301
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Czarnomysy R, Surażyński A, Popławska B, Rysiak E, Pawłowska N, Czajkowska A, Bielawski K, Bielawska A. Synergistic action of cisplatin and echistatin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:13-22. [PMID: 27995416 PMCID: PMC5306075 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine whether the use of cisplatin in the presence echistatin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells leads to a reduction of toxic effects associated with the use of cisplatin. The expression of β1-integrin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), signaling pathway protein expression: protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/ERK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and caspase-3 and -9 activity was measured after 24 h of incubation with tested compounds to explain detailed molecular mechanism of induction of apoptosis. The viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining assay was performed to detect the induction of apoptosis. Inhibition DNA biosynthesis was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The expression of of β1-integrin, IGF-IR, AKT, ERK1/ERK2, NFκB, caspase-3 and -9 was evaluated using Western blot. The results suggest that treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells for 24 h cisplatin plus echistatin severely inhibits cell growth and activates apoptosis by upregulation of caspase-3 and -9 expressions. The effect was stronger than treatment cisplatin and echistatin alone. In this study, we have found that cisplatin plus echistatin treatment decreases collagen biosynthesis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stronger than the individual compounds. The inhibition was found to be dependent on the β1-integrin and IGF receptor activation. A significant reduction of ERK1/ERK2, AKT expression in cancer cells after cisplatin plus echistatin treatment was also found. The cancer cells treated by echistatin, cisplatin, and in particular the combination of both compounds drastically increased expression of NFκB transcription factor. Our results suggest that combined therapy cisplatin plus echistatin is a possible way to improve selectiveness of cisplatin. This mechanism probably is due to downregulation of expression of β1-integrin and IGF-IR receptors, and the signaling pathway proteins induced by these receptors. Our results suggest that therapy cisplatin plus echistatin is a possible way to improve selectiveness of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Popławska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Edyta Rysiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawłowska
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Czajkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
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302
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Halasz M, Kholodenko BN, Kolch W, Santra T. Integrating network reconstruction with mechanistic modeling to predict cancer therapies. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra114. [PMID: 27879396 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aae0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction networks are often rewired in cancer cells. Identifying these alterations will enable more effective cancer treatment. We developed a computational framework that can identify, reconstruct, and mechanistically model these rewired networks from noisy and incomplete perturbation response data and then predict potential targets for intervention. As a proof of principle, we analyzed a perturbation data set targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathways in a panel of colorectal cancer cells. Our computational approach predicted cell line-specific network rewiring. In particular, feedback inhibition of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) by the kinase p70S6K was predicted to confer resistance to EGFR inhibition, suggesting that disrupting this feedback may restore sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells. We experimentally validated this prediction with colorectal cancer cell lines in culture and in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tapesh Santra
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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303
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Xu Y, Zhu JY, Lei ZM, Wan LJ, Zhu XW, Ye F, Tong YY. Anti-proliferative effects of paeonol on human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC-3. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:157-165. [PMID: 27834040 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol (Pae) is the main active ingredient from the root bark of Paeonia moutan and the grass of Radix Cynanchi Paniculati. Numerous reports indicate that Pae effectively inhibits several types of cancer lines. In this study, we report that Pae hinders prostate cancer growth both in vivo and in vitro. Human prostate cancer lines DU145 and PC-3 were cultured in the presence of Pae. The xenograft tumor in mice was established by subcutaneous injection of DU145 cells. Cell growth was measured by MTT, and the apoptosis was detected by the flow cytometry. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, and mTOR were tested by western blotting assay. DU145 and PC-3 showed remarkable sensitivity to Pae, and exposure to Pae induced dose-and time-dependent growth inhibitory responses. Moreover, treatment of Pae promoted apoptosis and enhanced activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in DU145. Further work demonstrated Pae reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in DU145. Interestingly, we observed that Pae significantly decreased phosphorylated status of Akt and mTOR, and inhibitory effects of Pae and PI3K/Akt inhibitor on DU145 proliferation were synergistic. Finally, we confirmed that oral administration of Pae to the DU145 tumor-bearing mice significantly lowered tumor cell proliferation and led to tumor regression. Pae possesses inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and the anti-proliferative effect may be closely related to its activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Zhang-Ming Lei
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Yan-Yue Tong
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China.
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304
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Burgess JT, Bolderson E, Adams MN, Baird AM, Zhang SD, Gately KA, Umezawa K, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. Activation and cleavage of SASH1 by caspase-3 mediates an apoptotic response. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2469. [PMID: 27831555 PMCID: PMC5260870 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated cellular process that functions to remove undesired cells from multicellular organisms. This pathway is often disrupted in cancer, providing tumours with a mechanism to avoid cell death and promote growth and survival. The putative tumour suppressor, SASH1 (SAM and SH3 domain containing protein 1), has been previously implicated in the regulation of apoptosis; however, the molecular role of SASH1 in this process is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SASH1 is cleaved by caspase-3 following UVC-induced apoptosis. Proteolysis of SASH1 enables the C-terminal fragment to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it associates with chromatin. The overexpression of wild-type SASH1 or a cleaved form of SASH1 representing amino acids 231-1247 leads to an increase in apoptosis. Conversely, mutation of the SASH1 cleavage site inhibits nuclear translocation and prevents the initiation of apoptosis. SASH1 cleavage is also required for the efficient translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus. The use of the NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ demonstrated that the effect of SASH1 on apoptosis was dependent on NF-κB, indicating a codependence between SASH1 and NF-κB for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Burgess
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mark N Adams
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK.,Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kathy A Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 6, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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305
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Jiang S, Wang Q, Feng M, Li J, Guan Z, An D, Dong M, Peng Y, Kuerban K, Ye L. C2-ceramide enhances sorafenib-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways in HCC cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1535-1546. [PMID: 27807662 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib as an effective multikinase inhibitor has been approved for the clinical treatment against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC treatment requires usually combined therapy because of its complex pathogenesis. Ceramide has been confirmed to induce remarkable apoptosis in human tumor cells and has attracted increasing attention in investigations on combination therapy. In this paper, the anti-HCC effect of sorafenib combined with C2-ceramide was investigated on cell vitality, apoptosis, and migration, and the underlying mechanism was examined using flow cytometry and western blot. Bel7402 cells coincubated with sorafenib and C2-ceramide exhibited lower cell vitality and more irregular cellular morphology and cell cycle arrest. Sorafenib plus C2-ceramide stimulated significantly the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial depolarization, which promoted caspases-dependent cell apoptosis as illustrated by related protein expression including caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochrome c. Combination treatment of sorafenib and C2-ceramide inhibited obviously cell growth and proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination treatment was proved to inhibit cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings indicated that the combination of C2-ceramide and sorafenib provided synergistic inhibitory effects on HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongbin Guan
- Shanghai Institute For Food And Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Duopeng An
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhe Peng
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kudelaidi Kuerban
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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306
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Gudkov AV, Komarova EA. p53 and the Carcinogenicity of Chronic Inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026161. [PMID: 27549311 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cancer predisposition factor. Constitutive activation of the inflammation-driving NF-κB pathway commonly observed in cancer or developed in normal tissues because of persistent infections or endogenous tissue irritating factors, including products of secretion by senescent cells accumulating with age, markedly represses p53 functions. In its turn, p53 acts as a suppressor of inflammation helping to keep it within safe limits. The antagonistic relationship between p53 and NF-κB is controlled by multiple mechanisms and reflects cardinal differences in organismal responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cell stresses driven by these two transcription factors, respectively. This provides an opportunity for developing drugs to treat diseases associated with inappropriate activity of either p53 or NF-κB through targeting the opposing pathway. Several drug candidates of this kind are currently in clinical testing. These include anticancer small molecules capable of simultaneous suppression of p53 and activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-activating biologics that counteract p53-mediated pathologies associated with systemic genotoxic stresses such as acute radiation syndrome and side effects of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Elena A Komarova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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307
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Nozhat Z, Hedayati M. PI3K/AKT Pathway and Its Mediators in Thyroid Carcinomas. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:13-26. [PMID: 26597586 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid malignancies are the most common endocrine system carcinomas, with four histopathological forms. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B/AKT (PI3K-PKB/AKT) pathway is one of the most critical molecular signaling pathways implicated in key cellular processes. Its continuous activation by several aberrant receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and genetic mutations in its downstream effectors result in high cell proliferation in a broad number of cancers, including thyroid carcinomas. In this review article, the role of different signaling pathways of PI3K/AKT in thyroid cancers, with the emphasis on the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), PI3K/AKT/forkhead box O (FOXO) and PI3K/AKT/phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) pathways, and various therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways have been summarized. In most of the in vitro studies, agents inhibiting mTOR in monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy for thyroid malignancies have been introduced as promising anticancer therapies. FOXOs and PTEN are two outstanding downstream targets of the PI3K/AKT pathway. At the present time, no study has been undertaken to consider thyroid cancer treatment via FOXOs and PTEN targeting. According to the critical role of these proteins in cell cycle arrest, it seems that a treatment strategy based on the combination of FOXOs or PTEN activity induction with PI3K/AKT downstream mediators (e.g., mTOR) inhibition will be beneficial and promising in thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nozhat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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308
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Yalamanchili N, Kriete A, Alfego D, Danowski KM, Kari C, Rodeck U. Distinct Cell Stress Responses Induced by ATP Restriction in Quiescent Human Fibroblasts. Front Genet 2016; 7:171. [PMID: 27757122 PMCID: PMC5047886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is the prevailing state of many cell types under homeostatic conditions. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how quiescent cells respond to energetic and metabolic challenges. To better understand compensatory responses of quiescent cells to metabolic stress, we established, in human primary dermal fibroblasts, an experimental ‘energy restriction’ model. Quiescence was achieved by short-term culture in serum-deprived media and ATP supply restricted using a combination of glucose transport inhibitors and mitochondrial uncouplers. In aggregate, these measures led to markedly reduced intracellular ATP levels while not compromising cell viability over the observation period of 48 h. Analysis of the transcription factor (TF) landscape induced by this treatment revealed alterations in several signal transduction nodes beyond the expected biosynthetic adaptations. These included increased abundance of NF-κB regulated TFs and altered TF subsets regulated by Akt and p53. The observed changes in gene regulation and corresponding alterations in key signaling nodes are likely to contribute to cell survival at intracellular ATP concentrations substantially below those achieved by growth factor deprivation alone. This experimental model provides a benchmark for the investigation of cell survival pathways and related molecular targets that are associated with restricted energy supply associated with biological aging and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Yalamanchili
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - David Alfego
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kelli M Danowski
- Department of Dermatology, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Csaba Kari
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA, USA
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309
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Scarzello AJ, Jiang Q, Back T, Dang H, Hodge D, Hanson C, Subleski J, Weiss JM, Stauffer JK, Chaisaingmongkol J, Rabibhadana S, Ruchirawat M, Ortaldo J, Wang XW, Norris PS, Ware CF, Wiltrout RH. LTβR signalling preferentially accelerates oncogenic AKT-initiated liver tumours. Gut 2016; 65. [PMID: 26206664 PMCID: PMC5036232 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contributions of inflammatory signalling and sequential oncogenic dysregulation driving liver cancer pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signalling is critically involved in hepatitis and liver tumorigenesis. Therefore, we explored the interdependence of inflammatory lymphotoxin signalling and specific oncogenic pathways in the progression of hepatic cancer. DESIGN Pathologically distinct liver tumours were initiated by hydrodynamic transfection of oncogenic V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 (AKT)/β-catenin or AKT/Notch expressing plasmids. To investigate the relationship of LTβR signalling and specific oncogenic pathways, LTβR antagonist (LTβR-Fc) or agonist (anti-LTβR) were administered post oncogene transfection. Initiated livers/tumours were investigated for changes in oncogene expression, tumour proliferation, progression, latency and pathology. Moreover, specific LTβR-mediated molecular events were investigated in human liver cancer cell lines and through transcriptional analyses of samples from patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). RESULTS AKT/β-catenin-transfected livers displayed increased expression of LTβ and LTβR, with antagonism of LTβR signalling reducing tumour progression and enhancing survival. Conversely, enforced LTβR-activation of AKT/β-catenin-initiated tumours induced robust increases in proliferation and progression of hepatic tumour phenotypes in an AKT-dependent manner. LTβR-activation also rapidly accelerated ICC progression initiated by AKT/Notch, but not Notch alone. Moreover, LTβR-accelerated development coincides with increases of Notch, Hes1, c-MYC, pAKT and β-catenin. We further demonstrate LTβR signalling in human liver cancer cell lines to be a regulator of Notch, pAKTser473 and β-catenin. Transcriptome analysis of samples from patients with ICC links increased LTβR network expression with poor patient survival, increased Notch1 expression and Notch and AKT/PI3K signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link LTβR and oncogenic AKT signalling in the development of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Scarzello
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Back
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Hodge
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte Hanson
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Subleski
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy K Stauffer
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Ortaldo
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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310
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Bayati S, Bashash D, Ahmadian S, Safaroghli-Azar A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Inhibition of tachykinin NK 1 receptor using aprepitant induces apoptotic cell death and G1 arrest through Akt/p53 axis in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:274-283. [PMID: 27609608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing number of genetic and cancer biology studies indicated a prominent role for tachykinin NK1 receptor (NK1R) in cancer cell growth and survival. Considering the fact that neoplastic lymphoid precursors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carry a three- to four-fold NK1R expression as compared to normal lymphocytes, using NK1R antagonist seems to be noteworthy in the treatment of ALL patients. In this study, we found that inhibition of NK1R with aprepitant, a selective high-affinity antagonist of the human NK1R, exerts cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects against pre-B ALL-derived Nalm-6 cells either as single drug or in combination with doxorubicin. Our data showed that treatment of the cells with the inhibitor resulted in apoptotic cell death, at least partly, through abrogation of PI3K/Akt pathway, as revealed by the reduction of phospho/total Akt ratio. In agreement with the inhibitory effect on Akt, we also found that aprepitant increased the expression level of p21 and p27, which in turn leads to the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. Overall, this study recommends mechanistic pathways by which inhibition of NK1R can augment apoptotic cell death through a plausible p53-dependent pathway rather than NF-κB-depended mechanism in pre-B ALL cells; however, further studies are needed to better characterize the application of NK1R inhibition in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bayati
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran; Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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311
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Mantawy EM, Said RS, Helwa R. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib malate, induces cognitive impairment in vivo via dysregulating VEGFR signaling, apoptotic and autophagic machineries. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:129-41. [PMID: 27288242 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemobrain refers to a cluster of cognitive deficits which affects almost 4-75% of chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. Sunitinib, an FDA-approved multityrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently used in treating different types of tumors. Despite being regarded as targeted therapy which blunts sustained angiogenesis in cancer milieu through inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling, the latter has a cardinal role in cognition. Recent clinical reports warned that sunitinib adversely affected memory processing in cancer patients. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated yet. Hence, we explored the impact of a clinically relevant dose of sunitinib on memory processing in vivo and questioned the implication of VEGFR2 signaling, autophagy and apoptosis. Strikingly, sunitinib preferentially impaired spatial cognition as evidenced in Morris water maze, T-maze and passive avoidance task. Consistently, sunitinib degenerated cortical and hippocampal neurons as assessed by histopathological examination and toluidine blue staining. Ultrastructural examination also depicted chromatin condensation, mitochondrial damage and accumulated autophagosomes. Digging deeper, central VEGF/VEGFR2/mTOR signaling was robustly suppressed. Besides, sunitinib boosted cortical and hippocampal p53 and executioner caspase-3 and decreased nuclear factor kappa B and Bcl-2 levels promoting apoptotic cell death. It also profoundly impeded neuronal autophagic flux as shown by decreased beclin-1 and Atg5 and increased p62/SQTSM1 levels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide molecular insights into sunitinib-induced chemofog where impeded VEGFR2 signaling and autophagic and hyperactivated apoptotic machineries act in neurodegenerative concert. Importantly, our findings shed light on potential therapeutic strategies to be exploited in the management of sunitinib-induced chemobrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham Soliman Said
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Helwa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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312
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Masui K, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS. mTORC2 and Metabolic Reprogramming in GBM: at the Interface of Genetics and Environment. Brain Pathol 2016; 25:755-9. [PMID: 26526943 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a central hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to obtain the macromolecular precursors and energy needed for rapid tumor growth. Understanding how oncogenes coordinate altered signaling with metabolic reprogramming and how cancer cells harness cellular metabolism and its metabolites for their survival may yield new insights into tumor pathogenesis. Here, we review the recently identified central regulatory role for mTORC2, a downstream effector of many cancer-causing mutations, in metabolic reprogramming and cancer drug resistance in glioblastoma. We further consider the emerging concept that mTORC2 may connect genetics with environmental alterations in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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313
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Wang X, Li X, Li C, He C, Ren B, Deng Q, Gao W, Wang B. Aurora-A modulates MMP-2 expression via AKT/NF-κB pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:520-7. [PMID: 27125974 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies. It is necessary to identify new markers for predicting tumor progression and therapeutic molecular targets. It has been reported that overexpressions of Aurora-A and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) may promote the malignant development of tumor. However, the relationship between Aurora-A and MMP-2 expression in tumor patients has not been investigated. In addition, the underlying mechanisms that Aurora-A regulates MMP-2 expression are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that Aurora-A and MMP-2 were overexpressed in ESCC tissues compared with paired normal adjacent tissues (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of Aurora-A was associated with the lymph node metastasis of ESCC (P = 0.01). Significantly, Aurora-A protein expression was positively correlated with MMP-2 protein expression in ESCC tissues (r = 0.66, P < 0.0001) as well as in ESCC cell lines. The level of Aurora-A expression was also positively correlated with the invasion capability of ESCC cells. Furthermore, Aurora-A overexpression significantly increased ESCC cell invasion by the upregulation of MMP-2 expression. In addition, Aurora-A overexpression promoted nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, and Aurora-A-mediated MMP-2 upregulation was abrogated by NF-κB inhibitor. Further analysis showed that activation of NF-κB was severely attenuated by AKT inhibitor in cells overexpressing Aurora-A. Taken together, these data indicate that Aurora-A overexpression upregulates MMP-2 expression through activating AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in ESCC cells. These findings reveal that Aurora-A may be used as an important indicator for the judgment of malignant behavior of ESCC, and may be an attractive target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, No. 1 Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan 030001, China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Benhong Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, No. 1 Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, No. 1 Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan 030001, China
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314
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Miralem T, Lerner-Marmarosh N, Gibbs PEM, Jenkins JL, Heimiller C, Maines MD. Interaction of human biliverdin reductase with Akt/protein kinase B and phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1 regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity: a novel mechanism of Akt activation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2926-44. [PMID: 27166089 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase A (BVR) and Akt isozymes have overlapping pleiotropic functions in the insulin/PI3K/MAPK pathway. Human BVR (hBVR) also reduces the hemeoxygenase activity product biliverdin to bilirubin and is directly activated by insulin receptor kinase (IRK). Akt isoenzymes (Akt1-3) are downstream of IRK and are activated by phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylating T(308) before S(473) autophosphorylation. Akt (RxRxxSF) and PDK1 (RFxFPxFS) binding motifs are present in hBVR. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) isoforms α/β by Akts inhibits their activity; nonphosphorylated GSK3β inhibits activation of various genes. We examined the role of hBVR in PDK1/Akt1/GSK3 signaling and Akt1 in hBVR phosphorylation. hBVR activates phosphorylation of Akt1 at S(473) independent of hBVR's kinase competency. hBVR and Akt1 coimmunoprecipitated, and in-cell Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and glutathione S-transferase pulldown analyses identified Akt1 pleckstrin homology domain as the interactive domain. hBVR activates phosphorylation of Akt1 at S(473) independent of hBVR's kinase competency. Site-directed mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and kinetic analyses identified S(230) in hBVR (225)RNRYLSF sequence as the Akt1 target. Underlined amino acids are the essential residues of the signaling motifs. In cells, hBVR-activated Akt1 increased both GSK3α/β and forkhead box of the O class transcription class 3 (FoxO3) phosphorylation and inhibited total GSK3 activity; depletion of hBVR released inhibition and stimulated glucose uptake. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PDK1 and hBVR interact through hBVR's PDK1 binding (161)RFGFPAFS motif and formation of the PDK1/hBVR/Akt1 complex. sihBVR blocked complex formation. Findings identify hBVR as a previously unknown coactivator of Akt1 and as a key mediator of Akt1/GSK3 pathway, as well as define a key role for hBVR in Akt1 activation by PDK1.-Miralem, T., Lerner-Marmarosh, N., Gibbs, P. E. M., Jenkins, J. L., Heimiller, C., Maines, M. D. Interaction of human biliverdin reductase with Akt/protein kinase B and phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase 1 regulates glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity: a novel mechanism of Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Miralem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Lerner-Marmarosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Peter E M Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jermaine L Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chelsea Heimiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mahin D Maines
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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315
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Huang Q, Zhan L, Cao H, Li J, Lyu Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Ji L, Ren T, An J, Liu B, Nie Y, Xing J. Increased mitochondrial fission promotes autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival through the ROS-modulated coordinated regulation of the NFKB and TP53 pathways. Autophagy 2016; 12:999-1014. [PMID: 27124102 PMCID: PMC4922447 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1166318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is dynamically remodeled by fusion and fission in cells, and dysregulation of this process is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial dynamics influence cancer cell survival is considerably less clear, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we systematically investigated the alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and its functional role in the regulation of autophagy and HCC cell survival. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application were explored in depth. Mitochondrial fission was frequently upregulated in HCC tissues mainly due to an elevated expression ratio of DNM1L to MFN1, which significantly contributed to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Increased mitochondrial fission by forced expression of DNM1L or knockdown of MFN1 promoted the survival of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo mainly by facilitating autophagy and inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. We further demonstrated that the survival-promoting role of increased mitochondrial fission was mediated via elevated ROS production and subsequent activation of AKT, which facilitated MDM2-mediated TP53 degradation, and NFKBIA- and IKK-mediated transcriptional activity of NFKB in HCC cells. Also, a crosstalk between TP53 and NFKB pathways was involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission-mediated cell survival. Moreover, treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 significantly suppressed tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft nude mice model. Our findings demonstrate that increased mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in regulation of HCC cell survival, which provides a strong evidence for this process as drug target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lei Zhan
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jibin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yinghua Lyu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xu Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lele Ji
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Tingting Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiaze An
- c Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Bingrong Liu
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- d State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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316
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Peek GW, Tollefsbol TO. Down-regulation of hTERT and Cyclin D1 transcription via PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways in MCF-7 Cancer cells with PX-866 and Raloxifene. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:95-102. [PMID: 27017931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic and limiting component of telomerase and also a transcription factor. It is critical to the integrity of the ends of linear chromosomes and to the regulation, extent and rate of cell cycle progression in multicellular eukaryotes. The level of hTERT expression is essential to a wide range of bodily functions and to avoidance of disease conditions, such as cancer, that are mediated in part by aberrant level and regulation of cell cycle proliferation. Value of a gene in regulation depends on its ability to both receive input from multiple sources and transmit signals to multiple effectors. The expression of hTERT and the progression of the cell cycle have been shown to be regulated by an extensive network of gene products and signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways. The PI3K inhibitor PX-866 and the competitive estrogen receptor ligand raloxifene have been shown to modify progression of those pathways and, in combination, to decrease proliferation of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that combinations of modulators of those pathways decreased not only hTERT transcription but also transcription of additional essential cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin D1. By evaluating known expression profile signatures for TGF-β pathway diversions, we confirmed additional genes such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB EGF) by which those pathways and their perturbations may also modify cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Peek
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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317
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Kim Y, Jeong EJ, Han Lee IS, Kim MY, Cho JY. (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone displays suppression of inflammatory responses via inhibition of Src, Syk, and NF-κB. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 20:91-9. [PMID: 26807028 PMCID: PMC4722197 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (MPP) is an aldol condensation product resulting from pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde and m- and p- substituted acetophenones. However, its biological activity has not yet been evaluated. Since it has been reported that some propenone-type compounds display anti-inflammatory activity, we investigated whether MPP could negatively modulate inflammatory responses. To do this, we employed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and examined the inhibitory levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and transcriptional activation, as well as the target proteins involved in the inflammatory signaling cascade. Interestingly, MPP was found to reduce the production of NO in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, without causing cytotoxicity. Moreover, this compound suppressed the mRNA levels of inflammatory genes, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Using luciferase reporter gene assays performed in HEK293 cells and immunoblotting analysis with nuclear protein fractions, we determined that MPP reduced the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Furthermore, the activation of a series of upstream signals for NF-κB activation, composed of Src, Syk, Akt, and IκBα, were also blocked by this compound. It was confirmed that MPP was able to suppress autophosphorylation of overexpressed Src and Syk in HEK293 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that MPP can function as an anti-inflammatory drug with NF-κB inhibitory properties via the suppression of Src and Syk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeong
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - In-Sook Han Lee
- Department of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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318
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Singh SS, Yap WN, Arfuso F, Kar S, Wang C, Cai W, Dharmarajan AM, Sethi G, Kumar AP. Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in gastric carcinoma: A reality for personalized medicine? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12261-12273. [PMID: 26604635 PMCID: PMC4649111 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer (GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3CA gene or loss of function of PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein, to name a few; both playing a crucial role in regulating this pathway. These aberrations result in dysregulation of this pathway eventually leading to gastric oncogenesis, hence, there is a need for targeted therapy for more effective anticancer treatment. Several inhibitors are currently in either preclinical or clinical stages for treatment of solid tumors like GC. With so many inhibitors under development, further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Herein, we review the common dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in GC and the various types of single or dual pathway inhibitors under development that might have a superior role in GC treatment. We also summarize the recent developments in identification of predictive biomarkers and propose use of predictive biomarkers to facilitate more personalized cancer therapy with effective PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition.
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319
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Tang XL, Liu JX, Dong W, Li P, Li L, Hou JC, Zheng YQ, Lin CR, Ren JG. Protective effect of kaempferol on LPS plus ATP-induced inflammatory response in cardiac fibroblasts. Inflammation 2015; 38:94-101. [PMID: 25189464 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibroblasts play a crucial role in cardiac inflammation and might become a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. Kaempferol, a flavonoid commonly existing in many edible fruits, vegetables, and Chinese herbs, is well known to possess anti-inflammatory property and thus has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. To date, the effect of kaempferol on cardiac fibroblasts inflammation is unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of kaempferol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ATP-induced cardiac fibroblasts and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that kaempferol at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL significantly suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and inhibited activation of NF-κB and Akt in LPS plus ATP-induced cardiac fibroblasts. These findings suggest that kaempferol attenuates cardiac fibroblast inflammation through suppression of activation of NF-κB and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lan Tang
- Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
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320
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Saeed M, Jacob S, Sandjo LP, Sugimoto Y, Khalid HE, Opatz T, Thines E, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones Neoambrosin and Damsin from Ambrosia maritima Against Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:267. [PMID: 26617519 PMCID: PMC4637410 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a prevailing phenomenon leading to chemotherapy treatment failure in cancer patients. In the current study two known cytotoxic pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones; neoambrosin (1) and damsin (2) that circumvent MDR were identified. The two cytotoxic compounds were isolated using column chromatography, characterized using 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and compared with literature values. The isolated compounds were investigated for their cytotoxic potential using resazurin assays and thereafter confirmed with immunoblotting and in silico studies. MDR cells overexpressing ABC transporters (P-glycoprotein, BCRP, ABCB5) did not confer cross-resistance toward (1) and (2), indicating that these compounds are not appropriate substrates for any of the three ABC transporters analyzed. Resistance mechanisms investigated also included; the loss of the functions of the TP53 and the mutated EGFR. The HCT116 p53-/- cells were sensitive to 1 but resistant to 2. It was interesting to note that resistant cells transfected with oncogenic ΔEGFR exhibited hypersensitivity CS toward (1) and (2) (degrees of resistances were 0.18 and 0.15 for (1) and (2), respectively). Immunoblotting and in silico analyses revealed that 1 and 2 silenced c-Src kinase activity. It was hypothesized that inhibition of c-Src kinase activity may explain CS in EGFR-transfected cells. In conclusion, the significant cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 against different drug-resistant tumor cell lines indicate that they may be promising candidates to treat refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, Brazil ; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hassan E Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung Kaiserslautern, Germany ; Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
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321
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Filamin A Expression Negatively Regulates Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced NF-κB Activation in Melanoma Cells by Inhibition of Akt Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:320-9. [PMID: 26552704 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00554-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many processes in inflammation and cancer. S1P is a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1 to -5, and also has important intracellular actions. Previously, we showed that intracellular S1P is involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced NF-κB activation in melanoma cell lines that express filamin A (FLNA). Here, we show that extracellular S1P activates NF-κB only in melanoma cells that lack FLNA. In these cells, S1P, but not TNF, promotes IκB kinase (IKK) and p65 phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB reporter activity. NF-κB activation induced by S1P was mediated via S1PR1 and S1PR2. Exogenous S1P enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), and its downregulation reduced S1P-induced the phosphorylation of IKK and p65. In addition, silencing of Bcl10 also inhibited S1P-induced IKK phosphorylation. Surprisingly, S1P reduced Akt activation in melanoma cells that express FLNA, whereas in the absence of FLNA, high phosphorylation levels of Akt were maintained, enabling S1P-mediated NF-κB signaling. In accord, inhibition of Akt suppressed S1P-mediated IKK and p65 phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Hence, these results support a negative role of FLNA in S1P-mediated NF-κB activation in melanoma cells through modulation of Akt.
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322
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Kishore T KK, Ganugula R, Gade DR, Reddy GB, Nagini S. Gedunin abrogates aldose reductase, PI3K/Akt/mToR, and NF-κB signaling pathways to inhibit angiogenesis in a hamster model of oral carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2083-93. [PMID: 26342697 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways plays a central role in tumor development and progression. The aim of this present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effects of the neem limonoid gedunin in the hamster model of oral cancer based on its ability to modulate aldose reductase (AR), phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways to block angiogenesis. Administration of gedunin suppressed the development of HBP carcinomas by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways through the inactivation of Akt and inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), respectively. Immunoblot and molecular docking interactions revealed that inhibition of these signaling pathways may be mediated via inactivation of AR by gedunin. Gedunin blocked angiogenesis by downregulating the expression of miR-21 and the pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α). In conclusion, the results of the present study provide compelling evidence that gedunin prevents progression of hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinomas via inhibition of the kinases Akt, IKK, and AR, and the oncogenic transcription factors NF-κB and HIF-1α to block angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Kiran Kishore T
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghu Ganugula
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Deepak Reddy Gade
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, India
| | | | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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323
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Tang Y, Bhandaru M, Cheng Y, Lu J, Li G, Ong CJ. The role of the metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 in melanoma angiogenesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015. [PMID: 26199094 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspan protein KAI1 (CD82) has been previously shown to have important roles in cell migration, invasion, and melanoma prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of KAI1 regarding melanoma angiogenesis. KAI1 overexpression strongly suppressed the growth of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells and their tubular structure formation in vitro. Also, KAI1 was able to inhibit both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and VEGF at mRNA and protein levels. Using nude mice in the in vivo study, we showed that KAI1, through the regulation of ING4, inhibited blood vessel formation in matrigel plugs along with the downregulation of IL-6 and VEGF, and the recruitment of CD31-positive cells. Finally, we found that KAI1 was able to suppress the activity of a serine/threonine kinase Akt by suppressing Akt phosphorylation (Ser473). Taken together, our results suggested that KAI1 was able to suppress melanoma angiogenesis by downregulating IL-6 and VEGF expression, and the restoration of KAI1 functionality offered a new approach in human melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Madhuri Bhandaru
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yabin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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324
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You DJ, Park CR, Furlong M, Koo O, Lee C, Ahn C, Seong JY, Hwang JI. Dimer of arfaptin 2 regulates NF-κB signaling by interacting with IKKβ/NEMO and inhibiting IKKβ kinase activity. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2173-81. [PMID: 26296658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IκB kinases (IKKs) are a therapeutic target due to their crucial roles in various biological processes, including the immune response, the stress response, and tumor development. IKKs integrate various upstream signals that activate NF-κB by phosphorylating IκB and also regulate many proteins related to cell growth and metabolism. Although they function as a heteromeric complex comprised of kinase subunits and an adaptor, these kinases produce distinct cellular responses by phosphorylating different target molecules, suggesting that they may also be regulated in a subtype-specific manner. In this study, arfaptin 2 was identified as an IKKβ-specific binding partner. Interestingly, arfaptin 2 also interacted with NEMO. Domain mapping studies revealed that the C-terminal region, including the IKKβ HLH domain and the first coiled-coil NEMO region were respectively required for interactions with the arfaptin 2 N-terminal flexible region. Overexpression of arfaptin 2 inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, whereas downregulation of arfaptin 2 by small interfering RNA enhanced NF-κB activity. Dimerization of arfaptin 2 through the Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs domain may be essential to inhibit activation of NF-κB through multimodal interactions with IKKβs or IKKβ/NEMO, as ectopic expression of the arfaptin 2 fragment responsible for IKK interactions did not change TNFα-stimulated NF-κB activation. These data indicate that arfaptin 2 is the first molecule to regulate NF-κB signaling by interacting with the functional IKK complex but not by direct inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo You
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Rong Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Furlong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjae Koo
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 433-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea.
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325
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Phoon YP, Cheung AKL, Cheung FMF, Chan KF, Wong S, Wong BWY, Tung SY, Yau CC, Ng WT, Lung ML. IKBB tumor suppressive role in nasopharyngeal carcinomaviaNF-κB-mediated signalling. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:160-70. [PMID: 26227166 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Florence Man Fung Cheung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology; HKU-Shenzhen Hospital; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Shun Wong
- Department of Pathology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Bonnie Wing Yan Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Yuk Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Tuen Mun Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Chun Chung Yau
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Oncology; Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology; University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
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326
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Sliwinska A, Rogalska A, Marczak A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J. Metformin, but not sitagliptin, enhances WP 631-induced apoptotic HepG2 cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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327
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The virus-induced protein APOBEC3G inhibits anoikis by activation of Akt kinase in pancreatic cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12230. [PMID: 26178819 PMCID: PMC4503957 DOI: 10.1038/srep12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the more common cancers with a poor prognosis. Some varieties of cancer are related to virus infection. As a virus-induced protein, APOBEC3G (A3G) presents extensive anti-virus ability, but the role of A3G in pancreatic cancer was previously unknown. The expression of A3G in pancreatic cancer was examined using TaqMan real-time qPCR, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. Subsequently, the role of A3G in pancreatic cancer was evaluated in vivo using the tumor xenograft model. Anoikis was detected by colony formation assay and flow cytometry in vitro. The Akt kinase activity and target protein PTEN were examined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot. The virus-induced protein A3G was significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, and the up-regulation of A3G promoted xenograft tumor formation. A3G inactivated PTEN by binding to the C2 tensin-type and PDZ domains, thereby inducing anoikis resistance through Akt activation. Our results demonstrate that the up-regulation of A3G in pancreatic cancer cells induces anoikis resistance, and they provide novel insight into the mechanism by which A3G affects the malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer cells.
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328
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Aune SE, Herr DJ, Kutz CJ, Menick DR. Histone Deacetylases Exert Class-Specific Roles in Conditioning the Brain and Heart Against Acute Ischemic Injury. Front Neurol 2015; 6:145. [PMID: 26175715 PMCID: PMC4485035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury comprises a significant portion of morbidity and mortality from heart and brain diseases worldwide. This enduring clinical problem has inspired myriad reports in the scientific literature of experimental interventions seeking to elucidate the pathology of IR injury. Elective cardiac surgery presents perhaps the most viable scenario for protecting the heart and brain from IR injury due to the opportunity to condition the organs prior to insult. The physiological parameters for the preconditioning of vital organs prior to insult through mechanical and pharmacological maneuvers have been heavily examined. These investigations have revealed new insights into how preconditioning alters cellular responses to IR injury. However, the promise of preconditioning remains unfulfilled at the clinical level, and research seeking to implicate cell signals essential to this protection continues. Recent discoveries in molecular biology have revealed that gene expression can be controlled through posttranslational modifications, without altering the chemical structure of the genetic code. In this scenario, gene expression is repressed by enzymes that cause chromatin compaction through catalytic removal of acetyl moieties from lysine residues on histones. These enzymes, called histone deacetylases (HDACs), can be inhibited pharmacologically, leading to the de-repression of protective genes. The discovery that HDACs can also alter the function of non-histone proteins through posttranslational deacetylation has expanded the potential impact of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of human disease. HDAC inhibitors have been applied in a very small number of experimental models of IR. However, the scientific literature contains an increasing number of reports demonstrating that HDACs converge on preconditioning signals in the cell. This review will describe the influence of HDACs on major preconditioning signaling pathways in the heart and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre E Aune
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Daniel J Herr
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Craig J Kutz
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
| | - Donald R Menick
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC , USA
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329
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Xue G, Zippelius A, Wicki A, Mandala M, Tang F, Massi D, Hemmings BA. Integrated Akt/PKB Signaling in Immunomodulation and Its Potential Role in Cancer Immunotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv171. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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330
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TAN TING, WANG LIE, WANG BING. Collagen and prostaglandin E2 regulate aromatase expression through the PI3K/AKT/IKK and the MAP kinase pathways in adipose stromal cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4766-4772. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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331
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Dilwali S, Briët MC, Kao SY, Fujita T, Landegger LD, Platt MP, Stankovic KM. Preclinical validation of anti-nuclear factor-kappa B therapy to inhibit human vestibular schwannoma growth. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1359-70. [PMID: 25891780 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs), the most common tumors of the cerebellopontine angle, arise from Schwann cells lining the vestibular nerve. Pharmacotherapies against VS are almost non-existent. Although the therapeutic inhibition of inflammatory modulators has been established for other neoplasms, it has not been explored in VS. A bioinformatic network analysis of all genes reported to be differentially expressed in human VS revealed a pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as a central molecule in VS pathobiology. Assessed at the transcriptional and translational level, canonical NF-κB complex was aberrantly activated in human VS and derived VS cultures in comparison to control nerves and Schwann cells, respectively. Cultured primary VS cells and VS-derived human cell line HEI-193 were treated with specific NF-κB siRNAs, experimental NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 (BAY11) and clinically relevant NF-κB inhibitor curcumin. Healthy human control Schwann cells from the great auricular nerve were also treated with BAY11 and curcumin to assess toxicity. All three treatments significantly reduced proliferation in primary VS cultures and HEI-193 cells, with siRNA, 5 μM BAY11 and 50 μM curcumin reducing average proliferation (±standard error of mean) to 62.33% ± 10.59%, 14.3 ± 9.7%, and 23.0 ± 20.9% of control primary VS cells, respectively. These treatments also induced substantial cell death. Curcumin, unlike BAY11, also affected primary Schwann cells. This work highlights NF-κB as a key modulator in VS cell proliferation and survival and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of directly targeting NF-κB in VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Dilwali
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Martijn C Briët
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Shyan-Yuan Kao
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lukas D Landegger
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Michael P Platt
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University, 72 E Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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332
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Zhou J, Ching YQ, Chng WJ. Aberrant nuclear factor-kappa B activity in acute myeloid leukemia: from molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:5490-500. [PMID: 25823927 PMCID: PMC4467382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been improved significantly over the last decade. Molecularly targeted agents hold promise to change the therapeutic landscape in AML. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) controls a plethora of biological process through switching on and off its long list of target genes. In AML, constitutive NF-κB has been detected in 40% of cases and its aberrant activity enable leukemia cells to evade apoptosis and stimulate proliferation. These facts suggest that NF-κB signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the development of AML and it represents an attractive target for the intervention of AML. This review summarizes our current knowledge of NF-κB signaling transduction including canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Then we specifically highlight what factors contribute to the aberrant activation of NF-κB activity in AML, followed by an overview of 8 important clinical trials of the first FDA approved proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib (Velcade), which is a NF-κB inhibitor too, in combination with other therapeutic agents in patients with AML. Finally, this review discusses the future directions of NF-κB inhibitor in treatment of AML, especially in targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Qing Ching
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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333
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Wu SH, Bi JF, Cloughesy T, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS. Emerging function of mTORC2 as a core regulator in glioblastoma: metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 11:255-63. [PMID: 25610711 PMCID: PMC4296088 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Genomic analyses define the molecular architecture of GBM and highlight a central function for mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. mTOR kinase exists in two multi-protein complexes, namely, mTORC1 and mTORC2. These complexes differ in terms of function, regulation and rapamycin sensitivity. mTORC1 is well established as a cancer drug target, whereas the functions of mTORC2 in cancer, including GBM, remains poorly understood. This study reviews the recent findings that demonstrate a central function of mTORC2 in regulating tumor growth, metabolic reprogramming, and targeted therapy resistance in GBM, which makes mTORC2 as a critical GBM drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Han Wu
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; 2 Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun-Feng Bi
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; 2 Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; 2 Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; 2 Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ; 2 Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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334
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Li J, Chen Y, Wan J, Liu X, Yu C, Li W. ABT-263 enhances sorafenib-induced apoptosis associated with Akt activity and the expression of Bax and p21((CIP1/WAF1)) in human cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3182-95. [PMID: 24571452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sorafenib, a potent inhibitor that targets several kinases associated with tumourigenesis and cell survival, has been approved for clinical treatment as a single agent. However, combining sorafenib with other agents improves its anti-tumour efficacy in various preclinical tumour models. ABT-263, a second-generation BH3 mimic, binds to the anti-apoptotic family members Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, and has been demonstrated to enhance TNFSF10 (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Hence, we investigated the effects of ABT-263 treatment combined with sorafenib. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of ABT-263 combined with sorafenib were investigated in vitro, on cell viability, clone formation and apoptosis, and the mechanism examined using western blot and flow cytometry. This combination was also evaluated in vivo, in a mouse xenograft model; tumour growth, volume and weights were measured and a TUNEL assay performed. KEY RESULTS ABT-263 enhanced sorafenib-induced apoptosis while sparing non-tumourigenic cells. Although ABT-263 plus sorafenib significantly stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species production and subsequent mitochondrial depolarization, this was not sufficient to trigger cell apoptosis. ABT-263 plus sorafenib significantly decreased Akt activity, which was, at least partly, involved in its effect on apoptosis. Bax and p21 (CIP1/WAF1) were shown to play a critical role in ABT-263 plus sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Combining sorafenib with ABT-263 dramatically increased its efficacy in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The anti-tumour activity of ABT-263 plus sorafenib may involve the induction of intrinsic cell apoptosis via inhibition of Akt, and reduced Bax and p21 expression. Our findings offer a novel effective therapeutic strategy for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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335
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Ersahin T, Tuncbag N, Cetin-Atalay R. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR interactive pathway. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1946-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is hyperactivated or altered in many cancer types and regulates a broad range of cellular processes including survival, proliferation, growth, metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Ersahin
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory
- Graduate School of Informatics
- ODTU
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory
- Graduate School of Informatics
- ODTU
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory
- Graduate School of Informatics
- ODTU
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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336
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Biswas NK, Das S, Maitra A, Sarin R, Majumder PP. Somatic mutations in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway genes enhance oral cancer post-treatment disease-free survival. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5835. [PMID: 25517499 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid metabolism (AAM) pathway promotes tumour progression. Chemical inhibitors of AAM pathway prolong post-treatment survival of cancer patients. Here we test whether non-synonymous somatic mutations in genes of this pathway, acting as natural inhibitors, increase post-treatment survival. We identify loss-of-function somatic mutations in 15 (18%) of 84 treatment-naïve oral cancer patients by whole-exome sequencing, which we map to genes of AAM pathway. Patients (n = 53) who survived ≥ 12 months after surgery without recurrence have significantly (P = 0.007) higher proportion (26% versus 3%) of mutations than those who did not (n = 31). Patients with mutations have a significantly (P = 0.003) longer median disease-free survival (24 months) than those without (13 months). Compared with the presence of a mutation, absence of any mutation increases the hazard ratio for death (11.3) significantly (P = 0.018). The inferences are strengthened when we pool our data with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. In patients with AAM pathway mutations, some downstream pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt pathway, are downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhan K Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Subrata Das
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Arindam Maitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (2nd Floor), Kalyani 741251, India
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337
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Liu J, Ma DWL. The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:5184-223. [PMID: 25412153 PMCID: PMC4245586 DOI: 10.3390/nu6115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Dietary fatty acids, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are believed to play a role in reducing BC risk. Evidence has shown that fish consumption or intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis. The evidence regarding α-linolenic acid (ALA), however, remains equivocal. It is essential to clarify the relation between ALA and cancer since ALA is the principal source of n-3 PUFA in the Western diet and the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is not efficient in humans. In addition, the specific anticancer roles of individual n-3 PUFA, alone, have not yet been identified. Therefore, the present review evaluates ALA, EPA and DHA consumed individually as well as in n-3 PUFA mixtures. Also, their role in the prevention of BC and potential anticancer mechanisms of action are examined. Overall, this review suggests that each n-3 PUFA has promising anticancer effects and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Liu
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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338
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Zahonero C, Sánchez-Gómez P. EGFR-dependent mechanisms in glioblastoma: towards a better therapeutic strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3465-88. [PMID: 24671641 PMCID: PMC11113227 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a particularly resilient cancer, and while therapies may be able to reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier, they then have to deal with a highly invasive tumor that is very resistant to DNA damage. It seems clear that in order to kill aggressive glioma cells more efficiently and with fewer side effects on normal tissue, there must be a shift from classical cytotoxic chemotherapy to more targeted therapies. Since the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is altered in almost 50% of glioblastomas, it currently represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets. In fact, it has been associated with several distinct steps in tumorigenesis, from tumor initiation to tumor growth and survival, and also with the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis. However, inhibitors of the EGFR kinase have produced poor results with this type of cancer in clinical trials, with no clear explanation for the tumor resistance observed. Here we will review what we know about the expression and function of EGFR in cancer and in particular in gliomas. We will also evaluate which are the possible molecular and cellular escape mechanisms. As a result, we hope that this review will help improve the design of future EGFR-targeted therapies for glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zahonero
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
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339
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Rozenberg K, Smirin P, Sampson SR, Rosenzweig T. Insulin-sensitizing and insulin-mimetic activities of Sarcopoterium spinosum extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:362-372. [PMID: 24882728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sarcopoterium spinosum is an abundant plant in Israel, used by Bedouin medicinal practitioners for the treatment of diabetes. In our previous study we validated the anti-diabetic activity of Sarcopoterium spinosum. The aim of this study was to further clarify its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vivo studies were performed on KK-a/y mice given the extract for 6 weeks. Insulin tolerance test was performed, and relative pancreatic islets area was measured. Mechanisms of action were investigated in L6 myotubes using protein array, Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. Glucose uptake assays were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS Sarcopoterium spinosum extract reduced fasting blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity in treated mice. Hypertrophic islets were detected in diabetic, but not in Sarcopoterium spinosum-treated mice. Sarcopoterium spinosum phosphorylated PTEN on ser380 and thr382/383, which are known inhibitory sites. PKB was not phosphorylated by Sarcopoterium spinosum, however, translocation of PKB from cytoplasm to the membrane and nucleus was detected. Target proteins of PKB were regulated by Sarcopoterium spinosum; GSK3β was phosphorylated and cytosolic localization of FoxO was increased. Glucose uptake was increased in a PI3K and AMPK-independent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that Sarcopoterium spinosum inhibited PTEN and activated PKB by a mechanism which is independent of ser473 and thr308 phosphorylation. Other post translation modifications might be involved and should be analyzed further in order to understand this unique PKB activation. Identifying the active molecules in the extract, may lead to the development of new agents for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Rozenberg
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Polina Smirin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sanford R Sampson
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76101, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; Samaria and Jordan Rift R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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340
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Ursolic Acid-Regulated Energy Metabolism-Reliever or Propeller of Ultraviolet-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage? Proteomes 2014; 2:399-425. [PMID: 28250388 PMCID: PMC5302752 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a leading cause of diseases, such as skin cancers and cataracts. A main process mediating UV-induced pathogenesis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS levels induce the formation of DNA adducts (e.g., pyrimidine dimers) and result in stalled DNA replication forks. In addition, ROS promotes phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase-coupled hormone receptors and alters downstream energy metabolism. With respect to the risk of UV-induced photocarcinogenesis and photodamage, the antitumoral and antioxidant functions of natural compounds become important for reducing UV-induced adverse effects. One important question in the field is what determines the differential sensitivity of various types of cells to UV light and how exogenous molecules, such as phytochemicals, protect normal cells from UV-inflicted damage while potentiating tumor cell death, presumably via interaction with intracellular target molecules and signaling pathways. Several endogenous molecules have emerged as possible players mediating UV-triggered DNA damage responses. Specifically, UV activates the PIKK (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase) family members, which include DNA-PKcs, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), whose signaling can be affected by energy metabolism; however, it remains unclear to what extent the activation of hormone receptors regulates PIKKs and whether this crosstalk occurs in all types of cells in response to UV. This review focuses on proteomic descriptions of the relationships between cellular photosensitivity and the phenotypic expression of the insulin/insulin-like growth receptor. It covers the cAMP-dependent pathways, which have recently been shown to regulate the DNA repair machinery through interactions with the PIKK family members. Finally, this review provides a strategic illustration of how UV-induced mitogenic activity is modulated by the insulin sensitizer, ursolic acid (UA), which results in the metabolic adaptation of normal cells against UV-induced ROS, and the metabolic switch of tumor cells subject to UV-induced damage. The multifaceted natural compound, UA, specifically inhibits photo-oxidative DNA damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells while enhancing that in skin melanoma. Considering the UA-mediated differential effects on cell bioenergetics, this article reviews the disparities in glucose metabolism between tumor and normal cells, along with (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α)-dependent mitochondrial metabolism and redox (reduction-oxidation) control to demonstrate UA-induced synthetic lethality in tumor cells.
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341
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Wang P, Guan P, Wang T, Yu X, Guo J, Wang Z. Aggravation of Alzheimer's disease due to the COX-2-mediated reciprocal regulation of IL-1β and Aβ between glial and neuron cells. Aging Cell 2014; 13:605-15. [PMID: 24621265 PMCID: PMC4326948 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and displays the characteristics of chronic neurodegenerative disorders; amyloid plaques (AP) that contain amyloid β-protein (Aβ) accumulate in AD, which is also characterized by tau phosphorylation. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that long-term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly reduces the risk of AD by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Although the levels of COX-2 and its metabolic product prostaglandin (PG)E2 are elevated in the brain of AD patients, the mechanisms for the development of AD remain unknown. Using human- or mouse-derived glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines as model systems, we delineated the signaling pathways by which COX-2 mediates the reciprocal regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Aβ between glial and neuron cells. In glioblastoma cells, COX-2 regulates the synthesis of IL-1β in a PGE2 -dependent manner. Moreover, COX-2-derived PGE2 signals the activation of the PI3-K/AKT and PKA/CREB pathways via cyclic AMP; these pathways transactivate the NF-κB p65 subunit via phosphorylation at Ser 536 and Ser 276, leading to IL-1β synthesis. The secretion of IL-1β from glioblastoma cells in turn stimulates the expression of COX-2 in human or mouse neuroblastoma cells. Similar regulatory mechanisms were found for the COX-2 regulation of BACE-1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. More importantly, Aβ deposition mediated the inflammatory response of glial cells via inducing the expression of COX-2 in glioblastoma cells. These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD but also initially define the therapeutic targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Pei‐Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Jian‐Jun Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Zhan‐You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
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342
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You DJ, Park CR, Lee HB, Moon MJ, Kang JH, Lee C, Oh SH, Ahn C, Seong JY, Hwang JI. A splicing variant of NME1 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and inhibits cancer metastasis by interacting with IKKβ. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17709-20. [PMID: 24811176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IKKβ functions as a principal upstream activator of the canonical NF-κB pathway by phosphorylating IκB, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Because IKKβ is considered a therapeutic target, understanding its regulation may facilitate the design of efficient regulators of this molecule. Here, we report a novel IKKβ-interacting molecule, NME1L, a splicing variant of the NME1 protein. NME1 has attracted attention in cancer research because of its antimetastatic activity and reduced expression in multiple aggressive types of cancer. However, the effect was just moderate but not dramatic in anti-cancer activities. We found that only NME1L interacts with IKKβ. Exogenous expression of NME1L resulted in a potent decrease in TNFα-stimulated NF-κB activation, whereas knockdown of NME1/NME1L with shRNA enhanced activity of NF-κB. NME1L down-regulates IKKβ signaling by blocking IKKβ-mediated IκB degradation. When NME1L was introduced into highly metastatic HT1080 cells, the mobility was efficiently inhibited. Furthermore, in a metastasis assay, NME1L-expressing cells did not colonize the lung. Based on these results, NME1L is a potent antimetastatic protein and may be a useful weapon in the fight against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joo You
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Cho Rong Park
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Hyun Bok Lee
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Moon
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- the National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- the Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Oh
- the College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea, and
| | - Curie Ahn
- the Transplantation Research Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- From the Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea,
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343
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Feng D, Wang W, Dong Y, Wu L, Huang J, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Wu S, Gao G, Qin H. Ceftriaxone alleviates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by increasing excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2014; 268:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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344
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Qian Y, Yang L, Cao S. Telomeres and telomerase in T cells of tumor immunity. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:63-9. [PMID: 24727158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specific nucleoprotein structures at the end of a eukaryotic chromosomes characterized by repeats of the sequence TTAGGG and regulated by the enzyme telomerase which prevents their degradation, loss, rearrangement and end-to-end fusion. During activation, T lymphocytes actively divide, albeit through only a finite number of cell divisions due to shortening of telomeres. However, studies have demonstrated that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), thought to be the major component regulating telomerase activity, can enhance the proliferation of T cells when overexpressed. There are many treatments for cancers, most of which are targeting the telomere and telomerase of tumor cells. However, the hTERT-transduced T cells improve their potential for proliferation, making them an appropriate cell resource for tumor adoptive immunotherapy, a procedure whereby T cells are isolated from patients, expanded ex vivo and eventually delivered back into the patients, provides a new approach for tumor therapy through improved overall survival rates in cancer patients. In this review, we will focus on the telomerase activity in T cells, the regulation of telomerase activity, and hTERT-transduced T cells used in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Qian
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China; Research Center of Lung Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China; Research Center of Lung Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shui Cao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China; Research Center of Lung Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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345
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Bean C, Verma NK, Yamamoto DL, Chemello F, Cenni V, Filomena MC, Chen J, Bang ML, Lanfranchi G. Ankrd2 is a modulator of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses during muscle differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1002. [PMID: 24434510 PMCID: PMC4040671 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive responses of skeletal muscle regulate the nuclear shuttling of the sarcomeric protein Ankrd2 that can transduce different stimuli into specific adaptations by interacting with both structural and regulatory proteins. In a genome-wide expression study on Ankrd2-knockout or -overexpressing primary proliferating or differentiating myoblasts, we found an inverse correlation between Ankrd2 levels and the expression of proinflammatory genes and identified Ankrd2 as a potent repressor of inflammatory responses through direct interaction with the NF-κB repressor subunit p50. In particular, we identified Gsk3β as a novel direct target of the p50/Ankrd2 repressosome dimer and found that the recruitment of p50 by Ankrd2 is dependent on Akt2-mediated phosphorylation of Ankrd2 upon oxidative stress during myogenic differentiation. Surprisingly, the absence of Ankrd2 in slow muscle negatively affected the expression of cytokines and key calcineurin-dependent genes associated with the slow-twitch muscle program. Thus, our findings support a model in which alterations in Ankrd2 protein and phosphorylation levels modulate the balance between physiological and pathological inflammatory responses in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bean
- Department of Biology, Innovative Biotechnologies Interdepartmental Research Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - N K Verma
- Department of Biology, Innovative Biotechnologies Interdepartmental Research Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D L Yamamoto
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - F Chemello
- Department of Biology, Innovative Biotechnologies Interdepartmental Research Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - V Cenni
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna Unit/IOR, Bologna, Italy
| | - M C Filomena
- 1] Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy [2] Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Chen
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M L Bang
- 1] Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy [2] Milan Unit, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - G Lanfranchi
- Department of Biology, Innovative Biotechnologies Interdepartmental Research Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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346
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Boucher J, Kleinridders A, Kahn CR. Insulin receptor signaling in normal and insulin-resistant states. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:6/1/a009191. [PMID: 24384568 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 917] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is understanding the signaling pathways impacting this disease. Insulin signaling regulates glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, predominantly via action on liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Precise modulation of this pathway is vital for adaption as the individual moves from the fed to the fasted state. The positive and negative modulators acting on different steps of the signaling pathway, as well as the diversity of protein isoform interaction, ensure a proper and coordinated biological response to insulin in different tissues. Whereas genetic mutations are causes of rare and severe insulin resistance, obesity can lead to insulin resistance through a variety of mechanisms. Understanding these pathways is essential for development of new drugs to treat diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Boucher
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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347
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Wu XQ, Huang C, He X, Tian YY, Zhou DX, He Y, Liu XH, Li J. Feedback regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase: new insight into the evolving field of telomerase in cancer. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2462-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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348
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Tang Y, Cheng Y, Martinka M, Ong CJ, Li G. Prognostic significance of KAI1/CD82 in human melanoma and its role in cell migration and invasion through the regulation of ING4. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:86-95. [PMID: 24130172 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KAI1/CD82 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, which was first identified as a metastasis suppressor for prostate cancer. The expression of KAI1 was found to be reduced in many types of cancers, including prostate, breast, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer. However, the role of KAI1 in melanoma pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated the expression level of KAI1 in a large set of melanocytic lesions at different stages. We found that the expression of KAI1 is significantly decreased during melanoma progression. In fact, KAI1 expression is drastically reduced in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi (P = 1.8×10(-4)) and further reduced in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma (P = 9.4 × 10(-15)). Furthermore, decreased KAI1 staining is strongly correlated with a worse 5 year and 10 year patient survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that KAI1 is also an independent prognostic factor for both 5 year and 10 year survival. Moreover, we found that overexpression of KAI1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell migration through suppression of Rho-associated kinase-mediated formation of stress fiber. Our data also suggested that overexpression of KAI1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell invasion by reducing the activity of metalloproteinase-2. In addition, we found that suppression of melanoma cell migration by KAI1 is mediated by another tumor-suppressor protein called inhibitor of growth 4 through the regulation of p65. Taken together, our data suggest that KAI1 may be used as a promising prognostic marker and a possible therapeutic target for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science
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349
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Wang FP, Li L, Li J, Wang JY, Wang LY, Jiang W. High mobility group box-1 promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells via TLR4-dependent signal pathways of PI3K/Akt and JNK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64373. [PMID: 23696886 PMCID: PMC3655989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is essential to the hepatic fibrotic response, and recently High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been shown up-regulated during liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, whether HMGB1 can modulate the proliferation and migration of HSCs is poorly understood, as well as the involved intracellular signaling. In this study, we examined the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation, migration, pro-fibrotic function of HSCs and investigated whether toll-like family of receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent signal pathway is involved in the intracellular signaling regulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Modified transwell chamber system to mimic the space of Disse was used to evaluate the migration of human primary HSCs, and the protein expressions of related signal factors were evaluated by western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay, the pro-fibrotic functions of HSCs by qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Recombinant human HMGB1 could significantly promote migration of HSCs under both haptotactic and chemotactic stimulation, especially the latter. Human TLR4 neutralizing antibody could markedly inhibit HMGB1-induced migration of HSCs. HMGB1 could enhance the phosphorylation of JNK and PI3K/Akt, and TLR4 neutralizing antibody inhibited HMGB1-enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and PI3K/Akt and activation of NF-κB. JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and PI3K inhibitor (LY 294002) significantly inhibited HMGB1-induced proliferation and migration of HSCs, and also reduced HMGB1-enhanced related collagen expressions and pro-fibrotic cytokines production. Conclusions/Significance HMGB1 could significantly enhance migration of HSCs in vitro, and TLR4-dependent JNK and PI3K/Akt signal pathways are involved in the HMGB1-induced proliferation, migration and pro-fibrotic effects of HSCs, which indicates HMGB1 might be an effective target to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-yao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-yan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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350
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Caporali S, Levati L, Graziani G, Muzi A, Atzori MG, Bonmassar E, Palmieri G, Ascierto PA, D'Atri S. NF-κB is activated in response to temozolomide in an AKT-dependent manner and confers protection against the growth suppressive effect of the drug. J Transl Med 2012; 10:252. [PMID: 23259744 PMCID: PMC3551789 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents activate the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). However, NF-κB activation can either protect from or contribute to the growth suppressive effects of the agent. We previously showed that the DNA-methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ) activates AKT, a positive modulator of NF-κB, in a mismatch repair (MMR) system-dependent manner. Here we investigated whether NF-κB is activated by TMZ and whether AKT is involved in this molecular event. We also evaluated the functional consequence of inhibiting NF-κB on tumor cell response to TMZ. Methods AKT phosphorylation, NF-κB transcriptional activity, IκB-α degradation, NF-κB2/p52 generation, and RelA and NF-κB2/p52 nuclear translocation were investigated in TMZ-treated MMR-deficient (HCT116, 293TLα-) and/or MMR-proficient (HCT116/3-6, 293TLα+, M10) cells. AKT involvement in TMZ-induced activation of NF-κB was addressed in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells transiently transfected with AKT1-targeting siRNA or using the isogenic MMR-proficient cell lines pUSE2 and KD12, expressing wild type or kinase-dead mutant AKT1. The effects of inhibiting NF-κB on sensitivity to TMZ were investigated in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells using the NF-κB inhibitor NEMO-binding domain (NBD) peptide or an anti-RelA siRNA. Results TMZ enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity, activated AKT, induced IκB-α degradation and RelA nuclear translocation in HCT116/3-6 and M10 but not in HCT116 cells. In M10 cells, TMZ promoted NF-κB2/p52 generation and nuclear translocation and enhanced the secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1. TMZ induced RelA nuclear translocation also in 293TLα+ but not in 293TLα- cells. AKT1 silencing inhibited TMZ-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB2/p52 generation. Up-regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation of RelA and NF-κB2/p52 in response to TMZ were impaired in KD12 cells. RelA silencing in HCT116/3-6 and M10 cells increased TMZ-induced growth suppression. In M10 cells NBD peptide reduced basal NF-κB activity, abrogated TMZ-induced up-regulation of NF-κB activity and increased sensitivity to TMZ. In HCT116/3-6 cells, the combined treatment with NBD peptide and TMZ produced additive growth inhibitory effects. Conclusion NF-κB is activated in response to TMZ in a MMR- and AKT-dependent manner and confers protection against drug-induced cell growth inhibition. Our findings suggest that a clinical benefit could be obtained by combining TMZ with NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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