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Manna D, Roy G, Mugesh G. Antithyroid drugs and their analogues: synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2706-15. [PMID: 23883148 DOI: 10.1021/ar4001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for the development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. They regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. In this Account, we discuss the synthesis, structure, and mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and their analogues. The prohormone thyroxine (T4) is synthesized on thyroglobulin by thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a heme enzyme that uses iodide and hydrogen peroxide to perform iodination and phenolic coupling reactions. The monodeiodination of T4 to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) by selenium-containing deiodinases (ID-1, ID-2) is a key step in the activation of thyroid hormones. The type 3 deiodinase (ID-3) catalyzes the deactivation of thyroid hormone in a process that removes iodine selectively from the tyrosyl ring of T4 to produce 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3). Several physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone synthesis. The overproduction of thyroid hormones leads to hyperthyroidism, which is treated by antithyroid drugs that either inhibit the thyroid hormone biosynthesis and/or decrease the conversion of T4 to T3. Antithyroid drugs are thiourea-based compounds, which include propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole (MMI), and carbimazole (CBZ). The thyroid gland actively concentrates these heterocyclic compounds against a concentration gradient. Recently, the selenium analogues of PTU, MMI, and CBZ attracted significant attention because the selenium moiety in these compounds has a higher nucleophilicity than that of the sulfur moiety. Researchers have developed new methods for the synthesis of the selenium compounds. Several experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that the selone (C═Se) in the selenium analogues is more polarized than the thione (C═S) in the sulfur compounds, and the selones exist predominantly in their zwitterionic forms. Although the thionamide-based antithyroid drugs have been used for almost 70 years, the mechanism of their action is not completely understood. Most investigations have revealed that MMI and PTU irreversibly inhibit TPO. PTU, MTU, and their selenium analogues also inhibit ID-1, most likely by reacting with the selenenyl iodide intermediate. The good ID-1 inhibitory activity of PTU and its analogues can be ascribed to the presence of the -N(H)-C(═O)- functionality that can form hydrogen bonds with nearby amino acid residues in the selenenyl sulfide state. In addition to the TPO and ID-1 inhibition, the selenium analogues are very good antioxidants. In the presence of cellular reducing agents such as GSH, these compounds catalytically reduce hydrogen peroxide. They can also efficiently scavenge peroxynitrite, a potent biological oxidant and nitrating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Manna
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gouriprasanna Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri 203207, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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304
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Jiang L, Zhu HZ, Xu YZ, Ni JZ, Zhang Y, Liu Q. Comparative selenoproteome analysis reveals a reduced utilization of selenium in parasitic platyhelminthes. PeerJ 2013; 1:e202. [PMID: 24255816 PMCID: PMC3828610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The selenocysteine(Sec)-containing proteins, selenoproteins, are an important group of proteins present in all three kingdoms of life. Although the selenoproteomes of many organisms have been analyzed, systematic studies on selenoproteins in platyhelminthes are still lacking. Moreover, comparison of selenoproteomes between free-living and parasitic animals is rarely studied. Results. In this study, three representative organisms (Schmidtea mediterranea, Schistosoma japonicum and Taenia solium) were selected for comparative analysis of selenoproteomes in Platyhelminthes. Using a SelGenAmic-based selenoprotein prediction algorithm, a total of 37 selenoprotein genes were identified in these organisms. The size of selenoproteomes and selenoprotein families were found to be associated with different lifestyles: free-living organisms have larger selenoproteome whereas parasitic lifestyle corresponds to reduced selenoproteomes. Five selenoproteins, SelT, Sel15, GPx, SPS2 and TR, were found to be present in all examined platyhelminthes as well as almost all sequenced animals, suggesting their essential role in metazoans. Finally, a new splicing form of SelW that lacked the first exon was found to be present in S. japonicum. Conclusions. Our data provide a first glance into the selenoproteomes of organisms in the phylum Platyhelminthes and may help understand function and evolutionary dynamics of selenium utilization in diversified metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China ; College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , PR China
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305
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Vernekar AA, Mugesh G. Catalytic reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets by glutathione peroxidase mimetics reveals a new structural motif in graphene oxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:16699-706. [PMID: 24281813 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimics is reported. This study reveals that GO contains peroxide functionalities, in addition to the epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups that have been identified earlier. It also is shown that GO acts as a peroxide substrate in the GPx-like catalytic activity of organoselenium/tellurium compounds. The reaction of tellurol, generated from the corresponding ditelluride, reduces GO through the glutathione (GSH)-mediated cleavage of the peroxide linkage. The mechanism of GO reduction by the tellurol in the presence of GSH involves the formation of a tellurenic acid and tellurenyl sulfide intermediates. Interestingly, the GPx mimics also catalyze the decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid functionality in GO at ambient conditions. Whereas the selenium/tellurium-mediated catalytic reduction/decarboxylation of GO may find applications in bioremediation processes, this study suggests that the modification of GO by biologically relevant compounds such as redox proteins must be taken into account when using GO for biomedical applications because such modifications can alter the fundamental properties of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Vernekar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 (India), Fax: (+91) 80 2360 1552
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306
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Parashiva Prabhu C, Phadnis PP, Wadawale A, Priyadarsini KI, Jain VK. One-pot synthesis of phenylseleno N-acetyl α-amino acids: Supra-molecular self-assembling in organoselenium compounds. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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307
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The early research and development of ebselen. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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308
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McNeil NMR, Matz MC, Back TG. Fluxional Cyclic Seleninate Ester: NMR and Computational Studies, Glutathione Peroxidase-like Behavior, and Unexpected Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10369-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401757m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. R. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Marie C. Matz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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309
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Singh BG, Thomas E, Sawant SN, Takahashi K, Dedachi K, Iwaoka M, Priyadarsini KI. Radical Cations of Aromatic Selenium Compounds: Role of Se···X Nonbonding Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9259-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kenchi Dedachi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Michio Iwaoka
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokai University, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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310
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Zhu X, Xu Y, Han H, Guo Z, Wei X. N-(2-Methyl-phen-yl)-1,2-benzoselen-azol-3(2H)-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o1538. [PMID: 24098225 PMCID: PMC3790406 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813024744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IN THE TITLE EBSELEN [SYSTEMATIC NAME: (2-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one)] analogue, C14H11NOSe, the benzisoselenazolyl moiety (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0209 Å) is nearly perpendicular to the N-arenyl ring, making a dihedral angle of 78.15 (11)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and Se⋯O inter-actions into chains along the c-axis direction. The Se⋯O distance [2.733 (3) Å] is longer than that in Ebselen (2.571 (3) Å].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wei
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s Republic of China
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311
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Uyeturk U, Terzi EH, Kemahli E, Gucuk A, Tosun M, Çetinkaya A. Alleviation of kidney damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction in rats by Rhodiola rosea. J Endourol 2013; 27:1272-6. [PMID: 23806024 DOI: 10.1089/end.2013.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of Rhodiola rosea extract in terms of alleviating the renal damage induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty Wistar albino male rats were divided into five groups: (I) Control, (II) UUO 7 days, (III) UUO 7 days+extract,(IV) UUO 14 days, and (V) UUO 14 days+extract. Seven or 14 days after the initiation of the experimental procedure, the left kidneys of rats in all five groups were removed for histological examination, and their blood was drawn for biochemical measurements. RESULT Median malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were, respectively, 39.4 (5.04) nmol/mL and 25.8 (8.01) nmol/minute/mL in group I, 77.9 (12.38) nmol/mL and 5.8 (1.95) nmol/minute/mL in group II, 48.7 (12.1) nmol/mL and 9.1 (2.3) nmol/minute/mL in group III, 58.5 (23.83) nmol/mL and 8.4 (2.1) nmol/minute/mL in group IV, and 44.8 (4.97) nmol/mL and 13.8 (3.73) nmol/minute/mL in group V. There was a statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of MDA and GPx levels (p<0.05 for both). The median numbers of apoptotic cells were 1 (1), 8 (2.25), 3 (1.25), 23.5 (9), and 7 (I) in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. There was a statistically siginificant difference among the groups in terms of apoptotic cell number (p<0.05). CONCLUSION R. rosea extract was shown to alleviate the renal damage induced by UUO through its antioxidant effects. The mechanism by which R. rosea extract causes these effects merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Uyeturk
- 1 Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University , Bolu, Turkey
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312
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Men T, Zhang X, Yang J, Shen B, Li X, Chen D, Wang J. The rs1050450 C > T polymorphism of GPX1 is associated with the risk of bladder but not prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:269-75. [PMID: 23975365 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme counteracting oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism may modulate cancer risk, but the association of GPX1 rs1050450 polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PCa) is still inconclusive. This meta-analysis was designed to determine the exact association of GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism with the risk of bladder cancer and prostate cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association strength. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to retrieve eligible studies. In total, ten eligible studies with 6,194 participants were included. By pooling all eligible studies, we found that carriers of the variant T allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of urinary tract cancer (T vs. C: OR = 1.459 and 95% CI, 1.086-1.962; CT/TT vs. CC: OR = 1.411 and 95 % CI, 1.053-1.891). In stratified analysis, we observed that the rs1050450 C > T polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of BC (T vs. C: OR = 2.111 and 95% CI, 1.020-4.368; CT/TT vs. CC: OR = 1.876 and 95% CI, 1.011-3.480), while the association was not significant for PCa. Egger's test and Begg's test revealed no publication bias. The present meta-analysis provides evidence that the GPX1 rs1050450 C > T polymorphism leads to an increased risk of BC but not the risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Men
- Department of Urology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 283 Jingwu Rd, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250012, China
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313
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Bayse CA, Ortwine KN. Modeling the Glutathione Peroxidase-Like Activity of a Cyclic Seleninate by DFT and Solvent-Assisted Proton Exchange. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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314
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Poon JF, Singh VP, Engman L. In Search of Catalytic Antioxidants—(Alkyltelluro)phenols, (Alkyltelluro)resorcinols, and Bis(alkyltelluro)phenols. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6008-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400703w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-fei Poon
- Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry, BMC, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry, BMC, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Lars Engman
- Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry, BMC, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala,
Sweden
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315
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Jiao A, Zhou X, Xu X, Jin Z. Molecular dynamics simulations of cyclodextrin–cumene hydroperoxide complexes in water. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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316
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Kunstelj M, Fidler K, Škrajnar Š, Kenig M, Smilović V, Kusterle M, Caserman S, Zore I, Porekar VG, Jevševar S. Cysteine-Specific PEGylation of rhG-CSF via Selenylsulfide Bond. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:889-96. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3005232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menči Kunstelj
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Katarina Fidler
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Špela Škrajnar
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Maja Kenig
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Vanja Smilović
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Mateja Kusterle
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | - Simon Caserman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Zore
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
| | | | - Simona Jevševar
- Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš,
Slovenia
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317
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Yu F, Li P, Wang B, Han K. Reversible near-infrared fluorescent probe introducing tellurium to mimetic glutathione peroxidase for monitoring the redox cycles between peroxynitrite and glutathione in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7674-80. [PMID: 23621710 DOI: 10.1021/ja401360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite and glutathione is closely associated with the physiological and pathological processes, e.g. vascular tissue prolonged relaxation and smooth muscle preparations, attenuation hepatic necrosis, and activation matrix metalloproteinase-2. We report a near-infrared fluorescent probe based on heptamethine cyanine, which integrates with telluroenzyme mimics for monitoring the changes of ONOO(-)/GSH levels in cells and in vivo. The probe can reversibly respond to ONOO(-) and GSH and exhibits high selectivity, sensitivity, and mitochondrial target. It is successfully applied to visualize the changes of redox cycles during the outbreak of ONOO(-) and the antioxidant GSH repair in cells and animal. The probe would provide a significant advance on the redox events involved in the cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Moleclar Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, China 116023
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318
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Lulla A, Pino MA, Piętka-Ottlik M, Młochowski J, Sparavalo O, Billack B. Ebselen Reduces the Toxicity of Mechlorethamine in A-431 Cells via Inhibition of Apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:313-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Lulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University; Jamaica; NY; 11439; USA
| | - Maria A. Pino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University; Jamaica; NY; 11439; USA
| | - Magdalena Piętka-Ottlik
- Department of Organic Technology; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology; PL 50-370 Wrocław; Poland
| | - Jacek Młochowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology; PL 50-370 Wrocław; Poland
| | - Oleksiy Sparavalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University; Jamaica; NY; 11439; USA
| | - Blase Billack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University; Jamaica; NY; 11439; USA
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319
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Jiang B, Xiao S, Khan MA, Xue M. Defective antioxidant systems in cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2003-9. [PMID: 23616011 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a great problem for woman health, as it is the second deadly cancer of females worldwide. The infection of human papilloma virus (HPV) is the major risk factor for this cancer, although several other factors are also associated. Oxidative stress or antioxidant deficiency has been frequently identified to be associated with cervical cancer. Defects in the antioxidant enzyme systems are reported to play important role behind this antioxidant deficiency, which is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species and ultimately, DNA damage in cervical cells. In response, cells become more vulnerable to HPV infection for cervical cancer development. Recently, antioxidant therapies or dietary supplementation of antioxidants have gained considerable interests in the cervical cancer treatment. In this study, we have reviewed the association of defective antioxidant systems and cervical cancer development. The recent advances in both of the basic and clinical research focusing on possible antioxidant therapy have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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320
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Amorati R, Valgimigli L, Dinér P, Bakhtiari K, Saeedi M, Engman L. Multi-faceted Reactivity of Alkyltellurophenols Towards Peroxyl Radicals: Catalytic Antioxidant Versus Thiol-Depletion Effect. Chemistry 2013; 19:7510-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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321
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Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant effect of new mono and diselenides. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1433-9. [PMID: 23499633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the antioxidant activity in vitro of novel mono- and diselenide compounds. We compared whether the formation of p-methyl-selenol from compounds 1-phenyl-3-(p-tolylselanyl)propan-2-amine (C1) and 1,2-dip-tolyldiselenide (C4) and o-methoxy-selenol from compounds 1-(2-methoxyphenylselanyl)-3-phenylpropan-2-amine (C2) and 1,2-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)diselenide (C3) may be involved in their antioxidant effects. The compounds were tested against Fe(II) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain and liver homogenates. Likewise, the antioxidant capacity of the compounds was assessed by their ability to decolorize the DPPH radical as well as the Fe(II) chelating assay through the reduction of molybdenum(VI) (Mo6+) to molybdenum(V) (Mo5+). This colorimetric assay was also used to quantify thiol peroxidase (GPx) and oxidase activity and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. The results showed that the novel selenide compounds inhibit the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants, but the monoselenides effects were significant only at concentrations higher than the concentrations of the diselenides. Similarly, the total antioxidant activity was higher in the diselenides. Moreover, GPx and TrxR activity was only observed for the diselenides, which indicates that these compounds are more stable selenol molecules than monoselenides.
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322
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Singh VP, Poon JF, Engman L. Turning Pyridoxine into a Catalytic Chain-Breaking and Hydroperoxide-Decomposing Antioxidant. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1478-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3024297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia-fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Engman
- Department of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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323
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Jiao A, Yang N, Xu X, Jin Z. Study on the intermediate ions formed by glutathione peroxidase mimic 2,2'-ditellurobis(2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin) by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:319-324. [PMID: 23239379 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 2,2'-Ditellurobis(2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin) (2-TeCD) is one of the most well-known glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimics. However, because the critical reaction intermediates had not previously been isolated or directly detected due to its short lifetime, the catalytic mechanism of 2-TeCD is not very clear and further experiments are needed to characterize each of the intermediates in the catalytic cycle. METHODS Using electrospray ionization mass (and tandem) spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS) experiments, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the expense of glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by 2-TeCD was monitored on-line. RESULTS The key intermediates were successfully intercepted and structurally characterized for the first time by coupling a microreactor on-line to the ESI ion source, which permitted the fast screening of intermediates directly from solution. CONCLUSIONS The catalytic mechanism of 2-TeCD catalysis has been elaborated based on mass spectrometric data and exerted its peroxidase activity via tellurol, tellurenic acid, and tellurosulfide, in analogy with natural GPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiquan Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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324
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Wei H, Wang E. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6060-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35486e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2267] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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325
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Weekley CM, Harris HH. Which form is that? The importance of selenium speciation and metabolism in the prevention and treatment of disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8870-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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326
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Main-Group Medicinal Chemistry Including Li and Bi*. COMPREHENSIVE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II 2013. [PMCID: PMC7152213 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Main-group element compounds were among the first developed in the modern era as pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of a wide variety of human ailments; it is now recognized that many of these elements exist in traditional medicine of many societies, for example, arsenic. The use of main-group element compounds in contemporary medicine continues for the treatment of, for example, depression (Li), stomach ulcers (Bi), cancer (As and Ga), and leishmaniasis (Sb). Not surprisingly, new compounds of these elements, and other main-group elements, continue to be investigated for their potential use in new therapies. In this chapter, the use of main-group elements as therapeutic agents is outlined and also, where understood, comments on biological targets and mechanisms of action. Further, key advances in new potential applications of main-group element compounds in medicine are evaluated.
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327
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Lou Z, Li P, Pan Q, Han K. A reversible fluorescent probe for detecting hypochloric acid in living cells and animals: utilizing a novel strategy for effectively modulating the fluorescence of selenide and selenoxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2445-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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328
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Seng HL, Tiekink ERT. Anti-cancer potential of selenium- and tellurium-containing species: opportunities abound! Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Ling Seng
- Department of Chemistry; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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329
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Triple mutated antibody scFv2F3 with high GPx activity: insights from MD, docking, MDFE, and MM-PBSA simulation. Amino Acids 2012; 44:1009-19. [PMID: 23224825 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By combining computational design and site-directed mutagenesis, we have engineered a new catalytic ability into the antibody scFv2F3 by installing a catalytic triad (Trp(29)-Sec(52)-Gln(72)). The resulting abzyme, Se-scFv2F3, exhibits a high glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, approaching the native enzyme activity. Activity assays and a systematic computational study were performed to investigate the effect of successive replacement of residues at positions 29, 52, and 72. The results revealed that an active site Ser(52)/Sec substitution is critical for the GPx activity of Se-scFv2F3. In addition, Phe(29)/Trp-Val(72)/Gln mutations enhance the reaction rate via functional cooperation with Sec(52). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the designed catalytic triad is very stable and the conformational flexibility caused by Tyr(101) occurs mainly in the loop of complementarity determining region 3. The docking studies illustrated the importance of this loop that favors the conformational shift of Tyr(54), Asn(55), and Gly(56) to stabilize substrate binding. Molecular dynamics free energy and molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area calculations estimated the pK(a) shifts of the catalytic residue and the binding free energies of docked complexes, suggesting that dipole-dipole interactions among Trp(29)-Sec(52)-Gln(72) lead to the change of free energy that promotes the residual catalytic activity and the substrate-binding capacity. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data, which should help to clarify why Se-scFv2F3 exhibits high catalytic efficiency.
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330
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Morisseau C, Sahdeo S, Cortopassi G, Hammock BD. Development of an HTS assay for EPHX2 phosphatase activity and screening of nontargeted libraries. Anal Biochem 2012; 434:105-11. [PMID: 23219563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The EPXH2 gene encodes soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which has two distinct enzyme activities: epoxide hydrolase (Cterm-EH) and phosphatase (Nterm-phos). The Cterm-EH is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid epoxides that play important roles in blood pressure, cell growth, inflammation, and pain. While recent findings suggested complementary biological roles for Nterm-phos, research is limited by the lack of potent bioavailable inhibitors of this phosphatase activity. Also, a potent bioavailable inhibitor of this activity could be important in the development of therapy for cardiovascular diseases. We report herein the development of an HTS enzyme-based assay for Nterm-phos (Z'>0.9) using AttoPhos as the substrate. This assay was used to screen a wide variety of chemical entities, including a library of known drugs that have reached through clinical evaluation (Pharmakon 1600), as well as a library of pesticides and environmental toxins. We discovered that ebselen inhibits sEH phosphatase activity. Ebselen binds to the N-terminal domain of sEH (K(I)=550 nM) and chemically reacts with the enzyme to quickly and irreversibly inhibit Nterm-phos, and subsequently Cterm-EH, and thus represents a new class of sEH inhibitor.
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331
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Synthesis and Glutathione Peroxidase-like activity of N-heterocyclic carbene derived cationic diselenides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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332
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Hodage AS, Parashiva Prabhu C, Phadnis PP, Wadawale A, Priyadarsini K, Jain VK. Synthesis, characterization, structures and GPx mimicking activity of pyridyl and pyrimidyl based organoselenium compounds. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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333
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Affeldt RF, Braga HC, Baldassari LL, Lüdtke DS. Synthesis of selenium-linked neoglycoconjugates and pseudodisaccharides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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334
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Fernandes AP, Wallenberg M, Gandin V, Misra S, Tisato F, Marzano C, Rigobello MP, Kumar S, Björnstedt M. Methylselenol formed by spontaneous methylation of selenide is a superior selenium substrate to the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50727. [PMID: 23226364 PMCID: PMC3511371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring selenium compounds like selenite and selenodiglutathione are metabolized to selenide in plants and animals. This highly reactive form of selenium can undergo methylation and form monomethylated and multimethylated species. These redox active selenium metabolites are of particular biological and pharmacological interest since they are potent inducers of apoptosis in cancer cells. The mammalian thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems efficiently reduce selenite and selenodiglutathione to selenide. The reactions are non-stoichiometric aerobically due to redox cycling of selenide with oxygen and thiols. Using LDI-MS, we identified that the addition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the reactions formed methylselenol. This metabolite was a superior substrate to both the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems increasing the velocities of the nonstoichiometric redox cycles three-fold. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the presence of SAM increased the cytotoxicity of selenite and selenodiglutathione, which could neither be explained by altered selenium uptake nor impaired extra-cellular redox environment, previously shown to be highly important to selenite uptake and cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that selenide and SAM react spontaneously forming methylselenol, a highly nucleophilic and cytotoxic agent, with important physiological and pharmacological implications for the highly interesting anticancer effects of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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335
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Lou Z, Li P, Sun X, Yang S, Wang B, Han K. A fluorescent probe for rapid detection of thiols and imaging of thiols reducing repair and H2O2 oxidative stress cycles in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012. [PMID: 23187935 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A diselenide containing fluorescent probe based on a fluorescein scaffold for thiols was developed. The fluorescent probe exhibited rapid response, high selectivity and reversibility. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the redox changes mediated by thiols and reactive oxygen species in living HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China
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336
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Abstract
Thiols are important molecules in the environment and in biological processes. Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The selective detection of thiols using reaction-based probes and sensors is very important in basic research and in disease diagnosis. This review focuses on the design of fluorescent and colorimetric probes and sensors for thiol detection. Thiol detection methods include probes and labeling agents based on nucleophilic addition and substitution, Michael addition, disulfide bond or Se-N bond cleavage, metal-sulfur interactions and more. Probes for H2S are based on nucleophilic cyclization, reduction and metal sulfide formation. Thiol probe and chemosensor design strategies and mechanism of action are discussed in this review.
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337
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Hou C, Luo Q, Liu J, Miao L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Dong Z, Liu J. Construction of GPx active centers on natural protein nanodisk/nanotube: a new way to develop artificial nanoenzyme. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8692-8701. [PMID: 22992167 DOI: 10.1021/nn302270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Construction of catalytic centers on natural protein aggregates is a challenging topic in biomaterial and biomedicine research. Here we report a novel construction of artificial nanoenzyme with glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like function. By engineering the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein, the main catalytic components of GPx were fabricated on TMV protein monomers. Through direct self-assembly of the functionalized viral coat proteins, the multi-GPx centers were installed on these well-defined nanodisks or nanotubes. With the help of muti-selenoenzyme centers, the resulting organized nanoenzyme exhibited remarkable GPx activity, even approaching the level of natural GPx. The antioxidation study on subcell mitochondrial level demonstrated that virus-based nanoenzyme exerted excellent capacity for protecting cell from oxidative damage. This strategy represents a new way to develop artificial nanoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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338
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Panda S, Dutta PK, Ramakrishna G, Reddy CM, Zade SS. Azomethine diselenides: Supramolecular structures and facile formation of a bis-oxazoline diselenide. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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339
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Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Penzik MV, Potapov VA, Amosova SV. Open-chain unsaturated selanyl sulfides: stereochemical structure and stereochemical behavior of their 77Se-1H spin-spin coupling constants. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:653-658. [PMID: 22936611 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemical structure of nine Z-2-(vinylsulfanyl)ethenylselanyl organyl sulfides has been investigated by means of experimental measurements and second-order polarization propagator approach calculations of their (1)H-(1)H, (13)C-(1)H, and (77)Se-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants together with a theoretical conformational analysis performed at the MP2/6-311G** level. All nine compounds were shown to adopt the preferable skewed s-cis conformation of their terminal vinylsulfanyl group, whereas the favorable rotational conformations with respect to the internal rotations around the C-S and C-Se bonds of the internal ethenyl group are both skewed s-trans. Stereochemical trends of (77)Se-(1)H spin-spin coupling constants originating in the geometry of their coupling pathways and the selenium lone pair effect were rationalized in terms of the natural J-coupling analysis within the framework of the natural bond orbital approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Yu Rusakov
- AE Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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340
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Press DJ, McNeil NMR, Rauk A, Back TG. NMR and Computational Studies of the Configurational Properties of Spirodioxyselenuranes. Are Dynamic Exchange Processes or Temperature-Dependent Chemical Shifts Involved? J Org Chem 2012; 77:9268-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Press
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Nicole M. R. McNeil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Arvi Rauk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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341
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Thomas J, Dong Z, Dehaen W, Smet M. Selenium/Tellurium-Containing Hyperbranched Polymers: Effect of Molecular Weight and Degree of Branching on Glutathione Peroxidase-Like Activity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:2127-32. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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342
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Hodage AS, Phadnis PP, Wadawale A, Priyadarsini KI, Jain VK. Synthesis, Characterization, and X-Ray Structures of 2-(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-Yl)Phenyl-Based Organoselenium Compounds and Their Glutathione Peroxidase (Gpx) Like Activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.686545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S. Hodage
- a Chemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | - Prasad P. Phadnis
- a Chemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | - Amey Wadawale
- a Chemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | - K. I. Priyadarsini
- b Radiation & Photochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai , India
| | - Vimal K. Jain
- a Chemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai , India
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343
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Syntheses, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Diorganotin(IV) Selenites: 1D Helical Double-Chain Containing Eight-Membered Sn2O4Se2 Inorganic Ring. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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344
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Thymoquinone prevents and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2296-303. [PMID: 22476588 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of the seed oil extract of Nigella sativa Linn, has previously been shown to possess antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Whether TQ has any effect on colitis remains controversial. AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with TQ prevents and ameliorates colonic inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS C57BL/6 murine colitis was induced by the administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (3 % W/V) in the drinking water supplied to the mice for 7 consecutive days. The mice with colitis were treated with 5, 10, or 25 mg/kg TQ orally, and changes in body weight and macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores were examined. In addition, biochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS The treatment of mice with TQ prevented and significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhea and body weight loss. These results were associated with amelioration of colitis-related damage, as measured by macroscopic and microscopic colitis scores. In addition, there was a significant reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione levels. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TQ administration can prevent and improve murine DSS-induced colitis. These findings suggest that TQ could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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345
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Hsu SC, Chung JG. Anticancer potential of emodin. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2012; 2:108-116. [PMID: 32289000 PMCID: PMC7104001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical research due to its low toxicity, low number of side effects, and low cost. Many components of common fruits and vegetables play well-documented roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents that suppress tumorigenesis. Anthraquinones are commonly extracted from the Polygonaceae family of plants, e.g., Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale. Some of the major chemical components of anthraquinone and its derivatives, such as aloe-emodin, danthron, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, and rhein, have demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This review evaluates the pharmacological effects of emodin, a major component of Aloe vera. In particular, emodin demonstrates anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and toxicological potential for use in pharmacology, both in vitro and in vivo. Emodin demonstrates cytotoxic effects (e.g., cell death) through the arrest of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The overall molecular mechanisms of emodin include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the promotion of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glutathione S-transferase P, N-acetyltransferase, and glutathione phase I and II detoxification enzymes while inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion, migration, chemical-induced carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, HER2/neu, CKII kinase, and p34cdc2 kinase in human cancer cells. Hopefully, this summary will provide information regarding the actions of emodin in cancer cells and broaden the application potential of chemotherapy to additional cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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346
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Giurg M, Muchalski H, Kowal E. OxofunctionalizedTrans-2-carboxycinnamic Acids by Catalytic Domino Oxidation of Naphthols and Hydronaphthoquinones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.561945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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347
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Lai CF, Shao JS, Behrmann A, Krchma K, Cheng SL, Towler DA. TNFR1-activated reactive oxidative species signals up-regulate osteogenic Msx2 programs in aortic myofibroblasts. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3897-910. [PMID: 22685265 PMCID: PMC3404358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In LDLR(-/-) mice fed high-fat diabetogenic diets, osteogenic gene-regulatory programs are ectopically activated in vascular myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells that promote arteriosclerotic calcium deposition. Msx2-Wnt signaling pathways previously identified as important for craniofacial skeletal development are induced in the vasculature by TNF, a prototypic cytokine mediator of the low-grade systemic inflammation of diabesity. To better understand this biology, we studied TNF actions on Msx2 in aortic myofibroblasts. TNF up-regulated Msx2 mRNA 4-fold within 3 h but did not regulate Msx1. Although IL-1β could also induce Msx2 expression, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and IL-6 were inactive. Inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) activity and genetically induced Nox deficiency (p47phox(-/-)) reduced Msx2 induction, indicating contributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling. Consistent with this, rotenone, an antagonist of mitochondrial complex I, inhibited TNF induction of Msx2 and Nox2, whereas pyruvate, an anapleurotic mitochondrial metabolic substrate, enhanced induction. Moreover, the glutathione peroxidase-mimetic ebselen abrogated this TNF response. Treatment of aortic myofibroblasts with hydrogen peroxide up-regulated Msx2 mRNA, promoter activity, and DNA-protein interactions. In vivo, SM22-TNF transgenic mice exhibit increased aortic Msx2 with no change in Msx1. Dosing SM22-TNF mice with either 20 ng/g Nox1 + 20 ng/g Nox2 antisense oligonucleotides or low-dose rotenone reduced arterial Msx2 expression. Aortic myofibroblasts from TNFR1(-/-) mice expressed levels of Msx2 that were 5% that of wild-type and were not inducible by TNF. Wnt7b and active β-catenin levels were also reduced. By contrast, TNF-inducible Msx2 expression was not reduced in TNFR2(-/-) cells. Finally, when cultured under mineralizing conditions, TNFR1(-/-) aortic myofibroblasts exhibited reduced calcification compared with wild-type and TNFR2(-/-) cells. Thus, ROS metabolism contributes to TNF induction of Msx2 and procalcific responses in myofibroblasts via TNFR1. Strategies that reduce vascular Nox- or mitochondrially activated ROS signals may prove useful in mitigating arteriosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fang Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Liwei L, Wei Z, Ruifa H, Chunyu L. Association between genetic variants in glutathione peroxidase 1 gene and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8615-9. [PMID: 22699881 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) gene Pro198Leu polymorphism with the development and progression of prostate cancer. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of GPx1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program Stata, version 11.0, and Review Manage, version 4.2. A total of 7 eligible studies relating the GPx1 polymorphism to the risk of prostate cancer were identified. The results indicated no significant association between GPx1 polymorphisms and prostate cancer susceptibility in the dominant model (random effects OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.48-1.18), recessive model (random effects OR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.22-1.01) and co-dominant genetic model (random effects OR 0.72, 95 % CI 0.43-1.21). For the analysis of GPx1 polymorphism and progression of prostate cancer, no significant association were found in the dominant model (fixed effects OR 1.20, 95 % CI 0.95-1.52), recessive model (fixed effects OR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.48-1.00) and co-dominant genetic model (fixed effects OR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.79-1.15). Egger's test showed that publication bias was not present in all the comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liwei
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjing Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China
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349
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Jiao A, Yang N, Wang J, Xu X, Jin Z. Cyclodextrin-derived chalcogenides as glutathione peroxidase mimics and their protection of mitochondria against oxidative damage. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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350
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Gutiérrez-Hernández AI, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC, Ramírez-Apan MT, Cázares-Marinero JDJ, Toscano RA. Ferrocenylselenoamides: Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Properties. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4652-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300150t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I. Gutiérrez-Hernández
- Instituto de Química,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
| | - José G. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
| | - M. Carmen Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto
de Ciencias Nucleares,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
| | - M. Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
| | - José de Jesús Cázares-Marinero
- Instituto de Química,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
| | - Rubén A. Toscano
- Instituto de Química,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior,
Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 México D.F.,
México
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