251
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Ozdemir C, Sendir M, Eren R, Bakir GK, Kizil H. Effect of evidence-based nursing practices on individualised care: A cross-sectional descriptive study. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 39358970 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to determine the effect of nurses' attitudes towards evidence-based practices on individualised nursing care. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional descriptive trial. The descriptive analysis included 200 clinical nurses working in a private hospital between April and September 2022. Data were collected with a personal information form, Individualised Care Scale (A-Nurse Version), and Evidence-Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire. The relationship between the scales and effect was examined by Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc (Tukey, LSD) analysis were used in the statistical analysis of nurses according to their descriptive characteristics. This study has adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting. RESULTS They had high mean scores on Individualised Care Scale total (3.68 ± 1.25) and from Clinical Situation (3.78 ± 1.30) and Decisional Control (3.82 ± 1.35) subscales and average score from the Personal Life (3.32 ± 1.29) subscale. Their mean score from the Evidence-Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire was average (47.64 ± 10.99). There was a positive moderate (r = 0.50, p = 0.000 < 0.05) significant correlation between the scales. CONCLUSION Positive attitude towards evidence-based nursing practices positively affects individualised care. Variables such as professional experience positively affect nurses' attitudes towards evidence-based nursing. A positive and significant relationship was found between nurses' attitudes towards evidence-based practice and their attitudes towards individualised care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevriye Ozdemir
- Incesu Ayşe and Saffet Arslan Health Services Vocational School, University of Kayseri, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merdiye Sendir
- Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Eren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hamiyet Kizil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beykent, Istanbul, Turkey
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252
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Li M, Miao L, Xu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang F. Hypoxia-Responsive Biomimetic Nanobubbles for Oxygen Delivery Promote Synergistic Ischemic Stroke Protection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:52036-52046. [PMID: 39315539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Effective, precise, and controllable oxygen delivery is crucial for regulating the oxygenation balance of brain tissue at the early stages of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) because the absence of oxygen may result in a series of highly interconnected vascular-neural pathological events, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroapoptosis. In this study, platelet membrane-reassembled oxygen nanobubbles (PONBs) were constructed for oxygen delivery to protect AIS. Benefiting from the preserved natural targeting ability of platelet membranes, oxygen can be controlled release into the hypoxia lesion at the preperfusion stage due to vascular injury targeting and oxygen sustained diffusion capability after PONBs administration. Furthermore, synergizing with bioactive components carried by platelet membranes, PONBs can inhibit post-AIS vascular occlusion and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating enhanced oxygen delivery of PONBs, establishing a positive feedback loop between oxygen delivery and AIS protection. Additionally, the accumulation of PONBs enhances the ultrasound imaging contrast, enabling precise localization and dynamic monitoring of AIS lesions. Thus, PONBs represent a promising strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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253
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van Allen ZM, Orsholits D, Boisgontier MP. Prestroke Physical Activity Matters for Functional Limitations: A Longitudinal Case-Control Study of 12,860 Participants. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae094. [PMID: 39012033 PMCID: PMC11446638 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the chronic phase after a stroke, limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) initially plateau before steadily increasing. The benefits of prestroke physical activity on these limitations remain unclear. To clarify this relationship, the effect of physical activity on the long-term evolution of functional limitations in a cohort of people with stroke compared to a cohort of matched adults without stroke was examined. METHODS Longitudinal data from 2143 people with stroke and 10,717 adults without stroke aged 50 years and older were drawn from a prospective cohort study based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2022; eight data collection waves). Physical activity was assessed in the prestroke wave. Functional limitations were assessed in the poststroke waves. Each person with stroke was matched with five adults without stroke who had similar propensity scores computed on the basis of key covariates, including baseline age, sex, body mass index, limitations in ADLs and IADLs, chronic conditions, and country of residence, before any of the participants from either cohort had experienced a stroke. RESULTS Results showed an interaction between stroke status and physical activity on ADL limitations (b = -0.076; 95% CI = -0.142 to -0.011), with the beneficial effect of physical activity being stronger in people with stroke (b = -0.345; 95% CI = -0.438 to -0.252) than in adults without stroke (b = -0.269; 95% CI = -0.269 to -0.241). CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of prestroke physical activity on ADL limitations after stroke is stronger than its effect in matched adults without stroke followed for a similar number of years. IMPACT Physical activity, an intervention within the physical therapist's scope of practice, is effective in reducing the risk of functional dependence after stroke. Moreover, prestroke levels of physical activity can inform the prognosis of functional dependence in people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M van Allen
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Perley Health Centre of Excellence in Frailty-Informed Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Orsholits
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Perley Health Centre of Excellence in Frailty-Informed Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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254
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Freuer D, Meisinger C. Mediation-adjusted multivariable Mendelian randomisation study identified novel metabolites related to mental health. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:e301230. [PMID: 39357909 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From the pathway perspective, metabolites have the potential to improve knowledge about the aetiology of psychiatric diseases. Previous studies suggested a link between specific blood metabolites and mental disorders, but some Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies in particular are insufficient for various reasons. OBJECTIVE This study focused on bias assessment due to interdependencies between metabolites and psychiatric mediation effects. METHODS In a multistep framework containing network and multivariable MR, direct effects of 21 mutually adjusted metabolites on 8 psychiatric disorders were estimated based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from multiple resources. Robust inverse-variance weighted models were used in primary analyses. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess different patterns of pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. Estimates for the same phenotypes from different resources were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis models. FINDINGS After adjusting for mediation effects, genetically predicted metabolite levels of six metabolites of lipid, amino acid and cofactors pathways were directly associated with overall six mental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia). Point estimates ranged from -0.45 (95% CI -0.67; -0.24, p=1.0×104) to 1.78 (95% CI 0.85; 2.71, p=0.006). No associations were found with anxiety and suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into new metabolic pathways that seems to be causally related to certain mental disorders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Further studies are needed to investigate whether the identified associations are effects of the metabolites itself or the biochemical pathway regulating the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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255
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Wang M, Liu Y, Li S, Azimi P, Chen S, Yim SHL. Air quality and health benefits of achieving carbon-neutrality in building sector over Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122652. [PMID: 39362163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
To meet the goal of the Paris Agreement, China pledges to realize the "Dual Carbon" targets by 2060. As the capital of China, Beijing plays a leading role in becoming zero-emission or carbon neutral in the future. We project the pollutants emissions of building sector based on current strict clean air policies (PO scenario) and China's carbon neutrality target by 2060 (CN scenario) from 2019 to 2050. Results show that PM2.5 concentration will increase by 2.62 μg/m3 under PO scenario; under the CN scenario, ozone concentration will increase by 2.53 μg/m3 but PM2.5 concentration will reduce by 9.04 μg/m3. It is projected that China carbon neutrality goals could avoid 11.12% of PM2.5-related health burden; With strict clean air policies, health burdens of ozone (3.9%) and PM2.5 (4.1%) could be avoided, respectively. This study highlights the importance of achieving co-benefits of air quality and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong; School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sumei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Parham Azimi
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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256
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Koohsar R, Orouji A, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Multicolorimetric Sensor Array Based on Silver Metallization of Gold Nanorods for Discriminating Dopaminergic Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3513-3524. [PMID: 39159056 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic agents are compounds that modulate dopamine-related activity in the brain and peripheral nerves within the pathways on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Atypical levels of them can precipitate a multitude of neurological disorders, whose timely diagnosis signifies not only stopping the advancement of the illness but also surmounting it. A silver metallized gold nanorod (AuNRs) conditional sensor array, designed to detect dopaminergic agents for assessing nervous system disorders, yielded significant results in simultaneous detection and discrimination of Benserazide (Benz), Levodopa (L-DOPA), and Carbidopa (Carb). The array was composed of two different concentrations of silver ions as sensor elements (SEs), which generated unique signatures indicative of the presence of reductive target analytes, triggered by the incongruent formation of the Au@Ag core-shell, causing visual and fingerprint colorimetric patterns. Generating diverse responses is the key to the functionality of array-based sensing, which facilitated achieving spectral and color variation originating from the blue shift of AuNRs longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LLSPR) in the extinction spectrum. Also, employing a smartphone camera enables clear visual discrimination across an extensive concentration span. Pattern recognition through linear discriminant analysis (LDA) underscored the robust discrimination accuracies of this sensor, along with quantification by means of partial least-squares regression (PLSR), affirming its potential for practical applications. Notably, the array demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting varied concentrations of target analytes, even in commercial drug samples. The sensor responses exhibited a linear correlation with the concentrations of Benz, L-DOPA, and Carb ranging from 1.59 to 100.0, 5.26 to 100.0, and 5.32 to 100.0 μmol L-1, respectively, and the minimum detectable concentrations for Benz, L-DOPA, and Carb were measured at 0.53, 1.75, and 1.77 μmol L-1, respectively. The implemented machine-learning-empowered array-based sensor represents advancements in dopaminergic agent tracing and naked eye detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Koohsar
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 111559516, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Orouji
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 111559516, Iran
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257
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Parra-Barrera EL, Bello-Piruccini S, Rodríguez K, Duarte-Valderrama C, Torres M, Undurraga EA. Serologically Confirmed Human Leptospirosis in Colombia, 2015-2020. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 111:856-864. [PMID: 39106850 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with infected animals or contaminated water sources, imposes a substantial health burden in Colombia. Since 2007, the National Institute of Health (INS) has mandated the notification and confirmation of all suspected leptospirosis cases. This passive surveillance program employs the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) on serum samples to ascertain confirmed cases of leptospirosis infection. However, the absence of a robust surveillance system has hindered our comprehensive understanding of the morbidity, mortality, geographical distribution, species/serovars, and strains responsible for severe disease. Our study aimed to provide an epidemiological overview of MAT-confirmed human leptospirosis cases reported over 6 years (2015-2020) in Colombia. In addition, we offer insights into the status of leptospirosis in the country, focusing on risk factors and proposing potential improvements for diagnosis and disease management. During the 6-year surveillance period, the laboratory at the INS received 3,535 serum samples from suspected human leptospirosis cases, with 880 (25%) confirmed through MAT. The incidence of leptospirosis was calculated at 1.9 cases per 100,000 people, with a higher prevalence among men (82.1%). Furthermore, 54 (6.1%) deaths were confirmed as leptospirosis, and cases were documented across nearly all regions of Colombia. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to strengthen leptospirosis laboratory surveillance, implement effective prevention measures, and enhance diagnostic capabilities in Colombia. The analysis conducted in this study provides the groundwork for estimating the impact of leptospirosis and raises awareness of its significance in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana L Parra-Barrera
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Studies and Clinical Epidemiology Division, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Karina Rodríguez
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Marisa Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Undurraga
- Multidisciplinary Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- The Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
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258
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Nording H, Müller OJ. CITED4 gene therapy: Can it be cited for preventing maladaptive post-ischemic cardiac remodeling? Mol Ther 2024; 32:3217-3219. [PMID: 39317189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Nording
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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259
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Lu X, Xie Q, Pan X, Zhang R, Zhang X, Peng G, Zhang Y, Shen S, Tong N. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:262. [PMID: 39353925 PMCID: PMC11445387 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and it is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and we named it metabolic dysfunction syndrome (MDS). The pathogenesis of T2D is not fully understood, with IR and β cell dysfunction playing central roles in its pathophysiology. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, along with other metabolic disorders, results in IR and/or islet β cell dysfunction via some shared pathways, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and ectopic lipid deposition. There is currently no cure for T2D, but it can be prevented or in remission by lifestyle intervention and/or some medication. If prevention fails, holistic and personalized management should be taken as soon as possible through timely detection and diagnosis, considering target organ protection, comorbidities, treatment goals, and other factors in reality. T2D is often accompanied by other components of MDS, such as preobesity/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, dyslipidemia, which usually occurs before it, and they are considered as the upstream diseases of T2D. It is more appropriate to call "diabetic complications" as "MDS-related target organ damage (TOD)", since their development involves not only hyperglycemia but also other metabolic disorders of MDS, promoting an up-to-date management philosophy. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism, screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of T2D, especially regarding the personalized selection of hypoglycemic agents and holistic management based on the concept of "MDS-related TOD".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruining Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sumin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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260
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Lo FMW, Wong EML, Lam KKW, Liu Q, Yang F, Jiang L, Huang X, Ho KY. Integrated Health Education Programmes With Physical Activity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: An Integrative Review of Experimental Studies. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39356037 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of integrated health education programmes with physical activity among community-dwelling older adults at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). DESIGN Integrative review. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of experimental studies was conducted in six electronic databases and one registry from inception to December 2022. METHODS Two researchers independently conducted the eligibility screening, quality appraisal and data extraction. A total of 11 studies, which were published between 1996 and 2021, were included in the review and were analysed by narrative synthesis. RESULTS The 11 included studies involved 1973 participants. The findings indicate that integrated health education programmes with physical activity have potential benefit in short-term weight management among community-dwelling older adults at risk of ASCVD. Nevertheless, the programmes appear ineffective on body mass index, short-term lipid profiles, diastolic blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose. Further investigation is recommended to confirm the programme effects on physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy, systolic BP, waist circumference, long-term lipid profiles, long-term weight management and cardiac endurance. The findings suggest that body mass index may not be a sensitive indicator of obesity in the elderly population and should be measured along with waist circumference to better predict the risk of ASCVD. The available evidence is restricted in its robustness and generalisability. As most included studies were conducted in the United States, more studies should be implemented in other countries to enhance study generalisability. CONCLUSIONS The effects of integrated health education programmes with physical activity among community-dwelling older adults at risk of ASCVD remain inconclusive. Further research with adequate statistical power and good methodology is warranted. IMPACT The findings provide insights into whether health education programmes with physical activity effectively improve various outcomes, and suggest that researchers should include exercise self-efficacy and cardiac endurance in future studies. REPORTING METHOD Adhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This review was conducted without patient or public participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora M W Lo
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eliza M L Wong
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Qi Liu
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Funa Yang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xinlin Huang
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ka Yan Ho
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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261
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Yin J, Xu X, Guo Y, Sun C, Yang Y, Liu H, Yu P, Wu T, Song X. Repair and regeneration: ferroptosis in the process of remodeling and fibrosis in impaired organs. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:424. [PMID: 39358326 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As common clinical-pathological processes, wound healing and tissue remodelling following injury or stimulation are essential topics in medical research. Promoting the effective healing of prolonged wounds, improving tissue repair and regeneration, and preventing fibrosis are important and challenging issues in clinical practice. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, is a nontraditional form of regulated cell death. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated metabolic pathways and impaired iron homeostasis play important roles in various healing and regeneration processes via ferroptosis. Thus, we review the intrinsic mechanisms of tissue repair and remodeling via ferroptosis in different organs and systems under various conditions, including the inflammatory response in skin wounds, remodeling of joints and cartilage, and fibrosis in multiple organs. Additionally, we summarize the common underlying mechanisms, key molecules, and targeted drugs for ferroptosis in repair and regeneration. Finally, we discuss the potential of therapeutic agents, small molecules, and novel materials emerging for targeting ferroptosis to promote wound healing and tissue repair and attenuate fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Second Clinical Medicine College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Pengyi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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Guarnieri L, Castronuovo L, Flexner N, Yang Y, L'Abbe MR, Tiscornia V. Monitoring sodium content in processed and ultraprocessed foods in Argentina 2022: compliance with National Legislation and Regional Targets. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e193. [PMID: 39354662 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the current Na levels in a variety of processed food groups and categories available in the Argentinean market to monitor compliance with the National Law and to compare the current Na content levels with the updated Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) regional targets. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Argentina. Data were collected during March 2022 in the city of Buenos Aires in two of the main supermarket chains. We carried out a systematic survey of pre-packaged food products available in the food supply assessing Na content as reported in nutrition information panels. RESULTS We surveyed 3997 food products, and the Na content of 760 and 2511 of them was compared with the maximum levels according to the Argentinean law and the regional targets, respectively. All food categories presented high variability of Na content. More than 90 % of the products included in the National Sodium Reduction Law were found to be compliant. Food groups with high median Na, such as meat and fish condiments, leavening flour and appetisers are not included in the National Law. In turn, comparisons with PAHO regional targets indicated that more than 50 % of the products were found to exceed the regional targets for Na. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that it is imperative to update the National Sodium Reduction Law based on regional public health standards, adding new food groups and setting more stringent legal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Guarnieri
- Fundación Interamericana del Corazón Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nadia Flexner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yahan Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mary R L'Abbe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
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263
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Harper JR, Schiff SJ. Engineering Principles and Bioengineering in Global Health. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:481-488. [PMID: 39244320 PMCID: PMC11386904 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Medical technology plays a significant role in the reduction of disability and mortality due to the global burden of disease. The lack of diagnostic technology has been identified as the largest gap in the global health care pathway, and the cost of this technology is a driving factor for its lack of proliferation. Technology developed in high-income countries is often focused on producing high-quality, patient-specific data at a cost high-income markets can pay. While machine learning plays an important role in this process, great care must be taken to ensure appropriate translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Harper
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Paraguayo Alemana, Lope de Vega nro. 1279, San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Facultad de Informática, Universidad Comunera, Monseñor Bogarín 284, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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264
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Bastian-Pétrel K, Rohmann JL, Oertelt-Prigione S, Piccininni M, Gayraud K, Kelly-Irving M, Bajos N. Sex and gender bias in chronic coronary syndromes research: analysis of studies used to inform the 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 45:101041. [PMID: 39279866 PMCID: PMC11402417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Sex and gender inequalities in ischemic heart diseases persist. Although ischemic heart disease is less common in women, they experience worse clinical outcomes and are less likely to receive guideline-recommended treatments. The primary scientific literature from which clinical guideline recommendations are derived may not have considered potential sex- and gender biases. This study aims to determine whether the literature cited in recent cardiovascular guidelines' clinical recommendations contain sex and gender biases. Methods We analysed publications cited in the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline recommendations on chronic coronary syndromes, using a checklist to guide data extraction and evaluate the individual studies for sex- and gender-related aspects, such as inclusion/exclusion criteria, outcome measures, and demographic data reporting. To assess representation over time, the proportion of women participants in each study was computed and analysed using a beta regression model. We also examined the associations between women's representation, journal impact factor and author gender. Findings Among the 20 ESC recommendations on chronic coronary syndromes, four contained sex-related statements; we did not identify any gender-specific suggestions. The referenced literature upon which these recommendations were based consisted of 108 articles published between 1991 and 2019, encompassing more than 1.6 million study participants (26.8%; 432,284 women). Only three studies incorporated sex-sensitive designs; none were gender-specific. The term "gender" did not occur in 84% (n = 91/108) of the publications; when used, it was exclusively to denote biological sex. The proportion of women (assumed by investigators) among study participants fluctuated over time. Having a woman as first (odds ratio (OR) = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.19-2.39) or last author (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31-3.97), was significantly associated with having more women participants in the study. Interpretation The data underlying ESC guideline recommendations largely lack reporting of possible sex- and gender-specific aspects, and women are distinctly underrepresented. To what extent these recommendations apply to members of specific population groups who are not well-represented in the underlying evidence base remains unknown. Funding This study is part of the Gender and Health Inequalities (GENDHI) project, ERC-2019-SyG. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Bastian-Pétrel
- CERPOP-UMR1295, Université de Toulouse III, UPS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux - Sciences Sociales, Politique, Santé, IRIS (UMR 8156 CNRS - EHESS - U997 INSERM), Aubervilliers, France
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica L Rohmann
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- AG 10 Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Medicine, Medical Faculty OWL, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marco Piccininni
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Gayraud
- Department of Aviation and Space Psychology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Bajos
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux - Sciences Sociales, Politique, Santé, IRIS (UMR 8156 CNRS - EHESS - U997 INSERM), Aubervilliers, France
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265
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Bernal-Jiménez JJ, Dileone M, Mordillo-Mateos L, Martín-Conty JL, Durantez-Fernández C, Viñuela A, Martín-Rodríguez F, Lerin-Calvo A, Alcántara-Porcuna V, Polonio-López B. Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Hand Robotic Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 103:875-882. [PMID: 38363693 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of combining transcranial direct current stimulation with end-effector robot-assisted treatment on upper limb function, spasticity, and hand dexterity in chronic stroke patients. DESIGN This was a prospective, double-blind randomized trial with 20 equally allocated stroke patients. The experimental group received dual transcranial direct current stimulation (anode over affected M1, cathode over contralateral M1) alongside robot-assisted treatment, while the control group received sham transcranial direct current stimulation with the same electrode placement + robot-assisted treatment. Each patient underwent 20 combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted treatment sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb motor score, with secondary outcomes including AMADEO kinematic measures, Action Research Arm Test, and Functional Independence Measure. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after rehabilitation, and 3 mos later. RESULTS Combining bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation with robot-assisted treatment did not yield additional improvements in Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb motor score, Functional Independence Measure, or Action Research Arm Test scores among stroke patients. However, the real transcranial direct current stimulation group showed enhanced finger flexion in the affected hand based on AMADEO kinematic measures. CONCLUSIONS The addition of transcranial direct current stimulation to robot-assisted treatment did not result in significant overall functional improvements in chronic stroke patients. However, a benefit was observed in finger flexion of the affected hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Bernal-Jiménez
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain (JJB-J, MD, LM-M, JLM-C, AV, VA-P, BP-L); Technological Innovation Applied to Health Research Group (ITAS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain (JJB-J, MD, LM-M, JLM-C, AV, VA-P, BP-L); Neurology Department, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, SESCAM Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain (DM); Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (CD-F); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (FM-R); Prehospital Early Warning Scoring-System Investigation Group, Valladolid, Spain (FM-R); Advanced Life Support, Emergency Medical Services (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain (FM-R); Neuron Neurobotic, Madrid, Spain (AL-C); and Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University La Salle, Madrid, Spain (AL-C)
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266
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Mutlu O, Saribay M, Yavuz MM, Salman HE, Al-Nabti ARDMH, Yalcin HC. Material modeling and recent findings in transcatheter aortic valve implantation simulations. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 255:108314. [PMID: 39024970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has significantly transformed the management of aortic valve (AV) diseases, presenting a minimally invasive option compared to traditional surgical valve replacement. Computational simulations of TAVI become more popular and offer a detailed investigation by employing patient-specific models. On the other hand, employing accurate material modeling procedures and applying basic modeling steps are crucial to determining reliable numerical results. Therefore, this review aims to outline the basic modeling approaches for TAVI, focusing on material modeling and geometry extraction, as well as summarizing the important findings from recent computational studies to guide future research in the field. METHODS This paper explains the basic steps and important points in setting up and running TAVI simulations. The material properties of the leaflets, valves, stents, and tissues utilized in TAVI simulations are provided, along with a comprehensive explanation of the geometric extraction methods employed. The differences between the finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and fluid-structure interaction approaches are pointed out and the important aspects of TAVI modeling are described by elucidating the recent computational studies. RESULTS The results of the recent findings on TAVI simulations are summarized to demonstrate its powerful potential. It is observed that the material properties of aortic tissues and components of implanted valves should be modeled realistically to determine accurate results. For patient-specific AV geometries, incorporating calcific deposits on the leaflets is essential for ensuring the accuracy of computational findings. The results of numerical TAVI simulations indicate the significance of the selection of optimal valves and precise deployment within the appropriate anatomical position. These factors collectively contribute to the effective functionality of the implanted valve. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies in the literature have revealed the critical importance of patient-specific modeling, the selection of accurate material models, and bio-prosthetic valve diameters. Additionally, these studies emphasize the necessity of precise positioning of bio-prosthetic valves to achieve optimal performance in TAVI, characterized by an increased effective orifice area and minimal paravalvular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Mutlu
- Qatar University, Biomedical Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Murat Saribay
- Istanbul Bilgi University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Metin Yavuz
- Middle East Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Enes Salman
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Huseyin Cagatay Yalcin
- Qatar University, Biomedical Research Center, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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267
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Qiu W, Quan C, Zhu L, Yu Y, Wang Z, Ma Y, Sun M, Chang Y, Qian K, Hu B, Yamamoto Y, Schuller BW. Heart Sound Abnormality Detection From Multi-Institutional Collaboration: Introducing a Federated Learning Framework. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:2802-2813. [PMID: 38700959 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2024.3393557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases is a crucial task in medical practice. With the application of computer audition in the healthcare field, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to clinical non-invasive intelligent auscultation of heart sounds to provide rapid and effective pre-screening. However, AI models generally require large amounts of data which may cause privacy issues. Unfortunately, it is difficult to collect large amounts of healthcare data from a single centre. METHODS In this study, we propose federated learning (FL) optimisation strategies for the practical application in multi-centre institutional heart sound databases. The horizontal FL is mainly employed to tackle the privacy problem by aligning the feature spaces of FL participating institutions without information leakage. In addition, techniques based on deep learning have poor interpretability due to their "black-box" property, which limits the feasibility of AI in real medical data. To this end, vertical FL is utilised to address the issues of model interpretability and data scarcity. CONCLUSION Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed FL framework can achieve good performance for heart sound abnormality detection by taking the personal privacy protection into account. Moreover, using the federated feature space is beneficial to balance the interpretability of the vertical FL and the privacy of the data. SIGNIFICANCE This work realises the potential of FL from research to clinical practice, and is expected to have extensive application in the federated smart medical system.
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268
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Wang X, Li YJ, Zhou XY, Wu YJ, Huang HY, Zhang L, Mao AY, Chen W, Shi JF. Evaluation indicators for access to cancer screening services: a scoping review. Public Health 2024; 235:194-201. [PMID: 39153383 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Access to health services has received increasing attention, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) includes 'availability' as one of the indicators to evaluate cancer screening. Evaluating, monitoring, and decision-making on cancer screening depends on systematic quantitative evidence on access to cancer screening, but indicators are currently inconsistently, if they are reported at all. This can be improved by developing systematic indicators for evaluating and reporting access to cancer screening. This requires a thorough understanding of current indicators of access to cancer screening. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS We completed a scoping review of studies on access to cancer screening services from 2013 to 2022. The relevant indicators were extracted, quantified, and then matched to two widely used frameworks: a universal five-dimensional conceptual framework for access to healthcare ('U5D') and a cancer-specific framework/list on the availability/use of screening indicators endorsed by the IARC. RESULTS A total of 331 studies on access to cancer screening services were included. Based on the U5D framework, publications from supply side reported approachability (number of publications = 16), acceptability (6), availability and accommodation (44), affordability (30), and appropriateness (11); among this process, 17 sub-indicators were identified. Correspondingly, publications from demand side reported ability to perceive (170), ability to seek (85), ability to reach (58), ability to pay (59), and ability to engage (2); 26 sub-indicators were identified. More macroscopically, the publications of the IARC-endorsed indicators reported availability of policies and guidelines for screening (13), type of screening provided (3), extent of population coverage and participation rates (76), and demographic/behavioural related considerations (167). By integrating the universal and cancer-specific frameworks, a new adapted framework was proposed. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and collated indicators for evaluating access to cancer screening services, and determined the gaps in the current application of various indicators. The findings are anticipated to facilitate further development of an evaluation indicator system for access to cancer screening services.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y-J Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X-Y Zhou
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y-J Wu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - H-Y Huang
- Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - A-Y Mao
- Department of Public Health Strategy Research, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
| | - W Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J-F Shi
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Cao X, Wang M, Zhou M, Mi Y, Fazekas-Pongor V, Major D, Lehoczki A, Guo Y. Trends in prevalence, mortality, and risk factors of dementia among the oldest-old adults in the United States: the role of the obesity epidemic. GeroScience 2024; 46:4761-4778. [PMID: 38696055 PMCID: PMC11336039 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The oldest-old population, those aged ≥ 80 years, is the fastest-growing group in the United States (US), grappling with an increasingly heavy burden of dementia. We aimed to dissect the trends in dementia prevalence, mortality, and risk factors, and predict future levels among this demographic. Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we examined the trends in dementia prevalence, mortality, and risk factors (with a particular focus on body mass index, BMI) for US oldest-old adults. Through decomposition analysis, we identified key population-level contributors to these trends. Predictive modeling was employed to estimate future prevalence and mortality levels over the next decade. Between 1990 and 2019, the number of dementia cases and deaths among the oldest-old in the US increased by approximately 1.37 million and 60,000 respectively. The population growth and aging were highlighted as the primary drivers of this increase. High BMI emerged as a growing risk factor. Females showed a disproportionately higher dementia burden, characterized by a unique risk factor profile, including BMI. Predictions for 2030 anticipate nearly 4 million dementia cases and 160,000 related deaths, with a marked increase in prevalence and mortality anticipated among those aged 80-89. The past 30 years have witnessed a notable rise in both the prevalence and mortality of dementia among the oldest-old in the US, accompanied by a significant shift in risk factors, with obesity taking a forefront position. Targeted age and sex-specific public health strategies that address obesity control are needed to mitigate the dementia burden effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health , Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqi Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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270
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Rubin MA, Lewis A, Creutzfeldt CJ, Shrestha GS, Boyle Q, Illes J, Jox RJ, Trevick S, Young MJ. Equity in Clinical Care and Research Involving Persons with Disorders of Consciousness. Neurocrit Care 2024; 41:345-356. [PMID: 38872033 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
People with disorders of consciousness (DoC) are characteristically unable to synchronously participate in decision-making about clinical care or research. The inability to self-advocate exacerbates preexisting socioeconomic and geographic disparities, which include the wide variability observed across individuals, hospitals, and countries in access to acute care, expertise, and sophisticated diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic interventions. Concerns about equity for people with DoC are particularly notable when they lack a surrogate decision-maker (legally referred to as "unrepresented" or "unbefriended"). Decisions about both short-term and long-term life-sustaining treatment typically rely on neuroprognostication and individual patient preferences that carry additional ethical considerations for people with DoC, as even individuals with well thought out advance directives cannot anticipate every possible situation to guide such decisions. Further challenges exist with the inclusion of people with DoC in research because consent must be completed (in most circumstances) through a surrogate, which excludes those who are unrepresented and may discourage investigators from exploring questions related to this population. In this article, the Curing Coma Campaign Ethics Working Group reviews equity considerations in clinical care and research involving persons with DoC in the following domains: (1) access to acute care and expertise, (2) access to diagnostics and therapeutics, (3) neuroprognostication, (4) medical decision-making for unrepresented people, (5) end-of-life decision-making, (6) access to postacute rehabilitative care, (7) access to research, (8) inclusion of unrepresented people in research, and (9) remuneration and reciprocity for research participation. The goal of this discussion is to advance equitable, harmonized, guideline-directed, and goal-concordant care for people with DoC of all backgrounds worldwide, prioritizing the ethical standards of respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Although the focus of this evaluation is on people with DoC, much of the discussion can be extrapolated to other critically ill persons worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rubin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Claire J Creutzfeldt
- Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gentle S Shrestha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Quinn Boyle
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judy Illes
- Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralf J Jox
- Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael J Young
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
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271
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Mendoza-Pinto C, Sánchez-Tecuatl M, Berra-Romani R, Maya-Castro ID, Etchegaray-Morales I, Munguía-Realpozo P, Cárdenas-García M, Arellano-Avendaño FJ, García-Carrasco M. Machine learning in the prediction of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 68:152501. [PMID: 39226650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the current status and performance of machine learning (ML) approaches in providing reproducible treatment response predictions. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the CHARMS checklist. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases for cohort studies that derived and/or validated ML models focused on predicting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment response. We extracted data and critically appraised studies based on the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) and Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) guidelines. RESULTS From 210 unduplicated records identified by the literature search, we retained 29 eligible studies. Of these studies, 10 developed a predictive model and reported a mean adherence to the TRIPOD guidelines of 45.6 % (95 % CI: 38.3-52.8 %). The remaining 19 studies not only developed a predictive model but also validated it externally, with a mean adherence of 42.9 % (95 % CI: 39.1-46.6 %). Most of the articles had an unclear risk of bias (41.4 %), followed by a high risk of bias, which was present in 37.9 %. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, ML methods have been increasingly used to predict treatment response in RA. Our critical appraisal revealed unclear and high risk of bias in most of the identified models, suggesting that researchers can do more to address the risk of bias and increase transparency, including the use of calibration measures and reporting methods for handling missing data. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Marcial Sánchez-Tecuatl
- Electronics Department, National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Maura Cárdenas-García
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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272
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Nigam A, Vuddemarry M, Zadey S. Economic burden of suicide deaths in India (2019): a retrospective, cross-sectional study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 29:100477. [PMID: 39315385 PMCID: PMC11417197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background India has the highest number of suicide deaths in the world. Suicide prevention requires policy attention and resource allocation. Evidence of economic losses due to disease burden can influence such allocations. We assessed the economic burden and its distribution across states and demographic groups in India. Methods We used the human capital approach in this retrospective cross-sectional analysis to assess the economic burden of suicide in India for the year 2019 for 28 Indian states and 3 union territories (UTs). We calculated the monetary value for the years of life lost disaggregated by states, age groups, and sexes. For sensitivity, we present a library of estimates using different discount rates, life expectancy thresholds, and estimates specific to the populations that can participate in the workforce. Findings The national economic burden of suicide was US$ 16,749,079,455 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 11,913,034,910-22,404,233,468). The top three states, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra, contributed to 44.82% of the total burden in India. The age group 20-34 years had the largest suicide burden and contributed to 53.05% of the overall national economic burden (US$ 8,885,436,385 [6,493,912,818-11,694,138,884]). Twenty states and UTs had a greater economic burden for females than males. Interpretation The current analysis ascertains a high economic burden of suicide among the Indian youth and females, necessitating concerted multisectoral efforts and immediate investments. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukrati Nigam
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PEGASUS Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhurima Vuddemarry
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Govt. Medical College and Chhatrapati Pramilatai Raje Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- GEMINI Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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273
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McDevitt AW, McMullen J, Shepherd M. Empowering tomorrow's healers: a perspective on integrating person-centered care into physical therapist education. J Man Manip Ther 2024; 32:457-463. [PMID: 39279351 PMCID: PMC11421157 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2402100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy W. McDevitt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- UCHealth Sports Therapy Clinic, University of Colorado Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jamie McMullen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark Shepherd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bellin College, Green Bay, WI, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Health System, Odenton, MD, USA
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274
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Park SK, Oh CM, Ryoo JH, Kim E, Kang JG, Jung JY. Chinese visceral adiposity index and its relation to abnormal left ventricular remodeling assessed by relative wall thickness and left ventricular mass index. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:2273-2281. [PMID: 38862353 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Chinese visceral adipose index (CVAI) is more significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors than other obesity indices. This study investigated the relationship between CVAI and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 75,132 Koreans who underwent echocardiography during a health checkup. They were grouped according to quartile levels of the CVAI, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity index (VAI). LV remodeling was defined as the presence of abnormal relative wall thickness (ARWT) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis (adjusted OR [95% confidence interval]) was used to analyze the association between ARWT and LVH according to the quartile levels of each index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to identify the predictive ability of the indices for ARWT and LVH. ARWT was associated proportionally with CVAI quartiles in both men (second quartile: 1.42 [1.29-1.56], third quartile: 1.61 [1.46-1.77], fourth quartile: 2.01 [1.84-2.21]), and women (second quartile: 1.06 [0.78-1.45], third quartile: 1.15 [0.86-1.55], and fourth quartile: 2.09 [1.56-2.80]). LVH was significantly associated with third (1.74 [1.07-2.83]) and fourth quartile (1.94 [1.18-3.20]) groups of CVAI in women. ROC and AUC analyses indicated that CVAI was superior to other indices in predicting ARWT in men and LVH and ARWT in women. CONCLUSION The CVAI is an effective surrogate marker of LV remodeling, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Samsung Kangbuk Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ryoo
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Kangbuk Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Kang
- Total Healthcare Center, Samsung Kangbuk Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Samsung Kangbuk Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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275
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Weir MR. Cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes: What the non-specialist needs to know about current guidelines. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 5:14-24. [PMID: 38987977 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the US, approximately 11% of the population have diagnosed diabetes and nearly 40% have prediabetes. In addition, chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 14% of the US population including up to 40% of those with diabetes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide where it affects approximately half of adults. The presence of CKD or diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular events. When both CKD and diabetes occur in the same patient the risks are further increased. The clinical problems of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are all closely related with obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, CKD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. The increasing frequency of obesity has driven increases in all of these medical comorbidities. These conditions frequently cluster together in the same patient exacerbating the risk of morbidity and mortality. They are also associated with cognitive dysfunction/dementia, pulmonary diseases, cancers, gastrointestinal diseases, immune system abnormalities, and inflammatory disorders. Only 6.8% of adults in US meet all targets for cardiovascular risk management with significant disparities based on race and ethnicity. Given the complexity of these multisystem problems in people with diabetes and obesity, it would seem reasonable to attempt to diagnose and treat many of the comorbidities earlier in the course of disease rather than wait for substantial end organ dysfunction to occur. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently published a consensus statement recommending early screening for the diagnosis of heart failure, CKD and diabetes, recognizing both the frequency and gravity of this combination. Likewise, there are recommendations in the guidelines to facilitate screening for microalbuminuria, blood pressure, glycemic control and lipids earlier in patients at risk rather than wait and treat as a secondary prevention program. Thus, the general principle is to facilitate earlier recognition and diagnosis and provide treatment before downstream target organ complications occur. This review will focus on CVD and risk management based on newest recommendations and standards of care in people with diabetes by the ADA. The main considerations in the treatment of people with diabetes are glycemic control, blood pressure, lipids, and the use of medications with proven cardiorenal disease progression capability to prevent or delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Weir
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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276
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Mou P, Qu H, Guan J, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Dong J. Extreme temperature events, functional dependency, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Insights from a national cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:117013. [PMID: 39241607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme temperature events (ETEs), including heatwaves and cold spells, are attracting increasing attention because of their impacts on human health. However, the association between ETEs and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and the role of functional dependency in this relationship remain unclear. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020, considering 12 definitions each for heatwaves and cold spells, and three levels of functional dependency. Mixed Cox models with time-varying variables were used to comprehensively assess the independent and combined effects of ETEs and functional dependency on CMM. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate whether the relationship between ETEs and CMM was modified by the baseline characteristics. RESULTS Heatwave and cold spell exposures were associated with an increased risk of CMM (HR range: 1.028-1.102 and 1.046-1.187, respectively). Compared to participants with normal functional abilities, the risk of CMM increased with higher levels of functional dependency (HR range: 1.938-2.185). ETEs exposure and functional dependency are jointly associated with CMM risk. Participants with high-intensity ETEs exposure and high functional dependency had the greatest risk of developing CMM. Participants aged 60 and above were more susceptible to the effects of ETEs on CMM. Additionally, urban residents and those in northern regions were more vulnerable to heatwaves. CONCLUSION Both ETEs exposure and functional dependency increase the risk of developing CMM. Participants with functional dependency exposed to high-intensity ETEs faced the highest risk of developing CMM. These findings highlight the significant impact of ETEs on CMM and the importance of protecting vulnerable populations during periods of extreme temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsen Mou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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277
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Suo H, Lv Y, Liu S, Gao Z, Chen Y, Zhang M, Meng X, Gao S. Modulation of miR-466d-3p on Wnt signaling pathway in response to DEPs-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116869. [PMID: 39178759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a predominant component of ambient particulate matter (PM), are classified as ultrafine particles with the capacity to penetrate the cerebral blood-brain barrier (BBB). This penetration is implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The integrity of the BBB is inextricably linked to cerebrovascular homeostasis and the development of neurodegenerative disease, highlighting the importance of studying the effects and mechanisms of DEPs on BBB function damage. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) as an in vitro model of the BBB, we explored the detrimental effects of DEPs exposure on BBB permeability and integrity, with particular focus on inflammation, cell apoptosis, and miRNA expression profiles. Our findings revealed that exposure to DEPs at varying concentrations for 48 h resulted in the inhibition of bEND.3 cell proliferation, induction of cell apoptosis, and an upregulation in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. The BBB integrity was further compromised, as evidenced by a decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER), a reduction in cytoskeletal F-actin, and diminished tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Microarray analysis revealed that 23 miRNAs were upregulated and 11 were downregulated in response to a 50 μg/mL DEPs treatment, with miR-466d-3p being notably differentially expressed. Wnt3 was identified as a target of miR-466d-3p, with the Wnt signaling pathway being significantly enriched. We validated that miR-466d-3p expression was downregulated, and the protein expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling components were elevated. The modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by miR-466d-3p was demonstrated by the transfection of miR-466d-3p mimic, which resulted in a downregulation of Wnt3 and β-catenin protein expression, and the mRNA level of Daam1, as well as an enhancement of TJ proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-5 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study further confirmed that DEPs can induce the disruption of BBB integrity through inflammatory processes. We identified alterations in the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial cells, with miR-466d-3p emerging as a key regulator of tight junction (TJ) proteins, essential for maintaining BBB integrity. Additionally, our findings primarily demonstrated that the Wnt/ β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling pathway can be activated by DEPs and are regulated by miR-466d-3p. Under the combined effects of Wnt/PCP and inflammation, there is an ultimate increase in BBB hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huimin Suo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanming Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhijian Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Bioinformatics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiangning Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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278
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Wu Q, Fu J, Zhang C, Liu Z, Shi J, Feng Z, Wang K, Li L. Causal relationship between Lipdome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma: Mendelian randomization. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:249. [PMID: 39328502 PMCID: PMC11424600 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk significantly influence susceptibility and heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and increasing evidence suggests their close association with lipdome. However, their causal relationship remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a two-sample MR (Mendelian randomization) analysis using publicly available large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to evaluate the causal impact of lipdome on COPD and asthma. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analysis method, and multiple sensitivity and heterogeneity tests were performed to assess the reliability of the results. Finally, a Meta-analysis was conducted on lipdome with significant causal relationships to validate the robustness of the results. Our findings suggest that Sterol ester (27:1/18:2), Phosphatidylcholine (15:0_18:2), (16:0_18:2), (16:0_20:2), (17:0_18:2), (18:1_18:1), (18:1_18:2), (18:1_20:2), Triacylglycerol (54:3), and (56:4) levels are protective factors for COPD, while levels of Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:5), (18:0_20:4), and (O-16:0_20:4) are risk factors for COPD. Meta-analysis of lipids causally related to COPD also indicates significant results. Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_20:4), (16:0_22:5), and (18:0_20:4) levels are risk factors for asthma, while Phosphatidylcholine (18:1_18:2), (18:1_20:2), and Sphingomyelin (d38:1) levels are protective factors for asthma. However, the lack of statistical significance in the Meta-analysis may be due to heterogeneity in research methods and data statistics. This study indicates that 4 lipdome species have significant correlations with COPD and asthma. Phosphatidylcholine (18:1_18:2) and (18:1_20:2) are protective factors, while Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:5) and (18:0_20:4) are risk factors. Additionally, due to differences in molecular subtypes, phosphatidylcholine, sterol ester, and triacylglycerol exhibit differential effects on the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- College of Humanities and Management, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208 Hunan People's Republic of China
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279
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Yang L, Wang M, Xuan C, Yu C, Zhu Y, Luo H, Meng X, Shi S, Wang Y, Chu H, Chen R, Yan J. Long-term exposure to particulate matter pollution and incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: A prospective cohort study in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124446. [PMID: 38945192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated significant associations of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with stroke, evidence on the long-term effects of PM exposure on cause-specific stroke incidence is scarce and inconsistent. We incorporated 33,282 and 33,868 individuals aged 35-75 years without a history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at the baseline in 2014, who were followed up till 2021. Residential exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) for each participant were predicted using a satellite-based model with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to assess the long-term effect of PM pollution on incident stroke. We identified 926 cases of ischemic stroke and 211 of hemorrhagic stroke. Long-term PM exposure was significantly associated with increased incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with almost 2 times higher risk on hemorrhagic stroke. Specifically, a 10 μg/m³ increase in 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 was linked to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.35 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.54) for incident ischemic stroke and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.36-2.34) for incident hemorrhagic stroke. The HR related to PM10, though smaller, remained statistically significant, with a HR of 1.25 for ischemic stroke and a HR of 1.51 for hemorrhagic stroke. The excess risks are larger among rural residents and individuals with lower educational attainment. The present cohort study contributed to the mounting evidence on the increased risk of incident stroke associated with long-term PM exposures. Our results further provide valuable evidence on the heightened sensitivity of hemorrhagic stroke to air pollution exposures compared with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menghao Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjie Chu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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280
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Miwa K, Nakai M, Yoshimura S, Sasahara Y, Wada S, Koge J, Ishigami A, Yagita Y, Kamiyama K, Miyamoto Y, Kobayashi S, Minematsu K, Toyoda K, Koga M. Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:907-915. [PMID: 38651751 PMCID: PMC11408962 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241249370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To investigate the prognostic implication of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes after acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS The subjects of the study included adult patients with available baseline body weight and height data who had suffered an acute stroke and were registered in the Japan Stroke Data Bank-a hospital-based, multicenter stroke registration database-between January 2006 and December 2020. The outcome measures included unfavorable outcomes defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 5-6 and favorable outcomes (mRS 0-2) at discharge, and in-hospital mortality. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between BMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, class II obesity; <18.5, 18.5-23.0, 23.0-25.0, 25-30, ⩾30 kg/m2) and the outcomes, after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS A total of 56,230 patients were assigned to one of the following groups: ischemic stroke (IS, n = 43,668), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, n = 9741), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, n = 2821). In the IS group, being underweight was associated with an increased likelihood of unfavorable outcomes (odds ratio, 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.31-1.65)) and in-hospital mortality (1.55 (1.31-1.83)) compared to outcomes in those with normal weight. Being overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of favorable outcomes (1.09 (1.01-1.18)). Similar associations were observed between underweight and these outcomes in specific IS subtypes (cardioembolic stroke, large artery stroke, and small-vessel occlusion). Patients with a BMI ⩾30.0 kg/m2 was associated with an increased likelihood of unfavorable outcomes (1.44 (1.01-2.17)) and in-hospital mortality (2.42 (1.26-4.65)) in large artery stroke. In patients with ICH, but not those with SAH, being underweight was associated with an increased likelihood of unfavorable outcomes (1.41 (1.01-1.99)). CONCLUSIONS BMI substantially impacts functional outcomes following IS and ICH. Lower BMI consistently affected post-stroke disability and mortality, while higher BMI values similarly affected these outcomes after large artery stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Miwa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakai
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasahara
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichi Wada
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Junpei Koge
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishigami
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yagita
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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281
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Hughes F, Parsons L, Levy JH, Shindell D, Alhanti B, Ohnuma T, Kasibhatla P, Montgomery H, Krishnamoorthy V. Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Acute Illness. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:779-789. [PMID: 39105660 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Climate change increases wildfire smoke exposure. Inhaled smoke causes inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation, which exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory disease while worsening obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fintan Hughes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luke Parsons
- Global Science, Nature Conservancy and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brooke Alhanti
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Prasad Kasibhatla
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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282
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Jayanandaiah A, Ayyappan A, Paramasivan NK, Narasimhaiah D, Sreedharan SE, Thulaseedharan JV, Sylaja PN. Diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging compared to histopathology in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 128:110802. [PMID: 39163700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulnerable plaques have been shown to predict ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events and identifying them leads to appropriate secondary stroke prevention strategies. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MR carotid plaque imaging in identifying plaque vulnerability when compared with histopathological findings in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS A prospective cohort of forty-five consecutive patients with moderate to severe symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent CEA at a tertiary Indian hospital had 3 T MRI plaque imaging with multi-parametric protocol between November 2021 and December 2022. Images were analyzed by a vascular radiologist blinded to histopathological data. High-risk plaque characteristics such as lipid rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), thin fibrous cap and ulceration were assessed and correlated with histopathological findings as per American Heart Association (AHA) classification using Cohen's kappa statistics to obtain diagnostic accuracies. RESULTS Of the 45 patients, 38(84 %) were males. The mean age was 65 ± 7.7 years and mean duration to CEA from the most recent event was 57 days (57 ± 46 days). A significant correlation between MR plaque imaging and histopathology was noted for IPH (sensitivity-91 %, specificity-86 %, κ = 0.774, p < 0.001), LRNC (sensitivity-92.1 %, specificity-85.7 %, κ = 0.697, p < 0.001), and plaque ulceration (sensitivity-84.6 %, specificity-78.1 %, κ = 0.563, p < 0.001). MRI had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 92.3 % and 84.2 % respectively (κ = 0.77, p < 0.001) in discriminating high risk plaques. CONCLUSION MR plaque imaging shows a very good correlation with histopathology and can identify unstable high-risk plaques with high accuracy. This may have implication in selection of patients for carotid revascularization in symptomatic carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Jayanandaiah
- Comprehensive Stroke Care Program, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anoop Ayyappan
- Department of Imaging Science and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Naveen K Paramasivan
- Comprehensive Stroke Care Program, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Deepthi Narasimhaiah
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sapna E Sreedharan
- Comprehensive Stroke Care Program, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jissa V Thulaseedharan
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P N Sylaja
- Comprehensive Stroke Care Program, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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283
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Briones-Valdivieso C, Salerno PRVO, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Valera-Gran D, López-Bueno R, Al-Kindi S, Deo SV, Petermann-Rocha F. Metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Latin America: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2019. Public Health 2024; 235:211-218. [PMID: 39163728 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors. STUDY DESIGN An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. METHODS Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019. RESULTS While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising. CONCLUSION Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P R V O Salerno
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain; Joint Research Unit UMH-Fisabio (STATSALUT), Alicante, Spain
| | - D Valera-Gran
- Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - R López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - S V Deo
- Surgical Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, USA; Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
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284
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Girardi FA, Nogueira MC, Malta DC, Pissolati Simão FE, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Guerra MR. The burden of lung cancer and mortality attributable to occupational risk factors between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federative units. Public Health 2024; 235:94-101. [PMID: 39084048 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the attributable risk of mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) due to occupational carcinogens for lung cancer between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federation units, as well as its relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). STUDY DESIGN Epidemiological study. METHODS This is an epidemiological study that used GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study) estimates of lung cancer mortality rates and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens. The relationship between these rates and SDI was assessed using panel data analysis. RESULTS In Brazil, occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel vapours accounted for more than 85.00% of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens in both sexes between 1990 and 2019. An increase in both rates was observed in women for almost all the occupational carcinogens assessed, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country, with diesel vapours standing out the most. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted the urge to characterise exposure to occupational risks for lung cancer, especially for the female population in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Girardi
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M C Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - D C Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - F E Pissolati Simão
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M T Bustamante-Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M R Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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285
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Rwebembera J, Beaton A. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: updates in diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:496-502. [PMID: 39254753 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the latest developments in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prevention, (early) diagnosis, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The revised Jones criteria have demonstrated increased sensitivity and specificity for rheumatic fever diagnosis in high-risk populations. The management of rheumatic fever remains symptom-based, with no treatment options proven to alter the disease course or prevent chronic RHD. The revised World Heart Federation (WHF) guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD encourage task-shifting of RHD screening, extending reach in endemic regions. These guidelines also present an A-D classification of RHD and provide recommendations for the management of early disease. Integrated models for RHD screening within existing health structures are emerging and automated intelligence is showing potential to support RHD screening and diagnosis. Innovative strategies to foster adherence and equitable access to secondary prophylaxis, such as re-examination of the efficacy of oral penicillin, trials of longer acting penicillin formulations and implants are underway. There is renewed interest and investment in a well tolerated and effective GAS vaccine. SUMMARY We are living in a time of possibility with global acceleration to address the prevailing burden of RHD. Together, we can ensure that RHD does not once again fall off the global health agenda, until equitable elimination has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Beaton
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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286
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Sanderson A, Cescon C, Martinez-Valdes E, Rushton A, Heneghan NR, Kuithan P, Barbero M, Falla D. Reduced variability of erector spinae activity in people with chronic low back pain when performing a functional 3D lifting task. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 78:102917. [PMID: 39111070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, which is exacerbated in some by repeated lifting. Electromyography (EMG) assessments of isolated erector spinae (ES) regions during lifting identified conflicting results. Here, high-density EMG comprehensively assesses the lumbar and thoracolumbar ES activity in people with and without LBP performing a multiplanar lifting task. METHODS Four high-density EMG grids (two bilaterally) and reflective markers were affixed over the ES and trunk to record muscle activity and trunk kinematics respectively. The task involved cyclical lifting of a 5 kg box for ∼7 min from a central shelf to five peripheral shelves, returning to the first between movements, while monitoring perceived exertion. RESULTS Fourteen LBP (26.9 ± 11.1 years) and 15 control participants (32.1 ± 14.6 years) completed the study. LBP participants used a strategy characterised by less diffuse and more cranially-focussed ES activity (P < 0.05). LBP participants also exhibited less variation in ES activity distribution between sides during movements distal to the central shelf (P < 0.05). There were few consistent differences in kinematics, but LBP participants reported greater exertion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the presence of mild LBP, participants used a less variable motor strategy, with less diffuse and more cranially-focussed ES activity; this motor strategy occurred concomitantly with increased exertion while completing this dynamic task.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanderson
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - C Cescon
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Department of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno/Landquart, Switzerland
| | - E Martinez-Valdes
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - N R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - P Kuithan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M Barbero
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Department of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno/Landquart, Switzerland
| | - D Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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287
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Fischer S, Schmitz T, Meisinger C, Linseisen J, Kirchberger I. German translation and psychometric evaluation of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS-GER) in a general population sample and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 178:201-209. [PMID: 39153453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is a scale-based measure with 35 items that assesses various aspects of mental health literacy. The original English version was developed in Australia and has been translated into several languages. The present study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaire for its use in Germany and to determine the psychometric properties of the German version of the MHLS (MHLS-GER) in two different samples. METHODS After translation and cultural adaptation, the MHLS-GER was administered via an online survey in a general population sample and via a postal survey in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to determine the dimensionality. Furthermore, internal consistency, known-groups-validity and measurement invariance were evaluated. RESULTS Data of 517 participants of the general population sample and 786 participants of the AMI sample were analyzed. In both samples a four-factor structure yielded good model fit indices. The four subscales of the MHLS-GER including 31 items comprise the topics 'knowledge' (11 items), 'information seeking' (4 items), 'stigmatization' (9 items) and 'social distance' (7 items). All four subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.80 to 0.90, average inter-item correlation: 0.30-0.59) and were mostly invariant across the two samples. Participants with previous experience with mental disorders (personal or professional context) showed higher scores on the four subscales. CONCLUSION In contrast to the unidimensional structure of the original version, the MHLS-GER comprises four subscales. All subscales showed acceptable to good psychometric properties and can now be used to assess mental health literacy. Further validation studies to evaluate test-retest-reliability and responsiveness are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fischer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Timo Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kirchberger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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288
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Marques YA, Custódio LA, Miyamoto GC, Nunes Cabral CM, de Toledo AM, Luiz Carregaro R. What are the costs of managing neck and low back pain in Brazil? Investigation of a ten-year period from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:943-952. [PMID: 38832499 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2364038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the prospects of increased prevalence and disability due to neck and low back pain, it is relevant to investigate the care processes adopted, to assist future public policies and decision-making for a better allocation of resources. Objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the costs arising from inpatient and outpatient care of individuals with Neck Pain (NP) and Low Back Pain (LBP) in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. METHODS This is a cost-of-illness study from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system, based on health conditions with high prevalence (neck and low back pain). Data were presented descriptively using absolute and relative values. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2019, the health system spent more than $600 million (R$ 2.3 billion) to treat NP and LBP in adults, and LBP accounted for most of the expenses. Female had higher absolute expenses in inpatient care and in the outpatient system. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the costs with NP and LBP in Brazil were considerable. Female patients had higher outpatient costs and male patients had higher hospitalization costs. Healthcare expenses were concentrated for individuals between 34 and 63 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Andrade Marques
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Alves Custódio
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- State Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisela Cristiane Miyamoto
- Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral
- Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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289
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Langjord T, Pedersen G, Bovim T, Bremer K, Christensen TB, Hove O, Kildahl AN, Mork E, Norheim AB, Ramleth RK, Romm KL, Siqveland J, Schønning T, Stänicke LI, Torgersen T, Pettersen MS, Tveit T, Urnes Ø, Walby FA, Kvarstein EH. Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm - results from the Extreme Challenges project. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:591-602. [PMID: 39126325 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2376162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients' and clinicians' evaluation of HS and treatment alliance. METHOD A cross-sectional study with an inpatient sample (age >18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) psychiatric hospital admissions last year due to SH or SA recruited from 12 hospitals across health regions (N = 42). Evaluation included patient and clinician report. RESULTS A minority of the patients (14%) were satisfied with HS before the current admission, 45% (patients) and 20% (clinicians) found the current admission helpful, and 46% (patients) and 14% (clinicians) worried about discharge. Treatment complaints were received in 38% of the cases. Outpatient mental HS were available after discharge for 68% and a majority of clinicians indicated satisfactory contact across HS. More intensive or specialized formats were unusual (structured outpatient treatment 35%, day treatment 21%, ambulatory services 32%, planned inpatient services 31%). Mutual problem understanding, aims, and confidence in therapists during the hospital stay were limited (patient-rated satisfactory mutual problem understanding: 39%, aims of stay: 50%, confidence: 50%). Patient and therapist alliance-ratings were in concordance for the majority. CONCLUSION The study highlights poor HS satisfaction, poor patient-therapist coherence, limited treatment alliance and limited follow-up in structured treatments addressing SH or intermediary supportive ambulatory/day/inpatient services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuva Langjord
- Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Pedersen
- Network for Personality Disorders, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Bovim
- Regional Centre - Violence, Trauma and Suicide Prevention, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bremer
- Department for National and Regional Functions, National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Oddbjørn Hove
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Arvid Nikolai Kildahl
- National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Nevsom Norwegian Centre of Expertise for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Hypersomnias, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Mork
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ruth-Kari Ramleth
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Lie Romm
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Siqveland
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Line Indrevoll Stänicke
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nic Waal Institute, Lovisenberg Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Torgersen
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mona S Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tone Tveit
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Bergen University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Urnes
- Department for National and Regional Functions, National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik A Walby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elfrida Hartveit Kvarstein
- Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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290
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Escandell-Rico FM, Pérez-Fernández L. [Evaluation of healthcare for patients with diabetes in primary care: A systematic review]. Semergen 2024; 50:102214. [PMID: 38554679 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Have the most current evidence in relation to the evaluation of medical healthcare for patients with diabetes in primary care. METHOD During the review process, we followed the recommendations to improve the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the preferred reporting points for PRISMA systematic reviews. The bibliographic search was carried out in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, Scielo, MedLine/ PubMed, Cochrane databases and in the Google Scholar search engine, with free and controlled language, using the MeSh search terms: «Physicians, Primary Care», «Diabetes Mellitus, Type2». Eight selected articles were analyzed. The articles were selected based on their relevance, published in peer-reviewed academic journals and published between 2019 and 2023. RESULTS The main study tool represents interventions in knowledge and practice about the care of patients with diabetes among primary care physicians. The most important discussion topics extracted in the analyzed articles refer to knowledge, clinical inertia, patients' housing challenges, adherence intervention programs, and a self-care application for patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate the need to improve medical health care through knowledge, attitudes and practices in primary care regarding patients with diabetes. In this way, it could be considered a useful tool to promote medical healthcare in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Escandell-Rico
- Profesor de enfermería, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España.
| | - L Pérez-Fernández
- Coordinadora de enfermería, Centro de Salud Almoradí, Departamento de Salud de Orihuela, Almoradí, Alicante, España
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291
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Leung L, Mandrusiak A, Martin R, Ma TW, Forbes R. Prescribing exercise therapy for the management of musculoskeletal pain: new-graduate physiotherapists' perceptions and perceived training needs. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:2321-2330. [PMID: 37534976 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2242461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain management is a challenging area of practice for new-graduate physiotherapists during the transition from student to clinician. The attitudes and beliefs of new-graduate physiotherapists toward the use of exercise therapy as part of the management of musculoskeletal pain remain relatively unknown. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of new-graduate physiotherapists toward prescribing exercise therapy in musculoskeletal pain management, and their perceptions of training and support needs in this area of practice. METHODS A qualitative study with a general inductive approach was used to investigate new-graduate physiotherapists' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Interview data was subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were generated following analysis: 1) Balancing the value of exercise with practical challenges; 2) Communication and education are inherent in exercise; 3) Influence of support and training; and 4) The benefits of direct experience. CONCLUSION New-graduate physiotherapists acknowledge the pivotal role of exercise in managing musculoskeletal pain. Direct learning experiences in pre-professional training that develop knowledge and skills required for delivering exercise therapy were highly valued. New-graduates recognize pain management as a skill that requires further development and identify the importance of opportunities for professional development in exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Leung
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison Mandrusiak
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Romany Martin
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Tsz Wun Ma
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roma Forbes
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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292
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Peng Y, Wang P, Du H, Liu F, Wang X, Si C, Gong J, Zhou H, Chen K, Song F. Cardiovascular health, polygenic risk score, and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:785-793. [PMID: 39134210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and cardiovascular disease share common lifestyle risk factors. However, it remains unclear whether cardiovascular health (CVH) evaluated by Life's Essential 8 can predict cancer risk, and attenuate the influence of genetic susceptibility on cancer. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate independent and joint associations of CVH and polygenic risk score (PRS) with risks of overall and site-specific cancers. METHODS We undertook a population-based cohort study based on the UK Biobank. The CVH score was constructed by physical activity, body mass index, nicotine exposure, sleep, diet, blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose. PRSs were assessed individually for 18 cancer types by their independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously identified in genome-wide association studies. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were applied to explore the independent and joint associations of CVH and PRS with cancer incidence risk. The results were displayed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Compared with low CVH, high CVH was associated with decreased risks of overall cancer and the majority of common cancers, including digestive system [HRs (95% CI): 0.33 (0.23, 0.45)-0.66 (0.58, 0.75)], lung (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.31), renal (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.56), bladder (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.69), breast (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.92), and endometrial cancers (HR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.51). For overall cancer in males, there was an interaction between CVH and PRS. Notably, individuals with high CVH across all levels of PRS had lower risks of overall cancer for females and 8 site-specific cancers than those with low CVH and high PRS [HRs (95% CIs): 0.18 (0.12, 0.25)-0.79 (0.71, 0.87)]. CONCLUSIONS High CVH was related to decreased risks of overall cancer and multiple cancers regardless of genetic predispositions. Our findings underscored the value of improving CVH for cancer prevention in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fubin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyu Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiao Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases in the Population, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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293
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Brouwer WP, Lammert F, Yilmaz Y. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in healthy weight individuals. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:884-896. [PMID: 39052203 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population. This shift in perspective requires reconsideration of preventive strategies, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches tailored to address the unique characteristics of MAFLD healthy weight individuals. It also underscores the importance of widespread awareness and education, within the medical community and among the general population, to promote a more inclusive understanding of liver metabolic disorders. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive exploration of MAFLD in healthy weight individuals, encompassing epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Willem Pieter Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lammert
- Health Sciences, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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294
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Shakeb S, Obaid Baig M, Abualait T, Obaid S, Yoo WK, Bashir S. Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on postural stability in subacute stroke: A randomized control trial. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70067. [PMID: 39349984 PMCID: PMC11442135 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes neuromodulation and neuroplasticity in the brain. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of the anodal tDCS on postural and trunk stability, physical performance, anticipatory postural adjustment and quality of life in sub-acute stroke patients. Thirty-six participants with sub-acute stroke were divided into experimental and control groups using sealed envelope randomization. Outcome measures comprised the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, Trunk Impairment Scale, Time Up and Go Test, Functional Reach Test, and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale. Assessments were conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Within-group analysis revealed significant improvement in both the experimental (p-value < 0.05) and control groups (p-value < 0.005). Notably, significant effects were observed in postural stability after intervention, and during one of the detraining assessments, the experimental group showed superior results compared to the control group in subacute stroke. Anodal tDCS yield significant short- and long-term effects on postural stability, while short term effects on trunk stability. Additionally, long term effects were observed on the physical performance and anticipatory postural adjustments while no effects at quality of life either short or long term basis among the subacute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Shakeb
- Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Obaid Baig
- Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaiyah Obaid
- Faculty of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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295
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Lee H, Park CS, Kim B, Rhee TM, Lee H, Kim YJ, Han K, Kim HK. Real-world efficacy of fimasartan vs. other angiotensin receptor blockers in combination with calcium channel blockers: a nationwide cohort study. Clin Hypertens 2024; 30:28. [PMID: 39350304 PMCID: PMC11443630 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-024-00287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antihypertensive efficacy of fimasartan was assessed based on the transition rate from a combination of calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) to three-drug combination therapy, as compared to other ARBs. METHODS This nationwide cohort study used data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patients who had received national health checkups within 2 years prior to January 1, 2017, and were concurrently prescribed ARBs and CCBs for > 30 days during the 6 months from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017 were included in the study. Patients were categorized into the 'fimasartan group' (those prescribed fimasartan) and the 'non-fimasartan group' (those prescribed ARBs other than fimasartan). The index date was set as the last day of a 30-day prescription period for ARBs and CCBs, with a subsequent 2.5-year follow-up to observe the potential addition of a third drug, such as beta-blockers or diuretics. RESULTS The study included 34,422 patients with a mean age of 60.3 years and 58.3% being male. The fimasartan group constituted 2.7% (n = 928) of the total, and the non-fimasartan group, 97.3% (n = 33,494). During the follow-up period, 38 patients in the fimasartan group (14.3 per 1,000 person-years) and 3,557 patients in the non-fimasartan group (42.8 per 1,000 person-years) required additional antihypertensive medications. After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cancer, heart failure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, the fimasartan group showed a significantly lower rate of adding a third medication (hazard ratio 2.68, 95% confidence interval 1.95-3.69) compared to that of the non-fimasartan group. CONCLUSIONS Fimasartan is associated with a lower need for additional antihypertensive drugs compared to other ARBs. This implies its greater effectiveness in hypertension management, potentially enhancing cardiovascular outcomes, and minimizing polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Lee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongseong Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Rhee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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296
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Kawamoto R, Kikuchi A, Ninomiya D, Abe M, Kumagi T. Smoking Status and Premature Death Among Japanese Rural Community-Dwelling Persons. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241275881. [PMID: 39363976 PMCID: PMC11447718 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241275881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking status is known to be an independent and significant predictor of health outcomes related to aging and plays a crucial role in overall mortality rates. This cohort study investigated the relationship between smoking status and survival outcomes over follow-up periods of 9 and 21 years. Methods: The sample consisted of 3526 participants with a mean age of 64 ± 12 years, 44.1% of whom were male. The median follow-up duration was 6315 days, with an interquartile range of 3441 to 7727 days. Smoking status [i.e., Brinkmann index (BI)] was calculated by multiplying the number of years smoked by the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Based on this, participants were categorized into non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. The data were analyzed using Cox regression, employing age as the time variable and accounting for various risk factors. Results: A total of 1111 participants (49.2%) were confirmed to have died. Among these, 564 were male (36.2% of all male participants), and 547 were female (27.8% of all female participants). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality compared with never-smokers was 1.51 (1.17-1.96) for former smokers with BI > 800, 1.61 (1.20-2.17) for current smokers with BI of 400-799 and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.24-2.10) with BI of ≥800 (P for trend <0.001). Participants who died within three years of follow-up were excluded to avoid the possibility of reverse causation, but the results were essentially unchanged. Conclusion: We found that the BI is a valid predictor of future mortality risk and that BI 800 for former smokers and BI 400 for current smokers were useful cutoff values. Efforts to control smoking should focus not only on current smokers but also on former smokers to reduce the risk of premature death associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Kikuchi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ninomiya
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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297
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Chi X, Zhang J, Yin X. Positive genetic effect of hypertension family history on stroke: A cross Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107901. [PMID: 39098363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observational study demonstrated that hypertension is an independent risk factor for stroke. Furthermore, both hypertension and stroke exhibit genetic predispositions. However, the genetic relationship between hypertension and stroke in first-degree relatives remains unclear. METHOD The Genetic effects were validated using an across-Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The Genome-Wide Association Study summary data used in this study were obtained from a publicly available platform. The primary MR effect employed was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and the other analysis methods included MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Prior to MR analysis, tests for MR_PRESSO, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity were conducted. RESULT The presence of family history of hypertension significantly contributed to the genetic predisposition to various types of stroke, including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lacunar stroke, cardioembolic ischemic stroke, small vessel ischemic stroke, and large artery atherosclerosis-related ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION Briefly, hypertension in first-degree relatives has a genetic impact on the risk of stroke development. Shared genetic factors may exist between hypertension and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilyu Chi
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital Xiasha Campus (Hangzhou Rehabilitation Hospital), Hangzhou, China 310018
| | - Jingruo Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, China 314000
| | - Xiaohu Yin
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China, 310000.
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298
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Girard IM, Ward P, Durey A, McLean C, Lund S, Calache H, Baker SR, Slack-Smith L. A qualitative meta-synthesis of carers' perceptions of factors influencing preschool children's oral hygiene practices-A social practices perspective. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:677-689. [PMID: 38769714 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study comprises a synthesis of published qualitative studies from developed countries on the perspectives of carers regarding the oral hygiene toothbrushing practices of preschool children, through the lens of social practice theory. METHODS A search of the following electronic databases was conducted for all available years: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health using the Ovid platform; Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (DOSS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Included qualitative studies reported primary caregivers' perceptions of oral hygiene practices (focusing on toothbrushing) in preschool children (0-5 years old) in developed countries. A thematic synthesis of the qualitative findings was undertaken for the results of each study. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in this meta-synthesis. The focus of this paper was toothbrushing practices. A conceptual map of toothbrushing as a social practice was developed. Key findings included practice elements (meanings, competences, and materials), spatial and temporal aspects, and barriers and facilitators to performance. CONCLUSIONS The application of a social practice lens to published qualitative research on the oral hygiene of preschool children provided insights into the meanings and competences related to toothbrushing, as perceived by primary caregivers. However, it also revealed limited information on material, spatial and temporal aspects of toothbrushing practices, indicating the importance of considering social practice theory as a framework in future research to address this gap. Furthermore, exploring toothbrushing in connection with related social practices has the potential to increase understanding of factors influencing oral health in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Matic Girard
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Ward
- Torrens University, Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Durey
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlan McLean
- Torrens University, Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephan Lund
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah R Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linda Slack-Smith
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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299
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Childs A, Aidoo-Micah G, Maini MK, Meyer T. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101130. [PMID: 39308986 PMCID: PMC11414669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global healthcare challenge, with >1 million patients predicted to be affected annually by 2025. In contrast to other cancers, both incidence and mortality rates continue to rise, and HCC is now the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC, with trials demonstrating a superior overall survival benefit compared to sorafenib in the first-line setting. Combination therapy with either atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) or durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) and tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is now recognised as standard of care for advanced HCC. More recently, two phase III studies of ICI-based combination therapy in the early and intermediate disease settings have successfully met their primary end points of improved recurrence- and progression-free survival, respectively. Despite these advances, and in contrast to other tumour types, there remain no validated predictive biomarkers of response to ICIs in HCC. Ongoing research efforts are focused on further characterising the tumour microenvironment in order to select patients most likely to benefit from ICI and identify novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we review the current understanding of the immune landscape in which HCC develops and the evidence for ICI-based therapeutic strategies in HCC. Additionally, we describe the state of biomarker development and novel immunotherapy approaches in HCC which have progressed beyond the pre-clinical stage and into early-phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Childs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gloryanne Aidoo-Micah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
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300
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Mahfoud F, Azizi M, Daemen J, Sharp ASP, Patak A, Iglesias JF, Kirtane A, Fisher NDL, Scicli A, Lobo MD. Real-world experience with ultrasound renal denervation utilizing home blood pressure monitoring: the Global Paradise System registry study design. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:1375-1383. [PMID: 37943324 PMCID: PMC11420264 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major public health issue due to its association with cardiovascular disease risk. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, rates of blood pressure (BP) control remain suboptimal. Renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as an effective non-pharmacological, device-based treatment option for patients with hypertension. The multicenter, single-arm, observational Global Paradise™ System (GPS) registry has been designed to examine the long-term safety and effectiveness of ultrasound RDN (uRDN) with the Paradise System in a large population of patients with hypertension. METHODS The study aims to enroll up to 3000 patients undergoing uRDN in routine clinical practice. Patients will be recruited over a 4-year period and followed for 5 years (at 3, 6, and 12 months after the uRDN procedure and annually thereafter). Standardized home BP measurements will be taken every 3 months with automatic upload to the cloud. Office and ambulatory BP and adverse events will be collected as per routine clinical practice. Quality-of-Life questionnaires will be used to capture patient-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This observational registry will provide real-world information on the safety and effectiveness of uRDN in a large population of patients treated during routine clinical practice, and also allow for a better understanding of responses in prespecified subgroups. The focus on home BP in this registry is expected to improve completeness of long-term follow-up and provide unique insights into BP over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Michel Azizi
- Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hypertension Department and DMU CARTE, 75015, Paris, France
- INSERM, CIC1418, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Joost Daemen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew S P Sharp
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Atul Patak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco and University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan F Iglesias
- Department of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ajay Kirtane
- Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi D L Fisher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Melvin D Lobo
- Barts NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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