301
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Ema T, Okita N, Ide S, Sakai T. Highly enantioselective and efficient synthesis of methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate with recombinant E. coli: toward practical and green access to clopidogrel. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1175-6. [PMID: 17406715 DOI: 10.1039/b703463f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate ((R)-), which is an intermediate for a platelet aggregation inhibitor named clopidogrel, was obtained in >99% ee by the asymmetric reduction of methyl o-chlorobenzoylformate (2) (up to 1.0 M) with recombinant E. coli overproducing a versatile carbonyl reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ema
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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302
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Screening, substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of yeast strains, which reduce sterically hindered isopropyl ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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303
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Kalaitzakis D, Rozzell JD, Kambourakis S, Smonou I. Highly stereoselective reductions of alpha-alkyl-1,3-diketones and alpha-alkyl-beta-keto esters catalyzed by isolated NADPH-dependent ketoreductases. Org Lett 2006; 7:4799-801. [PMID: 16235892 DOI: 10.1021/ol051166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The biocatalytic reduction of alpha-alkyl-1,3-diketones and alpha-alkyl-beta-keto esters employing 1 of 20 different isolated NADPH-dependent ketoreductases proved to be a highly efficient method for the preparation of optically pure keto alcohols or hydroxy esters.
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304
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Zhu D, Malik HT, Hua L. Asymmetric ketone reduction by a hyperthermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase. The substrate specificity, enantioselectivity and tolerance of organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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305
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306
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Utsukihara T, Watanabe S, Tomiyama A, Chai W, Horiuchi CA. Stereoselective reduction of ketones by various vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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307
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Wolfson A, Dlugy C, Tavor D, Blumenfeld J, Shotland Y. Baker’s yeast catalyzed asymmetric reduction in glycerol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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308
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Yang W, Xu JH, Xie Y, Xu Y, Zhao G, Lin GQ. Asymmetric reduction of ketones by employing Rhodotorula sp. AS2.2241 and synthesis of the β-blocker (R)-nifenalol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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309
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Hu J, Xu Y. Anti-Prelog Reduction of Prochiral Carbonyl Compounds by Oenococcus oeni in a Biphasic System. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1115-9. [PMID: 16794770 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous-organic biphasic system was established and used with whole cells of Oenococcus oeni to reduce 2-octanone to (R)-2-octanol. The conversion reached 99% when the Tris/borate buffer was increased from 50 mM to 300 mM in the aqueous phase. In addition, the conversion increased as the log P value of the organic solvent changed from 0.5 to 6.6. Under optimized conditions, the conversion of (R)-2-octanol reached 99% from 0.5 M 2-octanone with an optical purity of 99% e.e. The biphasic system allows the anti-Prelog reduction of aliphatic and aromatic ketones to furnish (R)-configurated alcohols in high optical purity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, PR China
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310
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Soni P, Prasad GS, Banerjee UC. Optimization of physicochemical parameters for the enhancement of carbonyl reductase production by Candida viswanathii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2006; 29:149-56. [PMID: 16770591 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-006-0066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions have been optimized for a newly isolated yeast strain Candida viswanathii PBR2 which is capable of reducing a wide variety of aryl ketones with high stereospecificity. Studies on the culture conditions and catalytic performance of this microorganism showed that the carbonyl reductase occurs constitutively in the cells and its production is enhanced by feeding with acetophenone (2 mM) during the early period of cultivation. Mannitol (1%, wv(-1)) was found to be beneficial both for growth and enzyme production. Supplementation of the media with yeast extract (1.0%, wv(-1)) and Ca(2+ ) (4 mM) enhanced the enzyme production. The optimal temperature and pH for the growth and enzyme production were 25 degrees C and 9.0, respectively. Excellent conversions along with almost absolute enantioselectivity were observed when the resting cells of this yeast strain were exploited to carry out the stereoselective reduction of a number of aryl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Soni
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, India
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311
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Asymmetric reduction of ketones using recombinant E. coli cells that produce a versatile carbonyl reductase with high enantioselectivity and broad substrate specificity. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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312
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Fossati E, Polentini F, Carrea G, Riva S. Exploitation of the alcohol dehydrogenase-acetone NADP-regeneration system for the enzymatic preparative-scale production of 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:1216-20. [PMID: 16245351 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a new NADP-regeneration system, based on the use of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-acetone, has been investigated for the regioselective oxidation of cholic acid (1) to 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid (2). Enzymes stabilities and substrate and/or product inhibitory effects under defined synthetic reaction conditions have been evaluated. The optimized system, based on a 4% w/v solution of 1 in a reaction mixture containing 25% v/v acetone, allowed the preparative scale transformation of 1 into 2 with a 92% conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fossati
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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313
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Chu Y, Zhang BL, Silvestre V, Cheng JP. Hydrogen transfer pathways of the asymmetric reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone mediated by baker's yeast. Bioorg Chem 2006; 34:158-66. [PMID: 16712900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen transfer mechanism of cofactor reduction and recycling processes in the yeast reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone was studied by using quantitative isotope tracing close to natural abundance measured by (2)H NMR. In the reaction, the active cofactor is NADPH. The cofactor-transferred hydride attacks the beta sp(2) carbon of the enone carbonyl while water hydrogen is transferred to the alpha position. The reductant involved in the reaction depends on the quantity of yeast. When the amount of yeast is very large, the enzymes use preferentially certain unidentified substance stored in the yeast cells rather than the added glucose as electron donor. In this case, the hydrogen transferred by the cofactor is mainly of water origin. When the yeast amount is low, the added glucose is more efficiently used by the enzymes as electron donor and its hydrogen atoms bound to C-1 and C-3 are delivered to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory on Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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314
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Pollard DJ, Telari K, Lane J, Humphrey G, McWilliams C, Nidositko S, Salmon P, Moore J. Asymmetric reduction of alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone to (R) allylic alcohol by Candida chilensis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:674-86. [PMID: 16395718 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A pilot scale whole cell process was developed for the enantioselective 1,2-reduction of prochiral alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone to (R) allylic alcohol using Candida chilensis. Initial development showed high enantiomeric excess (EE > 95%) but low product yield (10%). Process development, using a combination of statistically designed screening and optimization experiments, improved the desired alcohol yield to 90%. The fermentation growth stage, particularly medium composition and growth pH, had a significant impact on the bioconversion while process characterization identified diverse challenges including the presence of multiple enzymes, substrate/product toxicity, and biphasic cellular morphology. Manipulating the fermentation media allowed control of the whole cell morphology to a predominantly unicellular broth, away from the viscous pseudohyphae, which were detrimental to the bioconversion. The activity of a competing enzyme, which produced the undesired saturated ketone and (R) saturated alcohol, was minimized to < or =5% by controlling the reaction pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and biomass level. Despite the toxicity effects limiting the volumetric productivity, a reproducible and scaleable process was demonstrated at pilot scale with high enantioselectivity (EE > 95%) and overall yield greater than 80%. This was the preferred route compared to a partially purified process using ultra centrifugation, which led to improved volumetric productivity but reduced yield (g/day). The whole cell approach proved to be a valuable alternative to chemical reduction routes, as an intermediate step for the asymmetric synthesis of an integrin receptor antagonist for the inhibition of bone resorption and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Pollard
- Bioprocess R and D, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
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315
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Zhu D, Stearns JE, Ramirez M, Hua L. Enzymatic enantioselective reduction of α-ketoesters by a thermostable 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Bacteroides fragilis. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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316
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Biotransformations of ortho-, meta- and para-aromatic nitrocompounds by strains of Aspergillus terreus: Reduction of ketones and deracemization of alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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317
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Utsukihara T, Misumi O, Kato N, Kuroiwa T, Horiuchi CA. Reduction of various ketones by red algae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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318
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Milagre HMS, Milagre CDF, Moran PJS, Santana MHA, Rodrigues JAR. Asymmetric Bioreduction of Ethyl 3-Halo-2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Immobilized in Ca-Alginate Beads with Double Gel Layer. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op0502497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto M. S. Milagre
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, CEP 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil, and State University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, CP 6066, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia D. F. Milagre
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, CEP 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil, and State University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, CP 6066, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. S. Moran
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, CEP 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil, and State University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, CP 6066, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena A. Santana
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, CEP 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil, and State University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, CP 6066, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J. Augusto R. Rodrigues
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, CEP 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil, and State University of Campinas, School of Chemical Engineering, CP 6066, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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319
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Truppo MD, Kim J, Brower M, Madin A, Sturr MG, Moore JC. A novel resolution of a pharmaceutically important bridged bicyclic ketone intermediate via selective enzymatic reduction with a commercially available ketoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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320
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Shimoda K, Kubota N, Hamada H, Hamada H. Diastereoselective reduction of β-keto carbonyl compounds by cultured plant cells. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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321
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A recombinant ketoreductase tool-box. Assessing the substrate selectivity and stereoselectivity toward the reduction of β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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322
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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323
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Erdélyi B, Szabó A, Seres G, Birincsik L, Ivanics J, Szatzker G, Poppe L. Stereoselective production of (S)-1-aralkyl- and 1-arylethanols by freshly harvested and lyophilized yeast cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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324
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Blanchard N, van de Weghe P. Daucus carota L. mediated bioreduction of prochiral ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2348-53. [PMID: 16763677 DOI: 10.1039/b605233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective reductions of ketones to secondary alcohols are of the utmost importance in organic synthesis. Very high selectivities are observed with traditional reducing agents, mainly based on boron or transition metals, complexed with chiral ligands. Bioreductions mediated by intact cells from cut plants, vegetables and fruits are attractive alternatives and could facilitate transition towards a more biobased economy. This emerging area highlights the recent results obtained in the aqueous bioreduction of prochiral ketones using carrot roots. The applications of this methodology to asymmetric protonation, dynamic kinetic resolution and the synthesis of biologically relevant targets are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanchard
- Chimie Organique Thérapeutique, CNRS UMR 7015, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, Mulhouse, France.
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325
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Kaluzna IA, David Rozzell J, Kambourakis S. Ketoreductases: stereoselective catalysts for the facile synthesis of chiral alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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326
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Poessl T, Kosjek B, Ellmer U, Gruber C, Edegger K, Faber K, Hildebrandt P, Bornscheuer U, Kroutil W. Non-Racemic Halohydrinsvia Biocatalytic Hydrogen-Transfer Reduction of Halo-Ketones and One-Pot Cascade Reaction to Enantiopure Epoxides. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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327
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Makino Y, Inoue K, Dairi T, Itoh N. Engineering of phenylacetaldehyde reductase for efficient substrate conversion in concentrated 2-propanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:4713-20. [PMID: 16085867 PMCID: PMC1183298 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.8.4713-4720.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) is suitable for the conversion of various aryl ketones and 2-alkanones to corresponding chiral alcohols. 2-Propanol acts as a substrate solvent and hydrogen donor of coupled cofactor regeneration during the conversion of substrates catalyzed by PAR. To improve the conversion efficiency in high concentrations of substrate and 2-propanol, selection of a PAR mutant library and the subsequent rearrangement of mutations were attempted. With only a single selection round and following the manual combination of advantageous mutations, PAR was successfully adapted for the conversion of high concentrations of substrate with concentrated 2-propanol. This method will be widely applicable for the engineering of enzymes potentially valuable for industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Makino
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa 5180, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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328
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Caron D, Coughlan AP, Simard M, Bernier J, Piché Y, Chênevert R. Stereoselective reduction of ketones by Daucus carota hairy root cultures. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:713-6. [PMID: 16049739 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-5187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of acetophenone by Daucus carota hairy root cultures afforded (S)-phenylethanol in high yield (96%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (ee>or=98%). Aromatic ketones, keto esters, and a simple aliphatic ketone were reduced with good stereoselectivity (ee=62-98%) and moderate to high chemical yields (25-90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Caron
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, CREFSIP, Université Laval, G1K 7P4, Québec , QC, Canada
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329
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Zhu D, Mukherjee C, Hua L. ‘Green’ synthesis of important pharmaceutical building blocks: enzymatic access to enantiomerically pure α-chloroalcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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330
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Inoue K, Makino Y, Itoh N. Purification and characterization of a novel alcohol dehydrogenase from Leifsonia sp. strain S749: a promising biocatalyst for an asymmetric hydrogen transfer bioreduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3633-41. [PMID: 16000771 PMCID: PMC1169030 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.7.3633-3641.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To find microorganisms that could reduce phenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (PTK) to (S)-1-phenyltrifluoroethanol [(S)-PTE], styrene-assimilating bacteria (ca. 900 strains) isolated from soil samples were screened. We found that Leifsonia sp. strain S749 was the most suitable strain for the conversion of PTK to (S)-PTE in the presence of 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor. The enzyme corresponding to the reaction was purified homogeneity, characterized and designated Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH). The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 110,000 and was composed of four identical subunits (molecular weight, 26,000). LSADH required NADH as a cofactor, showed little activity with NADPH, and reduced a wide variety of aldehydes and ketones. LSADH catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of some ketones with high enantiomeric excesses (e.e.): PTK to (S)-PTE (>99% e.e.), acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% e.e.), and 2-heptanone to (R)-2-heptanol (>99% e.e.) in the presence of 2-propanol without an additional NADH regeneration system. Therefore, it would be a useful biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Inoue
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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331
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Guan H, You S, Yang L, Wang X, Ni R. Newly Detected Specific Hydrogenation of the Conjugated Double Bond of Unsaturated Alkaloid Lactones by Aspergillus sp. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:1189-93. [PMID: 16158262 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new isolate of Aspergillus sp. hydrogenated the gamma,delta-double bond of securinine (143 mg l(-1)) to give 14,15-dihydrosecurinine at over 98% (w/w) yield after 8 h. It also hydrogenated the C11(13) double bond of 3-hydroxy-1(10),3,11(13)-guaiatriene-12,6-olide-2-one (HGT) (200 mg l(-1)) to give 3-hydroxy-1(10),3-guaiadiene-12,6-olide-2-one with over 98% (w/w) conversion after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guan
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
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332
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Inoue K, Makino Y, Itoh N. Production of (R)-chiral alcohols by a hydrogen-transfer bioreduction with NADH-dependent Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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333
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Biocatalytic synthesis of S(−)-1-(1′-naphthyl) ethanol by a novel isolate of Candida viswanathii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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334
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Enantioselective reduction of ortho-substituted acetophenones by bacterial strains isolated from medium enriched with biphenyl or diesel fuel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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335
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Fujieda S, Tomita M, Fuhshuku KI, Ohba S, Nishiyama S, Sugai T. Chemoenzymatic Route to Both Enantiomers of a 1-Isopropyl-3a-methyloctahydroinden-4-one Derivative: A Synthetic Intermediate for Sesqui- and Diterpenoids. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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336
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Milagre HM, Milagre CD, Moran PJ, Santana MHA, Rodrigues JAR. Reduction of ethyl benzoylformate mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in alginate fibers with double gel layers in a continuously operated reactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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337
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Asako H, Wakita R, Matsumura K, Shimizu M, Sakai J, Itoh N. Purification and cDNA cloning of NADPH-dependent aldoketoreductase, involved in asymmetric reduction of methyl 4-bromo-3-oxobutyrate, from Penicillium citrinum IFO4631. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1101-4. [PMID: 15691974 PMCID: PMC546806 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.2.1101-1104.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium citrinum was found to catalyze the reduction of methyl 4-bromo-3-oxobutyrate to methyl (S)-4-bromo-3-hydroxybutyrate [(S)-BHBM] with high optical purity. From the strain, a cDNA clone encoding a novel NADPH-dependent alkyl 4-halo-3-oxobutyrate reductase (KER) was isolated. Escherichia coli cells overexpressing KER produced (S)-BHBM in the presence of an NADPH-regeneration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Asako
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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338
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Itoh KI, Sakamaki H, Nakamura K, Horiuchi CA. Biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of 3-acetylisoxazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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339
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Johanson T, Katz M, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. Strain engineering for stereoselective bioreduction of dicarbonyl compounds by yeast reductases. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5:513-25. [PMID: 15780652 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure chiral molecules are needed in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry as intermediates for the production of drugs or fine chemicals. Microorganisms represent an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis since they have the potential to generate single stereoisomers in high enantiomeric excess (ee). The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can notably reduce dicarbonyl compounds (in particular alpha- and beta-diketones and keto esters) to chiral alcohols with high ee. However, products are formed at a low rate. Moreover, large amounts of co-substrate are required for the regeneration of NADPH that is the preferred co-factor in almost all the known dicarbonyl reductions. Traditionally, better ee, reduction rate and product titre have been achieved via process engineering. The advent of recombinant DNA technology provides an alternative strategy to improve productivity and yield by strain engineering. This review discusses two aspects of strain engineering: (i) the generation of strains with higher reductase activity towards dicarbonyl compounds and (ii) the optimisation of co-substrate utilisation for NADPH cofactor regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Johanson
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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340
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Evaluation of substituent effects on activity and enantioselectivity in the enzymatic reduction of aryl ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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341
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Letondor C, Humbert N, Ward TR. Artificial metalloenzymes based on biotin-avidin technology for the enantioselective reduction of ketones by transfer hydrogenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:4683-7. [PMID: 15772162 PMCID: PMC555699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409684102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most physiological and biotechnological processes rely on molecular recognition between chiral (handed) molecules. Manmade homogeneous catalysts and enzymes offer complementary means for producing enantiopure (single-handed) compounds. As the subtle details that govern chiral discrimination are difficult to predict, improving the performance of such catalysts often relies on trial-and-error procedures. Homogeneous catalysts are optimized by chemical modification of the chiral environment around the metal center. Enzymes can be improved by modification of gene encoding the protein. Incorporation of a biotinylated organometallic catalyst into a host protein (avidin or streptavidin) affords versatile artificial metalloenzymes for the reduction of ketones by transfer hydrogenation. The boric acid.formate mixture was identified as a hydrogen source compatible with these artificial metalloenzymes. A combined chemo-genetic procedure allows us to optimize the activity and selectivity of these hybrid catalysts: up to 94% (R) enantiomeric excess for the reduction of p-methylacetophenone. These artificial metalloenzymes display features reminiscent of both homogeneous catalysts and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Letondor
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue Bellevaux 51, CP 2, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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342
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García-Urdiales E, Alfonso I, Gotor V. Enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrizations in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2005; 105:313-54. [PMID: 15720156 DOI: 10.1021/cr040640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Urdiales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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343
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Asymmetric reduction of a variety of ketones with a recombinant carbonyl reductase: identification of the gene encoding a versatile biocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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344
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Assessing substrate acceptance and enantioselectivity of yeast reductases in reactions with substituted α-keto β-lactams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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345
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346
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Soni P, Banerjee UC. Biotransformations for the production of the chiral drug (S)-Duloxetine catalyzed by a novel isolate of Candida tropicalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 67:771-7. [PMID: 15660213 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A yeast strain, Candida tropicalis PBR-2, isolated from soil, is capable of carrying out the enantioselective reduction of N,N-dimethyl-3-keto-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine to (S)-N,N-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)-1-propanamine, a key intermediate in the synthesis of the chiral drug (S)-Duloxetine. The organism produced the enantiopure (S)-alcohol with a good yield (> 80%) and almost absolute enantioselectivity, with an enantiomeric excess (ee) > 99%. Parameters of the bioreduction reaction were optimized and the optimal temperature and pH for the reduction were found to be 30 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. The optimized substrate and the resting cell concentration were 1 g/l and 250 g/l, respectively. The preparative-scale reaction using resting cells of C. tropicalis yielded the (S)-alcohol at 84-88% conversion and ee > 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Soni
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, India
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347
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Olofsson L, Nicholls IA, Wikman S. TBADH activity in water-miscible organic solvents: correlations between enzyme performance, enantioselectivity and protein structure through spectroscopic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:750-5. [PMID: 15731860 DOI: 10.1039/b418040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective reduction of 2-pentanone to (R)- and (S)-2-pentanol by Thermoanaerobacter (formerly Thermoanaerobium) brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH) in mixtures of water and water-miscible organic solvents was investigated. Significant enzymatic activity was retained in up to 87% methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. The changes in enzyme activity as a function of organic solvent were correlated to structural alterations of TBADH with a series of spectroscopic studies (fluorescence, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism (CD)). Interestingly, this study shows that the tetrameric form of TBADH is not critical for catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Olofsson
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
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348
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Andrade LH, Keppler AF, Schoenlein-Crusius IH, Porto AL, Comasseto JV. Evaluation of acetophenone monooxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in different fungal strains by biotransformation of acetophenone derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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349
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Shimoda K, Kubota N, Hamada H, Yamane SY, Hirata T. Asymmetric Transformation of Enones withSynechococcussp. PCC 7942. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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350
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Perrone MG, Santandrea E, Scilimati A, Syldatk C, Tortorella V, Capitelli F, Bertolasi V. Diastereo- and enantioselective bioreduction of ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3-oxobutanoate clofibrate analogues by Kluyveromyces marxianus and other whole cell biocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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