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Liang Y, Zhou Z, Wang H, Cheng X, Zhong S, Zhao C. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with epilepsy risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 98:27-35. [PMID: 31299529 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the association between certain genotypes or alleles of the APOE (Apolipoprotein E) gene and the epilepsy risk. METHODS All studies on human APOE genotypes associated with epilepsy were included. Separate meta-analyses were conducted between the patients with epilepsy and the control group from the following three aspects: ε4 carriers or ε2 carriers vs ε3/ε3 (the ε2/ε4 genotype was excluded), ε4 carriers vs ε2 carriers, and five genotypes vs ε3/ε3. The subgroup analysis was conducted on the ethnicity, the control group was healthy or not, and type of epilepsy. RESULTS Nine studies with 2210 individuals were included. Compared with ε3/ε3 genotype, ε4 carriers increased the epilepsy risk (odds ratios [ORs]: 1.27; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.01 to 1.59; P = 0.042), while ε2 carriers had no association with epilepsy risk (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.18; P = 0.184). The risk of epilepsy was 1.45 times greater in ε4 carriers compared with ε2 carriers (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.04; P = 0.037). When the number of APOE ε4 allele increased, the ORs increased progressively (no ε4 alleles, OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.18; one ε4 allele, OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.57; two ε4 alleles, OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.83 to 4.10). Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers had a higher epilepsy risk in the population without primary diseases (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.88), and a higher risk in Asian populations (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.49). CONCLUSIONS Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele genotype was associated with an increased epilepsy risk, which was more prominent in the Asian and the population without primary diseases. These findings may be used to guide the directions of prevention and treatment on epilepsy. Larger clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huibin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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302
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Horvath A, Kiss M, Szucs A, Kamondi A. Precuneus-Dominant Degeneration of Parietal Lobe Is at Risk of Epilepsy in Mild Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:878. [PMID: 31507508 PMCID: PMC6713905 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive decline. Epilepsy is a frequent comorbid condition of AD. While previous studies analyzed the risk factors of AD-related epileptic seizures, we still lack biomarkers of epilepsy in mild AD cases. Purpose: The aim of our study was to analyze the correlations between neuropsychology, cortical thickness, and brain volumetric measurements in mild Alzheimer patients with concomitant epileptic seizures. Materials and methods: We selected mild AD patients from our database to examine them with structural magnetic resonance imaging, 24 h electroencephalography, and detailed neuropsychology. We made the diagnosis of epilepsy based on epileptology data including neurophysiology. We retrospectively analyzed the neuropsychology pattern, clinical and epidemiologic features, cortical thickness, and volumetric values of mild AD patients with and without overt clinical seizures using covariance weighted general linear model. Results: We found epileptic seizures in 26% of mild AD patients. Patients with seizures performed worse in visuo-spatial scores than patients without (p = 0.003). Patients with seizures had smaller parietal thickness (p = 0.018), being associated to reduced thickness of left (p = 0.007), and right precunei (p = 0.005). The visuo-spatial performance positively and strongly correlated with the thickness of the parietal lobe (r = 0.67; p = 0.002) and with the volume of the precuneus (r = 0.612; p = 0.005). Conclusion: Epileptic seizures are common even in mild AD. We found that a prominent deficit in visuo-spatial skills is a red flag for epileptic seizures in the initial phase of AD, indicating the early involvement of parietal lobe in the neurodegenerative process. Because our findings suggest that the degeneration of precuneus is a sensitive marker of seizures associated to mild AD, clinicians need to pay special attention to the pattern of atrophy shown by structural MRI. Our results confirm previous data suggesting that epileptic seizures might be associated to a faster progressing type of AD with the early degeneration of posterior cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Horvath
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mate Kiss
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szucs
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Kamondi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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303
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McAvoy KM, Rajamohamed Sait H, Marsh G, Peterson M, Reynolds TL, Gagnon J, Geisler S, Leach P, Roberts C, Cahir-McFarland E, Ransohoff RM, Crotti A. Cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects of neuronal BIN1 loss in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220125. [PMID: 31408457 PMCID: PMC6692034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BIN1 is the most important risk locus for Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD), after ApoE. BIN1 AD-associated SNPs correlate with Tau deposition as well as with brain atrophy. Furthermore, the level of neuronal-specific BIN1 isoform 1 protein is decreased in sporadic AD cases in parallel with neuronal loss, despite an overall increase in BIN1 total mRNA. To address the relationship between reduction of BIN1 and neuronal cell loss in the context of Tau pathology, we knocked-down endogenous murine Bin1 via stereotaxic injection of AAV-Bin1 shRNA in the hippocampus of mice expressing Tau P301S (PS19). We observed a statistically significant reduction in the number of neurons in the hippocampus of mice injected with AAV-Bin1 shRNA in comparison with mice injected with AAV control. To investigate whether neuronal loss is due to deletion of Bin1 selectively in neurons in presence Tau P301S, we bred Bin1flox/flox with Thy1-Cre and subsequently with PS19 mice. Mice lacking neuronal Bin1 and expressing Tau P301S showed increased mortality, without increased neuropathology, when compared to neuronal Bin1 and Tau P301S-expressing mice. The loss of Bin1 isoform 1 resulted in reduced excitability in primary neurons in vitro, reduced neuronal c-fos expression as well as in altered microglia transcriptome in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that the contribution of genetic variation in BIN1 locus to AD risk could result from a cell-autonomous reduction of neuronal excitability due to Bin1 decrease, exacerbated by the presence of aggregated Tau, coupled with a non-cell autonomous microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jake Gagnon
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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304
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H S N, Paudel YN, K L K. Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk. Life Sci 2019; 233:116686. [PMID: 31348946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate and aggravate epileptic seizures affecting around 1% of global population making it a serious health concern. Despite the recent advances in epilepsy research, no disease-modifying treatment able to terminate epileptogenesis have been reported yet reflecting the complexity in understanding the disease pathogenesis. To overcome the current treatment gap against epilepsy, one effective approach is to explore anti-epileptic effects from a drug that are approved to treat non-epileptic diseases. In this regard, Metformin emerged as an ideal candidate which is a first line treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has conferred neuroprotection in several in vivo neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Huntington's diseases (HD) including epilepsy. In addition, Metformin has ameliorated cognitive alteration, learning and memory induced by epilepsy as well as in animal model of AD. Herein, we review the promising findings demonstrated upon Metformin treatment against animal model of epilepsy however, the precise underlying mechanism of anti-epileptic potential of Metformin is not well understood. However, there is a growing understanding that Metformin demonstrates its anti-epileptic effect mainly via ameliorating brain oxidative damage, activation of AMPK, inhibition of mTOR pathway, downregulation of α-synuclein, reducing apoptosis, downregulation of BDNF and TrkB level. These reflects that Metformin being non-anti-epileptic drug (AED) has a potential to ameliorate the cellular pathways that were impaired in epilepsy reflecting its therapeutical potential against epileptic seizure that might plausibly overcome the limitations of today epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini H S
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Krishna K L
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
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305
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Hirokawa Y, Fujimoto A, Ichikawa N, Sato K, Tanaka T, Enoki H, Otsuki Y, Okanishi T. Temporal Lobe Cavernous Malformation Caused Epileptic Amnesic Episodes and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:620. [PMID: 31249550 PMCID: PMC6582224 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary changes. AD is characterized by memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction, with some reports associating these impairments with hyperexcitability caused by Aβ in the medial temporal lobe. Epileptic seizures are known to be common in AD. We encountered a 65-year-old patient with cavernous malformation (CM) in the right temporal lobe who exhibited epileptic amnesia (EA) and AD-like symptoms. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG), including long-term video-EEG, showed no interictal discharges, but intraoperative subdural electrode (SE) recording from the right parahippocampal area showed frequent epileptiform discharges. Neuropathologically, senile plaques were found in the surrounding normal cortex of the CM. Postoperatively, the patient has remained free of EA and AD-like symptoms since total removal of the CM. This is the first surgical case report to confirm temporal lobe hyperexcitability associated with EA and AD-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keishiro Sato
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tokutaro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideo Enoki
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Otsuki
- Department of Pathology, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei-Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
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306
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Powell G, Ziso B, Larner AJ. The overlap between epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease and the consequences for treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:653-661. [PMID: 31238746 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1629289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease may be associated with both clinical and subclinical epileptic seizure activity. Once regarded as an epiphenomenon, epileptiform activity may, in fact, be an integral part of the Alzheimer's phenotype, and may be not only a symptomatic therapeutic target but also a possible mechanism to retard or prevent disease progression. Areas covered: The authors review clinical research articles with a focus on the semiology, epidemiology, and treatment of seizures in Alzheimer's disease, and also look at some experimental animal model studies which have informed clinical thinking on seizure aetiopathogenesis. The evidence base for treatment decisions is sparse. A brief overview of the clinical assessment of Alzheimer's disease patients considering relevant differential diagnoses and diagnostic pitfalls is presented. Expert opinion: Studies of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease have become more frequent over the last 5-10 years. Understanding of seizure semiology, epidemiology, and possible pathogenesis has increased. However, the optimal management of seizures in this context remains unknown, largely due to the paucity of studies sufficient to examine this question. Clearly, such studies will be required, not only to inform clinicians about symptomatic control of seizures in Alzheimer's disease but also to investigate whether this might impact on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Powell
- a Mersey Regional Epilepsy Clinic , Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery , Liverpool , UK
| | - Besa Ziso
- a Mersey Regional Epilepsy Clinic , Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery , Liverpool , UK
| | - A J Larner
- b Cognitive Function Clinic , Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery , Liverpool , UK
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307
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Baker J, Libretto T, Henley W, Zeman A. The prevalence and clinical features of epileptic seizures in a memory clinic population. Seizure 2019; 71:83-92. [PMID: 31226566 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and clinical features of epileptic seizures occurring in a memory clinic population. METHOD We recruited patients receiving a diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at a regional memory clinic. We interviewed patients and informants using a proforma designed to elicit symptoms suggestive of epilepsy. Informants also completed the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory- Revised (CBI-R). Patients underwent cognitive testing using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - III (ACE-III). We also recruited an age- and gender- matched control group with no history of cognitive impairment. Diagnoses of dementia/MCI were checked against current diagnostic criteria. RESULTS We recruited 144 patients (mean age 77.98, mean ACE-III 74.16, 124 with dementia, 20 with MCI). We diagnosed epilepsy in 25.7%: probable in 12.5% (17 with dementia, 1 with MCI), possible 13.2% (18 with dementia, 1 with MCI). Seizure features included altered responsiveness, speech/behavioural arrest, oral/pharyngeal automatism, olfactory/gustatory aura, focal motor seizure, other sensory phenomena (including hallucination), and amnesia on waking. Epilepsy prevalence was significantly increased in the dementia and MCI group vs controls (p = 0.004). Cognitive performance in the patient groups did not distinguish those in whom epilepsy was suspected from those in whom it was not. Patients in whom epilepsy was suspected were more impaired on informant completed measures of daily function. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of epilepsy is increased in dementia. The seizures are often subtle and easily missed. The presence of epilepsy predicts more severe impairment in the activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baker
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology, University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, UK.
| | - Tina Libretto
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, RD&E NHS FT, UK; University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - William Henley
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Adam Zeman
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology, University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, UK
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308
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Horváth A, Szűcs A, Hidasi Z, Csukly G, Barcs G, Kamondi A. Prevalence, Semiology, and Risk Factors of Epilepsy in Alzheimer's Disease: An Ambulatory EEG Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1045-1054. [PMID: 29710705 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of cognitive decline. A growing body of evidence suggests that AD patients have a higher risk to develop epileptic seizures; however, results are contradictory due to different methodological approaches of previous studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the prevalence, semiology, and risk factors of epilepsy in AD using long-term EEG. METHODS We selected forty-two AD patients and examined them using 24-hour ambulatory EEG. Neurological and epileptological data were collected with retro- and prospective methods. We analyzed the semiology of the identified seizures and the possible risk factors using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We identified seizures confirmed by EEG in 24%. The majority of the seizures were aware focal (72%) without any motor activity (55%). We found epileptiform discharges without seizures in 28%. Patients with seizures and only with epileptic EEG activity showed similar clinical and demographical features. Higher education (OR:1.8) and lower Addenbrooke Examination Score (OR: 0.9) were identified as risk factors of epilepsy. Increase of 0.1 point in the Verbal-Language/Orientation-Memory ratio (VLOM) was associated with higher epilepsy risk as well (OR:2.9). CONCLUSION Epilepsy is a frequent comorbidity of AD. Since most of the seizures are aware non-motor focal seizures, sensitive EEG techniques are required for precise diagnosis of epilepsy. Long-term ambulatory EEG is a safe and well-tolerated option. Epileptiform EEG in AD signals the presence of concomitant epilepsy. Clinicians have to pay attention to comorbid epilepsy in dementia patients with high education, with high VLOM ratio and severe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Horváth
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Hungary
| | - Anna Szűcs
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hidasi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barcs
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Hungary
| | - Anita Kamondi
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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309
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Chen L, Lin J, Yi J, Weng Q, Zhou Y, Han Z, Li C, Chen J, Zhang Q. A tyrosinase-induced fluorescence immunoassay for detection of tau protein using dopamine-functionalized CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5277-5285. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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310
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Estrogen-Dominant Ovarian Cycle Stages Are Associated with Neural Network Dysfunction and Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits in the hAPP-J20 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. eNeuro 2019; 6:6/3/ENEURO.0179-19.2019. [PMID: 31147386 PMCID: PMC6565846 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0179-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlighted Research Paper:Ovarian Cycle Stages Modulate Alzheimer-Related Cognitive and Brain Network Alterations in Female Mice, by Lauren Broestl, Kurtresha Worden, Arturo J. Moreno, Emily J. Davis, Dan Wang, Bayardo Garay, Tanya Singh, Laure Verret, Jorge J. Palop, and Dena B. Dubal
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311
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Ton HT, Yang L, Xie Z. Sevoflurane increases locomotion activity in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206649. [PMID: 31112538 PMCID: PMC6528997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations show emergence of agitation and hyperactivity during the anesthesia induction and/or recovery period post-anesthesia. However, an animal model to illustrate this clinical phenomenon has not yet been established. We therefore set out to investigate whether sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, could alter locomotion in mice during the anesthesia induction and recovery period post-anesthesia. The activity of the mice was recorded 5 minutes before, during (for 30 minutes), and 40 minutes after the administration of the anesthetic sevoflurane [1-, 1.5- and 2-fold minimum alveolar concentration] at 370 C. The total walking distance and velocity of movement were measured and quantified as the indexes of locomotion. We found that the anesthetic sevoflurane increased the locomotion of the mice during the induction period of the anesthesia. During the recovery phase after anesthesia, the mice exhibited increased locomotion for a short period of time (about 5 minutes) and then displayed a sharp decrease in mobility for up to 60 minutes following the end of anesthesia administration. The anesthetic sevoflurane did not significantly alter the food intake and body weight of the mice. Furthermore, we found that Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice exhibited a greater degree of sevoflurane-induced hyperactivity than the wild-type mice did. Our results showed that inhalation of the anesthetic sevoflurane induced an acute hyperactivity in mice, particularly among Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice. These findings from the pilot studies have established an animal model to promote further studies into postoperative emergence agitation, hyperactivity and the underlying mechanisms into these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai T. Ton
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | - Lei Yang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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312
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Matsusaki M, Kanemura S, Kinoshita M, Lee YH, Inaba K, Okumura M. The Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family: from proteostasis to pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129338. [PMID: 30986509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, nearly one-third of proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they undergo oxidative folding and chaperoning assisted by approximately 20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs). PDIs consist of multiple thioredoxin-like domains and recognize a wide variety of proteins via highly conserved interdomain flexibility. Although PDIs have been studied intensely for almost 50 years, exactly how they maintain protein homeostasis in the ER remains unknown, and is important not only for fundamental biological understanding but also for protein misfolding- and aggregation-related pathophysiology. Herein, we review recent advances in structural biology and biophysical approaches that explore the underlying mechanism by which PDIs fulfil their distinct functions to promote productive protein folding and scavenge misfolded proteins in the ER, the primary factory for efficient production of the secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen 2-1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Misaki Kinoshita
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk 28199, South Korea; Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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313
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Asadollahi M, Atazadeh M, Noroozian M. Seizure in Alzheimer's Disease: An Underestimated Phenomenon. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:81-88. [PMID: 30595042 PMCID: PMC10852457 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518813551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as a potential risk factor for the development of seizure due to neurodegeneration and imbalance between stimulatory and inhibitory circuits in the brain. Seizure could occur in any point during the course of AD, and its presentation varies from fluctuation in cognitive domains to more typical seizures. The clinical diagnosis of seizure in patients with dementia may be challenging due to difficulty in history taking and clinical assessment. No paraclinic methods other than electroencephalogram (EEG) could provide arguments for the diagnosis of AD-related seizures (neither imaging modalities nor cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers). Standard 30-minute EEG may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect epileptiform discharges. In the present study, we aim to review different aspects of seizure in AD, including seizure prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, electroencephalographic findings, clinical presentations, impact of seizures on AD, and treatment options.
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314
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Unsupervised excitation: GABAergic dysfunctions in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 2019; 1707:216-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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315
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Barragán Martínez D, García Soldevilla M, Parra Santiago A, Tejeiro Martínez J. Enfermedad de Alzheimer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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316
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Abstract
Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) show the neuropathological changes of Alzheimer disease (AD) by the age of 40 years. This association is partially due to overexpression of amyloid precursor protein, encoded by APP, as a result of the location of this gene on chromosome 21. Amyloid-β accumulates in the brain across the lifespan of people with DS, which provides a unique opportunity to understand the temporal progression of AD and the epigenetic factors that contribute to the age of dementia onset. This age dependency in the development of AD in DS can inform research into the presentation of AD in the general population, in whom a longitudinal perspective of the disease is not often available. Comparison of the risk profiles, biomarker profiles and genetic profiles of adults with DS with those of individuals with AD in the general population can help to determine common and distinct pathways as well as mechanisms underlying increased risk of dementia. This Review evaluates the similarities and differences between the pathological cascades and genetics underpinning DS and AD with the aim of providing a platform for common exploration of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira T Lott
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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317
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Kishimoto Y, Kasamatsu S, Yanai S, Endo S, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP attenuates context-dependent fear memory in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:141-147. [PMID: 30773263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is endogenously produced via nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling pathways and it reacts with protein thiol residues to add cGMP structure to proteins through S-guanylation. S-Guanylation occurs on synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), which is a part of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex that regulates exocytosis. However, the biological relevance of 8-nitro-cGMP in the nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP on mouse brain functions. The results of an open-field test and fear-conditioning task revealed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP decreased the vertical activity and context-dependent fear memory of mice, which are both associated with the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased c-Fos-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in 8-nitro-cGMP-infused mice. Further, biochemical analyses showed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP increased S-guanylated proteins including SNAP-25 and SNARE complex formation as well as decreased complexes containing complexin, which regulates exocytosis by binding to the SNARE complex, in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that accumulation of 8-nitro-cGMP in the hippocampus affects its functions, including memory, via S-guanylation of hippocampal proteins such as SNAP-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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318
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Kubista H, Boehm S, Hotka M. The Paroxysmal Depolarization Shift: Reconsidering Its Role in Epilepsy, Epileptogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030577. [PMID: 30699993 PMCID: PMC6387313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDS) have been described by epileptologists for the first time several decades ago, but controversy still exists to date regarding their role in epilepsy. In addition to the initial view of a lack of such a role, seemingly opposing hypotheses on epileptogenic and anti-ictogenic effects of PDS have emerged. Hence, PDS may provide novel targets for epilepsy therapy. Evidence for the roles of PDS has often been obtained from investigations of the multi-unit correlate of PDS, an electrographic spike termed “interictal” because of its occurrence during seizure-free periods of epilepsy patients. Meanwhile, interictal spikes have been found to be associated with neuronal diseases other than epilepsy, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, which may indicate a broader implication of PDS in neuropathologies. In this article, we give an introduction to PDS and review evidence that links PDS to pro- as well as anti-epileptic mechanisms, and to other types of neuronal dysfunction. The perturbation of neuronal membrane voltage and of intracellular Ca2+ that comes with PDS offers many conceivable pathomechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. Out of these, the operation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, which play a major role in coupling excitation to long-lasting neuronal changes, is addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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319
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Transcriptomic immaturity inducible by neural hyperexcitation is shared by multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Commun Biol 2019; 2:32. [PMID: 30675529 PMCID: PMC6342824 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated to excitatory/inhibitory imbalances in neural transmission and abnormal maturation. Here, we characterized different disease conditions by mapping changes in the expression patterns of maturation-related genes whose expression was altered by experimental neural hyperexcitation in published studies. This analysis revealed two gene expression patterns: decreases in maturity markers and increases in immaturity markers. These two groups of genes were characterized by the over-representation of genes related to synaptic function and chromosomal modification, respectively. Using these two groups in a transdiagnostic analysis of 87 disease datasets for eight neuropsychiatric disorders and 12 datasets from corresponding animal models, we found that transcriptomic pseudoimmaturity inducible by neural hyperexcitation is shared by multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer disorders, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our results indicate that this endophenotype serves as a basis for the transdiagnostic characterization of these disorders. Tomoyuki Murano et al. showed that neural hyperexcitation increases the expression of immaturity related genes. These changes in gene expression are shared among different neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions, hinting at their potential role as biomarkers.
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320
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Sun J, Martin JM, Vanderpoel V, Sumbria RK. The Promises and Challenges of Erythropoietin for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:12-24. [PMID: 30656553 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid-beta protein deposits represent the major pathological hallmarks of the disease. Currently available treatments provide some symptomatic relief but fail to modify primary pathological processes that underlie the disease. Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic growth factor, acts primarily to stimulate erythroid cell production, and is clinically used to treat anemia. EPO has evolved as a therapeutic agent for neurodegeneration and has improved neurological outcomes and AD pathology in rodents. However, penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and negative hematopoietic effects are the two major challenges for the therapeutic development of EPO for chronic neurodegenerative diseases like AD. The transferrin receptors at the BBB, which are responsible for transporting transferrin-bound iron from the blood into the brain parenchyma, can be used to shuttle therapeutic molecules across the BBB. In this review, we discuss the role of EPO as a potential neurotherapeutic for AD, challenges associated with EPO development for AD, and targeting the BBB transferrin receptor for EPO brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Jan Michelle Martin
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA.
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321
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Feyissa AM. Brivaracetam in the treatment of epilepsy: a review of clinical trial data. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2587-2600. [PMID: 31571877 PMCID: PMC6750854 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s143548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brivaracetam (BRV), an analog of levetiracetam (LEV), was discovered during a target-based rational drug discovery program that aimed to identify potent synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligands. Among the 12,000 compounds screened in vitro, BRV was found to have 15-30 times greater affinity for SV2A and faster brain permeability than LEV. Although preclinical and post-marketing studies suggest broad spectrum of efficacy, BRV is currently only approved as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy of focal-onset seizures in patients age 4 years and older. This review examines the use of BRV as add-on (5-200 mg/day) therapy for epilepsy with a particular emphasis on the six regulatory randomized clinical trialsinvolving 2399 participants. Participants receiving BRV add-on at doses of 50-200 mg/day were more likely to experience a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (pooled risk ratio [RR]) 1.79 with 95% CI of 1.51-2.12) than those receiving placebo. Participants receiving BRV were also more likely to attain seizure freedom (57 [3.3%] vs 4 [0.5%]; RR 4.74, 95% CI 2.00-11.25) than those receiving placebo. In addition, BRV demonstrated a favorable safety profile similar to placebo across all BRV doses. Treatment emergent adverse events significantly associated with BRV were irritability, fatigue, somnolence, and dizziness. Post-hoc analysis of regulatory trials, post-marketing studies, and indirect comparison meta-analyses demonstrated equivalent efficacy and better tolerability of BRV when compared to other antiseizure drugs. Further, these studies appear to suggest that behavioral adverse events are likely to be less frequent and less severe with BRV than LEV. Therefore, switching to BRV may be considered for patients who have seizure control with LEV, but who cannot tolerate its behavioral adverse effects. In this setting, immediate switch from LEV to BRV at a 10:1-15:1 ratio without titration is feasible. Further research is needed to examine the long-term tolerability and efficacy of BRV as well as its role in the treatment of other types of epilepsies, particularly dementia-related epilepsy and brain tumor-related epilepsy.
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322
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Degeneration of cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei after focally evoked status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:76-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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323
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Abstract
After more than 85 years of development and use in clinical practice, the electroencephalogram (EEG) remains a dependable, inexpensive, and useful diagnostic tool for the investigation of the electrophysiologic activity of the brain. The advent of digital technology has led to greater sophistication and multiple software applications to extend the utility of EEG beyond the confines of the laboratory. Despite the discovery of new waveforms, basic neurophysiologic principles remain essential to the clinical care of patients. Patterns in the interictal EEG make it possible to clarify the differential diagnosis of paroxysmal neurological events, classify seizure type and epilepsy syndromes, and characterize and quantify seizures when ictal recordings are obtained. EEG can also demonstrate cerebral dysfunction when structural imaging is normal to detect focal or lateralized abnormalities in patients with encephalopathy. High-density EEG with electrical source imaging has improved localization in candidates for epilepsy surgery. Quantitative EEG and broadband EEG are advancing our understanding of the functional processes of the brain itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh M Feyissa
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - William O Tatum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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324
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Ovarian Cycle Stages Modulate Alzheimer-Related Cognitive and Brain Network Alterations in Female Mice. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0132-17. [PMID: 30627643 PMCID: PMC6325547 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0132-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) begins several decades before the onset of clinical symptoms, at a time when women may still undergo reproductive cycling. Whether ovarian functions alter substrates of AD pathogenesis is unknown. Here we show that ovarian cycle stages significantly modulate AD-related alterations in neural network patterns, cognitive impairments, and pathogenic protein production in the hAPP-J20 mouse model of AD. Female hAPP mice spent more time in estrogen-dominant cycle stages and these ovarian stages worsened AD-related network dysfunction and cognitive impairments. In contrast, progesterone-dominant stages and gonadectomy attenuated these AD-related deficits. Further studies revealed a direct role for estradiol in stimulating neural network excitability and susceptibility to seizures in hAPP mice and increasing amyloid beta levels. Understanding dynamic effects of the ovarian cycle on the female nervous system in disease, including AD, is of critical importance and may differ from effects on a healthy brain. The pattern of ovarian cycle effects on disease-related networks, cognition, and pathogenic protein expression may be relevant to young women at risk for AD.
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325
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Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Rey CC, Lejards C, Dahan L, Verret L. Early disruption of parvalbumin expression and perineuronal nets in the hippocampus of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease can be rescued by enriched environment. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:147-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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326
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Garg N, Joshi R, Medhi B. Cracking novel shared targets between epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease: need of the hour. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:425-442. [PMID: 29329108 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are interconnected. It is well known that seizures are linked with cognitive impairment, and there are various shared etiologies between epilepsy and AD. The connection between hyperexcitability of neurons and cognitive dysfunction in the progression of AD or epileptogenesis plays a vital role for improving selection of treatment for both diseases. Traditionally, seizures occur less frequently and in later stages of age in patients with AD which in turn implies that neurodegeneration causes seizures. The role of seizures in early stages of pathogenesis of AD is still an issue to be resolved. So, it is well timed to analyze the common pathways involved in pathophysiology of AD and epilepsy. The present review focuses on similar potential underlying mechanisms which may be related to the causes of seizures in epilepsy and cognitive impairment in AD. The proposed review will focus on many possible newer targets like abnormal expression of various enzymes like GSK-3β, PP2A, PKC, tau hyperphosphorylation, MMPs, caspases, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with number of neurodegenerative diseases linked with epilepsy. The brief about the prospective line of treatment of both diseases will also be discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 1600142, Punjab, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 1600142, Punjab, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 1600142, Punjab, India, e-mail:
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327
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Stoiljkovic M, Kelley C, Horvath TL, Hajós M. Neurophysiological signals as predictive translational biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease treatment: effects of donepezil on neuronal network oscillations in TgF344-AD rats. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:105. [PMID: 30301466 PMCID: PMC6178257 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology provides evidence that accumulation of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau, neuropathological hallmarks of AD, is associated with complex disturbances in synaptic and neuronal function leading to oscillatory abnormalities in the neuronal networks that support memory and cognition. Accordingly, our recent study on transgenic TgF344-AD rats modeling AD showed an age-dependent reduction of stimulation-induced oscillations in the hippocampus, and disrupted long-range connectivity together with enhanced neuronal excitability in the cortex, reflected in greatly increased expression of high-voltage spindles, an epileptic absence seizure-like activity. To better understand the translational value of observed oscillatory abnormalities in these rats, we examine here the effects of donepezil, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor clinically approved for AD treatment. METHODS Brainstem nucleus pontis oralis stimulation-induced hippocampal oscillations were recorded under urethane anesthesia in adult (6-month-old) and aged (12-month-old) TgF344-AD and wild-type rats. Spontaneous cortical activity was monitored in a cohort of freely behaving aged rats implanted with frontal and occipital cortical electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of donepezil significantly augmented stimulation-induced hippocampal theta oscillation in aged wild-type rats and both adult and aged TgF344-AD rats, which have been previously shown to have diminished response to nucleus pontis oralis stimulation. Moreover, in adult TgF344-AD rats, donepezil also significantly increased theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling in the hippocampus during stimulation. However, neither of these effects were significantly changed in adult wild-type rats. Under freely behaving conditions, donepezil treatment had the opposite effect on cortical oscillatory connectivity in TgF344-AD and wild-type rats, and it reduced the occurrence of high-voltage spindle activity in TgF344-AD rats. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results imply that pharmacologically enhancing cholinergic tone with donepezil could partially reverse oscillatory abnormalities in TgF344-AD rats, which is in line with its clinical effectiveness in AD patients. Therefore, our study suggests good translational opportunities for these neurophysiological signals recorded in TgF344-AD rats, and their application could be considered in drug discovery efforts for developing therapies with disease-modifying potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Stoiljkovic
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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328
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Howard P, Remi J, Remi C, Charlesworth S, Whalley H, Bhatia R, Hitchens M, Mihalyo M, Wilcock A. Levetiracetam. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 56:645-649. [PMID: 30036676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic Reviews aim to provide essential independent information for health professionals about drugs used in palliative and hospice care. Additional content is available on www.palliativedrugs.com. The series editors welcome feedback on the articles (hq@palliativedrugs.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Howard
- Mountbatten Hospice, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Remi
- University Hospital of Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Helen Whalley
- The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mary Mihalyo
- Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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329
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Dumbacher M, Van Dooren T, Princen K, De Witte K, Farinelli M, Lievens S, Tavernier J, Dehaen W, Wera S, Winderickx J, Allasia S, Kilonda A, Spieser S, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Hoogenraad CC, Griffioen G. Modifying Rap1-signalling by targeting Pde6δ is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:50. [PMID: 30257685 PMCID: PMC6158915 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and hyperactivity play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and progression. Amyloid-beta together with non-genetic risk-factors of Alzheimer’s disease contributes to increased Ca2+ influx and aberrant neuronal activity, which accelerates neurodegeneration in a feed-forward fashion. As such, identifying new targets and drugs to modulate excessive Ca2+ signalling and neuronal hyperactivity, without overly suppressing them, has promising therapeutic potential. Methods Here we show, using biochemical, electrophysiological, imaging, and behavioural tools, that pharmacological modulation of Rap1 signalling by inhibiting its interaction with Pde6δ normalises disease associated Ca2+ aberrations and neuronal activity, conferring neuroprotection in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Results The newly identified inhibitors of the Rap1-Pde6δ interaction counteract AD phenotypes, by reconfiguring Rap1 signalling underlying synaptic efficacy, Ca2+ influx, and neuronal repolarisation, without adverse effects in-cellulo or in-vivo. Thus, modulation of Rap1 by Pde6δ accommodates key mechanisms underlying neuronal activity, and therefore represents a promising new drug target for early or late intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion Targeting the Pde6δ-Rap1 interaction has promising therapeutic potential for disorders characterised by neuronal hyperactivity, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0283-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dumbacher
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van Dooren
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Katrien Princen
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Koen De Witte
- reMYND NV, Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Mélissa Farinelli
- E-Phy-Science, IPMC, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sam Lievens
- Orionis Biosciences, Technologiepark 12B, Zwijnaarde-Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Lab, Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f - box 2404, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Wera
- ViroVet NV, Ambachtenlaan 1, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2433, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Sara Allasia
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Amuri Kilonda
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Spieser
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Cistim Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven-Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.,Center for Drug Design and Development (CD3), KU Leuven, Waaistraat 6, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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330
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Inflammasome-derived cytokine IL18 suppresses amyloid-induced seizures in Alzheimer-prone mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9002-9007. [PMID: 30127003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801802115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive destruction and dysfunction of central neurons. AD patients commonly have unprovoked seizures compared with age-matched controls. Amyloid peptide-related inflammation is thought to be an important aspect of AD pathogenesis. We previously reported that NLRP3 inflammasome KO mice, when bred into APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice, are completely protected from amyloid-induced AD-like disease, presumably because they cannot produce mature IL1β or IL18. To test the role of IL18, we bred IL18KO mice with APP/PS1 mice. Surprisingly, IL18KO/APP/PS1 mice developed a lethal seizure disorder that was completely reversed by the anticonvulsant levetiracetam. IL18-deficient AD mice showed a lower threshold in chemically induced seizures and a selective increase in gene expression related to increased neuronal activity. IL18-deficient AD mice exhibited increased excitatory synaptic proteins, spine density, and basal excitatory synaptic transmission that contributed to seizure activity. This study identifies a role for IL18 in suppressing aberrant neuronal transmission in AD.
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331
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Tang Y, Lutz MW, Xing Y. A systems-based model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 15:168-171. [PMID: 30102884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease has been developed to accelerate drug discovery and offer a common structure and language to construct new Alzheimer's disease conceptual models. However, as a "complex" disease, a model based on systems-level understanding is needed to accommodate the complex, interacting etiologic pathways and the system-level changes associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and interventions that are currently known and which will be identified in the future. To accomplish this, the evolution of the structure of the research framework itself should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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332
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Ali I, Silva JC, Liu S, Shultz SR, Kwan P, Jones NC, O'Brien TJ. Targeting neurodegeneration to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 123:100-109. [PMID: 30099094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for developing new therapeutic targets for post-traumatic epilepsies (PTE), identifying mechanisms relevant to development and progression of disease is critical. A growing body of literature suggests involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the pathophysiology of acquired epilepsies, including following traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this review, we discuss the potential of some of these mechanisms to be targets for the development of a therapy against PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrish Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juliana C Silva
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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333
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Jin N, Lipponen A, Koivisto H, Gurevicius K, Tanila H. Increased cortical beta power and spike-wave discharges in middle-aged APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:127-141. [PMID: 30138766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid plaque-forming transgenic mice display neuronal hyperexcitability, epilepsy, and sudden deaths in early adulthood. However, it is unknown whether hyperexcitability persists until middle ages when memory impairment manifests. We recorded multichannel video electroencephalography (EEG), local field potentials, and auditory evoked potentials in transgenic mice carrying mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1) genes and wild-type littermates at 14-16 months and compared the results with data we have earlier collected from 4-month-old mice. Furthermore, we monitored acoustic startle responses in other APP/PS1 and wild-type mice from 3 to 11 months of age. Independent of the age APP/PS1 mice demonstrated increased cortical power at 8-60 Hz. They also displayed over 5-fold increase in the occurrence of spike-wave discharges and augmented auditory evoked potentials compared with nontransgenic littermates. In contrast to evoked potentials, APP/PS1 mice showed normalization of acoustic startle responses with aging. Increased cortical power and spike-wave discharges provide powerful new biomarkers to monitor progression of amyloid pathology in preclinical intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxiang Jin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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334
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DiFrancesco JC, Tremolizzo L, Polonia V, Giussani G, Bianchi E, Franchi C, Nobili A, Appollonio I, Beghi E, Ferrarese C. Adult-Onset Epilepsy in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease: A Retrospective Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1267-1274. [PMID: 28968234 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of epilepsy with onset in adulthood increases with age, mainly due to the accumulation of brain damage. However, a significant proportion of patients experience seizures of unknown cause. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with an increased risk of seizures. Seizure activity is interpreted as a secondary event related to hyperexcitability caused by amyloid-β aggregation. OBJECTIVE Since neurodegenerative processes begin several years before clinical symptoms, epilepsy could be more frequent in the presymptomatic stages of dementia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of epilepsy of unknown origin with adult onset before cognitive decline in a large cohort of AD patients (EPS-AD) recruited based on clinical and neuropsychological data. Data of patients with epilepsy followed by AD were compared with two control groups: patients with AD without seizures (no EPS-AD) and a large reference population (RP). RESULTS In AD patients, the prevalence of epilepsy of unknown origin, with onset in the adulthood before cognitive decline is 17.1 times higher compared with the RP (95% CI: 10.3-28.3). In EPS-AD, seizures begin on average 4.6 years (median 2.0) before the onset of cognitive symptoms and cognitive decline starts 3.6 years earlier compared with noEPS-AD. CONCLUSIONS Neurodegenerative processes of dementia could play a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy in a subgroup of individuals intended to develop cognitive decline. Adult-onset epilepsy of undefined cause could thus represent a risk factor for the ongoing neurodegenerative damage, even preceding by years the onset of clinical symptoms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo C DiFrancesco
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Polonia
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giussani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Institute for Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Institute for Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Institute for Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Institute for Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Ildebrando Appollonio
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Institute for Pharmacological Research "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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335
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Cretin B. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treating epilepsy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1201-1209. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1496237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cretin
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Service de Neurologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre Mémoire, de Ressources et de Recherche d’Alsace (Strasbourg-Colmar), Strasbourg, France
- ICube laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, team IMIS/Neurocrypto, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Compétences des démences rares des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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336
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Pavlov PF, Hutter-Paier B, Havas D, Windisch M, Winblad B. Development of GMP-1 a molecular chaperone network modulator protecting mitochondrial function and its assessment in fly and mice models of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3464-3474. [PMID: 29704317 PMCID: PMC6010752 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease. It has been shown that amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) interact with mitochondria contributing to the mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Prevention of abnormal protein targeting to mitochondria can protect normal mitochondrial function, increase neuronal survival and at the end, ameliorate symptoms of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. First steps of mitochondrial protein import are coordinated by molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 that bind to the newly synthesized mitochondria-destined proteins and deliver them to the protein import receptors on the surface of organelle. Here, we have described the development of a novel compound named GMP-1 that disrupts interactions between Hsp70/Hsp90 molecular chaperones and protein import receptor Tom70. GMP-1 treatment of SH-SY5Y cells results in decrease in mitochondria-associated APP and protects SH-SY5Y cells from toxic effect of Aβ1-42 exposure. Experiments in drosophila and mice models of AD demonstrated neuroprotective effect of GMP-1 treatment, improvement in memory and behaviour tests as well as restoration of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel F Pavlov
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neuroscience Care and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- GreatMatterPharma AB, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neuroscience Care and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- GreatMatterPharma AB, Solna, Sweden
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337
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Liu D, Lu H, Stein E, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Mattson MP. Brain regional synchronous activity predicts tauopathy in 3×TgAD mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:160-169. [PMID: 30015035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and by extensive neuronal loss associated with extracellular amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal tau pathology in temporal and parietal lobes. AD patients are at increased risk for epileptic seizures, and data from experimental models of AD suggest that aberrant neuronal network activity occurs early in the disease process before cognitive deficits and neuronal degeneration. The contributions of Aβ and/or tau pathologies to dysregulation of neuronal network activity are unclear. Using a transgenic mouse model of AD (3×TgAD mice) in which there occurs differential age-dependent development of tau and Aβ plaque pathologies, we applied analysis of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging regional homogeneity, a measure of local synchronous activity, to discriminate the effects of Aβ and tau on neuronal network activity throughout the brain. Compared to age-matched wild-type mice, 6- to 8-month-old 3×TgAD mice exhibited increased regional homogeneity in the hippocampus and parietal and temporal cortices, regions with tau pathology but not Aβ pathology at this age. By 18-24 months of age, 3×TgAD mice exhibited extensive tau and Aβ pathologies involving the hippocampus and multiple functionally related brain regions, with a spatial expansion of increased local synchronous activity to include those regions. Our findings demonstrate that age-related brain regional hypersynchronous activity is associated with early tau pathology in a mouse model, consistent with a role for early tau pathology in the neuronal circuit hyperexcitability that is believed to precede and contribute to neuronal degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhujuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.
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338
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Leighton PLA, Kanyo R, Neil GJ, Pollock NM, Allison WT. Prion gene paralogs are dispensable for early zebrafish development and have nonadditive roles in seizure susceptibility. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12576-12592. [PMID: 29903907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Normally folded prion protein (PrPC) and its functions in healthy brains remain underappreciated compared with the intense study of its misfolded forms ("prions," PrPSc) during the pathobiology of prion diseases. This impedes the development of therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's and prion diseases. Disrupting the zebrafish homologs of PrPC has provided novel insights; however, mutagenesis of the zebrafish paralog prp2 did not recapitulate previous dramatic developmental phenotypes, suggesting redundancy with the prp1 paralog. Here, we generated zebrafish prp1 loss-of-function mutant alleles and dual prp1-/-;prp2-/- mutants. Zebrafish prp1-/- and dual prp1-/-;prp2-/- mutants resemble mammalian Prnp knockouts insofar as they lack overt phenotypes, which surprisingly contrasts with reports of severe developmental phenotypes when either prp1 or prp2 is knocked down acutely. Previous studies suggest that PrPC participates in neural cell development/adhesion, including in zebrafish where loss of prp2 affects adhesion and deposition patterns of lateral line neuromasts. In contrast with the expectation that prp1's functions would be redundant to prp2, they appear to have opposing functions in lateral line neurodevelopment. Similarly, loss of prp1 blunted the seizure susceptibility phenotypes observed in prp2 mutants, contrasting the expected exacerbation of phenotypes if these prion gene paralogs were serving redundant roles. In summary, prion mutant fish lack the overt phenotypes previously predicted, and instead they have subtle phenotypes similar to mammals. No evidence was found for functional redundancy in the zebrafish prion gene paralogs, and the phenotypes observed when each gene is disrupted individually are consistent with ancient functions of prion proteins in neurodevelopment and modulation of neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L A Leighton
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Richard Kanyo
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Gavin J Neil
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Niall M Pollock
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Prion and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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339
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Mattson MP, Arumugam TV. Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1176-1199. [PMID: 29874566 PMCID: PMC6039826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network activity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, the accrual of oxidatively modified molecules and organelles, and inflammation. These alterations render the aging brain vulnerable to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and stroke. Emerging findings are revealing mechanisms by which sedentary overindulgent lifestyles accelerate brain aging, whereas lifestyles that include intermittent bioenergetic challenges (exercise, fasting, and intellectual challenges) foster healthy brain aging. Here we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular biology of brain aging, how those processes interface with disease-specific neurodegenerative pathways, and how metabolic states influence brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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340
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Beagle AJ, Darwish SM, Ranasinghe KG, La AL, Karageorgiou E, Vossel KA. Relative Incidence of Seizures and Myoclonus in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:211-223. [PMID: 28826176 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more prone to seizures and myoclonus, but relative risk of these symptoms among other dementia types is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine incidence of seizures and myoclonus in the three most common neurodegenerative dementias: AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS Our institution's medical records were reviewed for new-onset unprovoked seizures and myoclonus in patients meeting criteria for AD (n = 1,320), DLB (n = 178), and FTD (n = 348). Cumulative probabilities of developing seizures and myoclonus were compared between diagnostic groups, whereas age-stratified incidence rates were determined relative to control populations. RESULTS The cumulative probability of developing seizures after disease onset was 11.5% overall, highest in AD (13.4%) and DLB (14.7%) and lowest in FTD (3.0%). The cumulative probability of developing myoclonus was 42.1% overall, highest in DLB (58.1%). The seizure incidence rates, relative to control populations, were nearly 10-fold in AD and DLB, and 6-fold in FTD. Relative seizure rates increased with earlier age-at-onset in AD (age <50, 127-fold; 50-69, 21-fold; 70+, 2-fold) and FTD (age <50, 53-fold; 50-69, 9-fold), and relative myoclonus rates increased with earlier age-at-onset in all groups. Seizures began an average of 3.9 years after the onset of cognitive or motor decline, and myoclonus began 5.4 years after onset. CONCLUSIONS Seizures and myoclonus occur with greater incidence in patients with AD, DLB, and FTD than in the general population, but rates vary with diagnosis, suggesting varied pathomechanisms of network hyperexcitability. Patients often experience these symptoms early in disease, suggesting hyperexcitability could be an important target for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Beagle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sonja M Darwish
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alice L La
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elissaios Karageorgiou
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Neurological Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Keith A Vossel
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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341
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Sánchez MP, García-Cabrero AM, Sánchez-Elexpuru G, Burgos DF, Serratosa JM. Tau-Induced Pathology in Epilepsy and Dementia: Notions from Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041092. [PMID: 29621183 PMCID: PMC5979593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with dementia present epilepsy more frequently than the general population. Seizures are more common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) than in other dementias. Missense mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene have been found to cause familial FTD and PSP, while the P301S mutation in MAPT has been associated with early-onset fast progressive dementia and the presence of seizures. Brains of patients with AD, LBD, FTD and PSP show hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, amyloid-β plaques and neuropil threads. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of overlapping mechanisms related to the generation of network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. Neuronal overexpression of tau with various mutations found in FTD with parkinsonism-linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) in mice produces epileptic activity. On the other hand, the use of certain antiepileptic drugs in animal models with AD prevents cognitive impairment. Further efforts should be made to search for plausible common targets for both conditions. Moreover, attempts should also be made to evaluate the use of drugs targeting tau and amyloid-β as suitable pharmacological interventions in epileptic disorders. The diagnosis of dementia and epilepsy in early stages of those diseases may be helpful for the initiation of treatments that could prevent the generation of epileptic activity and cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana M García-Cabrero
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Protein Tools Unit, Biotechnology National Center (CNB/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gentzane Sánchez-Elexpuru
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, IIS (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria/Health Research Institute)-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, UAM (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Autonomous University of Madrid) and Biomedical Research Network Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28045 Madrid, Spain.
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342
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Alberti A, Thomas B, Marchal C. Spécificités de la prise en charge de l’épilepsie chez le sujet âgé. Presse Med 2018; 47:261-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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343
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Fujimoto A, Okanishi T, Masuda Y, Sato K, Nishimura M, Baba S, Itamura S, Homma Y, Enoki H. Short duration of focal onset awareness and impaired awareness seizure are characteristic features of epilepsy in elderly patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2879-2887. [PMID: 30464472 PMCID: PMC6214591 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s179720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosing epilepsy in the elderly population can be difficult due to mimicking symptoms. Furthermore, epileptic symptoms can also be masked by various symptoms. We hypothesized that elderly patients with epilepsy exhibit specific clinical features among the various symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2009 to 2017, 177 patients who were older than 65 years were referred to our epilepsy center. Out of this group, the onset of symptoms occurred after reaching the age of 50 years in 152 of the patients, who were additionally being treated at our clinic. We divided their symptoms in accordance with their consciousness levels, which were defined as follows: full wakefulness level I, impaired awareness level II, and loss of consciousness level III. We also classified the duration of the symptoms as <10 seconds, ≥10 seconds but <1 minute, ≥1 minute but <5 minutes, ≥5 minutes but <10 minutes, ≥10 minutes but <1 hour, and ≥1 hour. RESULTS Among the 152 patients analyzed (mean age 72.9 years, standard deviation 6.71, range 65-92), 84 patients had epilepsy (epilepsy group) while 68 did not exhibit epilepsy (nonepilepsy group). For the consciousness levels, there were more level I patients in the nonepilepsy vs epilepsy group (P<0.028), with symptom duration lasting <1 minute (sensitivity 0.857, specificity 1) in the epilepsy group. In contrast, there were more level II patients in the epilepsy vs the nonepilepsy group (P=0.015), with the duration of symptoms lasting <1 minute (sensitivity 0.8125, specificity 0.930) in the epilepsy group. For the level III consciousness, convulsions were more commonly seen in the epilepsy group (P=0.044). CONCLUSION Symptoms that last <1 minute with awareness and impaired awareness might be epileptic in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Yosuke Masuda
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Keishiro Sato
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Mitsuyo Nishimura
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Shimpei Baba
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Shinji Itamura
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
| | - Yoichiro Homma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Enoki
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan,
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344
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Sotiropoulos I, Galas MC, Silva JM, Skoulakis E, Wegmann S, Maina MB, Blum D, Sayas CL, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E, Spillantini MG, Sousa N, Avila J, Medina M, Mudher A, Buee L. Atypical, non-standard functions of the microtubule associated Tau protein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:91. [PMID: 29187252 PMCID: PMC5707803 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) over 40 years ago, most studies have focused on Tau's role in microtubule stability and regulation, as well as on the neuropathological consequences of Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. In recent years, however, research efforts identified new interaction partners and different sub-cellular localizations for Tau suggesting additional roles beyond its standard function as microtubule regulating protein. Moreover, despite the increasing research focus on AD over the last decades, Tau was only recently considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of AD as well as for neurological pathologies beyond AD e.g. epilepsy, excitotoxicity, and environmental stress. This review will focus on atypical, non-standard roles of Tau on neuronal function and dysfunction in AD and other neurological pathologies providing novel insights about neuroplastic and neuropathological implications of Tau in both the central and the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
| | | | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Efthimios Skoulakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mahmoud Bukar Maina
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Carmen Laura Sayas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Institute, Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jesus Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valderrebollo 5, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amrit Mudher
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Campus, Center for Biological Sciences, Southampton, UK
| | - Luc Buee
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, 59000, Lille, France
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345
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Matsudaira T, Omote Y, Terada T, Kondo A, Obi T, Ouchi Y, Inoue Y. Reversible amygdala enlargement: a longitudinal observation of a patient with elderly onset temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol 2017; 264:2487-2490. [PMID: 29067519 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsudaira
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Omote
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Obi
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yushi Inoue
- National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, NHO, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8688, Japan
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346
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Di Bonaventura C, Labate A, Maschio M, Meletti S, Russo E. AMPA receptors and perampanel behind selected epilepsies: current evidence and future perspectives. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1751-1764. [PMID: 29023170 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1392509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the major mediators of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission, and are critical for synchronization and spread of epileptic activity. Areas covered: AMPA receptor antagonists have been also developed as antiepileptic drugs and perampanel (PER) is the first highly selective, non-competitive AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonist that is available on the market. It is approved as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization, and for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, in patients aged ≥ 12 years. This article reviews the role of AMPA receptors in the neuronal hyperexcitability underlying epilepsy, the mechanism of action and clinical experience on the anti-seizure activity of PER. Moreover, the rationale for targeting AMPA receptor in specific epileptic disorders, including brain tumor-related epilepsy, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with/without hippocampal sclerosis, and status epilepticus is evaluated. Finally, the pharmacological rationale for the development of AMPA receptor antagonists in other neurological disorders beyond epilepsy is considered. Expert opinion: Further research aimed at better understanding the pharmacology and blocking mechanism of PER and other AMPA receptor antagonists will drive future development of therapeutic agents that target epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Bonaventura
- a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Neurology Unit , 'Sapienza' University , Rome , Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- b Institute of Neurology , University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy.,c Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of the National Research Council , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Marta Maschio
- d Center for Tumor-related Epilepsy, UOSD Neurology , Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- e Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- f Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine and Surgery , University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
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347
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Hu T, Xiao Z, Mao R, Chen B, Lu MN, Tong J, Mei R, Li SS, Xiao ZC, Zhang LF, Xiyang YB. Navβ2 knockdown improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice by partially inhibiting seizures and APP amyloid processing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99284-99295. [PMID: 29245901 PMCID: PMC5725092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels beta 2 (Navβ2, encoded by SCN2B) is a substrate of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and regulates cell surface expression of channels in neurons. Previous studies reported enhanced Navβ2 processing by BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model and patients. We investigated whether changes in Navβ2 expression affect neuronal seizure and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in an AD mouse model. Our study used eight-month-old APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice and transgenic Navβ2 knockdown [by 61% vs. wild type (WT)] APP/PS1 mice (APP/PS1/Navβ2-kd), with age-matched WT and Navβ2 knockdown (Navβ2-kd) mice as controls. We found that Navβ2 knockdown in APP/PS1 mice partially reversed the abnormal Navβ2 cleavage and the changes in intracellular and total Nav1.1α expression. It also restored sodium currents density in hippocampal neurons and neuronal activity, as indicated by EEG tracing; improved Morris water maze performance; and shifted APP amyloidogenic metabolism towards non-amyloidogenic processing. There were no differences in these indicators between WT and Navβ2-kd mice. These results suggest Navβ2 knockdown may be a promising strategy for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jun Tong
- Physical Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
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348
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Tun MZ, Soo WK, Wu K, Kane R. Dementia with Lewy bodies presenting as probable epileptic seizure. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221454. [PMID: 28954753 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the case of an 83-year-old man admitted to the hospital after losing control of his vehicle due to an unexplained episode of altered consciousness. This occurred on a background of multiple similar episodes associated with acute confusion, superimposed on a gradual cognitive decline spanning 6 years. Organic aetiologies for delirium were excluded and CT and MRI of the brain were negative for cerebrovascular accidents or other epileptogenic foci. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was negative for epileptiform activity. A diagnosis of seizure in the setting of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was deemed probable. Subsequent brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and flurodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) studies supported the underlying diagnosis of DLB. Acute changes in consciousness or cognition are often related to strokes or seizures in the older person. As illustrated in this case, however, it is important to consider alternative comorbidities that may coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Z Tun
- Geriatric Medicine, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wee Kheng Soo
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Geriatric Medicine, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Wu
- Geriatric Medicine, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Kane
- Geriatric Medicine, Eastern Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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349
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Burke JF, Peters A, Rolston JD. Intracranial Electroencephalography for Alzheimer's. Neurosurgery 2017; 81:N23-N24. [PMID: 28859460 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John F Burke
- Department of Neurological Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California
| | - Angela Peters
- Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah
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350
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Sarkis RA, Willment KC, Gale SA, Dworetzky BA. Recurrent Epileptic Auras As a Presenting Symptom of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2017; 8:360. [PMID: 28790971 PMCID: PMC5522840 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures are a common co-morbidity during the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a subset of patients may be one of the presenting symptoms. In this case series, we highlight three patients with recurrent medically refractory epileptic auras whose work up ultimately lead to the diagnosis of AD. All three patients underwent prolonged EEG, serial neuropsychological testing, FDG-PET, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and MRI. CSF biomarkers were particularly helpful in two cases. These cases highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion for AD in new onset "idiopathic" epilepsy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani A Sarkis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kim C Willment
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seth A Gale
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barbara A Dworetzky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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