301
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Colonna M, Navarro F, López-Botet M. A novel family of inhibitory receptors for HLA class I molecules that modulate function of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:115-22. [PMID: 10453654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Colonna
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
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302
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Borges L, Fanger N, Cosman D. Interactions of LIRs, a family of immunoreceptors expressed in myeloid and lymphoid cells, with viral and cellular MHC class I antigens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:123-36. [PMID: 10453655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Borges
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101-2936, USA
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303
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Daëron M, Vivier E. Biology of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing molecules. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:1-12. [PMID: 10453645 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Daëron
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, INSERM U.255, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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304
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Cambiaggi A, Lucas M, Vivier E, Vély F. The enigma of activating isoforms of ITIM-bearing molecules. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999; 244:169-76. [PMID: 10453659 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-58537-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Cambiaggi
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Géne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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305
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Bates EEM, Fournier N, Garcia E, Valladeau J, Durand I, Pin JJ, Zurawski SM, Patel S, Abrams JS, Lebecque S, Garrone P, Saeland S. APCs Express DCIR, a Novel C-Type Lectin Surface Receptor Containing an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified a novel member of the calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin family. This molecule, designated DCIR (for dendritic cell (DC) immunoreceptor), is a type II membrane glycoprotein of 237 aa with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), closest in homology to those of the macrophage lectin and hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors. The intracellular domain of DCIR contains a consensus immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. A mouse cDNA, encoding a homologous protein has been identified. Northern blot analysis showed DCIR mRNA to be predominantly transcribed in hematopoietic tissues. The gene encoding human DCIR was localized to chromosome 12p13, in a region close to the NK gene complex. Unlike members of this complex, DCIR displays a typical lectin CRD rather than an NK cell type extracellular domain, and was expressed on DC, monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, and granulocytes, but not detected on NK and T cells. DCIR was strongly expressed by DC derived from blood monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4. DCIR was mostly expressed by monocyte-related rather than Langerhans cell related DC obtained from CD34+ progenitor cells. Finally, DCIR expression was down-regulated by signals inducing DC maturation such as CD40 ligand, LPS, or TNF-α. Thus, DCIR is differentially expressed on DC depending on their origin and stage of maturation/activation. DCIR represents a novel surface molecule expressed by Ag presenting cells, and of potential importance in regulation of DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Fournier
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Eric Garcia
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Jenny Valladeau
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Isabelle Durand
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Jean-Jacques Pin
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | | | - Sejal Patel
- †DNAX, Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Serge Lebecque
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Pierre Garrone
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
| | - Sem Saeland
- *Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, Dardilly, France; and
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306
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Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, Alebardi O, Nakajima H, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M. Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 1999; 5:919-23. [PMID: 10426316 DOI: 10.1038/11360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1260] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have identified two cell subsets in human blood based on the lack of lineage markers (lin-) and the differential expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor 1 (ILT1) and ILT3. One subset (lin-/ILT3+/ILT1+) is related to myeloid dendritic cells. The other subset (lin-/ILT3+/ILT1+) corresponds to 'plasmacytoid monocytes'. These cells are found in inflamed lymph nodes in and around the high endothelial venules. They express CD62L and CXCR3, and produce extremely large amounts of type I interferon after stimulation with influenza virus or CD40L. These results, with the distinct cell phenotype, indicate that plasmacytoid monocytes represent a specialized cell lineage that enters inflamed lymph nodes at high endothelial venules, where it produces type I interferon. Plasmacytoid monocytes may protect other cells from viral infections and promote survival of antigen-activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cella
- Basel Institute for Immunology.
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307
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bell
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
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308
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Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I-specific inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells prevent the lysis of healthy autologous cells. The outcome of this negative signal is not anergy or apoptosis of natural killer cells but a transient abortion of activation signals. The natural killer inhibitory receptors fulfill this function by recruiting the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 through a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif. This immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif has become the hallmark of a growing family of receptors with inhibitory potential, which are expressed in various cell types such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, leukocytes, and mast cells. Most of the natural killer inhibitory receptors and two members of a monocyte inhibitory-receptor family bind major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Ligands for many of the other receptors have yet to be identified. The inhibitory-receptor superfamily appears to regulate many types of immune responses by blocking cellular activation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
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309
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Maresco DL, Osborne JM, Cooney D, Coggeshall KM, Anderson CL. The SH2-Containing 5′-Inositol Phosphatase (SHIP) Is Tyrosine Phosphorylated after Fcγ Receptor Clustering in Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current models of FcγR signal transduction in monocytes describe a molecular cascade that begins upon clustering of FcγR with the phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domains of FcγRIIa or the γ-chain subunit of FcγRI and FcγRIIIa. The cascade engages several other tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules, either enzymes or adapters, to manifest ultimately an array of biological responses, including phagocytosis, cell killing, secretion of a variety of inflammatory mediators, and activation. Continuing to assess systematically the molecules participating in the cascade, we have found that the SH2-containing 5′-inositol phosphatase (SHIP) is phosphorylated on tyrosine early and transiently after FcγR clustering. This molecule in other systems, such as B cells and mast cells, mediates an inhibitory signal. We find that clustering of either FcγRIIa or FcγRI is effective in inducing SHIP phosphorylation, that SHIP binds in vitro to a phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif, peptide from the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIa in activation-independent fashion, although SHIP binding increases upon cell activation, and that FcγRIIb and FcγRIIc are not responsible for the observed SHIP phosphorylation. These findings prompt us to propose that SHIP inhibits FcγR-mediated signal transduction by engaging immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-containing cytoplasmic domains of FcγRIIa and FcγRI-associated γ-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damon Cooney
- †Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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310
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Berg SF, Fossum S, Dissen E. NILR-1, a novel immunoglobulin-like receptor expressed by neutrophilic granulocytes, is encoded by a leukocyte receptor gene complex on rat chromosome 1. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2000-6. [PMID: 10382763 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199906)29:06<2000::aid-immu2000>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several receptors expressed by subsets of leukocytes and with sequence homology to the killer cell inhibitory receptors have recently been identified both in man and mouse. Here we describe a rat cDNA that encodes a novel receptor of this group, designated neutrophil immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (NILR-1). The predicted 58.7-kDa mature NILR-1 protein is a type I integral membrane protein, with three C2-type immunoglobulin superfamily domains, a transmembrane region devoid of charged amino acids, and a cytoplasmic tail containing four immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-like regions. NILR-1 shows greatest sequence homology to the mouse paired immunoglobulin-like receptor-B and members of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor/immunoglobulin-like transcript group of receptors. As shown by Northern blot analysis, NILR-1 was transcribed by neutrophilic granulocytes. Although weaker transcription was found with a macrophage cell line, no signal was detected with peritoneal macrophage or spleen RNA. Linkage analysis localized Nilr1 to chromosome 1, closely linked to a locus encoding a rat NKp46 orthologue. The two loci define a rat leukocyte receptor gene complex, in a region syntenic to human chromosome 19q13.4 and the proximal part of mouse chromosome 7, that harbors the human and mouse leukocyte receptor gene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Berg
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
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311
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Corinti S, Fanales-Belasio E, Albanesi C, Cavani A, Angelisova P, Girolomoni G. Cross-Linking of Membrane CD43 Mediates Dendritic Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD43/leukosialin is a major sialoglycoprotein of the dendritic cell (DC) surface, which can regulate cell adhesion and has the potential to mediate cell activation signals. Monocyte-derived DC transiently incubated with the anti-CD43 mAb, MEM-59, or with F(ab′)2 fragments, but not with monovalent Fab fragments or control IgG, 24 h later showed increased levels of membrane HLA-DR, CD54, CD40, CD80, CD86, and CD83. In parallel, CD43 cross-linking induced synthesis and release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10. CD43 ligation inhibited the endocytic activity of DC, and enhanced the capacity of DC to stimulate T cell proliferation in the primary allogeneic and autologous MLR assay. In addition, anti-CD43-treated DC were less efficient at presenting native HIV-1 reverse transcriptase to a specific CD4+ T cell clone, whereas presentation of the reverse transcriptase 55–72 peptide to the same clone was increased. Finally, MEM-59 or its F(ab′)2 fragments elicited a rise in intracellular free calcium and tyrosine phosphorylation of a 25-kDa protein in DC. The results thus indicate that CD43 cross-linking with specific ligands induces activation and functional maturation of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corinti
- *Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; and
| | | | - Cristina Albanesi
- *Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Andrea Cavani
- *Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Pavla Angelisova
- †Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- *Laboratory of Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; and
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312
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Meyaard L, Hurenkamp J, Clevers H, Lanier LL, Phillips JH. Leukocyte-Associated Ig-Like Receptor-1 Functions as an Inhibitory Receptor on Cytotoxic T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Leukocyte associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a surface molecule expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes that functions as an inhibitory receptor on human NK cells. In addition to NK cells, LAIR-1 is expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Most cells express two biochemically distinct forms of LAIR-1, which we now show are likely alternative splice variants of the same gene. Cross-linking of LAIR-1 on human T cell clones results in inhibition of cytotoxicity only in T cell clones that lack CD28 and are able to spontaneously lyse certain targets in vitro. Moreover, the cytolytic activity of freshly isolated T cells, which is thought to be mainly due to “effector” T cells, can be inhibited by anti-LAIR-1 mAb. Thus, LAIR-1 functions as an inhibitory receptor not only on NK cells, but also on human T cells. This indicates that LAIR-1 provides a mechanism of regulation of effector T cells and may play a role in the inhibition of unwanted bystander responses mediated by Ag-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Meyaard
- *Department of Immunobiology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
- †Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Hurenkamp
- †Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- †Department of Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- *Department of Immunobiology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
| | - Joseph H. Phillips
- *Department of Immunobiology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304; and
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313
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Allan DS, Colonna M, Lanier LL, Churakova TD, Abrams JS, Ellis SA, McMichael AJ, Braud VM. Tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G bind to peripheral blood myelomonocytic cells. J Exp Med 1999; 189:1149-56. [PMID: 10190906 PMCID: PMC2193000 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.7.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonclassical MHC class I molecule human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is selectively expressed on fetal trophoblast tissue at the maternal-fetal interface in pregnancy. It has long been suggested that HLA-G may inhibit maternal natural killer (NK) cells through interaction with particular NK cell receptors (KIRs). To investigate interactions of HLA-G, we constructed phycoerythrin-labeled tetrameric complexes of HLA-G refolded with a self-peptide. These HLA-G tetramers failed to bind to NK cells and cells transfected with CD94/NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like NK receptors. In contrast, HLA-G tetramers did bind to peripheral blood monocytes, staining a CD16(+)CD14(mid) subset with greater intensity. On transfectants, HLA-G tetramers bound to inhibitory immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 receptors. However, staining in the presence of antibodies reactive with ILT receptors revealed that the interaction of HLA-G tetramers with blood monocytes was largely due to binding to ILT4. These results suggest that the primary role of HLA-G may be the modulation of myelomonocytic cell behavior in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Allan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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314
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Cosman D, Fanger N, Borges L. Human cytomegalovirus, MHC class I and inhibitory signalling receptors: more questions than answers. Immunol Rev 1999; 168:177-85. [PMID: 10399074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1999.tb01292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus UL18 protein, an MHC class I homologue, has been shown to bind to leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR)-1, a member of a family of nine closely related immunoglobulin superfamily receptors expressed on leucocytes. The LIRs are related to the natural killer (NK)-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and to several other immunoreceptors. Three groups of LIR molecules have been defined: those containing cytoplasmic domain inhibitory signalling motifs, those with short cytoplasmic domains and a charged residue within the transmembrane domain, and a secreted molecule. LIR-1 and LIR-2 bind to a broad spectrum of cellular MHC class I antigens, including HLA-A, -B and -C alleles. LIR-2 is expressed by all monocytes and dendritic cells, whereas LIR-1 is additionally expressed by B cells and subsets of T and NK cells. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, LIR-1 and LIR-2 associate with the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, and have been shown to inhibit Fc gamma RI signalling when co-crosslinked in monocytes. Evidence for and against a role of UL18 as an inhibitor of NK-cell function is discussed, as are possible functional outcomes of UL18-LIR-1 interactions in monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cosman
- Immunex Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98110, USA.
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315
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Bruhns P, Marchetti P, Fridman WH, Vivier E, Daëron M. Differential Roles of N- and C-Terminal Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibition Motifs During Inhibition of Cell Activation by Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) inhibit NK and T cell cytotoxicity when recognizing MHC class I molecules on target cells. They possess two tandem intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) that, when phosphorylated, each bind to the two Src homology 2 domain-bearing protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 in vitro. Using chimeric receptors having an intact intracytoplasmic KIR domain bearing both ITIMs (N+C-KIR), a deleted domain containing the N-terminal ITIM only (N-KIR), or a deleted domain containing the C-terminal ITIM only (C-KIR), we examined the respective contributions of the two ITIMs in the inhibition of cell activation in two experimental models (a rat mast cell and a mouse B cell line) that have been widely used to analyze KIR functions. We found that the two KIR ITIMs play distinct roles. When coaggregated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing receptors such as high-affinity IgE receptors or B cell receptors, the N+C-KIR and the N-KIR chimeras, but not the C-KIR chimera, inhibited mast cell and B cell activation, became tyrosyl-phosphorylated, and recruited phosphatases in vivo. The N+C-KIR chimera recruited SHP-1 as expected, but also SHP-2. Surprisingly, the N-KIR chimera failed to recruit SHP-1; however, it did recruit SHP-2. Consequently, the N-terminal ITIM is sufficient to recruit SHP-2 and to inhibit cell activation, whereas the N-terminal and the C-terminal ITIMs are both necessary to recruit SHP-1. The two KIR ITIMs, therefore, are neither mandatory for inhibition nor redundant. Rather than simply amplifying inhibitory signals, they differentially contribute to the recruitment of distinct phosphatases that may cooperate to inhibit cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bruhns
- *Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.255, Institut Curie, Paris, France; and
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- *Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.255, Institut Curie, Paris, France; and
| | - Wolf H. Fridman
- *Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.255, Institut Curie, Paris, France; and
| | - Eric Vivier
- †Centre d’Immunologie Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de Marseille Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Daëron
- *Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.255, Institut Curie, Paris, France; and
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316
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Blery M, Vivier E. How to extinguish lymphocyte activation, immunotyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-bearing molecules a solution? Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:187-91. [PMID: 10353459 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ITIM-bearing molecules represent a novel family of inhibitory receptors expressed widely through the hematopoietic compartment. These molecules share certain features such as the presence in their intracytoplasmic domain of the so-called motif ITIM (ImmunoTyrosine-based Inhibition Motif). These molecules are able to recruit phosphatases on their phosphorylated ITIM and thus mediate a localized inhibition of the transduction pathways. The molecular basis of this inhibitory pathway is discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blery
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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317
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Lu-Kuo JM, Joyal DM, Austen KF, Katz HR. gp49B1 inhibits IgE-initiated mast cell activation through both immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, recruitment of src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1, and suppression of early and late calcium mobilization. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:5791-6. [PMID: 10026201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.9.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We define by molecular, pharmacologic, and physiologic approaches the proximal mechanism by which the immunoglobulin superfamily member gp49B1 inhibits mast cell activation mediated by the high affinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI). In rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells expressing transfected mouse gp49B1, mutation of tyrosine to phenylalanine in either of the two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs of the gp49B1 cytoplasmic domain partially suppressed gp49B1-mediated inhibition of exocytosis, whereas mutation of both abolished inhibitory capacity. Sodium pervanadate elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of native gp49B1 and association of the tyrosine phosphatases src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2 in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs). SHP-1 associated transiently with gp49B1 within 1 min after coligation of gp49B1 with cross-linked FcepsilonRI in mBMMCs. SHP-1-deficient mBMMCs exhibited a partial loss of gp49B1-mediated inhibition of FcepsilonRI-induced exocytosis at concentrations of IgE providing optimal exocytosis, revealing a central, but not exclusive, SHP-1 requirement in the counter-regulatory pathway. Coligation of gp49B1 with cross-linked FcepsilonRI on mBMMCs inhibited early release of calcium from intracellular stores and subsequent influx of extracellular calcium, consistent with SHP-1 participation. Because exocytosis is complete within 2 min in mBMMCs, our studies establish a role for SHP-1 in the initial counter-regulatory cellular responses whereby gp49B1 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs rapidly transmit inhibition of FcepsilonRI-mediated exocytosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Binding Sites
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Exocytosis
- Immunoglobulin E/physiology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgE/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic
- SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tyrosine/antagonists & inhibitors
- src Homology Domains
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lu-Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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318
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Wines BD, Hulett MD, Jamieson GP, Trist HM, Spratt JM, Hogarth PM. Identification of Residues in the First Domain of Human Fcα Receptor Essential for Interaction with IgA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The FcR family contains multiple receptors for Igs, of which the most distantly related (∼20%) is the IgA receptor (human FcαR), being more homologous (∼35%) to another family of killer-inhibitory receptor-related immunoreceptors with a 19q13.4 chromosomal location in humans. This study of the FcαR demonstrated that, like several IgG receptors, FcαR is a low affinity receptor for Ab (Ka ∼ 106 M−1). Rapid dissociation of the rsFcαR:IgA complex (t1/2 ∼ 25 s) suggests that monomer IgA would bind transiently to cellular FcαRs, while IgA immune complexes could bind avidly. Mutagenesis of histidyl 85 and arginyl 82, in the FG loop of domain 1, demonstrated that these residues were essential for the IgA-binding activity of FcαR, while arginyl 87 makes a minor contribution to the binding activity of the receptor. This site is unusual among the Fc receptors (FcγRII, FcγRIII, and FcεRI), in which the ligand binding site is in domain 2 rather than domain 1, but like FcαR, the FG loop comprises part of the ligand binding site. The putative F and G strands flanking the FcαR ligand binding site are highly homologous in the other killer-inhibitory receptor-related immunoreceptors, suggesting they comprise a conserved structural element on which divergent FG loops are presented and participate in the specific ligand interactions of each of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Wines
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark D. Hulett
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P. Jamieson
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Halina M. Trist
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Spratt
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Helen M. Schutt Laboratory for Immunology, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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319
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Katz HR. gp49B1 and its related family of counterregulatory receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999; 118:177-9. [PMID: 10224370 DOI: 10.1159/000024059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on mast cells elicits positive signal transduction cascades that lead to the release of a variety of proinflammatory mediators. Mouse mast cells also express gp49B1 on their surface, an immunoglobulin superfamily member that bears two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in its cytoplasmic domain and inhibits FcepsilonRI-induced release of secretory granule mediators and the cysteinyl leukotriene, LTC4. gp49B1 belongs to a growing family of inhibitory receptors expressed in mouse and man. Thus, FcepsilonRI-induced mast cell activation is counterregulated by several receptors belonging to the same superfamily as FcepsilonRI itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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320
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Long EO. Regulation of immune responses by inhibitory receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 452:19-28. [PMID: 9889955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5355-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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321
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Nakajima H, Samaridis J, Angman L, Colonna M. Cutting Edge: Human Myeloid Cells Express an Activating ILT Receptor (ILT1) That Associates with Fc Receptor γ-Chain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ig-like transcripts (ILTs) encode cell surface receptors expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells that are structurally and functionally related to killer cell inhibitory receptors. One ILT, designated ILT1, contains a short cytoplasmic domain that lacks sequence motifs implicated in signal transduction. Its function is unknown. Similar short cytoplasmic domains have been observed in activating NK cell receptors and FcαR, which transduce stimulatory signals via associated DAP12 and FcεRIγ proteins, respectively. Here we show that ILT1 receptor is selectively expressed on myeloid cells, functions as an activating receptor, and associates with FcεRIγ rather than DAP12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Angman
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
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322
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Torkar M, Norgate Z, Colonna M, Trowsdale J, Wilson MJ. Isotypic variation of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript/killer cell inhibitory receptor loci in the leukocyte receptor complex. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:3959-67. [PMID: 9862332 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199812)28:12<3959::aid-immu3959>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on human chromosome 19q13.4 encompasses at least four families of related genes: immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILT), killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR), the leukocyte-associated inhibitory receptors (LAIR) and the Fcalpha receptor (Fc(alpha)R). We determined the genomic organization of a region of DNA spanning the junction of the ILT and KIR gene complexes. Extensive sequence data were collected for ILT3, two novel genes, ILT9 and ILT10, and one novel KIR locus (KIRCI). These loci, along with other reported sequences from the region, encoded a leader sequence split into two exons, upstream of two to four immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, each on a separate exon. Downstream of the Ig domains, however, the organization differs markedly between inhibitory and activating ILT. These data are consistent with a highly conserved gene arrangement for all superfamily members suggesting duplication of primordial sequences. ILT3 and KIRCI were in the same head-to-tail orientation as has been described for other KIR loci which may facilitate addition or loss of genes between different haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Torkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, GB.
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323
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Maurer D, Fiebiger E, Reininger B, Ebner C, Petzelbauer P, Shi GP, Chapman HA, Stingl G. Fcε Receptor I on Dendritic Cells Delivers IgE-Bound Multivalent Antigens into a Cathepsin S-Dependent Pathway of MHC Class II Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate the FcεRI-mediated Ag uptake and presentation mechanisms of dendritic cells (DC). We found that FcεRI-bound IgE, after polyvalent but not after monovalent ligation, is efficiently internalized into acidic, proteolytic compartments, degraded, and delivered into organelles containing MHC class II, HLA-DM, and lysosomal proteins. To follow the fate of the fragmented ligand, we sought to interfere with invariant chain (Ii) degradation, a process critical for peptide loading of nascent MHC class II molecules. We found DC to express cathepsin (Cat) S, a cysteine protease involved in li processing by B cells. Exposure of DC to a specific, active-site inhibitor of Cat S resulted in the loss of anti-Cat S immunoreactivity, led to the appearance of an N-terminal Ii remnant, and decreased the export of newly synthesized MHC class II to the DC surface. Furthermore, inactivation of Cat S as well as blockade of protein neosynthesis by cycloheximide strongly reduced IgE/FcεRI-mediated Ag presentation by DC. Thus, multimeric ligands of FcεRI, instead of being delivered into a recycling MHC class II pathway, are channeled efficiently into MIIC (MHC class II compartment)-like organelles of DC, in which Cat S-dependent li processing and peptide loading of newly synthesized MHC class II molecules occur. This IgE/FcεRI-dependent signaling pathway in DC may be a particularly effective route for immunization and a promising target for interfering with the early steps of allergen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Maurer
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
| | | | - Christof Ebner
- ‡Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Austria; and
| | | | - Guo-Ping Shi
- §Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Harold A. Chapman
- §Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Georg Stingl
- *Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
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324
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Pessino A, Sivori S, Bottino C, Malaspina A, Morelli L, Moretta L, Biassoni R, Moretta A. Molecular cloning of NKp46: a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily involved in triggering of natural cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 1998; 188:953-60. [PMID: 9730896 PMCID: PMC3207313 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.5.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
NKp46 has been shown to represent a novel, natural killer (NK) cell-specific surface molecule, involved in human NK cell activation. In this study, we further analyzed the role of NKp46 in natural cytotoxicity against different tumor target cells. We provide direct evidence that NKp46 represents a major activating receptor involved in the recognition and lysis of both human and murine tumor cells. Although NKp46 may cooperate with other activating receptors (including the recently identified NKp44 molecule) in the induction of NK-mediated lysis of human tumor cells, it may represent the only human NK receptor involved in recognition of murine target cells. Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the NKp46 molecule revealed a novel member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, characterized by two C2-type Ig-like domains in the extracellular portion. The transmembrane region contains the positively charged amino acid Arg, which is possibly involved in stabilizing the association with CD3zeta chain. The cytoplasmic portion, spanning 30 amino acids, does not contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motifs. Analysis of a panel of human/hamster somatic cell hybrids revealed segregation of the NKp46 gene on human chromosome 19. Assessment of the NKp46 mRNA expression in different tissues and cell types unambiguously confirmed the strict NK cell specificity of the NKp46 molecule. Remarkably, in line with the ability of NKp46 to recognize ligand(s) on murine target cells, the cDNA encoding NKp46 was found to be homologous to a cDNA expressed in murine spleen. In conclusion, this study reports the first characterization of the molecular structure of a NK-specific receptor involved in the mechanism of NK cell activation during natural cytotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Dogs
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pessino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
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325
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Posch PE, Borrego F, Brooks AG, Coligan JE. HLA-E is the ligand for the natural killer cell CD94/NKG2 receptors. J Biomed Sci 1998; 5:321-31. [PMID: 9758906 DOI: 10.1007/bf02253442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P E Posch
- Structural Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Twinbrook II, Rockville, Md., USA
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326
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Poggi A, Tomasello E, Ferrero E, Zocchi MR, Moretta L. p40/LAIR-1 regulates the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors to dendritic cells induced by granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:2086-91. [PMID: 9692876 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2086::aid-immu2086>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
p40/LAIR-1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is a surface molecule broadly distributed among leukocytes which has been shown to down-regulate T and NK cell activation. In this study, we show that p40/LAIR-1 is highly expressed in CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). When cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 10-14 days, CD14+ cells acquired morphologic and phenotypic features (i.e. loss of CD14 and expression of CD80bright and CD86bright) typical of dendritic cells (DC) and lost the expression of p40/LAIR-1. Engagement of p40/LAIR-1 (but not of CD58) by specific monoclonal antibodies prevented CD14+ PBMC differentiation into DC; when cultured in the presence of GM- CSF upon p40/LAIR-1 cross-linking, the resulting cells were CD14+CD80(dull)CD86(dull) and displayed a macrophage-like morphology. We have recently demonstrated that peripheral blood CD14+ cells co-expressing the CD34 progenitor marker represent the circulating precursors of CD83+ DC. Herein we show that cross-linking of p40/LAIR-1 prevented the maturation of CD14+CD34+ cells into CD83+ DC. This effect appears to be consequent to the impairment of GM-CSF receptor-mediated activation signaling. Indeed, triggering of GM-CSF receptors in both CD14+ and CD14+CD34+ cells led to increases in the intracellular free calcium concentrations which were inhibited by p40/LAIR-1 engagement. Taken together, these data suggest a possible regulating role played by p40/LAIR-1 in the process of differentiation from peripheral blood precursors into DC induced by GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Poggi
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro e Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate CBA-IST, Genova, Italy
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327
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Abstract
In killing of cellular targets, natural killer cells employ receptors that activate them and receptors specific for MHC class I that inhibit their activation. Progress in understanding the inhibitory receptors has been rapid, and indications are that they fall into two distinct structural types that appear to utilize the same inhibitory signaling cascade; meanwhile, components of the activation cascade are being elucidated, permitting us to integrate the pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Yokoyama
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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328
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Abstract
NK cells are regulated by opposing signals from receptors that activate and inhibit effector function. While positive stimulation may be initiated by an array of costimulatory receptors, specificity is provided by inhibitory signals transduced by receptors for MHC class I. Three distinct receptor families, Ly49, CD94/NKG2, and KIR, are involved in NK cell recognition of polymorphic MHC class I molecules. A common pathway of inhibitory signaling is provided by ITIM sequences in the cytoplasmic domains of these otherwise structurally diverse receptors. Upon ligand binding and activation, the inhibitory NK cell receptors become tyrosine phosphorylated and recruit tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 and possibly SHP-2, resulting in inhibition of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine expression. Recent studies suggest these inhibitory NK cell receptors are members of a larger superfamily containing ITIM sequences, the inhibitory receptor superfamily (IRS).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface/physiology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/physiology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Lanier
- DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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329
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Rolstad B, Seaman WE. Natural killer cells and recognition of MHC class I molecules: new perspectives and challenges in immunology. Scand J Immunol 1998; 47:412-25. [PMID: 9627124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Rolstad
- Immunology/Arthritis Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco 94121, USA
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330
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Colonna M, Samaridis J, Cella M, Angman L, L. Allen R, O’Callaghan CA, Dunbar R, S. Ogg G, Cerundolo V, Rolink A. Cutting Edge: Human Myelomonocytic Cells Express an Inhibitory Receptor for Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Leukocyte activation can be negatively regulated by inhibitory receptors specific for MHC class I molecules. While one inhibitory receptor, Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2), is expressed by all lymphoid and myelomonocytic cell types, other receptors display a more selective tissue distribution. Here we characterize an inhibitory receptor, termed ILT4, which is selectively expressed in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), binds classical class I molecules and the nonclassical class I molecules HLA-G, and transduces negative signals that can inhibit early signaling events triggered by stimulatory receptors. ILT4 may control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity mediated by myelomonocytic cells and may modulate their Ag-presenting functions, focusing immune responses to microbial challenges and avoiding autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Cella
- *Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Angman
- *Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel L. Allen
- †Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A. O’Callaghan
- †Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rod Dunbar
- †Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- †Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- †Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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331
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Bléry M, Kubagawa H, Chen CC, Vély F, Cooper MD, Vivier E. The paired Ig-like receptor PIR-B is an inhibitory receptor that recruits the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:2446-51. [PMID: 9482905 PMCID: PMC19370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging family of cell surface inhibitory receptors is characterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIM). These ITIM-bearing inhibitory receptors, which are typically paired with activating isoforms, associate with Src homology domain 2-containing phosphatases following ITIM tyrosine phosphorylation. Two categories of phosphatases are recruited by the ITIM-bearing receptors: the protein-tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 and SHP-2, and the polyphosphate inositol 5-phosphatase, SHIP. The dynamic equilibrium of B cell activation is partially controlled by two well known ITIM-bearing receptors, CD22 and FcgammaRIIB, a low affinity receptor for IgG. We describe here that a murine ITIM-bearing molecule, PIR-B, can also negatively regulate B cell activation. Tyrosine-phosphorylated ITIMs allow PIR-B to associate with SHP-1 but not with SHIP. Engagement of PIR-B thereby initiates a SHP-1-dependent inhibitory pathway that may play an important role in regulating B lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bléry
- Centre d'Immunologie Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de Marseille-Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
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332
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Kuroiwa A, Yamashita Y, Inui M, Yuasa T, Ono M, Nagabukuro A, Matsuda Y, Takai T. Association of tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP with gp49B1, and chromosomal assignment of the gene. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:1070-4. [PMID: 9422771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.2.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the molecules participating in the inhibitory function of gp49B1, a murine type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on mast cells and natural killer cells, as well as the chromosomal location of its gene. As assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis, tyrosine-phosphorylated, but not nonphosphorylated, synthetic peptides matching each of the two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like sequences found in the cytoplasmic portion of gp49B1 associated with the approximately 65-kDa tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and approximately 70-kDa SHP-2 derived from RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, the phosphotyrosyl peptide matching the second ITIM-like sequence also bound the approximately 145-kDa inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase SHIP. Thus, it has been strongly suggested that the inhibitory nature of gp49B involves the recruitment of SHP-1, SHP-2, and SHIP for the delivery of inhibitory signal to the cell interior upon phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in their ITIMs. The gp49B gene has been found to be in the juxtaposition of its cognate gene, gp49A. The gene pair was shown to locate in the B4 band of mouse chromosome 10. In this region, no conserved linkage homology to human chromosome 19, where the genes for killer cell inhibitory receptors are found, has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuroiwa
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan
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333
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Brooke GP, Parsons KR, Howard CJ. Cloning of two members of the SIRP alpha family of protein tyrosine phosphatase binding proteins in cattle that are expressed on monocytes and a subpopulation of dendritic cells and which mediate binding to CD4 T cells. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:1-11. [PMID: 9485180 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199801)28:01<1::aid-immu1>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have greatly clarified the function of cell surface molecules in the induction and modulation of T cell responses by antigen-presenting cells (APC). However, the differences in ability to stimulate T cells evident for different types and subpopulations of the same APC, such as dendritic cell subsets, is less well understood. This report details an investigation of an antigen expressed on monocytes that is also expressed on a subset of cattle afferent lymph veiled cells (ALVC). A cDNA library derived from cattle monocytes was screened with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for expression in COS-7 cells. Using separate mAb for screening, two cDNA were cloned, the sequences of which showed a single long open reading frame encoding a predicted type I glycoprotein of 506 amino acids that contained three immunoglobulin superfamily domains and a long 112-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. We have termed this antigen MyD-1, reflecting its myeloid and dendritic cell distribution. Analysis of the EMBL database revealed that the molecule is a member of the recently described family of signal regulatory proteins (SIRP). The outeremost Ig domain was of the adhesion/receptor I-type, suggesting that MyD-1 might bind to a ligand on another cell. Evidence for this was subsequently obtained by demonstrating that COS-7 cells transfected with MyD-1 cDNA bound CD4 T cells and this binding was blocked by specific mAb. The potential importance of this interaction was supported by the finding that the proliferation of resting memory CD4 T cells to ovalbumin-pulsed monocytes was significantly reduced in the presence of mAb to MyD-1. A role for the molecule in the modulation of the monocyte/dendritic APC response is also predicted from the existence of multiple potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic domain, including the presence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and the observation that the SIRP alpha family members have been shown to bind to SHP-1 and SHP-2. Together these data indicate a possible functional importance for MyD-1 in the regulation of monocyte and dendritic cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Brooke
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, GB
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334
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Takai T, Ono M, Ujike A, Yuasa T. Regulation of murine hypersensitive responses by Fc receptors. Allergol Int 1998. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.47.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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335
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Yokoyama
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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336
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Colonna M, Navarro F, Bellón T, Llano M, García P, Samaridis J, Angman L, Cella M, López-Botet M. A common inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells. J Exp Med 1997; 186:1809-18. [PMID: 9382880 PMCID: PMC2199153 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.11.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis is negatively regulated by killer cell inhibitory receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In this study, we characterize a novel inhibitory MHC class I receptor of the immunoglobulin-superfamily, expressed not only by subsets of NK and T cells, but also by B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This receptor, called Ig-like transcript (ILT)2, binds MHC class I molecules and delivers a negative signal that inhibits killing by NK and T cells, as well as Ca2+ mobilization in B cells and myelomonocytic cells triggered through the B cell antigen receptor and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR, respectively. In addition, myelomonocytic cells express receptors homologous to ILT2, which are characterized by extensive polymorphism and might recognize distinct HLA class I molecules. These results suggest that diverse leukocyte lineages have adopted recognition of self-MHC class I molecules as a common strategy to control cellular activation during an immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, CD
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute/pathology
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Superantigens/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colonna
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel CH-4005, Switzerland
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337
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Meyaard L, Adema GJ, Chang C, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Lanier LL, Phillips JH. LAIR-1, a novel inhibitory receptor expressed on human mononuclear leukocytes. Immunity 1997; 7:283-90. [PMID: 9285412 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe a novel inhibitory receptor, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1), that is constitutively expressed on the majority of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. LAIR-1 is a 32 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with a single immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytoplasmic tail containing two immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. LAIR-1 recruits SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphatases upon activation, and cross-linking of the LAIR-1 antigen on natural killer (NK) cells results in strong inhibition of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Although it is structurally related to human killer cell inhibitory receptors, LAIR-1 does not appear to recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and thus represents a novel HLA class I-independent mechanism of NK cell regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Jurkat Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meyaard
- Department of Immunobiology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304-1104, USA
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Wagtmann N, Rojo S, Eichler E, Mohrenweiser H, Long EO. A new human gene complex encoding the killer cell inhibitory receptors and related monocyte/macrophage receptors. Curr Biol 1997; 7:615-8. [PMID: 9259559 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Wagtmann
- Laboratory of immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
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