301
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Luo X, Gong HB, Gao HY, Wu YP, Sun WY, Li ZQ, Wang G, Liu B, Liang L, Kurihara H, Duan WJ, Li YF, He RR. Oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine navigates phagocytosis of ferroptotic cells by interacting with TLR2. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1971-1989. [PMID: 33432112 PMCID: PMC8185102 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During cancer therapy, phagocytic clearance of dead cells plays a vital role in immune homeostasis. The nonapoptotic form of cell death, ferroptosis, exhibits extraordinary potential in tumor treatment. However, the phagocytosis mechanism that regulates the engulfment of ferroptotic cells remains unclear. Here, we establish a novel pathway for phagocytic clearance of ferroptotic cells that is different from canonical mechanisms by using diverse ferroptosis models evoked by GPX4 dysfunction/deficiency. We identified the oxidized phospholipid, 1-steaoryl-2-15-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE-OOH), as a key eat-me signal on the ferroptotic cell surface. Enriching the plasma membrane with SAPE-OOH increased the efficiency of phagocytosis of ferroptotic cells by macrophage, a process that was suppressed by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Ligand fishing, lipid blotting, and cellular thermal shift assay screened and identified TLR2 as a membrane receptor that directly recognized SAPE-OOH, which was further confirmed by TLR2 inhibitors and gene silencing studies. A mouse mammary tumor model of ferroptosis verified SAPE-OOH and TLR2 as critical players in the clearance of ferroptotic cells in vivo. Taken together, this work demonstrates that SAPE-OOH on ferroptotic cell surface acts as an eat-me signal and navigates phagocytosis by targeting TLR2 on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Biao Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hua-Ying Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Department, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zheng-Qiu Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Department, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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302
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Kadauke S, Myers RM, Li Y, Aplenc R, Baniewicz D, Barrett DM, Barz Leahy A, Callahan C, Dolan JG, Fitzgerald JC, Gladney W, Lacey SF, Liu H, Maude SL, McGuire R, Motley LS, Teachey DT, Wertheim GB, Wray L, DiNofia AM, Grupp SA. Risk-Adapted Preemptive Tocilizumab to Prevent Severe Cytokine Release Syndrome After CTL019 for Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:920-930. [PMID: 33417474 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of risk-adapted preemptive tocilizumab (PT) administration in preventing severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after CTL019, a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. METHODS Children and young adults with CD19-positive relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were assigned to high- (≥ 40%) or low- (< 40%) tumor burden cohorts (HTBC or LTBC) based on a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy before infusion. HTBC patients received a single dose of tocilizumab (8-12 mg/kg) after development of high, persistent fevers. LTBC patients received standard CRS management. The primary end point was the frequency of grade 4 CRS (Penn scale), with an observed rate of ≤ 5 of 15 patients in the HTBC pre-defined as clinically meaningful. In post hoc analyses, the HTBC was compared with a historical cohort of high-tumor burden patients from the initial phase I CTL019 trial. RESULTS The primary end point was met. Seventy patients were infused with CTL019, 15 in the HTBC and 55 in the LTBC. All HTBC patients received the PT intervention. The incidence of grade 4 CRS was 27% (95% CI, 8 to 55) in the HTBC and 3.6% (95% CI, 0.4 to 13) in the LTBC. The best overall response rate was 87% in the HTBC and 100% in the LTBC. Initial CTL019 expansion was greater in the HTBC than the LTBC (P < .001), but persistence was not different (P = .73). Event-free and overall survival were worse in the HTBC (P = .004, P < .001, respectively). In the post hoc analysis, grade 4 CRS was observed in 27% versus 50% of patients in the PT and prior phase I cohorts, respectively (P = .18). CONCLUSION Risk-adapted PT administration resulted in a decrease in the expected incidence of grade 4 CRS, meeting the study end point, without adversely impacting the antitumor efficacy or safety of CTL019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kadauke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Regina M Myers
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diane Baniewicz
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David M Barrett
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allison Barz Leahy
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colleen Callahan
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph G Dolan
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Julie C Fitzgerald
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Whitney Gladney
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Abramson Cancer Center and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Regina McGuire
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura S Motley
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David T Teachey
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerald B Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa Wray
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda M DiNofia
- Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Cellular Therapy and Transplant Section and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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303
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Hayashi Y, Wagatsuma K, Nojima M, Yamakawa T, Ichimiya T, Yokoyama Y, Kazama T, Hirayama D, Nakase H. The characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:409-420. [PMID: 33759041 PMCID: PMC7987120 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although primarily a respiratory illness, several studies have shown that COVID-19 causes elevation of liver enzymes and various gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms contributed toward COVID-19 severity, and identify the GI symptoms characteristic of severe COVID-19. We conducted a literature search of PubMed from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020, and identified all reports with GI symptoms reported. A meta-analysis comparing the severity of COVID-19 with the presence of liver enzyme elevation and GI symptoms was performed using RevMan version 5.4. Pooled data from 15,305 unique reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 patients from 44 studies were analyzed. We found that the severe COVID-19 patients significantly had abdominal pain compared to the non-severe COVID-19 patients (OR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.17-6.27, Z = 2.32, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%) by analyzed 609 patients of 4 studies who reported both abdominal pain and COVID-19 severity. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting between the two groups. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that abdominal pain could be characteristic of severe COVID-19 infections. Compared with other viral infections that primarily infect the respiratory system, patients with COVID-19 have a slightly lower frequency of diarrheal symptoms with abdominal pain. However, to confirm this, further studies with COVID-19 patients across various countries and ethnicities are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Kohei Wagatsuma
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XCenter for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yamakawa
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ichimiya
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yokoyama
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Tomoe Kazama
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- grid.263171.00000 0001 0691 0855Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University of Medicine, S-1, W16, Chuoku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
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304
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Li P, Yu H, Zhang G, Kang L, Qin B, Cao Y, Luo J, Chen X, Wang Y, Qin M, Wu J, Huang Y, Zou X, Guan H, Wang Y. Identification and Characterization of N6-Methyladenosine CircRNAs and Methyltransferases in the Lens Epithelium Cells From Age-Related Cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:13. [PMID: 32761139 PMCID: PMC7441297 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the involvement of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in circular RNAs (circRNAs) and relevant methyltransferases in the lesion of lens epithelium cells (LECs) under the circumstances of age-related cataract (ARC). Methods LECs were collected from normal subjects and patients with cortical type of ARC (ARCC). M6A-tagged circRNAs and circRNAs expression were analyzed by m6A-modified RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m6A-RIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict possible functions of the m6A-circRNAs. Expression of m6A-related methyltransferase and demethytransferase was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression and location of AlkB homolog 5 RNA demethylase (ALKBH5), a key component of m6A demethytransferase, were determined by Western blot and immunostaining. Results All 4646 m6A peaks within circRNAs had different abundances, with 2472 enriched and 2174 subdued. The level of m6A abundance in total circRNAs was decreased in the LECs from ARCCs in comparison with the controls. We also found that the expression of highly m6A-tagged circRNAs was mostly decreased in comparison with non-m6A-tagged circRNAs. The bioinformatics analysis predicted the potential functions of m6A modified circRNAs and the relevant pathways that may be associated with m6A modified circRNAs. Among five major methyltransferases, ALKBH5 was significantly upregulated in LECs of ARCCs. Conclusions Our data provided novel evidence regarding the involvement of circRNAs m6A modifications in ARC. The altered expression of methyltransferases in lens tissue might selectively change the epigenetic profile of lens genome through regulating genes that host the circRNAs, thus enhance the susceptibility to ARC. The results might provide a new insight in the molecular target of ARC pathogenesis.
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305
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Nisha R, Kumar P, Kumar U, Mishra N, Maurya P, Singh S, Singh P, Guleria A, Saha S, Saraf SA. Fabrication of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Lactoferrin-Modified PEGylated Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:1102-1120. [PMID: 33356314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of concern as it has substantial morbidity associated with it. Previous reports have ascertained the antiproliferative activity of imatinib mesylate (IMS) against diverse types of carcinomas, but limited bioavailability has also been reported. The present study envisaged optimized IMS-loaded lactoferrin (LF)-modified PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (IMS-LF-LCNPs) for effective therapy of IMS to HCC via asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting. Results displayed that IMS-LF-LCNPs presented an optimum particle size of 120.40 ± 2.75 nm, a zeta potential of +12.5 ± 0.23 mV, and 73.94 ± 2.69% release. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to confirm the surface architecture of IMS-LF-LCNPs. The results of cytotoxicity and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed that IMS-LF-LCNPs had the highest growth inhibition and significant apoptotic effects. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies showed that IMS-LF-LCNPs have superior pharmacokinetic performance and targeted delivery compared to IMS-LCNPs and plain IMS, which was attributed to the targeting action of LF that targets the ASGPR in hepatic cells. Next, our in vivo experiment established that the HCC environment existed due to suppression of BAX, cyt c, BAD, e-NOS, and caspase (3 and 9) genes, which thus owed upstream expression of Bcl-xl, iNOS, and Bcl-2 genes. The excellent therapeutic potential of IMS-LF-LCNPs began the significant stimulation of caspase-mediated apoptotic signals accountable for its anti-HCC prospect. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (serum) metabolomics revealed that IMS-LF-LCNPs are capable of regulating the disturbed levels of metabolites linked to HCC triggered through N-nitrosodiethylamine. Therefore, IMS-LF-LCNPs are a potentially effective formulation against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Samipta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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Cairns G, Thumiah-Mootoo M, Burelle Y, Khacho M. Mitophagy: A New Player in Stem Cell Biology. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E481. [PMID: 33352783 PMCID: PMC7766552 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental importance of functional mitochondria in the survival of most eukaryotic cells, through regulation of bioenergetics, cell death, calcium dynamics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, is undisputed. However, with new avenues of research in stem cell biology these organelles have now emerged as signaling entities, actively involved in many aspects of stem cell functions, including self-renewal, commitment and differentiation. With this recent knowledge, it becomes evident that regulatory pathways that would ensure the maintenance of mitochondria with state-specific characteristics and the selective removal of organelles with sub-optimal functions must play a pivotal role in stem cells. As such, mitophagy, as an essential mitochondrial quality control mechanism, is beginning to gain appreciation within the stem cell field. Here we review and discuss recent advances in our knowledge pertaining to the roles of mitophagy in stem cell functions and the potential contributions of this specific quality control process on to the progression of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cairns
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
| | - Madhavee Thumiah-Mootoo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology (OISB), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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307
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Aly O, Abouelfadl DM, Shaker OG, Hegazy GA, Fayez AM, Zaki HH. Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on TNF-α and TGF-β expression in acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been reported that Moringa oleifera (MO) has different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera extract on acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats on a biochemical and histological basis. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control group), healthy rates; group II (acetaminophen group), rates received acetaminophen for induction of liver fibrosis; group III (treated group), liver fibrosis of rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract; and group IV (prophylactic group), rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract before and after induction of liver fibrosis. Serum liver function parameters were quantified using a spectrophotometer, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transformed growth factor beta (TGF- β) in liver tissue homogenate by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expression of liver tissue TNF-α and TGF-genes was measured by real-time PCR after extraction and purification. Hepatic tissue was also evaluated under a microscope for histopathological changes.
Results
Our results showed a significant decrease in liver enzymes, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the treated and prophylactic groups compared to the acetaminophen group, and our biochemical data were consistent with the histopathological findings confirming the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract.
Conclusions
Biochemical parameters and histopathology results provide evidence that Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract has a great potential to prevent and improve liver damage due to its protective activity.
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308
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liang J, Qiu G, Zhu X, Chen J, Li L. Identification of a Functional ceRNA Network to Explore Potential Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12341-12355. [PMID: 33293827 PMCID: PMC7719347 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network associated with the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed circRNA. Moreover, the competing endogenous RNA networks were established using bioinformatics methods. Meanwhile, the prognostic value and potential mechanism of ceRNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed. RESULTS This work found that circ_0130911 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and early recurring HCC. Further, we effectively constructed a ceRNA network. The ceRNA network regulated by circ_0130911 might influence the prognosis of HCC by regulating cell cycle-related pathways. CONCLUSION The ceRNA network proposed here can be used as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of HCC, thereby providing new insights for the targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Shi W, Bian L, Lv D, Bi S, Dai Y, Yang K, Lu H, Zhou H, Que Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Lu N. Enhanced neural differentiation of neural stem cells by sustained release of Shh from TG2 gene-modified EMSC co-culture in vitro. Amino Acids 2020; 53:11-22. [PMID: 33245424 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a promising cell therapy, neural crest-derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) secrete high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) and neurotrophic factors, promoting neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into neuronal lineages and aiding tissue regeneration. Additionally, the forced overexpression of secreted proteins can increase the therapeutic efficacy of the secretome. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of calcium-dependent crosslinking enzymes, which can stabilize the ECM, inducing smart or living biomaterial to stimulate differentiation and enhance the neurogenesis of NSCs. In this study, we examined the neuronal differentiation of NSCs induced by TG2 gene-modified EMSCs (TG2-EMSCs) in a co-culture model directly. Two weeks after initiating differentiation, levels of the neuronal markers, tubulin beta 3 class III and growth-associated protein 43, were higher in NSCs in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group and those of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were lower, compared with the control group. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and laminin, fibronectin and sonic hedgehog (Shh) contributed to this effect. The results of western blot analysis and the enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that after TG2-EMSCs were co-cultured for 2 weeks, they expressed much higher levels of Shh than the control group. Moreover, the sustained release of Shh was observed in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group. Overall, our findings indicate that EMSCs can induce the differentiation of NSCs, of which TG2-EMSCs can promote the differentiation of NSCs compared with EMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shi
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Lv
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Bi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dai
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangao Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunduan Que
- Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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310
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sreepadmanabh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
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311
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Bagheri-Mohammadi S. Protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic brain injury: therapeutic perspectives of regenerative medicine. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:249-262. [PMID: 33231840 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury as the main manifestation of stroke can occur in stroke patients (70-80%). Nowadays, the main therapeutic strategy used for ischemic brain injury treatment aims to achieve reperfusion, neuroprotection, and neurorecovery. Also, angiogenesis as a therapeutic approach maybe represents a promising tool to enhance the prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, although many therapeutic approaches as a life-saving gateway for cerebral ischemic injuries like pharmacotherapy and surgical treatments are widely used, they all fail to restore or regenerate damaged neurons in the brain. So, the suitable therapeutic approach would focus on regenerating the lost cells and restore the normal function of the brain. Currently, stem cell-based regenerative medicine introduced a new paradigm approach in cerebral ischemic injuries treatment. Today, in experimental researches, different types of stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells have been applied. Therefore, stem cell-based regenerative medicine provides the opportunity to inquire and develop a more effective and safer therapeutic approach with the capability to produce and regenerate new neurons in damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Departments of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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312
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Shao J, Zaro J, Shen Y. Advances in Exosome-Based Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting: From Tissue Distribution to Intracellular Fate. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9355-9371. [PMID: 33262592 PMCID: PMC7700079 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s281890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles are considered a new generation of bioinspired-nanoscale drug delivery system (DDS). Endogenous exosomes function as signalosomes since they convey signals via ligands or adhesion molecules located on the exosomal membrane, or packaged inside the exosome. Recently, exosome membrane modification, therapeutic payloads encapsulation, and modulation of in vivo disposition of exosomes have been extensively investigated, among which significant advances have been made to optimize exosome-mediated delivery to solid tumors. Exosomes, specifically tumor cell-derived exosomes, are presumed to have tumor-preferential delivery due to the homotypic features. However, quality attributes that dictate the tissue distribution, cell type-selective uptake, and intracellular payload release of the administered exosomes, as well as the spatiotemporal information regarding exosome fate in vivo, remain to be further investigated. This review summarizes recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms with a focus on tumor targeting. The pharmacokinetic features of naive exosomes and factors influencing their intracellular fate are summarized. Recent strategies to improve tumor targeting of exosomes are also reviewed in the context of the biological features of tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME). Selected approaches to augment tumor tissue deposition of exosomes, as well as methods to enhance intracellular payload delivery, are summarized with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms (eg, passive or active targeting, endosomal escape, etc.). In conclusion, this review highlights recently reported tumor-targeting strategies of exosome-based drug delivery, and it's in the hope that multiple approaches might be employed in a synergistic combination in the development of exosome-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntang Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Hefei230032, People’s Republic of China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA90089-9121, USA
| | - Yuxian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Hefei230032, People’s Republic of China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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313
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Lipidic Cubic-Phase Nanoparticles (Cubosomes) Loaded with Doxorubicin and Labeled with 177Lu as a Potential Tool for Combined Chemo and Internal Radiotherapy for Cancers. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112272. [PMID: 33207760 PMCID: PMC7696353 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid liquid-crystalline nanoparticles (cubosomes) were used for the first time as a dual-modality drug delivery system for internal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Monoolein (GMO)-based cubosomes were prepared by loading the anticancer drug, doxorubicin and a commonly used radionuclide, low-energy beta (β−)-emitter, 177Lu. The radionuclide was complexed with a long chain derivative of DOTAGA (DOTAGA-OA). The DOTAGA headgroup of the chelator was exposed to the aqueous channels of the cubosomes, while, concerning OA, the hydrophobic tail was embedded in the nonpolar region of the lipid bilayer matrix, placing the radioactive dopant in a stable manner inside the cubosome. The cubosomes containing doxorubicin and the radionuclide complex increased the cytotoxicity measured by the viability of the treated HeLa cells compared with the effect of single-drug cubosomes containing either the DOX DOTAGA-OA or DOTAGA-OA-177Lu complex. Multifunctional lipidic nanoparticles encapsulating the chemotherapeutic agent together with appropriately complexed (β−) radionuclide are proposed as a potential strategy for effective local therapy of various cancers.
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314
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Verma J, Mishra AS. COVID-19 infection: Disease detection and mobile technology. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10345. [PMID: 33240654 PMCID: PMC7659622 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology took place in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and spread quickly worldwide in December 2019. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention identified a novel beta-coronavirus called 2019-nCoV, now officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) that is responsible for the pandemic. The coronavirus COVID-19 affected 215 countries and territories around the world and more than 99 hundred thousand people at present (Nature Nanotechnology, 2020). At present, there are no specific vaccines or treatments available for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. At this time the experts recommend precautions such as social distancing, hand washing, and wearing face masks to reduce disease transmission. This review article aims to improve the readers' awareness towards the important role of mobile technology for SARS-CoV-2. METHODOLOGY To achieve this objective, we performed a COVID-19 literature review from various sources that include data from the published articles as well as World Health Organization reports on coronavirus disease and how mobile technology is useful to fight against this disease. RESULTS Mobile technology can be helpful in mapping disease spread and provides an easy way to provide awareness that promotes safety and adoption of necessary precautions to mitigate and stop community transmission. CONCLUSION The spread rate of COVID-19 is very high and until now no vaccines are available to control this disease. To this end we should leverage other avenues such as digital technologies to protect ourselves from this disease. Mobile technology such as smartphones are playing an important role in this pandemic, by launching apps to track coronavirus infected people. These apps are very easy to use and provide self-isolation guidelines as well as other safety tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Verma
- Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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315
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Ghazavi H, Shirzad S, Forouzanfar F, Sahab Negah S, Riyahi Rad M, Vafaee F. The role of resveratrol as a natural modulator in glia activation in experimental models of stroke. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:557-573. [PMID: 33299813 PMCID: PMC7711292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke is one of the most important causes of death and disability in modern and developing societies. In a stroke, both the glial cells and neurons develop apoptosis due to decreased cellular access to glucose and oxygen. Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) as a herbal compound shows neuroprotective and glioprotective effects. This article reviews how resveratrol can alleviate symptoms after stroke to help neurons to survive by modulating some signaling pathways in glia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were searched from 2000 to February 2020 to gather the required articles using appropriate keywords. RESULTS Resveratrol enhances anti-inflammatory and decreases inflammatory cytokines by affecting the signaling pathways in microglia such as AMP-activated protein kinase (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK), SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1). Furthermore, through miR-155 overexpressing in microglia, resveratrol promotes M2 phenotype polarization. Resveratrol also increases AMPK and inhibits GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) activity in astrocytes, which release energy, makes ATP available to neurons and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, resveratrol increases oligodendrocyte survival, which can lead to maintaining post-stroke brain homeostasis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that resveratrol can be considered a novel therapeutic agent for the reduction of stroke symptoms that can not only affect neuronal function but also play an important role in reducing neurotoxicity by altering glial activity and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghazavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Shirzad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam-Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Riyahi Rad
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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316
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Muñoz-Sánchez S, van der Vaart M, Meijer AH. Autophagy and Lc3-Associated Phagocytosis in Zebrafish Models of Bacterial Infections. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112372. [PMID: 33138004 PMCID: PMC7694021 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modeling human infectious diseases using the early life stages of zebrafish provides unprecedented opportunities for visualizing and studying the interaction between pathogens and phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. Intracellular pathogens use phagocytes or other host cells, like gut epithelial cells, as a replication niche. The intracellular growth of these pathogens can be counteracted by host defense mechanisms that rely on the autophagy machinery. In recent years, zebrafish embryo infection models have provided in vivo evidence for the significance of the autophagic defenses and these models are now being used to explore autophagy as a therapeutic target. In line with studies in mammalian models, research in zebrafish has shown that selective autophagy mediated by ubiquitin receptors, such as p62, is important for host resistance against several bacterial pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, Mycobacterium marinum, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, an autophagy related process, Lc3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), proved host beneficial in the case of Salmonella Typhimurium infection but host detrimental in the case of S. aureus infection, where LAP delivers the pathogen to a replication niche. These studies provide valuable information for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at directing the autophagy machinery towards bacterial degradation.
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317
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Zhang K, Hu H, Xu J, Qiu L, Chen H, Jiang X, Jiang Y. Circ_0001421 facilitates glycolysis and lung cancer development by regulating miR-4677-3p/CDCA3. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:133. [PMID: 33109222 PMCID: PMC7592370 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is a malignant tumor originating in the bronchial mucosa or gland of the lung. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are proved to be key regulators of tumor progression. However, the regulatory effect of circ_0001421 on lung cancer tumorigenesis remains unclear. METHODS The expression levels of circ_0001421, microRNA-4677-3p (miR-4677-3p) and cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), Transwell and Tumor formation assays were performed to explore the role of circ_0001421 in LC. Glucose consumption and lactate production were examined by a Glucose assay kit and a Lactic Acid assay kit. Western blot was utilized to examine the protein levels of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) and CDCA3. The interaction between miR-4677-3p and circ_0001421 or CDCA3 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Circ_0001421 was increased in LC tissues and cells, and knockdown of circ_0001421 repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis in vitro. Meanwhile, circ_0001421 knockdown inhibited LC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0001421 could bind to miR-4677-3p, and CDCA3 was a target of miR-4677-3p. Rescue assays manifested that silencing miR-4677-3p or CDCA3 overexpression reversed circ_0001421 knockdown-mediated suppression on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis in LC cells. CONCLUSION Circ_0001421 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis in LC by regulating the miR-4677-3p/CDCA3 axis, which providing a new mechanism for LC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No.66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No.66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No.66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingzhi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No.66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No.66 Renmin South Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China.
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318
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Stem Cells and Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering: Synergistic Cure for Liver Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1092-1104. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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319
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Cruz-Gil S, Fernández LP, Sánchez-Martínez R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Non-Coding and Regulatory RNAs as Epigenetic Remodelers of Fatty Acid Homeostasis in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2890. [PMID: 33050166 PMCID: PMC7599548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells commonly display metabolic fluctuations. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, alterations in lipid metabolism homeostasis have been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Highly proliferative cancer cells upregulate de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) which are required to support tumor progression by exerting multiple roles including structural cell membrane composition, regulators of the intracellular redox homeostasis, ATP synthesis, intracellular cell signaling molecules, and extracellular mediators of the tumor microenvironment. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a crucial role in human development, but also in the initiation and progression of complex diseases. The study of epigenetic processes could help to design new integral strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders including cancer. Herein, we first describe the main altered intracellular fatty acid processes to support cancer initiation and progression. Next, we focus on the most important regulatory and non-coding RNAs (small noncoding RNA-sncRNAs-long non-coding RNAs-lncRNAs-and other regulatory RNAs) which may target the altered fatty acids pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.); Tel.: +34-67-213-49-21 (A.R.d.M.); Fax: +34-91-830-59-61 (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.-G.); (L.P.F.); (R.S.-M.)
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320
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Lai X, Ding Y, Wu CM, Chen X, Jiang JH, Hsu HY, Wang Y, Le Brun AP, Song J, Han ML, Li J, Shen HH. Phytantriol-Based Cubosome Formulation as an Antimicrobial against Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44485-44498. [PMID: 32942850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections increasingly relies on last-line antibiotics, such as polymyxins, with the urgent need for discovery of new antimicrobials. Nanotechnology-based antimicrobials have gained significant importance to prevent the catastrophic emergence of MDR over the past decade. In this study, phytantriol-based nanoparticles, named cubosomes, were prepared and examined in vitro by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill assays against Gram-negative bacteria: Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytantriol-based cubosomes were highly bactericidal against polymyxin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-deficient A. baumannii strains. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to understand the structural changes in biomimetic membranes that replicate the composition of these LPS-deficient strains upon treatment with cubosomes. Additionally, to further understand the membrane-cubosome interface, neutron reflectivity (NR) was used to investigate the interaction of cubosomes with model bacterial membranes on a solid support. These results reveal that cubosomes might be a new strategy for combating LPS-deficient Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chun-Ming Wu
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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321
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Ranjan K, Chhipa AS, Tiwari BS, Pathak C. AGE-RAGE synergy influences programmed cell death signaling to promote cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:585-598. [PMID: 33025314 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed as a result of non-enzymatic reaction between the free reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs are predominantly synthesized during chronic hyperglycemic conditions or aging. AGEs interact with their receptor RAGE and activate various sets of genes and proteins of the signal transduction pathway. Accumulation of AGEs and upregulated expression of RAGE is associated with various pathological conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The role of AGE-RAGE signaling has been demonstrated in the progression of various types of cancer and other pathological disorders. The expression of RAGE increases manifold during cancer progression. The activation of AGE-RAGE signaling also perturbs the cellular redox balance and modulates various cell death pathways. The programmed cell death signaling often altered during the progression of malignancies. The cellular reprogramming of AGE-RAGE signaling with cell death machinery during tumorigenesis is interesting to understand the complex signaling mechanism of cancer cells. The present review focus on multiple molecular paradigms relevant to cell death particularly Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Necroptosis that are considerably influenced by the AGE-RAGE signaling in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the review also attempts to shed light on the provenience of AGE-RAGE signaling on oxidative stress and consequences of cell survival mechanism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Budhi Sagar Tiwari
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.
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322
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Alavi M, Webster TJ. Nano liposomal and cubosomal formulations with platinum-based anticancer agents: therapeutic advances and challenges. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2399-2410. [PMID: 32945246 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and multidrug resistance in tumor cells can result from platinum-based anticancer (PBA) agents which can be reduced by nano formulations. Recently, novel formulations based on liposomes and cubosomes have been described as efficient strategies to overcome nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hematological toxicities, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity as well as multidrug resistance. The co-delivery of anticancer agents concomitant with PBAs via biocompatible and biodegradable smart liposomes and cubosomes can augment therapeutic results of chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy owing to their high accessibility of surface and internal modification. For this purpose, surface, bilayer or core sections of these formulations can be functionalized by pure PBAs or modified PBAs. In this review, recent significant advances and challenges related to various liposomal and cubosomal formulations of PBA are presented in order to emphasize suitable formulations for anticancer applications with critical thoughts provided on how the field can progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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323
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Moss JJ, Hammond CL, Lane JD. Zebrafish as a model to study autophagy and its role in skeletal development and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:549-564. [PMID: 32915267 PMCID: PMC7609422 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, research using zebrafish as a model organism has increased immensely. With the many advantages that zebrafish offer such as high fecundity, optical transparency, ex vivo development, and genetic tractability, they are well suited to studying developmental processes and the effect of genetic mutations. More recently, zebrafish models have been used to study autophagy. This important protein degradation pathway is needed for cell and tissue homeostasis in a variety of contexts. Correspondingly, its dysregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases including skeletal disorders. In this review, we explore how zebrafish are being used to study autophagy in the context of skeletal development and disease, and the ways these areas are intersecting to help identify potential therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Moss
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jon D Lane
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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324
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RNF40 exerts stage-dependent functions in differentiating osteoblasts and is essential for bone cell crosstalk. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:700-714. [PMID: 32901120 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of histone ubiquitination in directing cell lineage specification is only poorly understood. Our previous work indicated a role of the histone 2B ubiquitin ligase RNF40 in controlling osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that RNF40 has a stage-dependent function in controlling osteoblast differentiation in vivo. RNF40 expression is essential for early stages of lineage specification, but is dispensable in mature osteoblasts. Paradoxically, while osteoblast-specific RNF40 deletion led to impaired bone formation, it also resulted in increased bone mass due to impaired bone cell crosstalk. Loss of RNF40 resulted in decreased osteoclast number and function through modulation of RANKL expression in OBs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Tnfsf11 (encoding RANKL) is an important target gene of H2B monoubiquitination. These data reveal an important role of RNF40-mediated H2B monoubiquitination in bone formation and remodeling and provide a basis for exploring this pathway for the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis or cancer-associated osteolysis.
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325
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Ginn L, Shi L, La Montagna M, Garofalo M. LncRNAs in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:E25. [PMID: 32629922 PMCID: PMC7549371 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is associated with a high mortality, with around 1.8 million deaths worldwide in 2018. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for around 85% of cases and, despite improvement in the management of NSCLC, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and the five-year survival remains around 15%. This highlights a need to identify novel ways to treat the disease to reduce the burden of NSCLC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides in length which play important roles in gene expression and signaling pathways. Recently, lncRNAs were implicated in cancer, where their expression is dysregulated resulting in aberrant functions. LncRNAs were shown to function as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes in a variety of cancer types. Although there are a few well characterized lncRNAs in NSCLC, many lncRNAs remain un-characterized and their mechanisms of action largely unknown. LncRNAs have success as therapies in neurodegenerative diseases, and having a detailed understanding of their function in NSCLC may guide novel therapeutic approaches and strategies. This review discusses the role of lncRNAs in NSCLC tumorigenesis, highlighting their mechanisms of action and their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester SK10 4TG, UK; (L.G.); (L.S.); (M.L.M.)
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326
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Song H, Liu Q, Liao Q. Circular RNA and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32518520 PMCID: PMC7268656 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ring structure and play important roles as gene regulators. Disturbed expressions of circRNAs is closely related to varieties of pathological processes. The roles of circRNAs in cancers have gained increasing concerns. The communications between the cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) play complicated roles to affect the malignant behaviors of cancers, which potentially present new therapeutic targets. Herein, we reviewed the roles of circRNAs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
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327
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Zhai J, Tan FH, Luwor RB, Srinivasa Reddy T, Ahmed N, Drummond CJ, Tran N. In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity and Biodistribution of Paclitaxel-Loaded Cubosomes as a Drug Delivery Nanocarrier: A Case Study Using an A431 Skin Cancer Xenograft Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4198-4207. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Tan
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rodney B. Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - T. Srinivasa Reddy
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Calum J. Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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328
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Sreepadmanabh M, Sahu AK, Chande A. COVID-19: Advances in diagnostic tools, treatment strategies, and vaccine development. J Biosci 2020; 45:148. [PMID: 33410425 PMCID: PMC7683586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented worldwide spread of the SARS-CoV-2 has imposed severe challenges on healthcare facilities and medical infrastructure. The global research community faces urgent calls for the development of rapid diagnostic tools, effective treatment protocols, and most importantly, vaccines against the pathogen. Pooling together expertise across broad domains to innovate effective solutions is the need of the hour. With these requirements in mind, in this review, we provide detailed critical accounts on the leading efforts at developing diagnostics tools, therapeutic agents, and vaccine candidates. Importantly, we furnish the reader with a multidisciplinary perspective on how conventional methods like serology and RT-PCR, as well as cutting-edge technologies like CRISPR/Cas and artificial intelligence/machine learning, are being employed to inform and guide such investigations. We expect this narrative to serve a broad audience of both active and aspiring researchers in the field of biomedical sciences and engineering and help inspire radical new approaches towards effective detection, treatment, and prevention of this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sreepadmanabh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
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