301
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Boucherat O, Morissette MC, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Maltais F. Bridging Lung Development with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Relevance of Developmental Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:362-75. [PMID: 26681127 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1518pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation. This generic term encompasses emphysema and chronic bronchitis, two common conditions, each having distinct but also overlapping features. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have challenged the traditional view that COPD is exclusively an adult disease occurring after years of inhalational insults to the lungs, pinpointing abnormalities or disruption of the pathways that control lung development as an important susceptibility factor for adult COPD. In addition, there is growing evidence that emphysema is not solely a destructive process because it is also characterized by a failure in cell and molecular maintenance programs necessary for proper lung development. This leads to the concept that tissue regeneration required stimulation of signaling pathways that normally operate during development. We undertook a review of the literature to outline the contribution of developmental insults and genes in the occurrence and pathogenesis of COPD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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302
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Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadász I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S, Fink L, Matrosovich M, Li X, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J, Bellusci S, Herold S. Influenza Virus Infects Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells of the Distal Lung: Impact on Fgfr2b-Driven Epithelial Repair. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005544. [PMID: 27322618 PMCID: PMC4913929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza Virus (IV) pneumonia is associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium and respiratory failure. Apart from efficient host defense, structural repair of the injured epithelium is crucial for survival of severe pneumonia. The molecular mechanisms underlying stem/progenitor cell mediated regenerative responses are not well characterized. In particular, the impact of IV infection on lung stem cells and their regenerative responses remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that a highly pathogenic IV infects various cell populations in the murine lung, but displays a strong tropism to an epithelial cell subset with high proliferative capacity, defined by the signature EpCamhighCD24lowintegrin(α6)high. This cell fraction expressed the stem cell antigen-1, highly enriched lung stem/progenitor cells previously characterized by the signature integrin(β4)+CD200+, and upregulated the p63/krt5 regeneration program after IV-induced injury. Using 3-dimensional organoid cultures derived from these epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC), and in vivo infection models including transgenic mice, we reveal that their expansion, barrier renewal and outcome after IV-induced injury critically depended on Fgfr2b signaling. Importantly, IV infected EpiSPC exhibited severely impaired renewal capacity due to IV-induced blockade of β-catenin-dependent Fgfr2b signaling, evidenced by loss of alveolar tissue repair capacity after intrapulmonary EpiSPC transplantation in vivo. Intratracheal application of exogenous Fgf10, however, resulted in increased engagement of non-infected EpiSPC for tissue regeneration, demonstrated by improved proliferative potential, restoration of alveolar barrier function and increased survival following IV pneumonia. Together, these data suggest that tropism of IV to distal lung stem cell niches represents an important factor of pathogenicity and highlight impaired Fgfr2b signaling as underlying mechanism. Furthermore, increase of alveolar Fgf10 levels may represent a putative therapy to overcome regeneration failure after IV-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Quantius
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana I. Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christin Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar, Germany, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- College of life and Environmental sciences and College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou University town, Zhejiang, China
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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303
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Möbius MA, Rüdiger M. Mesenchymal stromal cells in the development and therapy of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:18. [PMID: 27142639 PMCID: PMC4854850 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the chronic lung disease of prematurity, remains a major healthcare burden. Despite great progresses in perinatal medicine over the past decades, no cure for BPD has been found. The complex pathophysiology of the disease further hampers the development of effective treatment strategies, but recent insights into the biology of mesenchymal stem (MSCs) and progenitor cells in lung development and disease have ignited the hope of preventing or even treating BPD. The promising results of pre-clinical studies have lead to the first early phase clinical trials. However, these treatments are experimental and much more needs to be learned about the mechanism of action and manufacturing of MSCs. In this mini review, we briefly summarize the role of resident and exogenous MSCs in the development and treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany. .,DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden, 01307, Germany. .,Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Mario Rüdiger
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, 01307, Germany.,DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden, 01307, Germany
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304
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Schilders KAA, Eenjes E, van Riet S, Poot AA, Stamatialis D, Truckenmüller R, Hiemstra PS, Rottier RJ. Regeneration of the lung: Lung stem cells and the development of lung mimicking devices. Respir Res 2016; 17:44. [PMID: 27107715 PMCID: PMC4842297 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the increasing burden of lung associated diseases in society and an growing demand to accommodate patients, great efforts by the scientific community produce an increasing stream of data that are focused on delineating the basic principles of lung development and growth, as well as understanding the biomechanical properties to build artificial lung devices. In addition, the continuing efforts to better define the disease origin, progression and pathology by basic scientists and clinicians contributes to insights in the basic principles of lung biology. However, the use of different model systems, experimental approaches and readout systems may generate somewhat conflicting or contradictory results. In an effort to summarize the latest developments in the lung epithelial stem cell biology, we provide an overview of the current status of the field. We first describe the different stem cells, or progenitor cells, residing in the homeostatic lung. Next, we focus on the plasticity of the different cell types upon several injury-induced activation or repair models, and highlight the regenerative capacity of lung cells. Lastly, we summarize the generation of lung mimics, such as air-liquid interface cultures, organoids and lung on a chip, that are required to test emerging hypotheses. Moreover, the increasing collaboration between distinct specializations will contribute to the eventual development of an artificial lung device capable of assisting reduced lung function and capacity in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A A Schilders
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André A Poot
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, P.O Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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305
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Marrazzo P, Maccari S, Taddei A, Bevan L, Telford J, Soriani M, Pezzicoli A. 3D Reconstruction of the Human Airway Mucosa In Vitro as an Experimental Model to Study NTHi Infections. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153985. [PMID: 27101006 PMCID: PMC4839639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established an in vitro 3D system which recapitulates the human tracheo-bronchial mucosa comprehensive of the pseudostratified epithelium and the underlying stromal tissue. In particular, we reported that the mature model, entirely constituted of primary cells of human origin, develops key markers proper of the native tissue such as the mucociliary differentiation of the epithelial sheet and the formation of the basement membrane. The infection of the pseudo-tissue with a strain of NonTypeable Haemophilus influenzae results in bacteria association and crossing of the mucus layer leading to an apparent targeting of the stromal space where they release large amounts of vesicles and form macro-structures. In summary, we propose our in vitro model as a reliable and potentially customizable system to study mid/long term host-pathogen processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Maccari
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Taddei
- Interdepartmental Centre for Electron Microscopy, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luke Bevan
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - John Telford
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Soriani
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail: (AP); (MS)
| | - Alfredo Pezzicoli
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail: (AP); (MS)
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306
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Bertoncello I. Properties of Adult Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2582-9. [PMID: 27062064 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant progress in understanding the organisation of regenerative cells in the adult lung. Cell-lineage tracing and in vitro clonogenic assays have enabled the identification and characterisation of endogenous lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Selective lung injury models, and genetically engineered mice have revealed highly conserved gene networks, factors, signalling pathways, and cellular interactions important in maintaining lung homeostasis and regulating lung regeneration and repair following injury. This review describes the current models of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cell organisation in adult mice, and the impediments encountered in translational studies aiming to identify and characterise their human homologs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2582-2589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bertoncello
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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307
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Naito H, Wakabayashi T, Kidoya H, Muramatsu F, Takara K, Eino D, Yamane K, Iba T, Takakura N. Endothelial Side Population Cells Contribute to Tumor Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenic Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3200-10. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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308
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Savukinas UB, Enes SR, Sjöland AA, Westergren-Thorsson G. Concise Review: The Bystander Effect: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Lung Repair. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1437-44. [PMID: 26991735 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous subset of adult stem/progenitor cells, have surfaced as potential therapeutic units with significant clinical benefit for a wide spectrum of disease conditions, including those affecting the lung. Although MSCs carry both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities, current dogma holds that MSCs mainly contribute to tissue regeneration and repair by modulating the host tissue via secreted cues. Thus, the therapeutic benefit of MSCs is thought to derive from so called bystander effects. The regenerative mechanisms employed by MSCs in the lung include modulation of the immune system as well as promotion of epithelial and endothelial repair. Apart from secreted factors, a number of recent findings suggest that MSCs engage in mitochondrial transfer and shedding of membrane vesicles as a means to enhance tissue repair following injury. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that MSCs are an integral component of epithelial lung stem cell niches. As such, MSCs play an important role in coupling information from the environment to stem and progenitor populations, such that homeostasis can be ensured even in the face of injury. It is the aim of this review to outline the major mechanisms by which MSCs contribute to lung regeneration, synthesizing recent preclinical findings with data from clinical trials and potential for future therapy. Stem Cells 2016;34:1437-1444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Blank Savukinas
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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309
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Yamano S, Gi M, Tago Y, Doi K, Okada S, Hirayama Y, Tachibana H, Ishii N, Fujioka M, Tatsumi K, Wanibuchi H. Role of deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos) cells in the development of N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea-induced peripheral-type mouse lung squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:123-32. [PMID: 26663681 PMCID: PMC4768398 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cells expressing stem cell markers deltaNp63 and CD44v has not yet been elucidated in peripheral-type lung squamous cell carcinoma (pLSCC) carcinogenesis. Female A/J mice were painted topically with N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU) for induction of pLSCC, and the histopathological and molecular characteristics of NTCU-induced lung lesions were examined. Histopathologically, we found atypical bronchiolar hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, squamous dysplasia, and pLSCCs in the treated mice. Furthermore, we identified deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos)CK5/6(pos)CC10(pos) clara cells as key constituents of early precancerous atypical bronchiolar hyperplasia. In addition, deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos) cells existed throughout the atypical bronchiolar hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias, squamous dysplasias, and pLSCCs. Overall, our findings suggest that NTCU induces pLSCC through an atypical bronchiolar hyperplasia-metaplasia-dysplasia-SCC sequence in mouse lung bronchioles. Notably, Ki67-positive deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos) cancer cells, cancer cells overexpressing phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and tumor-associated macrophages were all present in far greater numbers in the peripheral area of the pLSCCs compared with the central area. These findings suggest that deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos) clara cells in mouse lung bronchioles might be the origin of the NTCU-induced pLSCCs. Our findings also suggest that tumor-associated macrophages may contribute to creating a tumor microenvironment in the peripheral area of pLSCCs that allows deltaNp63(pos)CD44v(pos) cancer cell expansion through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and that exerts an immunosuppressive effect through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Yamano
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tago
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kenichiro Doi
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yukiyoshi Hirayama
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Tachibana
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular PathologyOsaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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310
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An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12:S79-97. [PMID: 25897748 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201502-086st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The University of Vermont College of Medicine and the Vermont Lung Center, in collaboration with the NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, International Society for Cell Therapy, and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, convened a workshop, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," held July 29 to August 1, 2013 at the University of Vermont. The conference objectives were to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are all rapidly expanding areas of study that both provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, discuss and debate current controversies, and identify future research directions and opportunities for both basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. This conference was a follow-up to four previous biennial conferences held at the University of Vermont in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. Each of those conferences, also sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, American Thoracic Society, and Respiratory Disease Foundations, has been important in helping guide research and funding priorities. The major conference recommendations are summarized at the end of the report and highlight both the significant progress and major challenges in these rapidly progressing fields.
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311
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Lung Regeneration: Endogenous and Exogenous Stem Cell Mediated Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010128. [PMID: 26797607 PMCID: PMC4730369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue turnover of unperturbed adult lung is remarkably slow. However, after injury or insult, a specialised group of facultative lung progenitors become activated to replenish damaged tissue through a reparative process called regeneration. Disruption in this process results in healing by fibrosis causing aberrant lung remodelling and organ dysfunction. Post-insult failure of regeneration leads to various incurable lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, identification of true endogenous lung progenitors/stem cells, and their regenerative pathway are crucial for next-generation therapeutic development. Recent studies provide exciting and novel insights into postnatal lung development and post-injury lung regeneration by native lung progenitors. Furthermore, exogenous application of bone marrow stem cells, embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) show evidences of their regenerative capacity in the repair of injured and diseased lungs. With the advent of modern tissue engineering techniques, whole lung regeneration in the lab using de-cellularised tissue scaffold and stem cells is now becoming reality. In this review, we will highlight the advancement of our understanding in lung regeneration and development of stem cell mediated therapeutic strategies in combating incurable lung diseases.
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312
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Cao Z, Lis R, Ginsberg M, Chavez D, Shido K, Rabbany SY, Fong GH, Sakmar TP, Rafii S, Ding BS. Targeting of the pulmonary capillary vascular niche promotes lung alveolar repair and ameliorates fibrosis. Nat Med 2016; 22:154-62. [PMID: 26779814 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the lung can undergo self-repair after injury, fibrosis in chronically injured or diseased lungs can occur at the expense of regeneration. Here we study how a hematopoietic-vascular niche regulates alveolar repair and lung fibrosis. Using intratracheal injection of bleomycin or hydrochloric acid in mice, we show that repetitive lung injury activates pulmonary capillary endothelial cells (PCECs) and perivascular macrophages, impeding alveolar repair and promoting fibrosis. Whereas the chemokine receptor CXCR7, expressed on PCECs, acts to prevent epithelial damage and ameliorate fibrosis after a single round of treatment with bleomycin or hydrochloric acid, repeated injury leads to suppression of CXCR7 expression and recruitment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1)-expressing perivascular macrophages. This recruitment stimulates Wnt/β-catenin-dependent persistent upregulation of the Notch ligand Jagged1 (encoded by Jag1) in PCECs, which in turn stimulates exuberant Notch signaling in perivascular fibroblasts and enhances fibrosis. Administration of a CXCR7 agonist or PCEC-targeted Jag1 shRNA after lung injury promotes alveolar repair and reduces fibrosis. Thus, targeting of a maladapted hematopoietic-vascular niche, in which macrophages, PCECs and perivascular fibroblasts interact, may help to develop therapy to spur lung regeneration and alleviate fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Cao
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Deebly Chavez
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Koji Shido
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Bioengineering Program, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology &Signal Transduction, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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313
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Mammoto T, Chen Z, Jiang A, Jiang E, Ingber DE, Mammoto A. Acceleration of Lung Regeneration by Platelet-Rich Plasma Extract through the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5-Tie2 Pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:103-13. [PMID: 26091161 PMCID: PMC5455682 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0045oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, plays a key role in organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. The cooperation of multiple angiogenic factors, rather than a single factor, is required for physiological angiogenesis. Recently, we have reported that soluble platelet-rich plasma (PRP) extract, which contains abundant angiopoietin-1 and multiple other angiogenic factors, stimulates angiogenesis and maintains vascular integrity in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we have demonstrated that mouse PRP extract increases phosphorylation levels of the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and thereby activates angiogenic factor receptor Tie2 in endothelial cells (ECs) and accelerates EC sprouting and lung epithelial cell budding in vitro. PRP extract also increases phosphorylation levels of Tie2 in the mouse lungs and accelerates compensatory lung growth and recovery of exercise capacity after unilateral pneumonectomy in mice, whereas soluble Tie2 receptor or Lrp5 knockdown attenuates the effects of PRP extract. Because human PRP extract is generated from autologous peripheral blood and can be stored at -80°C, our findings may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for various angiogenesis-related lung diseases and to the improvement of strategies for lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts; and
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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314
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Henry FS, Tsuda A. Onset of alveolar recirculation in the developing lungs and its consequence on nanoparticle deposition in the pulmonary acinus. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:38-54. [PMID: 26494453 PMCID: PMC4698443 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01161.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the gas exchange region of the human lung (the pulmonary acinus) undergoes profound change in the first few years of life. In this paper, we investigate numerically how the change in alveolar shape with time affects the rate of nanoparticle deposition deep in the lung during postnatal development. As human infant data is unavailable, we use a rat model of lung development. The process of postnatal lung development in the rat is remarkably similar to that of the human, and the structure of the rat acinus is indistinguishable from that of the human acinus. The current numerical predictions support our group's recent in vivo findings, which were also obtained by using growing rat lung models, that nanoparticle deposition in infants is strongly affected by the change in the structure of the pulmonary acinus. In humans, this major structural change occurs over the first 2 yr of life. Our current predictions would suggest that human infants at the age of ∼ 2 yr might be most at risk to the harmful effects of air pollution. Our results also suggest that dose estimates for inhalation therapies using nanoparticles, based on fully developed adult lungs with simple body weight scaling, are likely to overestimate deposition by up to 55% for newborns and underestimate deposition by up to 17% for 2-yr-old infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Henry
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and Deptartment of Mechanical Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York
| | - Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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315
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Abstract
The discovery of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs) has ushered in an exciting new era of regenerative medicine. Human pluripotent stem cells can be "directed" in vitro toward lung epithelium by applying specific stepwise combinations of growth factors that recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of respiratory development in animal models. In a relatively short time, there has been significant progress in deriving lung epithelium from ESCs/iPSCs. These directed differentiation protocols include high concentrations of activin A to induce definitive endoderm followed by dual inhibition of bone morphogenic protein and TGF-β signaling pathways to produce anterior foregut endoderm. Subsequent stimulation of Wnt, bone morphogenic protein, and fibroblast growth factor signaling leads to lung epithelial lineage specification, identified by the expression of Nkx2.1. These cells subsequently express other markers of the developing lung and a variety of lung epithelial subtypes. The major limitation in the field currently is deriving and characterizing mature, functional lung epithelium. The generation of iPSCs is now well established, and researchers have generated iPSCs from patients with acquired and inherited lung diseases. This platform offers unparalleled opportunities to model lung development and disease using human cells.
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316
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Tashiro J, Elliot SJ, Gerth DJ, Xia X, Pereira-Simon S, Choi R, Catanuto P, Shahzeidi S, Toonkel RL, Shah RH, El Salem F, Glassberg MK. Therapeutic benefits of young, but not old, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a chronic mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2015; 166:554-67. [PMID: 26432923 PMCID: PMC4922649 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The observation that pulmonary inflammatory lesions and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis spontaneously resolve in young mice, whereas remaining irreversible in aged mice suggests that impairment of pulmonary regeneration and repair is associated with aging. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may promote repair after injury, we postulated that differences in MSCs from aged mice may underlie postinjury fibrosis in aging. The potential for young-donor MSCs to inhibit BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged male mice (>22 months) has not been studied. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) from young (4 months) and old (22 months) male mice were infused 1 day after intratracheal BLM administration. At 21-day sacrifice, aged BLM mice demonstrated lung fibrosis by Ashcroft score, collagen content, and α(v)-integrin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Lung tissue from aged BLM mice receiving young ASCs exhibited decreased fibrosis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity, oxidative stress, and markers of apoptosis vs BLM controls. Lung mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also decreased in aged BLM mice receiving young-donor ASCs vs BLM controls. In contrast, old-donor ASC treatment in aged BLM mice did not reduce fibrosis and related markers. On examination of the cells, young-donor ASCs had decreased mRNA expression of MMP-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, and protein kinase B (AKT) activation compared with old-donor ASCs. These results show that the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice could be blocked by young-donor ASCs and that the mechanisms involve changes in collagen turnover and markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tashiro
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Sharon J Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - David J Gerth
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rhea Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Paola Catanuto
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Shahriar Shahzeidi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Rebecca L Toonkel
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Fla
| | - Rahil H Shah
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
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317
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Therapeutic antibodies reveal Notch control of transdifferentiation in the adult lung. Nature 2015; 528:127-31. [PMID: 26580007 DOI: 10.1038/nature15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevailing dogma holds that cell-cell communication through Notch ligands and receptors determines binary cell fate decisions during progenitor cell divisions, with differentiated lineages remaining fixed. Mucociliary clearance in mammalian respiratory airways depends on secretory cells (club and goblet) and ciliated cells to produce and transport mucus. During development or repair, the closely related Jagged ligands (JAG1 and JAG2) induce Notch signalling to determine the fate of these lineages as they descend from a common proliferating progenitor. In contrast to such situations in which cell fate decisions are made in rapidly dividing populations, cells of the homeostatic adult airway epithelium are long-lived, and little is known about the role of active Notch signalling under such conditions. To disrupt Jagged signalling acutely in adult mammals, here we generate antibody antagonists that selectively target each Jagged paralogue, and determine a crystal structure that explains selectivity. We show that acute Jagged blockade induces a rapid and near-complete loss of club cells, with a concomitant gain in ciliated cells, under homeostatic conditions without increased cell death or division. Fate analyses demonstrate a direct conversion of club cells to ciliated cells without proliferation, meeting a conservative definition of direct transdifferentiation. Jagged inhibition also reversed goblet cell metaplasia in a preclinical asthma model, providing a therapeutic foundation. Our discovery that Jagged antagonism relieves a blockade of cell-to-cell conversion unveils unexpected plasticity, and establishes a model for Notch regulation of transdifferentiation.
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318
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Deuse T, Schrepfer S. Distal Airway Stem Cells are Essential for Lung Regeneration. Transplantation 2015; 99:1540-1. [PMID: 26308298 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- 1 Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. 2 TSI-Laboratory, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. 3 Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg (CVRC), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 4 German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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319
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Yang IV, Fingerlin TE, Evans CM, Schwarz MI, Schwartz DA. MUC5B and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12 Suppl 2:S193-9. [PMID: 26595739 PMCID: PMC4722833 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201503-110aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal disease that is a result of complex interactions between genetics and the environment, has limited treatment options. We have identified the MUC5B promoter polymorphism and other common genetic variants that in aggregate explain roughly one-third of disease risk. The MUC5B promoter polymorphism is the strongest and the most replicated genetic risk factor for IPF, appears to be protective and predictive in this disease, and is likely involved in disease pathogenesis through an increase in MUC5B expression in terminal bronchi and honeycombed cysts. Expression of MUC5B is also highly correlated with expression of cilium genes in IPF lung. Our work suggests that mucociliary dysfunction in the distal airway may play a role in the development of progressive fibroproliferative lung disease. In addition, our work has important implications for secondary prevention, early detection, and future early and personalized treatment based on genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marvin I. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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320
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) representing the most aggressive subtype. Standard treatments have not changed in decades, and the 5-year survival rate has remained <7%. Genomic analyses have identified key driver mutations of SCLC that were subsequently validated in animal models of SCLC. To provide better treatment options, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SCLC initiation, progression, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance is required. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of SCLC, features of the cell of origin, and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Semenova
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Nagel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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321
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Snyder JM, Washington IM, Birkland T, Chang MY, Frevert CW. Correlation of Versican Expression, Accumulation, and Degradation during Embryonic Development by Quantitative Immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:952-67. [PMID: 26385570 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415610383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is important in embryonic development, and disruption of the versican gene is embryonically lethal in the mouse. Although several studies show that versican is increased in various organs during development, a focused quantitative study on versican expression and distribution during lung and central nervous system development in the mouse has not previously been performed. We tracked changes in versican (Vcan) gene expression and in the accumulation and degradation of versican. Vcan expression and quantitative immunohistochemistry performed from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E15.5 showed peak Vcan expression at E13.5 in the lungs and brain. Quantitative mRNA analysis and versican immunohistochemistry showed differences in the expression of the versican isoforms in the embryonic lung and head. The expression of Vcan mRNA and accumulation of versican in tissues was complementary. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-localization of versican accumulation and degradation, suggesting distinct roles of versican deposition and degradation in embryogenesis. Very little versican mRNA or protein was found in the lungs of 12- to 16-week-old mice but versican accumulation was significantly increased in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. These data suggest that versican plays an important role in fundamental, overlapping cellular processes in lung development and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JMS, IMW, MYC, CWF)
| | - Ida M Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JMS, IMW, MYC, CWF)
| | - Timothy Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (TB, MYC, CWF)
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JMS, IMW, MYC, CWF),Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (TB, MYC, CWF)
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (JMS, IMW, MYC, CWF),Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (TB, MYC, CWF)
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322
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Silva DMG, Nardiello C, Pozarska A, Morty RE. Recent advances in the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1239-72. [PMID: 26361876 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolarization is the process by which the alveoli, the principal gas exchange units of the lung, are formed. Along with the maturation of the pulmonary vasculature, alveolarization is the objective of late lung development. The terminal airspaces that were formed during early lung development are divided by the process of secondary septation, progressively generating an increasing number of alveoli that are of smaller size, which substantially increases the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Disturbances to alveolarization occur in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which can be complicated by perturbations to the pulmonary vasculature that are associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension. Disturbances to lung development may also occur in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in term newborn infants, as well as in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. These disturbances can lead to the formation of lungs with fewer and larger alveoli and a dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Consequently, affected lungs exhibit a reduced capacity for gas exchange, with important implications for morbidity and mortality in the immediate postnatal period and respiratory health consequences that may persist into adulthood. It is the objective of this Perspectives article to update the reader about recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of alveolarization and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M G Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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323
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Henry E, Cores J, Hensley MT, Anthony S, Vandergriff A, de Andrade JBM, Allen T, Caranasos TG, Lobo LJ, Cheng K. Adult Lung Spheroid Cells Contain Progenitor Cells and Mediate Regeneration in Rodents With Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1265-74. [PMID: 26359426 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lung diseases are devastating conditions and ranked as one of the top five causes of mortality worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for lung regeneration. Previous animal and clinical studies have focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (from other parts of the body) for lung regenerative therapies. We report a rapid and robust method to generate therapeutic resident lung progenitors from adult lung tissues. Outgrowth cells from healthy lung tissue explants are self-aggregated into three-dimensional lung spheroids in a suspension culture. Without antigenic sorting, the lung spheroids recapitulate the stem cell niche and contain a natural mixture of lung stem cells and supporting cells. In vitro, lung spheroid cells can be expanded to a large quantity and can form alveoli-like structures and acquire mature lung epithelial phenotypes. In severe combined immunodeficiency mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, intravenous injection of human lung spheroid cells inhibited apoptosis, fibrosis, and infiltration but promoted angiogenesis. In a syngeneic rat model of pulmonary fibrosis, lung spheroid cells outperformed adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in reducing fibrotic thickening and infiltration. Previously, lung spheroid cells (the spheroid model) had only been used to study lung cancer cells. Our data suggest that lung spheroids and lung spheroid cells from healthy lung tissues are excellent sources of regenerative lung cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE The results from the present study will lead to future human clinical trials using lung stem cell therapies to treat various incurable lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. The data presented here also provide fundamental knowledge regarding how injected stem cells mediate lung repair in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Henry
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jhon Cores
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shirena Anthony
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Vandergriff
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James B M de Andrade
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tyler Allen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leonard J Lobo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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324
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Abstract
The respiratory endoderm develops from a small cluster of cells located on the ventral anterior foregut. This population of progenitors generates the myriad epithelial lineages required for proper lung function in adults through a complex and delicately balanced series of developmental events controlled by many critical signaling and transcription factor pathways. In the past decade, understanding of this process has grown enormously, helped in part by cell lineage fate analysis and deep sequencing of the transcriptomes of various progenitors and differentiated cell types. This review explores how these new techniques, coupled with more traditional approaches, have provided a detailed picture of development of the epithelial lineages in the lung and insight into how aberrant development can lead to lung disease.
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325
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Stabler CT, Lecht S, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI. Mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic applications in pulmonary medicine. Br Med Bull 2015; 115:45-56. [PMID: 26063231 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of different biological sources are in Phase 1 clinical trials and are being considered for Phase 2 therapy of lung disorders, and lung (progenitor) cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (SCs) are under development in preclinical animal models. SOURCES OF DATA PubMed.gov and ClinicalTrials.gov. AREAS OF AGREEMENT There is consensus about the therapeutic potential of transplanted SCs, mainly MSCs, primarily involves paracrine 'bystander' effects that confer protection of the epithelial and endothelial linings of the lung caused by inflammation and/or fibrosis and lead to increased survival in animal models. Clinical trials of Phase 1 indicate safety and suggest that the efficacy of SC therapy in patients with various lung diseases will require a higher dosage than previously evaluated. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY A growing interest in the re-epithelialization and re-endothelialization of damaged lung tissue involves the putative pulmonary differentiation of exogenous MSCs. Currently, it is not clear whether or not the observed regeneration of distal airways/vasculature is derived from lung-resident and/or transplanted SCs. GROWING POINTS Important topics under investigation include optimization of the cell source with a decrease in cell population heterogeneity characterized by defined markers, route of delivery for effective treatment, potential dose and therapeutic protocol of SC application, development of quantitative assays and biomarkers of lung disease and repair, and the potential use of tissue engineered lung. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Ability of MSCs to differentiate into epithelial cells of the lung, use of autologous induced pluripotent SCs (iPSCs) derived from the patients, complete biochemical characterization of the secretome of SCs used for therapy, and the incorporation of simultaneous and/or subsequent treatment with drugs which also aid in lung repair and regeneration. CAUTIONARY NOTE Although safety of MSC-based cell therapy was proved in Phase 1, efficacy, long-term survival and preservation of lung respiratory function need to be further evaluated, cautioning against hastily translating SCs therapy from animal models of lung injury to clinical trials of patients with lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Stabler
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Shimon Lecht
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA Temple Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (TIME), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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326
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Kavanagh JN, Waring EJ, Prise KM. Radiation responses of stem cells: targeted and non-targeted effects. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2015; 166:110-117. [PMID: 25877536 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental to the development of any tissue or organism via their ability to self-renew, which is aided by their unlimited proliferative capacity and their ability to produce fully differentiated offspring, often from multiple lineages. Stems cells are long lived and have the potential to accumulate mutations, including in response to radiation exposure. It is thought that stem cells have the potential to be induced into a cancer stem cell phenotype and that these may play an important role in resistance to radiotherapy. For radiation-induced carcinogenesis, the role of targeted and non-targeted effects is unclear with tissue or origin being important. Studies of genomic instability and bystander responses have shown consistent effects in haematopoietic models. Several models of radiation have predicted that stem cells play an important role in tumour initiation and that bystander responses could play a role in proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Kavanagh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - E J Waring
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - K M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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327
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Li C, Bellusci S, Borok Z, Minoo P. Non-canonical WNT signalling in the lung. J Biochem 2015; 158:355-65. [PMID: 26261051 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of WNT signalling in metazoan organogenesis has been a topic of widespread interest. In the lung, while the role of canonical WNT signalling has been examined in some detail by multiple studies, the non-canonical WNT signalling has received limited attention. Reliable evidence shows that this important signalling mechanism constitutes a major regulatory pathway in lung development. In addition, accumulating evidence has also shown that the non-canonical WNT pathway is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis and that aberrant activation of this pathway may underlie several debilitating lung diseases. Functional analyses have further revealed that the non-canonical WNT pathway regulates multiple cellular activities in the lung that are dependent on the specific cellular context. In most cell types, non-canonical WNT signalling regulates canonical WNT activity, which is also critical for many aspects of lung biology. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of non-canonical WNT signalling in lung development, homeostasis and pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), D-35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), D-35390 Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; and
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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328
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Prakash YS, Tschumperlin DJ, Stenmark KR. Coming to terms with tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L625-38. [PMID: 26254424 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as emphysema, interstitial fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality, but despite substantial mechanistic understanding, clinical management options for them are limited, with lung transplantation being implemented at end stages. However, limited donor lung availability, graft rejection, and long-term problems after transplantation are major hurdles to lung transplantation being a panacea. Bioengineering the lung is an exciting and emerging solution that has the ultimate aim of generating lung tissues and organs for transplantation. In this article we capture and review the current state of the art in lung bioengineering, from the multimodal approaches, to creating anatomically appropriate lung scaffolds that can be recellularized to eventually yield functioning, transplant-ready lungs. Strategies for decellularizing mammalian lungs to create scaffolds with native extracellular matrix components vs. de novo generation of scaffolds using biocompatible materials are discussed. Strengths vs. limitations of recellularization using different cell types of various pluripotency such as embryonic, mesenchymal, and induced pluripotent stem cells are highlighted. Current hurdles to guide future research toward achieving the clinical goal of transplantation of a bioengineered lung are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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329
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Szymaniak AD, Mahoney JE, Cardoso WV, Varelas X. Crumbs3-Mediated Polarity Directs Airway Epithelial Cell Fate through the Hippo Pathway Effector Yap. Dev Cell 2015; 34:283-96. [PMID: 26235047 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells undergo dynamic polarity changes as organs pattern, but the relationship between epithelial polarity and cell fate is poorly understood. Using the developing lung as a model, we found that distinct alterations in apical-basal polarity dictate airway epithelial differentiation. We demonstrate that Crb3, a Crumbs isoform that determines epithelial apical domain identity, is required for airway differentiation by controlling the localization of the transcriptional regulator Yap. We show that Crb3 promotes the interaction between Yap and the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2 at apical cell junctions to induce Yap phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention, which drive cell differentiation. Loss of Crb3 in developing mouse airways or isolated adult airway progenitors results in unrestricted nuclear Yap activity and consequent cell differentiation defects. Our findings demonstrate that polarity-dependent cues control airway cell differentiation, offering important molecular insights into organ patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Mahoney
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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330
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Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Stem Cells and Their Mediators - Next Generation Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26284246 PMCID: PMC4520239 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of premature birth. Despite great achievements in perinatal medicine over the past decades, there is no treatment for BPD. Recent insights into the biology of stem/progenitor cells have ignited the hope of regenerating damaged organs. Animal experiments revealed promising lung protection/regeneration with stem/progenitor cells in experimental models of BPD and led to first clinical studies in infants. However, these therapies are still experimental and knowledge on the exact mechanisms of action of these cells is limited. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the therapeutic cell populations and missing potency assays currently limit our ability to predict a cell product’s efficacy. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal, endothelial progenitor, and amniotic epithelial cells for BPD. Current knowledge on the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of stem cells is briefly summarized. Finally, we discuss the obstacles constraining their transition from bench-to-bedside and present potential approaches to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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331
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Schiller HB, Fernandez IE, Burgstaller G, Schaab C, Scheltema RA, Schwarzmayr T, Strom TM, Eickelberg O, Mann M. Time- and compartment-resolved proteome profiling of the extracellular niche in lung injury and repair. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:819. [PMID: 26174933 PMCID: PMC4547847 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of tissue morphogenesis and repair. However, its composition and architecture are not well characterized. Here, we monitor remodeling of the extracellular niche in tissue repair in the bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. Mass spectrometry quantified 8,366 proteins from total tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) over the course of 8 weeks, surveying tissue composition from the onset of inflammation and fibrosis to its full recovery. Combined analysis of proteome, secretome, and transcriptome highlighted post-transcriptional events during tissue fibrogenesis and defined the composition of airway epithelial lining fluid. To comprehensively characterize the ECM, we developed a quantitative detergent solubility profiling (QDSP) method, which identified Emilin-2 and collagen-XXVIII as novel constituents of the provisional repair matrix. QDSP revealed which secreted proteins interact with the ECM, and showed drastically altered association of morphogens to the insoluble matrix upon injury. Thus, our proteomic systems biology study assigns proteins to tissue compartments and uncovers their dynamic regulation upon lung injury and repair, potentially contributing to the development of anti-fibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Schiller
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isis E Fernandez
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaab
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard A Scheltema
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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332
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Preconditioning allows engraftment of mouse and human embryonic lung cells, enabling lung repair in mice. Nat Med 2015; 21:869-79. [PMID: 26168294 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Repair of injured lungs represents a longstanding therapeutic challenge. We show that human and mouse embryonic lung tissue from the canalicular stage of development (20-22 weeks of gestation for humans, and embryonic day 15-16 (E15-E16) for mouse) are enriched with progenitors residing in distinct niches. On the basis of the marked analogy to progenitor niches in bone marrow (BM), we attempted strategies similar to BM transplantation, employing sublethal radiation to vacate lung progenitor niches and to reduce stem cell competition. Intravenous infusion of a single cell suspension of canalicular lung tissue from GFP-marked mice or human fetal donors into naphthalene-injured and irradiated syngeneic or SCID mice, respectively, induced marked long-term lung chimerism. Donor type structures or 'patches' contained epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial cells. Transplantation of differentially labeled E16 mouse lung cells indicated that these patches were probably of clonal origin from the donor. Recipients of the single cell suspension transplant exhibited marked improvement in lung compliance and tissue damping reflecting the energy dissipation in the lung tissues. Our study provides proof of concept for lung reconstitution by canalicular-stage human lung cells after preconditioning of the pulmonary niche.
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333
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Woik N, Kroll J. Regulation of lung development and regeneration by the vascular system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2709-18. [PMID: 25894695 PMCID: PMC11113134 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels have been described a long time ago as passive circuits providing sufficient blood supply to ensure proper distribution of oxygen and nutrition. Blood vessels are mainly formed during embryonic development and in the early postnatal period. In the adult, blood vessels are quiescent, but can be activated and subsequently induced under pathophysiological conditions, such as ischemia and tumor growth. Surprisingly, recent data have suggested an active function for blood vessels, named angiocrine signaling, releasing trophogens which regulate organ development and organ regeneration including in the pancreas, lung, tumor cells, liver and bone. Lung development is driven by hypoxia as well as an intense endothelial-epithelial interaction, and important mechanisms contributing to these processes have recently been identified. This review aims to summarize recent developments and concepts about embryonic pulmonary vascular development and lung regeneration. We discuss hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF as important mediators in lung development and focus on endothelial-epithelial interactions and angiocrine signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Woik
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
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334
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Lower Respiratory Tract Infection of the Ferret by 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza A Virus Triggers Biphasic, Systemic, and Local Recruitment of Neutrophils. J Virol 2015; 89:8733-48. [PMID: 26063430 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00817-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Infection of the lower respiratory tract by influenza A viruses results in increases in inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the lung. The dynamic relationships among the lung microenvironments, the lung, and systemic host responses during infection remain poorly understood. Here we used extensive systematic histological analysis coupled with live imaging to gain access to these relationships in ferrets infected with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1pdm virus). Neutrophil levels rose in the lungs of H1N1pdm virus-infected ferrets 6 h postinfection and became concentrated at areas of the H1N1pdm virus-infected bronchiolar epithelium by 1 day postinfection (dpi). In addition, neutrophil levels were increased throughout the alveolar spaces during the first 3 dpi and returned to baseline by 6 dpi. Histochemical staining revealed that neutrophil infiltration in the lungs occurred in two waves, at 1 and 3 dpi, and gene expression within microenvironments suggested two types of neutrophils. Specifically, CCL3 levels, but not CXCL8/interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels, were higher within discrete lung microenvironments and coincided with increased infiltration of neutrophils into the lung. We used live imaging of ferrets to monitor host responses within the lung over time with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Sites in the H1N1pdm virus-infected ferret lung with high FDG uptake had high levels of proliferative epithelium. In summary, neutrophils invaded the H1N1pdm virus-infected ferret lung globally and focally at sites of infection. Increased neutrophil levels in microenvironments did not correlate with increased FDG uptake; hence, FDG uptake may reflect prior infection and inflammation of lungs that have experienced damage, as evidenced by bronchial regeneration of tissues in the lungs at sites with high FDG levels. IMPORTANCE Severe influenza disease is characterized by an acute infection of the lower airways that may progress rapidly to organ failure and death. Well-developed animal models that mimic human disease are essential to understanding the complex relationships of the microenvironment, organ, and system in controlling virus replication, inflammation, and disease progression. Employing the ferret model of H1N1pdm virus infection, we used live imaging and comprehensive histological analyses to address specific hypotheses regarding spatial and temporal relationships that occur during the progression of infection and inflammation. We show the general invasion of neutrophils at the organ level (lung) but also a distinct pattern of localized accumulation within the microenvironment at the site of infection. Moreover, we show that these responses were biphasic within the lung. Finally, live imaging revealed an early and sustained host metabolic response at sites of infection that may reflect damage and repair of tissues in the lungs.
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335
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Current Perspectives in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies for Airway Tissue Defects. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:746392. [PMID: 26167186 PMCID: PMC4475757 DOI: 10.1155/2015/746392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and respiratory diseases are the third cause of death in industrialized countries; for this reason the airways and cardiopulmonary system have been the focus of extensive investigation, in particular of the new emerging branch of regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated multipotent adult cells that naturally reside within the human body, which can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages when cultured in specific inducing media. MSCs have the ability to migrate and engraft at sites of inflammation and injury in response to cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors at a wound site and they can exert local reparative effects through transdifferentiation and differentiation into specific cell types or via the paracrine secretion of soluble factors with anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Experimental and clinical evidence exists regarding MSCs efficacy in airway defects restoration; although clinical MSCs use, in the daily practice, is not yet completely reached for airway diseases, we can argue that MSCs do not represent any more merely an experimental approach to airway tissue defects restoration but they can be considered as a “salvage” therapeutic tool in very selected patients and diseases.
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336
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Cellular mechanisms of alveolar pathology in childhood interstitial lung diseases: current insights from mouse genetics. Curr Opin Pediatr 2015; 27:341-7. [PMID: 25888154 PMCID: PMC4466102 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse class of disorders affecting the alveolar gas exchange region that lack specific treatments and are usually fatal. Here, we integrate recent insights into alveolar cell biology with histopathology from well characterized mutations of surfactant-associated genes. We take a reductionist approach by parsing discrete histological features and correlating each to perturbation of a particular function of the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cell, the central driver of disease, to generate a working model for the cellular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The application of genetically modified mice and single cell genomics has yielded new insights into lung biology, including the identification of a bipotent alveolar progenitor in development, mapping of adult AT2 stem cells in vivo, and demonstration that latent cooperative interactions with fibroblasts can be pathologically activated by targeted injury of the AT2 cell. SUMMARY As we learn more about individual and cooperative roles for alveolar cells in health, we can dissect how perturbations of specific cellular functions contribute to disease in childhood ILDs. We hope our updated model centered around the AT2 cell as the initiator of disease provides a cellular framework that researchers can build upon and revise as they identify the specific molecular signals within and between alveolar cells that mediate the diverse pathologic features, so that targeted pharmacologic and cell-based treatments for patients can ultimately be engineered.
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337
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Lowenthal J, Sugarman J. Ethics and policy issues for stem cell research and pulmonary medicine. Chest 2015; 147:824-834. [PMID: 25732448 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell research and related initiatives in regenerative medicine, cell-based therapy, and tissue engineering have generated considerable scientific and public interest. Researchers are applying stem cell technologies to chest medicine in a variety of ways: using stem cells as models for drug discovery, testing stem cell-based therapies for conditions as diverse as COPD and cystic fibrosis, and producing functional lung and tracheal tissue for physiologic modeling and potential transplantation. Although significant scientific obstacles remain, it is likely that stem cell-based regenerative medicine will have a significant clinical impact in chest medicine. However, stem cell research has also generated substantial controversy, posing a variety of ethical and regulatory challenges for research and clinical practice. Some of the most prominent ethical questions related to the use of stem cell technologies in chest medicine include (1) implications for donors, (2) scientific prerequisites for clinical testing and use, (3) stem cell tourism, (4) innovation and clinical use of emerging stem cell-based interventions, (5) responsible translation of stem cell-based therapies to clinical use, and (6) appropriate and equitable access to emerging therapies. Having a sense of these issues should help to put emerging scientific advances into appropriate context and to ensure the responsible clinical translation of promising therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lowenthal
- School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Department of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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338
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Uhl FE, Vierkotten S, Wagner DE, Burgstaller G, Costa R, Koch I, Lindner M, Meiners S, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M. Preclinical validation and imaging of Wnt-induced repair in human 3D lung tissue cultures. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1150-66. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00183214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive loss of lung tissue. Inducing repair processes within the adult diseased lung is of major interest and Wnt/β-catenin signalling represents a promising target for lung repair. However, the translation of novel therapeutic targets from model systems into clinical use remains a major challenge.We generated murine and patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo lung tissue cultures (LTCs), which closely mimic the 3D lung microenvironment in vivo. Using two well-known glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and CHIR 99021 (CT), we determined Wnt/β-catenin-driven lung repair processes in high spatiotemporal resolution using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, (immuno)histological assessment, and four-dimensional confocal live tissue imaging.Viable 3D-LTCs exhibited preserved lung structure and function for up to 5 days. We demonstrate successful Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in murine and patient-derived 3D-LTCs from COPD patients. Wnt/β-catenin signalling led to increased alveolar epithelial cell marker expression, decreased matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression, as well as altered macrophage activity and elastin remodelling. Importantly, induction of surfactant protein C significantly correlated with disease stage (per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in patient-derived 3D-LTCs.Patient-derived 3D-LTCs represent a valuable tool to analyse potential targets and drugs for lung repair. Enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling attenuated pathological features of patient-derived COPD 3D-LTCs.
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339
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Chiu CJ, Ling TY, Chiang BL. Lung-derived SSEA-1(+) stem/progenitor cells inhibit allergic airway inflammation in mice. Allergy 2015; 70:374-83. [PMID: 25564944 DOI: 10.1111/all.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Little is known about the role of pulmonary stem/progenitor cells (PSCs) in allergic airway inflammation. METHODS To identify and investigate the role of PSCs in the bronchial epithelium of neonatal mice, we developed an enzyme-based digestion method to obtain single-cell suspension from lung tissues. Characterization of PSCs was performed using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of SSEA-1(+) (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1) PSCs was studied in an in vivo model of ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation and an in vitro model of cell-based regulation using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and immune-blotting. RESULTS Single-cell suspensions derived from neonatal lung tissue included populations that expressed either SSEA-1(+) or Sca-1(+) (stem cell antigen-1). The SSEA-1(+) PSCs were highly prevalent in neonatal mice, and they were rare in adult mice. Enriched neonatal SSEA-1(+) PSCs had the ability of self-renewal and differentiated into pneumocytes and tracheal epithelial cells. SSEA-1(+) PSCs reduced AHR and airway damage in asthmatic mice by decreasing eosinophil infiltration, inhibiting chemokines/cytokines production, and preserving the level of CCSP. CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrated that neonatal SSEA-1(+) PSCs play an immunomodulatory role in the progression of asthma by reducing lung damage and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of neonatal SSEA-1(+) PSCs might shed light on exploring the novel therapeutic approaches for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.-J. Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.-Y. Ling
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - B.-L. Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
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340
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Lin X, Huang J, Shi Y, Liu W. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in Applied Research: A Year in Review of 2014. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:177-86. [PMID: 25588683 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunxun Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Shanghai, P.R. China
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341
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Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:27-35. [PMID: 25521682 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial surfaces of the lungs are in direct contact with the environment and are subjected to dynamic physical forces as airway tubes and alveoli are stretched and compressed during ventilation. Mucociliary clearance in conducting airways, reduction of surface tension in the alveoli, and maintenance of near sterility have been accommodated by the evolution of a multi-tiered innate host-defense system. The biophysical nature of pulmonary host defenses are integrated with the ability of respiratory epithelial cells to respond to and 'instruct' the professional immune system to protect the lungs from infection and injury.
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342
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Diversity of epithelial stem cell types in adult lung. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:728307. [PMID: 25810726 PMCID: PMC4354973 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung is a complex organ lined with epithelial cells. In order to maintain its homeostasis and normal functions following injuries caused by varied extraneous and intraneous insults, such as inhaled environmental pollutants and overwhelming inflammatory responses, the respiratory epithelium normally undergoes regenerations by the proliferation and differentiation of region-specific epithelial stem/progenitor cells that resided in distinct niches along the airway tree. The importance of local epithelial stem cell niches in the specification of lung stem/progenitor cells has been recently identified. Studies using cell differentiating and lineage tracing assays, in vitro and/or ex vivo models, and genetically engineered mice have suggested that these local epithelial stem/progenitor cells within spatially distinct regions along the pulmonary tree contribute to the injury repair of epithelium adjacent to their respective niches. This paper reviews recent findings in the identification and isolation of region-specific epithelial stem/progenitor cells and local niches along the airway tree and the potential link of epithelial stem cells for the development of lung cancer.
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343
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Abstract
RATIONALE Much recent interest in lung bioengineering by pulmonary investigators, industry and the organ transplant field has seen a rapid growth of bioreactor development ranging from the microfluidic scale to the human-sized whole lung systems. A comprehension of the findings from these models is needed to provide the basis for further bioreactor development. OBJECTIVE The goal was to comprehensively review the current state of bioreactor development for the lung. METHODS A search using PubMed was done for published, peer-reviewed papers using the keywords "lung" AND "bioreactor" or "bioengineering" or "tissue engineering" or "ex vivo perfusion". MAIN RESULTS Many new bioreactors ranging from the microfluidic scale to the human-sized whole lung systems have been developed by both academic and commercial entities. Microfluidic, lung-mimic and lung slice cultures have the advantages of cost-efficiency and high throughput analyses ideal for pharmaceutical and toxicity studies. Perfused/ventilated rodent whole lung systems can be adapted for mid-throughput studies of lung stem/progenitor cell development, cell behavior, understanding and treating lung injury and for preliminary work that can be translated to human lung bioengineering. Human-sized ex vivo whole lung bioreactors incorporating perfusion and ventilation are amenable to automation and have been used for whole lung decellularization and recellularization. Clinical scale ex vivo lung perfusion systems have been developed for lung preservation and reconditioning and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Significant advances in bioreactors for lung engineering have been made at both the microfluidic and the macro scale. The most advanced are closed systems that incorporate pressure-controlled perfusion and ventilation and are amenable to automation. Ex vivo lung perfusion systems have advanced to clinical trials for lung preservation and reconditioning. The biggest challenges that lie ahead for lung bioengineering can only be overcome by future advances in technology that solve the problems of cell production and tissue incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine; Blood and Marrow Transplant Program; Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, U.S.A
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344
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Abstract
Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.
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345
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Emura M, Aufderheide M, Mohr U. Target cell types with stem/progenitor function to isolate for in vitro reconstruction of human bronchiolar epithelia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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346
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Rafii S, Cao Z, Lis R, Siempos II, Chavez D, Shido K, Rabbany SY, Ding BS. Platelet-derived SDF-1 primes the pulmonary capillary vascular niche to drive lung alveolar regeneration. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:123-136. [PMID: 25621952 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lung alveoli regenerate after surgical removal of the left lobe by pneumonectomy (PNX). How this alveolar regrowth/regeneration is initiated remains unknown. We found that platelets trigger lung regeneration by supplying stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12). After PNX, activated platelets stimulate SDF-1 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on pulmonary capillary endothelial cells (PCECs) to deploy the angiocrine membrane-type metalloproteinase MMP14, stimulating alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) expansion and neo-alveolarization. In mice lacking platelets or platelet Sdf1, PNX-induced alveologenesis was diminished. Reciprocally, infusion of Sdf1(+/+) but not Sdf1-deficient platelets rescued lung regeneration in platelet-depleted mice. Endothelial-specific ablation of Cxcr4 and Cxcr7 in adult mice similarly impeded lung regeneration. Notably, mice with endothelial-specific Mmp14 deletion exhibited impaired expansion of AECs but not PCECs after PNX, which was not rescued by platelet infusion. Therefore, platelets prime PCECs to initiate lung regeneration, extending beyond their haemostatic contribution. Therapeutic targeting of this haemo-vascular niche could enable regenerative therapy for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ilias I Siempos
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 10675, Greece
| | - Deebly Chavez
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Koji Shido
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Bioengineering Program, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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347
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Colvin KL, Yeager ME. Applying Biotechnology and Bioengineering to Pediatric Lung Disease: Emerging Paradigms and Platforms. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:45. [PMID: 26106589 PMCID: PMC4460801 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric lung diseases remain a costly worldwide health burden. For many children with end-stage lung disease, lung transplantation remains the only therapeutic option. Due to the limited number of lungs available for transplantation, alternatives to lung transplant are desperately needed. Recently, major improvements in tissue engineering have resulted in newer technology and methodology to develop viable bioengineered lungs. These include critical advances in lung cell biology, stem cell biology, lung extracellular matrix, microfabrication techniques, and orthotopic transplantation of bioartificial lungs. The goal of this short review is to engage the reader's interest with regard to these emerging concepts and to stimulate their interest to learn more. We review the existing state of the art of lung tissue engineering, and point to emerging paradigms and platforms in the field. Finally, we summarize the challenges and unmet needs that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley L Colvin
- Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
| | - Michael E Yeager
- Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA ; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver , Denver, CO , USA
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348
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Volckaert T, De Langhe SP. Wnt and FGF mediated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk during lung development. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:342-66. [PMID: 25470458 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptation to terrestrial life required the development of an organ capable of efficient air-blood gas exchange. To meet the metabolic load of cellular respiration, the mammalian respiratory system has evolved from a relatively simple structure, similar to the two-tube amphibian lung, to a highly complex tree-like system of branched epithelial airways connected to a vast network of gas exchanging units called alveoli. The development of such an elaborate organ in a relatively short time window is therefore an extraordinary feat and involves an intimate crosstalk between mesodermal and endodermal cell lineages. RESULTS This review describes the molecular processes governing lung development with an emphasis on the current knowledge on the role of Wnt and FGF signaling in lung epithelial differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The Wnt and FGF signaling pathways are crucial for the dynamic and reciprocal communication between epithelium and mesenchyme during lung development. In addition, some of this developmental crosstalk is reemployed in the adult lung after injury to drive regeneration, and may, when aberrantly or chronically activated, result in chronic lung diseases. Novel insights into how the Wnt and FGF pathways interact and are integrated into a complex gene regulatory network will not only provide us with essential information about how the lung regenerates itself, but also enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, as well as improve the controlled differentiation of lung epithelium from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; The Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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349
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Kim SY, Wong AHM, Abou Neel EA, Chrzanowski W, Chan HK. The future perspectives of natural materials for pulmonary drug delivery and lung tissue engineering. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:869-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.993314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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350
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Lipsi R, Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Segreti A, Cazzola M. The clinical use of regenerative therapy in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:1389-96. [PMID: 25548520 PMCID: PMC4271722 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s49519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative or stem cell therapy is an emerging field of treatment based on stimulation of endogenous resident stem cells or administration of exogenous stem cells to treat diseases or injury and to replace malfunctioning or damaged tissues. Current evidence suggests that in the lung, these cells may participate in tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that tissue-specific stem cells and bone marrow-derived cells contribute to lung tissue regeneration and protection, and thus administration of exogenous stem/progenitor cells or humoral factors responsible for the activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells may be a potent next-generation therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The use of bone marrow-derived stem cells could allow repairing and regenerate the damaged tissue present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by means of their engraftment into the lung. Another approach could be the stimulation of resident stem cells by means of humoral factors or photobiostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lipsi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, San Raffaele Pisana Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Segreti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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