301
|
Kazem YMI, Abdel-Moat M, El Shebini SM, Ahmed NH, Fouad S, Tapozada ST. Constipation, Oxidative Stress in Obese Patients and their Impact on Cognitive Functions and Mood, the Role of Diet Modification and Foeniculum vulgare Supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.312.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
302
|
Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:458-471. [PMID: 28918360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body contains as many bacteria in the intestine as the total number of human body cells. These bacteria have a central position in human health and disease, and would also play a role in the regulation of emotions, behavior, and even higher cognitive functions. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) is a major physiological stress system that produces cortisol. This hormone is involved in responding to environmental stress and also shapes many aspects of brain development. Both the HPA axis and the intestinal microbiota show rapid and profound developmental changes during the first years of life. Early environmental disturbances can affect the development of both systems. Early adversity, for example, is known to lead to later unbalances in both, as well as to psychopathological behavior and emotions. The goal of this theoretical review is to summarize current knowledge on the developmental crosstalk between the intestinal microbiota and the HPA axis, providing a basis for understanding the development and bidirectional communication between these two essential systems in human functioning.
Collapse
|
303
|
Lambregts-Rommelse N, Hebebrand J. Editorial focused issue 'The role of nutrition in child and adolescent onset mental disorders'. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1007-1010. [PMID: 28856454 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LVR Klinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
304
|
Dickerson F, Adamos M, Katsafanas E, Khushalani S, Origoni A, Savage C, Schweinfurth L, Stallings C, Sweeney K, Alaedini A, Uhde M, Severance E, Wilcox HC, Yolken R. The association between immune markers and recent suicide attempts in patients with serious mental illness: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:8-12. [PMID: 28505469 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified elevations in markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in schizophrenia and mood disorders but studies have not measured the association between these markers and recent suicide attempts. We assessed 210 patients receiving treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. We employed the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale to identify recent and lifetime suicide attempts (actual, aborted, and interrupted). Psychiatric participants and a control group of 72 individuals without a psychiatric disorder had a blood sample drawn from which were measured specific markers of gastrointestinal inflammation and also C-Reactive protein (CRP). A total of 20 (10%) of psychiatric participants had a suicide attempt in the previous one month and 95 (45%) an attempt during their lifetime but not in the previous one month. The recent attempters had significantly elevated levels of antibodies to yeast mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), the food antigen gliadin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with the non-psychiatric group when adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. These markers were not elevated in individuals with a past, but not recent, suicide attempt history. Our study indicates that there is evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation in some individuals who have had a recent suicide attempt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Dickerson
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Adamos
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Katsafanas
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunil Khushalani
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Origoni
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Savage
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lucy Schweinfurth
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cassie Stallings
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Sweeney
- Stanley Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie Uhde
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Severance
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
305
|
Ly V, Bottelier M, Hoekstra PJ, Arias Vasquez A, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse NN. Elimination diets' efficacy and mechanisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1067-1079. [PMID: 28190137 PMCID: PMC5591346 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in neurodevelopment. This insight has led to increasing research into the efficacy of nutrition-related interventions for treating neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses an elimination diet as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, with a focus on the efficacy of the food additives exclusion diet, gluten-free/casein-free diet and oligoantigenic diet. Furthermore, we discuss the potential mechanisms of elimination diets' effects in these neurodevelopmental disorders. The main candidate mechanism is the microbiome-gut-brain axis possibly involving complex interactions between multiple systems, including the metabolic, immune, endocrine, and neural system. We conclude with practical implications and future directions into the investigation of an elimination diet's efficacy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ly
- Karakter, Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco Bottelier
- Triversum, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter, Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda N Rommelse
- Karakter, Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
306
|
Zhou RY, Wang JJ, Sun JC, You Y, Ying JN, Han XM. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may be a highly inflammation and immune-associated disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5071-5077. [PMID: 28849096 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder. Previous research has indicated that genetic factors, family education, environment and dietary habits are associated with ADHD. It has been determined that in China many children with ADHD also have allergic rhinitis or asthma. These children are more susceptible to the common cold or upper respiratory infections compared with normal healthy children. Additionally, the common cold or an upper respiratory infection may lead to disease recurrence or worsen the symptoms in these children. Previous studies have determined that ADHD may have a close association with allergic disease. Based on the clinically observed phenomenon and previous studies, it was hypothesized that ADHD is a high inflammation and immune‑associated disease. Therefore, the authors designed clinical and animal experiments to test this hypothesis in the future. Immune system disorders may be a novel part of the etiology of ADHD. The current report may have implications for future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yi Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chao Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yue You
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Nang Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Min Han
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
307
|
Nowiński A, Ufnal M. Trimethylamine N-oxide: A harmful, protective or diagnostic marker in lifestyle diseases? Nutrition 2017; 46:7-12. [PMID: 29290360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diet has been considered a general health determinant for many years. Recent research shows a connection between gut microbiota composition that is shaped by our diet and lifestyle diseases. Several studies point to a positive correlation between elevated plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut bacteria metabolite, and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, it has been suggested that TMAO is a link between the diet, gut microbiota, and illness. Emerging experimental and clinical evidence shows that TMAO may be involved in the etiology of hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and renal failure. On the contrary, a number of studies have shown protective functions of TMAO, such as stabilization of proteins and protection of cells from osmotic and hydrostatic stresses. Finally, it is possible that TMAO is neither a causative nor a protecting factor, but may be merely a marker of disrupted homeostasis. Blood TMAO level depends on numerous factors including diet, gut microbiota composition and activity, permeability of the gut-blood barrier, activity of liver enzymes, and the rate of methylamines excretion. Therefore, the usefulness of TMAO as a specific biomarker in lifestyle diseases seems questionable. Here, we review research showing both physiological and pathophysiological actions of TMAO, as well as limitations of using TMAO as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Nowiński
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
308
|
Minalyan A, Gabrielyan L, Scott D, Jacobs J, Pisegna JR. The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:42. [PMID: 28733944 PMCID: PMC5621514 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery of Helicobacter pylori and other organisms colonizing the stomach and the intestines has shed some light on the importance of microbiome in maintaining overall health and developing pathological conditions when alterations in biodiversity are present. The gastric acidity plays a crucial role in filtering out bacteria and preventing development of enteric infections. In this article, we discuss the physiology of gastric acid secretion and bacterial contribution to the composition of gastric and intestinal barriers and review the current literature on the role of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in the microbial biodiversity of the gastrointestinal tract. RECENT FINDINGS Culture-independent techniques, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of the microbial biodiversity in the gastrointestinal tract. Luminal and mucosa-associated microbial populations are not identical. Streptococcus is overrepresented in the biopsies of patients with antral gastritis and may also be responsible for the development of peptic ulcer disease. The use of PPIs favors relative streptococcal abundance irrespective of H. pylori status and may explain the persistence of dyspeptic symptoms in patients on PPI therapy. Increased risk of enteric infections has also been seen in patients taking PPIs. The overuse of PPIs leads to significant shift of the gastrointestinal microbiome towards a less healthy state. With the advent of PPIs, many studies have demonstrated the significant changes in the microbial composition of both gastric and intestinal microbiota. Although they are considered relatively safe over-the-counter medications, PPIs in many cases are over- and even inappropriately used. Future studies assessing the safety of PPIs and their role in the development of microbiome changes should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Minalyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilit Gabrielyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Scott
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Veterans Affairs and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (691/111C), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
309
|
de Cossío LF, Fourrier C, Sauvant J, Everard A, Capuron L, Cani PD, Layé S, Castanon N. Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:33-49. [PMID: 28027925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. These findings may prove valuable for introducing novel approaches to treat some of the comorbidities associated with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Fernández de Cossío
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Célia Fourrier
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Everard
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucile Capuron
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
310
|
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions are influenced by complex host genetics and environment. Studies across animal taxa have aided our understanding of how intestinal microbiota influence vertebrate development, disease, and physiology. However, traditional mammalian studies can be limited by the use of isogenic strains, husbandry constraints that result in small sample sizes and limited statistical power, reliance on indirect characterization of gut microbial communities from fecal samples, and concerns of whether observations in artificial conditions are actually reflective of what occurs in the wild. Fish models are able to overcome many of these limitations. The extensive variation in the physiology, ecology, and natural history of fish enriches studies of the evolution and ecology of host-microbe interactions. They share physiological and immunological features common among vertebrates, including humans, and harbor complex gut microbiota, which allows identification of the mechanisms driving microbial community assembly. Their accelerated life cycles and large clutch sizes and the ease of sampling both internal and external microbial communities make them particularly well suited for robust statistical studies of microbial diversity. Gnotobiotic techniques, genetic manipulation of the microbiota and host, and transparent juveniles enable novel insights into mechanisms underlying development of the digestive tract and disease states. Many diseases involve a complex combination of genes which are difficult to manipulate in homogeneous model organisms. By taking advantage of the natural genetic variation found in wild fish populations, as well as of the availability of powerful genetic tools, future studies should be able to identify conserved genes and pathways that contribute to human genetic diseases characterized by dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Lescak
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
311
|
吴 巧, 尹 海, 徐 广, 余 曙, 唐 勇. 肠道菌群与脑科学. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:1832-1839. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i20.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
肠道菌群在维持机体正常功能中的作用已经越来越受到重视, 最近研究发现, 肠道菌群可以调节机体的情绪、认知、疼痛和睡眠等, 并与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森、焦虑抑郁和孤独症等多种疾病密切相关, 也是多种神经系统疾病发生和发展的关键调节者, 相关领域的研究如火如荼, 取得的成绩斐然. 但是, 如何解析肠道菌群在各个疾病中的作用机制, 其最关键的环节等问题还没有很好的得到回答, 此外, 相关研究成果与其他领域研究结果之间的融合和互补也需要进一步探索. 本文对肠道菌群与脑的相互关系、作用机制以及目前存在的问题进行了述评.
Collapse
|
312
|
Renz H, Holt PG, Inouye M, Logan AC, Prescott SL, Sly PD. An exposome perspective: Early-life events and immune development in a changing world. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:24-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
313
|
Hudziak J, Archangeli C. The Future of Preschool Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2017; 26:611-624. [PMID: 28577613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preschoolers are in the most rapid period of brain development. Environment shapes the structure and function of the developing brain. Promoting brain health requires cultivation of healthy environments at home, school, and in the community. This improves the emotional-behavioral and physical health of all children, can prevent problems in children at risk, and can alter the trajectory of children already suffering. For clinicians, this starts with assessing and treating the entire family, equipping parents with the principles of parent management training, and incorporating wellness prescriptions for nutrition, physical activity, music, and mindfulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Hudziak
- Division of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Christopher Archangeli
- Division of Child Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
314
|
Stefano GB, Ptacek R, Raboch J, Kream RM. Microbiome: A Potential Component in the Origin of Mental Disorders. Med Sci Monit 2017. [PMID: 28636585 PMCID: PMC5489312 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not surprising to find microbiome abnormalities present in psychiatric disorders such as depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, etc. Evolutionary pressure may provide an existential advantage to the host eukaryotic cells in that it survives in an extracellular environment containing non-self cells (e.g., bacteria). This phenomenon is both positive and negative, as with other intercellular processes. In this specific case, the phenomenal amount of information gained from combined bacterial genome could enhance communication between self and non-self cells. This can be coupled to both pathological processes and healthy ones. In this review, we chose to examine potential associated disorders that may be coupled to the microbiome, from the perspective of their bidirectional communication with eukaryotic cells in the gut. Cognition, being the newest neural networking functionality to evolve, consumes a good amount of organismic energy, 30% of which arises from the gut flora. Furthermore, the mammalian gut is highly innervated and has a highly developed immune component, reflecting brain complexity. The brain-gut axis uses similar molecular messengers as the brain, which affects bacterial processes as well. Thus, any modification of normal bacterial processes may manifest itself in altered behavior/cognition, originating from the gut. The origin of some disorders associated with this bidirectional communication may be harnessed to restore normal functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George B Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Center for Cognitive Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Ptacek
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Center for Cognitive Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Center for Cognitive Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard M Kream
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Center for Cognitive Molecular Neuroscience, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
315
|
Martucci M, Ostan R, Biondi F, Bellavista E, Fabbri C, Bertarelli C, Salvioli S, Capri M, Franceschi C, Santoro A. Mediterranean diet and inflammaging within the hormesis paradigm. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:442-455. [PMID: 28595318 PMCID: PMC5914347 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A coherent set of epidemiological data shows that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects capable of preventing a variety of age-related diseases in which low-grade, chronic inflammation/inflammaging plays a major role, but the underpinning mechanism(s) is/are still unclear. It is suggested here that the Mediterranean diet can be conceptualized as a form of chronic hormetic stress, similar to what has been proposed regarding calorie restriction, the most thoroughly studied nutritional intervention. Data on the presence in key Mediterranean foods of a variety of compounds capable of exerting hormetic effects are summarized, and the mechanistic role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 pathway is highlighted. Within this conceptual framework, particular attention has been devoted to the neurohormetic and neuroprotective properties of the Mediterranean diet, as well as to its ability to maintain an optimal balance between pro- and anti-inflammaging. Finally, the European Commission-funded project NU-AGE is discussed because it addresses a number of variables not commonly taken into consideration, such as age, sex, and ethnicity/genetics, that can modulate the hormetic effect of the Mediterranean diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morena Martucci
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bellavista
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Bertarelli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- M. Martucci, F. Biondi, E. Bellavista, C. Fabbri, C. Bertarelli, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. R. Ostan, S. Salvioli, M. Capri, and A. Santoro are with the Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. C. Franceschi is with the Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
316
|
Lopresti AL. Cognitive behaviour therapy and inflammation: A systematic review of its relationship and the potential implications for the treatment of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:565-582. [PMID: 28382827 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417701996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence confirming increased inflammation in a subset of adults with depression. The impact of this relationship has mostly been considered in biologically based interventions; however, it also has potential implications for psychological therapies. Cognitive behaviour therapy is the most commonly used psychological intervention for the treatment of depression with theories around its efficacy primarily based on psychological mechanisms. However, cognitive behaviour therapy may have an effect on, and its efficacy influenced by, physiological processes associated with depression. Accordingly, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between cognitive behaviour therapy and inflammation. METHOD Studies examining the anti-inflammatory effects of cognitive behaviour therapy in people with depression and other medical conditions (e.g. cancer, diabetes and heart disease) were examined. In addition, the relationship between change in inflammatory markers and change in depressive symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy, and the influence of pre-treatment inflammation on cognitive behaviour therapy treatment response were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 23 studies investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of cognitive behaviour therapy were identified. In 14 of these studies, at least one reduction in an inflammatory marker was reported, increases were identified in three studies and no change was found in six studies. Three studies examined the relationship between change in inflammation and change in depressive symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy. In two of these studies, change in depressive symptoms was associated with a change in at least one inflammatory marker. Finally, three studies examined the influence of pre-treatment inflammation on treatment outcome from cognitive behaviour therapy, and all indicated a poorer treatment response in people with higher premorbid inflammation. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests inflammation should be considered within the context of cognitive behaviour therapy, although robust studies examining the relationship are sparse, and heterogeneity between studies and populations examined was high. The potential treatment implications of the bi-directional relationship between inflammation and cognitive behaviour therapy are discussed, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
317
|
Methamphetamine: Effects on the brain, gut and immune system. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
318
|
Paulsen JA, Ptacek TS, Carter SJ, Liu N, Kumar R, Hyndman L, Lefkowitz EJ, Morrow CD, Rogers LQ. Gut microbiota composition associated with alterations in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychosocial outcomes among breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:1563-1570. [PMID: 28064384 PMCID: PMC5380600 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this proof-of-concept pilot study, our purpose was to determine correlations between gut microbiota composition and alterations in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychosocial outcomes among post-primary treatment breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS Composition of the gut microbiota in BCS (n = 12) was assessed at baseline (M0) and at the end of 3 months (M3) using Illumina MiSeq DNA Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using the QIIME bioinformatics software and represented through diversity metrics and taxa analyses. Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep dysfunction were assessed at M0 and M3 via the submaximal treadmill test, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. RESULTS Increased fatigue interference in BCS was associated with increased mean within-sample Shannon diversity (organism richness and evenness) (p = 0.009). Weighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa relative abundance) revealed significant differences in between-sample (beta) diversity for changes in fatigue interference (p = 0.01) and anxiety (p = 0.022), with a trend observed for fatigue intensity and sleep dysfunction (p < 0.1). Unweighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa types) found significant beta diversity differences for cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.026). Prior to false discovery correction (FDR), changes in fitness, fatigue, anxiety, and sleep dysfunction were associated with the frequency of certain gut bacteria genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Correlations may exist between alterations in gut microbiota composition and longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, fatigue, and anxiety in BCS. Further research examining the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise-induced effects on psychosocial outcomes in BCS is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesseca A Paulsen
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 222, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - LaKeshia Hyndman
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 222, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
Theoharides TC. Neuroendocrinology of mast cells: Challenges and controversies. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:751-759. [PMID: 28094875 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are hemotopoietically derived tissue immune cells that are ubiquitous in the body, including neuroendocrine organs such as the hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, ovaries, pancreas and uterus where their action is not well understood. Mast cells have historically been associated with allergies because of their rich content of histamine and tryptase, but more recently with regulation of immunity and inflammation due to their synthesis and release of numerous cytokines and chemokines. Mast cells are located perivascularly and express numerous receptors for diverse ligands such as allergens, pathogens, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones including acetylcholine, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), corticosteroids, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), β-endorphin, epinephrine, 17β-oestradiol, gonadotrophins, hemokinin-A (HKA), leptin, melatonin, neurotensin (NT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Moreover, MC can synthesize and release most of their neurohormonal triggers, including adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), CRH, endorphins, HKA, leptin, melatonin, NT, SP and VIP. Animal experiments have shown that diencephalic MC increase in number during courting in doves, while stimulation of brain and nasal MC leads to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent evidence indicates that MC reactivity exhibits diurnal variations, and it is interesting that melatonin appears to regulate MC secretion. However, the way MC change their phenotype or secrete specific molecules selectively at different pathophysiological settings still remains unknown. Mast cells developed over 500 million years ago and may have served as the original prototype neuroimmunoendocrine cell and then evolved into a master regulator of such interactions, especially as most of the known diseases involve neuroinflammation that worsens with stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
320
|
Miyazaki C, Koyama M, Ota E, Swa T, Mlunde LB, Amiya RM, Tachibana Y, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Mori R. Allergic diseases in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:120. [PMID: 28359274 PMCID: PMC5374627 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of frequent manifestation of allergic diseases in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the subject of mounting clinical interest. However, evidence supporting the association between ADHD and allergies is inconsistent and has yet to be systematically reviewed. The objective of this study was to compile and assess available studies on the association between ADHD and allergic diseases in children. METHODS A comprehensive search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and CINAHL databases was completed in 23 November 2015. The inclusion criteria for studies were that the research assessed allergic diseases in children, 18 years of age and younger, with a diagnosis of ADHD and that a distinct comparison group was incorporated. Any comparative studies, encompassing both randomized controlled trials and observational studies, were considered for inclusion. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of the selected studies by the use of validated assessment tools, performed data extraction and conducted meta-analysis according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. RESULTS Five eligible studies were included in this systematic review. Of these studies, three were case-control and two were cross sectional studies. A majority of information from the five studies was classified as having low or unclear risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed an association between children with ADHD and asthma compared with the control groups (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.57 - 2.07; five studies, low quality of evidence), but did not indicate an association between food allergy and ADHD (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.88 - 1.47; three studies very low quality of evidence). The odds of experiencing allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis were slightly higher in children with ADHD compared with control groups, though a substantial statistical heterogeneity was notable in the overall effect estimates. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this review and meta-analysis show that children with ADHD are more likely to have asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis than their counterparts. Interventions including strategies for managing allergies in children with ADHD would be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Miyazaki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Momoko Koyama
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, 10-1 Akashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0044 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Swa
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka Prefecture, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Linda B. Mlunde
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
| | - Rachel M. Amiya
- Department of Family Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8654 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Department of Medical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 10-1-2 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
321
|
Main BS, Minter MR. Microbial Immuno-Communication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:151. [PMID: 28386215 PMCID: PMC5362619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation is a critical process by which the brain coordinates chemokine-regulated cellular recruitment, cytokine release, and cell-mediated removal of pathogenic material to protect against infection or brain injury. Dysregulation of this immune response is involved in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, however the precise contribution of neuro-inflammation to the exacerbation and progression of these diseases remains unclear. Evidence now suggests that commensal micro-organisms populating the host and their metabolites, collectively termed the microbiome, regulate innate immunity by influencing peripheral immune cell populations, and modulating microglial phenotype. Recent preclinical studies now demonstrate that perturbations in the host microbiome can induce alterations in pathological phenotypes associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. How perturbations in the host microbiome and subsequently altered peripheral immune status are communicated to the brain to influence neuro-inflammatory processes in these neurodegenerative disease settings is far from understood. This review provides insight into the regulation of neuro-inflammatory processes by the host microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease and highlights the potential importance of the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier, functioning as "immune barriers," to communicate host immune status to the brain. Understanding the mechanisms by which the commensal microbiome communicates with the brain to influence neuro-inflammatory processes will be critical in the development of microbially-targeted therapeutics in the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bevan S Main
- Laboratory for Brain Injury and Dementia, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Myles R Minter
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; The Microbiome Center, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
322
|
Davison KM, Gondara L, Kaplan BJ. Food Insecurity, Poor Diet Quality, and Suboptimal Intakes of Folate and Iron Are Independently Associated with Perceived Mental Health in Canadian Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:E274. [PMID: 28335418 PMCID: PMC5372937 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address nutrition-related population mental health data gaps, we examined relationships among food insecurity, diet quality, and perceived mental health. METHODS Stratified and logistic regression analyses of respondents aged 19-70 years from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 were conducted (n = 15,546). Measures included the Household Food Security Survey Module, diet quality (i.e., comparisons to the Dietary Reference Intakes, Healthy Eating Index), perceived mental health (poor versus good), sociodemographics, and smoking. RESULTS In this sample, 6.9% were food insecure and 4.5% reported poor mental health. Stratified analysis of food security and mental health status by age/gender found associations for poor diet quality, protein, fat, fibre, and several micronutrients (p-values < 0.05); those who were food insecure tended to have higher suboptimal intakes (p-values < 0.05). After adjustment for covariates, associations in relation to mental health emerged for food insecurity (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.45-1.71), poor diet quality (1.61, 95% CI 1.34-1.81), and suboptimal intakes of folate (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.17-1.90) and iron (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.23-1.88). CONCLUSIONS Population approaches that improve food security and intakes of high quality diets may protect people from poor mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia and Health Science Program, Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada.
| | - Lovedeep Gondara
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Springfield and Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Bonnie J Kaplan
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
323
|
Rakers F, Rupprecht S, Dreiling M, Bergmeier C, Witte OW, Schwab M. Transfer of maternal psychosocial stress to the fetus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 117:S0149-7634(16)30719-9. [PMID: 28237726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial maternal stress experienced during different vulnerable periods throughout gestation is thought to increase the individual's risk to develop neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. Cortisol has generally been identified as the major mediator of maternal stress transfer to the fetus. Its lipophilic nature allows a trans-placental passage and thus excessive maternal cortisol could persistently impair the development of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). However, cortisol alone cannot fully explain all effects of maternal stress especially during early to mid pregnancy before maturation of the fetal HPAA has even begun and expression of fetal glucocorticoid receptors is limited. This review focuses on mediators of maternal fetal stress transfer that in addition to cortisol have been proposed as transmitters of maternal stress: catecholamines, cytokines, serotonin/tryptophan, reactive-oxygen-species and the maternal microbiota. We propose that the effects of psychosocial maternal stress on fetal development and health and disease in later life are not a consequence of a single pathway but are mediated by multiple stress-transfer mechanisms acting together in a synergistic manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rakers
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sven Rupprecht
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Michelle Dreiling
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bergmeier
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
324
|
|
325
|
WY-14643, a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviors by preventing neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
326
|
|
327
|
Siwek J, Kawala-Janik A, Walecki P. Role of the gut-brain axis in the eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorders. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:The occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has significantly increased in the last few years. One of the common problems in this group are eating disorders and ailments from the gastrointestinal systems. According to some studies, these problems have a significant impact on the occurrence and severity of symptoms in the neurological system, so it is crucial to increase the attention paid on the role of diet in the treatment of this disease. One of the theories connects ASD with disorders of the digestive system and the intestinal bacterial flora. This theory is based on the gut-brain axis, which means the interaction between the gastrointestinal and nervous systems.Objectives:To demonstrate the differences in behavior habits, interest in nutrition, and frequency of consumption of food products between children suffering from ASD and healthy children.Materials and methods:The study was conducted among 44 children suffering from ASD and 33 healthy children as a control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was specially designed for this study. The questionnaire contained questions about eating habits and the frequency of consumption of selected food products.Results:Parents of healthy children showed more interest in their children’s way of feeding and nutritional recommendations compared to parents of children with ASD (4% and 11.3%, respectively). In addition, 24.3% more children with ASD consulted with a nutritionist compared to the control group. Complaints of the digestive system were 21.1% more likely by children with ASD. Children suffering from ASD were characterized by a higher intake of red meat and giblets and less frequent consumption of milk and milk products compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in terms of frequency of consumption of products, which are the source of gluten, artificial food additives-preservatives, and artificial colors.Conclusions:There are differences in the habits and eating behaviors and the frequency of consumption of selected food products between a group of children with ASD and a group of healthy children.
Collapse
|
328
|
Kohler O, Krogh J, Mors O, Benros ME. Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:732-42. [PMID: 27640518 PMCID: PMC5050394 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151208113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated antidepressant treatment effects for anti-inflammatory agents, both as add-on treatment and as monotherapy. In particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cytokine-inhibitors have shown antidepressant treatment effects compared to placebo, but also statins, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, pioglitazone, minocycline, modafinil, and corticosteroids may yield antidepressant treatment effects. However, the complexity of the inflammatory cascade, limited clinical evidence, and the risk for side effects stress cautiousness before clinical application. Thus, despite proof-of-concept studies of anti-inflammatory treatment effects in depression, important challenges remain to be investigated. Within this paper, we review the association between inflammation and depression together with the current evidence on use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Based on this, we address the questions and challenges that seem most important and relevant to future studies, such as timing, most effective treatment lengths and identification of subgroups of patients potentially responding better to different anti-inflammatory treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kohler
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, P.O. Box: Skovagervej 2, DK-8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
329
|
Biragyn A, Aliseychik M, Rogaev E. Potential importance of B cells in aging and aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:283-294. [PMID: 28083646 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of B cells as merely antibody producers is slowly changing. Alone or in concert with antibody, they control outcomes of seemingly different diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. While their role in activation of effector immune cells is beneficial in cancer but bad in autoimmune diseases, their immunosuppressive and regulatory subsets (Bregs) inhibit autoimmune and anticancer responses. These pathogenic and suppressive functions are not static and appear to be regulated by the nature and strength of inflammation. Although aging increases inflammation and changes the composition and function of B cells, surprisingly, little is known whether the change affects aging-associated neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, by analyzing B cells in cancer and autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases, we elucidate their potential importance in AD and other aging-associated neuroinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Biragyn
- Immunoregulation section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Maria Aliseychik
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
330
|
Sola-Oladokun B, Culligan EP, Sleator RD. Engineered Probiotics: Applications and Biological Containment. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:353-370. [PMID: 28125354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered probiotics represent the next generation of whole cell-mediated biotherapeutics. Advances in synthetic biology, genome engineering, and DNA sequencing and synthesis have enabled scientists to design and develop probiotics with increased stress tolerance and the ability to target specific pathogens and their associated toxins, as well as to mediate targeted delivery of vaccines, drugs, and immunomodulators directly to host cells. Herein, we review the most significant advances in the development of this field. We discuss the critical issue of biological containment and consider the role of synthetic biology in the design and construction of the probiotics of the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babasola Sola-Oladokun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Eamonn P Culligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , ,
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; , , .,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
331
|
Xu J, Chen HB, Li SL. Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1140-1185. [PMID: 28052344 DOI: 10.1002/med.21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever-increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota-metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM-targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM-based drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China.,Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210028, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
332
|
Douros K, Moustaki M, Tsabouri S, Papadopoulou A, Papadopoulos M, Priftis KN. Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Risk of Asthma in Children. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:202. [PMID: 28979893 PMCID: PMC5611367 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicate that maternal prenatal stress (MPS) can result in a range of long-term adverse effects in the offspring. The underlying mechanism of MPS is not fully understood. However, its complexity is emphasized by the number of purportedly involved pathways namely, placental deregulated metabolism of maternal steroids, impaired maturation of fetal HPA axis, imbalanced efflux of commensal bacteria across the placenta, and skewed immune development toward Th2. Fetal programming probably exerts a pivotal role in the end result of the above pathways through the modulation of gene expression. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge from epidemiological and experimental studies regarding the effects of MPS on asthma development in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Douros
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, "Attikon" University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moustaki
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Tsabouri
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, "Attikon" University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Papadopoulos
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, "Attikon" University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas N Priftis
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics, "Attikon" University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
333
|
Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:254-270. [PMID: 27510423 PMCID: PMC5143487 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of inflammation in fear- and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective behavior. Indeed, heightened concentrations of inflammatory signals, including cytokines and C-reactive protein, have been described in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and phobias (agoraphobia, social phobia, etc.). However, not all reports indicate a positive association between inflammation and fear- and anxiety-based symptoms, suggesting that other factors are important in future assessments of inflammation's role in the maintenance of these disorders (ie, sex, co-morbid conditions, types of trauma exposure, and behavioral sources of inflammation). The most parsimonious explanation of increased inflammation in PTSD, GAD, PD, and phobias is via the activation of the stress response and central and peripheral immune cells to release cytokines. Dysregulation of the stress axis in the face of increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic activity characteristic of anxiety disorders could further augment inflammation and contribute to increased symptoms by having direct effects on brain regions critical for the regulation of fear and anxiety (such as the prefrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus). Taken together, the available data suggest that targeting inflammation may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating these fear- and anxiety-based disorders in the future. However, the field must continue to characterize the specific role pro-inflammatory signaling in the maintenance of these unique psychiatric conditions.
Collapse
|
334
|
Godfrey KM, Reynolds RM, Prescott SL, Nyirenda M, Jaddoe VWV, Eriksson JG, Broekman BFP. Influence of maternal obesity on the long-term health of offspring. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:53-64. [PMID: 27743978 PMCID: PMC5245733 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to immediate implications for pregnancy complications, increasing evidence implicates maternal obesity as a major determinant of offspring health during childhood and later adult life. Observational studies provide evidence for effects of maternal obesity on her offspring's risks of obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and asthma. Maternal obesity could also lead to poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy. Preliminary evidence suggests potential implications for immune and infectious-disease-related outcomes. Insights from experimental studies support causal effects of maternal obesity on offspring outcomes, which are mediated at least partly through changes in epigenetic processes, such as alterations in DNA methylation, and perhaps through alterations in the gut microbiome. Although the offspring of obese women who lose weight before pregnancy have a reduced risk of obesity, few controlled intervention studies have been done in which maternal obesity is reversed and the consequences for offspring have been examined. Because the long-term effects of maternal obesity could have profound public health implications, there is an urgent need for studies on causality, underlying mechanisms, and effective interventions to reverse the epidemic of obesity in women of childbearing age and to mitigate consequences for offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Endocrinology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan L Prescott
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Moffat Nyirenda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore, Singaporre
| |
Collapse
|
335
|
Luo K, Shi Q, Feng F. Characterization of global metabolic profile of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction in rat bile, urine and feces after oral administration based on a strategy combining LC–MS and chemometrics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:260-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
336
|
Food matters: how the microbiome and gut-brain interaction might impact the development and course of anorexia nervosa. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1031-1041. [PMID: 28144744 PMCID: PMC5591351 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in female adolescents and exhibits the highest mortality risk of all psychiatric disorders. Evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic or psychopharmacological interventions is weak. Mounting data indicate that the gut microbiome interacts with the central nervous system and the immune system by neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory afferent and efferent pathways. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota influences weight regulation and psychopathology, such as anxiety and depression. This article reviews how the gut-brain interaction may impact the development and course of AN. A "leaky gut", characterized by antigens traversing the intestinal wall, was demonstrated in an animal model of AN, and could underlie the low-grade inflammation and increased risk of autoimmune diseases found in AN. Moreover, starvation has a substantial impact on the gut microbiome, and diets used for re-nutrition based on animal products may support the growth of bacteria capable of triggering inflammation. As there is currently no empirically derived agreement on therapeutic re-nourishment in AN, this review discusses how consideration of gut-brain interactions may be important for treatment regarding the determination of target weight, rapidity of weight gain, refeeding methods and composition of the diet which might all be of importance to improve long-term outcome of one of the most chronic psychiatric disorders of adolescence.
Collapse
|
337
|
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the paper is to show the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms in coeliac disease (CD). CD is a T cell-mediated, tissue-specific autoimmune disease which affects genetically susceptible individuals after dietary exposure to proline- and glutamine-rich proteins contained in certain cereal grains. Genetics, environmental factors and different immune systems, together with the presence of auto-antigens, are taken into account when identifying the pathogenesis of CD. CD pathogenesis is related to immune dysregulation, which involves the gastrointestinal system, and the extra-intestinal systems such as the nervous system, whose neurological symptoms are evidenced in CD patients. A gluten-free diet (GFD) could avoid cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, neuropathies, migraine and mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, untreated CD patients have more symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidities than those treated with a GFD. Common psychiatric symptoms in untreated CD adult patients include depression, apathy, anxiety, and irritability and schizophrenia is also common in untreated CD. Several studies show improvement in psychiatric symptoms after the start of a GFD. The present review discusses the state of the art regarding neurological and psychiatric complications in CD and highlights the evidence supporting a role for GFD in reducing neurological and psychiatric complications.
Collapse
|
338
|
Khan F, Oloketuyi SF. A future perspective on neurodegenerative diseases: nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:306-320. [PMID: 27740729 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are considered a serious life-threatening issue regardless of age. Resulting nerve damage progressively affects important activities, such as movement, coordination, balance, breathing, speech and the functioning of vital organs. Reports on the subject have concluded that neurodegenerative disease can be caused by mutations of susceptible genes, alcohol consumption, toxins, chemicals and other unknown environmental factors. Although several diagnostic techniques can be used to determine aetiologies, the process is difficult and often fails. Research shows that nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota play important roles in brain to spinal cord coordination. However, no conclusive epidemiologic evidence is available on the roles played by respiratory and gut microbiota in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, understanding the connection between respiratory and gut microbiota and the nervous system could provide information on causal links. The present review describes future perspectives on the role played by nasopharyngeal and gut microbiota in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - S F Oloketuyi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
339
|
Fryar-Williams S. Fundamental Role of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C → T Genotype and Flavin Compounds in Biochemical Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:172. [PMID: 27881965 PMCID: PMC5102045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mental Health Biomarker Project (2010-2016) explored variables for psychosis in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Blood samples from 67, highly characterized symptomatic cases and 67 gender and age matched control participants were analyzed for methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C → T gene variants and for vitamin B6, B12 and D, folate, unbound copper, zinc cofactors for enzymes in the methylation cycle, and related catecholamine pathways. Urine samples were analyzed for indole-catecholamines, their metabolites, and oxidative-stress marker, hydroxylpyrolline-2-one (HPL). Rating scales were Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Global Assessment of Function scale, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) score, and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Analysis used Spearman's correlates, receiver operating characteristics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The correlative pattern of variables in the overall participant sample strongly implicated monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme inactivity so the significant role of MAO's cofactor flavin adenine nucleotide and its precursor flavin adenine mononucleotide (FMN) within the biochemical pathways was investigated and confirmed as 71% on SEM of the total sample. Splitting the data sets for MTHFR 677C → T polymorphism variants coding for the MTHFR enzyme, discovered that biochemistry variables relating to the wild-type enzyme differed markedly in pattern from those coded by the homozygous variant and that the hereozygous-variant pattern resembled the wild-type-coded pattern. The MTHFR 677C → T-wild and -heterozygous gene variants have a pattern of depleted vitamin cofactors characteristic of flavin insufficiency with under-methylation and severe oxidative stress. The second homozygous MTHFR 677TT pattern related to elevated copper:zinc ratio and a vitamin pattern related to flavin sufficiency and risk of over-methylation. The two gene variants and their different biochemical phenotypes govern findings in relationship to case-identification, illness severity, duration of illness, and functional disability in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis, and establish a basis for trials of gene-guided precision treatment for the management of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Norwood, SA, Australia
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
340
|
Attention Deficit Disorder and Allergic Rhinitis: Are They Related? J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1596828. [PMID: 27872863 PMCID: PMC5107870 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1596828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between ADHD and allergy remains controversial. Our previous findings suggest that nerve growth factor may link the nervous and immune systems. The primary objective of this study was to determine if a combination of cetirizine + methylphenidate is effective in children with comorbid ADHD and allergic rhinitis. We also examined the role of nerve growth factor in these comorbidities. Our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study enrolled 38 children diagnosed with comorbid ADHD and allergy using cetirizine (n = 12), sustained-release methylphenidate (n = 12), or cetirizine + methylphenidate (n = 14). Endpoints compared baseline to posttreatment evaluations for allergic rhinitis and ADHD scores. Serum nerve growth factor levels were measured using ELISA. For allergy endpoints, combination therapy produced results superior to individual therapy. For ADHD, similar scores were achieved for individual therapy; however, combination therapy resulted in improved scores. Nerve growth factor levels were downregulated following this trend. We conclude that ADHD and allergic rhinitis may have common mechanism and represent a comorbid condition that links the nervous system to the immune system. Further studies are needed.
Collapse
|
341
|
Neonatal abstinence syndrome and the gastrointestinal tract. Med Hypotheses 2016; 97:11-15. [PMID: 27876117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of a healthy gut microbiome is essential in newborns to establish immunity and protection from pathogens. Recent studies suggest that infants who develop dysbiosis may be at risk for lifelong adverse health consequences. Exposure to opioid drugs during pregnancy is a factor of potential importance for microbiome health that has not yet been investigated. Since these infants are born after an entire gestation exposed to mu opioid receptor agonists and have severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, we hypothesize that these infants are at risk for dysbiosis. We speculate that opioid exposure during gestation and development of NAS at birth may lead to a dysbiotic gut microbiome, which may impair normal microbiome succession and development, and impact future health of these children.
Collapse
|
342
|
Microbiota and neurologic diseases: potential effects of probiotics. J Transl Med 2016; 14:298. [PMID: 27756430 PMCID: PMC5069982 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal tract have been associated with both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, considerable interest has been devoted to their role in the development of neurologic diseases, as many studies have described bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gut, the so-called “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. Considering the ability of probiotics (i.e., live non-pathogenic microorganisms) to restore the normal microbial population and produce benefits for the host, their potential effects have been investigated in the context of neurologic diseases. The main aims of this review are to analyse the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain disorders and to evaluate the current evidence for the use of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of neurologic conditions. Discussion Overall, trials involving animal models and adults have reported encouraging results, suggesting that the administration of probiotic strains may exert some prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a wide range of neurologic conditions. Studies involving children have mainly focused on autism spectrum disorder and have shown that probiotics seem to improve neuro behavioural symptoms. However, the available data are incomplete and far from conclusive. Conclusions The potential usefulness of probiotics in preventing or treating neurologic diseases is becoming a topic of great interest. However, deeper studies are needed to understand which formulation, dosage and timing might represent the optimal regimen for each specific neurologic disease and what populations can benefit. Moreover, future trials should also consider the tolerability and safety of probiotics in patients with neurologic diseases.
Collapse
|
343
|
Puurunen J, Sulkama S, Tiira K, Araujo C, Lehtonen M, Hanhineva K, Lohi H. A non-targeted metabolite profiling pilot study suggests that tryptophan and lipid metabolisms are linked with ADHD-like behaviours in dogs. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:27. [PMID: 27686065 PMCID: PMC5043524 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent and multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder in the human population worldwide. Complex etiology and clinical heterogeneity have challenged the research, diagnostics and treatment of the disease. Hyperactive and impulsive behaviour has also been observed in dogs, and they could offer a physiologically relevant model for human ADHD. As a part of our ongoing study to understand the molecular etiology of canine anxiety traits, this study was aimed to pilot an approach to identify metabolic biomarkers in canine ADHD-like behaviours for research, diagnostics and treatment purposes. METHODS We collected fresh plasma samples from 22 German Shepherds with varying ADHD-like behaviours. All dogs were on the same controlled diet for 2 weeks prior to sampling. A liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed to identify plasma metabolites correlating with the ADHD-like behaviour of the dogs. RESULTS 649 molecular features correlated with ADHD-like behavioural scores (praw < 0.05), and three of them [sn-1 LysoPC(18:3), PC(18:3/18:2) and sn-1 LysoPE(18:2)] had significant correlations also after FDR correction (pFDR < 0.05). Phospholipids were found to negatively correlate with ADHD-like behavioural scores, whereas tryptophan metabolites 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) had negative and positive correlations with ADHD-like behavioural scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified associations between canine ADHD-like behaviours and metabolites that are involved in lipid and tryptophan metabolisms. The identified metabolites share similarity with earlier findings in human and rodent ADHD models. However, a larger replication study is warranted to validate the discoveries prior to further studies to understand the biological role of the identified metabolites in canine ADHD-like behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Puurunen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Sulkama
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Tiira
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cesar Araujo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,The Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
344
|
Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:624-34. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
345
|
Cattaneo A, Cattane N, Galluzzi S, Provasi S, Lopizzo N, Festari C, Ferrari C, Guerra UP, Paghera B, Muscio C, Bianchetti A, Volta GD, Turla M, Cotelli MS, Gennuso M, Prelle A, Zanetti O, Lussignoli G, Mirabile D, Bellandi D, Gentile S, Belotti G, Villani D, Harach T, Bolmont T, Padovani A, Boccardi M, Frisoni GB. Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:60-68. [PMID: 27776263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathway leading from amyloid-β deposition to cognitive impairment is believed to be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, what drives amyloid buildup in sporadic nongenetic cases of AD is still unknown. AD brains feature an inflammatory reaction around amyloid plaques, and a specific subset of the gut microbiota (GMB) may promote brain inflammation. We investigated the possible role of the GMB in AD pathogenesis by studying the association of brain amyloidosis with (1) GMB taxa with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity; and (2) peripheral inflammation in cognitively impaired patients. We measured the stool abundance of selected bacterial GMB taxa (Escherichia/Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bacteroides fragilis) and the blood expression levels of cytokines (pro-inflammatory cytokines: CXCL2, CXCL10, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-8, inflammasome complex (NLRP3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]; anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) in cognitively impaired patients with (n = 40, Amy+) and with no brain amyloidosis (n = 33, Amy-) and also in a group of controls (n = 10, no brain amyloidosis and no cognitive impairment). Amy+ patients showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CXCL2, NLRP3, and IL-1β) compared with both controls and with Amy- patients. A reduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in Amy+ versus Amy-. Amy+ showed lower abundance of E. rectale and higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella compared with both healthy controls (fold change, FC = -9.6, p < 0.001 and FC = +12.8, p < 0.001, respectively) and to Amy- (FC = -7.7, p < 0.001 and FC = +7.4, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, NLRP3, and CXCL2 with abundance of the inflammatory bacteria taxon Escherichia/Shigella (rho = 0.60, p < 0.001; rho = 0.57, p < 0.001; and rho = 0.30, p = 0.007, respectively) and a negative correlation with the anti-inflammatory E. rectale (rho = -0.48, p < 0.001; rho = -0.25, p = 0.024; rho = -0.49, p < 0.001). Our data indicate that an increase in the abundance of a pro-inflammatory GMB taxon, Escherichia/Shigella, and a reduction in the abundance of an anti-inflammatory taxon, E. rectale, are possibly associated with a peripheral inflammatory state in patients with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis. A possible causal relation between GMB-related inflammation and amyloidosis deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Festari
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ugo Paolo Guerra
- Nuclear Medicine, Poliambulanza Foundation, Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Paghera
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Muscio
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; European Foundation Biomedical Research (FERB), Center of Excellence Alzheimer, Ospedale Briolini, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Bianchetti
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istituto Clinico Sant'Anna, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marinella Turla
- Neurology Unit, Ospedale di Vallecamonica Esine, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Orazio Zanetti
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Lussignoli
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dario Mirabile
- European Foundation Biomedical Research (FERB), Center of Excellence Alzheimer, Ospedale Briolini, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellandi
- Alzheimer Evaluation Unit, Istituto Ospedaliero di Sospiro ONLUS Foundation, Cremona, Italy
| | - Simona Gentile
- Department of Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Ancelle della Carità, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gloria Belotti
- Alzheimer Evaluation Unit, Hospice Santa Maria Ausiliatrice ONLUS Foundation, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniele Villani
- Alzheimer Evaluation Unit, Casa di Cura Figlie di S. Camillo, Cremona, Italy
| | - Taoufiq Harach
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Boccardi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; LANVIE-Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Memory Clinic, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
346
|
Editorial overview: Immunomodulation: Exploiting the circle between emotions and immunity: impact on pharmacological treatments. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:viii-xii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
347
|
[Gut microbiome and psyche: paradigm shift in the concept of brain-gut axis]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158 Suppl 4:12-6. [PMID: 27221556 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-8304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of the brain-gut axis describes the communication between the central and enteric nervous system. The exchange of information takes place in both directions. The great advances in molecular medicine in recent years led to the discovery of an enormous number of microorganisms in the intestine (gut microbiome), which greatly affect the function of the brain-gut axis. METHOD Overview RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Numerous studies indicate that the dysfunction of the brain-gut axis could lead to both inflammatory and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, it was shown that a faulty composition of the gut microbiota in childhood influences the maturation of the central nervous system and thus may favor the development of mental disorders such as autism, depression, or other. An exact causal relationship between psyche and microbiome must be clarified by further studies in order to find new therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
348
|
Möhle L, Mattei D, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Fischer A, Alutis M, French T, Hambardzumyan D, Matzinger P, Dunay IR, Wolf SA. Ly6C(hi) Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1945-56. [PMID: 27210745 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics, though remarkably useful, can also cause certain adverse effects. We detected that treatment of adult mice with antibiotics decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention. Reconstitution with normal gut flora (SPF) did not completely reverse the deficits in neurogenesis unless the mice also had access to a running wheel or received probiotics. In parallel to an increase in neurogenesis and memory retention, both SPF-reconstituted mice that ran and mice supplemented with probiotics exhibited higher numbers of Ly6C(hi) monocytes in the brain than antibiotic-treated mice. Elimination of Ly6C(hi) monocytes by antibody depletion or the use of knockout mice resulted in decreased neurogenesis, whereas adoptive transfer of Ly6C(hi) monocytes rescued neurogenesis after antibiotic treatment. We propose that the rescue of neurogenesis and behavior deficits in antibiotic-treated mice by exercise and probiotics is partially mediated by Ly6C(hi) monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Möhle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Mattei
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Alutis
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy French
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Neurosciences at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Polly Matzinger
- Ghost Lab, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA
| | - Ildiko R Dunay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
349
|
Verma S, Mundkinajeddu D, Agarwal A, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Effects of turmeric curcuminoids and metformin against central sensitivity to pain in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:145-151. [PMID: 28417083 PMCID: PMC5388045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reported experimental study was conducted to compare the effects of repeated daily oral doses of curcuminoids (CLE) with metformin as potential antidepressants and analgesics. Effects of a single and ten daily oral doses of CLE (5, 20, 80 mg/kg/day) and of 50 mg/kg/day metformin (MET) were compared in mice hot plate test (HPT) for analgesics. On the 11th treatment day, all animals were subjected to foot shock stress triggered hyperthermia test, and on the 12th treatment day to tail suspension test (TST) for antidepressants. Immediately thereafter, their blood levels of glucose, insulin and cortisol were quantified. Dose dependent analgesic activity of CLE was observed in HPT, whereas the metformin dose tested suppressed only pain hypersensitivity in the test. But statistically significant effects of both of them were observed in TST, and both of them also afforded protections against body weight loss and slight elevation in core temperatures induced by daily handling and repeated testing. CLE or metformin had no significant effects in foot shock stress triggered transient hyperthermic responses or on blood glucose, insulin and cortisol levels. Reported results reveal that curcuminoids as well as metformin are stress response modifiers with antidepressants like activities, but only low dose curcuminoids possess centrally acting analgesics like activities. They suggest that the bio-assay system used in this study is well suited for identifying curcuminoids like plant metabolites with analgesic and anti-stress activities, and that low dose curcuminoids are more effective as analgesics than low dose metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Verma
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Mundkinajeddu
- Research and Development Center, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru 560 100, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Research and Development Center, Natural Remedies Private Limited, Bengaluru 560 100, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
350
|
Bauer KC, Huus KE, Finlay BB. Microbes and the mind: emerging hallmarks of the gut microbiota-brain axis. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:632-44. [PMID: 26918908 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a gut microbiota-brain axis has emerged to describe the complex and continuous signalling between the gut microbiota and host nervous system. This review examines key microbial-derived neuromodulators and structural components that comprise the gut microbiota-brain axis. To conclude, we briefly identify current challenges in gut microbiota-brain research and suggest a framework to characterize these interactions. Here, we propose five emerging hallmarks of the gut microbiota-brain axis: (i) Indistinguishability, (ii) Emergence, (iii) Bidirectional Signalling, (iv) Critical Window Fluidity and (5) Neural Homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylynda C Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelsey E Huus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|