251
|
Chee NMZ, Sinnanaidu RP, Chan WK. Vitamin E improves serum markers and histology in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 39150005 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Multiple clinical trials have been conducted to study the potential benefits of vitamin E for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite available evidence, vitamin E is not widely used. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin E on serum markers of liver inflammation, specifically serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and histology, including resolution of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), in adult patients with MASLD. METHODS A systematic literature search on randomized controlled trials published in English was conducted using electronic databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) were used for continuous outcomes, while risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous outcomes, with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis while seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Vitamin E significantly reduced serum ALT and AST levels with SMD of -0.82 (95% CI, -1.13 to -0.51) and -0.68 (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.41), respectively. Vitamin E significantly reduced steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning with a MD of -0.60 (95% CI, -0.83 to -0.37), -0.34 (95% CI, -0.53 to -0.16), -0.32 (95% CI, -0.53 to -0.12), and increased MASH resolution with a RR of 1.9 (95%CI, 1.20 to 3.02). However, vitamin E did not reduce fibrosis, with a MD of -0.23 (95% CI, -0.51 to 0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin E resulted in significant improvement in serum markers of liver inflammation and histology in patients with MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ming-Zher Chee
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ram Prasad Sinnanaidu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah-Kheong Chan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Colombo G, Aloisio E, Panteghini M. Laboratory investigation of peritoneal fluids: an updated practical approach based on the available evidence. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:579-585. [PMID: 38538073 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Even though analysis of peritoneal fluids (PF) is often requested to medical laboratories for biochemical and morphological tests, there is still no mutual agreement on what the most appropriate way is to manage PF samples and which tests should be appropriately executed. In this update, we tried to identify the most useful tests for PF analysis to establish best practice indications. We performed a literature review and examined available guidelines to select the most appropriate tests by an evidence-based approach. Accordingly, the basic PF profile should include (1) serum to effusion albumin gradient and (2) automated cell counts with differential analysis. This profile allows to determine the PF nature, differentiating between 'high-albumin gradient' and 'low-albumin gradient' effusions, which helps to identify the pathophysiological process causing the ascites formation. Restricted to specific clinical situations, additional tests can be requested as follows: PF lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose, to exclude (LDH) or confirm (glucose) secondary bacterial peritonitis; PF total protein, to differentiate ascites of cardiac origin from other causes; PF (pancreatic) amylase, for the identification of pancreatic ascites; PF bilirubin, when a choleperitoneum is suspected; PF triglycerides, in differentiating chylous from pseudochylous ascites and PF creatinine, to detect intraperitoneal urinary leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Colombo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Aloisio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Tong X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, Chen W, Zhang M, Ren Y, Zhao X, Wu X, Zhao J, Sun C, Zheng M, Ren H, Yang Z, Ou X, Jia J, You H. Delicate and thin fibrous septa indicate a regression tendency in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis patients with advanced fibrosis. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10719-w. [PMID: 39152361 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related fibrosis is reversible. However, the dynamic morphology change in fibrosis regression remains unclear. We aim to explore the morphological characteristics of fibrosis regression in advanced MASH patients. METHODS Clinical and histological data of 79 biopsy-proved MASH patients with advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) were reviewed. The second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) image technology was used to quantitatively identify the R (regressive) septa from P (progressive) septa and PS (perisinusoidal) fibrosis. Non-invasive tests were used to compare the fibrosis level with and without R septa groups. Transcriptomics was used to explore hub genes and the underlying mechanism of the formation of R septa. RESULTS The R septa were different from the P septa and PS fibrosis in detail collagen quantitation identified by SHG/TPEF technology. The R septa were found in MASH fibrosis-regressed patients, which met the definition of the "Beijing classification". Therefore, patients were divided into two groups according to septa morphology: with R septa (n = 10, 12.7%), and without R septa (n = 69, 87.3%). Patients with R septa had lower values in most non-invasive tests, especially for liver stiffness assessed by TE (12.3 vs. 19.4 kPa, p = 0.010) and FAST (FibroScan®-AST) score (0.43 vs. 0.70, p = 0.003). Transcriptomics analysis showed that the expressions of five hub fibrogenic genes, including Col3A1, BGN, Col4A1, THBS2, and Col4A2 in the R septa group, were significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS The R septa can be differentiated from the P septa and PS fibrosis by quantitative assessment of SHG/TPEF, and it represents a tendency of fibrosis regression in MASH patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03386890, 29/12/2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yameng Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yayun Ren
- HistoIndex Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Jia Y, Jia R, Dai Z, Zhou J, Ruan J, Chng W, Cai Z, Zhang X. Stress granules in cancer: Adaptive dynamics and therapeutic implications. iScience 2024; 27:110359. [PMID: 39100690 PMCID: PMC11295550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), membrane-less cellular organelles formed via liquid-liquid phase separation, are central to how cells adapt to various stress conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, nutrient scarcity, and hypoxia. Recent studies have underscored a significant link between SGs and the process of tumorigenesis, highlighting that proteins, associated components, and signaling pathways that facilitate SG formation are often upregulated in cancer. SGs play a key role in enhancing tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while also inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating immune evasion, and driving metabolic reprogramming through multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, SGs have been identified as crucial elements in the development of resistance against chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy across a variety of cancer types. This review delves into the complex role of SGs in cancer development and resistance, bringing together the latest progress in the field and exploring new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruyin Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhengfeng Dai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - WeeJoo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Lai W, Zhang J, Sun J, Min T, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134809. [PMID: 39154692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the important factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease. The production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is an important feature of alcohol metabolism in the liver and an important substance in liver injury. When large amounts of ROS are produced, the homeostasis of the liver REDOX system will be disrupted and liver injury will be caused. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, liver dysfunction. In addition, damaging factors produced by oxidative damage to liver tissue can induce the occurrence of inflammation, thereby aggravating the development of ALD. This article reviews the oxidative damage of alcohol on liver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and provides new insights and summaries of the oxidative stress process. We also discussed the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in alcoholic liver disease from different perspectives. Finally, the research status of antioxidant therapy in alcoholic liver disease was summarized, hoping to provide better help for learning and developing the understanding of alcoholic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Min
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Lucchini S, Constantinou M, Marino S. Unravelling the mosaic: Epigenetic diversity in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39148319 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite decades of intensive research in the disease, its prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The remarkable level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity is certainly contributing to the lack of progress in tackling this tumour. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in glioblastoma biology and significantly contributes to intratumour heterogeneity. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it also contributes to intertumour heterogeneity, which historically had mainly been linked to diverse genetic events occurring in different patients. In this review, we explore how DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations contribute to intertumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma, including its implications for advanced tumour stratification, which is the essential first step for developing more effective patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lucchini
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Myrianni Constantinou
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Brain Tumour Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Gao Y, Mao J, Zhang R, Deng Q, Wang Y, Pan Y, Liudi S, Wang Y, Fan X, Yang Y, Wan S. Inhibiting PRMT1 protects against CoNV by regulating macrophages through the FGF2/PI3K/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176673. [PMID: 38815785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is predominantly initiated by inflammatory processes, resulting in aberrant vascular proliferation and consequent visual impairment. Existing therapeutic interventions for CoNV demonstrate limited efficacy and potential for adverse reactions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is associated with the regulation of inflammation and M2 macrophage polarization. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which PRMT1 operates in CoNV remains uncertain. This study explored the impact of PRMT1 inhibition in a murine model of CoNV induced by alkali burn. Our findings indicated a direct relationship between PRMT1 levels and corneal damage. Moreover, our observations indicated an increase in fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in CoNV, which was reduced after treatment with a PRMT1 inhibitor. The inhibition of PRMT1 alleviated both corneal injury and CoNV, as evidenced by decreased corneal opacity and neovascularization. Immunofluorescence analysis and evaluation of inflammatory factor expression demonstrated that PRMT1 inhibition attenuated M2 macrophage polarization, a phenomenon that was reversed by the administration of recombinant FGF2 protein. These results were confirmed through experimentation on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage cells (RAW264.7). Furthermore, it was established that FGF2 played a role in PI3K/Akt signal transduction, a critical regulatory pathway for M2 macrophage polarization. Importantly, the activity of this pathway was found to be suppressed by PRMT1 inhibitors. Mechanistically, PRMT1 was shown to promote M2 macrophage polarization, thereby contributing to CoNV, through the FGF2/PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, targeting PRMT1 may offer a promising therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiewen Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yujin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yumiao Pan
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Shiwen Liudi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiangli Fan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
258
|
Wang Q, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhao Q, Gao Y. The multiple mechanisms and therapeutic significance of rutin in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106178. [PMID: 39153555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The global incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been steadily increasing, making it a leading chronic liver disease. MAFLD refers to a metabolic syndrome linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity. However, its pathophysiology is complex, there are currently no effective and approved medicines for therapy. Rutin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid, is widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and other plants. It exhibits a plethora of bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, making it an extremely promising phytochemical. Rutin has shown great potential in the treatment of a wide variety of metabolic diseases and received considerable attention in recent years. Fortuitously, various research studies have validated rutin's extensive biological functions in treating metabolic disorders. Despite the fact that the exact pathophysiological mechanisms through which rutin has a hepatoprotective effect on MAFLD are still not fully elucidated. This review comprehensively outlines rutin's multifaceted preventive and therapeutic effects in MAFLD, including the modulation of lipid metabolism, reduction of insulin resistance, diminution of inflammation and oxidative stress, combatting of obesity, and influence on intestinal flora. This paper details the known molecular targets and pathways of rutin in MAFLD pathogenesis. It endeavored to provide new ideas for treating MAFLD and accelerating its translation from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhuo Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yingjuan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ruiling Lu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Qingwen Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Shimizu K, Nishimura N, Wang T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki E, Hasumi K. Anti-angiogenic activity of a novel angiostatin-like plasminogen fragment produced by a bacterial metalloproteinase. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35232. [PMID: 39170245 PMCID: PMC11336434 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth depends on angiogenesis, a process by which new blood vessel are formed from pre-existing normal blood vessels. Proteolytic fragments of plasminogen, containing varying numbers of plasminogen kringle domains, collectively known as angiostatin, are a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis and inhibit tumor growth. We have developed an "affinity-capture reactor" that enables a single-step method for the production/purification of an angiostatin-like plasminogen fragment from human plasma using an immobilized bacterial metalloproteinase. The resulting fragment, named BL-angiostatin, contains one or two glycosyl chains and the N-terminal PAN module, which are not present in canonical angiostatins tested for cancer treatment. BL-angiostatin inhibited angiogenesis in vitro at 20 nM and the growth of both allograft and human xenograft tumors as well as lung metastasis of primary tumors mice at 0.3-10 mg kg-1. Derivatives of BL angiostatin lacking the PAN module or the terminal sialic acids in the glycosyl chains showed reduced anti-angiogenic activity in vivo, suggesting a role for these functions in activity, possibly via conferring a pharmacokinetic advantage to BL angiostatin compared to recombinant angiostatin lacking both features. These results highlight the potential of BL-angiostatin for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-9-11F Fuchucho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0055, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishimura
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-9-11F Fuchucho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0055, Japan
| | - Taolin Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yamamoto
- Research Center, EPS Innovative Medicine, Kagurazaka AK Building, 1-8 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0821, Japan
| | - Eriko Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keiji Hasumi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Research and Development, TMS Co., Ltd., 1-9-11F Fuchucho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0055, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Wang M, Chen H, Ma Y, Bai R, Gao S, Yang L, Guo W, Zhang C, Kang C, Lan Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Hou Y. Dual-layer spectral-detector CT for detecting liver steatosis by using proton density fat fraction as reference. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:210. [PMID: 39145877 PMCID: PMC11327236 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liver dual-layer spectral-detector CT (SDCT) derived parameters of liver parenchyma for grading steatosis with reference to magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). METHODS Altogether, 320 consecutive subjects who underwent MRI-PDFF and liver SDCT examinations were recruited and prospectively enrolled from four Chinese hospital centers. Participants were classified into normal (n = 152), mild steatosis (n = 110), and moderate/severe(mod/sev) steatosis (n = 58) groups based on MRI-PDFF. SDCT liver parameters were evaluated using conventional polychromatic CT images (CTpoly), virtual mono-energetic images at 40 keV (CT40kev), the slope of the spectral attenuation curve (λ), the effective atomic number (Zeff), and liver to spleen attenuation ratio (L/S ratio). Linearity between SDCT liver parameters and MRI-PDFF was examined using Spearman correlation. Cutoff values for SDCT liver parameters in determining steatosis grades were identified using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS SDCT liver parameters demonstrated a strong correlation with PDFF, particularly Zeff (rs = -0.856; p < 0.001). Zeff achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.930 for detecting the presence of steatosis with a sensitivity of 89.4%, a specificity of 82.4%, and an AUC of 0.983 for detecting mod/sev steatosis with a sensitivity of 93.1%, a specificity of 93.5%, the corresponding cutoff values were 7.12 and 6.94, respectively. Zeff also exhibited good diagnostic performance for liver steatosis grading in subgroups, independent of body mass index. CONCLUSION SDCT liver parameters, particularly Zeff, exhibit excellent diagnostic accuracy for grading steatosis. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Dual-layer SDCT parameter, Zeff, as a more convenient and accurate imaging biomarker may serve as an alternative indicator for MRI-based proton density fat fraction, exploring the stage and prognosis of liver steatosis, and even metabolic risk assessment. KEY POINTS Liver biopsy is the standard for grading liver steatosis, but is limited by its invasive nature. The diagnostic performance of liver steatosis using SDCT-Zeff outperforms conventional CT parameters. SDCT-Zeff accurately and noninvasively assessed the grade of liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ruobing Bai
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Sizhe Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chengjun Kang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Qinghai, P.R. China
| | - Yonggao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xigang Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Cui L, Xu X, Fan H, Wan X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Tao C, Du Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li L, Bu Y, Lei Y. Reuterin promotes pyroptosis in hepatocellular cancer cells through mtDNA-mediated STING activation and caspase 8 expression. Cancer Lett 2024; 601:217183. [PMID: 39153728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with poor prognosis. The available drugs for advanced HCC are limited and substantial therapeutic advances including new drugs and new combination therapies are still in urgent need. In this study, we found that the major metabolite of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), reuterin showed great anti-HCC potential and could help in sorafenib treatment. Reuterin treatment impaired mitophagy and caused the aberrant clustering of mitochondrial nucleoids to block mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial fission, which could promote mtDNA leakage and subsequent STING activation in HCC cells. STING could activate pyroptosis and necroptosis, while reuterin treatment also induced caspase 8 expression to inhibit necroptosis through cleaving RIPK3 in HCC cells. Thus, pyroptosis was the main death form in reuterin-treated HCC cells and STING suppression remarkably rescued the growth inhibitory effect of reuterin and concurrently knockdown caspase 8 synergized to restrain the induction of pyroptosis. In conclusion, our study explains the detailed molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of reuterin and reveals its potential to perform as a combinational drug for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyan Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology and Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chuntao Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Du
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Song Y, Boerner T, Drill E, Shin P, Kumar S, Sigel C, Cercek A, Kemeny N, Abou-Alfa G, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Cowzer D, Schultz N, Walch H, Balachandran V, Groot Koerkamp B, Kingham P, Soares K, Wei A, D'Angelica M, Drebin J, Chandwani R, Harding JJ, Jarnagin W. A Novel Approach to Quantify Heterogeneity of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: The Hidden-Genome Classifier. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3499-3511. [PMID: 38864854 PMCID: PMC11326964 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) is a heterogeneous tumor. The hidden-genome classifier, a supervised machine learning-based algorithm, was used to quantify tumor heterogeneity and improve classification. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A retrospective review of 1,370 patients with IHC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or biphenotypic tumors was conducted. A hidden-genome model classified 527 IHC based on genetic similarity to EHC/GBC or HCC. Genetic, histologic, and clinical data were correlated. RESULTS In this study, 410 IHC (78%) had >50% genetic homology with EHC/GBC; 122 (23%) had >90% homology ("biliary class"), characterized by alterations of KRAS, SMAD4, and CDKN2A loss; 117 IHC (22%) had >50% genetic homology with HCC; and 30 (5.7%) had >90% homology ("HCC class"), characterized by TERT alterations. Patients with biliary- versus non-biliary-class IHC had median overall survival (OS) of 1 year (95% CI, 0.77, 1.5) versus 1.8 years (95% CI, 1.6, 2.0) for unresectable disease and 2.4 years (95% CI, 2.1, NR) versus 5.1 years (95% CI, 4.8, 6.9) for resectable disease. Large-duct IHC (n = 28) was more common in the biliary class (n = 27); the HCC class was composed mostly of small-duct IHC (64%, P = 0.02). The hidden genomic classifier predicted OS independent of FGFR2 and IDH1 alterations. By contrast, the histology subtype did not predict OS. CONCLUSIONS IHC genetics form a spectrum with worse OS for tumors genetically aligned with EHC/GBC. The classifier proved superior to histologic subtypes for predicting OS independent of FGFR2 and IDH1 alterations. These results may explain the differential treatment responses seen in IHC and may direct therapy by helping stratify patients in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Boerner
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Esther Drill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul Shin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlie Sigel
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Kemeny
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ghassan Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Darren Cowzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Henry Walch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vinod Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kingham
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Soares
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alice Wei
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael D'Angelica
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Drebin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - James J Harding
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
O'Brien JE, Jones LM, Mitchell KJ, Kahn GZ. COVID-19 and Child Sex Trafficking: Qualitative Insights on the Effect of the Pandemic on Victimization and Service Provision. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241267721. [PMID: 39148358 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241267721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Child sex trafficking (CST) is the involvement of minors in the commercial exchange of sex for goods, services, drugs, or money. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many risk factors associated with CST victimization and the availability of CST services. We examined service providers' perspectives on how the pandemic affected trajectories of CST victimization among young people in the United States. METHODS We collected qualitative data from 80 law enforcement professionals and service providers working with young people affected by CST from 11 US cities. Semistructured interviews lasted approximately 1 hour and were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded via a grounded theory approach. RESULTS We found 3 overarching themes related to the pandemic's effect on CST victimization trajectories: grooming, perpetration, and service provision. Participants described how increased online activity may have increased the risk of CST, even among children without traditional risk factors. However, technology also facilitated young people's agency in seeking help and receiving services. In addition, participants reported increases in virtual service provision that facilitated access to, and availability of, CST services more generally. CONCLUSIONS Technology use among young people increased during the pandemic, leading to increases in the risks of experiencing technology-facilitated CST. Technology use among young people who experience CST victimization-and how it may differ from young people more generally-is underexplored and may provide insights into prevention and treatment. Collectively, results highlight the need for epidemiologic research to help identify how global and national events affect trajectories of victimization among young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E O'Brien
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Gina Zwerling Kahn
- Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
264
|
Cui Y, Wu J, Zhang D, Li D, Zhang J, Li W, Wang C, Yuan C, Liu Z. Changes in chemical components and hepatoprotective effect of red Panax notoginseng processed by aspartic acid impregnation treatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6085-6099. [PMID: 38445528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red Panax notoginseng (RPN) is one of the major processed products of P. notoginseng (PN), with more effective biological activities. However, the traditional processing method of RPN has some disadvantages, such as low conversion rate of ginsenosides and long processing time. RESULTS In this work, we developed a green, safe, and efficient approach for RPN processing by aspartic acid impregnation pretreatment. Our results showed that the optimized temperature, steaming time, and concentration of aspartic acid were 120 °C, 1 h, and 3% respectively. The original ginsenosides in PN treated by aspartic acid (Asp-PN) were completely converted to rare saponins at 120 °C within just 1 h. The concentration of the rare ginsenosides in Asp-PN was two times higher than that in untreated RPN. In addition, we examined the protective effect of RPN and Asp-PN on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in a mouse model. The results showed that Asp-PN has significantly more potent hepatoprotective action than the RPN. The hepatoprotection of Asp-PN in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION These results indicated that aspartic acid impregnation pretreatment may provide an effective method to shorten the steaming time, improve the conversion rate of ginsenosides, and enhance hepatoprotective activity of RPN. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfa Wu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Danli Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| | - Chongzhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunsu Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Mak LY, Liu K, Chirapongsathorn S, Yew KC, Tamaki N, Rajaram RB, Panlilio MT, Lui R, Lee HW, Lai JCT, Kulkarni AV, Premkumar M, Lesmana CRA, Hsu YC, Huang DQ. Liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region: burden, trends, challenges and future directions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00967-4. [PMID: 39147893 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Globally, nearly half of deaths from cirrhosis and chronic liver diseases (CLD) and three-quarters of deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occur in the Asia-Pacific region. Chronic hepatitis B is responsible for the vast majority of liver-related deaths in the region. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common form of CLD, affecting an estimated 30% of the adult population. Compared with people of European descent, people from the Asia-Pacific region carry more genetic variants associated with MASLD and its progression. Alcohol is a fast-growing cause of CLD and HCC in Asia as a result of the rising per-capita consumption of alcohol. Drug-induced liver injury is under-recognized and probably has a high prevalence in this region. The epidemiological and outcome data of acute-on-chronic liver failure are heterogeneous, and non-unified definitions across regions contribute to this heterogeneity. CLDs are severely underdiagnosed, and effective treatments and vaccinations are underutilized. In this Review, we highlight trends in the burden of CLD and HCC in the Asia-Pacific region and discuss the rapidly changing aetiologies of liver disease. We examine the multiple gaps in the care cascade and propose mitigating strategies and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yi Mak
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Liu
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rashid Lui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Anand V Kulkarni
- Department of Hepatology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Yao Chun Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Li Y, Jiang LN, Zhao BK, Li ML, Jiang YY, Liu YS, Liu SH, Zhu L, Ye X, Zhao JM. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase is a potential tumor suppressor and predictive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3651-3671. [PMID: 39171187 PMCID: PMC11334038 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i8.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and metastasis is the main cause of early recurrence and poor prognosis. However, the mechanism of metastasis remains poorly understood. AIM To determine the possible mechanism affecting HCC metastasis and provide a possible theoretical basis for HCC treatment. METHODS The candidate molecule lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was screened by gene microarray and bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of LCAT in clinical cohort samples was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor-forming ability were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell cell migration, invasion, and clonal formation assays, respectively. Tumor formation was detected in nude mice after LCAT gene knockdown or overexpression. The immunohistochemistry for Ki67, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor were performed in liver tissues to assess the effect of LCAT on HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on various gene signatures were analyzed with GSEA version 3.0. Three machine-learning algorithms (random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression) were applied to predict HCC metastasis in The Cancer Genome Atlas and GEO databases. RESULTS LCAT was identified as a novel gene relating to HCC metastasis by using gene microarray in HCC tissues. LCAT was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues, which is correlated with recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome of HCC patients. Functional analysis indicated that LCAT inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Clinicopathological data showed that LCAT was negatively associated with HCC size and metastasis (HCC size ≤ 3 cm vs 3-9 cm, P < 0.001; 3-9 cm vs > 9 cm, P < 0.01; metastatic-free HCC vs extrahepatic metastatic HCC, P < 0.05). LCAT suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Our results indicated that the logistic regression model based on LCAT, TNM stage and the serum level of α-fetoprotein in HCC patients could effectively predict high metastatic risk HCC patients. CONCLUSION LCAT is downregulated at translational and protein levels in HCC and might inhibit tumor metastasis via attenuating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. LCAT is a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li-Na Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo-Kang Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yi-Yun Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yi-Si Liu
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu-Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing-Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Lou Y, Chen Y, Guo K, Li B, Zheng S. Emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy response in biliary tract cancers: a comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitor strategies. Biomark Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39143949 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2385297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have rising incidence and mortality rates. Chemotherapy's limited efficacy has led to exploring new treatments like immunotherapy. which offers modest benefits. Moreover, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint therapy in BTCs remains elusive, hindering personalized treatment strategies. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy response in BTCs. We discuss the incremental benefits of combination therapy and the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing advanced BTC. Additionally, we highlight the need for robust predictive biomarkers to optimize treatment outcomes and foster a more individualized approach to patient care. We aim to identify promising research avenues and strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient survival in BTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Lou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology & Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Song Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology & Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| |
Collapse
|
268
|
Keshavarzi M, Naraki K, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. A narrative review and new insights into the protective effects of taurine against drug side effects. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03331-0. [PMID: 39141023 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Taurine, a non-essential amino acid produced from cysteine, is abundant in body tissues and blood plasma. It plays vital roles in growth, osmosis, lipid metabolism, and neurohormonal modulation. Taurine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, and its deficiency can lead to various diseases including cardiovascular, diabetic, renal, and liver disorders. This report provides a comprehensive review of the functional properties of taurine in counteracting pharmaceutical-induced side effects. A search across databases such as Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science yielded 109 articles, of which 75 were included in the study. These results suggest that the protective effects of taurine involve mechanisms such as influencing pathways of Nrf2/OH-1, PI3-kinase/AKT and ERK2, boosting antioxidants (SOD, GPx and CAT), and suppression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). Overall, supplementation with taurine along with medications with significant side effects may mitigate these effects and enhance their efficacy. Further investigation of the interactions between taurine and other nutrients or compounds may provide insights into synergistic effects and novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Chávez-López LM, Carballo-López GI, Lugo-Ibarra KDC, Castro-Ceseña AB. A comprehensive framework for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: analyzing novel risk factors and advances in nanotechnology-based treatments and diagnosis. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2622-2642. [PMID: 39149095 PMCID: PMC11324041 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) presents a growing global health challenge requiring innovative approaches for effective management. This comprehensive review examines novel risk factors, including environmental pollutants like heavy metals, and underscores the complexity of personalized medicine tailored to individual patient profiles, influenced by gender and sex differences. Traditional treatments for MASLD, such as glucose- and lipid-lowering agents, show mixed results, highlighting the necessity for larger, long-term studies to establish safety and efficacy. Alternative therapies, including antioxidants, stem cells, and antiplatelets, although promising, demand extensive clinical trials for validation. This review highlights the importance of personalized medicine, considering individual variations and specific factors such as gender and sex, to optimize treatment responses. The shift from metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to MASLD terminology underscores the metabolic components of the disease, aligning with the multiple-hit theory and highlighting the necessity for comprehensive risk factor management. Our vision advocates for an integrated approach to MASLD, encompassing extensive risk factor analysis and the development of safer, more effective treatments. Primary prevention and awareness initiatives are crucial in addressing the rising prevalence of MASLD. Future research must prioritize larger, long-term studies and personalized medicine principles to ensure the effective use of emerging therapies and technologies. The review underscores the need for continuous exploration and innovation, balancing the benefits and challenges of nanotechnology, to combat MASLD and improve patient outcomes comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Chávez-López
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Xochicalco Campus Ensenada San Francisco 1139, Fraccionamiento Misión C.P. 22830 Ensenada Baja California Mexico
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas C.P. 22860 Ensenada Baja California Mexico
| | - Gabriela I Carballo-López
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas C.P. 22860 Ensenada Baja California Mexico
| | | | - Ana B Castro-Ceseña
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas C.P. 22860 Ensenada Baja California Mexico
- CONAHCYT - Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE) Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas C.P. 22860 Ensenada Baja California Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
270
|
Tobaruela-Resola AL, Milagro FI, Elorz M, Benito-Boillos A, Herrero JI, Mogna-Peláez P, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Abete I, Zulet MÁ. Circulating miR-122-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-126-5p and miR-21-5p as potential predictive biomarkers for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease assessment. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01037-8. [PMID: 39138826 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a worldwide leading cause of liver-related associated morbidities and mortality. Currently, there is a lack of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for an accurate of MASLD. Hence, this study aimed to evidence the functional role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for MASLD assessment. Data from 55 participants with steatosis (MASLD group) and 45 without steatosis (control group) from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study (NCT03183193) were analyzed. Anthropometrics and body composition, biochemical and inflammatory markers, lifestyle factors and liver status were evaluated. Circulating miRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Circulating levels of miR-122-5p, miR-151a-3p, miR-126-5p and miR-21-5p were significantly increased in the MASLD group. These miRNAs were significantly associated with steatosis, liver stiffness and hepatic fat content. Logistic regression analyses revealed that miR-151a-3p or miR-21-5p in combination with leptin showed a significant diagnostic accuracy for liver stiffness obtaining an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 as well as miR-151a-3p in combination with glucose for hepatic fat content an AUC of 0.81. The best predictor value for steatosis was obtained by combining miR-126-5p with leptin, presenting an AUC of 0.95. Circulating miRNAs could be used as a non-invasive biomarkers for evaluating steatosis, liver stiffness and hepatic fat content, which are crucial in determining MASLD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: • Trial registration number: NCT03183193 ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ). • Date of registration: 12/06/2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luz Tobaruela-Resola
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Elorz
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Benito-Boillos
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I Herrero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Mogna-Peláez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group On Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology and Centre for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Hung JH, Teng CF, Hung HC, Chen YL, Chen PJ, Ho CL, Chuang CH, Huang W. Genomic instabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma: biomarkers and application in immunotherapies. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101546. [PMID: 39147130 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. For patients with advanced HCC, liver function decompensation often occurs, which leads to poor tolerance to chemotherapies and other aggressive treatments. Therefore, it remains critical to develop effective therapeutic strategies for HCC. Etiological factors for HCC are complex and multifaceted, including hepatitis virus infection, alcohol, drug abuse, chronic metabolic abnormalities, and others. Thus, HCC has been categorized as a "genomically unstable" cancer due to the typical manifestation of chromosome breakage and aneuploidy, and oxidative DNA damage. In recent years, immunotherapy has provided a new option for cancer treatments, and the degree of genomic instability positively correlates with immunotherapy efficacies. This article reviews the endogenous and exogenous causes that affect the genomic stability of liver cells; it also updates the current biomarkers and their detection methods for genomic instabilities and relevant applications in cancer immunotherapies. Including genomic instability biomarkers in consideration of cancer treatment options shall increase the patients' well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Feng Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chin Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Ho
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan..
| |
Collapse
|
272
|
Karnawat K, Parthasarathy R, Sakhrie M, Karthik H, Krishna KV, Balachander GM. Building in vitro models for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in chronic liver diseases. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7669-7691. [PMID: 38973693 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The liver has excellent regeneration potential and attains complete functional recovery from partial hepatectomy. The regenerative mechanisms malfunction in chronic liver diseases (CLDs), which fuels disease progression. CLDs account for 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Pathophysiological studies with clinical correlation have shown evidence of deviation of normal regenerative mechanisms and its contribution to fueling fibrosis and disease progression. However, we lack realistic in vitro models that can allow experimental manipulation for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in CLDs and testing of candidate drugs. In this review, we aim to provide the framework for building appropriate organotypic models for dissecting regenerative responses in CLDs, with the focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By drawing parallels with development and hepatectomy, we explain the selection of critical components such as cells, signaling, and, substrate-driven biophysical cues to build an appropriate CLD model. We highlight the organoid-based organotypic models available for NASH disease modeling, including organ-on-a-chip and 3D bioprinted models. With the focus on bioprinting as a fabrication method, we prescribe building in vitro CLD models and testing schemes for exploring the regenerative responses in the bioprinted model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Karnawat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Rithika Parthasarathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Mesevilhou Sakhrie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Harikeshav Karthik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Konatala Vibhuvan Krishna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Gowri Manohari Balachander
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
273
|
Zhang G, Li J, Li G, Zhang J, Yang Z, Yang L, Jiang S, Wang J. Strategies for treating the cold tumors of cholangiocarcinoma: core concepts and future directions. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 39141161 PMCID: PMC11324771 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare type of digestive tract cancer originating from the epithelial cells of the liver and biliary tract. Current treatment modalities for CCA, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have demonstrated limited efficacy in enhancing survival rates. Despite the revolutionary potential of immunotherapy in cancer management, its application in CCA remains restricted due to the minimal infiltration of immune cells in these tumors, rendering them cold and unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Cancer cells within cold tumors deploy various mechanisms for evading immune attack, thus impeding clinical management. Recently, combination immunotherapy has become increasingly essential to comprehend the mechanisms underlying cold tumors to enhance a deficient antitumor immune response. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the knowledge on the combination immunotherapy of cold CCA is imperative to leverage the benefits of immunotherapy in treating patients. Moreover, gut microbiota plays an essential role in the immunotherapeutic responses in CCA. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of immunotherapy in CCA and clarify the intricate dynamics within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of CCA. We also delve into the evasion mechanisms employed by CCA tumors against the anti-tumor immune responses. The context of combination immunotherapies in igniting cold tumors of CCA and the critical function of gut microbiota in prompting immune responses have also been annotated. Furthermore, we have proposed future directions in the realm of CCA immunotherapy, aiming to improve the clinical prognosis of CCA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GuanBo Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - JinSong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - ShiJie Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - JiaXing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Baars DP, Fondevila MF, Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M. The central role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and management of type 2 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1280-1300. [PMID: 39146799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The inhabitants of our intestines, collectively called the gut microbiome, comprise fungi, viruses, and bacterial strains. These microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of dietary compounds and the regulation of our adaptive and innate immune systems. Less known is the reciprocal interaction between the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their role in modifying therapies to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to discuss the existing literature on gut microbial strains and their diet-derived metabolites involved in T2DM. We also explore the potential diagnostics and therapeutic avenues the gut microbiota presents for targeted T2DM management. Personalized treatment plans, driven by diet and medication based on the patient's microbiome and clinical markers, could optimize therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Baars
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
275
|
Noskov S, Parulya O, Lutskova L, Arefeva A, Protsenko E, Banko V, Radaeva K, Matvienko I, Gefen M, Karnakova P, Knyazeva A, Komarov T, Archakova O, Shohin I. Bioequivalence and Safety of Generic Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Compared to a Branded Product: A Randomized, Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 39140163 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This was an open-label, randomized, single-dose, 2-period, crossover clinical trial with an adaptive design to evaluate the bioequivalence and comparative pharmacokinetics of generic glecaprevir/pibrentasvir versus the brand name product in healthy White male and female volunteers under fed conditions. Safety profiles were also assessed. A total of 56 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of either the generic or reference formulation. After a 7-day washout period, subjects received the alternate product. Blood samples were collected at pre-specified time points up to 48 hours post-dosing. Plasma concentrations of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The geometric mean ratios of the test to the reference formulation for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve from drug administration to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) fell within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80%-125%. Both formulations demonstrated comparable pharmacokinetic profiles for glecaprevir and pibrentasvir, and can be considered bioequivalent. No adverse events were reported, and both formulations were well tolerated by all participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Gefen
- R&D Center, GEROPHARM, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alina Knyazeva
- LLC "Center for Pharmaceutical Analytics", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Archakova
- LLC "Center for Pharmaceutical Analytics", Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Shohin
- LLC "Center for Pharmaceutical Analytics", Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
Rojas M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Heuer LS, Zang W, M Monsalve D, Ramírez-Santana C, Anaya JM, M Ridgway W, A Ansari A, Gershwin ME. Antigen-specific T cells and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103303. [PMID: 39141985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) showcase the intricate balance between the immune system's protective functions and its potential for self-inflicted damage. These disorders arise from the immune system's erroneous targeting of the body's tissues, resulting in damage and disease. The ability of T cells to distinguish between self and non-self-antigens is pivotal to averting autoimmune reactions. Perturbations in this process contribute to AD development. Autoreactive T cells that elude thymic elimination are activated by mimics of self-antigens or are erroneously activated by self-antigens can trigger autoimmune responses. Various mechanisms, including molecular mimicry and bystander activation, contribute to AD initiation, with specific triggers and processes varying across the different ADs. In addition, the formation of neo-epitopes could also be implicated in the emergence of autoreactivity. The specificity of T cell responses centers on the antigen recognition sequences expressed by T cell receptors (TCRs), which recognize peptide fragments displayed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The assortment of TCR gene combinations yields a diverse array of T cell populations, each with distinct affinities for self and non-self antigens. However, new evidence challenges the traditional notion that clonal expansion solely steers the selection of higher-affinity T cells. Lower-affinity T cells also play a substantial role, prompting the "two-hit" hypothesis. High-affinity T cells incite initial responses, while their lower-affinity counterparts perpetuate autoimmunity. Precision treatments that target antigen-specific T cells hold promise for avoiding widespread immunosuppression. Nevertheless, detection of such antigen-specific T cells remains a challenge, and multiple technologies have been developed with different sensitivities while still harboring several drawbacks. In addition, elements such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and validation through animal models are pivotal for advancing these strategies. In brief, this review delves into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ADs, accentuating the pivotal role(s) of antigen-specific T cells in steering immune responses and disease progression, as well as the novel strategies for the identification of antigen-specific cells and their possible future use in humans. Grasping the mechanisms behind ADs paves the way for targeted therapeutic interventions, potentially enhancing treatment choices while minimizing the risk of systemic immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rojas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Luke S Heuer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Weici Zang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Ramírez-Mejía MM, Qi X, Abenavoli L, Méndez-Sánchez N. The myth of the stigma of fatty liver: What does the evidence show? Ann Hepatol 2024:101535. [PMID: 39147131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent efforts to reclassify non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are intended to divert attention to the metabolic basis of the disease rather than to alcohol consumption. This reclassification recognizes the role of obesity, sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits in the development of the disease, leading to a better understanding of its etiology. Nevertheless, the transition has posed its own challenges, particularly with regard to communication between patient and healthcare professional. Many healthcare professionals report difficulty in explaining the nuanced concepts, especially the term "steatosis". In addition, the change in terminology has not yet removed the stigma, with ongoing debates about the appropriateness of the terms "fatty" and "steatotic". Surveys suggest that while "obesity" may be perceived as more stigmatizing, the medical term "steatotic liver disease" is not considered as stigmatizing, indicating a disconnect in perceptions between healthcare professionals and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM-MD/PhD), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
278
|
Wang L, Lin M, Hou L, Rikihisa Y. Anaplasma phagocytophilum effector EgeA facilitates infection by hijacking TANGO1 and SCFD1 from ER-Golgi exit sites to pathogen-occupied inclusions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405209121. [PMID: 39106308 PMCID: PMC11331065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405209121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The obligatory intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging zoonosis. Anaplasma has limited biosynthetic and metabolic capacities, yet it effectively replicates inside of inclusions/vacuoles of eukaryotic host cells. Here, we describe a unique Type IV secretion system (T4SS) effector, ER-Golgi exit site protein of Anaplasma (EgeA). In cells infected by Anaplasma, secreted native EgeA, EgeA-GFP, and the C-terminal half of EgeA (EgeA-C)-GFP localized to Anaplasma-containing inclusions. In uninfected cells, EgeA-C-GFP localized to cis-Golgi, whereas the N-terminal half of EgeA-GFP localized to the ER. Pull-down assays identified EgeA-GFP binding to a transmembrane protein in the ER, Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1). By yeast two-hybrid analysis, EgeA-C directly bound Sec1 family domain-containing protein 1 (SCFD1), a host protein of the cis-Golgi network that binds TANGO1 at ER-Golgi exit sites (ERES). Both TANGO1 and SCFD1 localized to the Anaplasma inclusion surface. Furthermore, knockdown of Anaplasma EgeA or either host TANGO1 or SCFD1 significantly reduced Anaplasma infection. TANGO1 and SCFD1 prevent ER congestion and stress by facilitating transport of bulky or unfolded proteins at ERES. A bulky cargo collagen and the ER-resident chaperon BiP were transported into Anaplasma inclusions, and several ER stress marker genes were not up-regulated in Anaplasma-infected cells. Furthermore, EgeA transfection reduced collagen overexpression-induced BiP upregulation. These results suggest that by binding to the two ERES proteins, EgeA redirects the cargo-adapted ERES to pathogen-occupied inclusions and reduces ERES congestion, which facilitates Anaplasma nutrient acquisition and reduces ER stress for Anaplasma survival and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Mingqun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Libo Hou
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Yasuko Rikihisa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Zhou HQ, Zhang YX, Chen G, Yu QT, Zhang H, Wu GW, Wu D, Lin YC, Zhu JF, Chen JH, Hu XH, Lan B, Zhou ZQ, Lin HF, Wang ZB, Lei XL, Pan SM, Chen LM, Zhang J, Kong TD, Yao JC, Zheng X, Li F, Zhang L, Fang WF. Gefitinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus anlotinib (an multikinase inhibitor) for untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (FL-ALTER): a multicenter phase III trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:215. [PMID: 39134529 PMCID: PMC11319491 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways offers the prospect of improving the effectiveness of EFGR-targeted therapy. In this phase 3 study (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04028778), 315 patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomized (1:1) to receive anlotinib or placebo plus gefitinib once daily on days 1-14 per a 3-week cycle. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS), a significant improvement in PFS was observed for the anlotinib arm over the placebo arm (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.48-0.80, P = 0.003). Particularly, patients with brain metastasis and those harboring EGFR amplification or high tumor mutation load gained significant more benefits in PFS from gefitinib plus anlotinib. The incidence of grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events was 49.7% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus anlotinib versus 31.0% of the patients receiving gefitinib plus placebo. Anlotinib plus gefitinib significantly improves PFS in patients with treatment-naïve, EGFR-mutated, advanced NSCLC, with a manageable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi-Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology of Respirotary, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Urogenital Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 52800, China
| | - Guo-Wu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, 514031, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen people's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ying-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology of Respirotary, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410031, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Ze-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the 2nd People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518025, China
| | - Hai-Feng Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, China
| | - Zi-Bing Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617099, China
| | - Suo-Ming Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, 512099, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medicine College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University (The Second Clinical Medical College), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tian-Dong Kong
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, the Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | | | - Xin Zheng
- Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Rodriguez-Alvarez F, Mota-Ayala BZ, Villavicencio-Martínez R, Kauffman-Ortega E, Téllez-Morán LS, Castro-Narro G, Ignacio-Alvarez E, Gabutti-Thomas JA, Moctezuma-Velazquez C. Limited utility of routine bone scintigraphy in the staging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A cross-sectional study. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101545. [PMID: 39147135 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The most widely used staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the Barcelona Liver Clinic Cancer (BCLC) system, which considers tumor burden, performance status, and liver function. Tumor burden is assessed with cross sectional imaging of the abdomen and chest, controversy surrounds the routine use of bone scintigraphy (BS) for detecting extrahepatic metastases. This study evaluated the role of BS in staging HCC in Mexican patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study of all adults with HCC at a Mexican referral center from 2000 to 2018. Staging included abdominal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, chest CT, and BS. The main outcome was the impact of BS on staging and/or therapy plans. RESULTS Among 238 patients, 2 with fibrolamellar variant and 44 with incomplete data were excluded. Median age was 66 years, 84 % had cirrhosis, and the predominant etiology was hepatitis C virus (43 %). BCLC stages were distributed as follows: A (14 %), B (7 %), C (68 %), and D (11 %). Extrahepatic disease was present in 18 %; only 8 % patients had a positive BS. Among the positive cases, 4 were true positives, but they did not alter staging or therapy plans. CONCLUSIONS Routine BS in HCC staging demonstrated low yield, with a notable rate of false positives. Considering the implications of extrahepatic disease, BS may be justified for liver transplant candidates outside conventional criteria. Our study highlights the limited role of BS in early-stage HCC and advocates for a more selective utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Street Villarroel, 170, L'Eixample, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Street Casanova, 143, L'Eixample, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Zuleima Mota-Ayala
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Villavicencio-Martínez
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Eric Kauffman-Ortega
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Lucero Selene Téllez-Morán
- Radiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Graciela Castro-Narro
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ignacio-Alvarez
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Gabutti-Thomas
- Radiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos Moctezuma-Velazquez
- Gastroenterology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan. Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico; Department of Medicine - Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 8540 112 Street NW, Zeidler Ledcor Centre, Room 1-20B, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2×8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
281
|
Colosimo S, Miller H, Koutoukidis DA, Marjot T, Tan GD, Harman DJ, Aithal GP, Manousou P, Forlano R, Parker R, Sheridan DA, Newsome PN, Alazawi W, Cobbold JF, Tomlinson JW. Glycated haemoglobin is a major predictor of disease severity in patients with NAFLD. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024:111820. [PMID: 39147101 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, non-invasive scoring systems to stage the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) do not consider markers of glucose control (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c); this study aimed to define the relationship between HbA1c and NAFLD severity in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 857 patients with liver biopsy staged NAFLD. Generalized-linear models and binomial regression analysis were used to define the relationships between histological NAFLD severity, age, HbA1c, and BMI. Paired biopsies from interventional studies (n = 421) were used to assess the impact of change in weight, HbA1c and active vs. placebo treatment on improvements in steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. RESULTS In the discovery cohort (n = 687), risk of severe steatosis, NASH and advanced fibrosis correlated positively with HbA1c, after adjustment for obesity and age. These data were endorsed in a separate validation cohort (n = 170). Predictive modelling using HbA1c and age was non-inferior to the established non-invasive biomarker, Fib-4, and allowed the generation of HbA1c, age, and BMI adjusted risk charts to predict NAFLD severity. Following intervention, reduction in HbA1c was associated with improvements in steatosis and NASH after adjustment for weight change and treatment, whilst fibrosis change was only associated with weight change and treatment. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c is highly informative in predicting NAFLD severity and contributes more than BMI. Assessments of HbA1c must be a fundamental part of the holistic assessment of patients with NAFLD and, alongside age, can be used to identify patients with highest risk of advanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santo Colosimo
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Hamish Miller
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Barts Liver Centre, Queen Mary University London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios A Koutoukidis
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford Liver Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; UK NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Garry D Tan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Harman
- Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Parker
- Leeds Liver Unit, St James's University Hospital Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David A Sheridan
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William Alazawi
- Barts Liver Centre, Queen Mary University London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy F Cobbold
- Oxford Liver Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; UK NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Ma H, Yu T, Li ZC, Zhang L, Chen RX, Ren ZG. An Oxidative Stress-Related Prognostic Signature Predicts Treatment Response and Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Transarterial Chemoembolization. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1569-1580. [PMID: 39156675 PMCID: PMC11330244 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s465592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress plays a critical role in promoting tumor resistance to hypoxia and chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the prognostic role of oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has not been fully explored. Methods We used transcriptome data from the GSE104580 cohort containing patients marked as responders or nonresponders to TACE therapy to identify differentially expressed OSRGs associated with TACE response (TR-OSRGs). We created a TR-OSRG prognostic signature based on TR-OSRGs using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox and stepwise Cox regression analyses in a training cohort of patients with HCC (TCGA-LIHC). We verified this prognostic signature in two external cohorts of patients who received TACE for HCC (GSE14520-TACE and ZS-TACE-37). Finally, we constructed a prognostic nomogram model for predicting survival probability of patients with HCC based on Cox regression analysis. Results The TR-OSRG prognostic signature was created and shown to be a robust independent prognostic factor for treatment response and outcomes for HCC after TACE therapy. Risk scores based on this signature correlated with tumor stage and grade. Tumor samples from patients with higher risk scores exhibited more infiltration of immune cells and significantly increased expression of immune checkpoint genes. We also developed a nomogram for patients with HCC based on the TR-OSRG prognostic signature and clinical parameters; this nomogram was a useful quantitative analysis tool for predicting patient survival. Conclusion The TR-OSRGs signature exhibited good performance in predicting treatment response and outcomes in patients with HCC treated with TACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Chen Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Xin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Gang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Vogel JM, Pollack B, Spier E, McCorkell L, Jaudon TW, Fitzgerald M, Davis H, Cohen AK. Designing and optimizing clinical trials for long COVID. Life Sci 2024; 355:122970. [PMID: 39142505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID is a debilitating, multisystemic illness following a SARS-CoV-2 infection whose duration may be indefinite. Over four years into the pandemic, little knowledge has been generated from clinical trials. We analyzed the information available on ClinicalTrials.gov, and found that the rigor and focus of trials vary widely, and that the majority test non-pharmacological interventions with insufficient evidence. We highlight promising trials underway, and encourage the proliferation of clinical trials for treating Long COVID and other infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses (IACCIs). We recommend several guidelines for Long COVID trials: First, pharmaceutical trials with potentially curative, primary interventions should be prioritized, and both drug repurposing and new drug development should be pursued. Second, study designs should be both rigorous and accessible, e.g., triple-blinded randomized trials that can be conducted remotely, without participants needing to leave their homes. Third, studies should have multiple illness comparator cohorts for IACCIs such as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) and dysautonomia, and screen for the full spectrum of symptomatology and pathologies of these illnesses. Fourth, studies should consider inclusion/exclusion criteria with an eye towards equity and breadth of representation, including participants of all races, ethnicities, and genders most impacted by COVID-19, and including all levels of illness severity. Fifth, involving patient-researchers in all aspects of studies brings immensely valuable perspectives that will increase the impact of trials. We also encourage the development of efficient clinical trial designs including methods to study several therapies in parallel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moore Vogel
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States of America; Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America.
| | - Beth Pollack
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ezra Spier
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Lisa McCorkell
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Toni Wall Jaudon
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | | | - Hannah Davis
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Patient-Led Research Collaborative, United States of America; University of California San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, 550 16th street, 2nd floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Lin Z, Pan R, Wu L, Zhu F, Fang Q, Kwok HF, Lu X. AFP-HSP90 mediated MYC/MET activation promotes tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:283. [PMID: 39135041 PMCID: PMC11321088 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) elevation is a well-known biomarker in various diseases, particularly in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Intracellular AFP has been previously implicated in promoting tumorigenesis. In this study, we discovered that AFP enhances the stability of oncoproteins c-MYC and c-MET, thereby facilitating the progression of liver and gastric tumors. Our findings suggest that AFP acts by stabilizing these oncoproteins, which are clients of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and prevents their degradation through ubiquitination. Intriguingly, we identified AFP as a novel co-chaperone of HSP90, demonstrating its ability to regulate the stabilization of HSP90 client proteins. Furthermore, our results indicate that inhibiting AFP or HSP90 enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in AFP-producing HCC and gastric cancer cells. These findings have significant implications for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting AFP-producing tumors, as the AFP-HSP90-mediated activation of c-MYC and c-MET provides new insights into potential treatment approaches. In summary, this study sheds light on the role of AFP in promoting tumor progression by stabilizing oncoproteins through its interaction with HSP90. The identification of this mechanism opens up new avenues for therapeutic interventions in AFP-producing tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rulu Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Liyue Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fangsheng Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiwei Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xincheng Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Naing C, Ni H, Aung HH. Tamoxifen for adults with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 8:CD014869. [PMID: 39132750 PMCID: PMC11318082 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014869.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for 70% to 85% of individuals with primary liver cancer. Tamoxifen has been evaluated in randomised clinical trials in people with hepatocellular cancer. The reported results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of tamoxifen or tamoxifen plus any other anticancer drugs compared with no intervention, placebo, any type of standard care, or alternative treatment in adults with hepatocellular carcinoma, irrespective of sex, administered dose, type of formulation, and duration of treatment. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases, and major trials registries, and handsearched reference lists up to 26 March 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Parallel-group randomised clinical trials including adults (aged 18 years and above) diagnosed with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Had we found cross-over trials, we would have included only the first trial phase. We did not consider data from quasi-randomised trials for analysis. OUTCOMES Our critical outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, and health-related quality of life. Our important outcomes were disease progression, and adverse events considered non-serious. RISK OF BIAS We assessed risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool. SYNTHESIS METHODS We used standard Cochrane methods and Review Manager. We meta-analysed the outcome data at the longest follow-up. We presented the results of dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (RR) and continuous data as mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. We summarised the certainty of evidence using GRADE. INCLUDED STUDIES We included 10 trials that randomised 1715 participants with advanced, unresectable, or terminal stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Six were single-centre trials conducted in Hong Kong, Italy, and Spain, while three were conducted as multicentre trials in single countries (France, Italy, and Spain), and one trial was conducted in nine countries in the Asia-Pacific region (Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand). The experimental intervention was tamoxifen in all trials. The control interventions were no intervention (three trials), placebo (six trials), and symptomatic treatment (one trial). Co-interventions were best supportive care (three trials) and standard care (one trial). The remaining six trials did not provide this information. The number of participants in the trials ranged from 22 to 496 (median 99), mean age was 63.7 (standard deviation 4.18) years, and mean proportion of men was 74.7% (standard deviation 42%). Follow-up was three months to five years. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS Ten trials evaluated oral tamoxifen at five different dosages (ranging from 20 mg per day to 120 mg per day). All trials investigated one or more of our outcomes. We performed meta-analyses when at least two trials assessed similar types of tamoxifen versus similar control interventions. Eight trials evaluated all-cause mortality at varied follow-up points. Tamoxifen versus the control interventions (i.e. no treatment, placebo, and symptomatic treatment) results in little to no difference in mortality between one and five years (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06; 8 trials, 1364 participants; low-certainty evidence). In total, 488/682 (71.5%) participants died in the tamoxifen groups versus 487/682 (71.4%) in the control groups. The separate analysis results for one, between two and three, and five years were comparable to the analysis result for all follow-up periods taken together. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of tamoxifen versus no treatment on serious adverse events at one-year follow-up (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.06; 1 trial, 36 participants; very low-certainty evidence). A total of 5/20 (25.0%) participants in the tamoxifen group versus 9/16 (56.3%) participants in the control group experienced serious adverse events. One trial measured health-related quality of life at baseline and at nine months' follow-up, using the Spitzer Quality of Life Index. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of tamoxifen versus no treatment on health-related quality of life (MD 0.03, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.51; 1 trial, 420 participants; very low-certainty evidence). A second trial found no appreciable difference in global health-related quality of life scores. No further data were provided. Tamoxifen versus control interventions (i.e. no treatment, placebo, or symptomatic treatment) results in little to no difference in disease progression between one and five years' follow-up (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.14; 4 trials, 720 participants; low-certainty evidence). A total of 191/358 (53.3%) participants in the tamoxifen group versus 198/362 (54.7%) participants in the control group had progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tamoxifen versus control interventions (i.e. no treatment or placebo) may have little to no effect on adverse events considered non-serious during treatment, but the evidence is very uncertain (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.45 to 3.06; 4 trials, 462 participants; very low-certainty evidence). A total of 10/265 (3.8%) participants in the tamoxifen group versus 6/197 (3.0%) participants in the control group had adverse events considered non-serious. We identified no trials with participants diagnosed with early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. We identified no ongoing trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the low- and very low-certainty evidence, the effects of tamoxifen on all-cause mortality, disease progression, serious adverse events, health-related quality of life, and adverse events considered non-serious in adults with advanced, unresectable, or terminal stage hepatocellular carcinoma when compared with no intervention, placebo, or symptomatic treatment could not be established. Our findings are mostly based on trials at high risk of bias with insufficient power (fewer than 100 participants), and a lack of trial data on clinically important outcomes. Therefore, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Trials comparing tamoxifen administered with any other anticancer drug versus standard care, usual care, or alternative treatment as control interventions were lacking. Evidence on the benefits and harms of tamoxifen in participants at the early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma was also lacking. FUNDING This Cochrane review had no dedicated funding. REGISTRATION Protocol available via DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD014869.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Han Ni
- Department of Medicine, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Htar Htar Aung
- School of Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Pontikoglou CG, Filippatos TD, Matheakakis A, Papadaki HA. Steatotic liver disease in the context of hematological malignancies and anti-neoplastic chemotherapy. Metabolism 2024; 160:156000. [PMID: 39142602 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity-related illnesses, such as metabolic steatotic liver disease (MASLD), represents a significant global public health concern. This disease affects approximately 30 % of the adult population and is the result of metabolic abnormalities rather than alcohol consumption. Additionally, MASLD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic liver disease, and a variety of cancers, particularly gastrointestinal cancers. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a biological state characterized by the expansion of a population of blood cells derived from a single mutated hematopoietic stem cell. The presence of CH in the absence of a diagnosed blood disorder or cytopenia is known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which itself increases the risk of hematological malignancies and CVD. Steatotic liver disease may also complicate the clinical course of cancer patients receiving antineoplastic agents, a condition referred to as chemotherapy induced steatohepatitis (CASH). This review will present an outline of the various aspects of MASLD, including complications. Furthermore, it will summarize the existing knowledge on the emerging association between CHIP and MASLD and present the available data on patient cases with concurrent MASLD and hematological neoplasms. Finally, it will provide a brief overview of the chemotherapeutic drugs associated with CASH, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos G Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, & School of Medicine of the University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, & School of Medicine of the University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, & School of Medicine of the University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, & School of Medicine of the University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
Sun R, Fei F, Jin D, Yang H, Xu Z, Cao B, Li J. The integrated analysis of gut microbiota and metabolome revealed steroid hormone biosynthesis is a critical pathway in liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407401. [PMID: 39188944 PMCID: PMC11345278 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The liver is the only organ capable of full regeneration in mammals. However, the exact mechanism of gut microbiota and metabolites derived from them relating to liver regeneration has not been fully elucidated. Methods: To demonstrate how the gut-liver axis contributes to liver regeneration, using an LC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics technique, we examine the gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the gut content of C57BL/6J mice at various points after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PHx). Compound identification, multivariate/univariate data analysis and pathway analysis were performed subsequently. The diversity of the bacterial communities in the gastrointestinal content was measured using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, the integration analysis of gut microbiota and metabolome was performed. Results: After 2/3 PHx, the residual liver proliferated quickly in the first 3 days and had about 90% of its initial weight by the seventh day. The results of PLS-DA showed that a significant metabolic shift occurred at 6 h and 36 h after 2/3 PHx that was reversed at the late phase of liver regeneration. The α and β-diversity of the gut microbiota significantly changed at the early stage of liver regeneration. Specifically, Escherichia Shigella, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Muribaculaceae were the bacteria that changed the most considerably during liver regeneration. Further pathway analysis found the most influenced co-metabolized pathways between the host and gut bacteria including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, arginine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Specifically, steroid hormone biosynthesis is the most significant pathway of the host during liver regeneration. Discussion: These findings revealed that during liver regeneration, there was a broad modification of gut microbiota and systemic metabolism and they were strongly correlated. Targeting specific gut bacterial strains, especially increasing the abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, may be a promising beneficial strategy to modulate systemic metabolism such as amino acid and nucleotide metabolism and promote liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runbin Sun
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Jin
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyi Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
288
|
Gu W, Wu G, Chen G, Meng X, Xie Z, Cai S. Polyphenols alleviate metabolic disorders: the role of ubiquitin-proteasome system. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1445080. [PMID: 39188976 PMCID: PMC11345163 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1445080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It has become a major health issue around the world. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for nearly all cellular processes, functions as a primary pathway for intracellular protein degradation. Recent researches indicated that dysfunctions in the UPS may result in the accumulation of toxic proteins, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance, all of which contribute to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. An increasing body of evidence indicates that specific dietary polyphenols ameliorate metabolic disorders by preventing lipid synthesis and transport, excessive inflammation, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, through regulation of the UPS. This review summarized the latest research progress of natural polyphenols improving metabolic disorders by regulating lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance through the UPS. In addition, the possible mechanisms of UPS-mediated prevention of metabolic disorders are comprehensively proposed. We aim to provide new angle to the development and utilization of polyphenols in improving metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guohuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shanbao Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
289
|
Sun X, Liu Y, Cheng C, Sun H, Tian L. CTHRC1 modulates cell proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by DNA methylation. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:347. [PMID: 39134747 PMCID: PMC11319694 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), an extracellular matrix protein, is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and linked to poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of CTHRC1 in HCC is unclear. METHODS Agena MassARRAY® Methylation Analysis assessed the methylation level of CTHRC1 in the promoter region. Functional assays were conducted to investigate the effects of CTHRC1 knockdown in Hep3B2.1 cells. RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs associated with angiogenesis after CTHRC1 knockdown. Furthermore, differential alternative splicing (AS) and gene fusion events were analyzed using rMATS and Arriba. RESULTS In HCC cell lines, CTHRC1 was highly expressed and associated with hypomethylation. Downregulation of CTHRC1 inhibited Hep3B2.1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, blocked cells in the G1/S phase, and promoted apoptosis. We obtained 34 mRNAs and 7 lncRNAs differentially expressed between the NC and CTHRC1 inhibitor groups. Additionally, we found 4 angiogenesis-related mRNAs and lncRNAs significantly correlated with CTHRC1. RT-qPCR results showed that knockdown of CTHRC1 in Hep3B2.1 cells resulted in significantly aberrant expression of CXCL6, LINC02127, and AC020978.8. Moreover, the role of CTHRC1 in HCC development may be associated with events, like 12 AS events and 5 pairs of fusion genes. CONCLUSIONS High expressed CTHRC1 is associated with hypomethylation and may promote HCC development, involving events like angiogenesis, alternative splicing, and gene fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changdong Cheng
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Liqiang Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Lanshan District, Wohu Mountain Road and Wuhan Road Interchange, Linyi, 276000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
290
|
Fann YN, Teo WH, Lee HC, Liao CC, Tsay YG, Huang TF, Lo JF. Regimen on Dnaja3 haploinsufficiency mediated sarcopenic obesity with imbalanced mitochondrial homeostasis and lipid metabolism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39132696 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by excess fat mass and diminished muscular mass/function. DNAJA3, a mitochondrial co-chaperone protein, plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle development. GMI, an immunomodulatory protein, promotes myogenic differentiation through DNAJA3 activation. This study aims to elucidate the physiological effects of muscular Dnaja3 haploinsufficiency on mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated lipid metabolism and to assess the efficacy of GMI in rescuing sarcopenic obesity both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We generated mouse strain with Dnaja3 heterozygosity (HSA-Dnaja3f/+) specifically in skeletal muscle. The body weight, body composition, and locomotor activity of WT and HSA-Dnaja3f/+ mice were examined. The isolated skeletal muscles and primary myoblasts from the WT and HSA-Dnaja3f/+ mice, at young or old age, were utilized to study the molecular mechanisms, mitochondrial respiration and ROS level, mitochondrial proteomes, and serological analyses, respectively. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GMI, both short-term and long-term GMI treatment were administrated intraperitoneally to the HSA-Dnaja3f/+ young (4 weeks old) or adult (3 months old) mice for a duration of either 1 or 6 months, respectively. RESULTS Muscular Dnaja3 heterozygosity resulted in impaired locomotor activity (P < 0.05), reduced muscular cross-sectional area (P < 0.0001), and up-regulation of lipogenesis (ACC2) and pro-inflammation (STAT3) in skeletal muscles (P < 0.05). Primary myoblasts from the HSA-Dnaja3f/+ mice displayed impaired mitochondrial respiration (P < 0.01) and imbalanced mitochondrial ROS levels. A systemic proteomic analysis of the purified mitochondria from the primary myoblasts was conducted to show the abnormalities in mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism (P < 0.0001). At age of 13 to 14 months, the HSA-Dnaja3f/+ mice displayed increased body fat mass (P < 0.001), reduced fat-free mass (P < 0.01), and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance (P < 0.01). The short-term GMI treatment improved locomotor activity (P < 0.01) and down-regulated the protein levels of STAT3 (P < 0.05), ACC2, and mitochondrial respiratory complex III (UQCRC2) (P < 0.01) via DNAJA3 activation. The long-term GMI treatment ameliorated fat mass accumulation, glucose intolerance, and systemic inflammation (AST) (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle, while enhancing thermogenesis (UCP1) (P < 0.01) in eWAT. GMI treatment promoted myogenesis, enhanced oxygen consumption, and ameliorated STAT3 (P < 0.01) through DNAJA3 activation (P < 0.05) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Muscular Dnaja3 haploinsufficiency dysregulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism then leads to sarcopenic obesity. GMI emerges as a therapeutic regimen for sarcopenic obesity treatment through DNAJA3 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Fann
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Huai Teo
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Instrumentation Resource Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Fu Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
291
|
Mao HY, Shen BQ, Zhang JY, Zhang T, Cai W, Fan YF, Wang XM, Yu YX, Hu CH. Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI nomogram model to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia both showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:211. [PMID: 39134943 PMCID: PMC11320848 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop and validate a nomogram model based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). METHODS A total of 75 patients with 49 HCCs and 26 FNHs randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 52: 34 HCC; 18 FNH) and an internal validation cohort (n = 23: 15 HCC; 8 FNH). A total of 37 patients (n = 37: 25 HCC; 12 FNH) acted as an external test cohort. The clinical and imaging characteristics between HCC and FNH groups in the training cohort were compared. The statistically significant parameters were included into the FAE software, and a multivariate logistic regression classifier was used to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model, while the calibration and decision curves were used for model validation. Subanalysis was used to compare qualitative and quantitative characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between the HCC and FNH groups. RESULTS In the training cohort, gender, age, enhancement rate in the arterial phase (AP), focal defects in uptake were significant predictors for HCC showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP. In the training cohort, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram model were 0.989(95%CI: 0.967-1.000), 97.1% and 94.4%. In the internal validation cohort, the above three indicators were 0.917(95%CI: 0.782-1.000), 93.3% and 87.5%. In the external test cohort, the above three indicators were 0.960(95%CI: 0.905-1.000), 84.0% and 100.0%. The results of subanalysis showed that age was the independent predictor in the patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between HCC and FNH groups. CONCLUSIONS Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI nomogram model may be useful for discriminating HCC and FNH showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP before surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin-Qing Shen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fen Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xing Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Du D, Zhong F, Liu L. Enhancing recognition and interpretation of functional phenotypic sequences through fine-tuning pre-trained genomic models. J Transl Med 2024; 22:756. [PMID: 39135093 PMCID: PMC11318145 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decoding human genomic sequences requires comprehensive analysis of DNA sequence functionality. Through computational and experimental approaches, researchers have studied the genotype-phenotype relationship and generate important datasets that help unravel complicated genetic blueprints. Thus, the recently developed artificial intelligence methods can be used to interpret the functions of those DNA sequences. METHODS This study explores the use of deep learning, particularly pre-trained genomic models like DNA_bert_6 and human_gpt2-v1, in interpreting and representing human genome sequences. Initially, we meticulously constructed multiple datasets linking genotypes and phenotypes to fine-tune those models for precise DNA sequence classification. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of sequence length on classification results and analyze the impact of feature extraction in the hidden layers of our model using the HERV dataset. To enhance our understanding of phenotype-specific patterns recognized by the model, we perform enrichment, pathogenicity and conservation analyzes of specific motifs in the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequence with high average local representation weight (ALRW) scores. RESULTS We have constructed multiple genotype-phenotype datasets displaying commendable classification performance in comparison with random genomic sequences, particularly in the HERV dataset, which achieved binary and multi-classification accuracies and F1 values exceeding 0.935 and 0.888, respectively. Notably, the fine-tuning of the HERV dataset not only improved our ability to identify and distinguish diverse information types within DNA sequences but also successfully identified specific motifs associated with neurological disorders and cancers in regions with high ALRW scores. Subsequent analysis of these motifs shed light on the adaptive responses of species to environmental pressures and their co-evolution with pathogens. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of pre-trained genomic models in learning DNA sequence representations, particularly when utilizing the HERV dataset, and provide valuable insights for future research endeavors. This study represents an innovative strategy that combines pre-trained genomic model representations with classical methods for analyzing the functionality of genome sequences, thereby promoting cross-fertilization between genomics and artificial intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Intelligent Medicine Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
293
|
Wasuwanich P, Wen TS, Egerman RS, Karnsakul W. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus-Associated Hospitalisations in the United States With a Focus on Pregnancy: A Nationwide Population Study, 1998-2020. J Viral Hepat 2024. [PMID: 39129263 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is typically asymptomatic in developed countries but can be more severe in certain populations. We aim to describe the epidemiology of HEV-associated hospitalisations from 1998 to 2020 in the United States, investigate risk factors for inpatient mortality and describe outcomes in pregnant women. We utilised the National Inpatient Sample and extracted cases of HEV-associated hospitalisations using ICD-9/10 diagnostic codes. Demographic, clinical and pregnancy data were extracted and analysed by chi-square and logistic regression. We identified 3354 cases of HEV-associated hospitalisations; 1689 (50.4%) were female and 1425 (42.5%) were non-Hispanic White. The median age was 50 (IQR: 37-59) years. Hospitalisation rates for HEV ranged from 2.5 per 10,000,000 in 2008 to a peak of 9.6 per 10,000,000 people in the general U.S. population in 2004. The mortality rate was 5.2%. Age ≥ 40 years (OR: 7.73; 95% CI: 1.57-38.09; p = 0.012), HIV infection (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.26-16.97; p = 0.021), and coagulopathy (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 2.81-18.57; p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of mortality within the HEV cohort. There were 226 pregnant women with HEV. Rates of maternal death, stillbirth and preterm birth were similar between HEV and non-HEV pregnant cohorts. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C co-infection were significantly more common in the HEV pregnant cohort (p < 0.05). HEV-associated hospitalisations are uncommon in the United States, but likely underdiagnosed. Certain risk factors can be used to predict prognosis of these hospitalised patients. Pregnant women with HEV appear to have favourable maternal and fetal outcomes despite hepatitis B and C co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wasuwanich
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tony S Wen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert S Egerman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wikrom Karnsakul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
294
|
Woodcock CL, Alsaleem M, Toss MS, Lothion-Roy J, Harris AE, Jeyapalan JN, Blatt N, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR, Kariri YA, Madhusudan S, Green AR, Rutland CS, Fray RG, Rakha EA, Mongan NP. The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:343. [PMID: 39127986 PMCID: PMC11317455 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification and is involved in regulation of RNA and protein expression. AlkB family member 5 (ALKBH5) is a m6A demethylase. Given the important role of m6A in biological mechanisms, m6A and its regulators, have been implicated in many disease processes, including cancer. However, the contribution of ALKBH5 to invasive breast cancer (BC) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological value of ALKBH5 in BC. METHODS Publicly available data were used to investigate ALKBH5 mRNA alterations, prognostic significance, and association with clinical parameters at the genomic and transcriptomic level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways with low or high ALKBH5 expression were investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess ALKBH5 protein expression in a large well-characterised BC series (n = 1327) to determine the clinical significance and association of ALKBH5 expression. RESULTS Reduced ALKBH5 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis and unfavourable clinical parameters. ALKBH5 gene harboured few mutations and/or copy number alternations, but low ALKBH5 mRNA expression was seen. Patients with low ALKBH5 mRNA expression had a number of differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Low ALKBH5 protein expression was significantly associated with unfavourable clinical parameters associated with tumour progression including larger tumour size and worse Nottingham Prognostic Index group. CONCLUSION This study implicates ALKBH5 in BC and highlights the need for further functional studies to decipher the role of ALKBH5 and RNA m6A methylation in BC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne L Woodcock
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Unit of Scientific Research, Applied College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna E Harris
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Regina R Miftakhova
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Yousif A Kariri
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catrin S Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rupert G Fray
- School of Biosciences, Plant Science Division, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- Pathology Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
295
|
Antar SA, Ashour NA, Hamouda AO, Noreddin AM, Al-Karmalawy AA. Recent advances in COVID-19-induced liver injury: causes, diagnosis, and management. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7. [PMID: 39126569 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic, considerable advancements have been made in our understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 on the hepatic system. There is a broad range of clinical symptoms for COVID-19. It affects multiple systems and has a dominant lung illness depending on complications. The progression of COVID-19 in people with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) has also been studied in large multinational groups. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a higher risk of hepatic decompensation and death in patients with cirrhosis. In this review, the source, composition, mechanisms, transmission characteristics, clinical characteristics, therapy, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 were clarified and discussed, as well as the evolution and variations of the virus. This review briefly discusses the causes and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CLD. As part of COVID-19, In addition, we assess the potential of liver biochemistry as a diagnostic tool examine the data on direct viral infection of liver cells, and investigate potential pathways driving SARS-CoV-2-related liver damage. Finally, we explore how the pandemic has had a significant impact on patient behaviors and hepatology services, which may increase the prevalence and severity of liver disease in the future. The topics encompassed in this review encompass the intricate relationships between SARS-CoV-2, liver health, and broader health management strategies, providing valuable insights for both current clinical practice and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Antar
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Nada A Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amir O Hamouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Noreddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California -Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6Th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Lionis C, Papadakis S, Anastasaki M, Aligizakis E, Anastasiou F, Francque S, Gergianaki I, Mendive JM, Marketou M, Muris J, Manolakopoulos S, Papatheodoridis G, Samonakis D, Symvoulakis E, Tsiligianni I. Practice Recommendations for the Management of MASLD in Primary Care: Consensus Results. Diseases 2024; 12:180. [PMID: 39195179 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its high prevalence and impact on health, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is inadequately addressed in European primary care (PC), with a large proportion of cases going undiagnosed or diagnosed too late. A multi-country European research consortium led a project to design and evaluate a patient-centered, integrated model for MASLD screening, diagnosis, and linkage to specialty care for European PC settings. Based on the lessons from this project, the latest research evidence, and existing guidelines for the management of MASLD, we sought to develop a set of practice recommendations for screening, referral, and management of MASLD in PC. METHODS The Rand/UCLA modified Delphi panel method, with two rounds, was used to reach consensus on practice recommendations. The international panel consisted of experts from six countries, representing family medicine, gastroenterology, hepatology, cardiology, and public health. Initially, fifteen statements were drafted based on a synthesis of evidence from the literature and earlier findings from our consortium. Prior to the consensus meeting, the statements were rated by the experts in the first round. Then, in a hybrid meeting, the experts discussed findings from round one, adjusted the statements, and reassessed the updated recommendations in a second round. RESULTS In round one, there was already a high level of consensus on 10 out of 15 statements. After round 2, there were fourteen statements with a high degree of agreement (>90%). One statement was not endorsed. The approved recommendations addressed the following practice areas: risk screening and diagnosis, management of MASLD-lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatment of MASLD/MASH, pharmacological treatment for co-morbidity, integrated care, surgical management, and other referrals to specialists. CONCLUSIONS The final set of 14 recommendations focuses on increasing comprehensive care for MASLD in PC. The recommendations provide practical evidence-based guidance tailored to PC practitioners. We expect that these recommendations will contribute to the ongoing discussion on systematic approaches to tackling MASLD and supporting European PC providers by integrating the latest evidence into practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sophia Papadakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marilena Anastasaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Foteini Anastasiou
- 4th Local Health Team-Municipality Practice and Academic Unit of Heraklion, Crete, 71303 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Irini Gergianaki
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Juan Manuel Mendive
- La Mina Primary Health Care Centre, IDIAP Jordi Gol, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology, London E1 6HU, UK
| | - Maria Marketou
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jean Muris
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- Department of Gastroenterology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papatheodoridis
- Gastroenterology Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Samonakis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
297
|
Chen W, Zhao X, Huang Y, Lu K, Li Y, Li X, Ding H, Li X, Sun S. Solamargine acts as an antiviral by interacting to MZF1 and targeting the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus gene. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11668-11682. [PMID: 39133152 PMCID: PMC11346786 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a serious threat to global health and can lead to a variety of liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. At present, there are mainly two kinds of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B at home and abroad: interferon (IFN) and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs). In recent years, natural compounds have been considered an important source for the development of new anti-HBV drugs due to their complex structure, diverse components, high efficiency, and low toxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that Solamargine has significant anticancer activity, but the antiviral effect is rarely studied. This study aimed to verify the anti-HBV effect of Solamargine and to explore the specific mechanism. METHOD The relative expression of HBV pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) was detected by reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Northern blot and western blot were used to detect the relative expression of HBV pgRNA and target protein. PCR was used in the construction of HBV pg-promoter, ENII/BCP, and a series of gene deletion mutant fluorescent reporter vectors. The fluorescence relative expression of each mutant was detected by Renilla luciferase assay. RESULTS By binding to MZF1 (Myeloid zinc finger protein 1, MZF1), Solamargine inhibits HBV core promoter activity, reduces pregenomic RNA level, and inhibits HBV, achieving antiviral effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Master of Chinese medicine (studies and applications of internal Chinese medicines), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medicine College, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital Affiliated of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Suofeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| |
Collapse
|
298
|
Cao LQ, Xie Y, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Chen ZS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid metabolism: Novel targets and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217061. [PMID: 38876384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with high and continually rising mortality rates. Lipid metabolism holds a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HCC, in which abnormalities pertaining to the delicate balance of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage, predispose for the pathogenesis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease precursor to HCC. If caught early enough, HCC treatment may be curative. In later stages, treatment is only halting the inevitable outcome of death, boldly prompting for novel drug discovery to provide a fighting chance for this patient population. In this review, we begin by providing a summary of current local and systemic treatments against HCC. From such we discuss hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight novel targets that are ripe for anti-cancer drug discovery. Lastly, we provide a targeted summary of current known risk factors for HCC pathogenesis, providing key insights that will be essential for rationalizing future development of anti-HCC therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Cao
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yuhao Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518034, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
299
|
Besaratinia A, Tommasi S. The Untapped Biomarker Potential of MicroRNAs for Health Risk-Benefit Analysis of Vaping vs. Smoking. Cells 2024; 13:1330. [PMID: 39195220 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) among adolescent never-smokers and adult smokers seeking a less pernicious substitute for tobacco cigarettes, the long-term health impact of vaping is largely unknown. Like cigarette smoke, e-cig vapor contains harmful and potentially harmful compounds, although in fewer numbers and at substantially lower concentrations. Many of the same constituents of e-cig vapor and cigarette smoke induce epigenetic changes that can lead to the dysregulation of disease-related genes. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in health and disease states. Extensive research has shown that miRNAs play a prominent role in the regulation of genes involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-related diseases. However, the use of miRNAs for investigating the disease-causing potential of vaping has not been fully explored. This review article provides an overview of e-cigs as a highly consequential electronic nicotine delivery system, describes trends in e-cig use among adolescents and adults, and discusses the ongoing debate on the public health impact of vaping. Highlighting the significance of miRNAs in cell biology and disease, it summarizes the published and ongoing research on miRNAs in relation to gene regulation and disease pathogenesis in e-cig users and in vitro experimental settings. It identifies gaps in knowledge and priorities for future research while underscoring the need for empirical evidence that can inform the regulation of tobacco products to protect youth and promote public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stella Tommasi
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
300
|
Prajapati S, Flemming JP, Khan D, Han H, How B, Rozenberg SS, Feldman SR. The role of nemolizumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis for the adult population. Immunotherapy 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39119679 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2383554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) often requires long-term treatment that may be associated with adverse effects. This review aims to characterize nemolizumab as a treatment for AD in adults. A literature search was performed to assess nemolizumab's role in moderate-to-severe AD in adults. Currently, clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety profile and optimal dosing of nemolizumab for adults with moderate-to-severe AD. The most common adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, AD exacerbation and increased blood creatinine phosphokinase. Recent data from clinical trials suggest nemolizumab may be an acceptable treatment in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Prajapati
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | | | - Danyaal Khan
- Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Haowei Han
- St. John's Episcopal Hospital, Dermatology Department, Far Rockaway, NY 11691, USA
| | - Brian How
- St. John's Episcopal Hospital, Dermatology Department, Far Rockaway, NY 11691, USA
| | | | - Steven R Feldman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Dermatology Department, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| |
Collapse
|