicum MicroRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:400-412. [PMID: 31655260 PMCID: PMC6831938 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum eggs trapped in host liver secretes microRNA (miRNA)-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be transferred to host cells. Recent studies demonstrated that miRNAs derived from plants can modulate gene expression and phenotype of mammalian cells in a cross-kingdom manner. In this study, we identified a Schistosoma japonicum miRNA (e.g., Sja-miR-3096) that is present in the hepatocytes of mice infected with the parasite and has notable antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The Sja-miR-3096 mimics suppressed cell proliferation and migration of both murine and human hepatoma cell lines by targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II alpha (PIK3C2A). We generated a murine hepatoma cell line that stably expressed the pri-Sja-miR-3096 gene and demonstrated cross-species processing of the schistosome pri-miRNA to the mature Sja-miR-3096 in the mammalian cell. Importantly, inoculation of this cell line into the scapula and livers of mice led to a complete suppression of tumorigenesis of the hepatoma cells. Moreover, tumor weight was significantly reduced on intravenous administration of Sja-miR-3096 mimics. Thus, the schistosome miRNA-mediated antitumor activity occurs in host liver cells during schistosome infection, which may strengthen resistance of host to liver cancer, and discovery and development of such miRNAs may present promising interventions for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanli Zhu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyue Jiang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liufang Zhu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengli Li
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindong Xu
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Tropical Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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286
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Wang L, Yin P, Wang J, Wang Y, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Guan X. Delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles with enriched miR-185 inhibits progression of OPMD. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2481-2491. [PMID: 31219352 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1623232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia is one of the most common oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and its malignant transformation to oral cancer is highly associated with chronic inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosome-delivered microRNAs modulate inflammatory responses and alleviate irritations that predisposes to cancer. We previously reported that microRNA-185 (miR-185) was significantly decreased in the buccal tissue of patients with oral cancer. In this study, we utilized genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived EVs with high expression of miR-185 to pasted MSC-EV-miR-185 on buccal lesions in dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced OPMD model. We found that treatment with MSC-EV-miR-185 remarkably attenuated inflammation severity and significantly decreased the incidence and the number of dysplasia in the OPMD tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly decreased expression of proliferation marker PCNA and angiogenic marker CD31 in the lesion treated with MSC-EV-miR-185. Furthermore, miR-185 specifically targeted Akt genes by promoting activation of the apoptotic pathway, confirmed by the increased levels of activated caspase-3 and 9. In conclusion, genetically modified MSC-derived EVs enriched with miR-185 alleviate inflammatory response, inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and induce cell apoptosis, suggesting that their potential role as a novel therapeutic option for OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yin
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Sun
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- b Genexosome Technologies Inc. , Freehold , NJ , USA.,c Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Guan
- a Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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287
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Gao R, Zhang R, Qian T, Peng X, He W, Zheng S, Cao Y, Pierro A, Shen C. A comparison of exosomes derived from different periods breast milk on protecting against intestinal organoid injury. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:1363-1368. [PMID: 31576466 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Human breast milk reduces the risk and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in high concentrations in milk, and they mediate intercellular communication and immune responses. The aim of this study is to compare the protective effects of exosomes that are derived from different time periods of breast milk production against intestinal injury using an ex vivo intestinal organoid model. METHODS Colostrum, transitional and mature breast milk samples from healthy lactating mothers were collected. Exosomes were isolated using serial ultracentrifugation and filtration. Exosomes' presence was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot. To form the intestinal organoids, terminal ileum was harvested from neonatal mice pups at postnatal day 9, crypts were isolated and organoids were cultured in matrigel. Organoids were either cultured with exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or in treatment groups where both LPS and exosomes were added in the culturing medium. Inflammatory markers and organoids viability were evaluated. MAIN RESULTS Human milk-derived exosomes were successfully isolated and characterized. LPS administration reduced the size of intestinal organoids, induced inflammation through increasing TNFα and TLR4 expression, and stimulated intestinal regeneration. Colostrum, transitional and mature human milk-derived exosome treatment all prevented inflammatory injury, while exosomes derived from colostrum were most effective at reducing inflammatory cytokine. CONCLUSIONS Human breast milk-derived exosomes were able to protect intestine organoids against epithelial injury induced by LPS. Colostrum exosomes offer the best protective effect among the breast-milk derived exosomes. Human milk exosomes can be protective against the development of intestinal injury such as that seen in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan RD, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Qian
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Peng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan RD, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Weijing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan RD, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan RD, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chun Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan RD, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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288
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Liu Z, Liu H, Li Y, Shao Q, Chen J, Song J, Fu R. Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes inhibit osteoblastic differentiation and improve IL-6 secretion of BMSCs from multiple myeloma. J Investig Med 2019; 68:45-51. [PMID: 31784427 PMCID: PMC6996099 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) play a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis by cell contact, and secretion of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are recently reported to mediate local cell-to-cell cross-talk by transferring messenger RNAs, LncRNAs, and proteins. Compelling studies have identified BMSC-derived exosomes induce proliferation, migration, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. However, whether MM cell-derived exosome also plays a role in function in BMSC remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of MM cell-derived exosomes on the interleukin (IL)-6 secretion and osteoblastic differentiation capability of BMSC from patients with MM. Furthermore we investigated the IL-6 secretion relative regulation protein APE1 and NF-kB and osteoblastic differentiation protein Runx2 (runt-related gene 2), Osterix and osteocalcin (OCN). Our results showed that MM cell-derived exosomes promoted IL-6 secretion and suppressed osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MM cell-derived exosomes lead to an increase in APE1 and NF-kB and a reduction in Runx2, Osterix and OCN in BMSCs. Taken together, MM cell-derived exosomes induce the secretion of IL-6 and poor osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Hematology department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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289
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Do MA, Levy D, Brown A, Marriott G, Lu B. Targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to the endocytic compartment in human cells using engineered extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17274. [PMID: 31754156 PMCID: PMC6872767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to the endocytic compartment of human cells represents a transformative technology for treating a large family of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Gaucher disease is one of the most common types of LSDs caused by mutations to the lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Here, we describe a genetic strategy to produce engineered exosomes loaded with GBA in two different spatial configurations for targeted delivery to the endocytic compartment of recipient cells. By fusing human GBA to an exosome-anchoring protein: vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG), we demonstrate that the chimeric proteins were successfully integrated into exosomes which were secreted as extracellular vesicles (EVs) by producer cells. Isolation and molecular characterization of EVs confirmed that the fusion proteins were loaded onto exosomes without altering their surface markers, particle size or distribution. Further, enzyme-loaded exosomes/EVs added to cultured medium were taken up by recipient cells. Further, the endocytosed exosomes/EVs targeted to endocytic compartments exhibited a significant increase in GBA activity. Together, we have developed a novel method for targeting and delivery of lysosomal enzymes to their natural location: the endocytic compartment of recipient cells. Since exosomes/EVs have an intrinsic ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier, our technology may provide a new approach to treat severe types of LSDs, including Gaucher disease with neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Anh Do
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Annie Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Gerard Marriott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720, USA
| | - Biao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.
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290
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Zuo R, Kong L, Wang M, Wang W, Xu J, Chai Y, Guan J, Kang Q. Exosomes derived from human CD34 + stem cells transfected with miR-26a prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 31730486 PMCID: PMC6858646 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Damaged endothelial cells and downregulated osteogenic ability are two key pathogenic mechanisms of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Recent studies suggested that transplantation of CD34+ stem cell-derived exosomes (CD34+-Exos) can treat ischemic diseases by promoting neovascularization and that miR-26a is an important positive regulator of osteogenesis. Moreover, the biological effect of exosomes is closely related to their cargo miRNAs. However, it is not clear whether increasing the abundance of miR-26a in CD34+-Exos will inhibit the progress of GC-induced ONFH. Methods MiR-26a was overexpressed in CD34+-Exos (miR-26a-CD34+-Exos) to increase their osteogenic potential. The angiogenic potential of miR-26a-CD34+-Exos was then examined through evaluations of migration and tube-forming capacities in vitro. In addition, in order to observe the osteogenic effect of miR-26a-CD34+-Exos on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays, and qPCR were carried out. Finally, miR-26a-CD34+-Exos were injected into a GC-induced ONFH rat model to prevent the progress of GC-induced ONFH. The biological effects of miR-26a-CD34+-Exos on the ONFH model were evaluated by micro-CT, angiography, and histological staining. Results Our data showed that miR-26a-CD34+-Exos enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and tube-forming capacities. Furthermore, miR-26a-CD34+-Exos strengthened the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs under the influence of GCs in vitro. Finally, the miR-26a-CD34+-Exos increased the vessel density and trabecular bone integrity of the femoral head in the GC-induced ONFH rat model, which inhibited the progress of ONFH. Conclusions MiR-26a-CD34+-Exos protect the femoral head from damage caused by GCs by strengthening angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The biological effect of miR-26a-CD34+-Exos make them suitable for application in the prevention of GC-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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291
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Rzepiel A, Kutszegi N, Gézsi A, Sági JC, Egyed B, Péter G, Butz H, Nyírő G, Müller J, Kovács GT, Szalai C, Semsei ÁF, Erdélyi DJ. Circulating microRNAs as minimal residual disease biomarkers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:372. [PMID: 31727091 PMCID: PMC6854698 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment stratification based on bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) at set time points has resulted in considerably improved survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment response is assessed using bone marrow samples. MicroRNAs (miRs) easily traffic among fluid spaces and are more stable than most other RNA classes. We examined the role of circulating miRs as putative less invasive MRD biomarkers. Methods In an exploratory experiment, expression of 46 preselected miRs was studied in platelet-free blood plasma samples of 15 de novo, 5 relapsed ALL patients and 10 controls by Custom TaqMan Array Advanced MicroRNA Card. Based on their high expression in ALL compared to controls, and on the reduction observed along the induction therapy, four miRs were selected for further analyses: miR-128-3p, -181a-5p, -181b-5p and 222-3p. Their expression was measured by qPCR at 4 time points in 27 de novo ALL patients treated in the ALL IC-BFM 2009 study. Results The expression of all 4 miRs significantly decreased over the first week of therapy (miR-128-3p: log2 fold change − 2.86; adjusted p 3.6 × 10−7; miR-181b-5p: log2 fold change − 1.75; adjusted p 1.48 × 10−2; miR-181a-5p: log2 fold change -1.33; adjusted p 3.12 × 10−2; miR-222-3p: log2 fold change − 1.25; adjusted p 1.66 × 10−2). However, no significant further reduction in miR expression was found after the 8th day of therapy. Measured drop in expression of 2 miRs at day 8 strongly correlated with day 15 bone marrow flow cytometry MRD results (miR-128-3p: Pearson’s r = 0.88, adjusted p = 2.71 × 10−4; miR-222-3p: r = 0.81, adjusted p = 2.99 × 10−3). Conclusion In conclusion, these circulating miRs might act as biomarkers of residual leukemia. MiR-128-3p and miR-222-3p in blood predict day 15 flow cytometry MRD results 7 days earlier. Although, their sensitivity falls behind that of bone marrow flow cytometry MRD at day 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rzepiel
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kutszegi
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Gézsi
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit C Sági
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Egyed
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Henriett Butz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyírő
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Müller
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor T Kovács
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szalai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes F Semsei
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel J Erdélyi
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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292
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Woith E, Fuhrmann G, Melzig MF. Extracellular Vesicles-Connecting Kingdoms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5695. [PMID: 31739393 PMCID: PMC6888613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released particles from cells, delimited by a lipid bilayer, and cannot replicate. These nano- to micrometer scaled spheres shuttle a set of bioactive molecules. EVs are of great interest as vehicles for drug targeting and in fundamental biological research, but in vitro culture of animal cells usually achieves only small yields. The exploration of other biological kingdoms promises comprehensive knowledge on EVs broadening the opportunities for basic understanding and therapeutic use. Thus, plants might be sustainable biofactories producing nontoxic and highly specific nanovectors, whereas bacterial and fungal EVs are promising vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. Importantly, EVs from different eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms are involved in many processes including host-pathogen interactions, spreading of resistances, and plant diseases. More extensive knowledge of inter-species and interkingdom regulation could provide advantages for preventing and treating pests and pathogens. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of EVs derived from eukaryota and prokaryota and we discuss how better understanding of their intercommunication role provides opportunities for both fundamental and applied biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Woith
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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293
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Emerging Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs as Drivers of Brain Evolution. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111399. [PMID: 31698782 PMCID: PMC6912723 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes encode tens of thousands of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are capable of interactions with DNA, RNA and protein molecules, thereby enabling a variety of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory activities. Strikingly, about 40% of lncRNAs are expressed specifically in the brain with precisely regulated temporal and spatial expression patterns. In stark contrast to the highly conserved repertoire of protein-coding genes, thousands of lncRNAs have newly appeared during primate nervous system evolution with hundreds of human-specific lncRNAs. Their evolvable nature and the myriad of potential functions make lncRNAs ideal candidates for drivers of human brain evolution. The human brain displays the largest relative volume of any animal species and the most remarkable cognitive abilities. In addition to brain size, structural reorganization and adaptive changes represent crucial hallmarks of human brain evolution. lncRNAs are increasingly reported to be involved in neurodevelopmental processes suggested to underlie human brain evolution, including proliferation, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, as well as in neuroplasticity. Hence, evolutionary human brain adaptations are proposed to be essentially driven by lncRNAs, which will be discussed in this review.
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294
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Liang ZX, Liu HS, Wang FW, Xiong L, Zhou C, Hu T, He XW, Wu XJ, Xie D, Wu XR, Lan P. LncRNA RPPH1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by interacting with TUBB3 and by promoting exosomes-mediated macrophage M2 polarization. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:829. [PMID: 31685807 PMCID: PMC6828701 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a well-known poor prognostic factor in cancer. However, the mechanisms how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Besides, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression, yet the contribution of lncRNA-mediated crosstalk between TAMs and CRC cells to tumor progression is not well understood. In this study, we report that lncRNA RPPH1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues, and the RPPH1 overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis. RPPH1 was found to promote CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RPPH1 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells via interacting with β-III tubulin (TUBB3) to prevent its ubiquitination. Furthermore, CRC cell-derived exosomes transported RPPH1 into macrophages which mediate macrophage M2 polarization, thereby in turn promoting metastasis and proliferation of CRC cells. In addition, exosomal RPPH1 levels in blood plasma turned out to be higher in treatment-naive CRC patients but lower after tumor resection. Compared to CEA and CA199, exosomal RPPH1 in CRC plasma displayed a better diagnostic value (AUC = 0.86). Collectively, RPPH1 serves as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Rui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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295
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Glia-derived exosomal miR-274 targets Sprouty in trachea and synaptic boutons to modulate growth and responses to hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24651-24661. [PMID: 31666321 PMCID: PMC6900535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902537116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate interorgan/tissue communications by modulating target gene expression, thereby regulating developmental and physiological functions. However, the source, route, and function in target cells have not been formally established for specific miRNAs. Here, we show that glial miR-274 non-cell-autonomously modulates the growth of synaptic boutons and tracheal branches. Whereas the precursor form of miR-274 is expressed in glia, the mature form of miR-274 distributes broadly, including in synaptic boutons, muscle cells, and tracheal cells. Mature miR-274 is secreted from glia to the circulating hemolymph as an exosomal cargo, a process requiring ESCRT components in exosome biogenesis and Rab11 and Syx1A in exosome release. We further show that miR-274 can function in the neurons or tracheal cells to modulate the growth of synaptic boutons and tracheal branches, respectively. Also, miR-274 uptake into the target cells by AP-2-dependent mechanisms modulates target cell growth. In the target cells, miR-274 down-regulates Sprouty (Sty) through a targeting sequence at the sty 3' untranslated region, thereby enhancing MAPK signaling and promoting cell growth. miR-274 expressed in glia of an mir-274 null mutant is released as an exosomal cargo in the circulating hemolymph, and such glial-specific expression resets normal levels of Sty and MAPK signaling and modulates target cell growth. mir-274 mutant larvae are hypersensitive to hypoxia, which is suppressed by miR-274 expression in glia or by increasing tracheal branches. Thus, glia-derived miR-274 coordinates growth of synaptic boutons and tracheal branches to modulate larval hypoxia responses.
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296
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Kim H, Wang SY, Kwak G, Yang Y, Kwon IC, Kim SH. Exosome-Guided Phenotypic Switch of M1 to M2 Macrophages for Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900513. [PMID: 31637157 PMCID: PMC6794619 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mϕs) critically contribute to wound healing by coordinating inflammatory, proliferative, and angiogenic processes. A proper switch from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 dominant Mϕs accelerates the wound healing processes leading to favorable wound-care outcomes. Herein, an exosome-guided cell reprogramming technique is proposed to directly convert M1 to M2 Mϕs for effective wound management. The M2 Mϕ-derived exosomes (M2-Exo) induce a complete conversion of M1 to M2 Mϕs in vitro. The reprogrammed M2 Mϕs turn Arginase (M2-marker) and iNOS (M1-marker) on and off, respectively, and exhibit distinct phenotypic and functional features of M2 Mϕs. M2-Exo has not only Mϕ reprogramming factors but also various cytokines and growth factors promoting wound repair. After subcutaneous administration of M2-Exo into the wound edge, the local populations of M1 and M2 Mϕs are markedly decreased and increased, respectively, showing a successful exosome-guided switch to M2 Mϕ polarization. The direct conversion of M1 to M2 Mϕs at the wound site accelerates wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition. The Mϕ phenotype switching induced by exosomes possessing the excellent cell reprogramming capability and innate biocompatibility can be a promising therapeutic approach for various inflammation-associated disorders by regulating the balance between pro- versus anti-inflammatory Mϕs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Wang
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Kwak
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
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297
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Ma C, Jiang F, Ma Y, Wang J, Li H, Zhang J. Isolation and Detection Technologies of Extracellular Vesicles and Application on Cancer Diagnostic. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819891004. [PMID: 31839757 PMCID: PMC6902397 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819891004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancers are treatable when diagnosed early. However, due to the elusive trace and the limitation of traditional biopsies, most cancers have already spread widely and are at advanced stages when they are first diagnosed, causing ever-increasing mortality in the past decades. Hence, developing reliable methods for early detection and diagnosis of cancer is indispensable. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as circulating phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells, are found to play significant roles in the intercellular communication as well as the setup of tumor microenvironments and have been identified as one of the key factors in the next-generation technique for cancer diagnosis. However, EVs present in complex biofluids that contain various contaminations such as nonvesicle proteins and nonspecific EVs, resulting in the interference of screening for desired biomarkers. Therefore, applicable isolation and enrichment methods that guarantee scale-up of sample volume, purity, speed, yield, and tumor specificity are necessary. In this review, we introduce current technologies for EV separation and summarize biomarkers toward EV-based cancer liquid biopsy. In conclusion, a novel systematic isolation method that guarantees high purity, recovery rate, and tumor specificity is still missing. Besides that, a dual-model EV-based clinical trial system includes isolation and detection is a hot trend in the future due to efficient point-of-care needs. In addition, cancer-related biomarkers discovery and biomarker database establishment are essential objectives in the research field for diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinqiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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298
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Wang L, Jia Q, Xinnong C, Xie Y, Yang Y, Zhang A, Liu R, Zhuo Y, Zhang J. Role of cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosome-mediated microRNA-210 in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7124-7131. [PMID: 31557390 PMCID: PMC6815838 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells are considered to be one of the most promising stem cells for heart regeneration and repair. The cardiac protective effect of CPCs is mainly achieved by reducing tissue damage and/or promoting tissue repair through a paracrine mechanism. Exosome is a factor that plays a major role in the paracrine effect of CPCs. By delivering microRNAs to target cells and regulating their functions, exosomes have shown significant beneficial effects in slowing down cardiac injury and promoting cardiac repair. Among them, miRNA-210 is an important anoxic-related miRNA derived from CPCs exosomes, which has great cardiac protective effect of inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis and improving cardiac function. In addition, circulating miR-210 may be a useful biomarker for the prediction or diagnosis of related cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly reviewed the mechanism of miR-210 derived from CPCs exosomes in cardiac protection in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiujin Jia
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Xinnong
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Runteng Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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299
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Tian H, Pang J, Qin K, Yuan W, Kong J, Ma H, He J, Yang X, Luo Y, Lu Y, Lin B, Liu T. A Novel Tissue-Based Liver-Kidney-on-a-Chip Can Mimic Liver Tropism of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Breast Cancer Cells. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900107. [PMID: 31473998 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cancer cells remodel distant organs to promote metastasis in vivo. A biomimetic microsystem may compensate costly and time-consuming animal models to accelerate the study of EV organotropism. A tissue-based liver-kidney-on-a-chip is developed with precision-cut tissue slices (PTSs) cultured to represent individual organs. The organotropism of breast cancer EVs is modeled using the biomimetic microsystem. A traditional animal model of EV organotropism is used to investigate the physiological similarity of the microfluidic model to animal models. It is demonstrated that breast cancer EVs show strong liver tropism rather than kidney tropism on both the microfluidic and animal models. It is found that the metastatic inhibitor AMD3100 inhibits liver tropism effectively in both the microfluidic and animal models. Overall, the tropism of EVs to different organs is reconstituted on the microfluidic model. The liver-kidney-on-a-chip may expand the capabilities of traditional cell culture models and provide a faster alternative to animal models for EV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Tian
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiushen Pang
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Weimo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jing Kong
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hongjuan Ma
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junzhou He
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian Technology University, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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300
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Pucci C, Martinelli C, Ciofani G. Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: current perspectives and new challenges. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:961. [PMID: 31537986 PMCID: PMC6753017 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, cancer is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide and, even though much progress has been achieved in medicine, there are still many issues that must be addressed in order to improve cancer therapy. For this reason, oncological research is putting a lot of effort towards finding new and efficient therapies which can alleviate critical side effects caused by conventional treatments. Different technologies are currently under evaluation in clinical trials or have been already introduced into clinical practice. While nanomedicine is contributing to the development of biocompatible materials both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, bioengineering of extracellular vesicles and cells derived from patients has allowed designing ad hoc systems and univocal targeting strategies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth analysis of the most innovative advances in basic and applied cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pucci
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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