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Kim TH, Kim GD, Ahn HJ, Cho JJ, Park YS, Park CS. The inhibitory effect of naringenin on atopic dermatitis induced by DNFB in NC/Nga mice. Life Sci 2013; 93:516-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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302
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Sakazaki F, Arakawa T, Shimizu R, Ogino H, Okuno T, Ueno H. Allergies are aggravated by mild selenium deficiency and abrogated by supplementation with selenomethionine. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.837866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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303
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Kim HY, Goo JH, Joo YA, Lee HY, Lee SM, Oh CT, Ahn SM, Kim NH, Hwang JS. Impact on inflammation and recovery of skin barrier by nordihydroguaiaretic Acid as a protease-activated receptor 2 antagonist. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:463-9. [PMID: 24009835 PMCID: PMC3762283 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin with increased transepidermal water loss. Both an abnormal inflammatory response and a defective skin barrier are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is activated by both trypsin and a specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV-NH2. PAR2 is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis and regulates inflammatory responses and barrier homeostasis. In this study, we show that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits the PAR2-mediated signal pathway and plays a role in skin barrier recovery in atopic dermatitis. Specifically, NDGA reduces the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) in HaCaT keratinocytes by down-regulating inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-8, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Also, NDGA decreases the protein expression of involucrin, a differentiation maker of keratinocyte, in both HaCaT keratinocytes and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We examined NDGA-recovered skin barrier in atopic dermatitis by using an oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model in hairless mice. Topical application of NDGA produced an increase in transepidermal water loss recovery and a decrease in serum IgE level, without weight loss. Accordingly, we suggest that NDGA acts as a PAR2 antagonist and may be a possible therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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304
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Preventative and therapeutic probiotic use in allergic skin conditions: experimental and clinical findings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:932391. [PMID: 24078929 PMCID: PMC3773919 DOI: 10.1155/2013/932391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are ingested live microbes that can modify intestinal microbial populations in a way that benefits the host. The interest in probiotic preventative/therapeutic potential in allergic diseases stemmed from the fact that probiotics have been shown to improve intestinal dysbiosis and permeability and to reduce inflammatory cytokines in human and murine experimental models. Enhanced presence of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota is found to correlate with protection against allergy. Therefore, many studies have been recently designed to examine the efficacy of probiotics, but the literature on the allergic skin disorders is still very scarce. Here, our objective is to summarize and evaluate the available knowledge from randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials of probiotic use in allergic skin conditions. Clinical improvement especially in IgE-sensitized eczema and experimental models such as atopic dermatitis-like lesions (trinitrochlorobenzene and picryl chloride sensitizations) and allergic contact dermatitis (dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization) has been reported. Although there is a very promising evidence to recommend the addition of probiotics into foods, probiotics do not have a proven role in the prevention or the therapy of allergic skin disorders. Thus, being aware of possible measures, such as probiotics use, to prevent/heal atopic diseases is essential for the practicing allergy specialist.
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305
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Anti-inflammatory effect of qingpeng ointment in atopic dermatitis-like murine model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:907016. [PMID: 24027597 PMCID: PMC3763257 DOI: 10.1155/2013/907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Qingpeng ointment (QP) is a Chinese medicine which has been used in treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in China. AD-like lesions were induced in BALB/c mice by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) on shaved backs. The mice were then treated for 2 weeks with QP of different concentrations and Mometasone Furoate cream (MF), respectively. Macroscopic and microscopic changes of the skin lesions were observed after the treatment. The levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E, tissue interferon (IFN)- γ , and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A and the levels of involucrin, filaggrin, and kallikrein7 in epidermis were measured. The results show severe dermatitis with immune profiles similar to human acute AD. A significant infiltration of CD4(+) T and mast cells was observed in dermis of lesion but inhibited by QP after a 2-week treatment with it. The production of IgE, IL-4 and the mRNA expression of IL-17A were also suppressed, but the level of IFN- γ was increased. MF suppressed all production of these cytokines and IgE. Accordingly, the mechanism of QP on AD might correlate with its ability of modulating the immune dysfunctions rather than suppressing them. It had no effect on expressions of involucrin and filaggrin, except that its vehicle decreased the level of kallikrein7.
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306
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Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Philippe V, Brüggen MC, Watanabe H, Roques S, Baldeschi C, Gaide O. Antagonistic effect of the inflammasome on thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in the skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1348-57. [PMID: 23953709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune sensors control key cytokines that regulate T-cell priming and T-cell fate. This is particularly evident in allergic reactions, which represent ideal systems to study the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity. In patients with contact dermatitis, inflammasome-mediated IL-1 activation is responsible for a TH1 immune response. Surprisingly, the IL-1 signaling pathway was also proposed to control the activation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine implicated in development of the T(H)2 response in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effect of the inflammasome on TSLP expression levels and the development of AD. METHODS We studied the effect of the inflammasome activator 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and IL-1β on TSLP mRNA expression levels in mouse and human cell lines (in vitro assays), as well as in live mice and on human skin transplants. We also assessed the effect of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene on TSLP and the TH2 response in mice in which the inflammasome and IL-1 signaling pathways were blocked, either genetically or pharmacologically, in 2 models of AD. RESULTS We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that inflammasome activation has an inhibitory role on TSLP mRNA expression and T(H)2 cell fate in the skin. We also show that solvents influence the activation of TSLP and IL-1β and direct the T-cell fate to a given hapten. CONCLUSION Our observations strongly suggest that the TH1 versus TH2 cell fate decision is regulated at multiple levels and starts with innate immune events occurring within peripheral epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Schuepbach-Mallepell
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology/Immunology, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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307
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Skin-specific expression of IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells and elicits atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13921-6. [PMID: 23918359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307321110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing the mouse interleukin 33 (IL-33) gene driven by a keratin 14 promoter were generated. The skin-selective expression of the IL-33 gene was enhanced, and intense immunofluorescence for IL-33 was evident in the nuclei of the epidermis. Spontaneous itchy dermatitis developed in those mice at 6-8 wk of age in specific pathogen-free conditions. In the lesional skin, the epidermis was thickened and the eosinophils were infiltrated with increased expression of the eosinophil peroxidase and major basic protein genes. Mast cells were also abundant there, and blood histamine and total IgE levels were high. Those phenotypes closely resemble the features of atopic dermatitis. In peripheral blood and lesional skin, IL-5, IL-13, regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES)/CCL5, and Eotaxin 1/CCL11 were increased, whereas TNF-α, IFN-γ, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were unaltered. Furthermore, the proportion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which produce IL-5, were significantly increased in the lesional skin, peripheral blood, and regional lymph nodes. The dermatitis with eosinophil infiltration was improved by the administration of an anti-IL-5 antibody. These results suggest that the expression of IL-33 in the skin activates an immune response involving ILC2 and that this process might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation that is characteristic of atopic dermatitis.
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308
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Epicutaneous sensitization results in IgE-dependent intestinal mast cell expansion and food-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:451-60.e1-6. [PMID: 23374269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to food antigen can occur through cutaneous exposure. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that epicutaneous sensitization with food antigen predisposes to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis on oral allergen challenge. METHODS BALB/c mice were epicutaneously sensitized by repeated application of ovalbumin (OVA) to tape-stripped skin over 7 weeks or orally immunized with OVA and cholera toxin (CT) weekly for 8 weeks and then orally challenged with OVA. Body temperature was monitored, and serum mouse mast cell protease 1 levels were determined after challenge. Tissue mast cell (MC) counts were examined by using chloroacetate esterase staining. Levels of serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG(1) antibodies and cytokines in supernatants of OVA-stimulated splenocytes were measured by means of ELISA. Serum IL-4 levels were measured by using an in vivo cytokine capture assay. RESULTS Epicutaneously sensitized mice exhibited expansion of connective tissue MCs in the jejunum, increased serum IL-4 levels, and systemic anaphylaxis after oral challenge, as evidenced by decreased body temperature and increased serum mouse mast cell protease 1 levels. Intestinal MC expansion and anaphylaxis were IgE dependent because they did not occur in epicutaneously sensitized IgE(-/-) mice. Mice orally immunized with OVA plus CT did not have increased serum IL-4 levels, expanded intestinal MCs, or anaphylaxis after oral challenge, despite OVA-specific IgE levels and splenocyte cytokine production in response to OVA stimulation, which were comparable with those of epicutaneously sensitized mice. CONCLUSION Epicutaneously sensitized mice, but not mice orally immunized with antigen plus CT, have expansion of intestinal MCs and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis after single oral antigen challenge. IgE is necessary but not sufficient for food anaphylaxis, and MC expansion in the gut can play an important role in the development of anaphylaxis.
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309
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Mast cells are required for full expression of allergen/SEB-induced skin inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2695-2705. [PMID: 23752044 PMCID: PMC3830701 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease. We recently described an animal model in which repeated epicutaneous applications of a house dust mite extract and staphylococcal enterotoxin B induced eczematous skin lesions. In this study we showed that global gene expression patterns are very similar between human atopic dermatitis skin and allergen/staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced mouse skin lesions, particularly in expression of genes related to epidermal growth/differentiation, skin-barrier, lipid/energy metabolism, immune response, or extracellular matrix. In this model, mast cells and T cells, but not B cells or eosinophils, were shown to be required for the full expression of dermatitis, as revealed by reduced skin inflammation and reduced serum IgE levels in mice lacking mast cells or T cells (TCRβ−/− or Rag1−/−). The clinical severity of dermatitis correlated with the numbers of mast cells, but not eosinophils. Consistent with the idea that Th2 cells play a predominant role in allergic diseases, the receptor for the Th2-promoting cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin and the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, were required to attain maximal clinical scores. Therefore, this clinically relevant model provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenic mechanism of human atopic dermatitis.
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310
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Kim JY, Park BK, Park HJ, Park YH, Kim BO, Pyo S. Atopic dermatitis-mitigating effects of new Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 isolated from Kimchi. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:517-26. [PMID: 23607518 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease. Probiotics have been reported to modulate immune responses and thus are now being suggested as potential treatments for allergies. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 isolated from Kimchi on artificially inducing AD in NC/Nga mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Oral administration of viable or heat-inactivated Lact. sakei probio 65 improved the condition of skin and reduced scratching frequency. Serum levels of IgE and cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) were significantly decreased by this therapy. Dead Lact. sakei probio 65 also decreased IL-4 and IL-6 serum concentrations. Moreover, both live and dead Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibited the expression of Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and CTACK in AD-like skin lesions. The increased levels of Foxp3 expression in the lesional skin and ears were also suppressed by Lact. sakei probio 65. In addition, Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and the secretion of IL-4, TNF-α and IL-6 from RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment with both viable and heat-inactivated Lact. sakei probio 65 inhibits skin inflammation and AD-like skin lesions, as well as mast cell activation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactobacillus sakei probio 65 has an inhibitory effect on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions and may represent an effective new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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311
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Mori T, Kabashima K, Fukamachi S, Kuroda E, Sakabe JI, Kobayashi M, Nakajima S, Nakano K, Tanaka Y, Matsushita S, Nakamura M, Tokura Y. D1-like dopamine receptors antagonist inhibits cutaneous immune reactions mediated by Th2 and mast cells. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:37-44. [PMID: 23639699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine transduces signals via five subtypes of G protein-coupled receptors. Among these subtypes, the D1 and D5 receptors belong to the D1-like group. Although dopamine is known to mediate immune responses, its involvement in cutaneous immunity remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the role of dopamine and its D1-like receptors in cutaneous immune responses. METHODS By using the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390, we examined the role of D1-like receptors in murine models of Th1-type contact hypersensitivity and Th2-type atopic dermatitis in vivo, and in mast cells and Th2 cell differentiation in vitro. RESULTS Administration of SCH 23390 did not affect Th1-type contact hypersensitivity but suppressed the immediate-type reaction (ITR) and the late phase reaction (LPR) in the atopic dermatitis model. In addition, SCH 23390-treated mice showed higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 mRNA levels in the ear skin of challenged mice than did non-treated mice as analyzed by real-time RT PCR. Consistently, the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was significantly reduced in SCH 23390-treated mice. Moreover, dopamine enhanced mast cell degranulation and Th2 cell differentiation, and both activities were abrogated by SCH 23390. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the D1-like receptors mediate immediate and late phase skin reactions by promoting Th2 induction and mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mori
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu, Japan.
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312
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Kim CH, Choi YS, Cheong KA, Lee AY. Mechanism underlying the effect of combined therapy using glucosamine and low-dose cyclosporine A on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:424-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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313
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Avci P, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, De Melo WC, Huang YY, Yin R, Chandran R, Kumar R, Otufowora A, Nyame T, Hamblin MR. Animal models of skin disease for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:331-55. [PMID: 23293893 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.761202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discovery of novel drugs, treatments, and testing of consumer products in the field of dermatology is a multi-billion dollar business. Due to the distressing nature of many dermatological diseases, and the enormous consumer demand for products to reverse the effects of skin photodamage, aging, and hair loss, this is a very active field. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we will cover the use of animal models that have been reported to recapitulate to a greater or lesser extent the features of human dermatological disease. There has been a remarkable increase in the number and variety of transgenic mouse models in recent years, and the basic strategy for constructing them is outlined. EXPERT OPINION Inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases are all represented by a range of mouse models both transgenic and normal. Skin cancer is mainly studied in mice and fish. Wound healing is studied in a wider range of animal species, and skin infections such as acne and leprosy also have been studied in animal models. Moving to the more consumer-oriented area of dermatology, there are models for studying the harmful effect of sunlight on the skin, and testing of sunscreens, and several different animal models of hair loss or alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Boston MA, USA
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314
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Tanaka A, Jung K, Matsuda A, Jang H, Kajiwara N, Amagai Y, Oida K, Ahn G, Ohmori K, Kang KG, Matsuda H. Daily intake of Jeju groundwater improves the skin condition of the model mouse for human atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2013; 40:193-200. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science; Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics; Division of Animal Life Science; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science; Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Naoki Kajiwara
- Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science; Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science; Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science; Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Laboratories of Comparative Animal Medicine; Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Kyung-goo Kang
- Research and Development Department; Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Development Corporation; Jeju Island; Korea
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315
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Leyva-Castillo JM, Hener P, Jiang H, Li M. TSLP Produced by Keratinocytes Promotes Allergen Sensitization through Skin and Thereby Triggers Atopic March in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:154-63. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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316
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Development and evaluation of colloidal modified nanolipid carrier: application to topical delivery of tacrolimus, Part II--in vivo assessment, drug targeting, efficacy, and safety in treatment for atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 84:72-83. [PMID: 23246619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), topical anti-inflammatory therapy with skin barrier restoration to prevent repeated inflammatory episodes leads to long-term therapeutic success. Tacrolimus, although effective against AD, is a challenging molecule due to low solubility, low-penetration, poor-bioavailability, and toxicity. Part I of this paper, reported novel modified nanolipid carrier system for topical delivery of tacrolimus (T-MNLC), offering great opportunity to load low-solubility drug with improved entrapment efficiency, enhanced stability and improved skin deposition. Present investigation focused on restoration of skin barrier, site-specific delivery, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety of novel T-MNLC. T-MNLC greatly enhanced occlusive properties, skin hydration potential and reduced transepidermal water loss. This might help to reduce the number of flares and better control the disease. Cutaneous uptake and drug deposition in albino rats by HPLC and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed prominently elevated drug levels in all skin strata with T-MNLC as compared to reference. T-MNLC demonstrated efficient suppression of inflammatory responses in BALB/c mice model of AD. Safety assessment by acute and repeated-dose dermal toxicity demonstrated mild keratosis and collagenous mass infiltration at the treatment area with repeated application of reference. Interestingly, T-MNLC showed no evident toxicity exhibiting safe drug delivery. Thus, novel T-MNLC would be a safe, effective, and esthetically appealing alternative to conventional vehicles for treatment for AD.
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317
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Shiraishi H, Masuoka M, Ohta S, Suzuki S, Arima K, Taniguchi K, Aoki S, Toda S, Yoshimoto T, Inagaki N, Conway SJ, Narisawa Y, Izuhara K. Periostin contributes to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis by inducing TSLP production from keratinocytes. Allergol Int 2012; 61:563-72. [PMID: 22918211 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-oa-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where Th2-type immune responses are dominant. Keratinocytes persistently secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, amplifying Th2-type responses in AD. We have recently reported that periostin, an extracellular matrix protein induced by Th2 cytokines, plays a critical role in AD. In the present study, we have further investigated the characteristics of our allergen-induced AD model mice and the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS The ears of C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice, and Rag-2-/- γ(c)-/- mice (BALB/c background) were epicutaneously sensitized repeatedly with HDM. Mice were analyzed after the final sensitization. To examine the direct role of periostin, we reconstituted skin in vitro by coculture of keratinocytes with wild-type or periostin-deficient fibroblasts. RESULTS Epicutaneous sensitization with HDM induced AD-like phenotypes and accumulation of periostin in dermis in C57BL/6 mice but not in Rag-2-/- γ(c)-/- mice. In vitro organotypic coculture systems revealed that periostin promoted survival and proliferation of keratinocytes and directly induced production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that periostin exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD through TSLP production from keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shiraishi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Japan
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Mixture of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins from Vaccinium uliginosum L. Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:461989. [PMID: 23133493 PMCID: PMC3486628 DOI: 10.1155/2012/461989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinium uliginosum L. (VU) possesses various biological properties, such as antioxidant and protective effects against VU-induced skin photoaging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of oral administration of a mixture of polyphenols and anthocyanins derived from VU on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in NC/Nga mice. We assessed anti-AD effects in NC/Nga murine model for a period of 9 weeks. Oral administration of the mixture significantly alleviated the AD-like skin symptoms and clinical signs including ear thickness and scratching behaviors. Orally administrated mixture reduced the level of IgE and IgG1, whereas it increased the level of IgG2a in a dose-dependent manner. The calculated IgG1/IgG2a ratio for each mouse revealed that the mixture derived from VU also significantly reduced the Th2/Th1 ratio, IL-4 and IL-13 (as Th2 cytokines), IFN-γ, and IL-12 (as a Th1 cytokine) in spleens. In addition, it significantly decreased gene expression, such as IL-4, IL-5, CCR3, eotaxin-1, IL- 12, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-17, in AD-like lesions and suppressed Th17. Histological analyses revealed that the epidermis thickness and number of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced. In conclusion, oral administration of the mixture in the DNCB-induced AD is confirmed to improve AD disease in mice.
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Lundberg R, Clausen SK, Pang W, Nielsen DS, Möller K, Josefsen KE, Hansen AK. Gastrointestinal microbiota and local inflammation during oxazolone-induced dermatitis in BALB/cA mice. Comp Med 2012; 62:371-380. [PMID: 23114040 PMCID: PMC3472601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, laboratory animals are not standardized with regard to the gastrointestinal microbiota (GM), but differences in this feature may alter various parameters in animal models. We hypothesized that variation in the GM correlated with variation in clinical parameters of a murine oxazolone-induced skin inflammation model of atopic dermatitis. BALB/cA mice were sensitized with oxazolone over a 28-d period and variation in gastrointestinal microbiota in fecal and cecal samples was assessed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Clinical parameters included transepidermal water loss, ear thickness, inflammatory factors in ear tissue and plasma, and histopathologic evaluation. The fecal microbiota before induction of skin inflammation strongly correlated with the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL1β, IL12, and TNFα), the antiinflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10, and the chemokine KC/GRO that were measured in ear samples at study termination. Cecal microbiota at termination correlated with ear thickness and transepidermal water loss. There was no correlation between cytokine responses and ear thickness or transepidermal water loss. In addition, GM changed during the study period in the oxazolone-treated mice, whereas this was not the case for the control mice. The current study shows that the GM of mice influences the development of oxazolone-induced skin inflammation and that the model itself likely induces a pathophysiologic response that alters the composition of the GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Lundberg
- Centre for Applied Laboratory Animal Research, Section of Biomedicine, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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320
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Sevilla LM, Latorre V, Sanchis A, Pérez P. Epidermal inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor triggers skin barrier defects and cutaneous inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:361-70. [PMID: 22951731 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) mediates the effects of physiological and pharmacological GC ligands and has a major role in cutaneous pathophysiology. To dissect the epithelial versus mesenchymal contribution of GR in developing and adult skin, we generated mice with keratinocyte-restricted GR inactivation (GR epidermal knockout or GR(EKO) mice). Developing and early postnatal GR(EKO) mice exhibited impaired epidermal barrier formation, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, hyperproliferation, and stratum corneum (SC) fragility. At birth, GR(EKO) epidermis showed altered levels of epidermal differentiation complex genes, proteases and protease inhibitors which participate in SC maintenance, and innate immunity genes. Many upregulated genes, including S100a8/a9 and Tslp, also have increased expression in inflammatory skin diseases. Infiltration of macrophages and degranulating mast cells were observed in newborn GR(EKO) skin, hallmarks of atopic dermatitis. In addition to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, GR(EKO) newborn and adult epidermis had increased levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a feature of psoriasis. Although adult GR(EKO) epidermis had a mild phenotype of increased proliferation, perturbation of skin homeostasis with detergent or phorbol ester triggered an exaggerated proliferative and hyperkeratotic response relative to wild type. Together, our results show that epidermal loss of GR provokes skin barrier defects and cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Jaime Roig, Valencia, Spain
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321
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Choi YY, Kim MH, Kim JH, Jung HS, Sohn Y, Choi YJ, Hwang MK, Kim SH, Kim J, Yang WM. Schizonepeta tenuifolia inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis in mice. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1131-5. [PMID: 22949410 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, Schizonepeta tenuifolia (ST) has been used for the treatment of skin disorders, such as allergic dermatitis, eczema, and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined whether ST inhibited 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in BALB/c mice. In histopathological analyses of the epidermis and dermis, skin thickness was significantly increased in DNCB-induced mice as compared with normal group. Treatment with ST inhibited this inflammatory change and markedly suppressed the secretion of immunoglobulin E, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 levels in the serum of DNCB-induced mice. In addition, ST treatment significantly restored the upregulation of proinflammatory factors, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Taken together, due to its ability to suppress inflammatory factors and upregulate proinflammatory factors, ST may be useful as a therapeutic treatment for AD. ST extract application decreased both epidermis and dermis thickness in DNCB-induced mice. In serum, ST reduced immunoglobulin E, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 6 level. In addition, ST suppressed NF-κB activation as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yeon Choi
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim TH, Kim GD, Jin YH, Park YS, Park CS. Omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediator, Resolvin E1, ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:384-91. [PMID: 22951188 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease for which few effective treatments are available. Resolvin E1 (RvE1; 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxy-6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E-eicosapentaenoic acid) is an endogenous lipid mediator derived from omega-3 fatty eicosapentaenoic acid, which is a potent inhibitor of inflammation. AD-like skin lesion was induced by repetitive skin contact with DNFB in NC/Nga mice and the effects of RvE1 were evaluated on the basis of histopathological findings of skin, ear swelling and cytokine production of CD4(+) T cells. Intraperitoneal injection of RvE1 for one week after DNFB challenge significantly lowered ear swelling and improved back skin lesions. In addition, RvE1 significantly suppressed production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by activated CD4(+) T cells and serum IgE level. Furthermore, RvE1 reduced DNFB-induced infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells in skin lesions. Therefore, RvE1 may suppress the development of AD-like skin lesions in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IL-4 and IFN-γ of activated CD4(+) T cells and serum IgE levels and infiltration of immune cells to skin lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Microbiology (BK21), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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323
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Regulation of immunological balance by sustained interferon-γ gene transfer for acute phase of atopic dermatitis in mice. Gene Ther 2012; 20:538-44. [PMID: 22914497 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ, a potent T helper 1 (Th1) cell cytokine, is suggested to suppress Th2 cell responses. Here, we aimed to investigate whether pCpG-Muγ, a plasmid continuously expressing murine IFN-γ, is an effective treatment of atopic dermatitis, a Th2-dominant skin disease. Nishiki-nezumi Cinnamon/Nagoya (NC/Nga) atopic mice with early dermatitis were transfected with pCpG-Muγ by a hydrodynamic tail vein injection at a dose of 0.05 or 0.2 pmol per mouse. The skin lesions improved only in mice receiving the high dose of pCpG-Muγ. IFN-γ gene transfer resulted in a high mRNA expression of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 and regulatory T cell (Treg) related cytokines, such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β, in the spleen, whereas it reduced the IL-4 mRNA expression, and serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE. In addition, the gene transfer markedly inhibited the epidermal thickening, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the skin, the occurrence of dry skin and pruritus. No exacerbating effect on the Th1-mediated contact dermatitis was observed after IFN-γ gene transfer. Taken together, these results indicate that sustained IFN-γ gene transfer induced polarized Th1 immunity under Th2-dominant conditions in NC/Nga mice, leading to an improvement in the symptoms of acute atopic dermatitis without adverse side effects.
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324
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Bak JP, Kim YM, Son J, Kim CJ, Kim EH. Application of concentrated deep sea water inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:108. [PMID: 22834904 PMCID: PMC3517761 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Mineral water from deep-sea bedrock, formed over thousands of years, is rich in minerals such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and others. Our present study was to investigate the preventive effects of natural deep-sea water on developing atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods We elicited AD by application of DNCB (2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene) in Nc/Nga mouse dorsal skin. Deep Sea water (DSW) was filtered and concentrated by a nanofiltration process and reverse osmosis. We applied concentrated DSW (CDSW) to lesions five times per week for six weeks, followed by evaluation. 1% pimecrolimus ointment was used as positive control. The severity of skin lesions was assessed macroscopically and histologically. Levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in the serum were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results DNCB-treated mice showed atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Treatment of mice with CDSW reduced the severity of symptoms in the skin lesions, including edema, erythema, dryness, itching, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Histological analyses demonstrated that epidermal thickness and infiltration of inflammatory cells were decreased after CDSW treatment. Given these interesting observations, we further evaluated the effect of CDSW on immune responses in this AD model. Treatment AD mice with CDSW inhibited up-regulation of IgE, histamine, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Also, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in spleen lymphocyte was down-regulated after treatment with CDSW. Finally, cytokines, especially IL-4 and IL-10 which are important for Th2 cell development, were reduced. Conclusions Our data suggests that topical application of CDSW could be useful in preventing the development of atopic dermatitis.
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325
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Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract inhibits the development of experimentally induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Food Chem 2012; 132:1269-1275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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326
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Targeting tacrolimus to deeper layers of skin with improved safety for treatment of atopic dermatitis-Part II: in vivo assessment of dermatopharmacokinetics, biodistribution and efficacy. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:70-9. [PMID: 22609427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present investigation was to study in vivo behavior of tacrolimus-loaded lipid-nanoparticles (T-LN) to understand its targeting potential for treatment of atopic-dermatitis-(AD). T-LN have shown significantly improved drug penetration to deeper epidermal and dermal skin-layers than commercial ointment-Protopic(®) and effectively reached target dendritic-immune-cells, responsible for immunopathogenesis of AD. Due to enhanced penetrability of T-LN, it became necessary to evaluate the toxicity of the nanocarrier and the drug at non-target tissues. This paper evaluates dermatopharmacokinetics (DPK), biodistribution, efficacy and safety of T-LN in comparison to Protopic(®) as reference. In vivo DPK in guinea pigs showed 3.02-fold higher bioavailability while γ-scintigraphy in albino-rats demonstrated 1.5-fold rapid penetration of radioactivity in skin for T-LN. Biodistribution in albino-rats revealed restricted localization at the target-skin-area with no general spreading to other body organs suggesting targeting potential of T-LN. In vivo efficacy studies in BALB/c mice showed highly efficient suppression of inflammatory AD-like skin-lesions with T-LN than reference and placebo. Dermal toxicity-studies revealed keratosis and collagenous mass-infiltration with repeated application of reference however interestingly, T-LN treated group showed no evident toxicity demonstrating significantly improved safety. Thus T-LN offered improved penetration to the target site without any toxic-effects and would represent an efficient and commercially viable alternative for AD treatment.
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327
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Schneider MR. Genetic mouse models for skin research: strategies and resources. Genesis 2012; 50:652-64. [PMID: 22467532 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of features contributed to establishing the mouse as the favorite model organism for skin research: the genetic and pathophysiological similarities to humans, the small size and relatively short reproductive period, meaning low maintenance costs, and the availability of sophisticated tools for manipulating the genome, gametes, and embryos. While initial studies depended on strains displaying skin abnormalities due to spontaneous genetic mutations, the availability of the transgenic and knockout technologies and their astonishing perfection during the last decades allowed the development of mouse lines permitting any imaginable genetic modification including gene inactivation, substitution, modification, or overexpression. While these technologies have already contributed to the functional analysis of several genes and processes related to skin research, continued progress requires understanding, awareness, and access to these mouse resources. This review will identify the strategies currently employed for the genetic manipulation of mice in skin research, and outline current resources and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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328
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Kim CH, Cheong KA, Park CD, Lee AY. Therapeutic Effects of Combination Using Glucosamine Plus Tacrolimus (FK-506) on The Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:471-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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329
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Murthy A, Shao YW, Narala SR, Molyneux SD, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Khokha R. Notch activation by the metalloproteinase ADAM17 regulates myeloproliferation and atopic barrier immunity by suppressing epithelial cytokine synthesis. Immunity 2012; 36:105-19. [PMID: 22284418 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of mucosal tissues provide a barrier against environmental stress, and keratinocytes are key decision makers for immune cell function in the skin. Currently, epithelial signaling networks that instruct barrier immunity remain uncharacterized. Here we have shown that keratinocyte-specific deletion of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (Adam17) triggers T helper 2 and/or T helper 17 (Th2 and/or Th17) cell-driven atopic dermatitis and myeloproliferative disease. In vivo and in vitro deficiency of ADAM17 dampened Notch signaling, increasing production of the Th2 cell-polarizing cytokine TSLP and myeloid growth factor G-CSF. Ligand-independent Notch activation was identified as a regulator of AP-1 transcriptional activity, with Notch antagonizing c-Fos recruitment to the promoters of Tslp and Csf3 (G-CSF). Further, skin inflammation was rescued and myeloproliferation ameliorated by delivery of active Notch to Adam17(-)(/-) epidermis. Our findings uncover an essential role of ADAM17 in the adult epidermis, demonstrating a gatekeeper function of the ADAM17-Notch-c-Fos triad in barrier immunity.
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330
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Topical Application of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Attenuates the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions by Suppressing Serum IgE Levels, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in Nc/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:821967. [PMID: 22454686 PMCID: PMC3291039 DOI: 10.1155/2012/821967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CIL) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Asia and our preliminary study revealed that CIL reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line. We investigated the atopic dermatitis (AD) effect of topically applied CIL in mice with AD-like symptoms. After topical application of 1,3-butylen glycol (control), CIL-Low (5%), CIL-High (30%), or 0.1% hydrocortisone (HC) on the AD-like skin lesions in DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice for 5 weeks, the ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured. The gene expressions of IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the dorsal skin were assayed. CIL treatment dosedependently reduced severity of clinical symptoms of dorsal skin, ear thickness, and the number of mast cells and eosinophils. CIL-High significantly decreased serum IgE, IgG1, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels and reduced mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 in dorsal skin lesion. The improvement by CIL-High was similar to HC, but without its adverse effects such as skin atrophy maceration, and secondary infection. In conclusion, CIL may be an effective alternative substance for the management of AD.
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331
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Inhibitory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:153568. [PMID: 22454654 PMCID: PMC3291163 DOI: 10.1155/2012/153568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which has a complex etiology that encompasses immunologic responses. The study was carried out to examine the effect of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) leaf (NL) on the AD-like skin lesion induced by repeated epicutaneous application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice. Three different doses of NL (5, 25, and 50 mg/mice/day) were administered orally from the day of sensitization with DNCB for 4 weeks. The efficacy of NL was judged by histopathological examination, blood IgE level, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, and skin severity score. NL resulted in the suppression of clinical severity score, TEWL, scratching behavior, and blood IgE level. Histopathologic analyses revealed that thickening of the epidermis and mast cell degranulation was significantly reduced in NL group. These results suggest that NL may be a useful natural resource for the management of AD.
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332
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Abstract
For at least half a century, noninvasive techniques have been available to quantify skin barrier function, and these have shown that a number of human skin conditions and disorders are associated with defects in skin permeability. In the past decade, several genes responsible for skin barrier defects observed in both monogenetic and complex polygenic disorders have been elucidated and functionally characterized. This has led to an explosion of work in the past 6 years that has identified pathways connecting epidermal barrier disruption and antigen uptake, as well as the quality and/or magnitude of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response. This review will introduce the notion that diseases arise from the dynamic crosstalk that occurs between skin barrier and the immune system using atopic dermatitis or eczema as the disease prototype. Nevertheless, the concepts put forth are highly relevant to a number of antigen-driven disorders for which skin barrier is at least transiently compromised, such as psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and blistering disorders.
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333
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Cheong KA, Kim CH, Choi Y, Park CD, Lee AY. Irradiation of light emitting diode at 850nm inhibits T cell-induced cytokine expression. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 65:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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334
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Ngatu NR, Okajima MK, Yokogawa M, Hirota R, Eitoku M, Muzembo BA, Dumavibhat N, Takaishi M, Sano S, Kaneko T, Tanaka T, Nakamura H, Suganuma N. Anti-inflammatory effects of sacran, a novel polysaccharide from Aphanothece sacrum, on 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene-induced allergic dermatitis in vivo. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 108:117-22. [PMID: 22289731 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacran is a newly discovered sulfated polysaccharide extracted from an algae, Aphanothece sacrum, grown in a river of the Kyushu region in Japan. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sacran's inhibitory effect in 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced allergic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. METHODS Sacran was extracted by acid and alkaline treatment of A sacrum cyanobacterial biomaterials. To sensitize mice, 150 μL of 5% TNCB was applied epicutaneously on the abdomen of each mouse on day 1 and challenged with 15 μL of 1% TNCB applied on the ear skin of mice on day 8 and then every other day to induce skin lesions. Serum levels of inflammatory markers were measured and histopathologic examination of ear skin specimens performed. On the other hand, sacran's transepidermal water loss was evaluated in 11 volunteer women with dry skin. RESULTS Epicutaneous application of sacran in mice has significantly inhibited the development of allergic dermatitis skin lesions and reduced the number of scratching behavior episodes (P < .01). In addition, sacran efficiently inhibited IgE (P < .001), tumor necrosis factor α (P = .02), interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon γ (P < .01; vs buffer in the TNCB group) production and eosinophilic infiltration in the chemical allergen-exposed ear skin. In addition, sacran-treated body regions of human volunteers with dry skin significantly reduced transepidermal water loss levels compared with exogenous hyaluronic acid (P < .01), which is known to improve skin moisture and exert skin barrier repair activity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sacran exerts anti-inflammatory effects by improving skin barrier function and reducing T(H)2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nlandu Roger Ngatu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Kim CH, Park CD, Lee AY. Administration of poly(I:C) improved dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Vaccine 2011; 30:2405-10. [PMID: 22119586 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a chronic and replapsing skin disease with Th2-dominant allergic inflammation. Poly(I:C) has been shown to have immunopotentiator properties, but its effect on AD has not been examined. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of poly(I:C), using dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, were investigated. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the treatment with poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that treatment of poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. Moreover, poly(I:C) increased the level of IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine, whereas decreasing that of selective Th2 cytokine both in vivo and in vitro. The levels of serum IgE and Th2 chemokines such as eotaxin, TARC, in spleen cells were also reduced by poly(I:C). These results suggest that poly(I:C) inhibit the development of Df-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, our results indicate that poly(I:C) might be a useful immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Kim
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Science Research Center, Goyang 410-773, South Korea
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336
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Nakayama N, Yamaura K, Shimada M, Ueno K. Extract from peel of Citrus natsudaidai alleviates experimental chronic allergic dermatitis in mice. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 3:155-9. [PMID: 22022162 PMCID: PMC3193614 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.84999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus natsudaidai (natsumikan) is a typical citrus fruit containing several antioxidative nutrients which are found in higher concentration in the peel than in the pulp of the fruit. In this study, we examined whether extract from immature natsumikan peel prevents development of chronic allergic dermatitis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic allergic dermatitis was induced by repeated application of 2, 4, 6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene in BALB/c mice and natsumikan was administrated orally for 30 days. Ear swelling and dermatitis score were measured after each challenge. The level of derivative-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) in serum was measured on day 30. RESULTS Treatment of natsumikan significantly attenuated the increase in ear swelling and improved dermatitis scores. In addition, increases in serum d-ROM were attenuated by a treatment of natsumikan. Although the routine treatment with dexamethasone resulted in a clear and significant reduction in body weight, natsumikan treatment did not have such effects. CONCLUSION Immature natsumikan peel is beneficial for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nakayama
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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337
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Mast cell interleukin-2 production contributes to suppression of chronic allergic dermatitis. Immunity 2011; 35:562-71. [PMID: 21982597 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic allergic dermatitis is rapidly increasing. Regulatory control of this disease has not been adequately explored. Here we report that mast cell-derived interleukin-2 (IL-2) contributes to the suppression of chronic allergic dermatitis. Mice deficient in IL-2 production, or deficient in mast cells (Kit(W-sh/W-sh)), showed exacerbated dermatitis upon repeated oxazolone challenge when compared to their wild-type counterparts. Adoptive transfer of wild-type, but not Il2(-/-), mast cells into Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice dampened the inflammatory response. During the course of disease, mast cell expansion occurred at the site of inflammation and also in the spleen, where production of IL-2 by mast cells was markedly enhanced. In the absence of mast cell IL-2 production, the ratio of activated to regulatory T cells at the site of inflammation was increased. Thus, MC-derived IL-2 contributes to the maintenance of suppression in chronic allergic skin inflammation.
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338
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Küchler S, Henkes D, Eckl KM, Ackermann K, Plendl J, Korting HC, Hennies HC, Schäfer-Korting M. Hallmarks of Atopic Skin Mimicked In Vitro by Means of a Skin Disease Model Based on FLG Knock-down. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 39:471-80. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291103900508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) are a strong predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis, although their relevance to the disease pathomechanism needs further elucidation. The generation of an in vitro model of atopic skin would not only permit further evaluation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the testing of new treatment options, but would also allow toxicological studies to be performed in a simple, rapid and inexpensive manner. In this study, we have knocked down FLG expression in human keratinocytes and created three-dimensional skin models, which we used to investigate the impact of FLG on epidermal maturation and on skin absorption and its response to irritation. Histopathological evaluation of the skin models showed impaired epidermal differentiation in the FLG knockdown model. In addition, skin irritation induced by an application of sodium dodecyl sulphate resulted in significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels, than in the control model. To assess the effect of filaggrin deficiency on skin absorption of topically applied agents, we quantified the percutaneous absorption of lipophilic and hydrophilic model drugs, finding clinical relevance only for lipophilic drugs. This study clearly demonstrates that important clinical characteristics of atopic skin can be mimicked by using in vitro skin models. The FLG knock-down construct is the first step toward an in vitro model that allows clinical and toxicological studies of atopic-like skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Küchler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Henkes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja-Martina Eckl
- Cologne Centre for Genomics, Department of Dermatogenetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Korting
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Hennies
- Cologne Centre for Genomics, Department of Dermatogenetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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339
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Differential effects of peptidoglycan recognition proteins on experimental atopic and contact dermatitis mediated by Treg and Th17 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24961. [PMID: 21949809 PMCID: PMC3174980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin protects the body from the environment and is an important component of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis are among the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases and are both determined by multigenic predisposition, environmental factors, and aberrant immune response. Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (Pglyrps) are expressed in the skin and we report here that they modulate sensitivity to experimentally-induced atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Pglyrp3(-/-) and Pglyrp4(-/-) mice (but not Pglyrp2(-/-) mice) develop more severe oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis than wild type (WT) mice. The common mechanism underlying this increased sensitivity of Pglyrp3(-/-) and Pglyrp4(-/-) mice to atopic dermatitis is reduced recruitment of Treg cells to the skin and enhanced production and activation Th17 cells in Pglyrp3(-/-) and Pglyrp4(-/-) mice, which results in more severe inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation. This mechanism is supported by decreased inflammation in Pglyrp3(-/-) mice following in vivo induction of Treg cells by vitamin D or after neutralization of IL-17. By contrast, Pglyrp1(-/-) mice develop less severe oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis and also oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis than WT mice. Thus, Pglyrp3 and Pglyrp4 limit over-activation of Th17 cells by promoting accumulation of Treg cells at the site of chronic inflammation, which protects the skin from exaggerated inflammatory response to cell activators and allergens, whereas Pglyrp1 has an opposite pro-inflammatory effect in the skin.
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340
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Orita K, Hiramoto K, Kobayashi H, Ishii M, Sekiyama A, Inoue M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormones of iNOS origin play important roles in the allergic reactions of atopic dermatitis in mice. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:911-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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341
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Choi EJ, Lee S, Kim HH, Singh TSK, Choi JK, Choi HG, Suh WM, Lee SH, Kim SH. Suppression of dust mite extract and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis by the water extract of Lindera obtusiloba. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:802-807. [PMID: 21762765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Lindera obtusiloba has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation and dermatitis. In this study, we investigated the effect of topical application of Lindera obtusiloba water extract (LOWE) on the house dust mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We established AD model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of DFE/DNCB to the ears. After a topical application of LOWE on the skin lesions, the epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and histamine were measured. In addition, the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-31, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the ears was assayed. RESULTS LOWE reduced AD symptoms based on ear thickness, histopathological analysis, and serum IgE levels. LOWE inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and elevation of serum histamine in AD model. Moreover, LOWE suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TNF-α in the ears. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that topical application of LOWE exerts beneficial effects in AD symptoms, suggesting that LOWE might be a candidate for the treatment of AD.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Allergic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides
- Dermatitis, Atopic/chemically induced
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Dinitrochlorobenzene
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ear
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Histamine/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukins/genetics
- Lindera/chemistry
- Mast Cells/drug effects
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
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342
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Jang AH, Kim TH, Kim GD, Kim JE, Kim HJ, Kim SS, Jin YH, Park YS, Park CS. Rosmarinic acid attenuates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1271-7. [PMID: 21504802 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, and its incidence is increasing in industrialized countries. Furthermore, the epicutaneous application of a hapten, such as 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), evokes an AD-like lesion in NC/Nga mice under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a secondary metabolite that is frequently found in herbs, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial effects. In this study, we studied whether RA is an effective treatment against DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. RA at 1 or 5 μM was found to suppress the productions of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 significantly by activated CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of RA at 10 or 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited skin lesion development and ear thickness and total serum IgE level increases in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice. In addition, intraperitoneal administered RA at 10 or 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the infiltrations of CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and mast cells into DNFB-induced skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. This study suggests that RA suppresses the development of AD-like dermatitis in DNFB-treated NC/Nga mice by reducing IFN-γ and IL-4 production by activated T cells and total serum IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hee Jang
- Department of Microbiology (BK21), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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343
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Type 2 helper T-cell cytokines induce morphologic and molecular characteristics of atopic dermatitis in human skin equivalent. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2091-9. [PMID: 21514424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both the immune system and the epidermis likely have an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of the present study was to develop a human skin equivalent model exhibiting morphologic and molecular characteristics of AD in a controlled manner. Skin equivalents generated from normal adult human keratinocytes were stimulated with type 2 T-helper cell (Th2) cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, and morphologic features and gene expression of the epidermis were studied. Th2 cytokines induced intercellular edema similar to spongiotic changes observed in lesional AD as assessed at histopathologic analysis and electron microscopy. Furthermore, genes known to be specifically expressed in epidermis of patients with AD such as CAII and NELL2 were induced. In contrast, expression of psoriasis-associated genes such as elafin and hBD2 was not changed. Th2 cytokines caused DNA fragmentation in the keratinocytes, which could be inhibited by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD, which suggests that apoptosis was induced. In addition, up-regulation of the death receptor Fas was observed in keratinocytes after Th2 cytokine stimulation. IL-4 and IL-13 induced phosphorylation of the signaling molecule STAT6. It was concluded that the skin equivalent model described herein may be useful in investigation of the epidermal aspects of AD and for study of drugs that act at the level of keratinocyte biology.
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344
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Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects ofSchizandra chinensisextract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:292-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.602689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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345
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Lee JS, Kim IS, Ryu JS, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim DH, Yun CY. The Inhibitory Effect of Duchesnea chrysantha
Extract on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions by Regulating IgE and Cytokine Production in Nc/Nga Mice. Phytother Res 2011; 26:284-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Wonkwang Health Science University; Iksan 570-750 South Korea
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science; School of Medicine, Eulji University; Daejeon 301-832 Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Ryu
- Department of Biology; Daejeon University; Daejeon 300-716 Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science; Kyungwon University; Seongnam 461-701 Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine; Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development; Daejeon 305-811 Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology; College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University; Daejeon 300-716 Korea
| | - Chi-Young Yun
- Department of Pathology; College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University; Daejeon 300-716 Korea
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346
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Topical application of a phospholipid mixture purified from pig lungs ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced allergic contact dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4237-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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347
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Kim CH, Cheong KA, Park CD, Lee AY. Glucosamine improved atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by inhibition of Th2 cell development. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:536-45. [PMID: 21284687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated Th subset responses, characterized by Th2-dominant allergic inflammation, are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Glucosamine has been shown to have immunosuppressive properties, but its effect on AD has not been examined. In this study, the immunoregulatory effects of glucosamine, using dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, were investigated. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the treatment with glucosamine at 10 and 20 mg/day. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that treatment of glucosamine at 10 and 20 mg/day significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. The levels of serum IgE and Th2 cytokines in spleen cells were reduced, whereas no significant change was detected in IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine. To determine the mechanism associated with inhibition of the Th2 immune response, the effects of glucosamine on the selective differentiation pathway of the Th subset in vitro was examined in NC/Nga mice. The results showed that glucosamine suppressed the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells to Th2 cells in vitro. On the basis of in vivo and in vitro results of the NC/Nga mice, the immunobiological effects of glucosamine on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD were examined. The production of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, was significantly decreased after in vitro administration of glucosamine, which suggest that glucosamine might be a useful immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Goyang, South Korea
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348
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an important chronic or relapsing inflammatory skin disease that often precedes asthma and allergic disorders. New insights into the genetics and pathophysiology of AD point to an important role of structural abnormalities in the epidermis as well as immune dysregulation not only for this skin disease but also for the development of asthma and allergies. Patients with AD have a unique predisposition to colonization or infection by microbial organisms, most notably Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex virus. Measures directed at healing and protecting the skin barrier and addressing the immune dysregulation are essential in the treatment of patients with AD, and early intervention may improve outcomes for both the skin disease as well as other target organs.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Asthma/complications
- Asthma/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/complications
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/physiopathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epidermis/immunology
- Epidermis/metabolism
- Epidermis/physiopathology
- Filaggrin Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Pruritus/complications
- Pruritus/immunology
- Simplexvirus/immunology
- Staphylococcal Skin Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tight Junctions/metabolism
- Tight Junctions/pathology
- Vitamin D/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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349
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Topical application of aloperine improves 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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350
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Choi EJ, Lee S, Hwang JS, Im SH, Jun CD, Lee HS, Kim SH. DA-9601 suppresses 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene and dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1260-4. [PMID: 21511060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DA-9601 (Stillen™) is a novel anti-peptic formulation prepared from the ethanol extracts of Artemisia asiatica possessing anti-oxidative, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, their effect on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been studied yet. In this study, we report that topical application of DA-9601 suppressed house dust mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae extract, DFE) and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice model. We established atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice by repeated local exposure of DFE/DNCB to the ears. Repeated alternative treatment of DFE/DNCB caused AD-like lesions. DA-9601 reduced AD-like skin lesions based on ear thickness and histopathological analysis, and serum IgE levels. DA-9601 inhibited mast cell infiltration into the ear and elevation of serum histamine in AD model. In addition, DA-9601 suppressed DFE/DNCB-induced expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TNF-α in the ears. Taken together, our results showed that topical application of DA-9601 exerts beneficial effects in animal model of AD, suggesting that DA-9601 might be a candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungbuk 380-702, Republic of Korea
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